S

D#ng B&c X( H*ng Ngo(i Trong K. Thu1t S2y Bnh Trng

USING INFRARED RADIATION IN DRYING TECHNOLOGY

L V n Hong Tr !ng $&i h)c Bch khoa, $&i h)c $ N+ng

TM T4T Ngu n b$c x' h ng ngo'i *%+c dng c hi-u qu/ cao trong k1 thu4t s5y cc v4t li-u m7ng (bnh trng, cc lo'i c8 *%+c s5y lt...) th%:ng l nh<ng *n g%,ng. S= phn b> *%:ng *@ng nhi-t c8a mBt *n khng *Cu dDn *Fn lm cong vnh v4t li-u. GH cho v4t li-u *%+c chiFu *Cu cIn ph/i bJ tr kho/ng cch thch h+p gi<a cc ngu n *n. GH tKng hi-u su5t chiFu, tiFt ki-m nhin li-u cIn chLn kho/ng cch chiFu tJi %u tM ngu n *Fn v4t li-u v chLn v4t li-u thch h+p lm t%:ng ngKn cho cc my s5y h ng ngo'i. T5t c/ nh<ng v5n *C trn c ngh1a quan trLng trong vi-c sN dOng b$c x' h ng ngo'i *H s5y nguyn li-u. ABSTRACT Infrared radiation source is very highly effective in the drying technology for film materials (rice cake, sliced roots of various species), and expecially for glass lamps. The irregular distribution of isothermal line of a lamp makes the material curved. To ensure that the materials are exposed regularly, there must be suitable distances between energy sources. To increase the exposure efficiency and save materials, we must decide on the opimal exposure distance between the energy sources and the materials, and choose the appropriate material for the separating walls of the infrared drying equipment. Generally, all the mentioned factors are very important in material drying technology using infrared radiation.

1. GI I THI#U Hi#n t'i cc nh my s(n xu*t bnh trng xu*t kh,u, cc dy chuy.n s(n xu*t th/c ph,m trong 1 c cng 1o'n s*y, dy chuy.n b(o qu(n nguyn li#u ng2 c5c...ch0a p d7ng b8c x' h:ng ngo'i cho nn s(n ph,m thu 10;c c ch*t l0;ng ch0a cao (c(m quan, l0;ng vi sinh v=t...). >? 1(m b(o ch*t l0;ng cao c@n p d7ng kA thu=t s*y bCng tia h:ng ngo'i. NDu t'o 10;c 1E chiDu 1.u, chFn thD hi#u thch h;p v gi(m tGn th*t ngu:n chiDu sH t'o ra 1Et ph v. ch*t l0;ng cho cc s(n ph,m xu*t kh,u. M7c tiu cIa bi bo l nghin c8u kA thu=t chiDu bCng tia h:ng ngo'i 1? nng cao ch*t l0;ng s(n ph,m v qua 1 khuyDn co vi#c sJ d7ng rEng ri b8c x' h:ng ngo'i trong cc kA thu=t s*y th/c ph,m, tr0Kc mLt l nhMng lo'i nguyn li#u mNng. 2. NGUYN LI#U V PH&!NG PHP NGHIN C'U 2.1. Nguyn li u B ng bnh trng (0,42m) 10;c s(n xu*t O h;p tc x Nh<n lEc, An Nh<n, Bnh >Pnh vKi 1E ,m 53% 2.2. Ph$%ng php nghin c&u - Xc 1Pnh nhi#t 1E b. mRt chiDu bCng cRp nhi#t kD 10;c gLn pha sau b. mRt miDng kim lo'i phI 1en. - Xc 1Pnh bu:ng nhi#t 1E bCng nhi#t kD.

