Sng khe mnh v an ton khi lm ngh Nail

Hng dn cho nhn vin tim Nail

C Quan Bo V Sc Khe v An Ton Lao ng B Lao ng Hoa K

OSHA 3558-08 2012 VIETNAMESE

Ti liu ny c chuyn th t ti liu ting Anh Stay Healthy and Safe While Giving Manicures and Pedicures: A Guide for Nail Salon Workers, c son tho bi Chng trnh Y t Lao ng Ngh nghip (LOHP) ca trng i hc California Berkeley, v t chc California Healthy Nail Salon Collaborative, in n bi chng trnh Susan Harwood Grant, da vo ngun ti tr s SH20864SH0 ca C Quan Bo V Sc Khe v An Ton Lao ng, thuc B Lao ng Hoa K. nh chp v nh trch t video c cung cp bi the Asian Law Caucus v D n Street Level Health, y ban Y t Cng cng Boston, v Chng trnh X l Cht thi Nguy him ca Qun King. Hnh v minh ha c cung cp bi Mary Ann Zapalac.

Sng khe mnh v an ton khi lm ngh Nail

Hng dn cho nhn vin tim Nail
B Lao ng Hoa K C Quan Bo V Sc Khe v An Ton Lao ng
OSHA 3558-08 2012

B Lao ng Hoa K Hilda L. Solis, B Trng

Qua ti liu hng dn ny, bn s bit c nhng nguy him c th c trong cc tim Nail v nhng cch lm vic tt nn p dng trong cc tim Nail t bo v mnh trc cc mi nguy ha hc, au nhc bp tht, v cc bnh tt. Tp sch nh ny cng gii thch nhng quyn li ca bn khi lm ngh Nail. Mun bit thm thng tin, xin vo trang mng Health Hazards in Nail Salons ca OSHA ti www.osha.gov.

Ni dung
Cc Nguy C V Ha Cht .................................... 3
Ha cht c hi trong cc sn phm dng trong tim Nail ........ 3 Tm thng tin u v cc ha cht trong cc sn phm dng trong tim Nail ........................................................................ 4 Nhn sn phm............................................................................. 5 T thng tin v s an ton ca cht liu (thng c gi l MSDS) ...................................................... 5 Nhng bc cc bn c th thc hin bo v sc khe ........... 6 Chn cc sn phm an ton hn ................................................... 6 Thng gi trong tim v cho khng kh trong lnh vo tim........ 6 p dng nhng cch lm vic an ton trnh b phi nhim thng xuyn v bt ng .......................................... 7 Khng cho sn phm chm vo da v mt .................................... 8 Bo v c quan h hp ................................................................. 8

Phng chng au nhc ......................................... 10

Nhng bc cc bn c th thc hin gim ri ro ny .......... 10 Cc ng tc tp th dc cng dui c th cc bn c th lm gim au nhc ............................................................. 11

Nguy c sinh hc ................................................. 12

Nhng bc cc bn c th thc hin trnh b phi nhim v bo v sc khe .............................................................. 12

Quyn li ca bn khi lm Nail ............................ 13

u l s khc bit gia mt nhn vin v mt ngi lm vic theo hp ng, da trn b lut Bo V An Ton v Sc Khe Ngh Nghip? ....................................................................... 13 Ti sao s khc bit ny quan trng? .......................................... 14 Quyn li ca ti l g vi t cch l mt nhn vin? .................. 14 Lin lc vi OSHA ......................................................................... 15

Mun bit thm thng tin ..................................... 16

Ngun thng tin v phi nhim ha cht trong cc tim Nail ... 16 Ngun thng tin v phng chng au nhc bp tht (Nguy c ergonomic) ...................................................................... 18 Ngun thng tin v cch phng chng vic tip xc vi nguy c sinh hc .............................................................................. 18 Ngun gip nhn vin ca OSHA ........................................... 18 Chng trnh nh gi Nguy C Sc khe ca Vin NIOSH ... 19

Cc Nguy C V Ha Cht
Sn phm c dng trong cc tim Nail c th c cc ha cht gy tn hi cho sc khe ca bn. Ha cht c th i vo c th ca bn nu bn: Ht vo phi hi nc, bi, hay hi sng ca sn phm; sn phm dnh vo da hoc mt, hoc; Nut sn phm khi n dnh vo thc n v nc ung khng c che y, hoc thuc l. Ha cht nh hng tng c th khc nhau. Ha cht nh hng n bn nh th no cn ty thuc vo vic bn tip xc vi n nhiu hay t. Bn c th b bnh ngay lp tc, hoc b bnh sau mt thi gian. Phi nhim c th dn, c bit l khi s dng nhiu sn phm cng mt lc, khi cc sn phm ny c s dng ngy ny qua ngy khc, hoc khi tim khng c thng gi y . Nu bn s dng ha cht sut ngy, hng ngy, bn c nhiu ri ro b bnh hn nhng ngi ch thnh thong mi s dng cng cc loi ha cht . Hy thc hnh cc bc trong tp ti liu hng dn ny gip bn bo v sc khe ca chnh mnh.

