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C S D LIU PHN TN Distributed Database

Ts. Nguyn c Thun ngducthuan@ntu.edu.vn HP: 0905444448 BM H thng Thng tin .H Nha Trang

Ni dung
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Tng quan Thit k CSDLPT Cu hi Phn tn Qun l giao tc iu khin tng tranh Khi phc s c

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] M. Tamer Ozsu and Patrick Valduriez, "Principles of Distributed Database Systems" Second Edition, Prentice Hall 1999. [2] Stefano Ceri, Giuseppe Pelagatti : Distributed Databases Principles & Systems McGraw-Hill International Editions. 1984 [3] P. Bernstein, E. Newcomer, "Principles of Transaction Processing Morgan Kaufmann, 1997. [4]. Trung Tun : C s D liu. NXB. Gio dc, 1997 [5] Ng B Tng Nhp mn CSDL phn tn, NXBKH&KT 2004 [6] Slide bi ging ca Anand Rajaraman (http://www.stanford.edu/class/cs347) [7] Slide bi ging ca M. Tamer zsu and Patrick Valduriez (http://www.cs.purdue.edu/homes/bb/cs542-06Spr/) [8] Slide bi ging ca Kien Hua (http://www.cs.ucf.edu/~kienhua/) [9] Bi ging C s D liu II - ca cc ging vin HBK H Ni

Chng I

TNG QUAN CSDLPT

nh ngha CSDLPT
Mt c s d liu phn tn (DDB) l mt b su tp nhiu c s d liu lin quan vi nhau c tri trn mng my tnh. Mt c s d liu h thng qun l phn tn (DDBMS) l phn mm qun l DDB v cung cp mt c ch truy cp trong sut phn tn H thng c s d liu phn tn (DDBS) = DB + Truyn thng

CSDLPT
Ch : c th d liu c phn tn (vt l) trn nhiu my. Tuy nhin, nu vic truy xut d liu ch ti duy nht mt my tch hp d liu ca cc my trn. Trng hp ny, khng thuc loi h thng c CSDL phn tn c xem xt.
CENTRALIZED DATABASE: C s d liu tp trung

DBMS tp trung trn mt mng

Site 1 Site 2 Site 5 Mng Truyn thng

Site 4

Site 3

Mi trng DBMS phn tn

Site 1 Site 2 Site 5 Mng Truyn thng

Site 4

Site 3

TI SAO CSDLPT CN THIT

L do t chc v kinh t (Organizational and economic reasons) Lin kt vi d liu c (Interconnection of existing database) S tng trng ca CSDL( Incremental growth) Gim chi ph truyn thng (Reduced communication overhead) Cn i hiu nng ( Performance consideration) tin cy v tnh sn sng (Reliability and availability)

NHNG C IM CA CSDL PHN TN

(FEATURES OF DISTRIBUTED VERUS CENTRALIZED DATABASE)

CSDL tp trung
iu khin tp trung (Centralize control) c lp d liu (Data independence) Rt gn d tha (Reduction of redundancy) Cu trc vt l phc tp v truy xut hiu sut cao (Complex physical structure & efficent access)

CSDL Phn tn
T qun trm (Site autonomy) Tnh trong sut (Transparent) Tnh lp d liu (Replication) Chng trnh ch ng (Navigational Program) S rng buc ton vn, phc hi v iu khin tng tranh (Intergrity, recovery, and concurrency control) Tnh ring r & bo mt (Privacy and security)

Nhng thch thc khi tip cn CSDLPT

Chuyn i DL S phc tp Chi ph

Kh khn

An ton&Bo mt

Thiu kin thc & kinh nghim

MT S BI TON KHI TIP CN CSDLPT

Thit k CSDL phn tn
(Distributed Database Design)

tin cy ca h qun tr CSDL phn tn

(Reliability of Distributed DBMS)

X l cu hi phn tn
(Distributed Query Processing)

H tr ca h iu hnh
(Operating System Support)

Qun tr th mc ph.tn
(Distributed Directory Management)

iu khin tng tranh phn tn

(Distributed Concurrency Control)

C s d liu khng ng nht

(Heterogeneous Database) Mobile Database Systems Peer to Peer Systems

Mi quan h gia cc bi ton

Directory Management

Query Processing

Distribution Design

Reliability

Concurrency Control

Deadlock Management

H QUN TR CSDL - PT
L phn mm cho php to lp CSDL phn tn, iu khin mi truy xut i vi CSDL-PT, m bo trong sut i vi ngi s dng.
Chng trnh qun tr DL a phng Chng trnh qun tr DL phn tn Chng trnh qun tr truyn thng DL Chng trnh qun tr t in DL