3. K(T QU* V TH*O LU-N 3.1. S( phn b) tr$,ng nhi t c.a ngu1n Dng 1n BCW 1? lm ngu:n b8c x' trong qu trnh nghin c8u. Trn hnh 1. GiKi thi#u tr0Sng nhi#t 1E khi chiDu mEt 1n c cng su*t 250W (10Sng knh b@u 1n 125mm), 10;c phn bG d7ng c7 1o vKi nhMng kho(ng cch khc nhau so vKi 1n. Khi gi(m kho(ng cch th nhi#t 1E trn b. mRt cIa 15i t0;ng bP chiDu t ng ln nh0ng 1E chiDu 1.u l'i gi(m 1ng k? (mUu bnh trng c 10Sng knh 0,2m bP cong vnh, c chG kh, c chG 0Kt)
0

Nhi#t 1E

>0Sng knh cIa vN 1n 12,5cm

20 60 100 140 180 240

1610C
40 80 120 160 200

Kho(ng cch 10cm 20cm

810C 450C 20 16 12 8 4 0 4 8 12 16 20 b b

40cm

Hnh 1: $ !ng ./ng nhi1t .4c tr ng cho tr !ng chi5u c7a m:t bng .n BGW D/a vo kDt qu( th nghi#m c th? bi?u diWn s/ phn b5 nhi#t 1E cIa 1n theo mEt kho(ng cch tX 1n 1Dn b. mRt s*y v theo bn knh bCng 1: thP, hnh 2. II=30cm Nhi#t 1E (0C)
700 650 600 550 500 450 400 350 300

II=40cm II=50cm II=60cm II=70cm Bn knh (cm)

S10 S7 S4 30 40 50 60 70 S1

Kho(ng cch,cm Hnh 2: $; th< v> trong khng gian ba chi@u

M7c 1ch cIa nghin c8u l ph(i tm bi#n php lm gi(m 1ng k? s/ thay 1Gi tr0Sng nhi#t 1E v t ng c0Sng kh n ng chiDu cho v=t li#u s*y. >? gi(i quyDt nhMng v*n 1. trn c@n ph(i nghin c8u nhMng v*n 1. sau 1y: - Ph0<ng php phn bG ngu:n sng. - Xc 1Png kho(ng chiDu tX ngu:n b8c x' 1Dn v=t li#u s*y. - ChFn v=t li#u 1? lm t0Sng ng n cho my s*y h:ng ngo'i. 3.2. Nghin c&u phn b2 ngu1n b&c x4 Trong t*t c( cc ph0<ng php phn b5 ngu:n (theo hnh vung, hnh chM nh=t c chi.u di thay 1Gi, hai hng, ba hng, qu( trm...) m chng ti 1 nghin c8u th nh=n th*y rCng chY c ph0<ng php phn b5 ki?u bn cS l t5i 0u nh*t v kDt qu( cho tr0Sng nhi#t 1.u nh*t, hnh 3 v 4. H0Kng chuy?n 1Eng cIa b ng t(i
0

C 1880C 1200C 500 wat 250 wat

60 50 40 30 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60cm

143

143 500

125

20 60 100 140 180 40 80 120 160 200

143

500

Hnh 3: S" .; phn bA cc .n theo .Bnh c7a hnh tam gic .@u

Hnh 4: $ !ng ./ng nhi1t .4c tr ng cho tr !ng chi5u c7a bng .n BGW . Dc x5p theo .Bnh cc hnh tam gic .@u (khoEng cch giFa cc .n v .Ai t Dng chi5u 200mm)

3.3. Xc 67nh kho9ng chi:u VKi kho(ng cch xc 1Pnh giMa cc 1n L, cc tr0Sng chiDu bP ch:ng ln nhau, 1i.u 1 1(m b(o 1.u tr0Sng nhi#t 1E. S/ ph7 thuEc giMa m=t 1E chiDu (1E chiDu sng n ng l0;ng) v kho(ng cch giMa cc 1n khi phn bG theo ki?u bn cS 10;c th? hi#n bZi cng th8c sau: P1 [3,5] q= 0,87 L2 [ 1: q - M=t 1E chiDu, W/cm2 P1- Cng su*t 1Pnh m8c cIa 1n, W. - H# s5 hi#u su*t sJ d7ng n ng l0;ng. L - Kho(ng cch giMa cc 1n, cm TX cng th8c trn ta th*y rCng khi gi(m kho(ng cch giMa cc 1n, cng su*t cIa 1n c th? bP gi(m xu5ng do ch=p cc bi?u 1: b8c x' cIa cc 1n ring bi#t. Trong th/c tD c nhi.u lo'i 1n khc nhau vKi nhMng thD hi#u khc nhau. M]i mEt thD hi#u c mEt kho(ng cch t5i 0u. Cho nn v*n 1. chFn gi trP t5i 0u L c nghAa th/c tD lKn. Qua qu trnh th nghi#m chng ti 1. xu*t L h 1,3 , (h l kho(ng cch ngu:n 1Dn b. mRt 15i t0;ng chiDu, 143 125 ).

