Hazmat (Hazardous Materials) w SCBA Training

By Lim Yee Teng

TV SD PSB

25 February 2011

Introduction
Definition of Hazardous Materials (Hazmat) Any substances such as Toxic industrial chemicals (TIC) Chemical warfare agent (CA) Biological agent (BA) Radioactive materials Fire & explosives that when released from its enclosure may pose unreasonable risks to Health, Safety, Property and Environment
TV SD PSB
25 February 2011

Role of HAZMAT ERTs

To response to Hazmat emergencies To contain the impact To identify the hazmat To isolate or confine the hazards To mitigate the hazards To return the situation to normalcy ASAP To decontamination Perform rescue and evacuation Apply first aid or medical treatment

TV SD PSB

25 February 2011

Role of HAZMAT ERTs

Hazmat emergency response work is extremely dangerous Always assume a worst-case scenario and place personal safety first Always be prepare

TV SD PSB

25 February 2011

Incident Priorities
Always protect life:

Save lives Minimise injuries Protect environment: Stabilisation of the incident Mitigate the impact Protect property

TV SD PSB

25 February 2011

Emergency Response Priorities

Who is the most important person in the response effort? Act accordingly to Standard Operating Procedures Protect yourself: never forget that your own life is as valuable as others lives Use your PPE: If you must approach, your knowledge of PPE and its strengths and limitations will help you to stay safe Other options: Distance is always better than protective clothing Time, duration of exposure
TV SD PSB
25 February 2011

Rule of thumb

To determine the distance to hazmat: If you can see the incident around your thumb, you are too close.

TV SD PSB

25 February 2011

Where do you Stand?

Standing too close, you may be at risk. Being too far away, you are ineffective There are only 3 basic zone areas in which you can stand in an event of emergency: 1.Cold Zone = Safe Zone 2.Warm Zone = Unsafe Zone 3.Hot Zone = Dangerous Zone

TV SD PSB

25 February 2011

The 3 Basic Zone Area

1. Cold Zone = Safe Zone No harmful effects from the hazardous materials exist at the present time 2. Warm Zone = Unsafe Zone (PPE needed) Atmospheres or conditions that will cause harm if you stay for a prolonged period of time 3. Hot Zone = Dangerous Zone Situations or conditions that are immediate threat to life and health This atmosphere could be deadly and result in catastrophic events
TV SD PSB
25 February 2011

Site Management & Control

Site management refers to management of the physical layout of the incident The key to good site management is to isolate and deny entry and call for help If you do nothing else in an event, always control the incident site. If no one can get close, no one get hurt A cautious approach is always the best way to respond to any emergency To stay alive, recognise and identify the hazardous materials If you dont know, dont go
TV SD PSB
25 February 2011

Health Effect Harm

Persons who have contact with hazardous materials may experience negative health effects because the chemicals interfere with normal function. Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) Threshold Limit Value Short-Term Exposure Limit (TLV/STEL) safety exposed for 15 minutes period Threshold Limit Value Time-Weighted Average (TLV/TWA) - safety exposed for periods of 8 hours per day, 40 hours per week Emergency Respond Planning Guideline 2 (ERPG-2) safety exposed for 1 hour w/o adverse effects
TV SD PSB
25 February 2011

Risk Evaluation
Risk probability of suffering harm or loss eg PPE,
evacuation area, etc Managing risk to minimize impact on: Life Property Environment Factors influencing level of risk Hazardous nature of materials Quantity of materials involved Proximity of exposure Level of available of resources to stabilize and control the incident
TV SD PSB
25 February 2011

Spill Kits Absorbent

What colour is use for acids, bases and solvents? Pink What colour is use for oil and hydrocarbons? Black

TV SD PSB

25 February 2011

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Chemical Hazard Labels

TV SD PSB

25 February 2011

Hazard Labels

TV SD PSB

25 February 2011

Hazard Labels

TV SD PSB

25 February 2011

Why wear BA Set?

Two main factors which make an atmosphere unsafe to breathe Oxygen deficiency Presence of toxic gas, vapour, mist, or dust A person can usually only hold their breath for under a minute, especially if undertaking some form of physical activity

TV SD PSB

25 February 2011

Why wear BA Set?

The presence of an irritant gas may cause you to sneeze or gasp in a matter of seconds. It is therefore highly dangerous to enter a toxic or oxygendeficient atmosphere without the appropriate protection

TV SD PSB

25 February 2011

COMPONENTS OF BA SET

TV SD PSB

25 February 2011

COMPONENTS OF BA SET
A cylinder of air under pressure

A face mask

TV SD PSB

25 February 2011

COMPONENTS OF BA SET
A cylinder harness

TV SD PSB

25 February 2011

WEARING OF BA SET
Full face piece donning procedure Open the cylinder valve

TV SD PSB

25 February 2011

WEARING OF BA SET
Fully extend the head straps and placed out over the front of the face piece Place your chin into the chin cup and hold the face piece snug against your face

TV SD PSB

25 February 2011

WEARING OF BA SET
Pull the head straps down over the back of your head, brushing away any hair from the sealing surface. Your first breath will activate the system, letting you breathe freely.

TV SD PSB

25 February 2011

WEARING OF BA SET
Pull straight back on the head straps to tighten.

Start with the lower chin straps and work your way up to the top straps

TV SD PSB

25 February 2011

WEARING OF BA SET
Positive Pressure / Regulator Test Insert two fingers between your cheek and the face piece, and gently lift the face piece away A good outward flow of air indicates the face piece pressure is positive After removing your finger to reseal the face piece, there should be no air leaking from the pressure-demand valve or face piece
TV SD PSB
25 February 2011

WEARING OF BA SET
Emergency Bypass Test Open the pressure-demand valve by rotating the emergency by-pass knob There should be a constant flow of air into the face piece Turn the knob back to the closed position.
TV SD PSB
25 February 2011

SAFETY TIPS
Breathing apparatus must always be put on in fresh air and removed in fresh air Nobody is permitted to begin usage of a set unless the cylinder is at least 80 % full As soon as the whistle sounds, the wearer must cease work immediately, go into fresh air and remove the set You should never exert yourself more than necessary
TV SD PSB
25 February 2011

SAFETY TIPS
Learn to pace yourself so that you will not exhaust easily and use air extremely quickly Care must be taken not to produce any sparks in inflammable atmospheres (e.g. solvent spills) The simple action of switching the light on or off may be enough to trigger an explosion

TV SD PSB

25 February 2011

Q&A Thank You

TV SD PSB

25 February 2011