ChaitanyaSurya Marathi

&& VV gV &&
&& lrgXJw$ {XJ~aXmgm` Z_: &&
&& MV`gy` &&

lrgXJw$${XJ~aXmg _hmamO
lrgXJw$ {XJ~aXmg _hmamO godm-_S>i

_w~B - 400 028
H$meH$
: lrgXJw$ {XJ~aXmg _hmamO godm-_S>i

gr/25, gwè AnmQ>_|Q>g, A_aqhX
_S>imOdi, JmoIco amoS> (Cma),
XmXa (n.), _w~B - 400 028
_wH$
: Edmà og m`hoQ> {c.

_mohmm ^dZ, Xwgam _Ocm,
S>m. B. _moPog amoS>, dair, _w~B - 400 018
Xya^mf : 2492 7383, \$g : 2494 0098
AjaOwiUr : Bem EQ>amÒog, nwUo - 30

amo{hUr Jm{\$g, nwUo - 30
lrgXJw$$ {XJ~aXmg _hmamO godm-_S>i
nH$meZ {VWr : lmdU d &&4 em{bdmhZ eH$ 1929; gd{OV gdga,

lrgXJw$ ~m~m _hmamO gh~wo nw`{VWr
ewH$dma, {X. 31 AmJQ> 2007
_y` : . 250/-
m{WmZ
: lrgXJw$ ~m~m _hmamO gh~wo g_m{Y_{Xa

937 S>r, dS>madmS>rH$S>o OmUmam aVm,
kmZoda nmXwH$m MmH$mOdi, {edmOrZJa,
nwUo - 411 016
lrdm_r g_W _{Xa
lrdm_r g_W ZJa, AYoar (npM_),
_w~B - 400 053
Xya^mf : 2633 3030
JwH$nm H$boeZ
JUoe Jr ZmH$m, bmb~mJ, _w~B - 400 012
Xya^mf : 2471 6387/2471 4424
lw{V _Jb H$m`mb`
1236, AmnQ>o amoS>, nwUo - 411 004
Xya^mf : 2553 1749
lr{ed-g_W JS>, lrjo S>oadU,
Vm. {MniyU, {O. aZm{Jar - 415 606
lr_V g{XmZX
lrgX>Jw$ {XJ~aXmg _hmamO
VWm
lrghOmZXgad{V
`m`m n{d MaUr gd^mdo g_nU
lrgXJw$ {XJ~aXmg _hmamO godm-_S>i

_w~B - 400 028
VmdZm
lrgXJw$ {XJ~aXmg _hmamO `mMo ho M[a, AmO lrgXJw$ ~m~m _hmamO gh~wo
`m`m nw`{VWr {XZr, lrgXJw$Mo MaUr {dZ_ ^mdmZo AnU H$$Z, ^$ OZm`m hmVr XoVmZm
Amhmbm A{Ve` AmZX hmoV Amho.
lr_hmamOm M o "Vy { M ~mn, YZr'ho M[a AmpdZ ew & & AQ> _ r, eH$ 1915
({X.22.10.1993) `m {Xder, lr_hmamOm`m O`VrMo Am{M` gmYyZ H$m{eV H$a`mV Ambo.
`m`m AmOda VrZ Amd`m H$m{eV hmoD$Z dmadma `mMo nwZ_wU H$amdo bmJbo. AmOda EHy$U
67,000 Vr {dVarV Pm`m. `m M[a JWmbm ^$ OZmMo CXS> o_ Am{U ^$s bm^br."Vwht
{nVm, Vwht dm_r' hr `m M[amMr qhXr Amdmrhr `mM_mUo bmoH${`Vog nmdbr. `m Abm{H$H$,
A{V_ M[a-JWmmao bmImo lmiy, gdgm_m`, ggmar OZmZm Amn`m OrdZ gKfmV EH$
_mJXeH$, EH$ XrnV^, EH$ AmYma gmnS>bm Am{U `mM doir A`m_m`m doJ`m dmQ>oda
nmD$b Q>mH$Um`m {OkmgygmR>r, _w_wjygmR>rgwm hm JW gXJw$`m gmjmV _mJXeZm_mUo _mobmMm
R>abm Amho.
lr_hmamOm`m _hm{ZdmUmbm AmVm 18 df} hmoD$Z Jobr. XrS> Vnm`m `m H$mbmdYrV,
lr_hmamOm{df`r, `m`m H$m`m{df`r ~arM Zdr _m{hVr, H$Yr _m{IH$ d$nmV Va H$Yr OwZo
H$mJXn, n`dhma, boI B`mXr d$nmV {_iV Jobr. lr_hmamOmZr gw$ Ho$bobo {d{dY Cgd,
gU-g_ma^ AmXr gJr lr_hmamOmMo nw`_aU H$aVmZm AZoH$ _m`da `$sZr AmnAmn`m
{Q>H$moZmVyZ lr_hmamOm`m `{$_dmda H$me Q>mH$bm. Aem gJr _{XamV O_bo`m ^$
OZm_ò lr_hmamOm`m WmoadrMr MMm hmoVmZm, `m`m OrdZmVrb {d{dY gJm`m AmR>dUr
{ZKyZ `mVyZhr H$mhr Zdo gX^ H$memV òV Jobo. `m XmoZ XeH$m`m H$mbmdYrV lr_hmamOmZr
bmdbobm doby Amn`m {e`mH$adr `mZrM JJZmdoar Zobm Amho. Vohm nwhm EH$Xm lrgXJw$`m
OrdZJmWoMo gH$sVZ Z`mZo Ho$bo Va Vo gdmZmM AmZXXm`r Am{U \y${VX R>aob `m hoVyZMo
lrgXJw$ H$mH$m _hmamOmZr ho M[a {b{h`mMr oaUm {Xbr Am{U `mVyZM hm Z_ `Z
lr_hmamOm`m H$noZo gmH$ma Pmbm Amho.
""gXJw$ M[a dUm`m `WmW & H$moU Vmo g_W Ago OZt&&'' Ago lr_hmamOmZr Amn`m
gXJw$Mo VdZ H$aVmZm hQ>bo Amho. _hmH$drMr {V^m, H$mS> {dmm, {dbjU eX^wd,
nmM
{damJr OrdZebr, Am`w`âmMr Vn`m Am{U A`mg JmR>rer AgUmao lr_hmamO Oohm
Amnbr ^mdZm Aem eXmV `$ H$aVmV, Vohm Amhr gm_m` OZmZr lr_hmamOm`m Abm{H$H$,
A{Vr`, Agr_, Anma Aem M[amMo boIZ Amn`m Xw~`m boIUrZo Am{U `mVyZhr Xw~`m
koZo H$aUo ho Vgo YmQ>mMoM R>aob. naVw,
AVar gXJw Og| dX{dVr & Vgo{M {ZKVr ~mob òW &&
`m{Mò gmoZ| `mMo JwU JmU| & H$VmW H$aU| OrdZ h| &&
`m gXJw$`m C$sdarb {ddmgmZoM Amhmbm WmoS>o\$ma ~i {Xbo Amho.
hm M[aJW {g H$aVmZm, Z`m-Ow`m _m{hVrMo gH$bZ H$$Z Vmo eX~ H$a`mMo H$m_
lr. {dO` nwfmom_ Omoer `mZr Ho$bo. JWmMo _w{VemoYZ Am{U _mS>Ur lr. {dOàmd gadQ>o `mZr
Ho$br. lr_hmamOm`m AZoH$ ^V JUmZr Amnbo AZw^d `m M[amV g_m{d> H$a`mgmR>r {Xbo
AmhoV.
_hfu dmp_H$sZr lram_mÙ {bhZ AmO hOmamo df} Pmbr. `m EdT>m XrK H$mbmdYrV
AZoH$mZr am_H$Wm nwhmnwhm Jm{`br Am{U `mnwT>ohr hOmamo df} Vr Jm{`br OmBb, H$maU am_H$WoMr
JmoS>r AdrQ> Amho. VXdVM Am_Mm hm gXJw $VdZmMm Xw~im `Zhr ^$OZmZm AmZXXm`rM dmQ>b
o
Agm {ddmg Amho.
Vmo{M dX{dVm Vmo{M {bh{dVm & H$Vm H$a{dVm AdKm Vmo{M &&
V`mMo gmoZ| Ioio {d gma| & AdKt pWaMa| ZQ>mo{Z`m &
Aem lrgXJw$`m MaUr EH$M mWZm,
gH$b {d gwIr hmd| & Vw{Pò ÔZr bmJmd| &
h|{M _mJU| lrJwamd| & md| _O ~miH$mgr &&
&& lrgXJw MaUmaqdXmnU_Vw &&
lmdU d&&4 em{bdmhZ eH$ 1929;

gd{OV gdga
lrgXJw$ ~m~m _hmamO gh~wo nw`{VWr
ewH$dma, {X. 31 AmJQ> 2007
lrgXJw$ {XJ~aXmg _hmamO godm _S>i
ghm
AZwH$_{UH$m
01. Omoer Hw$im_mOr lr{d>c Zm_| & AdVma AZwn_o Yaròcm &&
01
02. {Xg _mg dmT>o & ~mi gwcjU &&
11
06
03. JwH$nm hmoVm & H$io g`kmZ &&
22
014
04. CnmgZocm T> Mmcdmdo &&
29
019
05. _mPo X`r g_mYrWmZ & g` gX>Jw {XJ~amMo &&
50
036
06. H$m`nrMo Vramda & WmZ {Z{_co A{VgwXa &&
58
042
07. hUVr Jw `mcm & Mmcqd gmXm` Anwcm &&
67
048
08. lrdmgwXdo mZV Pmco & d$nr crZ &&
74
054
09. ghdfmdao r amhrZ g_m{YWmZr &&
89
066
10. nw`nmZmg KodmoZr Jhmg & gm^mimdo Img _OcmJr && 102
076
11. IimMr Xw~

w r & Zmedr gH$i &&
108
081
12. XwdmgZm Xw>mMr & Omdr {ZagmoZ &&
112
085
13. O``m nd] _hmogd & Ag^m` Mmcdr d^d &&
141
107
14. {edam`mMm AmR>dmdm Vmn &&
186
144
15. oZodrU H$m` Omco ... ho Vmo KS>oZm &&
197
151
16. AVrd gwX a S>ao dU Jm_ & VoWrc {XZH$_ d{UVgo &&
gmV
162
17. Bh na gwIr hmodmoZr gH$i & ^$s Vr Ho$di H$amoV H$s &&
170
18. YZXmZ dXmZ AXmZ CXH$XmZ & H$ar ~mUgVnU Vmo gdJwU &&
177
19. AZw^d Ho$di eXmZt ~mobUo & Ae` dUZ| - V`m R>m`m &&243
188
20. {ddoHo$ nmhVm Zm_ $n Zmgo & MV` Vo Ago Ogo Vgo &&
299
232
21. `mMm docy Jocm JJZmdar &&
316
246
n[a{e> 1. lrgXJw $ {XJ~aXmg _hmamO `mMr O_b Hw$ S>br
260
n[a{e> 2. lr_hmamO {da{MV _Jbm>H$
261
n[a{e> 3. lr_hmamOmZr {b{hbobr no
263
n[a{e> 4. lr_hmamOmZm Ambobr no
331
n[a{e> 5. lr_hmamOmZm Ambobr no (N>m`m{H$V)
348
n[a{e> 6. gH$sU
375
AmR>
H$aU : 1
Omoer Hw$im_mOr lr{d>c Zm_| & AdVma AZwn_o Yaròcm &&

nmo_|S>r ~wH$ ho chmZgo IoS>oJmd, aZm{Jar ehamnmgyZ 7-8 {H$cmo_rQ>ada H$mOir ZXr`m
H$mR>r dgcoco Amho. ZXr`m Eocnc WmoS>r gnmQ>r gmoS>`mg ~mH$s gmam Jmd VrZhr {XemZr KmQ>mS>m|JamZr doT>cocm Am{U KZXmQ> djamOrV cncocm. Am_am`m, Zmair-nmo\$ir`m ~mJm, `mVyZ
dmhmUmao nm`mMo nmQ>, Am{U {dI$Z dgcocr H$mcm$ Kao `mZr Jmdmcm EH$ A{Ve` cmo^g $nS>
{Xc Amho. gw_mao gmS>oVrZeo-Mmaeo dfmnydu `m JmdmV H$moUr EH$ "H$mZ' Omoer, Jmo em{S>`,
_w$m_ dadS>o, Vm. aZm{Jar, ho O{O`m`m {gr `wgw\$H$Sy>Z ImoVrMr gZX {_idyZ Amco Am{U
òWo Wm{`H$ Pmco.
em{S>` Jmor Omoer KamUo gJ_oa Am{U dadS>o ^mJm_ò dgcoco hmoVo. `mVrc dadS>o òWrc
Kam`mMm _yinwf YmH$ Omoer. `m YmH$ OmoetZm VrZ _wcJo. Wmoacm _wcJm am_ hm _yiKar dadS>o
òWoM hmoVm. `mcm XmoZ _wcJo, Wmoacm H$mZ (H$U) Am{U YmH$Q>m Ho$g (Ho$ed). _Ycm _wcJm ~mny,
`mMm de Xod$IOdi "{Zdo' `m Jmdr {dVmacm. YmH$Q>m _wcJm "gmS> Omoer,' Q>|ô `m Jmdr hUOo
nmo_|S>r`m ~mOygM OmD$Z am{hcm.
`m H$mZ Am{U Ho$g, ~Yw`mZr `mo{Vf {dm MmJcr Am_gmV Ho$cr hmoVr. EH$Xm O{O`m`m
{grcm ^{d` gmJ`mMm `moJ Amcm Am{U {gr `m_wio gH$Q>_w$hr Pmcm. Iyf hmoD$Z {grZo
H$mZ Omoer `mZm dm{fH$ 1200 nò CnmMr nmo_|S>r (~w &&) JmdMr ImoVrMr gZX AnU Ho$cr
Am{U VodT>rM O_rZ Ho$g Omoer `mZm JwhmJa Vmcw`mV nmceoV Jmdr {Xcr Am{U Aem VhoZo
dadS>mMo H$mZ Omoer Amn`m VrZ Va`m~mS> _wcmgh nmo_|S>r (~w &&) òWo amhm`cm Amco.
Am`mAm`m gmao OU PnmQ>`mgmaIo H$m_mcm cmJco. PmS>-PmS>moam VmoSy>Z O{_Zr cmJdS>rImcr
AmU`m. S>m|JamV OmD$Z P`mnmgyZ nmQ> ImoXyZ nmUr AmUco Am{U Zmair-nmo\$ir`m ~mJm
cmd`m, gnmQ>r {_ioc VoWo ^mVmMr ImMao nmS>cr. KameoOmar XmoZ \$iPmS>o, Mma \w$cPmS>o,
Vwig, ~oc cmdyZ XodmgmR>r \w$cmMr gmo` Ho$cr. PmonS>rdOm Kamcm hiyhiy KanU Amco. `mo{Vf,
`m{kH$s ho hmVIS>m {df`, `mcm eoVrV Ho$co`m am~UwH$sMr OmoS> {_imcr Am{U AnmdYrV
Omoer KamUo nmo_|S>rV MmJco pWamdco.
H$mZ Omoet`m VrZhr _wcmMo ggma nwT>o ~haco, \w$cco. _wcm-ZmVdS>mZr Ka ^$Z Joco Am{U `m
VrZ _wcm`m demMm {dVma nwT>o VrZ doJdoJ`m Hw$Q>m_ò Pmcm. ò> Hw$Q>mH$S>o amOgmm {df`H$
O~m~Xmar Amcr. Xwg`m Hw$Q>mZo eoVrdmS>r, ~cwVoXma, gmdO{ZH$ H$m_o nm{hcr Am{U {Vg`m
Omoer Hw$im_mOt.. / 1
Hw$>Q>mH$S>o JmdmVrc XodWmZmMr `dWm, nyOm-AMm, Hw$iY_-Hw$imMma gmon{d`mV Amcm.

