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Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni Khoa Cng Ngh Ha
Nguyn Ngc Minh MSV:0441120070 1

B CNG THNG
TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP H NI
CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM
C LP- T DO- HNH PHC

N MN HC QU TRNH THIT B

H v tn SV: Nguyn Ngc Minh
MSV: 0441120070
Lp: H Cng Ngh Ha 1 Kha: IV
Khoa: Cng ngh ha
Gi|o vin hng dn: Nguyn Th Hu
NI DUNG: Thit k h thng chng luyn lin tc loi th|p a l c ng
chy truyn phn tch hn hp: Metylic- Nc vi cc s liu ban u
nh sau:
- Nng sut hn hp u = 9988,7kg/gi
- Nng cu t d bay hi :
+ hn hp u aF=32,7%
+ hn hp u ap=92,2%
B b
STT
Tn bn v Kh giy S lng
1 V dy chuyn sn xut A4 01



+
hn
hp u aw=1,0%
Thp lm vic p sut thng, hn hp c gia nhit trong n nhit
si

PHN THUYT MINH

MC LC
MC LC:
LI CM N:.4
LI NI U:..6
PHN I : GII THIU
CHUNG.7
I. L thuyt v chng luyn..7
1.1 Phng ph|p chng luyn.........7
1.2 Thit b chng luyn ...8
2 Gii thiu v hn hp c chng luyn.8
2.1 Nc.8
2.2 Metylic.....13
2.3 V v thuyt minh dy chuyn sn xut.....13
2.3.1 Dy chuyn sn xut13
PHN II: TNH TON THIT B CHNH15
2.1 Tnh ton cn bng vt liu ton thit b...15
2 V h thng th|p chng luyn A0 01



2.2 Cn bng vt liu..16
2.3 Tnh ch s hi lu ti thiu..17
2.1.3 Tnh ch s hi lu thch hp.

2.1.4 S a l thuyt..30
2.1.5 Phng trnh ng nng lm vic.31
2.2 Tnh ng knh th|p..31
2.2.1 Lng hi trung bnh c|c dng pha i trong th|p...32
2.2.2 Khi lng ring trung bnh37
2.2.3 Vn tc i trong th|p...40
2.2.4 Tnh ng knh th|p..40
2.3 Tnh chiu cao th|p.41
2.3.1 H s khuch t|n.41
2.3.2 H s cp khi.42
2.3.3 H s chuyn khi, ng cong ng hc, s a thc t...47
2.3.4 Hiu sut thp, chiu cao th|p.53
2.3.5 Chn loi a53
2.4 Tnh tr lc th|p..54
2.4.1 Tr lc ca a kh..54
2.4.2 Tr lc ca a do sc cng b mt.55
2.4.3 Tr lc ca lp cht lng trn a56

2.4.4 Tr lc th|p..
2.5 Tnh cn bng nhit lng ..57



2.5.1 Tnh cn bng nhit trong thit b gia nhit hn hp u58
2.5.2 Tnh cn bng nhit lng to{n th|p chng luyn..60
2.5.3 Tnh cn bng nhit lng trong thit b ngng t.63
2.5.4 Tnh cn bng nhit lng trong thit b lm lnh.64
PHN III: TNH TON C KH66
3.1 Tnh to|n th}n th|p66
3.1.1 p sut trong thit b..66
3.1.2 ng sut cho php.67
3.1.3 Tnh h s bn ca thnh hnh tr theo phng ph|p dc67
3.1.4 i lng b sung68
3.1.5 Chiu d{y th}n th|p..68
3.2 Tnh iu kin cc ng dn ..69
3.2.1 iu kin cc ng chy truyn.69
3.2.2 iu kin ng dn hn hp u ca th|p.70
3.2.3 iu kin ng dn hn trong nh th|p70
3.2.4 iu kin ng dn sn phm |y..71
3.2.5 iu kin ng dn hi ngng t hi lu..72
3.2.6 i kin ng dn hi sn phm |y hi lu.73
3.3 Tnh |y v{ np thit b.73
3.4 Chn mt bch.76

3.4.1 Chn mt bch ni thn thp v np th|p.76



3.4.2 Chn mt bch ni ng dn thit b..76
3.5 Tnh v chn gi| , tai tro77
3.5.1 Tnh khi lng ton b th|p77
PHN IV: TNH TON THIT B PH..83
4.1 Tnh ton thit b gia nhit hn hp u..83
4.1.1 Tnh hiu s nhit trung bnh83
4.1.2 Tnh lng nhit trao i..84
4.1.3 Tnh h s cp khi
4.2 Tnh bm v{ thng cao v..91
4.2.1 Tnh cc tr lc 92
4.2.2 Tnh chiu cao thng cao v so vi a tip liu..100
4.2.3 Tnh v chn bm101
PHN V: KT LUN CHUNG
PHN VI: TI LIU THAM KHO ..103



Li Cm n
Chng ta ang sng trong nn kinh t hu cng nghip hay cn gi l
kinh t mi, nn kinh t tri thc. c trng ch yu ca nn kinh t ny l
s xut hin ca cc ngnh cng ngh cao, cng ngh t ng ha v{ ngi
my, cng ngh thng tin, cng ngh vt liu mi Trong ng{nh cng ngh
vt liu mi khng th khng nhc ti ngnh cng ngh ha hc, bi cng
ngh ha hc thuc nghnh cng ngh i hi k thut cao, mc pht
trin khoa hc ca mt t nc.
Khi m khoa hc k thut cng pht trin, nhu cu v dng phng tin
phc v cng ln th i hi n sn phm ha hc cng nhiu. Nhn thy
r s pht trin nh v b~o ca ngnh cng ngh ha hc vi li t duy
nhy bn v sng to, khoa Cng Ngh Ha trng i Hc Cng Nghip H
Ni ~ {o to ra nhng sinh vin chuyn ng{nh ha. iu khng ch
cung cp cho t nc i ng nhng cng nhn lnh ngh, nhng th k
thut c tay ngh cao m n cn m ra c hi vic lm cho gii tr trong
lnh vc kh mi m ny.
L mt sinh vin khoa Cng Ngh Ha ca trng, chng em ~ c trang
b rt nhiu nhng kin thc c bn v cc qu trnh thit b ca cng ngh
sn xut nhng sn phm ha hc, cng c nhng kin thc ~ hc, cng
nh pht huy trnh c lp sng to gii quyt mt vn c th ca
sinh vin trong thc t sn xut, chinh v vy khi c nhn bn n qu
trnh thit b ny l mt c hi tt cho chng em c tm hiu v cc
qu trnh cng ngh, c vn dng nhng kin thc ~ c hc v m



rng vn kin thc ca mnh, t cho chng em c|i nhn c th hn v
ngnh ngh mnh ~ la chn.
Bn n ny khng ch lm sng t thm l thuyt, nm vng phng
php tnh ton v nguyn l vn hnh thit b, m{ }y chnh l{ mt c hi
tt sinh vin tp dt gii quyt nhng vn c th trong thc t sn
xut.
ho{n th{nh c bn n ny em xin gi li c|m n ch}n th{nh nht
n cc thy c khoa Cng Ngh Ha, c bit l thy gio Nguyn Th Hu
~ gi{nh cho chng em s u ~i c bit, tn tnh hng dn, ch bo, to
iu kin thun li cho chng em l{m n.
Do thi gian v kin thc bn thn em cn hn ch nn bn n khng
trnh khi nhng thiu st em rt mong nhn c s gp , nhng li
nhn xt v sa cha ca thy c bn n ca em c hon chnh
hn.
Mt ln na em xin chn thnh cm n!



Li Ni u
Ngy nay cng vi s pht trin ca khoa hc k thut, nn cng
nghip ~ mang li cho con ngi nhng li ch v cng to ln v vt cht
v tinh thn. n}ng cao i sng nh}n d}n, ha nhp chung vi s pht
trin chung ca c|c nc trong khu vc cng nh trn th gii ng v Nh
nc ta ~ ra mc tiu cng nghip ha v hin i ha t nc.
Trong tin trnh cng nghip ha hin i ha t nc nhng nghnh
mi nhn nh cng ngh thng tin, cng ngh sinh hc, cng ngh in t
t ng hacng ngh ha gi vai tr quan trng trong vic sn xut cc
sn phm phc v cho nn kinh t quc dn, to tin cho nhiu ngnh
khc pht trin.
Khi kinh t pht trin th nhu cu ca con ngi ng{y c{ng tng. Do vy
cc sn phm cng i hi cao hn, a dng hn, phong ph hn, theo
cng ngh sn xut cng phi nng cao. Trong cng ngh ha hc ni chung
vic s dng ha cht c tinh khit cao l yu t cn bn to ra sn phm
c cht lng cao. C nhiu phng ph|p kh|c nhau l{m tng nng ,
tinh khit nh: chng luyn, chng ct, c c, trch ly. Ty vo tnh cht
ca h m ta la chn phng php thch hp.



Phn I: GII THIU CHUNG
I. L THUYT V CHNG LUYN:
1) Phng php chng luyn:
Chng luyn l mt phng ph|p nhm phn tch mt hn hp kh
~ ha lng da trn bay hi tng i khc nhau gia cc cu t thnh
phn cng mt p sut.
Phng ph|p chng luyn ny l mt qu| trnh trong hn hp c
bc hi v{ ngng t nhiu ln. Kt qu cui cng nh th|p ta thu c
mt hn hp gm hu ht cc cu t d bay hi v{ nng t yu cu.
Phng ph|p chng luyn cho hiu sut phn tch cao, v vy n c s
dng nhiu trong thc t.
Da trn c|c phng ph|p chng luyn lin tc, ngi ta a ra nhiu
thit b ph}n t|ch a dng nh th|p chp, th|p a l khng c ng chy
truyn, th|p a l c ng chy truyn, th|p m Cng vi cc thit b ta
c c|c phng ph|p chng ct l:
a. p sut lm vic:
- Chng ct p sut thp.
- Chng ct p sut thng.
- Chng ct p sut cao.
Nguyn tc ca phng ph|p n{y l{ da trn nhit si ca cc cu
t: nu nhit si ca cc cu t qu cao th gim p sut lm vic gim
nht si ca cc cu t.
b. Nguyn l lm vic: c th lm vic theo nguyn l lin tc hoc
gi|n on:
-Chng gi|n on: phng ph|p n{y c s dng khi:
Nhit si ca cc cu t khc xa nhau.
Khng cn i hi sn phm c tinh khit cao
Tch hn hp lng ra khi tp cht khng bay hi.
T|ch s b hn hp nhiu cu t.



- Chng lin tc: l{ qu| trnh c thc hin lin tc nghch
dng v nhiu on.



1.1.2. Thit b chng luyn:
Trong sn xut thng s dng rt nhiu loi th|p kh|c nhau nhng
chng u c mt yu cu c bn l din tch tip xc b mt pha ln.
Th|p chng luyn phong ph v kch c v ng dng. Cc thp ln
thng c s dng trong cng ngh lc ha du. ng knh thp ph
thuc v{o lng pha lng v{ lng pha kh, tinh khit ca sn phm. Mi
loi th|p chng li c cu to ring, c u im v{ nhc im khc nhau,
vy ta phi chn loi thp no cho ph hp vi hn hp cu t cn chng
v tnh ton kch c ca tht b cho ph hp vi yu cu.
Trong |n n{y em c giao thit k th|p chng luyn lin tc loi
th|p a l c ng chy truyn phn tch hn hp hai cu t l{ Nc
Metylic, ch l vic p sut thng vi hn hp u vo nhit si.
2. GII THIU V HN HP C CHNG LUYN:
2.1 Nc( H2O):

Nc l mt hp cht ha hc ca oxy v hidro, c cng thc ha hc l
H2O. Vi cc tnh cht l ha c bit (v d nh tnh lng cc, lin kt
hir v tnh bt thng ca khi lng ring) nc l mt cht rt quan
trng trong nhiu ngnh khoa hc v{ trong i sng; 70% din tch ca Tri
t c nc che ph nhng ch 0,3% tng lng nc trn Tr|i t nm
trong cc ngun c th khai th|c dng l{m nc ung
o Cu to:
Phn t nc bao gm hai nguyn t hidro v mt nguyn t oxy. V mt
hnh hc th phn t nc c gc lin kt l 104,45. Do cc cp in t t



do chim nhiu ch nn gc ny sai lch i so vi gc l tng ca hnh t
din. Chiu di ca lin kt O-H l 96,84 picomet

o Tnh lng cc:
Oxy c }m in cao hn hidro. Vic cu to thnh hnh ba gc v vic tch
in tng phn khc nhau ca cc nguyn t ~ dn n cc tnh dng
cc nguyn t hir v{ cc tnh m nguyn t oxy, gy ra s lng cc.
Da trn hai cp in t n c ca nguyn t xy, l thuyt VSEPR ~
gii thch s sp xp thnh gc ca hai nguyn t hir, vic to thnh m
men lng cc v v vy m{ nc c cc tnh cht c bit. V phn t nc
c tch in tng phn khc nhau nn mt s sng in t nht nh nh
sng cc ngn c kh nng l{m cho c|c ph}n t nc dao ng, dn n
vic nc c un nng. Hin tng n{y c p dng ch to l vi
sng.
- Cc phn t nc tng t|c ln nhau thng qua lin kt hir
v nh vy c lc ht phn t ln. }y khng phi l mt lin
kt bn vng. Lin kt ca cc phn t nc thng qua lin kt
hidro ch tn ti trong mt phn nh ca mt gi}y, sau c|c
phn t nc tch ra khi lin kt ny v lin kt vi cc phn
t nc khc.
- ng knh nh ca nguyn t hidro ng vai tr quan trng
cho vic to thnh cc lin kt hidro, bi v ch c nh vy
nguyn t hidro mi c th n gn nguyn t oxy mt chng
mc y . Cc cht tng ng ca nc, th d nh
dihidro sulfua (H2S), khng to thnh cc lin kt tng t v



hiu s in tch qu nh gia cc phn lin kt. Vic to chui
ca cc phn t nc thng qua lin kt cu ni hidro l
nguyn nhn cho nhiu tnh cht c bit ca nc, th d nh
nc mc d c khi lng mol nh vo khong 18 g/mol vn
th lng trong iu kin tiu chun. Ngc li, H2S tn ti
dng kh cng trong nhng iu kin n{y. Nc c khi lng
ring nh nht 4 Celcius v nh v{o m{ bng | c th
ni ln trn mt nc; hin tng n{y c gii thch nh vo
lin kt cu ni hiro.
o Lin kt hiro:

o Cc tnh cht ha l ca nc:
- Cu to ca phn t nc to nn cc lin kt hir gia cc
phn t l{ c s cho nhiu tnh cht ca nc. Cho n nay mt
s tnh cht ca nc vn cn l{ c}u cho cc nh nghin cu
mc d nc ~ c nghin cu t lu.
- Nhit nng chy v nhit si ca nc ~ c Anders
Celsius dng l{m hai im mc cho bch phn Celcius. C
th, nhit nng chy ca nc l{ 0 Celcius, cn nhit
si (760 mm Hg) bng 100 Celcius. Nc ng bng c
gi l nc |. Nc ~ ha hi c gi l hi nc. Nc c
nhit si tng i cao nh lin kt hir
- Di p sut bnh thng nc c khi lng ring (t trng)
cao nht l 4 C: 1 g/cm l{ v nc vn tip tc gin n



khi nhit gim xung di 4 C. iu n{y khng c quan
st bt k mt cht n{o kh|c. iu n{y c ngha l{: Vi nhit
trn 4 C, nc c c tnh ging mi vt khc l nng n,
lnh co; nhng vi nhit di 4 C, nc li lnh n, nng
co. Do hnh th c bit ca phn t nc (vi gc lin kt
104,45), khi b lm lnh cc phn t phi di xa ra to lin
kt tinh th lc gic m. V vy m t trng ca nc | nh hn
nc th lng.
- Khi ng lnh di 4 C, cc phn t nc phi di xa ra to
lin kt tinh th lc gic m.
- Nc l mt dung mi tt nh vo tnh lng cc. Cc hp cht
phn cc hoc c tnh ion nh axt, ru v mui u d tan
trong nc. Tnh ha tan ca nc ng vai tr rt quan trng
trong sinh hc v nhiu phn ng ha sinh ch xy ra trong
dung dch nc.
- Nc tinh khit khng dn in. Mc d vy, do c tnh ha tan
tt, nc hay c tp cht pha ln, thng l cc mui, to ra cc
ion t do trong dung dch nc cho php dng in chy qua.
- V mt ha hc, nc l mt cht lng tnh, c th phn ng
nh mt axit hay baz. 7 pH (trung tnh) h{m lng cc ion
hydroxyt (OH
-
) cn bng vi h{m lng ca hydronium (H3O
+
).
Khi phn ng vi mt axit mnh hn th d nh HCl, nc phn
ng nh mt cht kim:

-
HCl + H2O H3O
+
+ Cl
-

- Vi ammoniac nc li phn ng nh mt axit:

- NH3 + H2O NH4
+
+ OH
-

1.2 METYLIC( CH3OH):
a-Tnh cht vt l
1.Tnh cht l hc:
Ru mtylic l cht lng khng mu,tan v hn trong nc c mi v
c trng , rt c , ch mt lng nh xm nhp v{o c th cng c th gy
m la ,lng ln gy t vong.