3.4. Ch;n v<t li u 6= lm t$,ng ng>n cho my s@y h1ng ngo4i Ngu:n tGng n ng l0;ng b8c x' tc d7ng tKi v=t th? trong mEt 1<n vP thSi gian bP tGn th*t mEt ph@n do ph(n x', do xuyn qua v=t bP chiDu. ChY c mEt ph@n n ng l0;ng 10;c v=t th? h*p th7 l hMu ch: Q = Q px + Q xq + Q ht Khi chiDu ph(i h'n chD 10;c t5i 1a n ng l0;ng ph(n x' v n ng l0;ng xuyn qua, biDn cc lo'i n ng l0;ng ny thnh n ng l0;ng h*p th7 1? t ng hi#u su*t gia nhi#t. >? th/c hi#n 10;c 1i.u ny c@n ph(i chFn v=t li#u bao phI ngu:n b8c x' ph h;p. M8c 1E 1en cIa v=t th? l tY s5 giMa kh( n ng b8c x' ton ph@n cIa v=t th? 1 E, W/m2 v kh( n ng b8c x' ton ph@n cIa v=t th? 1en tuy#t 15i E0 c2ng O nhi#t 1E 1. E = [5] E0 NhMng s5 li#u 10;c th5ng k trong mEt s5 ti li#u [2,4] 1 ch8ng minh rCng: cng vKi thnh ph@n ha hFc, hnh d'ng, nhi#t 1E v cc yDu t5 khc th tr'ng thi b. mRt v=t li#u c (nh h0Ong 1ng k? 1Dn kh( n ng b8c x'. >5i vKi nhm 10;c 1nh bng b. mRt =0,04. Cn h# s5 ph(n x' R (nDu coi nhm l v=t th? xm): R=1-A=0,96. Cho nn nhm 1 1nh bng 10;c sJ d7ng rEng ri 1? lm t0Sng ng n cho cc my s*y h:ng ngo'i. 4. K(T LU-N 1. >? t ng c0Sng kh( n ng sJ d7ng b8c x' h:ng ngo'i trong kA thu=t s*y c@n phn bG ngu:n b8c x' lo'i 1n BGW theo 10Sng tam gic 1.u, m]i mt vung kho(ng 56 1n, vKi b. rEng cIa b ng t(i 0,5m2 c@n 28 1n. 2. ChFn gi trP kho(ng cch t5i 0u giMa cc 1n c nghAa th/c tD lKn. Kho(ng cch giMa cc ngu:n 1n L v kho(ng cch tX 1n 1Dn v=t bP chiDu h c lin quan nhau, t5t nh*t l chFn L h 1,3 . 3. >? t ng hi#u su*t gia nhi#t dng nhm 1 1nh bng 1? lm t0Sng ng n cho cc my s*y h:ng ngo'i. 4. > thiDt kD my s*y lin t7c thNa mn vKi 1i.u ki#n nghin c8u trn 1? s*y bnh trng vKi t5c 1E cIa b ng t(i 12m/ph. S(n ph,m kh 1.u c 1E ,m 7%, khng cong vnh. TI LI#U THAM KH*O [1] [2] [3] [4] Asselbergs E.A, Mohr W.P., Kemp I.G. Studies on the application of infrared in foot processing. Food Technol. 14 N 0 9.1980. Hall C.W., Theory of infrad Drying, Transactions of the ASAE, 1982. Schracder H.W., Rosberg D.W, Infrared Drying of Rough Rice, the Rice Journal, 1980. ^_`abceg i.k. me_op`p`_p _`qerspag`tut _avcwp`_x y zp{`tvtu_wpgs_{ }et~pggr{ }_pyt }eto!"vp``tgz_. k# $ty!p q_a_wpgs_p opzt&! t#er#tzs_ }_py!{ }et&cszty. 1983. 'p#p&py m.(. kc"sr _`qerserg`!o_ vc~ro_. ^tg)`peut_a&rz. 1975.

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