em{S>` Jmor Omoer Kam`mMo Hw$cXdV dadS>mOdi H$mo{igao òWrc lrXod c_r-Ho$ed.
Am~oOmoJmBMr lrXodr OmoJoar (`moJoar) hr Hw$cdm{_Zr. nmo_|S>rMo Jm_XdV lram_oa Amho. {edm`,
lr_hmc_r, lr_hmH$mcr, lr_hmgadVr, lr`mKm~ar, lrâmS>rU (lr^mUr) AmXr XodVmMr
_{Xao nmo_|S>r JmdmV AmhoV. `m{edm` lram_mMo gwXa _{Xa Omoer Kam`mZo ~mYco Amho. JmdMo
Hw$imMma, Cgd `m _{XamVyZ gJio JmdH$ar EH$ òD$Z gmOao H$aVmV. Zdam, Xod{Xdmir,
{e_Jm, Jm|Yi ho Hw$iY_hr Jm_XodVo`m _{XamVyZ Ho$co OmVmV. `m gm`mMr O~m~Xmar `m {Vg`m
Hw$Q>mZo dfmZwdf} _Zmo^mdo gm^micr. Aem Vn:nyV Am{U ew{M_V Kam`mV, AmR>`m {nT>rVrc
lr.gImam_nV Omoer `mZr Amn`m H$VdmZo Kam`m`m cm{H$H$mV _moR>r â KmVcr.
lr.gImam_nV ho JmdMo ImoV hmoVo; naVw Am{WH$Q>m _moR>o Vmcodma hmoVo Ago Zho. KaMr eoVr
Am{U nMH$moerVrc nmamo{h` `mda CnOr{dH$m hmoV hmoVr. amoI aH$_oMr \$maer mr hmo`mMm `moJ
Zgcm Var KaMrM eoVr Am{U XyYXw^Vo Am{U OmoS>rcm nagXmaMo Zmai, nmo\$ir Am{U ^mOrnmcm
`mda ggma gwImZo Mmcy hmoVm. gImam_nVmZm EHy$U nmM _wcJo Pmco. H$merZmW, {dUy, ZmamÙ,
JUoe Am{U har.
`m nmMmnH $s ZmamÙ Am{U JUoe ho ~hYm Anm`wfr R>aco AgmdoV, H$maU `m`m{df`r \$maer
_m{hVr CncY Zmhr. Wmoaco H$merZmW d`m`m 88`m dfu 1925`m Xa`mZ dmaco, EdT>m moQ>H$
CoI em{S>` Jmor Omoer Kam`m`m Hw$cdmmVmV Amho. _m lr. {dUwnV Am{U lr. h[anV `m`m{df`r
H$mhr _m{hVr CncY Amho.
`m H$mir JmdmoJmdr emim Zh`m. OwO~r AjaAmoiI JmdmVM H$moUr nVmoOr H$$Z m`Mo.
nmamo{h`hr AgoM H$m_McmD$ KmoHy$Z KoVco Om`Mo. _m `mcm dV:`m CH$fmMr Vi_i hmoVr,
JmdMr gr_m AmocmS>`mMr V`mar hmoVr, IamoIarMr kmZcmcgm hmoVr, Aer _wco _wO Pmcr H$s,
{ejUmgmR>r ~mhoa nS>V. gmo` hmoBc VoWo amhZ, _mYwH$ar _mJyZ {ejU nyU H$am`Mr Am{U hZm`wba
\$m`Zc qH$dm _{Q>H$ hmoD$Z gaH$mar ZmoH$ar {_idm`Mr.
{dUwnV Am{U h[anVhr AgoM _mYwH$ar _mJyZ {eH$co. _m `m H$mim`m _mZmZo XmoKm`mhr
S>mo`mg_moa VaiUmar dZo _moR>r hmoVr. {dUwnVmZr d{H$crMm \$m_gwm âcm hmoVm. naVw _Y`m
~YyMo AmH$p_H$ {ZYZ Pmco. `m JS>~S>rV d{H$crMr gZX hH$cr. _J {dUwnVmZr _w~Bcm
aodo_ò ZmoH$ar nH$acr. `m doir MMJoQ> WmZH$m`m C^maUrMo H$m_ Mmcy hmoVo. {dUwnV
_w~Bcm Joco Va h[anVmZr aZm{Jar òWo amhZ Amnco {ejU nyU Ho$co Am{U d{H$cr `dgm`mV
AnmdYrVM Amncm O_ ~g{dcm. `m`m H$m_mMm `mn EdT>m dmT>cm H$s aZm{Jar òWo amhZ
nmo_|S>r`m Ka ggmamH$S>o cj XoUo mgmMo hmoD$ cmJco. KaMr eoVrdmS>r, ImoVrMr H$m_o Am{U
2 && MV`gy` &&
Ym{_H$ denanamJV O~m~Xm`m `mH$S>o cj Xo`mgmR>r d{S>cm`m nmV H$moUrVar nmo_|S>r òWo
amhmUo JaOoMo Pmco hmoVo. Ka`m XodmMr nyOm Am{U eoVrdmS>r gm^mi`mgmR>r EImm ^mdmcm Kar
R>odm`Mo Am{U ~mH$s`mZr `mcm `Wme$s _XV H$am`Mr hm `m doiMm [admO hmoVm. `mcm
AZwg$Z {dUwnV ZmoH$ar gmoSy>Z Ka ggmamgmR>r nmo_|S>rcm òD$Z am{hco.
{dUwnVmMm {ddmh qMMIar, Vm.aZm{Jar òWrc JmoS>~moco Hw$Qw>~mVrc EH$m gwerc H$òer
Pmcm. cmZVa gm.c_r~mB`m nmdcmZo {dUwnVm`m Kar IamoIaM c_r`m AmJ_ZmMr Mmhc
cmJcr. `m Xmn`mcm c_U Am{U JUoe Ago XmoZ _wcJo Am{U EH$ H$`maZ cm^co.
h[anVm`m nZrMo Zmd gm.AmZXr~mB hmoVo Am{U `mZm "AZgy`m' hr EH$_od H$`m hmoVr. {hMm
{ddmh lr.ZmamÙ Ho$ed amZS>o `m`mer Pmcm. ZmamÙamd ho nw`m`m lrgXJw$ ~rS>H$a _hmamOmMo
{e` hmoVo. hm {ddmh hUOo {Z`Vr`m `moOZoVrc EH$ ^mJM hmoVm ho nwT>rc KQ>ZmH$_md$Z cjmV
òBc.
{dUwnV Am{U h[anVmZr hmVmV hmV KmcyZ H$> H$$Z Amn`m hemarZo Am{U H$V~JmarZo
Amn`m Hw$Qw>~mcm D${OVmdWm AmUcr. eoVrdmS>rMm ngmam dmT>cm. nmo_|S>rV Mma Kao Pmcr.
{edm` aZm{Jarcmhr XmoZ B_maVr C`m am{h`m. nmo_|S>r Jmdm`m YS>o dmQ>nmMo H$m_ {dUwnVmZr
nyU Ho$co. JmdmVrc XodimMo OrUm}ma Ho$co. aZm{Jar, H$moVdS>o, hmVrg, Q>|~o, ZmMUo, IoS>Hw$ir,
qMdcr Aem AmOy~mOy`m JmdmVyZ O_rZ Ow_co IaoXr Ho$co. `m gdmhZ _hdmMo hUOo nmo_|S>rcm
KamcJVM, Amn`m Cnm` XdVmMo, lram_mMo EH$ _{Xa ~mYco.
_{Xam`m C^maUr~amo~aM {Z`nyOm, H$mH$S> AmaVr gw$ Pmcr. lram_ Zd_rMm Cgd gw$
Pmcm. hm Cgd JwT>rnmS>`mnmgyZ nwT>o Xhm {Xdg _moR>m WmQ>m_mQ>mZo gmOam hm`Mm. Ama`m,
^mod`m, H$sVZ-nwamU, _OmJa Aem H$m`H$_mMm _moR>m AmZX-H$moi hmoB. ZmVodmBH$, Zohrgmo~Vr, gcJrVrc {V{>>V `mnmar, gaH$mar A_cXma Am{U AWmVM JmdH$ar _S>it`m âJ
CnpWVrZo H$m`H$_mcm emo^m `m`Mr. nMH$moerVrc ÔZr _S>ir Xodmg_moa hOoar cmdm`Mr.
am_Zd_r`m {Xder Xwnmar am_O_mMm gmohim Ago. Zm_dV h[aXmg~wdm am_O_mMo Am`mZ
cmdm`Mo Am{U `m`mM hVo lram_mMr ~mc_yVu eJmaco`m nmi`mV KmVcr Om`Mr. M ew&&
Xe_r`m {Xder Xwnmar _hmgmX Ago. nwaUnmoirMm Zdo Ago. gmXmcm hOmamo cmoH$ `m`Mo
Am{U V hmoD$Z Om`Mo. nwaU dmQ>`mgmR>r EH$ _moR>o cmH$S>r `hr Img Cgdm`m {Z{_mmZo
~Z{d`mV Amco hmoVo. EH$XarV hm Cgd hUOo {dUwnV Am{U h[anV `m ~Yw`m`m am_^$sMo,
AmXm`mMo, Am{VèrcVoMo Am{U Eo`mMo VrH$ ~Zcm hmoVm.
Omoer ho JmdMo ImoV KamUo. `mMo d^d {Xgm_mgr dqJV hmoV hmoVo. KamV Am`mJo`mMr dXi
Agm`Mr. ZmVodmBH$, Zohr-gmo~Vr, n-nmhUo, gaH$mar A_cXma, H$WoH$ar, {\$aVo Ago ZmZm
VhoMo, ZmZm VamMo cmoH$ Omoer Hw$Qw>~r`m`m AmXam{V`mZo V hmoV hmoVo. {dUwnV Am{U h[anV
Am`m-Jo`mMo AJ`mZo dmJV H$am`cm Vna AgV. AmdH$ dmT>V hmoVr. eoVrMm ngmam dmT>V
hmoVm. nMdrg-Vrg IS>r ^mV Kar òV hmoVo. {edm` ZmMUr, daB, Hw$irW, nmdQ>o Aer YmòH$S>Ymò {nH$V hmoVrM. JmoR>mV Vrg-Mmirg OZmdao hmoVr. XwYmgmR>r JmB-her, eoVrgmR>r,
~cJmS>rgmR>r Y>nw> ~cOmoS>m, chmZ _moR>r dmgao `mZr JmoR>m âcocm Ago. Ho$di JwamdmgamMo
H$a`mgmR>r VrZ-Mma OmKir (JwamIr) AgV. KaH$m_mgmR>r Am{U eoVmV am~Umam JS>m-_mocH$aUtMm
Vm\$m doJimM ! EH$XarV JmoHw$imgma`m âco`m KamV {dUwnVmMm ggma gwImZo Mmccocm hmoVm.
{dUwnVm`m Wmoa`m _wcmZo hUOo lr. c_U {dUyZrhr d{H$crV Zmd H$_md`mgmR>r 1901
gmcr hm`H$moQ> d{H$crMm \$m_ âcm hmoVm. XwXdmZo d{S>cm_mUoM `m`mhr Z{e~r d{H$cr `dgm`
{c{hcocm ZhVm. c_U {dUyMr nZr `m doir ZmJnya òWo (~hYm _mhoar) Jococr hmoVr. Vr VoWo
AmOmar Pmcr Am{U {VMr H$Vr nmhm`mgmR>r ZmJnyacm Jococo c_U {dUy VoWo Jo`mda dV:M
AmOmar Pmco. An AmOmamMo {Z{_m hmoD$Z Vo 1901 gmcrM ZmJnya _w$m_r {ZYZ nmdco.
lr.JUoe {dUy ho {dUwnVmMo H${Z> {MaOrd. `mZr ~r.E.n`V {ejU KoVco hmoVo. naVw dS>rc
~Yy c_U {dUy`m AH$mcr {ZYZmZVa nmo_|S>r òWrc eoVrdmS>rMr, {_iH$VrMr Am{U _mc_moMr
`dWm nmhm`mgmR>r VoWo amhZ Ka ggma nmhmUo `m{edm` `m`mg_moa A` n`m`M ZhVm.
A`V lmiy, Ym{_H$ dmrMo, g`{Z>, _Xy AV:H$aUmMo, AmMma {dMma gn Ago JUoe {dUy
""hUmZr gmdYmZnUo & nM na_mW MmcdU|&'' `m g_W C$s_mUo ggmamMm JmS>m ZoQ>Ho$nUmZo
hmH$sV hmoVo.
aZm{Jar`m lr. h[a^mD$ Jmoao d{H$cm`m _wcr~amo~a JUoenVmMm {ddmh Pmcm. nZrMo Zmd
gm.a_m~mB Ago hmoVo. `mZm _hmXod, Xmmo`, {dR>m~mB Am{U ZmamÙ Aer Mma _wco Pmcr Am{U
gm.a_m~mBMo AH$mcr {ZYZ Pmco.
n{h`m nZr`m {ZYZmZVa JUoenVmMm Xwgam {ddmh gmo_oa (Vm.aZm{Jar) `m Jmd`m
lr.ZmamÙ XmOr gmodZr `mMr _wcJr JJy {hO~amo~a Pmcm. cmZVa {VMo Zmd OmZH$s Ago R>od`mV
Amco. JUoenV Am{U gm.OmZH$s~mB `mZm H$`maZ m Pmco. _wcrMo Zmd H$Um~mB R>od`mV
Amco; naVw XwXdmZo H$Um~mB d`m`m Mm`m dfuM {ZYZ nmdcr. `mM Xa`mZ Omoer Hw$cmMm
^m`moX` H$aUmar EH$ KQ>Zm KS>cr.
A$cH$moQ>{Zdmgr lrgXJw$ dm_r g_W _hmamOmMo AZwJ{hV {e` lr~rS>H$a _hmamO ho nwUo
_w$m_r amhZ lrdm_r gXm`mMr nanam nwT>o MmcdV hmoVo. `mMm {e`-n[adma \$ma _moR>m hmoVm.
`mVrc AJJ` Ago lr am_M AnmOr VWm lr~m~m _hmamO gh~wo ho lr~rS>H$a _hmamOmMo
{e` A`m_mVrc _hmZ A{YH$mar nwf hmoVo. lr~rS>H$a _hmamO `mZm "amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm'
4 && MV`gy` &&
Amho Ago H$mVwH$mZo hUV AgV.

lr~m~m _hmamO gh~wo {dmWu XeonmgyZM lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm`m H$nmN>mImcr dmT>co. Vo
Wmn` A{^`m{H$s emIoMo nXdrYa hmoVo. gaH$mar gmdO{ZH$ ~mYH$m_ Im`mV Amoha{gAa
hUyZ ZmoH$ar H$arV hmoVo. naVw gXd Am_d$nm`m `mZmV, qMVZmV Vo _ AgV. ~m cm{H$H$
OJmMo, `dhmamMo ^mZ `mZm AZoH$ doim Zgo. naVw lrgXJw$ ~rS>H$a _hmamOmMm daXhV gXd
_VH$s Ag`m_wio `mMr ZmoH$ar `dpWVnUo Mmcy hmoVr.
Xoh qhS>Vgo Amnw{c`m nar & ^mgo dar dar Eog| OZm &&
nar _mZgVo hmodmoZr C_Z & gXm Mmco `mZ Am_`mMo &&
Aer `mMr AdWm hmoVr.
lrgXJw$ ~rS>H$a _hmamOm`m nwT>mH$mamZo 1910 gmcr lr~m~m _hmamOmMm {ddmh Owa`m
lr.{dUwnV ~moS>g `mMr H$`m XwJm {hO~amo~a Pmcm. {ddmhmZVa cJoMM `mMr ~Xcr aZm{Jar
òWo Pmcr. "ajmd`m gd {ZO{e`m' ho lr~rS>H$a _hmamOmMo ~rX hmoVo. `m_wio `mZr aZm{Jarcm
lr~m~m _hmamOmMr H$moR>o gmo` hmoD$ eHo$c, AmnwcH$sZo `m`mH$S>o H$moU cj XoBc, `mMr ^mdmdWm
cjmV KoD$Z `mZm H$moU gm^mioc `mMm emoY gw$ Ho$cm.
lr~m~m _hmamOmMo ewa lr.{dUwnV ~moS>g ho Owacm AmZaar _{OQ>oQ> hmoVo. aZm{JarMo
lr.h[anV Omoer dH$sc ho `mMo MmJco Zohr hmoVo. Omoer Hw$Qw>~r`mMr `mZm MmJcr _m{hVr hmoVr.
Amn`m Omd`mcm _wcm_mUo Vo gm^miVrc `mMr `mZm Imr hmoVr. `m_wio `mZr lr~rS>H$a
_hmamOmZm lr.h[anV Omo`mMo Zmd gwM{dco Am{U lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm`m AZwkoZo lr~m~m _hmamO
aZm{Jarcm h[anV Omo`m`m Kar amhm`cm Amco.
lr.h[anV Am{U `mMo ~Yy lr.{dUwnV `m`m Hw$Qw>~r` _S>itZr lr~m~m _hmamOmZm AJXr
Ka`m_mUo gm^mico. `m Wmoa gnwfmMr {Zanoj godm Omoer Hw$Qw>~r`mH$Sy>Z KS>cr. Vr ew godm
BaMaUr VgoM gX>JwMaUr Oy Pmcr Am{U Am{Z ew&& A>_r, eH$ 1834; n[aYmdr Zm_
gdga, Jwdma, {X. 17 AmQ>mo~a 1912 amoOr nmo_|S>r (~w &&) òWo lr.JUoenV Am{U gm.OmZH$s~mB
`mZm nwaZmMm cm^ Pmcm. nwmMo Zmd {d>c R>od`mV Amco. ho lr{d>c JUoe Omoer hUOoM
gX>Jw$ lr{XJ~aXmg _hmamO !
D D D
H$aU : 2
{Xg _mg dmT>o & ~mi gwcjU &&