-Nhit si p sut kh quyn t0s = 64,5
o
C
- Khi lng ring 20
o
C
= 791,7 Kg/m
3

- nht 20
o
C
= 0,6.10
3
N.s/m2 =0,6 cp
-H s dn nhit 20
o
C
= 0,179kcal/m.h. = 0,2082 W/m.
-Nhit dung ring 20
o
C
CP= 2570 J/kg.
-Nhit ha hi
r = 262,79 kcal/kg 64,5
o
C
-Nhit nng chy:
tnc= -97,8
o
C
2.Tnh cht ha hc:
Ru mtylic c cng thc phn t : CH3OH
cng thc cu to : H

H- C - O- H

H
phn t lng : 32 vC



Trong phn t ru mtylic c 3 loi lin kt : C - H , C - O , O - H ,trong
hai lin kt sau l lin kt cng ha tr phn cc , l{ do }m in ca
O ln hn ca C v H nn trong c hai lin kt cp electron gp chung
u lch v pha O lm cho nguyn t H tr nn linh ng hn.Ru
mtylic c kh nng tham gia c|c phn ng sau:
- lm ph v lin kt C-OH vi s t|ch i ca nhm -OH
- lm ph v lin kt _-O-H vi s t|ch i ca -H.
- b oxy ha th{nh fomanhit :
CH
3
OH + CuOHCHO + Cu
Ru mtylic c ng dng sn xut anhitfomic l{m nguyn liu cho
cng ngh cht do

2. V v thuyt minh dy chuyn sn xut:
2.1 Dy chuyn sn xut:

H
t
N
-
c

n
g
-
n
g
1
2
3
4
5
10
6
7
8
9
H
t
N- c l nh
N- c
N- c ngng
11
11
N- c l nh
N- c



Hnh 1.1. S dy chuyn cng ngh chng luyn lin tc

CH THCH:
1. Thng cha hn hp u 7. Thit b lm lnh sn phm
nh
2. Bm 8. Thng cha sn phm nh
3. Thng cao v 9. Thit b gia nhit |y th|p
4. Thit b gia nhit hn hp
u
10. Thng cha sn phm |y
5. Th|p chng luyn 11. Thit b th|o nc ngng
6. Thit b ngng t hi lu

THUYT MINH:
Dung dch u thng (1) c bm (2) bm lin tc ln thng cao v
(3), mc cht lng cao nht thng cao v c khng ch nh ng chy
trn, t thng cao v dung dch c a v{o thit b un nng (4) qua lu
lng k (11), }y dung dch c un nng n nhit si bng hi
nc bo ho, t thit bi gia nhit (4) dung dch c a v{o th|p chng
luyn (5) nh a tip liu, trong th|p hi i t di ln gp cht nng i t
trn xung, nhit v nng cc cu t thay i theo chiu cao ca thp.



V vy hi t a pha di ln a pha trn, c|c cu t c nhit si cao
s c ngng t li v cui cng trn nh ta thu c hn hp gm hu
ht cc cu t d bay hi. Hi i v{o thit b ngng t hi lu (6), }y
n c ngng t li.
Mt phn cht lng i qua thit b lm lnh (7) lm lnh n nhit
cn thit ri i v{o thng cha sn phm nh (8), mt phn khc hi
lu v thp a trn cng.
Cht lng i t trn xung gp hi c nhit cao hn, mt phn cu
t c nhit si thp c bc hi v{ do nng cu t kh bay hi
trong cht lng ng{y c{ng tng v{ cui cng |y th|p ta thu dc hn hp
lng gm hu ht l cu t kh bay hi. Cht lng i ra khi th|p c lm
lnh ri i v{o thng cha sn phm |y (10). Nh vy vi thit b lm vic
lin tc th hn hp u c a v{o lin tc v sn phm cng c tho
ra lin tc

PHN II: TNH TON THIT B CHNH

2.1 Tnh ton cn bng vt liu ton thit b:
o K hiu c|c i lng nh sau:
F : lng nguyn liu u (kmol/h)
P : lng sn phm nh (kmol/h)
W: lng sn phm |y (kmol/h)
xF: nng phn mol ca cu t d bay hi trong hn hp u
xP: nng phn mol ca cu t d bay hi trong sn phm nh
xW: nng phn mol ca cu t d bay hi trong sn phm |y.
o Gi thit:
+ S mol pha hi i t di ln l bng nhau trong tt c mi tit din
ca thp.
+ S mol cht lng khng thay i theo chiu cao on chng v{ on
luyn.
+ Hn hp u i v{o th|p nhit si.
+ Cht lng ngng t trong thit b ngng t c thnh phn bng thnh
phn ca hi i ra nh thp.
+ Cp nhit |y th|p bng hi t gin tip.



o Yu Cu thit b:
F: Nng sut thit b tnh theo hn hp u = 9988,7kg/gi
Thit b lm vic p sut thng (P = 1 at)
Th|p chng loi: th|p a l c ng chy truyn.
o iu kin:
aF : Nng nc trong hn hp u = 32,7% (phn khi lng)
aP: Nng nc trong sn phm nh = 92,2% (phn khi lng)
aW: Nng nc trong sn phm |y = 1% (phn khi lng)
MA: Khi lng phn t ca nc = 18 (kg/kmol)
MB: Khi lng phn t ca metylic = 32 (kg/kmol)
o i t phn khi lng sang phn mol:

x

F =
a

F/M

A
a

F/M

A+(100-a

F)/M

B
=

= 0,463 (phn mol)
x

P=
a

P / M

A
a

P / M

A + (100 - a

P) / M

B
=

= 0,954 (phn mol)
x

W =
a

W / M

A
a

W / M

A + (100 - a

W) / M

B
=

= 0,0176 (phn mol)

o Tnh khi lng mol trung bnh:

p dng cng thc: M = x.M

A + (1 - x).M

B
Ta c :

MF= 0,463.18 + ( 1- 0,463).32= 25,518 (kg / kmol)

MP= 0,954.18 + (1- 0,954).32= 18,644 (kg / kmol)

Mw= 0,0176.18 + (1- 0,0176).32= 31,7536 (kg / kmol)



2.2 Cn bng vt liu :

Hn hp u v{o F (nc metylic) c phn tch thnh sn phm
nh P (nc), v sn phm |y W ( metylic ). a trn cng c 1 lng
lng hi lu, |y th|p c thit b un si. Lng hi i ra nh thp Do.

Hnh 2.1. S h thng chng

Phng trnh c}n bng vt liu:
G

F = G

P + G

W
Trong :
- G

F l{ lng hn hp u i v{o th|p (kg / h)
- G

P l{ lng sn phm nh (kg / h)
- G

W l{ lng sn phm |y (kg / h)
Phng trnh c}n bng vt liu cho cu t d bay hi (H2O):
G

F.aF = G

P.aP + G

W.aW
Theo bi:
-Lng hn hp u:
DU
D0
F,xF
D,yD
P,xP
L0
LU
W,xW



GF= 9988,7kg/gi=
= 391,437 ( kmol/ h)
-Lng sn phm nh:
Gp =G

F .
a

F - a

W
a

P - a

W
= 9988,7.
= 3471,95 ( kg/h)

==>GP=
= 186,223 (kmol/h)
-Lng sn phm |y:

G

W = F.
a

P - a

F
a

P - a

W
= 9988,7.
=6516,75 (kmol/h)
- GW=
= 205,229 ( kmol/h)

2.1. Tnh ch s hi lu ti thiu:

T s liu bng IX.2a (S tay QT&TBCNHC-2 trang 150) ta c thnh phn
cn bng lng hi ca nc metylic c cho theo bng sau :

T bng s liu trn ta v c th y - x, t x|c nh c ch s hi
lu ti thiu:

x 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
y 0 26,8 41,8 57,9 66,5 72,9 77,9 82,5 87 91,5 95,8 100
t 100 92,3 87 ,7 81,7 78 75,3 73,1 71,2 69,3 67,6 66 64,5



Vi gi tr x

F = 0,463 ta k ng song song vi trc y v ct ng
cn bng, t ta k ng song song vi trc x ct trc y ti B v ta xc
nh c gi tr y
*
F

= 0,7614. T ta tnh c R

min:

R

min =
x

P - y
*
F
y
*
F

- x

F

=
= 0,6454

2.1.3.Tnh ch s hi lu thch hp:
Ch s hi lu l{m vic thng c x|c nh thng qua ch s hi lu
ti thiu:
min
. R R | =
Trong : : h s d hay h s hiu chnh.
Tnh gn ng ta ly ch s hi lu l{m vic bng:
min
(1, 2 2, 5). R R =

XF X
Xw



Ta bit Rmin, cho bin thin bt k trong khong (1,22,5), tnh c
R tng ng. mi R tng ng ta v ng lm vic v v cc bc thay
i nng l thuyt N.
Di }y l{ c|c th x|c nh s a l thuyt trn c s ng cn
bng,
P
x ,
F
x ,
W
x . ng lm vic on luyn i qua im (
P
x ,
P
y ) v ct trc
tung ti im c tung B =
x

P
R + 1
, ng lm vic on chng i qua giao
im ca ng lm vic on luyn vi ng
F
x const = v{ im (
W
x ,
W
y ).
V c|c tam gi|c nh hnh ta thu c s a l thuyt.



|1 = 1,2; R= |.R

min = 0,77448; B = 0,5376; N =13
Hnh 2.1. th y x x|c nh s a l thuyt
XF X
Xw



|2 = 1,4; R= |.R

min = 0,90355; B = 0,501; N = 11

XF X
Xw



|3 = 1,6; R= |.R

min = 1,03264; B = 0,4693; N = 10

XF X Xw



|4 = 1,8; R= |.R

min = 1,16172; B = 0,4413; N = 9

XF X
Xw



|5 = 2,0; R= |.R

min = 1,2908; B = 0,4164; N = 8

XF X
Xw



|6 = 2,1; R= |.R

min = 1,35534; B = 0,405; N = 8

XF X Xw



|7 = 2,2; R= |.R

min = 1,41988; B = 0,394; N = 8

XF X
Xw



|8 = 2,3; R= |.R

min = 1,48442; B = 0,384; N = 8

XF X
Xw



|9 = 2,4; R= |.R

min = 1,54896; B = 0,374; N = 8

XF X
Xw



|10 = 2,5; R= |.R

min = 1,6135; B = 0,365; N = 8

XF X
Xw



| 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2,0
R 0,77448 0,90335 1,03264 1,16172 1,2908
B 0,5376 0,501 0,4693 0,4413 0,4164
N 13 11 10 9 8
N.(R+1) 23,06824 20,93685 20,3264 19,45548 18,3264

| 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5
R 1,35534 1,41988 1,48442 1,54896 1,6135
B 0,405 0,394 0,384 0,374 0,365
N 8 8 8 8 8
N.(R+1) 18,84272 19,35904 19,87536 20,39168 20,908

Thit lp quan h N(R+1) R (hnh 12) ta x|c nh c Rth ti gi tr
nh nht ca N(R+1). Kt qu c Rth = 0,4164 ti | = 2,0.

2.1.4.S a l thuyt.
Vi Rth = 0,4164 x|c nh c s a l thuyt Nlt = 8
Trong : S a on chng l{ 3
S a on luyn l 5



2.1.5.Phng trnh ng nng lm vic:
Phng trnh ng nng lm vic on luyn:
1 1
P
x R
y x
R R
= +
+ +

Thay s ta c:
y =
x +
=> y =0,294x + 0,6735

Phng trnh ng nng lm vic on chng:
y =
R + f
R + 1
x -
f - 1
R + 1
x

W
Trong :
f =
G

F
G

P
=

= 2,1019
Thay s ta c:
y =
x-
xw
=> y= 6,0477x- 0,7779xw
2.2. TNH NG KNH THP
ng knh th|p c x|c nh theo cng thc:
4
( )
.3600.
tb
tb
V
D m
t e
=

Hay:
0, 0188 ( )
tb
y y tb
g
D m
( ) e
=

Trong :
Vtb: lng hi kh trung bnh i trong th|p (m
3
/h)
tb: tc hi (kh) trung bnh i trong th|p (m/s)
gtb: lng hi (kh) trung bnh i trong th|p (kg/h)



y y tb
( ) e : tc hi (kh) trung bnh i trong th|p (kg/m
3
.s)
2.2.1.Lng hi trung bnh cc dng pha i trong thp.

V lng hi v{ lng lng thay i theo chiu cao thp v khc nhau
trong mi on cho nn phi tnh lng hi trung bnh cho tng on

Hnh 2.18. x|c nh lng hi trung bnh i trong th|p chng luyn

a.Xc nh lng hi trung bnh i trong on luyn:
Lng hi trung bnh i trong on luyn c th tnh gn ng bng
trung bnh cng ca lng hi i ra khi a trn cng ca th|p v{ lng
hi i v{o a di cng ca on luyn:



1
2
d
tbL
g g
g
+
=

Trong :
gtbL: lng hi (kh) trung bnh i trong on luyn (kg/h hay kmol/h)
g: lng hi i ra khi a trn cng ca thp (kg/h hay kmol/h)
g1: lng hi i v{o a di cng ca on luyn (kg/h hay kmol/h)
Lng hi ra khi thp g:
g = GR + GP =GP(R + 1)
Trong :
GP: lng sn phm nh (P): GP = 3471,95 (kg /h)
GR: lng hi lu: GR = GP.R(kg/h) = 3471,95 .0,4164 =1445,7(kg/h)
Suy ra:
g = GP(R + 1) =3471,95.(0,4164 + 1) = 4917,03 (kg/h)
Lng hi i v{o on luyn: lng hi g1, h{m lng hi y1, v{ lng
lng G1 i vi a th nht ca on luyn c x|c nh theo h phng
trnh ca cn bng vt liu v cn bng nhit lng sau:

1 1 P
1 1 1 1 P P
1 1
g G G
g G x G x
g r g r
d d
y
= +
= +
(*)
Trong c|c phng trnh trn coi x1 = a

F (phn khi lng)
r1: m nhit ha hi i v{o a luyn th nht (kcal/mol)
r: m nhit ha hi ca hn hp i ra khi nh thp (kcal/mol)
r1 = rA.y1 + (1- y1). rB
r = rA.y + (1- y). rB
y = yP (phn khi lng)
rA: m nhit ha hi ca nc
rB: m nhit ha hi ca metylic
X|c nh m nhit ha hi ca hn hp i ra khi nh thp:



T s liu bng IX.2a (S tay QT&TBCNHC-2 trang 150) ta x|c nh
c:
nhit si ca hn hp u tF =73,8
0
C ng vi yF = xF = 0,463
nhit si ca hn hp nh tP =64.92
0
C ng vi yP = xP =0,954,
nhit si ca sn phm |y tW =100
0
C ng vi yW = xW =0,0176 .
X|c nh m nhit ha hi ca hn hp i ra khi nh thp:
p dng cng thc ni suy:
r

A = r

1 +
r

2 - r

1
t

2 - t

1
(t

P -t

1)

X|c nh m nhit ha hi ca hn hp i v{o a luyn th nht:
Ni suy theo bng I.212 i vi nc bng I.213 i vi metylic (S tay
QT&TBCNHC-T1) vi tF = 73,8
0
C ta c:
r

A = 579 +
539 - 579
100 - 60
(73,8 - 60) =565,2 (kcal/kg)
r

B = 265 +
(73,8- 90) = 257,065 (kcal/kg)

QT&TBCNHC-T1) vi tp = 64,92
0
C ta c:
r

A = 574,08 (kcal/kg); r

B =262,171 (kcal/kg)
r

= r

A.y

+ (1 - y

)r

B = 549,75

Suy ra:
r

1 = r

A.y

1 + (1 - y

1).r

B = 565,2.y

1 + (1 - y

1).257,065
= 257,065 + 308,135.y

1 (kcal.kg)
Thay r1, GP , x1, xP, g, r vo h (*), v gii ra ta c:
G1=2284,59(kg/h)
g1=5756,54(kg/h)
y1=0,686
r1=468,44(kcal/kg)



