Greenhouse Effect Gases Carbon dioxide fossil fuels deforestation increased by urbanisation sea is carbon store and when

heated, CO2 released

Methane cattle increased due to increasing population and wealth (more meat) landfills as they decay flooding, sea levels rising

Nitrous oxide fertilisers fossil fuels mining

Natural theories for global warming: 1. Milankovitch Cycle - Eccentricity Cycle: variations of earth orbit around sun either spherical or elliptical o Changes every 100,000 years o Effects amount of sunlight received o Spherical provides more constant temperature - Obliquity Cycle: o Earth tilted between 22-24.5o every 41,000 years o Affects northern parts most as more tilted the more parts of the earth have longer periods of less sun - Various combinations of orbit and tilt product different results - Evidence like ice cores matched his results but feedback mechanism needed Feedback effect: something that can amplify or reduce effect of something 2. Variations in solar output sunspot activity varies over 11 years more sunspot- more solar radiation sunspot- areas not releasing radiation some suggest up to 20% in 20th century of climate change is due to sunspots

3. Volcanic activity - Eruptions release ash, gas to stratosphere which reduces sunlight to earth - Reduces global warming Feedback mechanisms either amplify a change (positive) or make it smaller (negative).