Ha cht c hi trong cc sn phm dng trong tim Nail

Cc sn phm dng cho ngh Nail, chng hn nh cc cht nh bng, cht lm chc mng, cht ty ra mng, v cht lng lm mng nhn to, c th cha nhiu ha cht. Mt s cc ha cht ny c hi nhiu hn nhng ha cht khc. Tri qua thi gian s dng hoc tip xc vi nng cao v lp i lp li, ha cht c th gy tn hi cho c th hoc gy ra phn ng d ng. Mi ngi c nhng phn ng khc nhau, khng phi tt c nhng ngi ht phi cc ha cht ny hoc b chng dnh vo da u b nhng tc ng ny ngay lp tc hoc trong tng lai. Sau y l mt s ha cht c hi, chng c th nm trong cc loi sn phm no, v chng c th nh hng n c th ca bn nh th no: Acetone (thuc ty sn mng tay): gy au u, chng mt; v gy kh chu cho mt, da, v c hng. Acetonitrile (cht ty keo dn mng tay): gy kh chu cho mi v hng; kh th; bun nn; i ma; suy yu v kit sc. Butyl acetate (sn mng tay, ty sn mng tay): gy au u v kh chu cho mt, da, mi, ming, v c hng. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) (sn mng tay): gy bun nn v kh chu cho mt, da, mi, ming, v c hng. Tip xc lu ngy vi nng cao c th gy ra nhiu tc ng nghim trng khc.

Li khuyn: Hy ni r cho bc s hoc chuyn vin chm sc sc khe cho cc bn bit loi cng vic cc bn ang lm v cc ha cht m cc bn s dng. Hy cho h bit nu cc bn ang mang thai hoc d nh c thai.

 Ethyl acetate (sn mng tay, ty sn mng tay, keo dn mng tay): gy kh chu cho mt, d dy, da, mi, ming v c hng; nng cao c th gy ra ngt xu. Ethyl methacrylate (EMA) (cht lng lm mng tay nhn to): gy bnh hen suyn; gy kh chu cho mt, da, mi, v ming; u c kh tp trung. Tip xc trong khi mang thai c th nh hng n a tr. Formaldehyde (sn mng tay, lm cng mng tay): gy kh th, k c ho, ln cn ging nh b hen suyn, v th kh kh; phn ng d ng; gy kh chu cho mt, da, v c hng. Formaldehyde c th gy ung th. Isopropyl acetate (sn mng tay, ty sn mng tay): gy bun ng, v gy kh chu mt, mi v c hng. Methacrylic acid (sn lt mng tay): gy bng da v kh chu mt, da, mi, ming, v c hng. nng cao, ha cht ny c th gy kh th. Methyl methacrylate (MMA) (sn phm lm mng tay nhn to, mc d b cm s dng trong nhiu tiu bang): gy bnh hen suyn, gy kh chu mt, da, mi, v ming; u c kh tp trung; mi khng phn bit c mi. Hp cht amoni (cht kh trng): gy kh chu da v mi v c th gy ra bnh hen suyn. Toluene (sn mng tay, keo dn mng tay): lm da kh hoc nt, nhc u, chng mt v t t; gy kh chu mt, mi, hng, v phi; lm h gan v thn; v gy nguy hi cho thai nhi trong thi k thai nghn. Bo cho ch nhn v bc s ca bn bit v bt k vn sc khe no m bn ngh l do cc sn phm bn s dng ti ni lm vic gy ra. Ch nhn phi c hnh ng k tip khi c cng nhn bo co cc vn lien quan n sc khe.

Tm thng tin u v cc ha cht trong cc sn phm c dng trong tim Nail

Bn c th nhn c thng tin v sn phm trn bao b, hoc trong cc ti liu in n i km vi cc sn phm, v d nh t thng tin v s an ton ca cht liu.

Nhn sn phm
t nht th nhng sn phm no c s dng hnh ngh trong cc tim Nail c cha cc ha cht nguy him cng phi cung cp cc thng tin sau y: Tn v a ch ca nh sn xut hoc nh phn phi sn phm; Thng tin gii thch v loi v cch s dng sn phm, v d tn sn phm, m t sn phm, hoc minh ha;
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 Thng tin v sn phm, v d hng dn cch s dng an ton nu sn phm c th khng an ton nu s dng khng ng cch; v Tt c cc li cnh bo v yu cu thn trng cn thit.

T thng tin v s an ton ca cht liu (thng c gi l MSDS)

OSHA yu cu cc nh sn xut sn phm cung cp cho cc ch tim Nail nhng t thng tin v s an ton ca cht liu (MSDS)1 cho cc sn phm h mua c cha ha cht c hi. Ngi ch phi c sn nhng t MSDS cho bn xem. Ngi ch cng phi gii thch cc bn hiu c mi nguy tim n ca cc ha cht v lm th no s dng sn phm mt cch an ton. Ni chung, mt t MSDS phi c cc thng tin sau y: Cc thnh phn nguy hi trong sn phm; Bn c th tip xc vi cc thnh phn ny nh th no; Nhng ri ro i vi sc khe v s an ton m bn phi i mt khi s dng sn phm; Cc bc s dng v lu tr sn phm mt cch an ton, bao gm nhng vic phi lm trong trng hp khn cp. Gn y OSHA cp nht cc quy nh v yu cu trn t d liu an ton. T thng tin v s an ton ca cht liu (MSDS) by gi c gi l T d liu an ton (SDS). Ni chung, t SDS s lit k cc thng tin tng t nh t MSDS, nhng mi thng tin s c trnh by theo mt dng chung cho tt c cc sn phm. iu ny c th gip bn so snh s khc bit v s nguy him gia cc sn phm. Xin nh rng cc t MSDS khng th cha tt c nhng thng tin cn thit gip bo v bn. V d, nh sn xut c th ni bn nn eo gng tay chng thm thu nhng khng xc nh no.