- Lng hi trung bnh i trong on luyn:
g

tbL =
g

+ g

1
2
=
= 5336,785 (kg/h)

- Lng lng trung bnh i trong on luyn:
G

tbL =
G

R + G

1
2
=
= 1865,145 (kg/h)
b.Xc nh lng hi trung bnh i trong on chng:
Lng hi trung bnh i trong on chng c x|c nh gn ng
bng trung bnh cng ca lng hi i ra khi on chng v{ lng hi i
v{o on chng:
, ,
, 1
2
n
tb
g g
g
+
=

V lng hi i ra khi on chng bng lng hi i v{o on luyn
,
1 n
g g = nn ta c th vit:
,
,
1 1
2
tb
g g
g
+
=

Lng hi i v{o on chng
'
1
g , lng lng G1, v{ h{m lng lng
'
1
x
c x|c nh theo h phng trnh c}n bng vt liu v cn bng nhit
lng sau:
' '
1 1
' ' '
1 1 1
' ' ' '
1 1 1 1
. . .
. . .
W
W W W
n n
G g G
G x g y G x
g r g r g r
= +
= +
= =
(**)
Trong :
'
1 W
y y = ; tm theo ng cn bng ng vi xW =0,0176 (phn mol) ta
c y

W = 0,18 (phn mol)
i yW t phn mol sang phn khi lng:



y

W =
()
=0,109 (phn khi lng)

'
1
r : m nhit ha hi ca hn hp i v{o a th nht ca on chng
' ' '
1 1 1
. (1 ).
A B
r r y y r = +

'
n
r : m nhit ha hi ca hn hp i v{o a trn cng ca on chng
' ' '
. (1 ).
n A n n B
r r y y r = +

X|c nh m nhit ha hi ca hn hp i v{o a th nht ca on
chng
QT&TBCNHC-T1) vi tw = 100
0
C ta c:
r

A = 539(kcal/kg)
rB= 242( kcal/kg)
Suy ra:
r

1
= r

A.y

1
+ (1 -y

1
). r

B = 539.0,109 + (1 - 0,109).242=274,373(kcal/kg)
Thay
'
1
r , GW , x1, xW, r1, g

1 vo h (**), v gii ra ta c:
G
1=16344,95(kg/h)
g
1=9828,203( kh/h)
x
1= 0,0698
- Lng hi trung bnh i trong on chng l{:
g

tbC =
g

1 + g

1
2
=
= 7792,37(kg/h)
- Lng lng trung bnh i trong on chng l:
G

tbC =
(G

1 + G

F) + G

1
2
=
()

= 14309,12(kg/h
2.2.2.Khi lng ring trung bnh
a.Tnh khi lng ring trung bnh ca on luyn:
- Khi lng ring trung bnh ca on luyn i vi pha hi:



| |
3
(1 )
273( / )
22, 4.
tbA A tbB B
ytb
y M y M
kg m
T
+
=

T: nhit lm vic trung bnh ca thp (
0
K)
ytbA :nng phn mol ca cu t A tnh theo gi tr trung bnh
i y1 sang nng phn mol:
y1=
()
=0,795
y

tbAL
=
y

dA + y

cA
2
=
y

1 + x

P
2
=
= 0,8745(phn mol)
Vi yA, ycA: nng ti 2 u on luyn (phn mol)

Ni suy t bng s liu IX.2a - T2 vi ytbA = 0,8745 c tytb = 69
0
C

Suy ra khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha hi i vi on luyn l

ytbL =
(())
()
.273 = 0,704(kg/m
3
)
- Khi lng ring trung bnh ca on luyn i vi pha lng:

3
1 1
( / )
tbA tbB
xtb xtbA xtbB
a a
kg m

= +

Trong :
xtb: khi lng ring trung bnh trong pha lng (kg/m
3
)
xtbA, xtbB: khi lng ring trung bnh trong pha lng i vi cu t
A,B ly theo nhit trung bnh (kg/m
3
)
atbA: phn khi lng trung bnh ca cu t A trong pha lng
a

tbA =
a

F + a

P
2
=
= 0,6245 (phn khi lng)

x

tbA =
x

F + x

P
2
=
= 0,7085(phn mol)



Ni suy t bng s liu IX.2a - T2 vi xtbA = 0,7085 c txtb = 69
0
C
Khi lng ring trung bnh trong pha lng i vi cu t A:

xtbA = 983 +
(69-60) = 987,95(kg/m
3
)
Khi lng ring trung bnh trong pha lng i vi cu t B:

xtbB = 752 +
.(69-60) = 759,65 (kg/m

3
)
Vy khi lng ring trung bnh ca on luyn i vi pha lng:

1

xtbL
=
=1,126.10
-3
=>

xtbL =888,099(kg/m
3
)

b.Tnh khi lng ring trung bnh ca on chng
- Khi lng ring trung bnh ca on chng i vi pha hi:
| |
3
(1 )
273( / )
22, 4.
tbA A tbB B
ytb
y M y M
kg m
T
+
=

T: nhit lm vic trung bnh ca thp (
0
K)
ytbA :nng phn mol ca cu t A tnh theo gi tr trung bnh
y

tbAC =
y

A + y

cA
2
=
y

W + y

1
2
=
=0,4875
Vi yA, ycA: nng ti 2 u on chng (phn mol)
Ni suy t bng IX.2a - T2 vi ytbA = 0,4875 c tytb = 84,375
0
C
Suy ra khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha hi i vi on chng l{:

ytbC =
()
()
.273 = 0,8585(kg/m
3
)
- Khi lng ring trung bnh ca on chng i vi pha lng:
3
1 1
( / )
tbA tbA
xtb xtbA xtbB
a a
kg m

= +

Trong :



xtb: khi lng ring trung bnh trong pha lng (kg/m
3
)
xtbA, xtbB: khi lng ring trung bnh trong pha lng i vi cu t
A,B ly theo nhit trung bnh (kg/m
3
)
atbA: phn khi lng trung bnh ca cu t A trong pha lng
a

tbA =
a

F + a

W
2
=
=0,1685 (phn khi lng)

Vi:
a

1 = x

1
= 0,0698 (phn khi lng)

x

1
()
=0,1177(phn mol)
x

tbA =
x

F + x

1
2
=
=0,29035( phn mol)

Ni suy t bng IX.2a - T2 ng vi xtbA = 0,29035 c txtb = 78,3
0
C
Ni suy t bng I.2a - T1 ng vi txtb = 78,3
0
C c:

Khi lng ring trung bnh trong pha lng i vi cu t A:

xtbA =983+
(78,3-60)=993,065(kg/m
3
)

Khi lng ring trung bnh trong pha lng i vi cu t B:

xtbB =756+
(78,3-60)= 774,3(kg/m
3
)
Vy khi lng ring trung bnh ca on chng i vi pha lng:

xtbC =(
)
-1

=>

xtbC = 804,149 (kg/m
3
)

2.2.3. Vn tc hi i trong thp



Tc hi trong th|p a c x|c nh theo cng thc:
0, 05 .
x
gh
y
=

Trong :
gh: tc gii hn trn (m/s)
Tc hi trong on luyn:

ghL = 0,05 .

xtbL

ytbL
=
=1,77588(m/s)
trnh to bt ta ly tc lm vic khong (8090%)gh
Ta ly 80% => lv = 0,8.1,77588 = 1,420704 (m/s)
Tc hi trong on chng:

ghC = 0,05 .

xtbC

ytbC
= 0,05
=1,53(m/s)
lv = 0,8.1,53=1,224(m/s)
2.2.4. Tnh ng knh thp
a. ng knh on luyn:
Lng hi trung bnh: gytbL =1865,145 (kg/h)
Khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha hi:

ytbL =0,704(kg/m
3
)
Vy ng knh on luyn l:
D

L = 0,0188 .
g

ytbL
(

y

y)

tbL
= 0,0188 .
=0,81(m)
Quy chun ng knh on luyn l D

L = 0,8 (m)

Th li iu kin thc t :
T D

L = 0,8 =>

L = 1,463 (m/s)



ghL
=
= 0,822 (tha mn)

b. ng knh on chng
Lng hi trung bnh: gytbC = 7792,37 (kg/h)
Khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha hi:

ytbC = 0,8585 (kg/m
3
)
Vy ng knh on chng l{:
D

C = 0,0188
g

ytbC
(

y

y)

tbC
= 0,0188
=1,61(m)
Quy chun ng knh on chng l{ D = 1,6 (m)
Th li iu kin thc t:
T D

C = 1,6 =>

C = 1,253 (m/s)

ghC
=
=0,818( tha mn)

2.3. TNH CHIU CAO THP
2.3.1. H s khuch tn
a. H s khuch tn trong pha lng (Dx)
- H s khuch tn trong pha lng 20
0
C:
D

x
25
=
1.10
-6
.
1
M

1
+
1
M

2
AB.

B.(v

A
1/3
+ v

B
1/3
)
(m
2
/s) (SBT II - trang 127)
Trong :
A, B: H s lin hp ca cht tan nc v dung mi metylic : A= 1; B =1

B : nht ca dung mi metylic 25
0
C (cP), ni suy t bng I.101 -
s tay QT&TBCNHC - T1 ta c

metylic=1,78+
(25-20)=1,94(Cp)
V

A, V

B : Th tch mol ca nc v metylic (cm
3
/mol)
Tra bng VIII.2 - T2, ta c th tch nguyn t ca :



C = 14,8; H = 3,7; O =7,4
Cng thc phn t ca axit propionic l CH4O, ca nc l H

2O
V

A = 18,9 (cm
3
/mol); V

B = 37 (cm
3
/mol)
D

x
25
=
((
)
=7,0233.10
-9
(m
2
/s)

- H s khuch tn nhit x|c nh t:
D

x
t
= D

x
25
[1 + b.(t - 20]
H s nhit :
b =
0,2.
3

: Khi lng ring ca dung mi 25
o
C (kg/m
3
)
Ni suy t bng I.2 - S tay QT&TBCHHC - T 1 ta c:

axitpropionic,25
o
C
=792+
(25-20)=796,5(kg/m
3
)
=> b =
=0,03

=>H s khuch tn trong pha lng on luyn: t = t

xtbL = 69
o
C
D

xL = 7,0233.10
-9
[ 1 + 0,03.(69 - 25) = 1,629.10
-8
(m
2
/s)
=>H s khuch tn trong pha lng on chng: t = t

xtbC = 78,3
o
C
DxC = 7,0233.10
-9
[ 1 + 0,03.(78,3 - 25) = 1,825.10
-8
(m
2
/s)

b. H s khuch tn trong pha hi:
D

y =
0,0043.10
-4
.T
1,5
p.(v

A
1/3
+ v

B
1/3
)
2
.
1
M

A
+
1
M

B
(m
2
/s)
Trong :



p: p sut tuyt i ca hn hp: p = p

o = 1 (atm)
T: Nhit tuyt i ca hn hp : T = 273 + t (
o
K)
H s khuch t|n trong pha hi on luyn: t = t

ytbL = 69
o
C
D

yL=
()
=2,23.10
-5-
(m
2
/s)

H s khuch t|n trong pha hi on chng: t = t

ytbC = 84,375
o
C
D

yC =
()
=2,38.10
-5
(m
2
/s)

2.3.2. H s cp khi
a. nht ca hn hp hi:

hh = M

hh.
\
|
.
|
| Y.M

A

A
+
(1 - y).M

B

B
-1

Trong :
y : Nng nc trong pha hi
on luyn c y = y

tbL = 0,8745 ; on chng: y = y

tbC =0,4875

M

hh : Trng lng phn t ca hn hp kh:
on luyn :
M

hhL =
M

yL = y

tbL.M

A + (1 - y

tbL).M

B
= 0,8745.18 + (1- 0,8745).32 = 19,757 (kg/kmol)

on chng
M

hhC =
M

yC = y

tbC.M

A + (1 - y

tbC).M

B
= 0,4875.18 + (1 - 0,4875)32 = 25,175 (kg/kmol)

A,

B : nht ca nc v metylic



on luyn : t = t

tbL = 69
0
C theo to|n I.35 - T1

A = 0,035.10
-3-
(Ns/m
2
) v

B = 0,0312.10
-3
(Ns/m
2
)
on chng: t = t

tbC = 84,375
o
C theo to|n hnh I.35 - T1

A = 0,036.10
-3
(Ns/m
2
) v

B = 0,0315.10
-3
(Ns/m
2
)
=> nht ca hn hp hi on luyn l:

hhL =19,757.(
()
= 3.41510
-5
(Ns/m
2
)
=> nht hn hp hi ca on chng l{:

hhC =25,175.(
()
= 3,29.10
-5-
(Ns/m
2
)

b. nht ca hn hp lng.
lg

hh = x.lg

A + (1 - x).lg

B
Trong :
x : Nng phn mol ca axit propionic trong hn hp:
on luyn c: x = x

tbL = 0,7085; on chng c x = x

tbC = 0,29035

A,

B : nht ng lc ca nc v axit propionic
on luyn: t = t

tbL = 69
o
C ni suy theo bng I.101 - T1:

A = 0,4761 (cP),

B = 0,601 (cP)
on chng c: t = t

tbC = 78,3
o
C ni suy theo bng I.101 i vi nc v
to|n i vi metylic ( S tay QT&TBCNHC - T1) ta c:

A = 0,453(cP) v

B = 0,541 (cP)

=> nht hn hp lng on luyn:
Lg

hh = 0,7085.lg(0,4761) + (1 - 0,7085)lg(0,601) = -0,292

hhL = 0,51 (cP) = 0,51.10
-3
(Ns/m
2
)

nht hn hp lng on chng:
Lg (

hh) = 0,29035 . lg(0,453) + (1 0,29035).lg(0,541) = - 0,289



hhC = 0,514 (cP) = 0,514 .10
-3
(Ns/m
2
)
c. Chun s Reynolt i vi pha hi
Re

y =

y.h.

y

y

Trong :

y : Tc hi tnh cho mt ct t do ca thp (m/s)
h : Kch thc di, chp nhn h = 1 m

y : Khi lng ring trung bnh ca hi (kg/m
3
)

y
: nht trung bnh ca hi (Ns/m
2
)
Chun s Reynolt i vi pha hi on luyn l:
Re

yL =
=30,159.10
3

Chun s Reynolt i vi pha hi on chng l{:
Re

yC =
=32,69.10
3
d. Chun s Prand i vi pha lng:
Pr

x =

x.D

x

Trong :

x : Khi lng ring trung bnh ca lng (kg/m
3
)
D

x : H s khuch tn trung bnh trong pha lng (m
2
/s)

x : nht trung bnh ca lng (Ns/m
2
)
=> Chun s Prand i vi pha lng on luyn l:
Pr

xL =
=35,27
=> Chun s Prand i vi pha lng on chng l{:
Pr

xC =
=35,023
e. H s cp khi trong pha hi
Theo cng thc tnh cho a l c ng chy chuyn (II-164):



y =
D

y
22,4
(0,79.Re

y + 11000)
\
|
.
|
|
kmol
m
2
s.
kmol
kmol

Trong :
D

y : H s khuch t|n trong pha hi (m
2
/s)
Re

y : Chun s Reynolt i vi pha hi.
=> H s cp khi pha hi on luyn l:

yL =
.(0,79.30,159.
+ 11000) = 0,0346
\
|
.
|
|
kmol
m
2
.s
kmol
kmol

=> H s cp khi pha hi on chng l{:

yC =
.(0,79.32,69.10
3
+ 11000) = 0,039
\
|
.
|
|
kmol
m
2
.s
kmol
kmol

f. H s cp khi trong pha lng:
Theo cng thc tnh cho a l c ng chy chuyn (II-165):

x =
38000.

x.D

x
M

x.h
.Pr

x
0,62

\
|
.
|
|
kmol
m
2
.s
kmol
kmol

Trong :
D

x : H s khuch tn trung bnh trong pha lng (m
2
/s)
M

x : Khi lng mol trung bnh ca pha lng (kg/kmol)

on luyn: x = x

tbL = 0,7085
=> M

xL = 0,7085.18 + (1 - 0,7085).32 = 22,081 (kg/kmol)

on chng: x = x

tbC = 0,29035
=> M

xC = 0,29035.18 + (1 - 0,29035).32 =27,9351 (kg/kmol)
H: Kch thc di, chp nhn bng 1 m
Pr

x : Chun s prand i vi pha lng
=> H s cp khi trong pha lng on luyn l



xL =
=0,226
\
|
.
|
|
kmol
m
2
.s
kmol
kmol

=> H s cp khi trong pha lng on chng l{:

xC =
=0,18
\
|
.
|
|
kmol
m
2
.s
kmol
kmol

2.3.3. H s chuyn khi, ng cong ng hc, s a thc t:
a. H s chuyn khi
k

y =
1
1

y
+
m

x
( sbt II - trang 130)
m : H s phn b vt cht ph thuc vo t
o
, p sut, nng ca cc
pha
m = tg =
y

cb - y
x - x

cb

: H s cp khi

=> H s chuyn khi trong on luyn:

