Microsporidium

MORPHOLOGY
Transmission electron micrograph of a microsporidian spore with an extruded polar tubule inserted into a eukaryotic cell. The spore injects the infective sporoplasms through its polar tubule.

Transmission electron micrograph of E. intestinalis depicting developing forms inside a parasitophorous vacuole (red arrows) with mature spores (black arrows).

LIFE CYCLE

LIFE CYCLE
Spores increase in number Completely fill the host cell cytoplasm Cell membrane is disrupted Releases the spores to the surroundings .

Infective form of microsporidia.

Spore extrudes its polar tubule and infects the host cell.

Microsporidia (free in the cytoplasm or inside A parasitophorous vacuole) develop by sporogony to mature spores

Infective sporoplasm is injected into the eukaryotic host cell through the polar tubule Extensive multiplication either by merogony (binary fission) or schizogony (multiple fission)

LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
MICROSOPY
staining technique used is the Chromotrope 2R method. the spore wall a bright pinkish red. belt- like stripe, which also stains pinkish red, Enterocytozoon bieneusi spores stained with Chromotrope 2R.

IMMUNO FLUORESCENCE ASSAYS (IFA) Molecular Methods (PCR)

Unidentified microsporidia stained with Chromotrope 2R.

TREATMENT
For gastrointestinal infections caused by Enterocytozoon bieneusi Fumagillin 20 mg orally three times daily . For disseminated (not ocular) and intestinal infection Albendazole 400 mg orally twice daily . For ocular infection Topical fumagillin bicylohexylammonium (Fumidil B) 3 mg/mL in saline (fumagillin 70 g/mL) eye drops Albendazole 400 mg orally twice daily for management of systemic infection.

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