gmV-AmR> dfmMo hmoBn`V lr{XJ~aXmg _hmamOmMo dmV` nmo_|S>rcm hmoVo. `m H$mimVM
lr_hmamOmMr nmR>Mr ~hrU JmoXmdar Am{U gdmV YmH$Q>m ^mD$ Ho$ed `mMm O_ Pmcm. gdmV _moR>r
~hrU H$Um~mB AmYrM Jocr hmoVr. XwXdmZo Ho$edhr Anm`wfr R>acm. d`m`m Ho$di {Vg`m
dfuM `mZo BhcmoH$ gmoS>cm. JUoenVmMo n{h`m nZrnmgyZMo VrZ _wcJo, _hmXod, Xmmo` Am{U
ZmamÙ Ago hmoVo. JUoenVmMo MwcVo lr.h[anV gImam_ Omoer `mZm EH$_od "AZgy`m' hr _wcJr
hmoVr; naVw _wcJm ZhVm. `m_wio `mZr Amn`m nwV`mMm hUOo lr.JUoe {dUy `mMm "Xmmo`'
hm _wcJm XmH$ KoVcm Am{U `mMo Zmd "lrYa' Ago R>odco. hUOoM "Xmmo` JUoe' ho "lrYa har'
`m ZmdmZo AmoiIco OmD$Z `mMo KamVrc gdmerM ZmVo ~Xcco. lr_hmamOmMm hm ò> gmd ^mD$
AmVm Z`m Zm`mZo `mMm MwcV H$mH$m Pmcm.
lr_hmamOm`m nmo_|S>r`m KaMo dmVmdaU `m H$mi`m H$moU`mhr IoS>oJmdmVrc Kam_mUoM
gnyU Ym{_H$, WmoS>o\$ma H$_R>M hmoVo. gmodioAmodio H$S>H$ hmoVo. ~mho$Z Am`mda H$nS>o ~XcyZ
ZmZ H$$ZM KamV `m`Mo ! nyOm-AMm, dVdH$ò, gUdma, Wm-nanam `mMo _moR>o W hmoVo.
XwnmaMm ZdomMm d`nmH$ gmod`mZo hm`MmM; nU ammgwm d`nmH$ gmod`mZoM hmoB. ho
gmodio nmo_|S>r`m Kam_mUo aZm{Jar òWrc lr.har gImam_ `m`m Karhr {Z>mnydH$ nmico
Om`Mo. `m gmod`m-Amod`m`m gX^mV lr_hmamO, lr.AemoH$amd Omoet (lr_hmamOmMo
Cmam{YH$mar lrH$mH$m _hmamO) `mZm EH$ J_VrXma AmR>dU gmJm`Mo. lrH$mH$m _hmamOmMo AmOmo~m
hUOo hVm_m Ho$edamd _hmXod Omoer ho aZm{Jar òWoM Amn`m d{S>cm`m _`yZVa Amn`m
_mVmoltg_doV {ejUmgmR>r am{hco hmoVo. a$mMo ZmVodmBH$ H$aUma ZmhrV Aer _XV lr.har gImam_
`mZr `m _m`coH$amZm Ho$cr hmoVr. nwT>o lr.Ho$ed _hmXod Amn`m hemarZo, H$>mZo `mM aZm{JarV
_m_coXma Pmco. EH$ {ZamlrV _wcJm _moR>m gaH$mar A_cXma Pmcm `mMo _moR>o H$mVwH$ lr.har
gImam_ `m`m gm`m KamXmamcm hmoVo. `m_wio _m_coXmagmho~ `m`m Kar Amco H$s `mZm _m
h[anVm`m nZr gm.AmZXr~mB `m`m hmVMr "Am_Q>r' MmI`mgmR>r `m gmod`m d`nmH$KamV
_w$ doe hmoVm. `m F$UmZw~Ym`m Jmo>r AmhoV. ho ~Y nwT>o VrZ-VrZ {nT>mn`V dmT>V OmUma
AmhoV ho \$$ {Z`VrcmM _mhrV hmoVo.
lr_hmamOmMo dS>rc lr.JUoenV A`V {ddoH$s, `dhmaXj Am{U cmKdr d^mdmMo hmoVo.
ImoVr Am{U eoVrdmS>rMm `mn _moR>m hmoVm. Amcm-Jocm, n-nmhUm `mMr dXi ânya. Xwnmar ^moOZmMr
6 && MV`gy` &&
nmZo KoD$Z Pmcr H$s, H$moUr A{VWr-A`mJV òVmo Amho H$m `mMr WmoS>m doi dmQ> nmhZ _JM
Oodm`cm ~g`mMm ImZXmZr [admO `m Kar AmdOyZ nmicm Om`Mm. nJVrcm ~hVoH$ Zoh_rM Ago
H$moUrVar `md`mMo hohr R>acoco ! H$maU lr.JUoenVmMm cmoH$gJh _moR>m hmoVm.
lr.JUoenV Ho$di EohrH$ JmoQ>rV a_coco ZhVo Va `mMr Am`mp_H$ CnmgZmhr {Z`{_V
hmoVr. lram_mMr Am{U lrhZw_VmMr CnmgZm `mZr A{Ve` {Z>oZo Am{U H$R>moanUo Ho$cocr hmoVr.
CnmgZm ho `m Kam`mMo d{eQ> hmoVo. lr.har gImam_ ho Omd` {edmonmgH$ hmoVo. lreH$amcm
{~dXc dm{h`m{edm` Vo AJhU H$arV ZgV. H$YrH$Yr `m dVm_wio Cndmghr KS>o; naVw Aem
H$R>moa dVm_wioM `m`m AJr {dcjU Am`mp_H$ gm_` hmoVo.`m doiMr EH$ Am`m{`H$m
gmJVmV. lr.JUoenVmZm `m Zm `m H$m_m`m {Z{_mmZo AYyZ_YyZ aZm{Jarcm Omdo cmJo. H$Yr
naVm`cm Cera hmoB. dmQ> {Z_Zw`, KmQ>r S>m|JamMr Am{U `mV H$mimoI; Aem doir lr.JUoenVmZm
gmo~Vrcm {Xdm KoD$Z {nemM `moZrVrc H$moUr EH$ Am_m òB Am{U gr_on`V nmoMdyZ XoB. {deof
hUOo Vmo _Vm_m _wcr_ Y_u` `$sMm hmoVm. gr_oncrH$S>o Kamn`V nwhm Xwgao {nemM AerM
nmR>amIU H$ar. `m Am`m{`Ho$d$Z am_^$ lr.JUoenVm`m A{YH$mamMr H$nZm `mdr.
lr_hmamOmMo ~mcnU Aem A{YH$mar Am{U gn {n`m`m ZOaoImcr Joco; Var Vmo ~minUrMm
H$mi gwImMm ImgM Zgmdm. AJXr chmZ d`mVM `mZm OcmoXamMm {dH$ma Pmcm Am{U `mVyZ
OUy `mMm nwZO_ Pmcm. nwT>o EH$Xm IoiVmZm ^y_`m`m {R>H$mUr Q>moH$Xma H$mR>r Kwgcr. OI_
Imoc hmoVr Am{U n[apWVr J^ra hmoVr. `m doir lr_hmamOm`m MwcV AmOr gm.AmZXr~mB
(lr.har gImam_ `m`m nZr) gVV VrZ {Xdg lr_hmamOmZm _mS>rda KoD$Z ~gco`m hmo`m.
`m`m ewlyfoZo lr_hmamO ~ao Pmco. hr AmR>dU gmJVmZm lr_hmamO Zoh_r hido hmoV. `mMo
AV:H$aU ^$Z òB.
lr_hmamOm`m `m AmOr~mB A{Ve` o_i Am{U godm^mdr dmr`m hmo`m. Vohm IoS>oJmdmV
S>mQ>a-d CncY Zgm`Mo. Aem doir `m AmOr~mBMm ~Q>dmM gdmgmR>r AmYma Agm`Mm.
IoS>oJmdmV p`mMo ~miVnU hUOo nwZO_M Agm`Mm. H$mhr AS>MU Amcr, ~miVrU AS>cr Va
`m AmOr~mB hmVmVco H$m_ ~mOyg R>odyZ, amr-Anamrgwm VoWo Ymd KoD$Z ~mi-~mi{VUrMr
gwI$n gwQ>H$m H$am``m. Aem doir JmdHw$gm`m ~mhoa harOZ dVrVgwm `m H$m_mgmR>r `m
AJ`mZo Om``m. lr_hmamOm`m _ZmV AZoH$ df} a|JmiUmao "_moR>m gwgm hmpnQ>c'Mo dZ
chmZnUr `mZr nm{hco`m `m Amn`m AmOr~mB`m godmdmrVyZ O_mcm Amco Agmdo.
_moR>r ~hrU H$Um~mB Jocr, Vohm lr_hmamO AOmU d`mV hmoVo. _m YmH$Q>m ^mD$ Ho$edhr
AgmM AH$mcr Jocm. nmR>monmR> M ew && g_r eH$ 1846 `m {Xder lr_hmamOm`m _mVmoltMo
{ZYZ Pmco. Vohm lr_hmamO nyU ~mam dfmMohr ZhVo. `m d`mV AmB ho _wcm`m ^md{dmMo gdd
{Xg _mg dmT>o.. / 7
AgVo. AmB`m {ZYZmMo Xw:I lr_hmamOmZm VrdnUo OmUdUo ho gmh{OH$M hmoVo. AIoa`m
AmOmanUmV AmBMr XoI^mc ZrQ> Pmcr Zmhr, hoigmS> Pmcr, Aer IV lr_hmamO H$YrVar
EImm Xw{_i jUr AJXr Ordm^mdm`m _mUgmOdi `$ H$am`Mo. `m doir p`m`m Z{e~r òUmao ho
XwXd r ^moJ hr KamKamVrc H$hmUr hmoVr. _mOKamVrc AYmamVyZ Vr H$Yr gy` H$memV Amcr Zmhr.
lr_hmamOmZr, S>m.h[a^mD$ AmR>ò `m Amn`m {Z>mdV {e`mcm {X.2.11.1966 amoOr
{c{hco`m EH$m nmV, Vr IV A`jnUo H$Q> Pmcr Amho. lr_hmamO {c{hVmV, ""nZr hUOo
h_mc dm JS>r Zho. Vr Jhc_r d Jhg_mkr Amho. {Vcm Oa nXmonXr Xw:ImnX d AdhocZoMr
dmJUyH$ {_imcr Va Jh ho Jh Z amhmVm Vo H$mVma hmoBc `mMr OmUrd R>odm. nZr hr gIr, {_
Amho, g{Md Amho ....''
Amn`m AmBcm {_iUm`m dmJUwH$s_wio Vo `{WV hm`Mo; amJdm`Mo, mJm H$am`Mo. _m AmB
Amn`m gmoerH$ d^mdmZwgma lr_hmamOmZm Odi KoD$Z g_Omdm`Mr H$s, ""~mim ao ! Agm {MSy>
ZH$mo, amJmdy ZH$mo, gdmer MmJcm dmJ !'' _mVmoltMo AmdX{o hH$ lr_hmamOmZrM Amn`m hmVmZo
Ho$co. gm.OmZH$s~mB `mMr gm^m`coUr (~mJS>m Am{U _Jigy) VgoM nmVim`m {Z`m Am{U
AmoQ>rMm Zmai ho {MVo_ò gwpWVrV gmnS>>co. `m`m nm{Vd`mMr hr gmj hmoVr.
H$.gm.OmZH$s~mBMo _mhoa "gmo_oa' ho nmo_|S>rOdiM H$mOir ZXr`m n`mS>Mo Jmd. ho gmo_oaMo
"gmodZr' hUOo lr_hmamOmMo _mVwc KamUo; A`V Ym{_H$ Am{U gX>Jw$Mm daXhV cm^coco Ago
hmoVo. `m "dg' Jmor gmodZr Kam`mVrc lr.Ym|S>monV gmodZr ho lr_hmamOmMo ImnanUOmo~m. `mMo
{MaOrd hUOoM lr_hmamOmMo nUOmo~m, lr.XmOr gmodZr ho A$cH$moQ>cm XeZmgmR>r Joco AgVm,
VoWo lrdm_r g_WmZr gmX hUyZ XmoZ ImaH$m `m`m hmVmda R>od`m. `m gmXmZo lr.XmOr
gmodZtZm XmoZ _wcJo Pmco. _moR>o ZmamÙ (lr_hmamOmMo _mVm_h-AmOmo~m) Am{U JmoqdX. ZmamÙ
Am{U JmoqdX ho XmoKohr ~Yy H$ZmQ>H$mV ZmoH$argmR>r Jococo hmoVo. VoWo `mZm lr nV ~mioHw$r _hmamOmMm
H$nmerdmX {_imcm hmoVm. lr_hmamOm`m _mVmolr Am{U `mMo _m_m lr.Zahar ZmamÙ gmodZr
`mMmhr O_ H$ZmQ>H$mVM Pmcm. _hmamOm`m `m _m_mMo _Q>rH$n`V {ejU Pmcoco hmoVo. Vohr
A{Ve` gXmMmar, Ym{_H$ dmrMo, lmiy hmoVo. lr_mVr Am{U lrJUnVr hr `mMr Cnm` XdVo.
Jar~ JaOy _wcmZm Vo {dZm_y` _mJXeZ H$arV. lr_hmamOm`m VrZ _mdem hmo`m. _moR>m _mder MnVw mB
`m Zm{XdS>m`m _hmXod dm_Z OmoJ `m`m nZr Va _Y`m maH$m~mBMm {ddmh AmgwX (Xmnmocr) òWrc
lr.c_Uamd {~dcH$a `m`mer Pmcm hmoVm. YmH$Q>m H$merVmB gmo_o a JmdmVrcM Ho$iH$a Kam`mVrc
lr._hmXod ZmamÙ `m`m nZr. `m _mVwc Kam`mVrc gmodZr Hw$Qw~> r`mZr `m Amn`m ZmVdmda Iyn _m`m
Ho$cr. AmB Jo`mda lr_hmamO AZoH$ doim Amn`m AmOmoir OmD$Z amhm`Mo.
^mdS>mMo _`y, AmBMo {ZYZ Aem Jmo>tZr `m chmZ d`mVM lr_hmamO H$mhrgo AV_wI Pmco
8 && MV`gy` &&
hmoVo. VrZ _moR>o ^mD$ Am{U ~hrU Agcr Var _hmamOmMo Iao _ Owico hmoVo Vo gIr YmH$Q>r ~hrU
JmoXmdar {h`mer ! qH$dm H$Xm{MV AmnUmcm OmUdUmao _mV{d`moJmMo Xw:I Amn`m YmH$Q>m
~{hUrcm OmVM OmUdV AgUma `m Om{UdoZo lr_hmamO {Vcm \w$cmgmaIo OnV AgmdoV. H$maU
H$mhr Agmo, naVw JmoXmdar lr_hmamOmMr A{Ve` cmS>H$s hmoVr.
lr_hmamOmZm ~mcd`mVM BamonmgZoMm N>X cmJcm hmoVm. KameoOmar AmOmo~mZr lram_ _{Xa
~mYco hmoVo, hrgwm Bar `moOZmM hmoVr. `m am_ _{XamV lram_mMr CnmgZm H$a`mV lr_hmamO XJ
hmoD$Z OmV. lrhZw_VmgmaIr ~cmonmgZm H$$Z Xw>mMo {ZXmcZ H$amdo Ago `mZm dmQ>o. "_Z ho am_
aJr aJco' Aer AdWm Pm`m_wio AmnUmer YZw`~mU KoD$Z Ioim`cm `mdo Ago gmH$S>o Vo lr^y
am_MmZm KmcrV Am{U dV: lr^y am_M `m Amn`m {ZamJg ^$mMm h> nwadrV.
lr_hmamOm`m dmr_ò EH$ O_OmV dam` hmoVo. `mMm qnS> Am`mp_H$ hmoVm. `m_wio
_ZmMm H$c Ioi`m-~mJS>`mEodOr _ZZ-qMVZmV a_`mMm hmoVm. nyOm-AMm, gXJWmMo dmMZ
`mMr AmdS> hmoVr. gV-gnwfm`m ôQ>rMr _ZmV Vrd BN>m hmoVr.
_amR>r n{hcr B`mm nmo_|S>r`m emioV Pm`mda Xwg`m B`monmgyZ `mZm aZm{Jarcm gaH$mar
hm`Hy$c_ò Kmc`mV Amco. BJOr VrZ B`mm nQ>dYZ {_S>cHy$c_YyZ Ho$`mda nwT>o BJOr
ghmdrn`VMo {ejU nwhm gaH$mar hm`Hy$c_YyZ nyU Ho$co. A{Ve` Hw$emJ ~w{_mm, _ycJm_r
{dMma H$a`mMr j_Vm, ^mfodaVr {dcjU ^wd, ho gmao JwU AgyZhr lr_hmamOmMo _Z gmMo~
emco` {ejUmV a_co Zmhr. H${_H$ nwVH$mnojm gnwfmMr M[ao dmMUo `mZm OmV AmdS>m`Mo.
gV gnwfm`m XeZmMr AmoT> `mZm cmJcr hmoVr. nmT>o nmR> H$a`mnojm Zm__aU H$aUo `mZm
A{YH$ _hdmMo dmQ>V hmoVo. Ioimnojmhr, nyOm-AMm Am{U Ba qMVZmMr AmoT> cmJcr hmoVr.
_mJo Co{Icoc,o lr_hmamOm`m MwcV Am`m gm.AZgy`m `mMo Ò_mZ lr.ZmamÙ Ho$ed amZS>o
`m`mOdi `mZm lrgXJw $ ~rS>H$a _hmamO `mMo M[a dmMmd`mcm {_imco. lr.amZS>o ho lr~rS>H$a
_hmamOmMo {e` hmoVo. Vo lr_hmamOmZm lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm`m H$Wm gmJV. `m_wio lr~rS>H$a
_hmamOm{df`r Anma Amgw` Am{U ^$s lr_hmamOm`m _ZmV {Z_mU Pmcr, XeZmMr AmoT> cmJcr.
EH$Xm lrgV ZmamÙ _hmamO Ho$S>JmdH$a `mMo aZm{Jar ehamV AmJ_Z Pmco hmoVo. lr_hmamO
Vohm 12-13 dfmMo hmoVo. gV-gnwfm`m XeZmgmR>r AmVwa Pmco`m lr_hmamOmZr VmVS>rZo VoWo
OmD$Z `mMo XeZ KoVco. lrgV ZmamÙ _hmamOmZrhr `m ~mc_yVuMr AJ`mZo XIc KoVcr.
lr\$i hmVr XoD$Z, _VH$s daXhV R>odyZ `mZr lr_hmamOmZm ew^merdmX {Xco.
AgmM AmUIr EH$ gwdU`moJ lr_hmamOmZm cdH$aM cm^cm. lrgV JmS>J~o m~m EH$Xm aZm{Jarcm
Amco hmoVo. aZm{Jarcm _mVr`m XodimOdi ~oS>} ZmdmMo EH$ d`dmUr JhW lr JmS>Jo~m~mMo
^$ hmoVo. `m`mM Kar lr JmS>Jo~m~m _w$m_mcm hmoVo. lr_hmamOmZr d{S>cmMr nadmZJr KoVcr
{Xg _mg dmT>o.. / 9