K

yL=
|
.
|
|
kmol
m
2
.s
kmol
kmol



=> H s chuyn khi trong on chng:
KYc=
|
.
|
|
kmol
m
2
.s
kmol
kmol

b. Tnh ng knh ng chy chuyn:
d

ch =
4.G

xtb
3600..

x.

c.z
(m) (sbt II - trang 122)
G

xtb : Lu lng lng i trong th|p
on luyn G

tbL = 1865,145 (kg/h)
on chng: G

tbC =7792,37 (kg/h)

xL: Khi lng ring trung bnh pha lng
z : S ng chy chuyn ph thuc v{o ng knh thp, chn z = 1

C : Tc cht lng trong ng chy truyn, chn

C = 0,15 (m/s)
=> ng knh ng chy chuyn trong on luyn:
d

chL = 0,0703(m)
Quy chun: d

chL = 0,07 (m)
Tnh ngc li ta c

cL = 0.151 (m/s)
T d

chL ta tnh c f

chL =
.(d

ch)
2
4
= 3,848.10
-3
(m
2
)

=> ng knh ng chy truyn trong on chng:
d

chC =0,151(m)
Quy chun d

chC = 0,15 (m)
Tnh ngc li ta c

cC = 0,1523 (m)
T d

chC ta tnh c f

chC =
.(d

ch)
2
4
= 0,0176 (m
2
)
Din tch lm vic ca a: f = F - f

ch.m



F : Din tch mt ct ngang ca thp (m
2
): F =
.D
2
4
(m
2
)
on luyn : f

L =
.1,9
2
4
- 1.3,848.10
-3
= 2,83 (m
2
)
on chng : f

C =
.1,9
2
4
- 1.0,0176 = 2,817 (m
2
)
c. Tnh s n v chuyn khi
m

yT =
k

y.f
g

tb

g

tb : Lng hi trung bnh (kg/h)
on luyn g

tbL = 1865,145 (kg/h) =
= 0,026 (kmol/s)
on chng g

tbC = 7792,37 (kg/h) =
= 0,085 (kmol/s)
k

y : H s chuyn khi (kmol/m
2
s)
f : Din tch lm vic ca a: f = F - f

ch.m
F : Din tch mt ct ngang ca thp
f

ch : Din tch mt ct ngang ca ng chy chuyn
m: S ng chy chuyn trn mi a : chn m = 1
=> S n v chuyn khi on luyn: m

yTL =
=108,8.k

y
=> S n v chuyn khi on chng: m

yTC =
= 33,14.k

y
d. ng cong ng hc.
X|c nh s a thc t bng ng cong ng hc theo c|c bc sau:
- V ng cong cn bng y

cb = f(x) v v ng lm vic ca on
chng, on luyn vi R

th
- Dng c|c ng thng vung gc vi Ox, c|c ng ny ct
ng
lm vic ti : A

1; A

2; A

3;; A

9 v ct ng cn bng y

cb = f(x) ti C

1; C

2 ;;
C

9.
- Ti mi gi tr ca x tm tg gc nghing ca ng cn bng:
m = tg =
y

cb - y
x - x

cb



- Tnh h s chuyn khi ng vi mi gi tr ca x:
H s chuyn khi trong on luyn:
K

yL =
|
.
|
|
kmol
m
2
.s
kmol
kmol

H s chuyn khi trong on chng:
K

yC =
|
.
|
|
kmol
m
2
.s
kmol
kmol

- Tnh n v chuyn khi:
C: m

yTL =
=108,8.k

y
v m

yTC =
= 33,14.k

y
- X|c nh C

y theo cng thc: C

y = e
m

yT

- Vi mi gi tr ca x tng ng ta c A l{ im thuc ng lm
vic, C l{ im thuc ng cn bng v{ B l{ im thuc ng cong ng
hc cn x|c nh: Tm on
BC
theo cng thc:
BC
=
AC
C

y

- V ng cong ph i qua c|c im B

i ( i = 1 9)
- V s bc nm gia ng cong ph v{ ng lm vic, s bc l
s a thc t ca thp.

Bng tng hp kt qu:

o
n
chn
g
x xcb y ycb m ky myT Cy AiCi BiCi
0,
1
0,021
7
0,134
8
0,41
8
3,61
6
0,022 2,39 10,9 0,283
2
0,026
0, 0,052 0,276 0,57 2,04 0,026 2,83 16,9 0,302 0,017



2 3 9 9 5 4 1 8
0,
3
0,100
4
0,419 0,66
5
1,23 0,029 3,15
5
23,4
5
0,24 0,01
0,
4
0,184
7
0,505
8
0,72
9
1,03
6
0,029
8
3,24
2
25,5
8
0,223
2
0,008
o
n
luy
n
0,
5
0,309
7
0,673
5
0,77
9
0,55
4
0,031 3,37
2
29,1
3
0,105
5
0,004
0,
6
0,411
3
0,735
2
0,82
5
0,47
5
0,032
2
3,5 33,1
1
0,089
8
0,002
7
0,
7
0,508
5
0,796
9
0,87 0,38 0,032
6
3,54 34,4
6
0,073
1
0,002
0,
8
0,674
4
0,858
5
0,91
5
0,44
9
0,032
3
3,51 33,4
4
0,056
5
0,001
6
0,
9
0,811
9
0,920
2
0,95
8
0,42
9
0,032
4
3,52
5
33,9
5
0,037
8
0,001
1



Hnh 2.10 : Xc nh s a thc t
T ng nng lm vic v{ ng cong ng hc ta va v c, ta
tm c s a thc t ca thp l N

tt = 8. Trong :
S a on chng : 3
S a on luyn: 5

XF X Xw



2.3.4. Hiu sut thp, chiu cao thp
a. Hiu sut thp
=
N

LT
N

TT
=
.100% = 100 %
b. Chiu cao thp tnh theo cng thc:
H = N

TT .(H

+ ) + (0,8 1)
Trong :
N

TT : S a thc t
H

: Khong cch gia c|c a (m). Ni suy theo bng IX.4a (S tay
QT&TBCNHC - T2)
D

L = 0,8m
D

C = 1,6m chn H

L = H

C = 550 mm

(0,8 1): khong cch cho php nh v{ |y thit b
: Chiu d{y a (m) chn = 3 mm
Suy ra
on luyn: H

L = 5.(0,550 + 0,003) + 1,0 = 3,765 (m)
on chng: H

C = 3.(0,550 + 0,003) + 1,0 = 1,659 (m)
=> Chiu cao thp l H = H

L + H

C = 5,424 (m)
Quy chun chiu cao thp l H = 5,4(m), H

L = 3,765 (m); H

C = 1,659
(m)
2.3.5. Chn loi a
Ta chn loi a vi cc thng s nh sau:
on luyn:
- ng knh : D = 0,8 m
- Din tch a: F =
.D
2
4
= 2,835 m
2

- Din tch t do tng i: = 8%
- Chiu di g chy trn: L

c = 0,5 m



- Chiu cao g chy trn : h

c = 30 mm
- Chiu d{y a l = 2mm
- Khong cch gia c|c a H

= 0,550 m
- ng knh l d = 3 mm
- Bc l t = 10 mm
on chng:
- ng knh : D = 1,6 m
- Din tch a F =
.D
2
4
= 2,835 m
2

- Din tch t do tng i: = 8%
- Chiu di g chy trn: L

c = 0,5 m
- Chiu cao g chy trn : h

c = 30 mm
- Chiu d{y a l = 2mm
- Khong cch gia c|c a H

= 0,550 m
- ng knh l d = 3 mm
- Bc l t = 10 mm

2.4. TNH TR LC THP
P = N

TT .P

d (N
/m
2
)
Trong :
P

d : Tng tr lc ca mt a (N/m
2
)
P

d = P

k + P

s + P

t (N/m
2
)
P

k : Tr lc ca a kh (N/m
2
)
P

s : Tr lc ca a do sc cng b mt (N/m
2
)
P

t : Tr lc ca lp cht lng trn a (tr lc thy tnh) (N/m
2
)
2.4.1. Tr lc ca a kh
P

k =

y.

o
2
2
(N/m
2
) (IX.140 - T2 trang 194)
Trong :



: H s tr lc, theo thng s ca a ~ chn, tit din t do ca l l
= 8% => = 1,82

o : Tc kh qua l (m/s):

o =

y / (m/s)
on luyn:

o =

L
0,08
=
= 18,28 (m/s)

on chng:

o =

C
0,08
=
= 15,66(m/s)

y : Khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha kh (kg/m
3
)
=> Tr lc a kh on luyn l:
P

kL = 1,82.
= 214,075 (N/m
2
)
=> Tr lc a kh on chng l{:
P

kC = 1,82.
= 191,58 (N/m
2
)

2.4.2. Tr lc ca a do sc cng b mt.
a c ng knh ln hn 1mm c tnh theo cng thc:
P

s =
4
1,3.d + 0,08.d
2
(N/m
2
) (IX.142 - T2 trang 194)
Trong :
: Sc cng b mt ca dung dch trn a (N/m). C:
1
=
1

A
+
1

B

A;

B : Sc cng b mt ca nc v axitpropionic
Ni suy theo bng I.242 ca nc v ly axit axetic thay cho axit
propionic (S tay QT&TBCNHC - T1) ta c:
on luyn: t

xtbL = 69
0
C

A = 67,65.10
-3
(N/m);

B = 19,5.10
-3
(N/m);



on chng: t

xtbC = 84,375

A = 64,4.10
-3
(N/m);

B = 18,6.10
-3
(N/m)
=> Sc cng b mt dung dch on luyn l:
= (
)
-1
= 0,015 (N/m)
=> Sc cng b mt dung dch on chng l{:
= 0,014 (N/m)
d : ng knh l (m): theo thng s ~ chn d = 3 mm = 3.10
-3
(m)
=> Tr lc do sc cng b mt on luyn l:
P

sL = 15,38(N/m
2
)
=> Tr lc do sc cng b mt on chng l{:
P

sC = 14,35 (N/m
2
)
2.4.3. Tr lc ca lp cht lng trn a
P

t = 1,3.
(
(
K.h

C +
3
K.
\
|
.
|
| G

x
m.L

C
2
.g.

x (N/m
2
) (IX.143 T II trang 194)
Trong :
K : T s gia khi lng ring ca bt v khi lng ring ca lng
khng bt. Khi tnh ton chp nhn K = 0,5
m : H s lu lng chy qua g chy trn
on luyn:

G

x
L

C
=

6744,68
0,5.958,762
= 4,2
\
|
.
|
| m
3
m.h
=> m = 10000
on chng

G

x
L

C
=
= 19,38
\
|
.
|
| m
3
m.h
=> m = 10000
=> Tr lc thy tnh ca on luyn l:
P

tL = 1,3.
(
(
0,5.0,03 +
3
0,5.
\
|
.
|
| 5,02
10000
2
.9,81.888,099 = 226,668(N/m
2
)



=> Tr lc thy tnh on chng l{:
P

tC =1,3.
(
(
0,5.0,03 +
3
0,5.
\
|
.
|
| 19,5
10000
2
.9,81.804,149 = 280,6(N/m
2
)
2.4.4. Tr lc ca thp
Tng tr lc ca mt a on luyn l:
P

dL = P

kL + P

sL + P

tL
= 214,075 + 15,38 + 226,668 = 456,123 (N/m
2
)
=> P

L = N

TTL .P

dL = 5.456,123 = 2280,615 (N/m
2
)
Tng tr lc ca mt a on chng l{:
P

dC = P

kC + P

sC + P

tC
= 191,58 + 14,35 + 280,6 = 485,53 (N/m
2
)
=> P

C = N

TTC .P

dC = 3.485,53 = 1459,59 (N/m
2
)
=> Tr lc ton thp l:
P = 2280,615+1459,59 = 3740,205 (N/m
2
)
2.5. TNH CN BNG NHIT LNG
Mc ch ca vic tnh ton cn bng nhit lng l{ x|c nh lng
hi t cn thit khi un nng hn hp u, un bc hi |y th|p cng
nh x|c nh lng nc lnh cn thit cho qu| trnh ngng t lm lnh.
Chn nc lm cht ti nhit v n l ngun nguyn liu r tin, ph
bin trong thin nhin v c kh nng |p ng yu cu cng ngh.

Q
D1
Q
f
Q
F
Qw
Q
D2
Q
y
Q
ng1
Q
R



2.5.1. Tnh cn bng nhit trong thit b gia nht hn hp u:
Phng trnh c}n bng nhit lng ca thit b un nng hn hp u
Q

D1 + Q

f = Q

F + Q

ng1 + Q

xq1 (J/h) (IX.149- S tay QT&TBCHHC - T2- trang
196)
Trong :
Q

D1 : Nhit lng do hi t mang vo (J/h)
Q

f : Nhit lng do hn hp u mang vo (J/h)
Q

F : Nhit lng do hn hp u mang ra (J/h)
Q

ng1 : Nhit lng do nc ngng mang ra (J/h)
Q

xq1 : Nhit lng do mt m|t ra mi trng xung quanh (J/h)
Chn hi t l{ hi nc p sut 2 at, c t
o
si = 119,6
o
C
a. Nhit lng do hi t mang vo:
Q

D1 = D

1.

1 = D

1.( r

1 +

1.C

1) (J/h) (IX.150 - T2- trang 196)
Trong :
D

1 : Lng hi t (kg/h)

1 : Hm nhit (nhit lng ring) ca hi t (J/h)



1 : Nhit nc ngng (
o
C):

1 = 119,6
o
C
C

1 : Nhit dung ring ca nc ngng (J/kg.)
r

1 : n nhit ha hi ca hi t (J/kg), ti t
o
=

1 ta c: r

1 = 2208.10
3

(J/kg)
b. Nhit lng do hn hp u mang vo:
Q

f = F.C

f .t

f (J/h) (IX.151- T2- trang 196)
Trong :
F: Lng hn hp u (kg/h). Theo bi : F = 9988,7(kg/h)
t

f : Nhit u ca hn hp (
o
C) t

f = 25
o
C
C

f : Nhit dung ring ca hn hp u (J/kg.)
Tra to|n I.52 (S tay QT&TBCNHC- T1 trang 166) ta c:
C

A = 1 (kcal/kg.) = 4186,8 (J/kg.)
C

B = 0,49 (kcal/kg.) = 2051,53 (J/kg.)
Nng hn hp u: a

f = a

F = 32,7%
=> C

f = C

A .a

f + C

B.(1 - a

f)
= 4186,8.0,327 + 2051,53.(1 - 0,327)
= 2749,76 (J/kg.)
Vy lng nhit do hn hp u mang vo l:
Q

f = 9988,7.2749,76 = 27.466.10
6
(J/h)

c. Nhit lng do hn hp u mang ra:
Q

F = F.C

F .t

F (J/h) (IX.152 - T2- trang 196)
Trong :
t

F : Nhit ca hn hp u sau khi un nng (
o
C): t

F = 73,8
o
C
C

F : Nhit dung ring ca hn hp u khi i ra (J/kg.)
Tra trong to|n I.52 (S tay QT&TBCNHC- T1 trang 166) ta c:
C

A = 1,01 (kcal.kg.) = 4228,668 (J/kg.)
C

B = 0,565 (kcal.kg.) = 2365,542 (J/kg.)
Nng hn hp u a

F = 32,7%
=> C

F = C

A .a

F + C

B .(1 - a

F)



= 4228,668.0,327 + (1 - 0,327).2365,542
= 2907,48 (J/kg.)
Vy lng nhit do hn hp u mang ra l:
Q

F = 9988,7.2907,48.73,8 = 2143,3.10
6
(J/h)
d. Nhit lng do nc ngng mang ra:
Q

ng1 = G

ng1.C

1.

1 = D

1.C

1.