Nhng bc cc bn c th thc hin bo v sc khe

Chn cc sn phm an ton hn
Bt c khi no c th c, hy s dng cc sn phm c t ha cht c hi nht. o 3-khng: Ngy nay mt s sn phm t cho l c sn xut m khng c b ba c hi (toluene, formaldehyde v dibutyl phthalate). Nhng sn phm ny c gi l sn phm 3-khng.2
1 C ghi trong ti liu v tiu chun thng tin nguy him ca OSHA, ni mc 29 CFR 1910.1200 2 Ngy 10 thng 4 nm 2012, C quan Gim st cc Cht c hi ca tiu bang California (DTSC) loan bo tm thy mt s thuc nh bng mng tay v sn phm chm sc mng tay c th gy nguy him cho th Nail v cng chng, mc d c qung co l khng c hi. Trong thng 5 nm 2011, DTSC th nghim 25 sn phm lm mng tay do cc nh phn phi California bn

Khng axt: Mt s sn lt t cho l c sn xut m khng c ha cht nh axt methacrylic. Nhng sn phm ny c dn nhn acid free (khng axt). Hy lun lun c nhn sn phm v cc t MSDS v lm theo hng dn ca nh sn xut khi s dng tt c cc sn phm lm Nail, k c nhng sn phm c dn nhn ni l free (khng c) cc ha cht c hi.
o

Thng gi trong tim v cho khng kh trong lnh vo tim

Thng gi l cch tt nht gim mc ha cht trong tim. Cc bc ny c th thc s gip ci thin sc khe ca bn: M ca ra vo v ca s khi c th, cho khng kh trong lnh vo. Nu tim Nail c mt l thng hi trn trn, l ny phi c m ra v hot ng tt. Lun lun cho h thng thot hi ca tim Nail hot ng. Nu tim ca cc bn khng c h thng thot hi, trong gi lm vic lun lun m h thng si, thng gi, v iu ha khng kh, gi chung l h thng HVAC. Nt qut trn hp o nhit ca h thng HVAC lun lun gi v tr on (khng c v tr auto) qut vn chy khi tt my si hoc my lnh. Ch tim Nail nn nh mt nh thu HVAC lm sch h thng HVAC v thay th cc b lc t nht mi nm mt ln. cc qut gn ca ra vo hoc ca s m. Cc qut s ht khng kh vo mt u ca tim v y khng kh ra ngoi u kia. Nu tim Nail c cc bn c thng gi: o Hy bt ln cho c gi. o Thay b lc dng than t nht mi thng mt ln. o Ra sch chu hng t nht mi tun mt ln.

nh ca bn c thng gi l ca y ban Y t Cng cng Boston cho php s dng.

Thng gi khng ng cch: Khng kh bn ngoi t ca s m ra thi cc ha cht vo mt ca ngi th trc khi thot ra khi tim.

Thng gi ng cch: Khng kh bn ngoi t ca s m ra thi cc ha cht khi mt ca ngi th trc khi thot ra khi tim.

ra. Trong s 12 sn phm c qung co l toxic-free (khng c cht c hi), 10 sn phm c toulene v 4 c dibutyl phthalate (DBP). Mun bit thm thng tin, xin gi s (800) 728-6942 hoc vo trang mng www.dtsc.ca.gov.

 Nu tim Nail c my thng gi di ng, hy s dng my ny ti ni lm vic ca cc bn y hi c hi ra xa cc bn v khch hng.

p dng nhng cch lm vic an ton trnh b phi nhim thng xuyn v bt ng
Tr ha cht trong cc chai nh c np nh v gn nhn c ghi cc thng tin ly t nhn ca nh sn xut. ng cht chai khi bn khng s dng sn phm khi trn hoc thot vo khng kh. S dng thng rc bng kim loi c np y t ng cht gi cho cc sn phm lm mng tay tm bng gn v cc th rc khc khi bc hi v bay vo khng kh ca tim. o Nm vo thng rc ngay lp tc nhng ming bng gn v cc vt liu khc c tm ha cht. o Nu bn khng c thng rc bng kim loi c np y t ng, hy b cc ming bng gn v cc vt liu c tm ha cht vo mt ti bt kn trc khi nm vo thng rc v che y chng trong thng. o thng rc thng xuyn v a thng rc t ni lm vic ra ch cha rc bn ngoi vo cui ngy. Ch s dng s lng sn phm cn thit thc hin cc dch v. Nu c, khng sn phn qu s cn thit ti ch lm vic. Lm theo nhng hng dn v cch loi b an ton cc ha cht s dng xong. KHNG chng xung bn ra hoc nh v sinh, khng nm chng xung t hoc xung cng rnh ngoi ng, hoc chng vo cc ming bng gn. o Mt s ha cht phi c loi b mt cch c bit. V d, cht lng acetone s dng xong phi c gi trong mt ng bng kim loi c s cu ha ph duyt v phi b loi b nh cht thi nguy hi. Ra tay trc khi n, ung, trang im, v ht thuc. Vo lc gii lao, hy ra ngoi c c khng kh trong lnh. l nhng dp cc bn thot c nhng ha cht trong khng kh ca tim. Lun lun y cc thc n ung, v khng ct thc n hoc n ung ti ni lm vic.