Am{U Vo _mVr AmirVrc ~oS>m`m Kar Amco. lr JmS>Jo~m~m H$moUmcm nm`mcm hmV cmdyZ Z_H$ma
dJao H$$ XoV ZgV. AJXr hOmam|`m g_wXm`mg_moa H$sVZ H$aVmZmhr, H$sVZ gnVmgnVm ÔZmMm
H$moi CR>dyZ, H$moUmcmhr nm`mcm hmV cmdyZ Z_H$ma H$a`mMr gYr Z XoVm, {e` g_wXm`mVyZ
JmS>Jo~m~m AcJX Xya {ZKyZ OmV. `mVyZhr H$moUr AmJVwH$nUo nwT>o KwgyZ nm`mda S>moHo$ R>od`mMm
`Z Ho$cmM Va hmVmVrc H$mR>rMm hma Aem ZmR>mi ^$m`m _m`mda R>acocmM ! `m_wio
gdOU `mZm Xw$ZM dXZ H$arV.
lr_hmamO Oohm ~oS>} `m`m Kar Joco, `m doir lr JmS>Jo~m~m EH$m ImocrV EH$mVmV `mZ,
qMVZ H$arV ~gcoco hmoVo. lr_hmamO _mJrc Xadm`mZo AmdmO Z H$aVm JwnMyn lr JmS>Jo~m~m`m
ImocrV nmohmoMco Am{U `mZr lr JmS>Jo~m~mMo nm` Yaco. H$moUrVar Amnco nm` Yaco ho g_OVmM
lr JmS>Jo~m~m EH$X_ amJmMm Am{d^md H$arV VmS>H$Z CR>co Am{U H$mR>rcm hmV KmcrV Ajae:
H$S> m S> c o , ""H$mo U Amho Vo ? R> m a _m$Z Q> m H$sZ !'' ^`m^`m M r JmiU CS> d Um`m
lr JmS>Jo~m~m`m H$moYmZo Oamhr {dMcrV Z hmoVm lr_hmamO R>m_nUo nU A{Ve` _Xy damV
hUmco, ""AmnU _macV Va _cm Amn`m MaUr _mojM {_ioc.'' lr_hmamOmMo ho ^mdnyU,
{Z`r Cma EoHy$Z lr JmS>Jo~m~mMm amJmMm Am{d^md jUmV cw Pmcm. Imcr dmHy$Z lr_hmamOmMr
~mc_yVu CR>dyZ `mZr `mZm Amn`m Camer K> H$dQ>mico. `m`m _VH$md$Z dmg`mZo hmV
{\$adrV `mZr AJXr hiwdmanUo, H$mVHw $mZo {dMmaco, ""~mim Vwcm ho H$moUr {eH${dco ?'' lr_hmamO AJXr
ghO damV hUmco, ""ho H$moUr {eH$dco Zmhr. _yiMoM Amho !'' `m CmamVrc {ZamJgVoZo Am{U m_m{UH$nUmZo
lr JmS>J~o m~mZm \$ma AmZX dmQ>cm. `m N>mQo >m _yVucm H$mVHw $mZo `mhmiV `mZr `mMr MmH$er Ho$cr.
`mcm Amn`m eoOmar ~gdyZ KoVco Am{U {dMmaco, ""~mi Vwcm H$m` nm{hOo ?''
lr_hmamO hUmco, ""~m~m, _cm H$mhr ZH$mo. \$$ _m`m EH$m eHo$Mo {ZagZ H$amc H$m ?''
""H$moUVr eH$m Amho Vwcm ? H$m` Amho VwPm ?''
""~m~m, H$mngmMm Xmoam Pmcm Amho, `mcm \$maM nri nS>cm Amho. Vmo nri H$mTy>Z `mMm nydd V
H$mnyg H$aVm òBc
H$m ? AmnU _cm hr {dm {eH$dmc H$m ?''
lr JmS>Jo~m~m gnUo hgco. `mZr lr_hmamOmZm nwhm EH$Xm AmnmX_VH$ Amn`m H$nmQ>rZo
`mhmico. `m X`rMr IyU `m X`r nQ>cr. lr_hmamOmMo Xmohr ~mh Amn`m Xmohr hmVr Y$Z
lr_hmamOm`m {dcjU nmUrXma Aem >rV Amncr >r pWanUo amoIyZ R>m_nUo lr JmS>Jo~m~m
hUmco, ""~mi, hmoBc
! `m Xmo`mMm nyddV H$mnyg {Z{VM hmoBc. Vo Vw`m ^m`mVM {c{hcoco
Amho. _wcm, VwPm XmVm _moR>m Amho. Vy H$miOr H$$ ZH$mog. Vwcm `mo` doir `m`m XeZmMm cm^
hmoBc.'' H$VmW ^mdZoZo, g_mYmZmZo lr_hmamOmZr lr JmS>Jo~m~m`m nm`mda S>moHo$ R>odco. g
_woZo lr JmS>Jo~m~mZr AmerdmX {Xcm Am{U lr_hmamOmZr AnU Ho$cocm Zmai gmX hUyZ
10 && MV`gy` &&
lr_hmamOm`m hmVr R>odcm.

`m n{h`m ôQ>rV {Z_mU Pmcoco ho Acm{H$H$ ZmVo nwTo dqJVM hmoV Joco. OohmOohm e` hmoB
VohmVohm lr_hmamO lr JmS>Jo~m~m`m XeZmcm AmdOyZ OmV AgV. lr JmS>Jo~m~mMm _w$m_
AZoH$ doim _w~Bcm H$mi~mXodr ^mJmV Ago. lr_hmamO _w~Bcm Joco H$s _wm_ `mZm ôQ>`mgmR>r
H$mi~mXodrcm OmV. lr JmS>Jo~m~mZm AmdS>VmV hUyZ gmo~V Ôrhr KoVcocr AgV. _J H$Yr
{JaJmd MmnmQ>r, H$Yr dairMm g_w {H$Zmam qH$dm Xwgao EImXo emV {ZdmV Wi nmhZ VoWo XmoKo
AmOy~mOyMo OJ {dg$Z A`m_{df`H$ MM}_ò JwJ hmoD$Z Om`Mo.
EH$Xm AgoM XmoKohr dair`m g_w {H$Zmar Q>oH$S>rda {ZdmV ~gco hmoVo. `m {Xder
lr JmS>Jo~m~m A`V g _Z:pWVrV AZoH$ {df`mda lr_hmamOmer MMm H$arV hmoVo. _òM Vo
hUmco, ""_r Vwcm EH$ J_V XmI{dVmo. ~K _r Vw`m g_moaM Amho.'' ho H$mhrVar doJio KS>V Amho
ho OmUyZ lr_hmamO gmd$Z ~gVmhoV VmoM g_moa lr JmS>Jo~m~mMm Xoh _moR>m hmoV jUmYmV
lr JmS>Jo~m~m AmH$me ôXyZ Cô AmhoV, `m`m XohmZo A{V{damQ> d$n YmaU Ho$co Amho, Ago
lr_hmamOmZr nm{hco. _mZ CMmdyZ, S>moio {d\$m$Z lr_hmamO `m`mH$S>o nmhmV AgVmZmM,
lr JmS>Jo~m~m`m {R>H$mUr ""Ago ^r_H$m` AVr CJ$n & hZw_V Zm_o {MaOrd XoI &'' Ago A`V
VoO:nwO lrhZw_mZ {Xgy cmJco. Amn`m Cnm` XodVo`m A{V{damQ> `j XeZmZo lr_hmamOm`m
X`mV AmZXmMo H$moi CR>co. lrhZw_VmZm dXZ H$a`mgmR>r hmV OmoS>VmOmoS>Vm AmZXm`m C_u
A{Zdma hmoD$Z lr_hmamOmMo Xoh^mZ hanco. lr_hmamO ^mZmda Amco Vohm `mMo _VH$
lr JmS>Jo~m~m`m _mS>rda {dgmdco hmoVo Am{U lr JmS>Jo~m~m AVrd _mòZo `mZm Hw$admiV hmoVo.
AZoH$Xm ~moc`m`m AmoKmV lr_hmamO hr AmR>dU gmJV AgV. lr JmS>Jo~m~m`m AmR>dUrZo
`mMm H$R> XmQy>Z òB. hmV OmoSy>Z Vo JmS>Jo~m~mZm Z_H$ma H$arV. Vo Zoh_r hUV, "lrgV JmS>Jo~m~mZr
OZVm-OZmXZmVrc Iam na_oa AmoiIcm d _mZdVoMr godm H$$Z Amn`m godoZo, ^$sZo, ew
AmMaUmZo A{Ve` {Z:nhnUo cmoH${ejU Ho$co. cmoH$mMr AV:H$aUo o_mZo qOH$cr, {R>H${R>H$mUr
A\$mQ> cmoH$gJh Ho$cm. cmoH$mZm g_mJmcm cmdco. gXmMaUmMm Am{U gX>Y_mMm _{h_m `m`m
AV:H$aUmda R>g{dcm Am{U Ba^$sMm gma Ho$cm.'
""VwPm XmVm _moR>m Amho. Vwcm `mo` doir `m`m XeZmMm cm^ hmoBc,'' Ago lr JmS>Jo~m~mZr
gm{JVco Am{U Arda VwnmMr AmhVr nS>mdr Vgo Pmco. gX>JwôQ>rMr Vrd AmoT> _Zm_ò {Z_mU
Pmcr. gXJw$Mm emoY KoD$Z `mMm AmerdmX {_id`m{edm` _ZmVrc Vi_i emV hmoUma Zmhr,
nwT>rc _mJH$_U hmoUma Zmhr, Aer lr_hmamOmMr Imr Pmcr. lr~rS>H$a _hmamOmMo M[a
dmM`mnmgyZ `m`m{df`r`m ^$sMo Bdcogo amon _Zm_ò Oco hmoVoM. eodQ>r _ZmMm {Z`
Pmcm. KamVrc EH$drg nò KoD$Z, Ver {M>r KamV {chZ R>odyZ d`m`m ~mam`m dfuM lr_hmamO
{Xg _mg dmT>o.. / 11
gXJw$`m emoYmgmR>r KamMm `mJ H$$Z {ZKmco. Kam~mhoa nmD$c Q>mH$VmZm Amn`m o_i {n`m`m
Am{U chmZ`m ~{hUr`m AmR>dUrZo nmD$c qH${MV OS> Pmco, naVw Ordmgr eara`>r nhmUo & gdB OS>cr ~hV O_r OmUo &
Vo eara >r Z nS>rVm hmoUo & Xw:Ir H$Q>r V`mZo &
n[a {ddoH$mMm KoVm AmYma & AVar CnOo gX{dMma &
{Z`m{Z` {ZdS> gda & H$aUo gmYo V`mgr &&
Agm _Zmer {ddoH$ H$$Z emdV gwIm`m emoYmgmR>r lr_hmamO JmdHw$gm`m ~mhoa nS>co
Am{U _w~B_mJ} _Oc Xa_Oc H$arV lrgX>Jw$ ~rS>H$a _hmamOm`m nMdQ>rVrc Xm _{XamV Amco.
_{XamMr XoI^mc H$aUm`m lr.Xm_yAUm XoenmS>o `mZr lr_hmamOmMr MmH$er Ho$cr. EdT>m Xya
gX>Jw$`m emoYmV Anma H$>mZo dmg H$arV Amcocr Vr ~mc_yVu nmhZ Xm_yAUmZm gm` AmZX
Pmcm. WH$co`m lr_hmamOmZm W_ `mZr Ood-y ImD$ KmVco Am{U _{XamV amhm`mMr nadmZJr {Xcr.
Zm{eH$`m dmV`mV gH$mir CRy>Z JJmZmZ H$amdo, doJdoJ`m _{Xam_ò OmD$Z {d{dY
Xod-XodVmMo S>moim ^$Z XeZ `mdo, O_oc Ver `mZYmaUm H$amdr Agm {XZH$_ hmoVm. ZogyMm
nMm, gXam Am{U Q>monr `m `{V[a$ H$mhrhr gm_mZ Odi Zgcocm hm emdV gwIm`m _mJmdarc
dmgr EH$ Anyd _mZ{gH$ emVVm Am{U _w$nUmMm AmZX KoV hmoVm. {g ZmamoeH$amMr KQ>m
Agco`m {ed_{XamV lr_hmamO AZoH$Xm `mZmcm ~gV AgV. AZmoiIr Xoe, AZmoiIr
_mUg, {ZH$mMZ AdWm Agbr Varhr lr_hmamOmMm {XZH$_ gwIoZd Mmcy hmoVm.
EH$Xm lr_hmamO JJmH$mR>r {\$aV AgVmZm AMmZH$ EH$m `VrZo aVm AS>dyZ `mMm hmV nH$S>cm
... MmJcm gmV \y$Q> CM, H$_aocm cJmoQ>r, AJmda `mKM_, Immda iUmam OQ>m^ma, VoO:nwO,
CJ, naVw Varhr AmmgH$ M`m Am{U Immda Q>mH$coco EH$ AYdQ> OiHo$ cmHy$S> !
""H$m` ao nmoam ! H$moR>o Amcm Amhog ? Vwcm H$m` nm{hOo ?'' KZJ^ra AmdmOmV `mZo {dMmaco
Am{U CmamMr Anojm Z R>odVmM, `mZm OdiOdi AmoT>rVM Amn`m~amo~a EH$m ~mOycm Zoco
Am{U `m`m _wIm_ò ~io~ioM gmX KmVcm. ""nyam hmo OmEJm & nyam hmo OmEJm & d$ AmZona
nyam hmo OmEJm & _V S>amo & _oar nyU H$nm h, AmerdmX h &'' Ago hUyZ `m `VrZo lr_hmamOmZm
AmqcJZ {Xco. `m gJmMr AmR>dU gmJVmZm lr_hmamO hUmco, ""`m doir H$m`H$m` Pmco Vo gd
eXmV gmJUo H$R>rU Amho. EdT>o {Z{V H$s `Vr Zmhrgo Pm`mda _r `mZm Iyn emoYco. nU Vo _cm
nwhm {Xgco AWdm ôQ>co ZmhrV.''
gX>Jw$`m emoYmW Zm{eH$n`V Jococo lr_hmamO AIoa `mMo _m_m lr.Zahar ZmamÙ gmodZr
`m`mH$S>o XmXa, _w~B òWo naV Amco. lr_hmamO KamVyZ {ZKyZ Jo`mnmgyZ KaMr gd _S>ir
qMVmH$mV hmoVr. Amncm hm chmZJm ^mMm gwI$n naV Am`mMo nmhZ _m_mZm A{Ve` AmZX
12 && MV`gy` &&
Pmcm. n nmR>dyZ `mZr aZm{JarhZ lr_hmamOm`m d{S>cmZm ~mocmdyZ KoVco. lr_hmamOmMo dS>rc
VmVS>rZo XmXacm Amco. Amn`m `m OJmdoJ`m _wcmcm Odi KoD$Z `mZr `mMr g_OyV H$mT>cr
Am{U `mcm gmo~V KoD$Z Vo aZm{Jarcm naV Amco. lr_hmamOmMo {ejU nwT>o gw$ Pmco. lr. JUoe
{dUyZm hUOo _hmamOm`m d{S>cmZm ggmamMr O~m~Xmar CMc`mgmR>r ZmoH$ar gmoSy>Z Kar nmo_|S>rcm
amhmdo cmJV hmoVo; naVw lr_hmamOmZr d{H$crMm A`mg H$$Z Zm_dV dH$sc hmdo, Ago `mZm
dmQ>o Am{U `mgmR>r lr_hmamOmZm aZm{Jarcm {ejUmgmR>r R>odcoco hmoVo. lr_hmamOmMr hemar,
^mfodarc ^wd, VH$ew {dMmanVr nmhmVm Vo Oa d{H$cr `dgm`mV Joco AgVo Va `mZr _moR>m
cm{H$H$ {_idcm AgVm nU lr_hmamOmZr doJimM `mg KoVcm hmoVm. BJOr emioV {ejU Mmcy
hmoVo; naVw emco` {ejUmV lr_hmamOmZm Mr ZhVr. Vo dmadma gYr {_ioc Vohm d{H$cr
`dgm`m{df`rMr Amncr ZmdS> d{S>cm`m H$mZr KmcV. Vo d{S>cmZm gmJV H$s `m `dgm`mV
I`mMo ImoQ>o Am{U ImoQ>mMo Iao H$a`mV ~wr dmnamdr cmJVo. ho nmn Amho. _cm Vo H$a`mV
dma` Zmhr. lr_hmamOmZm cmJcocm `mg A{YH$ _moR>m hmoVm. "_m`m Hw$Qw>~mH$[aVm _cm XodmMr
d{H$cr H$am`Mr Amho Am{U _mPo Hw$Qw>~ \$ma _moR>o Amho,' Ago lr_hmamO hUV AgV. ""dgwYd
Hw$Qw>~H$_'' AerM ^mdZm ~miJyZ lr_hmamOmZr nwT>rc dmQ>Mmc Ho$cr.
H$.Cdamd grVmam_ d `m lr_hmamOm`m ~mc{_mMo {X.30.4.1980Mo EH$ gwXa n
lr_hmamOm`m ngJhmV CncY Pmco (n H$. 7, n[a{e>> H$. 4). `mV Vo {c{hVmV, ""....
(nmcm) H$er gwdmV H$amdr VoM g_OoZm. >rg_moa Amn`m chmZnUmMm H$mi C^m am{hcm.
n`m`m AmirVcr d BVa {R>H$mUMr XJm_Vr, Ioi, ~XyH$ CS>m`mda Amncr nmocrg MmH$sdaMr
hmOar, EH$ Zm XmoZ ZmZm ò ZOaog_moa {Xgy cmJcr.
.... Vwhr na_mW _mJmH$S>o H$m d H$go JocmV, Ho$hm JocmV Vo _cm _mhrV Zmhr. naVw Omo _mJ
MmoImicmV `mV Cm_ è, Anyd Zmdcm{H$H$ gnmXZ Ho$cmV, EoHy$Zgwm Zoh_r AmZXM dmQ>cm.
g_mYmZ dmQ>co. _r 1930 gmcr aZm{Jar gmoS>cr. Vm`mamd gmdaH$a `m doir _m`m _Y`m
AmirVrc KamV {~hmS>H$$ hmoVo. `m`m oaUoZoM _r _{Q>H$ Pm`mda ~mhoa nS>cmo d Am_u_ò
XmIc Pmcmo...''
aZm{JarVrc lr_hmamOmMo {dmWu OrdZhr gmhgr Jmo>tZr âcoco hmoVo. MidirMo {Xdg,
dmV`dra gmdaH$amMm oaUmXm`r ghdmg Am{U _mJXeZ, {Z^` dmr `m_wio darc nmVrc
"~XyH$ CS>d`mMm' gJ, dmMyZ Am` dmQ>V Zmhr. $ico`m nmD$cdmQ>oZo OmUo lr_hmamOm`m
d^mdmVM ZhVo. ZdrZ _mJ MmoImiUo hrM `mMr ghOdmr hmoVr Am{U `m ghOdmrVyZM
`mZr EH$m doJ`m {XeoZo _mJH$_U gw$ Ho$co.
D D D
{Xg _mg dmT>o../ 13
H$aU : 3
JwH$nm hmoVm & H$io g`kmZ &&