1 (J/h) (IX.153 - T2- trang 197)
Trong :
G

ng1 : Lng nc ngng bng lng hi t D

1 (kg.h)
e. Nhit lng mt ra mi trng xung quanh
Lng nhit mt m|t ra mi trng xung quanh ly bng 5% lng
nhit tiu tn:
Q

xq1 = 0,05D

1.r

1 (J/h) (IX.154 - T2- trang 197)
f. Lng hi t cn thit:
Thay cc gi tr ~ tnh v{o phng trnh c}n bng nhit lng ta c:
D

1 =
Q

F + Q

ng1 + Q

xq1 - Q

f

1
=
Q

F - Q

f
0,95r

1

=
= 1008,69 (kg/h)
2.5.2. Tnh cn bng nhit lng ton thp chng luyn
Phng trnh c}n bng nhit ln ca th|p chng luyn :
Q

F + Q

D2 + Q

R = Q

y + Q

W + Q

xq2 + Q

ng2 (J/h) (IX.156 - T II - 197)
Trong :
Q

F : Nhit lng do hn hp u mang vo thp (J/h)
Q

D2 : Nhit lng do hi t mang vo thp (J/h)
Q

R : Nhit lng do lng lng hi lu mang v{o (J/h)
Q

y : Nhit lng do hi mang ra nh thp (J/h)
Q

W : Nhit lng do sn phm |y mang ra (J/h)
Q

xq2 : Nhit lng mt m|t ra mi trng xung quanh (J/h)
Q

ng2 : Nhit lng do nc ngng mang ra (J/h)
Chn hi t l{ hi nc bo ha p sut 2 at c t
o
si = 119,6
o
C



a. Nhit lng do hi t mang vo thp
Q

D2 = D

2.

2 = D

2.(r

2 +

2.C

2) (J/h) (IX.157 - S tay II -
197)
Trong :
D

2 : Lng hi t cn thit

2 : Hm nhit (nhit lng ring) ca hi t (J/kg)

2 : Nhit nc ngng (
o
C):

2 = 119,6
o
C
r

2 : n nhit ha hi ca hi t (J/kg)
r

2 = r

1 = 2208.10
3
(J/kg)
C

2 : Nhit dung ring ca nc ngng (J/kg.)

b. Nhit lng do lng lng hi lu mang vo:
Q

R = G

R.C

R.t

R (J/h) (IX.158 - S tay II - 197)
Trong :
G

R : Lng lng hi lu (kg/h)
G

R = P.R

x = = 3471,95 .0,4164 =1445,7 (kg/h)
t

R : Nhit ca lng lng hi lu (
o
C)
t

R = t

P = 64,92
o
C
C

R : Nhit dung ring ca lng lng hi lu (J/kg.)
Tra trong to|n I.52 (S tay I - 166) ta c:
C

A = 0,85 (kcal/kg.) = 3558,78 (J/kg.)
C

B = 0,56 (kcal/kg.) = 2344,608 (J/kg.)
Nng lng lng hi lu bng nng sn phm nh: a

R = a

P =
92,2%
C

R = C

A.a

R + C

B.(1 - a

R)
= 3558,78.0,922 + 2344,608.(1- 0,922) = 3464,07(J/kg.)
Vy nhit lng do lng lng hi lu mang v{o l{:
Q

R = 1445,7.3464,07.64,92 = 325,12.10
6
(J/h)
c. Nhit lng do hi mang ra nh thp
Q

y = P.(1 + R

x).

d (J/h) (IX.159 - S tay II - 197)
Trong :



d : Hm nhit (nhit lng ring) ca hi nh thp (J/kg)

d =

1.a +

2.(1 - a) (J/kg) ( T2- trang 197)
Vi:

1,

2 : Nhit lng ring ca nc v axit propionic (J/kg)

1 = r

1 + C

1.

1 (J/kg)

2 = r

2 + C

2.

2 (J/kg)

1 =

2 = t

R = 64,92
o
C
Tra trong to|n I.52 ( S tay QT&TBCNHC - T1 trang 166) c:
C

1 = 1,005 (kcal/kg.) = 4207,734 (J/kg.)
C

2 = 0,56 (kcal/kg.) = 2344,608 (J/kg.)
r

1, r

2 : Nhit ha hi ca nc v metylic
Ni suy theo bng I.212 (S tay I - 254) ta c:
r

1 = 575(kcal/kg) = 2407410,006 (J/kg)
r

2 = 262,7 (kcal/kg) = 1099872,3 (J/kg)

1 = 2407410,006+ 4207,734.64,92 = 2680576,097 (J/kg)

2 = 1099872,3 + 2344,608.64,92 = 1252083,957 (J/kg)

d = 2680576,097.0,922 + 1252083,957.(1 - 0,922) = 2569153,71
(J/kg)
Vy Q

y =3471,95.(1 + 0,4164).2569153,71 = 12,634.10
9
(J/h)
d. Nhit lng do sn phm y mang ra
Q

W = W.C

W.t

W (J/h) (IX.160 - S tay II - 197)
C

W : Nhit dung ring ca sn phm |y (J/kg.)
Tra trong to|n I.52 ( S tay II - 166) c:
C

A = 1,01(kcal/kg.) = 4228,668 (J/kg.)
C

B = 0,58 (kcal/kg.) = 2428,344 (J/kg.)
Nng sn phm |y: a

W = 1%
C

W = C

A.a

W + (1 - a

W).C

B
= 4228,668.0,01 + (1 - 0,01).2428,344 = 2446,347 (J/kg.)
Vy: Q

W = 10000.2446,347.100 = 2446,3.10
6
(J/h)



e.Nhit lng mt mt ra mi trng xung quanh
Lng nhit mt m|t ra mi trng ly bng 5% lng nhit tiu tn
|y th|p:
Q

xq2 = 0,05.D

2.r

2 (J/h) (IX.162 - T2 - 198)
g. Nhit lng do nc ngng mang ra:
Q

ng2 = G

ng2.C

2.

2 = D

2.C

2.

2 (J/h)
Trong :
G

ng2 : Lng nc ngng bng lng hi t (kg/h)

h. Lng hi t cn thit:
2
R F W y
2
R F 2 xq 2 ng W y
2
r . 95 , 0
Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
D
+
=
+ + +
=

Thay s v{o ta c:
D

2 = 6012,5 (kg/h)
2.5.3. Tnh cn bng nhit lng trong thit b ngng t:
Phng trnh c}n bng nhit lng ca thit b ngng t:
P.(R

x + 1).r = G

n.C

n.(t

2 - t

1) (S tay T2 - trang 198)
Trong :
r : n nhit ha hi ca hi nh thp (J/kg)
Nhit ca hi nh thp l t

= t

P = 64,92
o
C
r

1 = 575(kcal/kg) = 2407410,006 (J/kg)
r

2 = 262,7 (kcal/kg) = 1099872,3 (J/kg)
Nng phn khi lng ca hi nh thp l: a

P = 92,2%
=> r = r

1.a

p + r

2.(1 - a

P)
= 2407410,006.0,922 +1099872,3.(1 - 0,922) =
2305422,065(J/kg)



G

n : Lng nc lnh tiu tn (kg/h)
t

1, t

2 : Nhit vo v ra ca nc lm lnh (
o
C)
Nhit vo ca nc lnh ly l nhit thng: t

1 = 25
o
C
Nhit ra ca nc lnh chn t

2 = 45
o
C
t

tb = 35
o
C
C

n : Nhit dung ring ca nc nhit trung bnh t

tb (J/kg.)
Theo bng I.147 (S tay QT&TBCNHC - T1 trang 165) c:
C

n = 0,99859 (kcal/kg.) = 4180,896 (J/kg.)
Lng nc lnh cn thit l
G

n=
P.(R

x + 1).r
C

n(t

2 - t

1)
= 135584,63(kg/h)
2.5.4. Tnh cn bng nhit lng trong thit b lm lnh
Phng trnh c}n bng nhit lng ca thit b lm lnh:
P.C

P.(t

1
- t

2
) = G

n2.C

n.(t

2 - t

1)
Trong :
G

n2 : Lng nc lnh tiu tn (kg/h)
t

1
, t

2
: Nhit u v cui ca sn phm nh ngng t (

o
C)
Sn phm nh sau khi ngng t trng thi si:
Nhit vo chnh bng nhit si nh thp: t

1
= 64,92
Nhit ra ca sn phm ly l : t

2
= 25
o
C
t

tb = 44,96
o
C
C

p : Nhit dung ring ca sn phm nh ~ ngng t (J/kg.)
Tra trong to|n I.52 (T1 trang 166) ti t

tb ta c:
C

1 = 0,98 (kcal/kg.) = 4103,064 (J/kg.)
C

2 = 0,53 (kcal/kg.) = 2219,004 (J/kg.)
C nng sn phm nh a

P = 0,80
C

P = 4103,064.0,922 + 2219,004(1 - 0,922) = 3956,107 (J/kg.)



C

n : Nhit dung ring ca nc lm lnh 25
o
C
Tra bng I.125 (S tay QT&TBCNHC- T1 trang 166) ta c
C

n = 1,0 (kcal/kg.) = 4186,8 (J/kg.)

Lng nc lnh cn thit l:
G

n2=
P.C

P.(t

1
- t

2
)
C

n.(t

2 - t

1)
= 6548,167(kg/h)



Chng 3. TNH TON C KH
3.1. TNH TON THN THP:
Thn tr l b phn ch yu to thnh thit b ha cht. Ty theo
iu kin ng dng lm vic m{ ngi ta chn loi vt liu, kiu t v
phng ph|p ch to. Theo iu kin u bi thp lm vic p sut
thng, nhit khong trn di 100
o
C. Chn vt liu l thp khng g
X18H10T ph hp cho chng luyn Nc - metylic, thn hnh tr t thng
ng, c ch to bng tr hn v loi n{y thng dng vi thit b lm
vic p sut thp v trung bnh.
Chiu dy thn thp hnh tr c tnh theo cng thc XIII.9 ( S tay
QT&TBCNHC - T2 trang 360)

(m) C
P ]. [ 2
P . D
S
t
+
+ o
=

Trong :
D

t : ng knh trong ca thp (m)
P: p sut trong thit b (N/m
2
)
[] : ng sut cho php vi loi vt liu ~ chn (N/m
2
)
: H s bn ca thnh hnh tr theo phng dc
C : S b sung do n mn, b{o mn v{ dung sai v chiu dy (m)
3.1.1. p sut trong thit b.
Mi trng lm vic l hn hp lng nn hi |p sut lm vic phi
bng tng s p sut hi (P

mt) v p sut thy tnh (P

1) ca ct cht lng:

( )
2
N/ m
mt l
P P P = +

p sut hi : P

mt = 1at = 9,81.10
4
(N/m
2
)
p sut thy tnh c tnh theo cng thc:
2
. . ( / )
l l l
P g H N m =

Trong :
H

l : Chiu cao ct cht lng trong thp (m) ly : H

l = H = 10,2 (m)

l : Khi lng ca cht lng trong thp (kg/m
3
)



1 =

xtbL +

xtbC
2
=
= 846,124 (kg/m
3
)
Suy ra: P

1 = g.

1.H

1 = 9,81.846,124.10,2 =84664,85 (N/m
2
)
p sut trong thit b:
P = P

mt + P

1 = 9,81.10
4
+ 84664,85 = 182764,85 (N/m
2
)
3.1.2. ng sut cho php
ng sut cho php ca thp trong gii hn bn khi ko v khi chy
c tnh theo cng thc:

( )
2
[ ] . N/ m
k
k
k
n
o
o q =

( )
2
[ ] . N/ m
c
c
c
n
o
o q =

Trong :
: H s hiu chnh, theo bng XIII.2 (s tay T2 trang 356) }y l{ thit
b loi 2 t nng gin tip chn = 1
n

k , n

c : H s an ton theo gii hn bn v chy, (XIII.3 - T II - 356)
n

k = 2,6; n

c = 1,5

k ,

c : Gii hn bn khi ko v chy (N/m
2
) (bng XIII.3 - T II - 356) ta
c: ok = 550.10
6
(N/m
2
) och = 220.10
6
(N/m
2
)
=> ng sut gii hn bn ko l:
[

k] =

k
n

k
. =
550.10
6
2,6
.1 = 211,538.10
6
(N/m
2
)
ng sut gii hn bn chy l:
[

c] =

c
n

c
. =
220.10
6
1,5
.1 = 146,666.10
6
(N/m
2
)
Chn ng sut cho php l ng sut nh nht trong hai ng sut
trn:
[] = [

c]= 146,666.10
6
(N/m
2
)
3.1.3 Tnh h s bn ca thnh hnh tr theo phng dc:



Chn phng ph|p ch to theo phng ph|p h{n tay bng h quan
in kiu hn gip mi 2 bn, thnh c l nhng c gia c hon ton. Khi
h s mi h{n c chn nh sau: =

h = 0,95 (s tay T2 trang 362)
Lp t s :
[].
P
=
= 762,36 > 50 nh vy c th b qua P

mu ca cng thc tnh chiu dy.
3.1.4. i lng b sung.
i lng b sung c tnh theo cng thc
C = C

1 + C

2 + C

3 (m)
C

1 : B sung (m)
Vi metylic chn C

1 = 1(mm) = 10
-3
(m)
C

2 : B sung do bo mn (m)
Th|p chng luyn ch cha lng v{ hi nn t n mn => C

2 = 0
C

3 : B sung do dung sai v chiu dy (m)
Chn dung sai: C

3 = 0,8 mm = 0,8.10
-3
(m)
=> C = 1,8.10
-3
(m)
3.1.5. Chiu dy thn thp.
on luyn: D = 0,8 m
S =
D

t.P
2.[].
+ C
=

+ 1,8.10
-3
= 2,32.10
-3
(m) = 2,32 (mm)
Theo quy chun ly chiu dy thp l S = 4 mm
Kim tra ng sut theo thp th:
p sut th tnh ton: P

o = P

th + P

l (N/m)
Trong :
P

th : p sut thy lc (N/m
2
)
Theo bng p sut thy lc khi th (s tay T2 trang 358)
P

th = 1,5P = 1,5. 182764,85 = 0,274.10
6
(N/m
2
)



P

l : p sut ct cht lng trong thp (N/m
2
): P

l = g.

l.H

l (N/m
2
)

l : Khi lng ring ca nc nhit trung bnh
t

tb =
t

F + t

P + t

W
3
=
= 79,573
o
C

ng vi nhit trung bnh l 79,573
o
C ni suy theo bng I.2 (S
tay QT&TBCNHC T1 trang 9 ta c:

l = 972,55 (kg/m
3
)
P

l = g.

l.H

l = 9,81.972,55.8,7 = 83004,22 (N/m
2
)
P

o = 0,274.10
6
+ 83004,22 = 0,357.10
6
(N/m
2
)
ng sut theo p sut th:
=
[D

t + (S - C)].P

o
2.(S - C).

h

=187,89.10
6
(N/m
2
)
<

ch
1,2
=
220.10
6
1,2
= 183,33.10
6
(N/m
2
)
Vy chn S = 4mm l ph hp.
3.2. TNH NG KNH CC NG DN
Chn vt liu ng dn cng loi vt liu |y th|p, d{y 3mm. ng
knh cc ng dn v ca ra vo tnh theo cng thc
d =
V
0,785.
(m)
Trong :
V : Lu lng th tch (m
3
/s)
: Tc lu th (m/s)
3.2.1. ng knh ng chy chuyn
ng knh ng chy truyn ~ tnh trn d

chL = 0,07 m, d

chC = 0,15 m
Khong cch t ch}n a n ng chy chuyn : S = 0,25.d
on luyn: S

l = 0,25.0,07 = 0,0175 (m)



on chng: S

c = 0,25.0,15 = 0,0375 (m)

3.2.2. ng knh ng dn hn hp u vo thp
Lng hn hp u vo thp l F = 9988,7 kg/h
Nhit ca hn hp u t

F = 73,8
o
C
Khi lng ring ca nc v axit propionic (bng I.2, s tay T1
trang 9) theo t = t

F :

A = 975,85 (kg/m
3
);

B = 743 (kg/m
3
)

=>Khi lng ring ca hn hp u l:

F =
\
|
.
|
| a

F

A
+
1 - a

F

B
-1
=(
= 805,879 (kg/m
3
)
Lu lng th tch ca hn hp u l:
V =
F
3600.

F
=
= 3,44.10
-3
(m
3
/s)
Chn tc hn hp u l{ = 0,3 (m/s)
ng knh ng dn hn hp u l:
d=
=0,15(m)
Quy chun d = 0,15 (m) = 150 (mm)
Theo bng XIII.32 (T II - 434), chiu d{i on ng ni l:l = 130 (mm)
Tc thc t ca hn hp u:

TT =
V
0,785.d
2
=
= 0,194 (m/s)
3.2.3. ng knh ng dn hi nh thp.
Lng hi nh thp l g

= 4917,03 (kg/h)
M

P = 18,844 (kg/kmol)



Nhit ca hi nh thp t

p = 64,92
o
C
Khi lng ring ca hi nh thp:
=
M

P.T

o
22,4.T
=
()
= 0,679 (kg/m
3
)
=> Lu lng th tch ca hi nh thp l:
V =
g

d
3600.