Khng thng gi: Nu h thng thng gi khng hot ng, mc ha cht trong lc g mng bt ln rt cao (trn 826 phn mi mt triu).

C thng gi: Khi b phn thng gi hot ng, mc ha cht gim ng k trong khi lm cng vic tng t (di 12,4 phn mi mt triu).
Hnh nh do chng trnh Qun l Cht thi Nguy him a phng ca Qun King, tiu bang Washington cho php s dng.

Khng cho sn phm chm vo da v mt

Mc o tay di bo v cnh tay, qun di hoc vy di n u gi bo v i ca cc bn khi tip xc vi mng bt v cc th bi khc. Ra tay trc v sau khi phc v khch hng; trc khi n, ung, trang im hoc ht thuc; v sau khi dng hoc sang st sn phm. Mang knh bo h v cc loi gng tay ch dng mt ln v thch hp khi dng v sang st sn phm. V d, gng tay lm bng hp cht nitrile (thng l mu xanh dng hoc tm) bo v chng li nhiu ha cht c s dng trong cc sn phm ca tim Nail, nhng gng tay cao su hoc nha vinyl l thch hp khi dng acetone. Thay gng tay ngay lp tc nu c vt t, vt rch, hoc l thng. Che v bo v cc vt t hoc vt nt trn da bn. Da c nhng vt ny c th lm tng s hp th v phi nhim ha cht. Ngng s dng mt sn phm nu bn thy c du hiu da bn b kh chu. o Nu tay ca bn b v kh chu, kim tra xem gng tay ca cc bn c ng l loi dng cho cc sn phm m cc bn ang s dng hay khng.

Bo v c quan h hp
S dng cc phng php thng gi c m t trn, s dng cc sn phm khng c ha cht c hi, v lm theo cc tp qun lao ng tt, tt c u gip gim mc ha cht trong tim Nail. Nu cc bn lm vic trong mt tim Nail theo ng cc tp qun lao ng ny, cc bn c th khng cn phi bo v ng h hp. nh gi ri ro c th xy ra Ngi ch cn phi xc nh xem liu mc ca bi v/hoc hi ha cht trong tim c gy ra ri ro cho ngi lao ng hay khng v quyt nh c cn mang khu trang hay khng. Ngi ch cc tim nh c th s dng nhng dch v v sinh cng nghip c sn, thuc Chng trnh T vn Ti ch ca OSHA. Cc nhm khc c th gip bao gm cng ty bo him t nhn cho ngi ch hoc cc cng ty t vn v sinh cng nghip t nhn. V cc ha cht c th tc ng ngay c mc thp, bn c th quyt nh nn eo khu trang bo v mnh trong khi sang st ha cht hoc khi nh bng v da mng. Cc loi khu trang Nhiu th lm Nail eo khu trang y khoa lm bng giy hoc vi. Loi ny khng ging nh khu trang chng bi (khu trang lc), v ngay c khi c n thm giy lau mng, chng cng khng bo v bn khi ht th kh, hi, hoc bi c hi.
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Di y l mt s loi khu trang nn s dng trong cc tim Nail:

Khu trang lc (Mt n chng bi)

Cc bn ch nn dng loi khu trang lc c Vin NIOSH ph duyt. N95 l mt trong cc loi ny. Loi khu trang ny s: Gip cc bn chng bi, vi rt v vi trng. Loi khu trang ny s khng: Bo v cc bn chng hi hoc cht kh. Mt s loi N95 c b lc gip gim mi hi ha cht, nhng chng c th khng bo v bn chng cc mc tip xc vi ha cht c hi. Khu trang lc hu ch khi bn: nh bng hoc da mng tay; hoc S dng bt p mng. Bn khng cn eo mt n trong sut ngy lm vic, m ch cn eo n khi bn lm vic vi khch. Khi eo mt n ny, bn nh ra tay sch s trnh lm da bn kh chu. Nu ngi ch cho php cc bn t nguyn eo loi khu trang ny, th ngi phi cho bn xem ti liu c tn l Appendix D of the OSHA Respiratory Protection Standard (Ph lc D ca Tiu chun Bo v H hp ca OSHA,) trong c gii thch mt s thng tin quan trng v cch s dng khu trang an ton v c hiu qu.

Khu trang che na mt c b phn lc

Khu trang che na mt c b phn lc gip bo v bn trnh ht vo cc loi hi ha cht. Loi khu trang ny s: Bo v bn trnh ht vo cc loi kh v hi ha cht (chng hn nh formaldehyde). Ngi ch ca bn c th yu cu bn eo loi khu trang ny khi cc bn: Sang st ha cht t chai ln sang chai nh; hoc Lau chi nhng ch trn ln. Nu bn phi s dng loi khu trang ny th: Ngi ch ca bn phi trnh by v chng trnh bo v ng h hp; Bn phi c trang b v ch dn eo khu trang ng cch; Ngi ch ca bn phi nh gi v cung cp cc b phn lc ph hp vi cng vic cho bn; v Bn phi bit cch thay v khi no phi thay b phn lc, v ngi ch phi cho bn bit lch trnh thay th b phn lc.