gaH$mar hm`Hy$c_YyZ {ejU Mmcy hmoVo. naVw lr_hmamO _ZmZo VoWo ZhVo. _Z Jw$`m emoYmV
{âr{âr {\$aV hmoVo. lram_mMr nyOm-AMm {Z` H$amdr, dV:cm O_oc, C_Ooc Ver CnmgZm
H$amdr, gXJWmMo dmMZ-_ZZ H$amdo, H$moR>o gnwf XeZmMm `moJ Amcm Va AmdOyZ YmdV VoWo Omdo
Am{U Amn`m gXJw$`m IwUm gmnS>VmV H$m ho nmhmdo Am{U ho gmao H$$Z O_oc Ver emimhr
H$amdr Agm {XZH$_ Mmcy hmoVm. _ZmVrc Ii~i, Vi_i YmH$Q>m JmoXm_mBOdi _moH$ir
hm`Mr. `m YmH$Q>m ~{hUrda, lr_hmamOmMm Ord hmoVm. OrdmnmS> o_ hmoVo. AmB`m {ZYZmZVa
Va lr_hmamO {Vcm \$ma OnV Am{U Vr YmH$Q>r ~hrUhr `m Amn`m _Zdr _moR>m ^mdmcm gwImV
R>odm`cm YS>nS>m`Mr.
naVw ho gwIhr \$ma {Xdg cm^co Zmhr. 1930`m gw_mamcm Am_memMr gmW Amcr. `m
gmWrZo JmoXm_mBMm ~ir KoVcm. `m gmWrMo d$n EdT>o Vrd hmoVo H$s, EH$EH$ H$$Z KamVrc ghm
_mUgo XJmdcr. JmoXm_mBMm _`y lr_hmamOmZm MQ>H$m cmdyZ Jocm. VrZ {Xdg lr_hmamOmZr AnmUr
d` Ho$co hmoVo. S>mo`mVrc AlyZm IS> ZhVm. OrdZm`m jU^JwanUmMr VrdVoZo OmUrd Pmcr.
`mM~amo~a _ZmV AmYrM Imocda _yi Y$Z ~gcoco OrdZ{df`H$ nwhm CgiyZ da Amco.
OJ`mMm AW Var H$m` Amho ? òWo gmaoM AemV, Aidm`m nmZmdarc nm`m_mUo jUOrdr
Agoc Va `m _mohnmemV H$emgmR>r amhm`Mo ? emV Ago OrdZmV H$m` Amho ? Vo H$go m hmoBc
?
`m H$mocmhmcmV _Z:emVr H$er {_ioc ? Vr H$moU {_idyZ XoBc ? _mJ H$moU XmIdrc ? Vmo
_mJXeH$ H$moR>o ôQ>oc ? ""g` kmZ Oo H$s MwH$dr O_ _aU &'' ho g`kmZ H$moU XoBc ?
gVmMr M[ao lr_hmamOmZr ~maH$mBZo dmMcr hmoVr. gm`m mMr Cmao gVmZm `m`m gX>Jw$`m
H$noZo m Pmcr hmoVr, hm B{Vhmg lr_hmamOmZm MmJcm _mhrV hmoVm. "gXJwdmMmoZr gmnS>oZm gmo`'
Ago lrgV VwH$mo~mZr gm{JVco Amho, Vohm `m gm`m mMr Cmao gXJw$M XoD$ eH$Vrc Agm
{ZH$f H$mTy>Z lr_hmamOmZr gXJw$`m emoYmgmR>r ~mhoa nS>`mMm {Z` Ho$cm. BJOr ghmdrMr
narjm Vm|S>mda Amcr hmoVr; nU lr_hmamOmZr `mhZ _moR>r narjm m`Mo R>adco. lr_hmamOmZr
d{S>cm`m Zmdo EH$ {M>r {chZ R>odcr. {M>rMm Ame` Agm hmoVm H$s, "_r KamVrc H$mhr ngo
KoVco AmhoV. Ka gmoSy>Z _r OmV Amho. Hw$Qw>~m_ò H$iV ZH$iV KS>co`m gd nmVH$mMo jmcZ
hmdo, nydOmMm Am{U Amncm Cma hmdm, `mgmR>r BamonmgZm H$aUo Amd`H$ Amho. gX>Jw$`m
ôQ>rZo `m H$m`mg _mJXeZ hmoBc. ^JdVm`m ^$sZo Am{U o_mZo Hw$imMm Cma hmoBc, O__aUm`m
14 && MV`gy` &&
\o$`mVyZ _w$s {_ioc Agm _cm {dmg dmQ>Vmo. _cm gX>Jw$ ôQ>mdoV Agm AmerdmX AmnU _cm
mdm. _r Kar naV Z Am`mg Hw$Qw>~m`m {_iH$VrVrc _mPm {hgm lram_ Xodmc`mcm mdm.
_m`m `m H$`m_wio Amn`mcm Xw:I hmoBc, ~amM mg ghZ H$amdm cmJoc, cmoH$mndmXmcm Vm|S>
mdo cmJoc, `mMr _cm H$nZm Amho. `mgmR>r AmnU _cm j_m H$amdr. _mPm emoY Ko`mMm `Z
H$$ Zò.' hr {M>r KamV {chZ R>odyZ lr_hmamO _w~B_mJ} nw`mcm Amco Am{U lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm`m
_R>mV Amco. AmOda _Zmer KoVcocm `mg \$cn hmo`mMr doi AmVm Odi Amcr hmoVr. hr KQ>Zm
1929-30 gmcmVrc Amho.
lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm`m nw`mVrc _R>mMr `dWm lr.dmgwAUm ^mJdV ho lr~rS>H$a _hmamOmMo
_moR>o A{YH$mar {e` Am{U _R>mMo _w` {dV nmhmV hmoVo. lr.^mJdVmZr Amnco gd OrdZ
lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm`m MaUr AnU Ho$coco hmoVo. Amn`m ~m`H$mo_wcmgh nyU doi _R>mVM amhZ,
gdH$mi Vo VoWoM godm H$arV AgV. lr_hmamO _R>mV nmohmoMco Vohm VoWo H$moUrM n[a{MV ZhVo.
naVw hm H$modim VU KaXma gmoSy>Z gX>Jw$`m emoYmgmR>r {ZKmcm` ho nmhZ dmgwAUmZr lr_hmamOmZm
_R>mVM R>odyZ KoVco. lr_hmamOmZm "lram_X`'Am{U "am_JrVm' `mMo nmamÙ H$a`mg `mZr
gwM{dco. `m_mUo lr_hmamO nmamÙ H$$ cmJco. dmgwAUm A{YH$mar nwf hmoVo. lr_hmamOm_Yrc
doJionU, `mMr Vi_i Am{U T>{Z` dmgwAUmZm g_Ocm hmoVm Am{U ^mdcmhr hmoVm. hm
H$moUr KamVyZ AgmM niyZ Amcocm CZmS> _wcJm Zho, ho nmUr H$mhr doJio Amho ho `m`m cjmV
Amco hmoVo. lr_hmamOm~c `m`m _ZmV o_hr {Z_mU Pmco hmoVo. lr_hmamOmMo dmJUo Ago Agm`Mo
H$s, `m`m gnH$mV Omo H$moUr òB `m`m _ZmV `m`m{df`r {ZIi AmXa Am{U Anma o_M
{Z_mU hmdo. `m_wio dmgwAUmZr _R>mVrc gd godH$mZm lr_hmamOmer AmXanydH$M dmJ`m{df`r
gyMZm {X`m hmo`m.
lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm`m _R>mV Am`mda Xwg`m-{Vg`m {XderM lr_hmamOmZm "nargne'
H$aUmam Vmo jU Amcm. lr_hmamO `m {Xder XmoZ har ~mam dmO`m`m gw_mamg lram_X`
dmMrV ~gco hmoVo. lrdmgwXodmZV gadVr VWm lr~m~m _hmamO gh~wo ho lr~rS>H$a _hmamOmMo
{e` Am{U Wmoa A{YH$mar gnwf Zoh_r_mUo lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm`m _R>mV XeZmgmR>r Amco.
lr~m~m _hmamO ho `m doir C_Zr AdWoV AgV. ""AIS> Vo `mZ Mmco d$nmMo & Zmhr Vo
OJmMo ^mZ H$mhr &&'' Aem AdWoV Agcoco lr~m~m _hmamO _R>mV Amco H$s _R>mVrc gdmZmM
cmoQ>mJU KmcyZ Z_H$ma H$arV. ""_R>rMm nmU`m ôQ>Vm a`mV& `mgr XS>dV H$[aVr VoW&& _R>rMo
_mO$ XoIVm Z`Zr & `mMohr MaUr cmJVmVr &&'' Aem AdWoV Agcoco lr~m~m _hmamO Ak
gm_m` OZm`m coIr ^{_> R>aco hmoVo.
Ago ho lr~m~m _hmamO, lr_hmamO OoWo "am_X`' dmMrV ~gco hmoVo VoWo Amco. eoOmarM
JwH$nm hmoVm.. / 15
dmgwAUm hohr ~gcoco hmoVo. Am`mAm`m VoWo EH$ nmQ> _mS>cocm hmoVm `mda Cô amhZ lr_hmamOmZm
`mZr hgyZ {dMmaco, ""H$m` ao {dR>mo~m, d{S>cmZm Z gmJVmM aZm{JarhZ niyZ Amcmg hmo` ?''
nmoWrVyZ ZOa da H$$Z lr_hmamOmZr lr~m~mH$S>o nm{hco. lr~m~m dgc_woZo lr_hmamOmH$S>o g
p_Vhm` H$arV nmhmV hmoVo. lr_hmamO VgoM EH$Q>H$ `m`mH$S>o nmhmV am{hco. Jocr gmV-AmR>
df} `mMm `mg KoD$Z AmnU nm`nrQ> H$aVmo` Vmo gX>Jw$ Agm g_wI C^m Amho `mMo ^mZ
lr_hmamOmZm MQ>H$Z Amco Zgmdo. EdT>mV lr~m~m dmgwAUmH$S>o nmhmV hUmco, ""ho (dmgwAUm)
_cm Zoh_r lrA$cH$moQ> dm_t`m d$nmV nmhmVmV.'' Am{U nmhmVmnmhmVm lr~m~m`m OmJr
lrA$cH$moQ> dm_tMr ""Ago d{j {dVrU `m dO`Vr & Yar H$m{nZogr nhm _oIcm Vr & OJm
Aml`mo Xm|{Xcr nmoqQ> gmMm &'' Aer _Zmohmar _yVu lr_hmamOmnwT>o gJwUgmH$ma Pmcr. AmOy~mOycm
{X` VoOmMr ^m \$mH$cr hmoVr. lr_hmamO hm M_H$ma S>moio {d\$m$Z nmhmV am{hco. H$m` hmoVo
Amho ho cjmV òVmM "AmZXmMo S>mohr AmZX VaJ' Aer lr_hmamOmMr AdWm Pmcr. X`mVyZ
MV`m`m char CR>`m. Xoh^mZ {dg$Z, mU S>mo`mV AmUyZ lr_hmamO lrdm_r g_WmMr _yVu
X`mV gmR>dy cmJco. AZw^dr dmgwAUmZr lr_hmamOmZm hmVmcm Y$Z CR>dco Am{U lrdm_r
g_W$nr lr~m~m _hmamOm`m nm`mda KmVco.
gmam jUâmMm Ioi naVw ""`mMr ôQ>r hmoVm & _mdiVmo eX & Ho$di AmZX {ZO~moYy&'' Aer
lr_hmamOmMr AdWm Pmcr hmoVr. lr~m~mZrhr Amncm daXhV `m`m _VH$md$Z, nmR>rd$Z
{\$adcm Am{U `mZm hUmco, ""òWo Agon`V Vy _m`m Kar òV Om'' ho EoHy$Z Va dmgwAUmZr
gVmofmZo _mZ S>mocdcr. lr_hmamOmZm AmerdmX XoD$Z lr~m~m _hmamO Yw_mi {~pS>J_Yrc Amn`m
Kar naVco. lr_hmamOmMo _Z AdUZr` Aem AmZXmZo ^$Z Joco hmoVo. `mMr gX>Jw$ emoY`mm
gncr hmoVr. `mMm "XmVm' `mZm ôQ>cm hmoVm !
lr~m~m Kar naVco Var lr_hmamO AmZXgmJamV AmZXm`m cmQ>md a PwcVM hmoV.o dmgwAUmZmgwm
ho gmao nmhZ \$ma gVmof Pmcm hmoVm. `mZr lr_hmamOmZm Xwg`m {Xder lr~m~m`m Kar nmR>dco.
lr_hmamOmZm Amcoco nmhZ lr~m~mZm _moR>m AmZX dmQ>cm. `mZr lr_hmamOmZm Amn`m {ZH$Q>
~gdyZ KoVco. lr_hmamOmZm nmhZ lr~m~m`m _ZmV aZm{JarVrc lr_hmamOm`m Ka`m dmV`m`m
AmR>dUr Om`m Pm`m. gm`m Hw$Qw>~r`mMr `mZr MmH$er Ho$cr Am{U lr_hmamOmZm gm{JVco, ""_r
Vw`m Hw$Qw>~mV XmoZ df} dmV`mcm hmoVmo. Vy H$mhr naH$m Zhog. VwPo AmOmo~m _mPo MmJco Zohr hmoVo.
Vy òWo Amhog Vmon`V _m`mH$S>o {Z:gH$moMnUo òV Om !''
lr_hmamO `m_mUo OdiOdi XaamoOM lr~m~m`m XeZmgmR>r Yw_mi {~pS>J _ò OmD$ cmJco
Am{U lr_hmamOm`m OrdZmV EH$ ZdrZ nd gw$ Pmco. lr~m~mH$S>o Omdo, `mZm dXZ H$$Z g_moa Z_
Cô amhmdo, `mZm H$mhr ~mOmamVyZ AmUm`Mo Agoc Vo AmUyZ mdo, EImXo H$m_ gm{JVco Va H$amdo,
16 && MV`gy` &&
H$Yr lr~m~m`m nZr lrXwJmVmB H$mhr Im`cm XoV Vo lr~m~mMm gmX hUyZ Imdo Ago Mmcy hmoV.o _m
OmVrV OmV doi lr~m~m`m ghdmgmV `mMm Xmg hUyZ g_wI Cô amhmdo Agm H$_ gw$ hmoVm.
AgoM EHo$ {Xder lr_hmamO lr~m~mH$S>o Joco AgVm lr~m~mZr `mZm AZwJh XoD$Z CnXoe
Ho$cm. ""Vd_{g'' `m _hmdm`mMo Jw `mZr lr_hmamOmZm n> H$$Z gm{JVco. "VV hUOo
na_m_m. Vo na_nX Amho. na_oam{edm` A` gd Zm_$nm_H$ ` d ^mg_mZ hmoUmao ho {d Za
Amho, A{Z` Amho. na_ emV Agm EH$M EH$ na_m_m Amho Am{U Vmo VyM Amhog (d A{g).'
Jw_wImVyZ hm CnXoe JhU Ho$`mda Amncr pWVr H$er Pmcr ho d{UVmZm lr_hmamO hUVmV Vo _hmdm`mMo {ddaU & lrgXJwZr Ho$co nyU &&
Ord gwImdcm gnyU & Xoh ^md CS>mcm &&
Omhcm gd H$me & na_ VoOmo_` OJXrey &&
gmo@h ^mdmMm c`mey & lr JwH$no AZw^{dcm &&
`mZVa lr~m~mZr `m _hmdm`mMm `j AZw^d lr_hmamOmZm {Xcm. lr_hmamOm{edm` hm AZw^d
`Wm`mo` eXmV dUZ H$aUo H$moUmcm e` Amho ? _hmH$dtMr {V^mhr òWo {WQ>r nS>oc. _hmamO
hUVmV Eogo dXmoZr {XYco XeZ & gd âco lrdm_ramO nyU &&
Zmhr [aVm R>md V`mdrU & {dr {d$no ZQ>co Vo &&
AVar Omo Ago _r OmUm & Vmo hr ZQ>cm lrgXJw n[anyUm &&
Z {Xgo d$nmdrU Z`Zm & H$mhr AmO Vò H$mir &&
`m {X` AZw^dmZVa lr~m~mZr lr_hmamOmZm d-d$nmMr IyU g_OmdyZ XoD$Z "`mMoM
`mZ `Wme$s H$arV Om' Agm AmXoe {Xcm. ""_r H$arV gH$chr VwPo H$m`mcm &'' Agm R>m_
{dmg Amn`m `m {e`mcm {Xcm Am{U ""{ZOIwUm KodmoZr `mZr & EH$mVr `mdo pWamgZr &
{ZO`mg cmJmo AZwgYmZr & gdH$mi VwO ~mim &&'' Agm AmerdmX AmB`m __VoZo, Amn`m `m
{e`m`m _VH$s hmV R>odyZ {Xcm. AZwJh {_iVmM lr_hmamOmMo _Z AmZXmZo ^$Z Amco. AZoH$
dfmMr _Zmcm cmJcocr Vi_i emV Pmcr. gX>Jw$Mm emoY nyU Pmcm. AmVm `mnwT>o OJm`Mo Vo
gX>Jw$gmR>r Am{U _am`Mo Vo gXJwH$mOmgmR>r Agm T>^md _ZmV {Z_mU Pmcm. _mJMo gmaoM `m
PPmdmVmV CSy>Z Joco Am{U Cacm Vmo Ho$di EH$ {e`; EH$m g_W Jw$Mm g_W {e` !
AZwJhmZVa AZoH$ {Xdg lr_hmamO lr~rS>H$a _R>mVM _w$m_mcm am{hco hmoVo. `m Xa`mZ
nw`mV VmnmMr gmW Amcr hmoVr. _R>mVrc ~aoM godH$ `m gmWr`m VS>m`mV gmnS>co. _R>mV
nwOmar, godH$, H$moUr ^$-_S>ir Aer doiocm 25-30 _mUgo Oodm`cm Agm`Mr. EdT>m cmoH$m`m
OodUmMr H$m` `dWm H$am`Mr `mMr dmgwAUmZm qMVm nS>cr hmoVr. lr_hmamOmZr `m doir
JwH$nm hmoVm.. / 17
dV: nwT>o hmoD$Z Vr O~m~Xmar Amn`m Immda KoVcr. _R>mV EH$ a`m ^mJdV ZmdmMo godH$ hmoVo.
`mZm _XVrcm KoD$Z lr_hmamOmZr V~c VrZ _{hZo _R>mVrc d`nmH$Ka gm^mico. Oo-Oo H$m_
hmVr KoVco Vo-Vo H$m_ `dpWVnUo H$am`Mo, H$me`mZo H$am`Mo Am{U H$moUVohr H$m_ A{V>oMo
_mZm`Mo Zmhr hr {eH$dU lr_hmamOmZr gdmZm Am`w`â {Xcr; `mMm lrJUoem lr~rS>H$a
_hmamOm`m _R>mV Pmcm.
`m nw`mVrc _w$m_mVM lr~m~mZr lr_hmamOmZm H$n ^mJmV Agco`m "~m~mOmZ' Zmdm`m
C Am`mp_H$ A{YH$ma Agco`m A`V d Aem gmdr`m XeZmgmR>r nmR>{dco. WS>r,
dmam, D$Z, nmD$g H$emMrhr ndm Z H$aVm {dXohrnUo a`m`m H$mR>r nSy>Z AgUm`m "~m~mOmZ'
`mZr lr_hmamOmMo hgyZ dmJV Ho$co. H$mVwH$mZo `m`m _wIr gmX âdcm Am{U AmerdmXhr
{Xco. _hmamOm`m nmR>rd$Z, _wImd$Z hmV [\$adrV "Y` Voam XmVm !' Aer gX>Jw$Mr AmoiIhr
{Xcr. nwT>o EH$Xm AJXr AerM AmoiI EH$ "\$H$sa~m~m' `m Zmdm`m _wgc_mZ gnwfmZohr
lr_hmamOmZm XoD$Z `m`m gXJw$Mm A{YH$ma {H$Vr _moR>m Amho, `mMm `` {Xcm hmoVm.
_R>mVrc {XZM`m `dpWV Mmcy hmoVr. lr~m~mMo XeZ {Z` hmoV hmoVo. `mMr godmhr hmVyZ
WmoS>r\$ma hmoV hmoVr. _R>mVrc _S>itZm cmJoc Vr _XV lr_hmamO H$arVM hmoVo. naVw EH$ {Xdg
lr_hmamOmZmM VmnmZo Jmgco. gmWrZo JmdmV H$ha _mS>cocm hmoVm. lr_hmamOmZmhr IynM Vmn
Amcm. H$mhr H$m_ H$a`mMr e$s AJmV am{hcr Zmhr. lr.dmgwAUm Am{U `m`m nZrZo Amn`m
_wcmgmaIr `mMr godm-ewlyfm Ho$cr. lr. {eIao d AmfY`moOZm H$arV hmoVo. lr~m~m XaamoOM
VòVrMr MmH$er H$$Z OmV hmoVo. naVw Vmnmcm CVma nS>V ZhVm. {Xdg|{Xdg Ae$nUm dmT>V
hmoVm. A OmV ZhVo. AWUmV CRy>Z ~g`mMohr ~i ZhVo. Am{U AmnUmgmR>r `m gd Xod
_mUgmZm Ho$dT>m IVm Im`m cmJV AmhoV, `m {dMmamZo lr_hmamO H$>r hmoV hmoVo. cmZrV nSy>Z
AgVmZm, Amn`m eoOmar lrXmmo`, lrdm_r g_W, lr~rS>H$a _hmamO Am{U lr~m~m _hmamO
Amn`m ajUmW Cô AmhoV Ago ` dmadma `mZm {XgV Ago. lr_hmamOmMr VòV WmoS>r ~ar
Pm`mda dmgwAUmZr aZm{Jarcm gd h{H$H$V H$i{dcr. lr_hmamOm`m d{S>cmZr _hmXod `m
_hmamOm`m ò> ~YZy m nw`mcm nmR>dco Am{U Vo AmOmar lr_hmamOmZm KoD$Z nmo_S| >rcm naV Amco.
`m doir lr_hmamO Kar naVco Vo gmo~V JwH$noMr {eXmoar KoD$Z ! _mJrc doir ~mcd`mV Ho$coco
gmhg \$gco hmoVo; naVw `m doir _m Jw$Mm AmerdmX Am{U _mJXeZ gmo~V KoD$ZM Vo Kar Amco.
OrdZmMm AW gmnS>cm hmoVm. {Xem Z$s Pmcr hmoVr. g^_mMo YwHo$ {d$Z Joco hmoVo. Am_kmZm`m
H$memV OrdZ COiyZ {ZKmco hmoVo. _ZmVrc Ii~i emV Pmcr hmoVr. _m `m gm`mMr OmUrd
Ka`m _mUgmZm {H$Vr Pmcr hmoVr hm M hmoVm !
D D D
18 && MV`gy` &&
H$aU : 4
CnmgZocm T> Mmcdmdo &&