P
=

= 2,01 (m
3
/s)
Chn tc hi nh th|p l{ = 25 (m/s)
ng knh ca ng dn hi nh thp l:
d =
= 0,32 (m)
Quy chun: d = 0,4 (m) = 400 (mm)
Theo bng XIII.32 (T II - 434), chiu d{i on ng ni l :l = 150 (m)
Tc thc t ca hi nh thp:

tt =
V
0,785.d
2
=
= 16,003 (m/s)
3.2.4. ng knh ng dn sn phm y.
Nhit ca hn hp |y t

W = 100
o
C
Khi lng ring ca nc v metylic

A = 958 (kg/m
3
),

B = 714 (kg/m
3
)
Khi lng ring ca sn phm |y l{:

W =
\
|
.
|
| a

W

A
+
1 - a

W

B
-1
= (
)
-1
= 715,823(kg/m
3
)
=> Lu lng th tch ca sn phm |y l{:
V =
W

W
=

= 2,52.10
-3
(m
3
/s)
Chn tc sn phm |y l{ : = 0,3 (m/s)
ng knh ca ng dn sn phm |y l{:



d =
= 0,103 (m)
Quy chun d = 0,125 (m) = 125 (mm)
Theo bng XIII.32 (T2 - 434), chiu d{i on ng ni l :l = 120 (mm)
Tc thc t ca sn phm |y l{:

tt =
V
0,785.d
2
=
= 0,205(m/s)
3.2.5.ng knh ng dn hi ngng t hi lu
Lng hi ngng t hi lu l{
G

R = G

P.R = 3471,95 .0,4164 =1445,7 (kg/h)
Nhit ca hi ngng t hi lu l{ t

R = t

P = 73,8
o
C
=> Khi lng ring ca nc v metylic:

A = 975,85 (kg/m
3
);

B = 743 (kg/m
3
)
Nng khi lng ca hi ngng t hi lu l{ a

R = a

P = 92,2%
Khi lng ring ca hi ngng t hi lu l{:

R =
\
|
.
|
| a

R

A
+
1 - a

R

B
-1

= 952,564 (kg/m
3
)
Lu lng th tch ca hi ngng t hi lu l{:
V =
G

R

R
=
= 4,2158.10
-4
(m
3
/s)
Chn tc hi ngng t hi lu l{ = 0,25 (m/s)
ng knh ca ng dn hi ngng t hi lu l{:
d =
= 0,0439 (m)
Quy chun d = 0,04 (m) = 40 (mm)
Theo XIII.32 (T2 trang 434), chiu d{i on ng ni l : l = 110 (mm)
Tc thc t ca hi ngng t hi lu:



TT =
V
0,785.d
2
=
= 0,083 (m/s)

3.2.6. ng knh ng dn hi sn phm y hi lu.
Lng hi sn phm |y hi lu l{ g

1
= 9828,203 (kg/h)
Nhit ca hi sn phm |y hi lu t

W = 100
o
C
Khi lng ring ca hi |y:
=
M

w.T

o
22,4.T
=

()
= 1,037(kg/m
3
)
=> Lu lng th tch ca hi sn phm |y hi lu l{:
V =
g

1

R
=

= 2,63(m
3
/s)
Chn tc hi sn phm |y hi lu l{: = 25 (m/s)

ng knh ca ng dn hi sn phm |y hi lu l{:
d =
= 0,366(m)
Quy chun : d = 0,35 (m) = 350 (mm)
Theo bng XIII.32 (T2 - 434), chiu d{i on ng ni l : l = 150 (mm)
Tc thc t ca hi sn phm |y:

TT =
V
0,785.d
2
=
= 27,34(m/s)
3.3. TNH Y V NP THIT B
|y v{ np thit b cng l{ nhng b phn quan trng ca thit b v
thng c ch to cng loi vi vt liu ca than thp, v thp lm vic
p sut thng v{ c thn tr hn nn ta chn |y v{ np hnh elip c
g.



Cc kch thc:
- ng knh: D

np = 1,6 (m); D

|y = 1,6 (m)
- Chiu cao phn li : h

b = 0,25.D

np = 0,25.1,6 = 0,4 (m)
h

b = 0,25.D

|y = 0,25.1,6 = 0,4 (m)
- Chiu cao g : h = 25 (mm)
- ng knh l d

|y = 110 (mm); d

np = 500 (mm)
- Chiu dy y v np:
- S =
D

t.P
3,8.[

k].k.

h - P
.
D

t
2.h

b
+ C (XIII.47 - S tay T 2 trang 385)
- Trong :
-

h : H s bn mi h{n hng tm

h = 0,95
- k ; H s khng th nguyn k = 1 - d/D

t :
- d

|y = 110 (mm) => k = 1 -
= 0,93
- d

np = 500 (mm) => k = 1 -
= 0,6875
- P : p sut trong:
- Np : P = P

hi = 1 at = 9,81.10
4
(N/m
2
)



- |y: P = P

thp = 182764,85 (N/m
2
)
- C:
-
[]
P
.k.

k =
.0,93.0,95 = 708,99 > 30

-
[]
P
.k.

k =
.0,6875.0,95 = 524,122 > 30

- Nh vy c th b qua P mu trong cng thc tnh chiu dy
- Chiu dy np thp l:
S =
+ 1,8 .10
-3

= 2,987.10
-3
(m)
Ta thy S - C = 1,187 (mm) < 10 (mm) nn phi tng C ln 2 mm
C = (1,8 + 2).10
-3
= 3,8.10
-3
(m)
Do : S = (2,987 + 3,8).10
-3
=7.02.10
-3
(m)
Quy chun ly chiu dy np thp l : S = 8(mm)
- Chiu d{y |y th|p l{:
S =
+ 1,8.10
-3

= 3,4.10
-3
(m)
Ta thy S - C = 1,6 mm < 10 mm, nn ta phi tng C ln 2 mm
C = (1,8 + 2).10
-3
= 3,8.10
-3

Do : S = (3,4 + 3,8).10
-3
= 7,2.10
-3
m
Quy chun ly chiu d{y |y th|p l{ : S = 8 mm
Kim tra ng sut theo p sut thy lc:
- Vi np thp:
P

o = 1,5.P

th = 1,5.182764,85 = 0,274.10
6
(N/m
2
)
=
[D

t
2
+ 2.h

b.(S - C)].P

o
7,6.k.

h.h

b.(S - C)

= 62,263.10
6
(N/m
2
)
<

ch
1,2
=
220.10
6
1,2
= 183,333.10
6
(N/m
2
)
=> Vy chn S = 8 mm l ph hp.
- Vi |y th|p:



=
[1,9
2
+ 2.0,475.(8 - 3,8).10
-3
].0,285.10
6
7,6.0,737.0,95.0,475.(8 - 3,8).10
-3

= 84,224.10
6
(N/m
2
)
<

ch
1,2
=
220.10
6
1,2
= 183,333.10
6
(N/m
2
)
Vy chn S = 8 mm l ph hp
3.4 CHN MT BCH
Mt bch l b phn quan trng dng ni cc phn ca thit b cng
nh c|c b phn khc vi thit b
C nhiu kiu bch kh|c nhau, nhng do th|p l{m vic p sut
thng nn ta chn kiu mt bch lin bng thp loi 1 ni |y, np vi
thn.
3.4.1. Chn mt bch ni thn thp v np, y
Ta dng mt bch lin bng thp khng g kiu 1, (XIII.27 - T II - 417)

Ta chn khong cch gia 2 bch l 2 m, vy s bch ni thn thit
b l: n = 10,2 : 2 = 5,1 => ta chn s bch n = 5
3.4.2. Chn mt bch ni ng dn thit b:
Ta dng kiu mt bch bng kim loi en.Theo bng XIII.26 (II - )409 ta c
bng bch cho cc loi ng vi p sut 0,25.10
6
N/m
2

Py.10
6
Dt D Db D1 D db h z
N/m
2
mm Ci
0,1

1900 2040 1990 1960 1915 M20 28 40
1900 2040 1990 1960 1915 M20 28 40



3.5. TNH V CHN GI , TAI TREO
Thng ngi ta khng t trc tip thit b ln m phi c tai treo
hay ch}n (tr trng hp ngoi l). Mun x|c nh gi| v tai treo cn
phi x|c nh c khi lng ca ton thit b.
3.5.1. Tnh khi lng ton b thp
Tn cc ng Dy Dn D D

D1 db h z
mm Ci
Sn phm nh 400 426 535 495 465 M20 22 16
Hi lu sn
phm nh
80 89 185 150 128 M16 14 4
ng dn liu 150 159 260 225 202 M16 16 8
Sn phm |y 125 133 235 200 178 M16 14 8
Hi lu |y 350 377 485 445 415 M20 12 22



tnh ton khi lng ton thit b ngi ta tnh khi lng thp khi
cho nc y thp, v khi lng ca th|p khi khng c nc

G = G

T + G

N- + G

B + G

bl + G

+ G

+ G

L (kg)
Trong :
G

T : Khi lng thn thp tr (kg)
G

N- : Khi lng np v{ |y th|p (kg)
G

B : Khi lng bch (kg)
G

bl : Khi lng bu lng ni bch (kg)
G

: Khi lng a l trong thp (kg)
G

: Khi lng ng chy truyn (kg)
G

L : Khi lng cht lng in y thp (kg)
a. Khi lng thn thp tr:
Khi lng ring ca vt liu l{m th}n th|p l{

th = 7900 (kg/m
3
)
ng knh trong ca thn thp: D

L = 0,8 (m); D

C = 1,6 (m)
Chiu dy thn thp S = 4 (m)
Chiu cao thp : H

L = 4,6 (m); H

C = 4,1 (m)
=> Khi lng thn thp l:
G

TL =
.[(D

t + S)
2
- D

t
2
]
4
.H.

th
= 183,028 (kg)
G

TC =
.[(D

t + S)
2
- D

t
2
]
4
.H.

th
= 325,86 (kg)
G

T = G

TL + G

TC =183,028 + 325,86 = 508,888 (kg)
b. Khi lng np v y thp
Chiu dy ca np : S

n = 8 (mm) , ca |y, S

= 8 (mm)



Chiu cao g h = 25 (mm)
ng knh D

np = 1,6 (m); D

|y = 1,6 (m)
Theo bng X.III.11 ( S tay QT&TBCNHC - T2 trang 384)
=> Khi lng np v{ |y th|p l{:
G

N- = 258 + 258 = 516 (kg)
c. Khi lng bch
Theo cc thng s ca bch ~ chn:
- ng knh trong ca bch : D

tL = 1,6 (m); D

tC = 1,6 (m)
- ng knh ngoi ca bch D

L = D

C = 1,656 (m)
- Chiu dy bch : h

L = h

C = 28 (mm) = 0,028 (m)
- S bch: n = 5 (cp) = 10 (chic)
=> Khi lng bch l:
G

B =
.[D
2
- D

t
2
]
4
.h.

th.n
=
(
.0,028.7900.10 = 316,61 (kg)

d. Khi lng bu lng ni bch
Theo cc thng s ca bch ~ chn:
Cn 5 cp bch, mi cp cn 28 bu lng loi M 20 (khi lng 0,15
kg/ci).
=> Khi lng bu lng ni bch l: G

bl = 5.28.0,15 = 21(kg)
e. Khi lng a l trong thp
Theo cc thng s a ~ chn:
- ng knh a : D

L =0,8(m)
- D

C = 1,6 (m)
- Chiu d{y a = 0,002 (m)
- S a n = 8 (chic)
=> Khi lng a l trong thp:
G

=
.D
2
4
..

th.n =
.0,002.7900.8= 254,013 (kg)

f. Khi lng ng chy chuyn



Khi lng mt ng chy chuyn on luyn:
m

L =
[(D

+ S)
2
- D

2
]
4
.h

.

th
=
3,14.[(0,04 + 0,002)
2
- 0,04
2
]
4
.0,4.7900 = 0,4068 (kg)
Khi lng mt ng chy truyn on chng:
m

C =
[(D

+ S)
2
- D

2
]
4
.h

.

th
=
3,14.[(0,25 + 0,02)
2
- 0,25
2
]
4
.0,4.7900 = 2,957 (kg)
Th|p c 3 a chng, 5 a luyn, mi a chng c 1 ng chy chuyn,
mi a luyn c 1 ng chy chuyn:
Khi lng ca ng chy chuyn l:
G

= 5.0,48 + 3.2,957 = 11,271 (kg)
g. Khi lng cht lng in y thp
Ta ly theo khi lng ring ln nht l khi lng trung bnh pha
lng on chng:

L =

xC = 804,149 (kg/m
3
)
=> Khi lng cht lng cha trong thp l:
G

L =
.D
2
4
.H.

L
=
.8,7.804,149 = 14059,355 (kg)

=> Khi lng thp l:
G = 508,888 + 516 + 316,61 + 21 + 254,013 + 447,748 + 11,271 +
14059,355
= 16134,885 (kg)
3.5.2. Tnh tai treo
Trng lng thp l: P = G.g = 16134,885.9,81 = 158283,22 (N)
Chn 4 tai treo bng thp CT3, ti trng trn tai treo l: 8,0.10
4
(N)
Cc thng s ca tai treo (Kiu VIII) (S tay II - 438)



Ti
trng
cho
php
trn
1 tai
treo
G.10
4

B mt

F.10
-4

N/m
2

Ti
trng
cho
php
ln
b
mt

q.10
6

N/m
2

L B B1 H S l a d

mm
8
,0
639 1,25 270 240 240 420 14 120 25 21,5

Tm lt tai treo bng thp: bng XIII.22 (S tay II - 439)
Ti trng
cho php
ln mt
tai treo
G.10
4
N
Chiu dy
ti thiu
ca thnh
thit b khi
khng c
lt
Chiu dy
ti thiu
ca thnh
thit b khi
c lt S
H B SB
mm
8,0 24 10 750 530 10

Chn ch}n thp: bng XIII.35 (S tay II - 437)
Ti
trng
cho
B
mt

Ti
trng
cho
L B B1 B2 H h S l d



php
trn
1
chn
G.10
4

N

F.10
-4

m
2

php
ln
b
mt

Q.10
6

N/m
2

mm
8,0 840 0,96 320 265 270 400 500 275 22 120 34



s
l
s
b1
a
l
b
r
d
s
T
r
c

t
h
i
t

b
t heo y t hi t b
h



Chng 4. TNH TON THIT B PH

4.1 TNH TON THIT B GIA NHIT HN HP U
un nng hn hp u gm 0,327 nc v 0,673 metylic theo phn
khi lng vi nng sut 9988,7 tn/h. Ta gi thit dung dch u c nhit
ban u l 25
o
C, cn un nng ti nhit si ca hn hp l t

F = 73,8
o
C.
un nng hn hp u ta dng thit b gia nhit loi ng chum kiu
ng, dng hi nc bo ha 2 at un si hn hp.
Thit b trao i nhit loi ng chm thng ng vi cc thng s:
Chiu cao ng: h

o = 1,5 (m)
ng knh ng: d = 25 (mm)
Chiu dy thnh ng: = 2 (mm)
ng knh trong ca ng l: d

o = 20 (mm)
Dung dch i trong ng, hi t i ngo{i ng.
Chn vt liu ch to l thp khng g X18H10T
Theo XII.7 (S tay II 313), h s dn nhit ca vt liu l{: = 16,3
(W/m.)
4.1.1. Tnh hiu s nhit trung bnh
Nhit vo ca dung dch l t

= 25
o
C
Nhit ra ca dung dch l t

c = t

s = t

F = 73,8
o
C
Hi t l{ hi nc bo ha nn nhit khng thay i v l nhit
si p sut ~ chn (2 at) : 119,6
o
C
=>{

Hiu s nhit trung bnh gia hai lu th tch theo cng thc:

t

tb
=
t

1 - t

2
ln
t

1
t

2
=
= 67,275
o
C
Vy nhit trung bnh ca dung dch l:



t

tb = 119,6 67,275 = 52,325
o
C
4.1.2. Tnh lng nhit trao i
Lng nhit cn thit un nng hn hp {u t nhit 25
o
C n
nhit si ca hn hp u 73,8
o
C, tnh theo cng thc:
Q = m.C

P.(t

c - t

) (J/s)
Trong :
m: Lng dung dch a v{o (kg/s) m = F =
= 2,77 (kg/s)
C

P
: Nhit dung ring ca dung dch (J/kg.) t

tb
= 52,325
o
C

Ni suy theo bng I.153 v I.154 (S tay I - 171) ta c:
C

1 = 4184 (J/kg.); C

2 = 2724 (J/kg.)
Nng u hn hp l: a

F = 32,7%
C

P = C

1.a

F + C

2.(1 - a

F)
= 4184.0,327 + 2724.(1 - 0,327)
= 3201,42 (J/kg.)
t

, t

c
: Nhit vo v ra ca dung dch (
o
C)
Vy :
Q = 2,77.3201,42.(73,8 - 25) = 432755,15 (J/s)

4.1.3. Tnh h s cp nhit.
Qu trnh truyn nhit gm 3 phn:
- Cp nhit bng hi nc bo ha cho thnh ng truyn nhit:
q

1 =

1.

t

1
(W/m
2
)

1 : H s cp nhit ca hi t (Wm
2
.)

t

1
: Hiu s nhit ca hi t v thnh ng tip xc vi vi hi t

t

1
= t

tb - t

T

1



- Dn nhit t thnh ng pha tip xc vi hi sang th{nh ng tip
xc vi lng (dn nhit qua 1m
2
thnh ng)
Lng nhit ca qu trnh ny:
q

o =
1
r
.t

T (W/m
2
)
r : Tng nhit tr ca thnh ng (m
2
./W)
t

T = t

T

1
- t

T

2
: Hiu s nhit gia hai pha thnh ng (
o
C)
t

T

1
, t

T

2
: Nhit hai pha thnh ng
- Cp nhit t thnh ng pha tip vi pha lng cho hn hi lng
q

2 =

2.t

2

2 : H s cp nhit t thnh ng (W/m
2
.)
t

2 = t

T

2
- t

2

a. Xc nh ch chy ca hn hp cht lng trong ng (tnh chun s
Re)
Re =
W.l.