Phng chng au nhc

Th Nail c th b au nhc khi ci ngi trn bn lm vic trong mt thi gian di; lm cc ng tc lp i lp li nh da v nh bng mng; v da tay, c tay, cng tay v/hoc khuu tay vo cc b mt cng hoc c cc cnh sc ca bn lm vic. Nhng iu ny thng c gi l ri ro v ergonomic hay ri ro i vi c xng v chng nh hng n c bp v xng ca bn. Ergonomics l khoa hc nghin cu cch to nhng thit b ph hp vi nhim v ca ngi lao ng bn c thoi mi hn v t hiu qu hn khi lm vic. Cc tp qun lao ng tt theo khoa hc ergonomics s gim bt cng thng cho c th ca bn v gip bn trnh au nhc.

Nhng bc bn c th thc hin gim ri ro ny

Trong nh ny c nhng im no sai?

Bn thy c nhng ci thin no?

Dng gh c th iu chnh. Ngi cch no bn chn ca bn t phng trn sn nh v lng ca bn c g chng . Dng gc chn nu bn chn ca cc bn khng chm vo sn nh c khi ngi. Phi c khong cch thong t mt sau ca u gi n cnh pha trc ca gh ngi mu c th lu thng n chn cc bn mt cch d dng hn. iu chnh nh sng. nh sng tt c th gip bn nhn r m khng cn ci ngi xung. Nng cao tay hoc chn ca khch hng. S dng mt tm m nng cao bn tay hoc bn chn ca khch cc bn khi ci xung nhiu. S dng knh an ton c mt knh phng i. Loi knh ny gip bn bt ci xung thy bn tay hay bn chn ca khch. Lt mt chic khn hoc ming xp trn cnh bn ch tip xc ca bn tay, cnh tay, c tay, v khuu tay c m hn. Lt ming m mm trn cc dng c lm cn ca dng c ln hn v d nm hn. Hy ngh gii lao thng xuyn nu c, thay i v tr v lm mt nhim v khc cng rt hu ch. Gi tc lm vic u n. Khi cc bn lm vic qu nhanh, c th ca cc bn c th b cng thng, v iu ny c th gy ra au c bp. Lm cc ng tc th gin nh nhng, ging nh cc ng tc ni trang sau, trong lc ch i khch mi. Bn c th cn phi tham kho trc vi bc s!

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Cc ng tc tp th dc cng dui c th bn c th lm gim au nhc

C: Gi cho cnh tay v vai thoi mi: Nghing u sang mt bn trong 2 giy. Nghing u sang pha bn kia trong 2 giy. Ngn tay: Dui thng cc ngn tay ra v gi trong 8 giy. Th gin. Qup hai bn tay li v gi trong 8 giy. Th gin.

Vai v lng trn: t mt bn tay ln vai v nhn hng i din. Dng bn tay kia ko khuu tay vo v nng n ln. Gi trong 2 giy.

Lng di v mng: Nghing ngi v pha trc, gi c th gin v ci u xung. Gi trong 8 giy trong lc ht th t t. Dng hai tay nng ngi ln. Pha sau chn: Chng hai tay vo tng hoc bn, hai bn tay cch nhau bng khong cch gia hai vai. Cong u gi, gi cho hng thng vi chn, v ci u xung gia hai cnh tay. i pha trong: Giang chn ra, t c hai tay ln u gi tri. Cong u gi cho n khi cm thy cng. Gi trong 8 giy.

C: Gi cho cnh tay v vai thoi mi, u hng thng v pha trc: Gp cm ca bn xung trong 2 giy.

C: Gi cho tay v vai thoi mi: Quay u sang mt bn trong 2 giy. Quay u sang pha bn kia trong 2 giy.

Vai: an cc ngn tay vo nhau v dui cnh tay, vi lng bn tay hng ra ngoi: Gi trong 2 giy.

Mt c chn: Trong khi da vo bn hoc tng gi thng bng, a mt bn chn ra ngoi v: iu khin ngn chn ca bn ln xung. V vng trn bng bn chn.

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Cc ri ro sinh hc gm c vi khun, nm, v vi rt.3 Bn c th b phi nhim vi nhiu tc nhn truyn nhim, chng hn nh vim gan B, vim gan C, v vi rt gy bnh lit khng (HIV), nu cc bn tip xc vi mu b nhim bnh ca mt ng nghip hoc khch hng. Bn cng c th b phi nhim vi nm ca mng khi chm vo da b nhim khun ca khch hng hoc khi s dng thit b khng c chi ra sch.