lr._hmXod JUoe Amn`m AmOmar H${Z> ~YyZm, lr_hmamOmZm nmo_|S>rcm KoD$Z Amco. AmOmam_wio
Ae$nUm Amcm hmoVm Vmo hiyhiy H$_r Pmcm Am{U lr_hmamO nmo_|S>rcm Ka`m H$ma^mamV _XV
H$$ cmJco. dS>rc WH$co hmoVo. lr._hmXod JUoe `dgm`m`m {Z{_mmZo aZm{Jarcm amhmV hmoVo.
lr.ZmamÙ JUoe ZmoH$argmR>r ~mhoaJmdr dmV`mcm hmoVo. lr.lrYa har (Xmmo` JUoe) Am{U
lr_hmamO nmo_|S>rcm d{S>cmg_doV Kaggma nmhmV hmoVo. naVw d{S>cmMr VòVhr AmVm jrU Pmcr
hmoVr. 1932 gmcr Am_mem`m {dH$mamZo `mMo {ZYZ Pmco Am{U KamMr Ywam AmVm gddr `m XmoZ
^mdmda nS>cr.
lr_hmamO `m H$mcmdYrV Ka`m eoVrH$S>o cj XoV hmoVo. eoVrMr `mZm _ZmnmgyZ AmdS> hmoVr.
`mZr gJr dV: eoVmV ZmJa Yacm hmoVm. eoVrda gy_ {dMma H$$Z, `mZr AZoH$ `moJ Ka`m
eoVmV Ho$co. `m doir H$moH$UmV nmdgm`mV _w`do ^mV, ZmMUr Am{U Chm`mV nmUr Ag`mg
{_a`m, dmJr, dmc, nmdQ>m, Hw$irW Aer _moOH$sM {nHo$ KoVcr OmV. lr_hmamOmZr _m Amn`m
eoVmV H$mo~r, \w$cH$mo~r, Q>mo_Q>mo, haâm, H$qcJS> Aer `m doir H$moH$UmV H$moUr Z Ho$cocr {nHo$
KoVcr Am{U cmoH$m`mg_moa EH$ AmXe R>odcm. òH$ H$m_mMo ~maH$mBZo {ZarjU H$$Z Vo A{YH$
MmJco H$go H$aVm òBc `mMm {dMma Zoh_r Mmcy Ago. lr_hmamOmZr eoVr{df`H$ {H$Vr gImoc kmZ
m Ho$co hmoVo `mMm `` nwT>o `mZr {c{hco`m {d{dY nm_YyZ òVmo.
`mM H$mimV CnmgZmhr Mmcy hmoVr. lr~m~m`m XeZmMr AmoT> cmJcr H$s nw`mcm lr~m~m`m
XeZmgmR>r Omdo, `m`m _mJXeZmImcr CnmgZm nwT>o `mdr Am{U nwhm Kar naVmdo Agm H$_
hmoVm. KameoOmarM am__{Xa hmoVo VoWo nyOm-AMm, AmaVr, gmao dV: ZrQ>ZoQ>Ho$ H$arV. KanagmV
gmoZMm\$m, ZmJMm\$m, gwaJr, ~Hw$ir Aer gwJYr \w$co XoUmao dj hmoVo. lr_hmamOmZr Jwcm~, OmBOwB, M_ocr, ZmXdQ>r, JmoH$Uu, nm[aOmVH$ Aem {d{dY \w$cPmS>mMr ~mJ Omonmgcr hmoVr. gm`nyOocm
cmc, {ndir, nmT>ar Jwc~jrMr \w$co ânya {_im`Mr. Vwig, Xwdm, ~oc _w~cH$ CncY hm`Mm.
Kam_mJo dmhVm nm`mMm nmQ>, `mda nmogcocr Zmair-nmo\$itMr ~mJ, AdVr^dVr`m S>m|Ja
CVmamdarc KZXmQ> djamOr, `m_wio _{Xa n[aga EImm Vnmo^y_r_mUo emV, erVc Am{U n{d
dmQ>m`Mm. gmYZm H$a`mgmR>r WmZ A{Ve` gw`mo` hmoVo. lr_hmamO _Zmo^mdo lram_mMo nyOZ
H$am`Mo Am{U Amn`m gmYZoVhr a__mU hm`Mo.
lr.ZmZm ^mdo ho lr_hmamOmMo ^mMo `m doi`m AmR>dUr gmJV. lr_hmamO dV: ahmQ>mda
CnmgZobm.. / 19
~gyZ nmUr AmoTy>Z S>moUâ nmUr H$mTy>Z `m`Mo Am{U `m WS> nm`mZo AmKmoi H$am`Mo. ahmQ>mda
~g`mdahr Vm|S>mZo A^J, JmUr, Vmoo Ago H$mhrVar Mmcy Agm`Mo. _YoM ""Xw{Z`m PwH$Vr h,
PwH$mZodmcm Mm{hò &'' Ago hUm`Mo. chmZJo ZmZm H$Yr dm`nUo AmKmoir`m nm`mcm {edco Va
nwhm S>moU [aH$m_r H$$Z, Z`mZo nmUr e|XyZ nwhm AmKmoi H$am`Mo. gmYZm Aer H$R>moanUo Mmcy
hmoVr Am{U `m_wioM AJmV H$mhr Xdr gm_`hr `m VU d`mV Amco hmoVo. `mMm `` ghOnUo
AZoH$ cmoH$mZm òV hmoVm. A{V{M{H$gH$ d^mdmMr H$moH$Ur _mUgo Oar `mcm \$ma _hd XoV
ZhVr Varhr, H$Yr Aem Jmo>r KS>V H$s lr_hmamOmMo ho doJio gm_` EImm KQ>ZoVyZ OmUdm`Mo.
EH$Xm lr_hmamO AmOmoir gmo_oacm Mmcco hmoVo. gmo_oa ImS>r ncrH$S>Mo Jmd. `m_wio
VarVyZ (hmoS>rVyZ) ncrH$S>o Omdo cmJm`Mo. BgmH$ C_a JS>H$ar hm "Va'dmcm hUOo ZmdmS>r ghO
BH$S>`m {VH$S>`m Jnm H$aVmZm lr_hmamOmZm hUmcm, ""_wcJm ~aoM {Xdg AmOmar Amho. ~arM
AmfYo {Xcr nU JwU Zmhr. Vwhr H$mhrVar Xdm m.'' lr_hmamOmZr hmVmVrc {dS>r CcJS>cr Am{U
`mVrc {M_wQ>â V~mIy BgmH$`m hmVmda R>do cr. BgmH$Zo Jm|YiyZ {dMmaco, ""ho H$m` !'' lr_hmamO
hgyZ hUmco, ""Aao hoM AmfY ! Xo `mcm, ~ao dmQ>oc ~K !'' Am{U IamoIaM `m AmfYmZo
BgmH$Mm _wcJm ~am Pmcm. ~mV_r H$Um}nH$Uu Pmcr. hiyhiy lr_hmamOmH$S>o AmfY _mJm`cm
òUm`m cmoH$mMr JXu dmT>y cmJcr. `m ~m_UmZo {Xco`m VrWm_wio JwU òVmo Aer nMH$moerV `mVr
Pmcr.
JmdmVrc {d{dY gmdO{ZH$ CnH$_mV lr_hmamO {h[aarZo ^mJ KoV hmoVo. XodimV dm{fH$ Cgd
gmOao hm`Mo. Aem doir Wm{ZH$ hmer _S>ir ZmQ>Ho$ ~gdm`Mr. lr_hmamO `mV _wI Agm`Mo.
lr_hmamO A{^Z`H$coV A{Ve` {ZnwU hmoVo. _hdmMr ^y{_H$m Va H$am`MoM, naVw ZmQ>H$mMo ZoQ>Ho$
{XXeZhr H$am`Mo. hr ZmQ>H$mMr AmdS> `mZr nwT>o _w~B`m dmV`mVhr Oncr hmoVr. lr_hmamOm`m
^y{_H$m nm{hcocr _mUgo AmO Oar {d_mZ Zgcr Var `m doi`m Am`m{`H$m AOyZhr nmo_|S>r`m
Ow`m {nT>rH$Sy>Z EoH$m`cm {_iVmV.
Vo {Xdg dmV` MidirMo hmoVo. dmV`dra {dZm`H$ Xm_moXa gmdaH$a `m doir aZm{Jar òWo
WmZ~ hmoVo. amOH$s` MidirV ^mJ Z Ko`m`m AQ>rda `mZm H$m`m nm`m`m {ejoV gyQ>
XoD$Z {~{Q>e gaH$maZo aZm{Jar òWo AmUyZ R>odco hmoVo. dmV`dra gmdaH$a Am{U cmoH$_m`
{Q>iH$ hr lr_hmamOmMr XdVo hmoVr. lr_hmamOgwm dmV` MidirV g{H$` hmoVo. ImXrMm nyU
AJrH$ma `mZr Ho$cocm hmoVm. dmadma Vo aZm{Jarcm gmdaH$am`m ôQ>rcm Om`Mo. gmdaH$amgmaIm
Ohmc H$m{VH$maH$ Ho$di gh^moOZmgma`m H$m`H$_mda g_mYmZ _mZyZ aZm{JarV gwIoZd H$mcH$_U
H$arc ho e`M ZhVo. `m_wio JwnUo AZoH$ H$m{VH$maH$ MiditZm mogmhZ Xo`mMo `mMo H$m_
MmcyM hmoVo. lr_hmamOhr Aem H$mhr Jw _gcVt_ò JwVcoco hmoVo. gmh{OH$M nmo{cgmMm ggo{_amhr
20 && MV`gy` &&
lr_hmamOm`m nmR>r cmJcm. `m doir lr_hmamOmZr Iyn nm`nrQ> H$$Z nmo{cgmZm JwJmam {Xcm.
AemM EH$m ^Q>H$Vr_ò MmcVMmcV lr_hmamO JJZJS>mda Aml`mcm Amco hmoVo. gmr`m
amJm_ò H$mohmnya {OmV hm S>m|Jar {H$m Amho. lr{edmOr _hmamOmMr Q>mH$gmi `m {H$`mda
hmoVr. XS>H$ma`mVrc `m WmZmda _pN>ZmW, JmoajZmW, J{hZrZmW `mMm ZmW Xa~ma âV Ago.
lrgV JJZ{Jar _hmamOmMo WmZ `mM JS>mda Amho. lr_hmamOmMr lr JJZ{Jar _hmamOmer òWoM
`m ^Q>H$Vr`m doir W_ ôQ> Pmcr. nwT>o hm Zoh~Y dqJV Pmcm.
1935-36 gmc`m AmJo_mJo H$YrVar KamV Vrd _VôX Pm`m_wio lr_hmamO Amn`m AmOmoir
gmo_oacm amhm`cm Joco. VoWo `mMo _m_m lr.Zahar ZmamÙ gmodZr `m`m Kar Vo amh cmJco.
Amn`m `m _Zdr ^m`mcm _m_mZr AmZXmZo R>odyZ KoVco.
`m JmdmV "gmo_oam'Mo mMrZ _{Xa Amho. _{Xa ^` Amho. cmH$S>mda CH$> ZjrH$m_ H$$Z
_{XamMr emo^m dmT>{dcocr Amho. `m gmo_oamda lr_hmamOmMr {ZVmV lm hmoVr. ^mdr H$mcm{df`r
gHo$V XoVmZm lr_hmamO gmJV AgV H$s, nwT>o ^{d`H$mimV g_w Amncr _`mXm gmoS>oc Am{U
g_w {H$Zm`mdarc Jmdo {JiH$ V H$aoc. _m gmo_o a nm`mImcr OmUma Zmhr, H$maU _rM gmo_o a
Amho !
AmOH$mc ndrMo dmT>Umao Vmn_mZ, `m_wio {dViUmao Xmohr Ywdmdarc {h_gmR>o, `mMm n[aUm_
hUyZ dmT>Umar g_wmMr nmVir, `mda emk Am{U n`mdaUVk `m`mV J^ra {dMma _WZ
Mmcy Amho. naVw lr_hmamOmZr hm Bemam nmg-gmR> df} AmYrM {Xcm Amho.
lr_hmamO gmo_oacm amhmV AgVmZmM VoWo `m`m _mderMo Ò_mZ lr._hmXod dm_Z OmoJ ho
(Amn`m gmgwadmS>rcm) Amcoco hmoVo. lr.OmoJmMo _yi Jmd Zm{XdS>o. Vo ZmoH$ar{Z{_m H$`mUcm
amhmV AgV. Amn`m nZrMm hm VU, hahar ^mMm g`m AmOmoir [aH$m_mM Amho, `mcm
H$mhrVar H$m_ YXm {_idyZ mdm hUyZ lr.OmoJ lr_hmamOmZm H$`mUcm Amn`m Kar KoD$Z Amco
Am{U ^mD$^Q> gmo_UmMm dmS>m, H$`mU òWo lr_hmamOm`m OrdZmMm Zdm A`m` gw$ Pmcm.
lr_hmamOmZr H$`mUcm Am`mda lr.Kmao `m gXJhWmOdi Ho${_Q>Mm `dgm` {eHy$Z
KoVcm. {R>H${R>H$mUmhZ [aH$m`m ~mQ>`m IaoXr H$am``m, `m dN> H$$Z `mV "{\$Zoc' ^$Z
`mMr KamoKar {dH$s H$am`Mr Agm H$_ `mZr gw$ Ho$cm. `m doir lr_hmamO gd gm`H$cd$Z
{\$am`Mo. hm\$ nQ>, eQ>, Q>monr Am{U nm`mV ~yQ> Agm gwQ>gwQ>rV nmofmI Vo dmnarV. hiyhiy `mn
dmTy> cmJcm Am{U lr_hmamO AZoH$ H$maMr AmfYo KmD$H$ _mUmV KoD$Z {H$aH$moi {dHo$`mZm
nwady cmJco. EH$Xm `mZr H$mo`Zoc (pdZmBZ)`m Jmo`m gw_mao nmM Q>Z EdT>m _moR>m _mUmV
IaoXr Ho$`m hmo`m. `mM doir _co[a`mMr gmW _moR>m _mUmda Amcr Am{U `m Jmo`mMr _mJUr
AMmZH$ dmT>cr Am{U {H$_Vrhr â_gmR> dmT>`m; naVw lr_hmamOmZr Amn`m Odirc Jmo`mMm
CnmgZobm.. / 21
gmR>m Ow`m qH$_VrcmM {dHy$Z JmoaJar~mZm dV AmfYmonMma {_ioc Ago nm{hco. ""gV _m`~mn
H$nmiy Vo Wmoa & Ordmgr AmYma XoVr {Z` &'' ho dMZ hr Amncr OrdZ{Z>mM Amho ho lr_hmamOmZr
Z ~mocVm XmIdyZ {Xco.
cdH$aM `mZm S>m.~mog `m ~Jmcr JhWm`m "B{S>`Z S>O AS> \$m_m`w{Q>H$g' `m H$nZrV
"_o{S>H$c [aoP|Q>oQ>rh' hUyZ ZmoH$ar {_imcr. H$moUVohr H$m_ AJrH$maco H$s `mMo _wimnmgyZ kmZ
m H$$Z `m`Mo, `mda dVnUo gImoc {dMma H$am`Mm, `mMm nyU A`mg H$am`Mm Am{U Vo
A{YH$ MmJ`m VhoZo Am{U ZrQ>ZoQ>Ho$nUmZo H$am`Mo hm lr_hmamOmMm O_OmV d^md{deof hmoVm.
H$moR>ohr nmQ>m Q>mH$`mMr dmr ZhVr. Aem dmrMm {VQ>H$mam hmoVm. `m_wio `m ZmoH$ar`m OmJrhr
AnmdYrVM lr_hmamOmZr Amncm R>gm C_Q>dcm. H$nZr`m Cnm{XV AmfYmMr, `mV dmnaco`m
KQ>H$mMr, `m`m JwUY_mMr lr_hmamOmZr MmJcr _m{hVr H$$Z KoVcr; naVw hm A`mg Ho$di
H$nZr`m CnmXZmnwaVm _`m{XV ZhVm. A` H$n`m`m AmfYmMmhr Vmc{ZH$ A`mg `mZr
Ho$cm hmoVm. _hmamOmMr hemar, `mMm A`mg, {MH$mQ>r, d$eranUm, n>do$nUm `m_wio S>m.~mog
`mMohr `m`mH$S>o cj doYco. XmoZ doim `mZr lr_hmamOmMr ôQ> KoVcr hmoVr. `m ôQ>rV MM}`m
AmoKmV nma_m{WH$ {df`mdahr ~mocUr Pmcr Am{U lr_hmamOmMm Am`mp_H$ jomVrc A{YH$ma
`m`m cjmV Amcm.
lr_hmamOmZm `mZr H$mocH$m`mcm amhm`mg ~mocmdco; naVw lr_hmamO H$mhr _w~B gmoSy>Z
H$mocH$m`mcm Om`cm amOr Pmco ZmhrV. nwT>o H$`mUnojm XmXacm amhmUo gmoBH$a nS>oc hUyZ Vo
XmXacm Amnco _m_m lr.Zahar ZmamÙ gmodZr `m`mH$S>o amhm`mg Amco.
_m_m`m KaMm `mMm {XZH$_ _moR>m nmhm`mgmaIm hmoVm. nhmQ>o Mma-gmS>oMma dmOVm CRy>Z Vo
ZmZ-g`m H$$Z Zm__aUmcm ~gV. On-Om`, `mZYmaUm, gX>JW dmMZ `mV VrZ-Mma Vmg
ghO OmV. ZVa H$m_mda OmV. gm`H$mir 7-7.30 dmOVm Kar Amco H$s, KamVrc _wcmMm A`mg
KoV. Xmm gmodZr, ^mD$ {~dcH$a, JJmYa ^mdo Aer Zm`mVrc _wco `m doir VoWo amhm`cm hmoVr.
`mMm A`mg KoD$Z Pmcm H$s, _J gm`-g`m Am{U `mZ, dmMZ Mmco. amm Pmon`mnyduhr
AWUmda ~gyZ `mZ H$arV. lr_hmamOmMr hr `mZYmaUm `m`m ZmVodmBH$mZm \$maer $MV
ZhVr. `mMm Vmo qQ>Jc Q>dmirMm {df` hmoVm. hm VU _wcJm Vm` gwc^ _mO-_Om H$am`Mo
gmoSy>Z gVV S>moio {_Qy>Z `mZ H$arV ~gVmo `mVco B{JV `mZm H$ico Zgmdo. H$Xm{MV Vo T>m|J Agmdo
Agohr `mZm dmQ>V Agmdo. H$maU lr_hmamOmMo EH$ g_d`H$ ZmVodmBH$ `mZW lr_hmamOmMo
~X S>moio Amn`m hmVmZr ~ioM CKSy> nmhm`Mo. EoZ VU d`mVhr lr_hmamOmZm A`V H$_r Pmon
nwaV Ago. amm Ceramn`V `mZ H$arV ~gUmao lr_hmamO nwhm gH$mir gdmAmYr CR>coco AgV.
`m_wio ho amr PmonVmV H$s Zmhr Aer eH$m Ka`m _mUgmZm `m`Mr. A`V H$_r Pmon KoD$Z {Xdg
22 && MV`gy` &&
am A{dlmV l_ H$a`m`m `m`m `m {dcjU j_Vo_wio `mZr nwT>rc Am`w`mV H$m`mMo EdT>o
S>m|Ja Cô Ho$co AmhoV H$s, ho gmao H$m_ `mZr EH$mM Am`w`mV Ho$co Amho qH$dm H$go Agm g^_
dmQ>mdm !
lr_hmamOmMo _m_o^mD$ lr.Xmm gmodZr lr_hmamOm`m `m XmXa_Yrb "_wHw$X _eZ'_Yrb
dmV`m`m doi`m AZoH$ AmR>dUr gmJVmV. 1940 Vo 45 `m H$mbmdYrV VoWo lr_hmamOmMo
dmV` hmoVo. gmo~V hr emiH$ar _wbo Ag`m_wio gmh{OH$M `mMm A`mg Ko`mMo H$m_
lr_hmamOmH$S>o gmon{dbobo hmoVo. lr_hmamO d^mdmZo erKH$monr. Oam H$mhr _Zm{d Pmbo H$s
A~mobm Yam`Mo ! AJXr _m_tda gwm amJdm`Mo, A~mobm Yam`Mo ! EH$Xm _m_rZo OodVmZm XmoZ bmSy>
OmV dmT>bo hUyZ {V`mda amJmdbo hmoVo. naVw lr_hmamOmMm amJ gdmgwm `m`m A{Ve`
o_i d^mdmMmM ^mJ hmoVm. amJmMm nmam OodT>m JVrZo da MT>m`Mm VodT>mM JVrZo Imbrhr
`m`Mm. Amn`m _m_rbm KaH$m_mV _XV H$am`bmhr lr_hmamO VodT>oM Vna AgV. Amnbo gd
`mn, ZmoH$ar gm^miyZ KamV O_ob Vgm H$m_mbm hmV^ma bmdm`Mo.
H$moUVohr H$m_ H$am`Mo Vo {dbjU nVeranUo. `m_wio _wbmZm ^y{_Vr {eH$dm`bm KoVbr Vohm
"`wpbS>' H$moU hmoVm ? òWnmgyZ {eH$dm`bm gwdmV Ho$br. A`mg hUOo narjoMr V`mar Zho Va
kmZJhU H$aUo Agm R>m_ {dmg hmoVm. `m_wio H$moUVmhr {df` A`mgVmZm Ago _wimnmgyZ
gwdmV H$am`Mo. lr.Xmm gmodZr gmJVmV, ""narjm nYam {Xdgmda Ambobr Am{U "`wpcS> H$moU
hmoVm ?' òWnmgyZ ma^ Pm`mda Amhr _wb hmX$ZM Jobmo; naVw H$moU`mhr WmVwa_mVwa H$m_mda
`mMm {dmgM ZhVm, `m_wio Amhmbm `m`m _mJmZoM A`mg nwam H$amdm bmJo.''
H$moUVmhr {df` Agm ZhVm H$s lr_hmamOmZm `mV JVr ZhVr. {MH$bm EdT>r gwXa hmoVr H$s
amJmoir dJao H$mT>br H$s gmaoOU A{Ve` H$mVwH$mZo `mMr H$bm `mhmirV amhmV. _m H$mVwH$m`m
~m~VrV {dbjU A{b dmr hmoVr. EH$Xm _m_tZr hiXrHw$Hy$ Ho$bo hmoVo. `m {Xder lr_hmamOmZr
EH$ gwXa amJmoir KmVbr. EH$m _{Xam`m Xmamer EH$ {^H$mar {^joMr `mMZm H$arV C^m Amho Ago
Vo A{Ve` gwXa {M hmoVo. lr.Xmm gmodZr AmXr _wbmZr H$mVwH$mZo `m {MmImbr {MH$ma hUyZ
"Am~m' Ago Zmd {b{hbo. lr_hmamOmMo {ZH$Q>dVu ZmVodmBH$ `mZm "Am~m'M hUV AgV, nU
Ago Zmd {bhZ Amnbr Om{hamV H$aUo `mZm A{O~mV AmdS>bo Zmhr Am{U `mZr dhVo Vr
amJmoir nwgyZ Q>mH$br.
H$m` {V^m Va A{Ve` CM XOmMr hmoVr. 1936 gmbr Xmm gmodZt`m _wOrV lr_hmamOmZr
A{Ve` gwXa Agm Ahoa Ho$bm. EH$ CH$> _Jbm>H$ aMyZ Vo `mZr EH$m H$mJXmda gwXa AjamV
ZrQ>ZoQ>Ho$nUmZo {bhZ H$mT>bo. g^modVr gwXa dob~w>rMr MmH$Q> H$mT>br Am{U hr AZmoIr ôQ>
Amn`m _m_o^mdmbm {Xbr. ho _Jbm>H gnyUnUo n[a{e> H$.2 _ò {Xbobo Amho.
CnmgZobm.. / 23
gnyU _Jbm>H$ H$m` aMZm, Ame` `mMm {dMma H$aVm A`V lo> XOmMo Pmbo AgyZ, d`m`m
Mmo{dgm`m dfu lr_hmamOmZr ho H$m` a{Mbo Amho, ho bjmV KoVm lr_hmamOmMr dMm[aH$ ~R>H$,
W_nmgyZM gy`H$memEdTr n> Am{U Ia Amho ho bjmV òVo. `m _Jbm>H$mV, ~Qy>bm Bar
{d^yVr~amo~aM {d{dY am>^$mMo AmerdmX {_imdoV hUyZ gwdmVrbm mWZm Amho. m_ò lrhZw_mZ,
^y am_M, N>nVr {edmOr _hmamO, lr am_Xmg dm_r, lrdm_r g_W, lr kmZoa,
lr Zm_Xod, lr VwH$mam_ AmXr Bar {d^yVr Am{U gVmMo AmerdmX Ogo _m{JVbo AmhoV, VgoM
"bmb-~mb-nmb,' _.JmYr, n.Zoh$, Z.qM.Ho$iH$a, n._mbdr` `m dmV`bT>mVrb goZmZt~amo~a
`moJr AaqdX~m~yMmhr AmerdmX _m{JVbm Amho. dmV`mgmR>r mUmnU H$aUm`m H$m{VH$maH$mMohr
òWo _aU Ho$bobo Amho.
~M`ml_mV ~Qy>Zo Y_ajU, JmonyOZ, Jwgodm, `k`mJ, ~M`dVmMo nmbZ AmXr Jmo>tMm
{Z>mnydH$ AJrH$ma H$$Z Hw$imbm ^yfU R>amdo Agm CnXoe Ho$bm Amho. `mhZhr _hdmMr Anojm
`$ Ho$br Amho, Vr "nmaV`m`m nH$mV' Vbo`m _mV^y_rMm Cma H$a`mgmR>r `mZo gm
hmo`mMr ! Amnbr hr Anojm bmb emBZo AYmoao{IV H$$Z lr_hmamOmZr Amnbm AJH$_M n>
Ho$bm Amho. `mgmR>r ~bmonmgZm H$a`mMr Amd`H$Vmhr gm{JVbr Amho. e{$gn _mUgmbmM
bmoH$mMm AmXa m hmoVmo. `m AmXamMm Cn`moJ H$$Z bmoH$mZm gwnWmbm bmd, `m`m_ò am>^$sMo
\w$tJ MoVd Ago lr_hmamOmZr ~Qy>bm CnXo{ebo Amho.
ho _Jbm>H$ lr_hmamOmZr Oohm _wOr`m doir Jm{`bo Agob Vohm `mVrb AmoOdr {dMmamZr
CnpWV _S>it`m AJmda amo_mM Cô am{hbo AgVrb.
lr_hmamOm`m d^mdmMo "H$mQ>oH$moanUm' ho EH$ _moR>o d{eQ> hmoVo. nmM`m H$S>`mV "VwH$mam_'
hm eX "VyH$mam_' Agm {b{hbm AgyZ VoWo IyU H$$Z `mMo n>rH$aU Imbr {Xbo Amho, ""òWo
VwH$mam_ Ago Amho. naVw mgmH$arVm XrKd Amho.'' Aem òH$ ~marH$gmarH$ Vn{ebm`m ~m~VrV
lr_hmamO {H$Vr Xj AgV `mMo ho EH$ MmJbo CXmhaU Amho. nwT>rb Am`w`mV lr_hmamOmZr {dnwb
H$m`gnXm {Z_mU Ho$br. H$mhr doim nmVyZ CnoXena A^JaMZm, H$Yr Amo`m, H$Yr H$sVZmVrb