Cc chc nng c th ca H QTCSDL-PT

Chng trnh qun tr t in DL nh gi cu hi phn tn Qun tr giao dch phn tn Cc chc nng phc hi & ton vn DL

H QUN TR CSDL - PT
Mt s H qun tr CSDLPT (!) Distributed INGRES (UC-Berkley) SDD-1 (Computer Corporation of America) DB2 and System R* (IBM) SIRIUS DELTA (INRIA, France) RAID (Purdue) Oracle

PHN LOI H CSDL-PT

THUN NHT (Homogeneous)
-DDBMS vi h qun tr CSDL nh nhau ti mi trm , ngay c khi my tnh v/hoc h iu hnh l khng nh nhau

KHNG THUN NHT (Heterogeneous)

- DDBMS vi h qun tr CSDL khc nhau ti mi trm - C chc nng chuyn i gia cc m hnh d liu khc nhau ca cc h qun tr CSDL cc b khc nhau

PHN LOI H CSDL-PT

CC C IM CHNH CA CSDLPT
Chia s ti nguyn Tnh m
D m rng phn cng&phn mm Kt ni nhiu loi phn cng & phn mm B sung d dng cc dch v dng chung /c ch truyn thng

Kh nng song song

Nhiu ngi s dng ng thi tng tc Nhiu tin trnh Server chy ng thi, mi tin trnh p ng cc y/c t cc tin trnh Client khc

CC C IM CHNH CA CSDLPT
Kh nng m rng
M rng khng cn thay i phn mm h thng & phn mm ng dng

Kh nng th li
Dng kh nng thay th m bo s hot ng lin tc Dng cc chng trnh phc hi khi gp s c

Tnh trong sut Cho php ngi s dng cm tng nh CSDL ch cho mnh h

CC C IM CHNH CA CSDLPT
Cc c trng trong sut: Trong sut phn tn (Distribution transparency) Trong sut giao tc (Transaction transparency) Trong sut li (Failure transparency) Trong sut hiu nng (Performance transparency)

m bo tin cy v nht qun

An ton, bo mt thng tin Phc hi d liu Nht qun d liu

KIN TRC C BN CA CSDLPT

S tng th S phn on S nh v

S .x a phng 1 H qun tr CSDL ti site 1

S .x a phng i H qun tr CSDL ti site i

..

CSDL 1

CSDL i
Ng c Thun- H Nha Trang

KIN TRC C BN CA CSDLPT

S tng th:
nh ngha tt c d liu c t chc lu tr Trong MHQH: s tng th = tp cc quan h

S phn on:
Tp cc phn on (fragments) Mt qh tp cc phn on

S nh v:
Xc nh v tr lu tr cc phn on

S nh x a phng
Hnh nh vt l d liu ti mt trm

KIN TRC C BN CA CSDLPT

R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7
Quan h tng th Site 3 Site 2 Site 1

R8
Cc on nh vt l

Site 4

Cc mc trong sut t chc DL

Mc trong sut phn on
NSD thao tc trn CSDL thng qua quan h tng th, khng cn bit s phn on ca quan h tng th ny

Mc trong sut nh v
NSD bit s phn on, khi thao tc trn CSDL cn ch r d liu thuc phn on no, nhng khng cn bit v tr ca phn on

Mc trong sut nh x a phng

NSD bit s phn on v s nh v nhng khng cn bit v tr vt l ca phn on ti cc trm

Mt s kin trc phn tn

(1) Shared memory

P M

...

Mt s kin trc phn tn

(2) Shared disk

P M

P ... M ...

P M

Mt s kin trc phn tn

(3) Shared nothing

P M

P M

...

P M

Mt s kin trc phn tn

(4) Hybrid 1 Hierarchical or Clustered

P M P M

...

...

Mt s kin trc phn tn

(5) Hybrid 2
WAN

R
LAN #1 LAN #2

P M

...

P M

...

P M

...

P M

Mt s kin trc phn tn

(6) Hybrid Tandem-like

P M

P M

...

P M

P M

Vn ?!?!
H CSDLPT hay tnh ton song song? Parallel or distributed DB system? Khc bit hay tng ng? More similarities than differences!
Parallel DB Fast interconnect Homogeneous software High performance is goal Transparency is goal Distributed DB Geographically distributed Data sharing is goal (may run into heterogeneity, autonomy) Disconnected operation possible

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Nguyn c Thun ngducthuan@ntu.edu.vn