Nguy c sinh hc

Nhng bc bn c th thc hin trnh b phi nhim v bo v sc khe

Trnh chm vo bt k mu hoc cht dch no ca c th. Mang gng tay, v trnh tip xc vi khch hng c cc vt ct, vt thng m/vt lot, mn nc, hoc thy r rng da b nhim c ni bn tay, bn chn, hoc mng. Nhiu c quan, chng hn nh y ban Y t Cng cng Boston v Hi ng Gim st Ngh ct tc v Thm m California, cm phc v khch hng c nhng vn sc khe nh th. Vt b gng tay dng mt ln ngay sau khi s dng. Lun lun ra tay bng x phng v nc trc v sau khi lm vic vi khch hng trnh mm bnh ly lan. Bng li cc vt ct m hoc da b hng ca mt khch hng hoc ng nghip ngn nga vic tip xc vi mu hoc cc th c kh nng gy ly nhim khc. Nu mt ngi b chy mu, khng chm vo mu ngi . Yu cu ngi dng bng hoc khn giy cm mu v nm thng cc mn s dng vo thng rc mt khi mu cm. Hy ngh n vic chng nga vim gan B. Bc s c th gip bn xc nh c cn chng nga hay khng. Cch chng nga c th thay i ty theo tiu bang, v vy bn cn lm theo yu cu ca tiu bang. Ngi ch phi cho bn chng nga vim gan B min ph nu cc c nhiu kh nng tip xc vi mu hoc cc vt liu gy ly nhim khc trong qu trnh lm vic. Lm sch v kh trng cc dng c sau khi lm vic vi mi khch hng theo chnh sch ca hi ng thm m tiu bang ca bn. Mt s bc thng thng lm sch v kh trng dng c: o Lun lun eo ng loi gng tay thch hp cho cc sn phm
Tiu chun v tc nhn gy bnh bng ng mu ca OSHA, ni mc 29 CFR 1910.1030, yu cu ngi ch nh gi xem bn c th tip xc vi mu hoc cc vt liu c kh nng gy ly nhim khc hay khng. Nu c nguy c ny th ngi ch phi tun theo cc yu cu ca tiu chun, trong c vic hun luyn, chng nga, v cung cp cc thit b bo h c nhn.
3

12

cc bn ang s dng trong khi lau ra v x l thuc kh trng hay cc dng c c ngm trong cht kh trng. o Ra dng c bng x phng v nc. Dng bn chi nu cn. o Ngm t 10 n 30 pht cc dng c trong mt cht kh trng c ng k vi EPA, theo hng dn ca nh sn xut. Theo cch hng dn ca nh sn xut v phn lng khi pha trn. o Ra cc dng c trong nc sch. o Lau kh cc dng c bng mt ming vi sch. o Ct tt c cc dng c kh trng mt ni sch, c che y. Ch s dng hp kh trng bng tia cc tm (UV) ct cc dng c bng kim loi c th dng li sch v c kh trng. Bn thn cc hp UV khng th kh trng cc dng c. Kh trng cc chu chn v spa sau mi khch hng v vo cui ngy. Thc hin theo quy nh ca hi ng thm m ca tiu bang bn v cch lm sch v kh trng chu chn v spa.

Quyn li ca bn khi lm Nail

u l s khc bit gia mt nhn vin v mt ngi lm vic theo hp ng c lp, da trn b lut Bo V An Ton v Sc Khe Ngh Nghip?
Bt k mt ngi trong tim Nail c ngi ch xp vo loi g, ta n v cc c quan s cn c vo mt danh sch cc yu t xc nh xem bn c phi l mt nhn vin hay mt ngi lm vic theo hp ng c lp. V d, nu bn: thu mt ch lm vic trong mt tim Nail; t b tin mua ha cht v dng c; c khch hng ring, thu xp gi gic v cc cuc hn ring; t ra gi c ring v c khch hng tr tin trc tip; v c giy php kinh doanh ring, th bn c th c nhiu kh nng c xem l mt ngi lm vic theo hp ng c lp. Tuy nhin, nu: ngi ch lp lch trnh lm vic cho bn; bn c tr lng gi; ngi ch hoc ngi tip khch ly hn cho tt c cc nhn vin; bn khng tr tin thu mt bng; ngi ch thit lp mc gi thanh ton ca khch hng; v bn dng dng c v thit b ca ngi ch, th bn c th c nhiu kh nng c xem l mt nhn vin.

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Ti sao s khc bit ny quan trng?

Ngi ch phi bo v nhn vin chng li cc mi nguy him ti ni lm vic, cn ngi lm vic theo hp ng th phi t bo v an ton v sc khe trong lao ng ca h. Nhn vin c quyn i mc lng ti thiu, bi thng tai nn lao ng v cc quyn li khc, cn ngi lm vic theo hp ng c lp th khng. Khng phi ch cn ch tim ni vi bn rng bn l mt ngi lm vic theo hp ng c lp, th c ngha l bn l mt ngi lm vic theo hp ng c lp. Khng phi ch cn ch tim a cho bn mt mu 1099 thay v mu W-2 ca s thu IRS th c ngha l bn l mt ngi lm vic theo hp ng c lp. i khi cc tim Nail phn loi sai quy ch lm vic ca ngi th Nail khi phi thc hin cc bin php bo v an ton v sc khe, v t chi cc quyn li ca ngi th. l l do ti sao iu quan trng l bn cn bit s khc bit gia nhng g to thnh mt nhn vin v nhng g to thnh mt ngi lm vic theo hp ng c lp. Nu cn c tr gip, bn c th lin lc vi OSHA ti 1-800-321-OSHA (6742).

Quyn li ca ti l g vi t cch l mt nhn vin?