nXo, gm`m, qXS>m, Ama`m, Vmoo, A>Ho$, Ymdo Aem AZoH$ H$m`H$mamV `mZr brb`m gMma
Ho$bm. XwXdmZo `mVrb ~amMgm ^mJ AmO CnbY Zmhr. naVw AmO CnbY Agbobo H$m` nmhmVm,
`mVhr {deof CoIZr` Aem "g{j gXJw-M[a, am_X`mMm _amR>r ^mdmW, lrXmO_m`m`'
AmXr aMZm nmhmVm, lr_hmamOm`m H$m`{VôZo _Z pV{_V hmoVo. ho _Jbm>H$ hUOo lr_hmamOm`m
H$m`gnXoVrb CnbY Agbobo ~hYm n{hbo H$m`nwn Agmdo.
Xmm gmodZr gmJVmV H$s amr AW$U KmbVmZm AmYr H$moUr ImobrVrb H$Mam H$mT>bm Agbm
Varhr lr_hmamO Amn`m AWUm`m OmJr nwhm EH$Xm Ho$agwUr {\$adyZ _JM AW$U Kmbm`Mo.
24 && MV`gy` &&
""_m`m gmS>oVrZ hmV Xohmbm nga`mgmR>r bmJUmar OmJm _mPr _bm dN> Ho$br nm{hOo,'' Ago
`m doir Vo hUV AgV.
XmXa`m ~mU godm-_S>imMo Vo g{H$` H$m`H$V}hr hmoVo. 1942-43 _ò _S>imZo `m`mZ_mcm
Am`mo{OV Ho$cr hmoVr. gdlr {e.c.H$aXrH$a, ^mcmH$ma ^monQ>H$a, O_ZmXmg _ohVm Aem Zm_dV
d`mMr gmV {Xdg ^mfUo Pmcr. eodQ>`m {Xder `m ^mfUmMm AmT>mdm KoD$Z g_mamon H$a`mMr
{dZVr H$m`H$mar _S>imZo AJXr Am``m doir lr_hmamOmZm Ho$cr. lr_hmamOmZr `m gmVhr ^mfUmMo
gma 15 Vo 20 {_{ZQ>mV gmJyZ g_mamonmMo ^mfU AJXr CH$>nUo Ho$co. H$moU`mhr H$maMr {Q>nUo
H$mT>cocr ZgVmZm, \$ma H$m`, _Zmo_Z COiUr H$am`cmhr doi {_imcocm ZgVmZm EdT>o gwXa,
_wogyX ^mfU H$$Z `mZr MmoIXi {dmZ lmo`mZm __wY Ho$co Vo Amn`m J^ ~w{_moZo,
CH$> _aUe$sZo Am{U Xdr d$d JwUmZo. `mM H$mimV lr_hmamOmZr kmZoar AmXr JWmda
dMZo Ho$cr. A_moK AmoKdVo d$d, {df`mMm gImoc A`mg Am{U dV:Mm Agm {df`mH$S>o
nmhm`mMm Img {>H$moZ `m_wio `m`m dMZmZm JXu cmoQy> cmJcr hmoVr.
AJXr VU d`mV cm^cocm ZmQ>H$mMm N>X lr_hmamOmZr MmJcmM Omonmgcm hmoVm. lr.{dUy
gImam_ Omoer `m _yi nmo_|S>r`mM JhWmZr `m gX^mV AZoH$ AmR>dUr gm{JV`m AmhoV.
~mU godm_S>imVrc hmer ZmQ>o_r _S>itMo "dY_' godm ZmQ>_S>i hmoVo. 1946-47 gmcr
`m _S>imZo Ho$co`m "H$arZ Vr nyd' `m ZmQ>H$mV lr_hmamOmZr "JOam' hr r ^y{_H$m Ho$cr hmoVr
Am{U OmUH$ma ZmQ>o_tMr XmX {_idcr hmoVr. 1945 gmcr nmo_|S>r òWo "ehm{edmOr' ZmQ>H$mV
`mZr ^y{_H$m Ho$cr hmoVr. 1947 gmcr nmo_|S>rcm "{edg^d' ZmQ>H$ H$a`mV Amco hmoVo. `mV
lr_hmamOmZr "{OOmD$'Mr _wI ^y{_H$m Ho$cr hmoVr. ho ZmQ>H$ EdT>o gwXa ~gco hmoVo H$s, nmo_|S>r`m
mW{_H$ emio`m _XVrgmR>r `m ZmQ>H$mMm aZm{Jarcm cVm Q>mH$sO_ò 12 _o 1948 amoOr {VH$sQ>
cmdyZ `moJ H$a`mV Amcm. IM dOm OmVm emiocm 800 n`mMm {ZYr Xo`mV Amcm. ZmQ>H$mMm
`moJ CH$> hmo`mgmR>r lr_hmamO A{dlmV n[al_ H$am`Mo. {XXeZ, gJrV {XXeZ `m gm`mMr
O~m~Xmar lr_hmamOM CMcm`Mo. ZmQ>H$ Am{U `mMm òH$ AH$ doiodaM gw$ Pmcm nm{hOo
`m{df`r Vo AmJhr AgV.
"{edg^d'`m `m _hdm`m `moJmgmR>r _{hZmâ AmYrnmgyZ lr_hmamO nmo_|S>rcm _w$m_
R>moHy$Z hmoVo. _m nmm`m H$m_m`m dmQ>Urd$Z H$mhr _VôX Pmco. lr.{dZm`H$amd Omoer `m doir
{dmWu XeoV hmoVo. {dm`mZr {dm`mgmV cj H|${V H$amdo. ZmQ>H$mV H$m_o H$$ ZòV Ago `mMo
_V hmoVo; naVw Varhr {dZm`H$amdmZm H$m_ {Xco Joco, `m_wio VmpdH$ ^y{_Ho$VyZ lr_hmamOmZr `m
ZmQ>H$mV ^y{_H$m H$aUo ZmH$maco. _m ZmQ>H$ èdr hmdo hUyZ H$a`m`m `ZmV H$moUVr H$gya
R>odcr Zmhr. nmo_|S>rMo Jm_W lr.gXm{ed AZV Omoer Am{U lr.c_U lrH$U Omoer `m`m
CnmgZobm.. / 25
_m{hVrZwgma `m `moJmZVa lr_hmamO 1982-83 gmcmn`V nwhm nmo_|S>rcm H$Yrhr Joco ZhVo.
1946-47 gmcr lr_hmamO ZmoH$ar gmoSy>Z aZm{Jarcm òD$Z am{hco. `m {ZU`mMr H$maU_r_mgm
H$moU H$aUma ? naVw ZmoH$ar`m MmH$Q>rV ~gUmao Vo `{$_d ZhVo; H$moU`mhr ~YZmV qH$dm
MmH$moarV a_`mMm d^md ZhVm. òWyZ nwT>o 1956 `m gw_mamg nw`mcm gX>Jw$ lr~m~m _hmamOm`m
_{XamMr Ywam CMcon`V lr_hmamO aZm{JarcmM am{hco.
_w~BhZ aZm{Jarcm Am`mda lr_hmamO _w`V: aZm{Jar JmdmVM amhmV. nmo_|S>r`m _yi
Karhr am{hco ZhVo; AJa nm`m AmirVrc Omoer Hw$Q>w~r`m`m Karhr am{hco ZhVo. nm`m
AmirVrc `m KamV `m`m dmQ>mcm EH$ Imocr Amcocr hmoVr; naVw lr_hmamOmMm _w$m_ aZm{JarVrc
2-3 doJdoJ`m cmqOJ ~moS>vJ_ò doJdoJ`m H$mcIS>mV hmoVm. H$mhr {Xdg lr.h[a^mD$
Hw$cH$`m`m "H$Uml_' cmqOJ ~moS>vJ_ò hmoVo. H$mhr {Xdg _moaoa _w`m`m "OZVml_mV' Va
H$mhr {Xdg "lrg_W ^moOZJh' `m ~g WmZH$mOdirc dgVrJhmV Vo amhmV.
`m dgVrJhmVyZ amhm`mMo H$maU ~hYm `mZYmaUogmR>r nwaogm EH$mV Am{U doi {_imdm Ago
Agmdo. lr.eaXamd Jmo. H$moH$Oo ho lr_hmamOmMo {Zgr_ ^$ `m doir hUOo 1949-50 gmcr
"OZVml_' _ò H$m_mcm hmoVo. OZVml_mV nS>oc Vo H$m_ H$$Z, `mM doir Vo emioVhr OmV hmoVo.
lr_hmamOmMr godm H$a`mMr gYr `m doir `mZm {_imcr. `m doir _hmamOmMr {XZM`m H$er
hmoVr `mMo Vn{ecdma dUZ Vo gmJVmV.
lr_hmamO ^`m nhmQ>o CRy>Z ZmZ-g`m AmQ>monyZ Amn`m Imocrcm AmVyZ H$S>r cmdyZ `mZmcm
~gV. `m gH$mi`m doir `mZm H$moUr ôQ>m`cm òV Zgo. gmYmaUnUo 10 dmOon`V `mZ-YmaUm
H$$Z 10.30`m gw_mamg H$nS>o H$$Z _hmamO ~mhoa Om`mg {ZKV. YmoVa, J`mn`V ~Q>Uo
cmdcocm nmT>am gXam, `mda amImS>r aJmMm H$moQ>, H$mir Q>monr, nm`mV H$aH$a dmOUm`m Ow`m
nVr`m Mncm Am{U e|S>r R>odcocr. Ho$g H$Yr AJXr ~marH$ H$mncoco Va H$Yr gnyU H$mT>coco
Am{U e|S>r R>odcocr Ago. hmVmV AJR>r Ago. nmoemI A{Ve` dN>, ZrQ>ZoQ>H$m Ago.
Xwnmar 1 dmO`m`m Xa`mZ naV òV. H$YrH$Yr Cerahr hmoB. Am`mda `mZm OodU dmT>m`Mo
H$m_ lr.H$moH$Oo H$arV. H$maU p`mZr OodU dmT>coco `mZm MmcV Zgo. `mMm nm`mMm Vm`m^mS>o, VmQ>-dmQ>r hr dV AgV. Vr \$$ `m`mnwaVrM dmnacr OmV. `mMo XodnyOoMo nmUr,
{n`mMo nmUr hogwm H$moH$OoM `m`m ImocrV ZoD Z R>odV. `m`m ImocrV `m`m`{V[a$ A`
H$moUr OmV Zgo. gm`H$mir ghm`m Xa`mZ Vo ~mhoa Joco H$s AmR>-gmS>oAmR> dmOon`V naV òV.
`mZVa gm`g`m, `mZYmaUm H$aVmZm `mMr Imocr ~X Ago. amrMo OodU C{eam hUOo Xhm`m
Xa`mZ hmoB. OodU Pmco H$s AmoQ>rda ~mH$mda ~gV. gdmer _Z_moH$`m Jnm hmoV. gdmMr
{dMmanyg H$aV Am{U amm AH$am`m gw_mamg ImocrV OmV.
26 && MV`gy` &&
`m OZVml_mV lr_hmamO gmYmaU XmoZ df} hmoVo. nwT>o Vo g_W ^moOZmc`mV amhm`cm Joco. Vo
H$moR>ohr am{hco Var gdgmYmaU {XZH _ `mM_mUo Agmdm.
gm`H$mi`m doir lr_hmamO ~mOmanoR>oVrc _`dVu Aem JmoIco Zm`mdarc lr.{dZm`H$
Ho$ed VWm XmmonV Omoer `m`m Q>oc[aJ`m XwH$mZmV OmV AgV. lr.XmmonV `mMo dS>rc H$.Ho$ed
_hmXod Omoer `mMm g{j CoI `mnydu Xwg`m H$aUmV Amcm Amho.
lr.Ho$ed _hmXod Omoer `mMo _yi Jmd "ImZy' ho aZm{Jar nmgyZ 25 {H$._r. AVamda Agcoco
IoS>oJmd. Ho$edamd ~mcd`mV AgVmZmM `m`m d{S>cmMo {ZYZ Pmco. Ho$edamdm`m _mVmolr
`m`m {ejUmgmR>r _moR>m YmS>gmZo KaMo nmR>~i ZgVmZm aZm{Jarcm òD$Z am{h`m. `m doir
lr_hmamOmMo MwcV AmOmo~m har gImam_ `mZr `mZm Aml` {Xcm. `m_wio Ho$edamdmMo Am{U
`m`m _mVmoltMo `m Kamer Zm`mnojmhr T> Ago g~Y {Z_mU Pmco. dV:`m hemarZo, H$>mZo
Am{U har gImam_ `m`m nmR>~im_wio Ho$edamd {ejU nyU H$$Z gaH$mar ZmoH$arV _m_coXma
nXmda MT>co. nwT>o 1930 gmcr {MaZoa òWo Pmco`m OJc g`mJhmV nmo{cgr Jmoir~mamVyZ
g`mJhtZm dmMdVmZm Vo dV:M nmo{bgmMr Jmoir cmJyZ hVm_m Pmco. `mMo gd Hw$Qw>~ r` aZm{JarcmM
Wm{`H$ Pmco hmoVo. `mZm gmV _wcJo Am{U nmM _wcr hmo`m. `mVrc gdmV _moR>o lr.{dZm`H$ Ho$ed
Omoer ho aZm{Jarcm Imc`m AmirV amhmV AgV Am{U Q>oc[aJ `dgm` H$arV. `mMo YmH$Q>o ~Yy
lr.aKwZmW Ho$ed Omoer ho Amn`m d{S>cm_mUoM _hgyc Im`mV ZmoH$arg cmJyZ _m_coXma Pmco.
1951-52 gmcr {S>pQ>Q> cmoH$c ~moS>mMo goHo$Q>ar hUyZ Vo aZm{Jar òWo H$m_ nmhmV hmoVo. `m
doir ho Xmohr ~Yy EH$M amhmV hmoVo.
lr_hmamO 1946-47 gmcmnmgyZ aZm{Jarcm amh cmJ`mda, H$YrH$Yr gm`H$mir `m
lr.XmmonVm`m XwH$mZmV {daJwim hUyZ Jnm _ma`mgmR>r OmV AgV. `m XwH$mZmV aZm{JarVrc
{V{>V dJmVrc ~`mM OUmMr gm`H$mi`m doir Jnm Jmo>tgmR>r hOoar cmJm`Mr. `m doir lr_hmamO
Yy_n mZ H$arV AgV. XwH$mZmV Mhm, {dS>r, {gJaoQ>g `mMr XodmU KodmU H$arV AZoH$ {df`mda JnmMo
\$S> aJm`Mo. Odi am_AmirV Xm_`mMo hmQ>c
o hmoV.o VoWo H$mOy Am{U Q>m_o Q >mM
o r Cgi \$ma MmJcr
{_im`Mr. _moR>m AmH$mam`m nw`m Am{U H$mOyMr Cgi VgoM WmcrnrR> Ago Img _hmamOm`m
AmdS>rMo nXmW lr_hmamO _mJdyZ gdmZm ImD$ Kmcm`Mo.
AWmVM XwH$mZmV O_Umao ~aoMgo {V{>V aZm{JarH$a A`m_m~c {Okmgm ~miJUmao hmoVo
Am{U `m ~R>H$sVrc _S>itZm EH$ AmUUmam Vmo g_mZ YmJm hmoVm. `mM doir aZm{JarOdi`m
nmdg Jmdr dm_r d$nmZX `mMo Zmdhr Am`mp_H$ dVwimV nwT>o òV hmoVo.
1951-52 gmcr lr.XmmonVmMo H${Z> ~Yy lr.aKwZmWamd aZm{Jarcm ~XcyZ Am`mda gmh{OH$M
Vohr `m dVwimV AcJX gm_mdco Joco. lr.aKwZmWamd hohr Am`mp_H$ gmYZoMr AmdS> Agcoco
CnmgZobm.. / 27
naVw dV:Mr ZmoH$ar m_m{UH$nUo gm^miyZ gmYZm H$aUmao hmoVo. `m dVwimV `mM Xa`mZ lr.XmmonVmMo
K{Z> {_, `m`m _yi JmdMo, ImZyMo `mMo eoOmar, lr.am_M JmoqdX VWm ~mnwamd ImS>oH$a hohr
g_m{d> Pmco. n[aUm_d$n lr_hmamO, lr.XmmonV Am{U lr.aKwZmWamd ho ~Yw` Am{U lr.~mnwamd
ImS>oH$a `m`mV EH$ A{Ve` K{Z>> Am{U cmo^g Ago ZmVo {Z_mU Pmco. `m Zm`mcm Am`mp_H$
{Okmgm, AmXa, ^$s, _r Ago AZoH$ nXa hmoVo. aZm{Jar`m dmV`mV H$mhr doim lr_hmamO
lr.XmmonVm`m ImcMr Amir òWrc Kar _w$m_mcmgwm am{hco hmoVo.
gdmnmgyZ A{c Aem amhm`mZo `mZm gmYZogmR>r ânya doi {_iV hmoVm. `m_wio `m H$mimV
_Z:nyV gmYZm Pmcr. ImocrMo Xma ~X H$$Z `mKM_mda ~gyZ VmgZVmg H$R>moa gmYZm Mmcm`Mr.
gVV`m `mZm`mgm_wio, CnmgZo_wio earamV ânya CUVm {Z_mU hmoV Ago. AJmMm Xmh hmoB.
_J {d{harda OmD$Z WS>Jma nm`m`m H$iem YS>mYS> AJmda AmoVyZ KoV. _J nwhm `mZmcm
~gV. H$Yr H$Yr {XdgmVyZ gVam-AR>am doim AmKmoi hmoV Ago. ~m CnmYtnmgyZ `mZr dV:cm
OmUrdnydH$ A{c R>odco. H$moR>o \$mago OmUo òUo ZhVo. ZmVodmBH$mMrhr CnmYr ZhVr. ZohrOZ
hmoVo Vo gd CnmgZo`m nWmVcoM hmoVo. gnH$ hmoVm Vmo Aem {ZdS>H$ cmoH$merM.
nw`mcm lrgX>Jw$ ~m~m _hmamOmH$S>o XeZmcm OmUo, `m`mer AYyZ_YyZ n`dhma H$aUo
Am{U `mMo _mJXeZ {_idUo ho dmadma MmcyM hmoVo. lrgXJw$ {XJ~a~m~m dhmiH$amMr W_>ôQ>
1942`m gw_mamg Pmcr hmoVr. `m`m gmdS>m`m lrXod Xm XodWmZmV OmD$Z lr dhmiH$a~wdmer
H$Yr_Yr gwIgdmX H$$Z `m`Mo.
aZm{JarVhr `mZm A{Ve` _mZUmam, `m`m A{YH$mamMr OmUrd AgUmam Am{U CnmgZm
_mJm_ò Mr AgUmam Agm EH$ dJ hmoVm. ~m.^.n{S>V dH$sc, AZVamd ~d} dH$sc, _mYdamd
~d}, _moamonV Omoer, S>m.{MVio, Jo, S>m.~mny Jmoao, ZmZc Ago aZm{Jar`m g_mO OrdZmVrc
{V{>V _mohao `m doir lr_hmamOm`m XeZmgmR>r Am{U _mJXeZmgmR>r AmdOyZ òV AgV.
AYyZ_YyZ lr_hmamO `mVrc EImm`m Kar OmV AgV.
aZm{JarnmgyZ 17-18 {H$bmo_rQ>ada nmdg ZmdmMo Jmd Amho. VoWo lr.am_M {dUy JmoS>~moco
D$\$ lr dm_r d$nmZX `mMo dmV` hmoVo. VU d`mV dmV` MidirV ^mJ KoD$Z VwJdmghr
gmogcoco lr d$nmZX ho lr JUoeZmW d `mMo {e`. nwT>o AmOmanUm_wio H$Vr AJXr Vmoim_mgm
Pmcr hmoVr `m_wio ~hVoH$ doim Vo nmdg òWoM dmV` H$$Z hmoVo. `mZr "A^J kmZoar',
"gOrdZr JmWm' AmXr JW {c{hco. lr_hmamOmMr Am{U `mMr W_ôQ> 1949 gmcr Pmcr.
lr.XmmonV Omoer, lr.aKwZmWamd D$\$ amdgmho~ Omoer, lr.~mnwamd ImS>oH$a Am{U lr_hmamO d
lr d$nmZX `m gdmMo EH$_oH$mer A{Ve` K{Z> g~Y `m H$mimV {Z_mU Pmcoco hmoVo. n{h`m
ôQ>rZVa XmoZM _{h`mZr lr d$nmZXmZr `m`m Jw$`m >mVmmao {_imco`m AmXoemZwgma,
28 && MV`gy` &&
`mMr ZmW gXm`mMr nanam gd e$s A{YH$mamgh lr_hmamOmH$S>o Xo`mMr BN>m `$ Ho$cr.
lr_hmamO hr O~m~Xmar drH$ma`mg V`ma ZhVo. naVw lr d$nmZX hUmco H$s, `m`m Jw$`m
AmkoZo hm ZmW gXm` lr_hmamOmZrM Mmcdm`Mm Amho.
lr_hmamOmZr hr h{H$H$V lrgX>Jw$ ~m~m _hmamOm`m H$mZr KmVcr. lr~m~m W_ hUmco H$s,
""AmnUmcm H$moUmMo H$mhr `m`Mo Zmhr.'' naVw ZVa lr~m~m g_mYr AdWoV XrS> Vmg hmoVo.
^mZmda Am`mda Vo hUmco, ""{dR>mo~m, ZmW gXm`mMr Ywam gm^miUo ho nyduMo H$m_ Amho. Vo Ho$co
nm{hOo. Vy nanam d gX>JwnX R>od.''
`m H$mimV Omoer ~Yy Am{U ~mnwamd ImS>oH$a `m {dJmMo lr_hmamOmH$S>o Iyn OmUo-òUo hmoVo.
lr_hmamOhr dmadma nmdgcm lr d$nmZXmH$S>o OmV AgV. `m doir nmdgcm Om`Mo hUOo
aZm{JarOdirc ^mQ>mMr ImS>r hmoS>rVyZ nma H$am`Mr Am{U nwT>o EImXr JmS>r {_imcr Va Rr>H$,
A`Wm Vo 17-18 {H$._r. AVa MmcyZ Om`Mo. naVw A`m_MM}Mr EdT>r JmoS>r hmoVr H$s, dmadma
hr _S>ir EH$_oH$mg ôQ>V hmoVr. `mVhr J_V Aer H$s, XmmonV Omoer Am{U ~mnwamd ImS>oH$a ho
lr_hmamOmH$Sy>Z AZwJh Ko`mgmR>r CgwH$ hmoVo; nU lr_hmamO _m aKwZmWamd OmoetZmM AZwJh
m`cm V`ma hmoVo. gaH$mar ZmoH$arV "_m_coXma' nX gm^miUmao aKwZmWamd _m hmV OmoSy>Z hUm`Mo,
""_cm H$mhr Vw_Mm AZwJh ZH$mo. _cm Vw_Mo Jw$-{e` ho ZmVo PonUmao Zmhr. g`m AmhoV Vgo
{_dmMo g~Y Am{U o_^md AgmM {Q>H$m`cm hdm.'' Agm hm _moR>m o_mMm JwVm hmoVm.
EH$Xm ho gmaoMOU nmdgcm lr d$nmZXmH$S>o O_co hmoVo Am{U `m`mg_moa `m {df`mMr
COiUr Pmcr. Vohm lr d$nmZXmZrM aKwZmWamdmZm g_Omdco, ""lr_hmamOmMm AZwJh {_iUo
`mcm nydnw`mB cmJVo. Vmo Ac` cm^ Amho. Vy hr gYr gmoSy> ZH$mo.'' aKwZmWamdm`m Xmohr
ZomZrgwm VoM gm{JVco Am{U `m {Xder lr_hmamOmZr aKwZmWamdmZm Am{U `mM doir XmmonV
Am{U ~mnwamd `mZmhr AZwJh {Xcm.
lr d$nmZXmZr {c{hco`m A^J-kmZoar`m H$meZm_mJo lr_hmamOmMr _moR>r oaUm, e$s
Am{U g{H$` _XV hmoVr. N>nmB dJaogmR>r ngo dJUrVyZ O_m H$aUo, {dVaUmgmR>r `dWm H$aUo `m
òH$ ~m~VrV lr_hmamOmZr _XV Ho$cr. `m JWmgmR>r "gw_ZmOcr' ZmdmMr H$m`_` VmdZm
{c{hcr. `m dmmV A^J kmZoar Amho `mM dmmV hr gw_ZmOcr {c{hcocr Amho. lr_hmamO
Am{U lr d$nmZX `mMm ~hVoH$ n`dhma hm H$m`mVyZM Pmcocm Amho (n H$. 1, n[a{e>
H$. 4). EH$_oH$mZm nanam{df`r A`V AmXa hmoVm.
naVw ho _Ywa g~Y 1960`m Xa`mZ IS>rV Pmco. lr d$nmZXmZr lr_hmamOm`m H$mhr
H$Vrda Q>rH$m Ho$cr. lr_hmamO hUmco H$s, _r Oo H$mhr H$aVmo Vo lrgX>Jw$Mr Amkm KoD$ZM H$aVmo.
dV:`m _ZmZo H$mhr H$arV Zmhr. AmnUhr gnwf AmhmV. AmnUmg AV>r Amho. Ago AgVmZm
CnmgZobm.. / 29
`m _m`m H$Vrda AmnU Q>rH$m H$er Ho$cr ? EdT>m dfmV AmnU _cm H$m` AmoiIcoV ?
`mZVa lr_hmamO lr d$nmZXmH$S>o H$Yrhr Joco ZmhrV. lr~m~mZm gmH$S>o KmcyZ lr_hmamO
ZmW gXm`mMr gmon{d`mV Amcocr O~m~Xmarhr `mJy BpN>V hmoVo. naVw lr~m~mZr >mVmmao
Amkm Ho$cr H$s, "ZmW gXm` naV H$am`Mm Zmhr. Vmo Vy _m`m nm`mer R>od. H$mhr H$mimZVa Vmo
ZmW gXm` AmnU Amn`m d$n gXm`m~amo~a nwhm Mmcdy.'
gZ 1949 Vo 1960 `m H$mimV lr_hmamOmZr lr d$nmZX `m`m ZmW gXm`mMr Xrjm
lr.Cdamd ImS>oH$a, lr. dgV n{S>V, lr.am_^mD$ AmR>ò, lr.h[a^mD$ AmR>ò B`mXr AZoH$mZm
{Xcr hmoVr. _m nwT>o g~Y VwQ>`mda `m gd _S>itH$Sy>Z Zmai R>odyZ Vmo gXm` naV H$a{dcm
Am{U d$n gXm`mMr Xrjm {Xcr.
`m gm`m Jmo>r nwT>`m H$mimVrc, naVw 1949-50`m Xa`mZ _m lr.XmmonV, lr.aKwZmWamd
Am{U ~mnwamd ImS>oH$a `mMm lr_hmamOmer AJXr o_mMm Am{U {ZH$Q >g~Y {Z_mU Pmcm hmoVm.
ImZycm lr.~mnwamd ImS>oH$am`m Kar lr_hmamO AZoH$ doiocm _w$m_mgmR>r OmV AgV. ImZycm