Trong :
W : Tc dng chy lng t chy trong ng
Ta chn tc chy ca cht lng trong ng l ch t chy
Chn W = 0,3 (m/s)
l : Kch thc hnh hc l = d

t
: nht ca hn hp nhi trung bnh t

tb trong thit b truyn
nhit
c x|c nh theo cng thc: lg = x

F.lg

1 + (1 - x

F).lg

2

1,

2 : nht ca nc v metylic nhit t

tb

1=0,6346.10
-3
(N.s/m)



2=0,8.10
-3
(N.s/m)
Suy ra:
lg

hh = 0,6152.lg0,6346.10
-3
+ (1 - 0,6152).lg0,8.10
-3

= - 3,158 (Ns/m)
= 0,695.10
-3
(Ns/m)
: Khi lng ring ca hn hp t

tb = 52,325
o
C
1

x
=
a

F

x1
+
1 - a

F

x2

x1
,

x2
: Khi lng ring ca nc v metylic nhit t

tb


x1 = 990,2 (kg/m
3
);

x2 = 770,4 (kg/m
3
)
Vy:
=
\
|
.
|
| a

F

x1
+
1 - a

F

x2
-1
= 830,69 (kg/m
3
)
l = d

td : ng knh tng ng ca ng truyn nhit
Chn kch thc ca ng truyn nhit l 25 x 2 mm
Trong 25 l{ ng knh ca ng v 2 l b dy ca ng
Vy ng knh trong ca ng l d
td
= 25-2 2 =21 (mm)= 0,021m
Do : Re =
=12815,854> 10
4

Ch chy ca cht lng trong ng truyn nhit l ch chy
xoy
Tnh chun s Pr
Chun s Pr c x|c nh theo cng thc:
Pr =
C

P.

Trong : C

P, ~ tnh c trn
: H s dn nhit ca dung dch, x|c nh theo cng thc I.32 (T I -
123)
= A.C

P..
3
M



Trong :

C

P = 3201,42 (J/kg.)
= 830,69 (kg/m
3
)
M : khi lng mol trung bnh ca hn hp lng
M = 25,518 (kg/kmol)
A: h s ph thuc vo mc lin kt ca cht lng
Vi cht lng lin kt c A = 3,58.10
-8
(S tay I - 123)
Suy ra:
= 0,303 (W/m.)
Vy:
Pr =
= 7,343

c. Tnh h s cp nhit v pha dung dch

2 (W/m
2
.)
Nu =

2.
d

td

M ch cht lng l chy xoy nn:
Nu = 0,021.

1.Re
0,8
.Pr
0,43
.
\
|
.
|
| Pr
Pr

t
0,25
(S tay II-14)

1 : H s hiu chnh tnh n nh hng ca t s chiu d{i v{ ng
knh d ca ng
Theo bng V.2 (S tay II - 15)
l
d
>50 =>

1 = 1
Pr

t : Chun s Prant ca hn hp lng tnh theo nhit thnh ng
Pr
Pr

t
: Th hin nh hng ca dng nhit (un nng hay l{m ngui)
Khi chnh lch gia tng v dng nh th
Pr
Pr

t
1 (theo S tay II - 15)
Do h s cp nhit v pha hn hp lng:



2 = 0,021.
d

td
.

1.Re
0,8
.Pr
0,43
.
\
|
.
|
| Pr
Pr

t
0,25

= 1380,277(W/m
2
.)

d. Tnh h s cp nhit ca hi bo ha
Khi tc hi trong ng nh (W

h < 10 m/s) v{ m{ng nc ngng
chuyn ng dng th h s cp nhit

1 ca hi nc b~o ha i vi ng
thng ng
= 2,04.A.
4
r

t1.H
(W/m
2
.) (S tay II - 28)
H: Chiu cao ca ng trong thit b gia nhit, chn H = 1,5 m
t

1 = t

n - t

T1 : hiu s nhit gia nc ngng (t

bh) v nhit pha
thnh ng tip xc (t

T1)
t

1 = t

bh - t

T1
Gi thit t

1 = 2,7
o
C
r : n nhit ngng t ca hi b~o ha t = 119,6
o
C
r = 526,964 (kcal/kg)=2206,29.10
3
(J/kg)
A: H s ph thuc vo nhit m{ng nc ngng t

m
A =
\
|
.
|
|
2
.
3
0,25
(S tay II - 29)
Vi: t

m = 0,5.(t

T1 + t

bh)
t

1 = t

bh - t

T1 => t

T1 = t

bh - t

1 = 119,6 - 2,7 = 116,9
o
C
t

m = 0,5.(116,9 + 119,6) = 118,25
o
C
Suy ra:
A = 179 +
188 - 179
120 - 100
(118,25 - 100) = 187,213 (Theo S tay II - 19)
Do :

1 = 2,04.187,213.
4
2206,29.10
3
2,7.1,5
= 10375,647 (W/m
2
.)
Vy nhit lng cung cp cho 1 m
2
thnh ng l:



q

1 =

1.t

1 = 10375,547.2,7 = 28014,247 (W/m
2
)
e. Tnh tng tr thnh ng r
r = r

1 + r

2 +

Chn b dy thnh ng truyn nhit = 2 mm ( TTQT &TB1- 343)
: H s dn nhit thnh ng, = 16,3 (W.m
2
.), i vi thp
X18H10T theo bng XII.7 (II - 313)
r

T1, r

T2 : Nhit tr lp cn do hi nc to thnh 2 pha thnh ng
Vi nc c cn bn:
1
r

T1
=
1
r

T2
= 2000 (kcal/m
3
.h.) ( TTQT&TB1-
346)
r

T1 = r

T2 =
1
2000.1,16
= 4,31.10
-4
(m
2
./W)
Vy:
r = 2.4,31.10
-4
+
2.10
-3
16,3
= 9,867.10
-4

f. Tnh hiu s nhit gia hai thnh ng
Nhit lng dn qua mt m
2
thnh ng: q

o = t

T.
1
r

t

T = q

o. r
Do qu trnh truyn nhit l n nh nn:
q

o = q

1 = 28014,247 (W/m
2
)
Do : t

T = 28014,247.9,867.10
-4
= 27,642
o
C
Li c: t

T = t

T1 - t

T2 ; t

T1 = 116,9
o
C
t

T2 = 119,6 - 27,642 = 91,958
o
C
M{: t

2 = t

T2 - t

2
Vi t

2
l nhit hn hp u un nng trong ng:
t

2 = t

bh - t

tb = 119,6 - 67,275 = 52,325
t

2 = 91,958 52,325 = 39,633
o
C
g. Tnh nhit lng do thnh ng cung cp cho dung dch
q

2 =

2.t

2 = 1380,277.39,633 = 54704,51 (W/m
2
)



Xt
q

1 - q

2
q

1
=
= 0,95 > 0,05 (chp nhn c)

Vy lng nhit trung bnh truyn cho 1 m
2
thnh ng l:
q

tb =
= = 41359,37 (W/m
2
)
i. Xc nh b mt ng truyn nhit.
B mt ng truyn nhit ca thit b gia nhit c x|c nh: F =
Q
q

Q l{ lng nhit un nng hn hp u n nhit cn thit
=> F =

= 10,463 (m
2
)
i. Tnh s ng truyn nhit, chn cch sp xp ng theo hnh 6
cnh
n =
F
.d

td.h
=
= 105,729
Ta chn tng s ng trong thit b l : 106 ng
Theo bng V.11 (S tay II - 48)
S hnh 6 cnh l : 5; S ng trn ng xuyn tm ca hnh 6 cnh l:
11
j. Tnh ng knh thit b gia nhit hn hp u
D = t.(b -1) + 4d (m) (S tay II - 49)
Trong :
t : bc ng t = 1,2.d = 1,2.0,025 = 0,03 (m)
d : ng knh ngoi ca ng: d = 0,025 (m)
S ng trn ng xuyn tm l: b = 11
=> D = 0,03.(11 - 1) + 4.0,025 = 0,4(m)
k. Tnh li vn tc, chia ngn:
Tnh vn tc thc ca cht lng i trong ng
W

t =
4.G

F
..d
2
.n
(m/s)
Vi: G

F = 9988,7 (kg/m
3
)
= 830,69 (kg/m
3
)
d = 0,021(m); n = 106 ng



W

t =
= 327,6 (m/h) = 0,091 (m/s)

c vn tc dng cht lng t ch chy xoy th cn tng vn tc
thc ca dng W

t bng phng ph|p chia ngn.
S ngn ca thit b l:
W
W

t
=
= 3,3
Ta chn l{ 4 ngn.
4.2. TNH BM V THNG CAO V

Hnh 4.1. S bm v{ thng cao v
K hiu:
H

o : Chiu cao tnh t mt thong ca b cha dung dch n mt
thong thng cao v (m)
H

1 : Chiu cao tnh t |y th|p n a tip liu (m)
H

2 : Chiu cao tnh t ni t bm n |y th|p (m)
Z: Chiu cao tnh t a tip liu n mt thong thng cao v (m)
Trong qu trnh sn xut, mun tnh to|n a hn hp u ln thng cao v,
m bo yu cu cng ngh cn phi tnh cc tr lc ca c|c ng
Z
H1
H2
H0
1 1
2
2



ng dn liu ca thit b gia nhit hn hp u t tnh chiu cao ca
thng cao v so vi v tr tip liu ca th|p v{ x|c nh cng sut, p sut
ton phn ca bm.
P = P

d + P

m + P

H + P

t + P

k + P

C (S tay I - 376)
Trong :
P

d : p sut ng hc hay p sut cn thit to tc cho dng
chy khi ra khi ng dn
P

m : p sut khc phc tr lc ma st khi dng n nh trong ng
thng
P

C : p sut cn thit khc phc tr lc cc b
P

H : p sut cn thit nng cht lng ln cao hoc khc phc p
sut thy tnh
P

t : p sut cn thit khc phc tr lc trong thit b
P

k : p sut b sung cui ng dn
Trong thit b chng luyn th|p a l c ng chy truyn th P

t = P

k
= 0
4.2.1. Tnh cc tr lc
a. Tr lc ca on ng t thit b gia nhit hn hp u n thp
Tnh p sut ng hc:
P

d =
2
2

Hn hp u v{o th|p: = 830,9 (kg/m
3
)
: Tc trung bnh ca dung dch i trong ng dn liu: =
4.V
d
2
.
=
4.G

F
d
2
.

d : ng knh ng dn liu: chn d = 150 mm, l = 3 m
=> =
= 0,189 (m/s)
Vy: P

d =
= 14,84 (N/m
2
)
Tnh p sut khc ph tr lc ma s|t: (P

m)



p

m = .
L
d

td
.
.
2
2
= .
L
d
.P

d
Vi d

td : ng knh trong ca ng truyn nhit: d

td = 0,05 (m); chiu
di ng dn L = 3 m
Tnh chun s Re: Re =
.d

td.

Vi : = 0,189 (m/s); = 830,9 (kg/m
3
);
: nht ca hn hp u ti t

F = 73,8
o
C
lg = x

F.lg

1 + (1 - x

F).lg

2

1,

2 : nht ca nc v metylic nhit t

F
Ni suy theo bng I.101. (S tay I - 91) ta c:

1=0,3351.10
-3
(N.s/m)

2=0,4023.10
-3
(N.s/m)
Suy ra:
lg

hh = 0,6152.lg0.3351.10
-3
+ (1 - 0,6152).lg0,4023.10
-3

= - 3,444 (Ns/m)
= 0,359.10
-3
(Ns/m)
Vy : Re =
= 21871,88 > 10
4

Ch chy ca dung dch trong ng l ch chy xoy
Tnh chun s Re gii hn:
Re

gh = 6.
\
|
.
|
| d

td
8/7
(S tay I - 378)
Chn ng trng km mi bnh thng theo bng II.15, (S tay I - 381)
: nhm tuyt i ca ng dn = 0,1 (mm)

=> Re

gh = 6.
\
|
.
|
| 0,05
0,1.10
-3
8/7
= 7289,343



Chun s Re khi bt u xut hin vng nhm:
Re

n = 220.
\
|
.
|
| d

td
9/8
= 220.
\
|
.
|
| 0,05
0,1.10
-3
9/8
= 239201,52
Ta c Re

gh < Re < Re

n => h s ma s|t c tnh theo cng thc:

= 0,1.
\
|
.
|
|
1,46.
d

td
+
100
Re
0,25
(S tay I - 380)
=> = 0,0294
Chn L = 3 m
Vy : P

m = 0,0294.
3
0,05
.14,84 = 26,177 (N/m
2
)
Tnh p sut khc phc tr lc cc b
P

C = .
W
2
2
= .P

d
Tr lc cc b qua c|c on ng gm:
- Tr lc vo ng ta chn

1 = 0,5
- Tr lc ca 2 khuu 90
o
, do 3 khuu mi khuu 30
o
to thnh
Chn
a
b
= 1 =>

2 = 0,3 II.16 (S tay I - 394)
- Tr lc van: Chn van tiu chun vi ng knh ng dn liu d
= 150 mm
Tra theo bng II.16 (S tay I - 397) c

4 = 4,4
Vy h s tr lc cc b l:
=

1 +

2 +

3 = 0,5 + 2.0,3 + 4,4 = 5,5
=> P

C = 5,5.14,84 = 81,62 (N/m
2
)
p sut ton phn cn thit thng tr lc trong ng dn t thit b
gia nhit hn hp u ti a tip liu:
P

1 = P

d + P

m + P

C = 14,84 + 26,177 + 81,62 = 122,637 N/m
2

Chiu cao ct cht lng tng ng:
H

1 =
P

1
.g
=
= 0.015 (m)



b. Tr lc ca ng dn t thng cao v n thit b gia nhit hn
hp u
Tnh p sut ng hc
P

d =
.
2
2

: Khi lng ring ca hn hp u 25
o
C

1

x
=
a

F

x
+
1 - a

F

x2
(I.2 - S tay I - 5)
Ni suy theo bng I.2 (S tay I - 9) ta c khi lng ring ca nc v
metylic nhit t = 25
o
C

x1 = 996,5 (kg/m
3
);

x2 = 787,5 (kg/m
3
)
a

F = 0,327 (phn khi lng)
Vy : = 845,486 (kg/m
3
)
Tc ca dung dch chy trong ng:
=
4.G

F
d
2
.

hh
= 0,1857 (m/s)
=> P

d =
= 14,58 (N/m
2
)

m)
p

m = .
L
d

td
.
.
2
2
= .
L
d
.P

d
Vi d

td = d = 0,15 m, chiu di ng dn L = 3 m
Tnh chun s Re:
Re =
.d

td.