Bn c quyn lm vic trong iu kin khng c nguy c gy hi nghim trng cho bn. OSHA cng cho bn quyn: Yu cu OSHA kim tra ni lm vic ca bn; c thng tin v hun luyn v cc mi nguy him, v cc cch ngn nga tc hi, v v cc tiu chun OSHA c p dng i vi ni lm vic ca bn. Lp hc phi dy bng mt ngn ng m cc bn c th hiu c; Nhn bn sao kt qu ca cc cuc th nghim c thc hin tm v xc nh cc mi nguy him ti ni lm vic; Xem xt h s thng tch v bnh tt lin quan n cng vic; Nhn bn sao h s y khoa ca bn; Np n khiu ni yu cu OSHA kim tra ni lm vic ca cc bn nu cc bn tin rng c mt mi nguy him nghim trng, hoc ngi ch ca bn khng tun theo cc quy nh ca OSHA. Khi c yu cu, OSHA s gi kn tt c cc danh tnh; S dng cc quyn ca mnh theo quy nh ca php lut m khng b tr th hoc phn bit i x. Ngi ch ca bn khng th sa thi hoc trng pht bn nu bn np n khiu ni. Mun bit thm thng tin v cc quyn li ca ngi lao ng, trch nhim ca ngi ch, v cc dch v OSHA khc, hy gh trang mng ca OSHA ti www.osha.gov v trang ni v nhn vin ca OSHA ti www.osha.gov/workers.html.
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Lin lc vi OSHA
Nu c cu hi hoc mun nhn thng tin hoc t vn, bo co trng hp khn cp, c t vong hoc thm ha, t cc n phm, np n khiu ni, hoc tham gia chng trnh t vn min ph ti ch ca OSHA (Free On-Site Consultation Program), xin bn lin lc vi vn phng OSHA gn nht, c th tm qua trang mng ca OSHA, a ch www.osha.gov, hoc gi 1-800-321-OSHA (6742), my TTY 1-877-889-5627. Chng ti s gi kn thng tin ca bn. Nhim v ca chng ti l gip bn. 25 tiu bang, Puerto Rico, v Qun o Virgin c chng trnh bo v an ton v sc khe lao ng ring c OSHA ph duyt. Mun c danh sch ca tt c cc tiu bang v mun bit thm thng tin, xin gh trang mng ca OSHA ni v an ton v sc khe lao ng ca cc tiu bang ti www.osha.gov/dcsp/osp/index.

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Mun bit thm thng tin

Ngun thng tin v phi nhim ha cht trong cc tim Nail
Nail Technicians Health and Workplace Exposure Controls, NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topics, http://www.cdc.gov/ niosh/topics/manicure/?s_cid=3ni7d2fb082020111130am. Trang ny c nhng bi nghin cu v n phm hu ch ngn nga thng tch v bnh tt trong khi lm vic trong cc tim Nail. Controlling Chemical Hazards During the Application of Articial Fingernails, NIOSH (Publication No. 99-112), http:// www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/99-112/. Trang ny m t cch nhn vin c th trnh mt s nh hng c th gy hi cho sc khe khi lm mng nhn to. Tips on Worker Safety, Labor Occupational Health Program (LOHP) and California Healthy Nail Salon Collaborative. Cung cp nhng li khuyn tng qut c an ton v khe mnh khi lm vic trong cc tim Nail (C bn ting Vit). Safety and Health Hazards in Nail Salons, Oregon OSHA Fact Sheet Plus, http://www.orosha.org/pdf/pubs/fact_sheets/fs28.pdf. Trang ny m t cc mi nguy him tim n ca cc ha cht c s dng trong cc tim Nail, v nhng g nhn vin v ch tim Nail c th lm gim bt phi nhim. How to Be Safe at Work, Oregon Healthy Nail Salon Collaborative, http://www.cbs.state.or.us/osha/pdf/pubs/4783e.pdf. Cung cp nhng li khuyn v cch ngn nga vic tip xc qu nhiu vi ha cht trong tim Nail. Summary of Data and Findings from Testing of a Limited Number of Nail Products, California Environmental Protection Agency, Department of Toxic Substances Control, http://www.dtsc. ca.gov/PollutionPrevention/upload/NailSalon_Final.pdf. Bo co nh gi thnh phn ha hc ca mt s t sn phm trong tim Nail. Understanding the Toxic Trio: Protecting Yourself at Work, California Healthy Nail Salon Collaborative, http://www. cahealthynailsalons.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/Toxic_Trio_ EN_ March2012.pdf. Tp sch ny c nhng li khuyn v cch t bo v chng li B Ba c Hi (Toxic Trio) ti ni lm vic.

