Boxing Day Tsunami 2004 9.0-9.

3 on Richter Scale Indian Ocean Indonesia most affected then Sri Lanka o 168,000 died Somalia was worst hit African country o 30,000 people displaced India o 16,513 dead or missing Sri Lanka o 30,000+ deaths o 400,000 jobs lost o Economy based on fishing and tourism

Factors increasing vulnerability Whether inside or outside Quality of buildings Educational qualifications o 20% less likely to die if higher educational qualifications o 60% less likely to die if university degree as earning more so live in less risky places Most death occurring in poorer households

Countries focusing on tourism were more affected as they had removed natural areas like mangroves which act as a natural barrier against flooding. Rising sea levels Bangladesh o o o o o o 80% is low lying Could displace up to 40m people Vulnerable Glaciers melting in Himalayas will increase flooding in Bangladesh by 2030 Increase in malaria, starvation, displacement Adaptation options: o Technological solutions like sea walls o Flood prediction enabling evacuation o Changing land use and ban urban growth in high risk areas o Improve sanitation, waste and slum management so water infections during flood reduced

Netherlands o o o Over 50% of land reclaimed Densely populated and heavily developed Complex protection system

1m rise would cost $12,000 million protection

Maldives o o o o 311,000 people 1,196 islands- most 2m above sea level Rise of 0.5m would submerge most of country Economy dependent on tourism