Vi : = 0,1857 (m/s); = 845,486 (m/s)
: nht ca hn hp u ti 25
o
C
Tnh tng t nht trn ta c nht ca hn hp 25
o
C l:
= 0,871.10
-3
(Ns/m)

Vy :
Re =
= 27301,14 > 10
4



Re

gh = 6.
\
|
.
|
| d

td
8/7
(S tay I - 378)

=> Re

gh = 6.
\
|
.
|
| 0,15
0,1.10
-3
8/7
= 25584,082
Re

n = 220.
\
|
.
|
| d

td
9/8
= 220.
\
|
.
|
| 0,15
0,1.10
-3
9/8
= 823237,883 (T I -
379)
Ta c Re

gh < Re < Re

= 0,1.
\
|
.
|
|
1,46.
d

td
+
100
Re
0,25
(S tay I - 380)
=> = 0,026
Chn L = 3 m
Vy : P

m = 0,026.
3
0,15
.14,58 = 7,5816 (N/m
2
)
Tnh p sut khc phc tr lc cc b
P

C = .
W
2
2
= .P

d
Tr lc cc b qua c|c on ng gm:
- Tr lc vo ng
Ta c:
f

1
f

2
=
\
|
.
|
| d

1
d

cv
2
=
\
|
.
|
| 0,15
1,5
2
= 0,01
d

cv : ng knh thng cao v chn d

cv = 1,5 (m)
Tra bng II.16 (S tay I - 388) ta c

1 = 0,5
- Tr lc ca 2 khuu 90
o
, do 3 khuu mi khuu 30
o
to thnh



Chn
a
b
= 1 =>

2 = 0,3 II.16 (S tay I - 394)
- Tr lc van: Chn van tiu chun ng knh ng dn liu d =
150mm
Tra theo bng II.16 (S tay I - 397) c

3 = 4,4
Tr lc t ng vo thit b gia nhit hn hp u (t m)
C :
f

1
f

3
=
\
|
.
|
| d

1
d

3
2
=
\
|
.
|
| 0,15
0,25
2
= 0,36
d

1, d

3 l{ ng knh ng dn v{ ng knh thit b gia nhit hn hp
u.
Tra bng II.16 (S tay I - 388) ta c

4 = 0,356
Vy h s tr lc cc b l:
=

1 +

2 +

3 +

4 = 0,5 + 2.0,3 + 4,4 + 0,356 = 5,856
=> P

C = .P

d = 5,856.14,84 = 86,9 (N/m
2
)
Vy p sut ton phn thng tr lc cc b t thng cao v n thit b
gia nhit hn hp u l:
P

2 = P

d+P

m + P

C = 14,84 + 7,5816+ 86,9 = 109,32(N/m
2
)
Ta c chiu cao ct cht lng tng ng:
H

2 =
P

2
.g
=

= 0,013 (m)
c. Tr lc trong thit b gia nhit hn hp u:
Tnh p sut ng hc: P

d =
.
2
2

Hn hp u vo thp t

tb = 52,325
o
C c = 845,486 (kg/m
3
)
Tc ca dung dch chy trong ng: =
V
f

V : Th tch hn hp nhit trung bnh V =
F
(m
3
/s)
f : tit din ca b mt truyn nhit (m
2
)
2
. .
4.
d n
f
m
t
=

d : ng knh ng dn liu : d = 0,021 (m)



n : S ng ca thit b gia nhit : n = 106 (ng)
m: S ngn ca thit b : m = 4 ngn
=> f =
= 0,009
=> = 0,3 (m/s)
Vy P

d =
= 38 (N/m
2
)

m

p

m = .
L
d

td
.
.
2
2
= .
L
d
.P

d
Vi d

td = d = 0,021 m, chiu di ng dn l = 1,5 m
S ngn chia l{ 4 => chiu d{i on ng l: L = l.m = 4.1,5 = 6 (m)
Tnh chun s Re: Re =
.d

td.

Vi : = 0,3 (m/s); = 845,468 (m/s)
: nht ca hn hp u ti t

tb : = 0,695.10
-3
(N.s/m)
Vy : Re
= = 12851,856 > 10
4

Re

gh = 6.
\
|
.
|
| d

td
8/7
(S tay I - 378)
=> Re

gh = 6.
\
|
.
|
| 0,021
0,1.10
-3
8/7
= 2704,682
Re

n = 220.
\
|
.
|
| d

td
9/8
= 220.
\
|
.
|
| 0,021
0,1.10
-3
9/8
= 90140,38
Ta c Re

gh < Re < Re




= 0,1.
\
|
.
|
|
1,46.
d

td
+
100
Re
0,25
(S tay I - 380)
=> = 0,1.(1,46.

)
0,25
= 0,034

Vy : P

m = 0,034.
13,5
0,021
.43,125 = 942,589 (N/m
2
)
Tnh p sut khc phc tr lc cc b: P = .
W
2
2
= .P

d
Dng cht lng chy qua thit b gia nhit phi qua c|c ngn, chia 4
ngn nn c 4 t m, 4 t thu v 8 ln i chiu 90
o
(khi cht lng chy t
ngn n{y sang ngn kh|c)
Theo TTQT & Tb tp 1 (tr 163):Tit din ca vo thit b gia nhit bng
tit din ca ra bng f

1
00785 , 0
4
1 , 0 .
4
.
2 2
1
= = =
t t d
f
(m
2
)
Tit din khong trng 2 u thit b gia nhit i vi mi ngn:
f

2=
.D
2
4
.
1
m

D : ng knh thit b gia nhit hn hp u: D = 0,76 m
=> f

2 =
.0,76
2
4
.
= 0,1125 m
2

Tit din ca 1 ngn: f

3 =
.d
2
4
.
n
m
=
.0,021
2
4
.
= 0,01 m
2

Khi dng chy vo thit b t ng dn (t m):
=>

1 =
\
|
.
|
|
1 -
f

1
f

2
2
=
\
|
.
|
|
1 -
0,00785
0,05
2
= 0,71
Khi dng chy t khong trng hai u thit b v{o c|c ngn ca thit
b (t thu 9 ln)
=>

2 = 0,5.
\
|
.
|
|
1 -
f

3
f

2
2
= 0,5. (1-
)
2
= 0,48



Khi dng chy t c|c ngn ra cc khong trng hai u thit b (t
m 4 ln)

3 =
\
|
.
|
|
1 -
f

3
f

2
2
= 0,518
Khi dng chy ra khi thit b (t thu)

4 = 0,5.
\
|
.
|
|
1 -
f

1
f

2
2
= 0,355
Khi cht lng chy t ngn n{y sang ngn kia s dng 2 ng khuu
180
o
, d = 0,025 m =>

5
= 1,1
Vy =

1 + 9.

2 + 9.

3 +

4 + 18.

5
= 0,71 + 4.0,48 + 4.0,518 + 0,355 + 8.1,1 = 13,857
P

C = 13,857.43,125 = 597,583 (N/m
2
)
- Tnh tr lc thy tnh
P

H = .g.H (N/m
2
)
H: Chiu di ng truyn nhit
P

H = 845,468.9,8.1,5 = 12428,4 (N/m
2
)
Vy p sut ton phn cn thit thng tr lc trong thit b gia nhit
P = P

d + P

m + P

C + P

H
= 38 +942,589 + 597,583 + 12428,4 = 14006,572 (N/m
2
)
Chiu cao ct cht lng tng ng:
H

3 =
P
.g
=

= 1,69 (m)
4.2.2. Tnh chiu cao thng cao v so vi a tip liu
Theo phng trnh becnuli cho mt ct 1 - 1 ; 2 - 2 so vi mt ct
chun 0 - 0 (hnh 4.1). Coi cht lng chy ht t thng cao v (mt ct 1 - 1)
2 2
1 1 2 2
1 2
1 2
2 . . .
mm
P P
H H h
g g g g
e e

+ + = + + +

2 2
2 1 2 1
1 2
2 1
. . 2
P P
H H
g g g
e e

= + + h

mm
Trong :



P

1 = P

a = 9,81.10
4
(N/m
2
); P

2 = P

a + P

L
P

L : tr lc on luyn:
c P

L =
2280,615
(N/m
2
) => P

2 = 9,81.10
4
+
2280,615
= 100380,6
(N/m
2
)

1 : Khi lng ring ca hn hp u 25
o
C :

1 = 845,486 (kg/m
3
)

2 : Khi lng ring ca hn hp u t

F :

2 = 805,879 (kg/m
3
)

1 = 0 (m/s);

2 = 0,1857 (m/s)
h

mm = H

1 + H

2 + H

3 = 0,015 +0,013 + 1,69 = 1,718 (m)
H

1 - H

2 =
+
0,029
2
2.9,8
+ 1,718= 2,588(m)
Vy thng cao v t cao hn so vi a tip liu l 2,588 (m)
4.2.3. Tnh v chn bm
a. Tnh chiu cao ton phn ca bm:
H

o = H

1 + H

2 + Z
Vit phng trnh becnuli cho mt ct 1 - 1; 2 - 2, chn 2 - 2 lm chun
2 2
1 1 2 2
1 1 2
. .
. .
2 2
m
Z g P P P
e e
+ + = + + A

C : P

m : Tn tht do p sut tr lc (N/m
2
)
P

m = P

m1 + P

m2 + P

m3 (N/m
2
)
Vi :
P

m1 : Tr lc trong ng dn t thng cao v n thit b gia nhit
(N/m
2
)
P

m2 : Tr lc trong ng dn t thit b gia nhit n thp (N/m
2
)
P

m3 : Tr lc trong thit b gia nhit (N/m
2
)
P

m =109,32 + 122,637 +14006,572 = 14238,529 (N/m
2
)
Z =
1

1.g
.
(
(
(P

2 - P

1) +

2.

2
2
2
+ P

m
=.
= 1,62 (m)



H

1 = H

c + h

|y = 5,2 + 0,5 = 5,7 (m)
H

2 = 1 (m)
=> H

o = 5,7 + 1 + 1,62 = 8,32 (m)
b. p sut ton phn ca bm - Nng sut bm
Tr lc trong ng dn t b cha ln thng cao v:
P

m0 = P

ms0 + P

cb0 (N/m
2
)
Trong :
P

ms0 : Tr lc ma st (N/m
2
)
P

cb0 : Tr lc cc b (N/m
2
)
C:
- Chiu di ng: L

o = H

o + 0,2 = 8,32 + 0,2 = 8,52 (m)
- ng knh ng: d

o = 0,15 (m)
- Lu lng : G

F = 9988,7 (kg/h)
Th nng vn tc trong cht lng trong ng:
P

0 =

1.

o
2
2
(N/m
2
)
Trong :

o : Vn tc dung dich trong ng (m/s)

o =
G

F

1.0,785.d

o
2
= 0,185 (m/s)
P

0 = 24,34 (N/m
2
)
Tr lc ma st:
P

ms0 = .
L

o
d

o
.P

0 (N/m
2
)
Trong :
: H s ma st
nht ca dung dch trong ng

o = 0,695.10
-3
(Ns/m
2
)
Re =

o.

1.d

o

o
=
= 43794,02 > 10
4

Ch chy xo|y nn c x|c nh theo cng thc II - 464



(
(
A
+ |
.
|
\
|
=
7 , 3 Re
81 , 6
lg . 2
1
9 , 0

Vi loi ng thp khonong d ta chn theo bng I - 466, ta c nhm
tuyt i = 0,1 (mm)
nh|m tng i : = /d

o = 0,1/150 = 6,67.10
-4

2
9 , 0
7 , 3 Re
81 , 6
lg . 2

|
|
.
|
\
|
(
(
A
+ |
.
|
\
|
=

= 0,021
P

ms0 = 0,021.
8,82
0,15
.29,626 = 36,582 (N/m
2
)
Tr lc cc b:
0 0
.
cb
P P
e
A = A
(N/m
2
)
Trong :
: H s tr lc cc b
Cc tr lc cc b trong ng gm:
- Tr lc do van: Coi van m 50 % => = 2,1
- Tr lc do ng chuyn hng vi gc chuyn l 90
o
=> = 1,1
=> P

cb0 = (2,1 + 1,1).29,626 = 94,803 (N/m
2
)
Vy:
P

m0 = 36,582 + 94,803 = 131,385 (N/m
2
)
p sut ton phn ca bm:
PB = 1.g.H0 + P m0 = 845,468.9,81.8,32 + 131,385 =69137,8 (N/m
2
)
Nng sut ca bm:
q
=
. 1000
P . Q
N
B
(KW)
Trong :
Q : Lu lng th tch ca bm (m
3
/s)



Q =
G

F

1.3600
=
= 3,28.10
-3
(m
3
/s)
: Hiu sut ca bm
Hiu sut chung ca bm: =

o +

tl +

ck

o : Hiu sut th tch nh hng n s hao ht ca cht lng.

tl : Hiu sut thy lc tnh n ma st v to dng xo|y trong bm.

ck : Hiu sut c kh tnh n ma s|t c kh bm
: Ph thuc vo loi bm v{ nng sut bm
Theo bng I - 439 chn bm li t}m c:
= % 96 , 0 85 , 0
o
q chn 9 , 0 =
o
q
= % 85 , 0 8 , 0
tl
q chn 82 , 0 =
o
q
= % 96 , 0 92 , 0
ck
q chn 94 , 0 =
o
q
694 , 0 94 , 0 . 82 , 0 . 9 , 0 = = q

N =
= 0,326 (Kw)
Cng sut ca ng c in:
N

dc =
N

b

tr.

dc
(Kw)

tr : Hiu sut truyn ng, chn

tr = 1

dc : Hiu sut ng c in, chn

dc = 0,8
N

dc =
= 0,4075 (Kw)
Thng ng c c nng sut ln hn so vi tnh ton
N

tt = .N

dc vi = 1,5 2
Chn = 1,5 => N

dc = 1,5.0,4075 = 0,61 (Kw)



KT LUN
Do c im ca qu| trnh chng luyn l h s phn b thay i theo
chiu cao ca th|p, ng thi qu trnh truyn nhit din ra song song vi
qu trnh chuyn khi v vy lm cho qu trnh tnh ton v thit k tr nn
phc tp.
Mt kh khn na m khi tnh ton v thit k h thng chng luyn
lun gp phi l khng c cng thc chung cho vic tnh ton cc h s ng
hc ca qu| trnh chng lun hoc cng thc cha phn nh c y
cc tc dng ng hc, cc hiu ng ha hc, ha l, m{ ch yu l cng
thc thc nhim v trong cc cng thc tnh ton th phn ln phi tnh
theo gi tr trung bnh, cc thng s vt l ch yu ni suy, nn rt kh khn
cho vic tnh ton chnh xc.
Trong phm vi khun kh ca n mn hc, do thi gian khng cho
php ng thi do hn ch v kin thc l thuyt cng nh thc t sn sut
v{ }y cng l{ ln u tin tip xc vi |n nn tuy ~ c gng tm ti liu
cng nh tra cu cc s liu, c gng hon thnh bn |n n{y nhng vn
khng trnh khi nhng b ng, sai st. Em knh mong s gip v ch
bo ca cc thy c gio trong b mn.
Qua b{i n ny em xin gi li cm n ch}n th{nh n cc thy c
gio trong b mn, c bit l thy Nguyn Th Hu ~ quan t}m, gip ,
ch bo tn tnh gip em ho{n th{nh b{i n, gip em hiu r hn v mn
hc, phng ph|p thc hin tnh ton thit k, cch tra cu s liu, x l s
liu
Em xin chn thnh cm n.

Sinh vin thc hin
Nguyn Ngc Minh



TI LIU THAM KHO
1. S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht - Tp 1 - NXB
khoa hc v k thut.
2. S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht - Tp 2 - NXB
khoa hc v k thut.
3. Tnh ton cc qu trnh - thit b cng ngh ha cht v thc
phm - Tp 2 - NXB khoa hc v k thut.

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Trng i Hc Cng Nghip H Ni Khoa Cng Ngh Ha

Nguyn Ngc Minh MSV:0441120070 1

=> y =0,294x + 0,6735

(73,8- 90) = 257,065 (kcal/kg)

= 0,6245 (phn khi lng)

.(69-60) = 759,65 (kg/m

=0,1685 (phn khi lng)

= 0,0698 (phn khi lng)

=0,29035( phn mol)

= 0,822 (tha mn)

=0,818( tha mn)

: Nhit u v cui ca sn phm nh ngng t (

= 762,36 > 50 nh vy c th b qua P

.0,93.0,95 = 708,99 > 30

.0,6875.0,95 = 524,122 > 30

.0,028.7900.10 = 316,61 (kg)

.0,002.7900.8= 254,013 (kg)

.8,7.804,149 = 14059,355 (kg)

= 0,95 > 0,05 (chp nhn c)

= 327,6 (m/h) = 0,091 (m/s)

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