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Safe Nail Salon Training, Boston Public Health Commission, http://www.bphc.org/programs/cib/environmental health/ environmentalhazards/safenailsalons/Forms Documents/2010 Safe Nail Salon Training - English.pptx. Ti liu hun luyn bng ting Anh hng dn cho cc ch tim v cng nhn lm Nail cch nhn ra mi nguy him ti ni lm vic, bo v sc khe, thc hin cc ci tin loi b cc mi nguy him, s dng v lu tr ha cht c hi ng cch (c bn ting Vit). Safe Nail Salons: Keeping You and Your Customers Healthy, Boston Public Health Commission, http://www.youtube.com/watc h?v=PksAPhmm15M&feature=player_embedded. Video trnh by cc bin php bo v an ton v sc khe trong tim Nail (bng ting Vit c ph ting Anh). Healthy Practices for Nail Salons, King County Local Hazardous Waste Management Program, http://www.lhwmp.org/home/health/ nail-salons.aspx. Trnh by cc phng php ci thin sc khe v an ton trong cc tim Nail. Will You Try These Ways to Protect Your Customers and Your Health?, King County Local Hazardous Waste Management Program, Environmental Coalition of South Seattle, and Community Coalition for Environmental Justice, http://www. lhwmp.org/home/health/documents/Final_ENGweb.pdf. Cung cp mt ci nhn tng quan ngn gn v mt s bin php bo v sc khe nhn vin tim Nail. California Health Nail Salon Collaborative, http://www. cahealthynailsalons.org/. T chc California Healthy Nail Salon Collaborative c nhim v ci thin sc khe, an ton, v quyn li ca i ng lao ng v Nail v chm sc sc p xy dng mt ngnh ngh lnh mnh, bn vng, v cng bng hn. Trang web ny lit k cc n phm v nghin cu v tip xc vi cng ng ni v nhim v ca mnh Oregon Collaborative for Healthy Nail Salons, http://www. oregonhealthynailsalons.org/. Cung cp cc n phm v thng tin v tip xc vi cng ng ni v s mnh ca tiu bang Oregon trong vic ci thin sc khe ti ni lm vic ca nhn vin lm Nail.

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Ngun thng tin v phng chng au nhc bp tht (Nguy c ergonomic)

Ergonomic Basics for Nail Salon Professionals, International Nail Technicians Association and Nail Manufacturers Council of the Professional Beauty Association, http://les.nailsmag.com/ Handouts/INTA_NMC_ErgonomicBasics.pdf. Cung cp nhng li khuyn c bn v cch ngn nga au nhc trong khi lm ti cc tim Nail. Ergonomics Safety and Health Topics Page, OSHA, http://www. osha.gov/SLTC/ergonomics/index.html. Cung cp thng tin v nguy c ergonomic trong cng vic v lm th no gim bt nhng nguy c ny. Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders, NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topics, http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ ergonomics. Cung cp thng tin v nguy c ergonomic trong cng vic v cch gim bt nhng nguy c ny.

Ngun thng tin v cch phng chng vic tip xc vi nguy c sinh hc
Bloodborne Pathogens Safety and Health Topics Page, OSHA. http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/bloodbornepathogens. Cung cp thng tin v nhng nguy him ca cc chng bnh ly truyn qua ng mu v cch ngn nga vic nhim trng. Bloodborne Infectious Diseases: HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C, NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topics, http:// www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/bbp/. Cung cp thng tin v cc chng bnh c th ly truyn qua ng mu v cch phng trnh tip xc vi chng. Selected EPA-Registered Disinfectants, EPA, http://www.cdc.gov/ niosh/topics/bbp/. Lit k cc loi thuc kh trng c ng k vi EPA c hiu qu chng li mt s chng bnh ly truyn qua ng mu.

Ngun gip nhn vin ca OSHA

OSHAs Page for Workers, http://www.osha.gov/workers.html. Cung cp thng tin v quyn li ca ngi lao ng. OSHA Regional and Area Ofces, http://www.osha.gov/html/ RAmap.html. Cung cp thng tin lin lc vi vn phng OSHA khu vc v a phng.

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OSHA-Approved State Plans, http://www.osha.gov/dcsp/osp/ index.html. Lit k cc tiu bang c chnh sch, tiu chun v chng trnh ring v an ton v sc khe lao ng.

Chng trnh nh gi Nguy C Sc khe ca Vin NIOSH

Gip v cc mi nguy him sc khe Vin Quc gia v An ton v Sc khe Ngh nghip (NIOSH) l mt c quan lin bang tin hnh nghin cu khoa hc v y khoa v an ton v sc khe ca ngi lao ng. Khng tnh chi ph cho ngi ch hoc ngi lao ng, NIOSH c th gip xc nh cc mi nguy him i vi sc khe v ngh nhng phng cch gim bt hoc loi b nhng mi nguy him ti ni lm vic thng qua Chng trnh nh gi Nguy him v Sc khe (HHE). Nhn vin, i din cng on v ngi ch c th yu cu thc hin mt chng trnh HHE ca NIOSH. Ngi ta thng yu cu thc hin chng trnh HHE khi mt chng bnh hoc s thng tch xy ra trong mt nhm nhn vin cao hn mc d kin. Nhng tnh hung ny c th l kt qu ca mt nguyn nhn khng c bit r, ca mt mi nguy him mi, hoc ca nhiu l do kt hp. Mun yu cu thc hin chng trnh Chng trnh nh gi Nguy C Sc khe ca Vin NIOSH, hy vo trang mng www.cdc.gov/ niosh/hhe / request.html. Mun tm hiu thm v Chng trnh nh gi Nguy C Sc khe: Gi (513) 841-4382; hoc Gi email n HHERequestHelp@cdc.gov.

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Mun bit thm thng tin

C Quan Bo V Sc Khe v An Ton Lao ng

B Lao ng Hoa K www.osha.gov (800) 321-OSHA (6742)