EH$ mMrZ Ago d`^y lr JmJoa _{Xa Amho. KZXmQ> XodamBV cncoco ho XoD$i Jmd`m dVrnmgyZ
Xya, Jmd`m EH$m ~mOycm Amho. {Xdgmhr EH$Q>mcm Om`cm ^rVr dmQ>mdr EdT>r XmQ> PmS>r Am{U
amZdoctMr JwVdi ! dmKmo~m AYyZ_YyZ XeZ XoD$Z Om`MoM; {edm` _{Xa n[agamMr amIU
H$aUmam ZmJamO VoWo Ad{MV >rg nS>m`Mm. `m Aem OmJr lr_hmamOmZm Vn`}gmR>r Amd`H$ Vmo
EH$mV {_im`Mm. amr`m doir OodUImU Pmco H$s, lr_hmamO, ~mnwamd, XmmonV, aKwZmWamd
Omoer Aer _S>ir VoWo OmD$Z `mZYmaUm H$am`Mr. 1951 gmbr `m _{XamVrb {nwar nm{U_o`m
Cgdmbmhr lr_hmamO CnpWV am{hbo hmoVo.
~mnwamd ImS>oH$amer lr_hmamOmMo EdT>o g` Owico H$s, {X.22.9.1952 amoOr `mZr Amnco
d`{$H$ XodWmZ ImZycm lr.~mnwamdm`m Kar Zoco. ImS>oH$amMo Ka hUOo EH$ _moR>m dmS>mM hmoVm.
AZoH$ Imo`m, _moR>r AmoQ>r-nS>dr, Mmgmonr Zho nU Mmar {XemZr ngaco`m `m _moR>m KamMr
_mS>rhr eV hmoVr. _mS>rda cm~$X nyU CMr`m 4-6 Imo`m hmo`m. `m _mS>rda lr_hmamOmZr
EH$m ImocrV Amn`m XodVmMr WmnZm Ho$cr.
lr.~mnwamdmMo {MaOrd lr.{dOàmd ho `m doir ~mcd`mMo hmoVo; naVw AOyZhr `m doi`m `m
XodWmZmMo {M `m`m _VrV VmOo Amho. `m`m gmJ`mZwgma, ImocrV EH$m ~mOyg q^VrOdi ho
XodWmZ R>odyZ Vr OmJm MmJcr eJmacocr Ago. XeZmgmR>r òUm`m _mUgmZm ~g`mgmR>r nwT>o
_moR>r gVaOr KmVcocr Ago. lr_hmamOmMo AmgZ `mKM_mMo hmoVo. `m ImocrV EH$ {dcjU gwJY
OmUdm`Mm. Vmo gwJY CX~mrMm ZhVm. Vmo {dcjU gwJY ImocrMo Xma CKS>`mda AJa {IS>H$sMr
PS>n CKS>`mda WmoS>m _mUmV ~mhoahr OmUdm`Mm. `m gwJYmZo _Z {dcjU g hm`Mo.
30 && MV`gy` &&
XodWmZ ImZycm Zo`mZVa lrdm_r g_W O`Vr, lr~m~m _hmamOmMr O`Vr, lr~rS>H$a
_hmamO nw`{VWr, Jwcrcm_V, JwM[a B. JWmMr nmamÙo dJao H$m`H$_ lr_hmamO VoWo H$$
cmJco. A{^foH$, nmoWrdmMZ, AmaVr, _hmgmX Ago gmYmaU H$m`H$ _mMo d$n Agm`Mo. aZm{JarhZ
òD$Z {ZdS>H$ cmoH$ hOoar cmdm`Mo. _hmgmXmMr gd O~m~Xmar lr_Vr grVm~mB `m ~mnwamdm`m nZr
KamVrc A` p`mg_doV CMcm``m. ~mho$Z AmMmar, d`nmH$s ~mocmdcocm Zgo.
Cgdm`m doir XodmnwT>o ^$_S>itZr R>odcoco gd ngo _{ZAmS>aZo nw`mcm lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm`m
_{XamV nmR>dco OmV. `mM_mUo CgdmgmR>r Amco`m IMmMr a$_ lr.~mnwamdm`m hmVr nyU
{heo~ H$$Z R>odcr Om`Mr. ngo Ko`mg ~mnwamd gH$moMy cmJ`mda, lr_hmamO Zoh_r `mZm
gmJm`Mo H$s hm `dhma Amho. Vmo H$mQ>oH$moanUo nmicm nm{hOo.
lr_hmamOmZr EH$ nmonQ> nmicocm hmoVm. `mMm qnOamhr _mS>rda hmoVm. `m nmonQ>mgmR>r \$io
dJao ImUo lr_hmamO dV: KoD$Z òV AgV. `mcm ~mocm`cm {eH$dco hmoVo. "_r JwZmW, _r
JwZmW' Ago lr_hmamO {eH$dV Am{U Vmo nmonQ> `m_mUo hUV Ago.
""ImZy òWo JwZmW Zm_o nmonQ> Amcm Amho. lrMaUr lwV hmdo'' Aer EH$ gmHo${VH$ {Q>nUr
lr~m~mZm 12.4.1954 amoOr nmR>{dco`m nmV Amho. `m nmonQ>mMr h{H$H$Vhr {dcjUM Amho.
EH$ {Xdg ~mnwamd ImS>oH$am`m AmoQ>rda lr_hmamO ~gcoco hmoVo. g_moa AJUmV EH$ nmonQ>
òD$Z CVacm. `m doir lr_hmamO ~mnwamd ImS>oH$amZm hUmco, ""Aao ~mny, Vmo nmonQ> ~K Amcm`.
`mcm KoD$Z ò BH$S>o !'' ~mnwamdmZr OmD$Z AJUmVyZ Vmo nmonQ> KamV AmUcm Am{U _hmamOmZr o_mZo
Vmo nmonQ> nmicm hmoVm.
ImZy òWrc XodWmZ Oohm nwT>o aZm{Jarcm lr.ZmamÙamd Xr{jVmH$S>o Zo`mV Amco, Vohm hm
"JwZmW'hr aZm{Jarcm Zo`mV Amcm. aZm{JarhZ lr_hmamOmZm nmR>dco`m AZoH$ nmV `m JwZmWMr
Iwemcr Xr{jV lr_hmamOmZm AmdOyZ H$idrV AgV. Ago CoI AJXr 81-82 gmcmn`V`m
nmV AmT>iVmV.
{X. 9.6.59`m nmV (n H$. 8, n[a{e>> H$. 4) Xr{jV {c{hVmV "".... JwZmW ~am Amho.
AOyZ ZdrZ {ngo òD$ cmJcocr ZmhrV. AmfY gw$ Amho ....''
lr~m~m _hmamOmZm nmonQ>mMr AmdS> hmoVr. lr.Hw$iJmdH$a Omoer, lr.am_M Am~oH$a Aem
Amn`m H$mhr ^$mZm lr~m~mZr nmonQ> nmim`cm {Xco hmoVo. Xya H$moH$UmV dmV`mcm Agco`m
Amn`m {e`mom_mcm lr~m~mZrM Va JwZmW ôQ>rgmR>r YmSy>Z {Xcm Zgoc ?
lr_Vr grVm~mB ImS>oH$a gmJVmV H$s _hmamOmMo KamVrc dmV` H$moUmcmhr H$moU`mhr H$mao
mgXm`H$ Zgm`Mo. A`V gmYr amhmUr, {H$_mZ JaOm Am{U nyU dmdc~r OrdZnVr, `m_wio
lr_hmamOmMr H$moUmcmM H$gcr CnmYr Zgo. dV:Mo H$nS>o dV:M Ywdm`Mo. EH$Xm ~mnwamdmZr
CnmgZobm.. / 31
JS>mcm gmJyZ H$nS>o nana Ywdm`cm {Xco Va _hmamO H$moU gVmnco ! ""_cm Xwg`mZo YwVcoco
H$nS>o AmdS>V ZmhrV'' Ago Vo hUmco. grVm~mBZr EH$Xm CndmgmgmR>r ~Xm_, ~oXmUo dJao KmcyZ
MmJcm JmoS>mMm ~Q>mQ>mMm {eam Ho$cm Va _hmamO hUmco, ""_cm Amncm gmYmM {eam AmdS>Vmo.
Agcm lr_Vr {eam _m`mgmR>r H$$ ZH$m. _cm ^Ja Mmcoc.''
`m ~mnwamdmMo AmUIr XmoZ ^mD$ hmoVo; `mnH$s EH$ lr.Cdamd ho _w~Bcm ZmoH$argmR>r AgV.
`m CdamdmZr lr_hmamOmda AZ` ^$r Ho$cr. nw`m`m WmZmVyZ {ZKUm`m lr~m~m`m nmcIr
{_adUwH$snwT>o P|S>m KoD$Z {_adUmao Vmcr_~mO {YnmS> Xoh`>rMo Cdamd lr_hmamOm`m ^$n[admamV
gdm`m _aUmV AmhoV. JmonmiH$m`m`m H$sVZmV lr_hmamOmZr H$Um`m crcm dUZ H$aVmZm
"E n|m' Aer gmX KmVcr H$s ojH$mVyZ Cdamd h_Img CRy>Z ""Amo''Agm {VgmX m`Mo.
lr.~mnwamdmMo Xwgao ~Yy {d>camd ImZycm {ejH$ hmoVo. `mZm A`m_m{df`r \$maer JmoS>r
Zgm`Mr. Amn`m mn{MH$ `mnmV Vo JH$ AgV. EH$Xm ~mnwamd WmoS>o J_VrZo, WmoS>o J^ranUo
lr_hmamOmZm hUmco, ""`m Am_`m ^mdmcm AZwJh m hUOo `mMr hr ggmamVrc Ymdni
WmoS>r emV hmoBc.'' _hmamOhr {_H$scnUo hUmco, ""`mZm AZwJh m`Mm hUOo {My$Mr ~r,
Ocr Va Ooc !'' Am{U _J {VKohr _Z_wamX hgco.
ImZycm EH$ Omoer ZmdmMo {ejH$ hmoVo. `mMr gmB~m~mda ^$s hmoVr. gmB ^$sMm EdT>m
A{VaoH$ Pmcm H$s, gmB~m~m _wgc_mZ hmoVo Ago H$moUrVar gm{JV`mda `m JhWmZr OmZdo VmoSy>Z
Q>mH$co, {demiJS>cm nram`m XeZmcm dJao OmD$Z Amco. `m JwOt`m dZmV gVV VrZ {Xdg
gmB~m~m Amco Am{U hUmco, ""_r ImZycm Amcmo`. _m`m XeZmcm ImS>oH$amH$S>o ò.'' VrZ {Xdg
gVV dZ nS>`m_wio Mm`m {Xder Vo ImS>oH$amH$S>o Amco.
BH$S>o lr_hmamO `m {Xder gH$mirM ~mnwamdm`m AmoQ>rda _moR>m hS>nm (cmH$S>r _moR>r noQ>r)
R>do cocm hmoVm, `mda S>mo `mcm gmB~m~mgmaIm EH$ $_mc JwS >miyZ ~gcoco hmoV.o Vo JwOr Amco `mZr
lr_hmamOmH$S>o nm{hco Va gmjmV gmB~m~m g_moa ! JwOr aSy> cmJco, `mZr _hmamOmMo nm` Yaco Am{U
ZVa lr_hmamOmZr `m JwOtMr "Z ^yVmo Z ^{d`Vr' Aer hOoar KoVcr. ""OmZdo VmoS>Vmog H$m` ? Vy
~mU _mUyg ! Vwcm H$moUr gm{JVco, gmB~m~m _wgc_mZ hUyZ? `mMo Zmd den m`Z hmoVo !'' EH$ Z
AZoH$, hOma Jmo>r EoH$dyZ `m JwOtZm `mo` _mJXeZ Ho$co. ImZyOdirc nmcr òWrc _wH$w Xamd gmdV
`mZmhr `mZr gmB~m~mMo XeZ KS>dco, Vo `mMr {Zgr_ ^$s nmhZM !
ImZynmgyZ 4-5 _cmda "nmWaQ>' ho Jmd Amho; VoWo EH$ eH$a JUoe D$\$ Am~m Hw$iH$Uu hUyZ
JhW hmoVo. `mZm "{XdmUOr' `m ZmdmZo gdOU AmoiIV. ho {XdmUOr lr_hmamOm`m XeZmgmR>r
Zoh_r ImZycm `m`Mo. `mMr AmOmar nZr EH$Xm `mZm hUmcr, ""_cm _hmamOm`m XeZmcm
KoD$Z Mcm !'' {XdmUOr hUmco, ""Vy Aer AmOmar ! ImZyn`V MmcUo Vwcm PonUma Zmhr.'' Vr
32 && MV`gy` &&
hUmcr, ""_r dmQ>oV _oco Var Mmcoc, nU _cm EH$Xm XeZmcm `m !'' {XdmUOr hUmco, ""H$mhrVar
h> H$$ ZH$mog _rM Omoer~wdm (`m doir {ZH$Q>dVu cmoH$ lr_hmamOmZm "{d>camd' Va WmoS>o
cm~Mo, H$_r n[a{MV cmoH$ ""Omoer~wdm'' hUV) Amho Ago g_O Am{U _cmM Z_H$ma H$a. _r Vmo
`m`mH$S>o nmoMdVmo.'' WmoS>r dmXmdmXr Pmcr Am{U ^mS>U {Xdgâ Yw_gV hmoVo.
BH$S>o ImZyhZ lr_hmamO AMmZH$ CRy>Z Q>monr dJao KmcyZ H$mR>r hmVr KoD$Z {ZKmco. ~mnwamdmZr
{dMmaco, ""{ZKmcmV Hw$R>o ?''
""nmWaQ>cm !''
""dmQ> _mhrV Amho H$m ?''
""dmQ> {_ioc, hm _r {ZKmcmoM !'' hUyZ ~oS>m`m H$mR>m (\$mQ>H$mMo ~m~y) H$mTy>Z {ZKmco.
_mJyZ KmBKmBZo ~mnwamdhr {ZKmco. _hmamO Zo_Ho$ `m {XdmUOt`m Kar nmWaQ>bm Amco. lr_hmamOmZm
nmhZ KamV EH$M JS>~S> CS>mcr. lr_hmamO {XdmUOt`m nZrer _mOKamV OmD$Z AmdOyZ ~mocco.
`m`m VòVrMr MmH$er Ho$cr. `m`m g_mYmZmgmR>r VoWo WmoS>m doi ~gco. MhmnmUr Pmco Am{U
CR>VmCR>Vm {XdmUOtZm {dMmaco ""H$m` ao ? VyM Omoer~wdm Amhog H$m` ?''
lr_hmamOmZr `m`m nZrcm {dMmaco, ""Vwhmcm H$mhr {dMmam`Mo Amho H$m` ?'' `m ~mB
hUm`m, ""Amnco XeZ Pmco `mV gd nmdco ! AmnU AmcmV, nU _r AmOmar Jar~ ~mB, _r
AmnUmcm H$mhr H$$Z Kmcy eH$co Zmhr.'' _hmamO hUmco, ""_cm AmnU hmVmda Mma e|JXmUo
Kmcm !'' `m ~mBMm ^moim ^md nmhZ lr_hmamO g Pmco Am{U ~mnwamdmZm hUmco, ""`m`mgmR>r
_cm `md cmJc !'' nwT>o lr_hmamOmMo H$nmN> `m Kamcm cm^co. `m {XdmUOt`m EH$m _wcrMo
cgwm lr_hmamOm`m nwT>mH$mamZo R>aco.
lr.XmmonV OmoemMo EH$ ^mH$aamd hUyZ ~Yy ImZycm hmoVo, `m`mH$S>o H$moUr EH$ MmXmoaH$a
ZmdmMo JhW `m`Mo. JhW nyU ZmpVH$ Am{U AJmV {nemM hmoVo. `m_wio Vo Zoh_r lr_hmamOm~c
Q>rH$m_H$ ~mocV Agm`Mo. EH$Xm g_moamg_moa JmR> nS>cr Am{U `mZm lr_hmamOmMo lrXmmo`
$nmV XeZ Pmco. `m XeZmZo `mZm _yN>mM Amcr. lr_hmamOmZr `m`m AJmda nmUr qenS>co
Am{U Vo hUmco, ""`m`m AJmda {nemM Amho. `mcm nmJarcm lr {edmZX dm_tH$S>o `m, hUOo
`mMm mg H$_r hmoBc.''
`m_mUo nwT>o Vo {nemM ~mYoVyZ _w$ Pmco. ZVa H$mhr dfmZr Vo nw`mcm òD$Z lr~m~m`m
g_m{Y_{XamVhr godogmR>r am{hco hmoVo.
lr.~mnwamdmMo 1955 gmcr AH$_mV {ZYZ Pmco. `mZVa lr_hmamOmZr Amnco d`{$H$
XodWmZ 1956 gmcr, {Q>iH$ AmirVrc lr.ZmamÙ {edam_ Xr{jV `m`m KamVrc _mS>rda
^mS>mZo OmJm KoD$Z WmnZ Ho$co. lr.ZmamÙamd Xr{jV `m`mda nyOm-AMm H$a`mMr O~m~Xmar
CnmgZobm.. / 33
`mZr gmon{dcr hmoVr H$maU `m H$mcmdYrV lr_hmamO doJdoJ`m H$maUmZr AZoH$ doim ~mhoaJmdr
OmV AgV. lr_hmamO ~mnwamdm`m {ZYZmZVa nwhm H$Yrhr ImZycm Joco ZmhrV.
2001 gmcr ImZy`m lr.JmJo a _{XamMm ^` OrUm}ma H$a`mV Amcm, `m_mJo hr Aer _moR>r
nm^_y r Amho. lrH$mH$m _hmamOm`m oaUoZo lr.{dH$mgamd H$. dmcmdcH$a `mZr hm OrUm}ma Ho$cm.
AmO _{XamV {damO_mZ Agbobo lr_hmamOmMo ^` Vc{M `m gm`m AmR>dUtZm COmim XoV.o
aZm{Jar`m `m dmVdmV lr_hmamOmZr AZoH$ cmoH${dcjU crcm Ho$`m. VoWo lr _moao~m~m `m
ZmdmZo AmoiIco OmUmao EH$ gmYwnwf hmoVo. Vo {dXohr pWVrV lr{d>c _{Xam`m ~mhoa a`mda
nSy>Z AgV. nm`mcm _moR>r OI_ Pmcocr hmoVr. lr_hmamO `mMr godm-ewlyfm H$arV. AZoH$ AmfYo
lr_hmamOmZm _mhrV hmoVr. lr_hmamO _moao~m~m`m OI_oda _c_n>r H$arV Am{U {dXohr
lr _moao~m~m ZVa Vr n>r gmoSy>Z \o$Hy$Z XoV. ZmamÙamd Xr{jVmZr EH$Xm {dMmaco, ""AmnU ho `mg
H$emgmR>r H$aVm ? H$moUr gm{JVco Amho ho `W `Z H$am`cm ?'' lr_hmamO amJmZo `mZm hUmco,
""Vw`m Am{U _m`m ~mnmZo gm{JVco Amho hUyZ H$aVmo !'' lr _moao~m~mZr Xoh`mJ Ho$bm, Vohm
lr_hmamO Amn`m ghH$m`mZm amr AMmZH$ hUmco, ""_moa~o m~mZr XmoZ dmOVm Xoh R>do cm !''
aZm{JarMo lr.èdVamd namOno ho lrXmmo`mMo CM H$moQ>rVrc gmYH$ hmoVo. `mZr Am`wd}XmMm
MmJcm A`mg Ho$cm hmoVm. `j lrXmmo`m`m _mJXeZmZo `mZr ""gOrdZr {M{H$gm'' ZmdmMr
CnMma nVr emoYyZ H$mT>cr hmoVr. lrXmmo`mZrM `mZm g`mg Xrjm {Xcr hmoVr. _m `mMo OmZdo
Am{U {eIm am{hcr hmoVr Am{U g`memMr dohr Xo`mV Amcr ZhVr. lr{d>camd Omoer `m gd
Jmo>tMr nyVVm H$a`mgmR>r òVrc Am{U `mM doir JmoXmZmMr gdm gdm n`m X{jUm nmM
~mUmZm XoVrc Ago `j lrXmmo`mZr namOno `mZm gm{JVco hmoVo. lr.namOno `mZr lr_hmamOmZm
hr Jmo> gm{JVcr, Vohm lr_hmamOmZr `m_mUo nmM ~mUmZm òH$s gdm n`m `m_mUo JmoXmZmMr
X{jUm {Xcr. `m doir lr.namOno `mMr e|S>r Am{U OmZdo JiyZ nS>co. ZVa lr_hmamOmH$Sy>Z `mZr
g`memMr do {d{YnydH$ drH$macr. lr.namOno `mZr g_mYrgmR>r O{_ZrV I>m IUyZ OmJm
V`ma Ho$cr Am{U dV: `m {R>H$mUr AmgZ KmcyZ ~gco Am{U `mZr VjUr mU gmoS>co. `m gJr
lr_hmamO VoWo hOa hmoVo.
`m gd Jmo>r lr~m~m _hmamOm`m AZwkoZoM lr_hmamO H$arV hmoVo. lr_hmamOm`m AdVma
H$m`mMmM hm ^mJ hmoVm. lr_hmamOmMr H$sVu gd ngaV hmoVr. `m doir gd cmoH$ `mZm "lr{d>camd
Omoer' `m ZmdmZoM AmoiIV hmoVo. `mMm A`m_mVrc A{YH$ma AmoiIyZ `mMm H$nmgmX m
H$a`mgmR>r lr_hmamOmH$S>o cmoH$ _moR>m gòZo òD$ cmJco. Amncr JmhmUr, AS>rAS>MUr, Xw:I
lr_hmamOmZm EoH$dy cmJco. AJXr `dhmamVrc noMgJmV lr_hmamOmZr _`Wr H$$Z hVjon
H$amdm Aem AnojoZohr lr_hmamOmZm gmH$S>o Kmcy cmJco, H$maU {Z:njnmVr `m` lr_hmamOM
34 && MV`gy` &&
XoVrc Aer gdmZmM Imr dmQ>o. OrdZmVrc "`dhmamMo' ^mZ lr_hmamOmZm gXd hmoVo, `m_wio
Aer _`Vr C^`njmZm g_mZ _mn XoUmar hmoVr. AZoH$ H$mQw>{~H$ Am{U `mdhm[aH$ dmX `mZr
{_Q>dco hmoVo (n H$. 44, n[a{e> H$. 3). g_moa`mMo _Z cInUo dmM`mMr {dcjU e$s
`m`mOdi hmoVr. `m`mgmo~V amhmVmZm ~mOy`m _mUgmcm Zoh_rM Xj amhmdo cmJo. H$moUm`m
_ZmV H$mhr doS>o dmH$S>o {dMma Amco H$s lr_hmamO h_Img XaS>mdyZ {dMmam`Mo, ""H$m` ao ? H$m`
Mmcc` ?''
`m dmT>`m JXu_wio, EH$mVmgmR>r CgwH$ lr_hmamO ôQ>m`cm Amco`m _mUgmda mJm H$arV,
AmoaS>V, ${MV gJr {edrJmihr H$arV. naVw Ago Pmco H$s `m _mUgmMo H$m_ PmcoM hUyZ
g_Om Agm gdmMm AZw^d hmoVm. ~mV: lr_hmamO H$moUmdahr {H$Vrhr amJmdco, Var `mMo
AV:H$aU dgc _mVoMoM hmoVo. Am_gmjmH$mam`m >rZo gd gVmMr `mo`Vm gmaIr Agcr Var
òH$mMm dV:Mm Agm d^md{deof AgVmo. H$mhr gV-gnwf gdgm_m` cmoH$mer, C_Zr
AdWoV amhZ, `m`mer {nemMdV dVZ H$$Z `mZm Mma hmV XyaM amoIVmV. I`m {Okmgycm
_m `mo` _mJXeZ H$aVmV. cmoH$gJh H$arV ZmhrV _m lr_hmamOmgmaIo gV-gnwf dV: gmo@h
^md nmaJV AgyZhr gdgm_m` cmoH$mMm H$Q>mim H$arV ZmhrV. `mMr jw gmgm[aH$ Xw:Io ghmZw^yVrZo
g_OyZ KoVmV Am{U ho H$arV AgVmZmM `m`m _ZmV Ba^$sMo ~rO Q>mH$VmV. Am_emoYmMr dmQ>
`mZm hmV Y$Z XmIdVmV. gmh{OH$M `mMm cmoH$gJh _moR>m AgVmo Am{U \$ma _moR>m _mUmV Vo
g_mO_Zmcm {Xem Xo`mMo A`V _hdmMo H$m_ H$arV AgVmV. `m`m H$m_mMr `mr EImX
Xwg`m gmYH$mMo C`Z EdT>mnwaVr _`m{XV ZgVo Va g_mOmMr Am`mp_H$ YmaUm CMmdyZ
`mmao g_mO Am{U n`m`mZo am> ~cemcr, gwIr, g_ H$aUo hr AgVo. Ho$di ^m{VH$ g_rZo
am> AnH$mi ~cemcr hmoV Agoc; naVw g_mO ^m{VH$ g_rZo Zho Va g_ Am`mp_H$
~R>H$sZoM {Z^`, gwIr hmoVmo, ~cemcr hmoVmo Am{U ho gm_` {MaWm`r R>aVo.
Agm ~cemcr g_mO C^m H$aUo ho `mMo ò` hmoVo, OrdZ`mg hmoVm. hm `mg, H$m`gJr Vo
Omo gH$n gmoS>rV `mV n>nUo {XgyZ òVmo. ""...gd}fm ^$ OZmZm H$`mUmW Vofm _Z{g
dam>-dY_-dXodVm {dfò gVlm`m: Cn`W, H$m`j_Vm {g`W Y_ {ddgH$ `w$ AmKmV-{VH$ma-nydH$, gH$c cmoH$mZm gwIoZ g_dpW`W, gdmJrU - d{XH$-Y_-g_w`W,
Ap_Z g_mOo gK>Z-nydH$ EoH$_`mon`W ...'' Agm Vmo am>CWmZmMm ^`, {X`, {demc
gH$n hmoVm. Agm gH$n gmoSy>ZM lr_hmamOmZr gZ 1951 _ò S>oadU òWo EH$m _hmZ H$m`mMm
ew^ma^ Ho$cm !
D D D
CnmgZobm.. / 35
H$aU : 5
_mPo X`r g_m{YWmZ & g` gX>Jw {XJ~amM| &&

lrjo S>oadU `m WmZmMr nydnr{R>H$m A{Ve` aOH$ Amho Am{U lr_hmamOmMo VoWrc H$m`
g_OmdyZ KoVmZm WmoS>m nyd}{Vhmg _mhrV H$$Z KoUo Amd`H$ Amho.
lrgV Jmonmi~wdm Ho$iH$a D$\$ lr r{VZX dm_rHw$_ma ho lrdm_r g_WmMo EH$ AmdS>Vo {e`
hmoVo. Amnco gd Am`w` `mZr dm_r godoV doMco hmoVo. Jmonmi~wdmZm dm_r g_WmZr MmXr`m
nmXwH$m, XS> Am{U Pmoir {Xcr Am{U "Xa Jwdmar {^jm _mJyZ CnmgZm H$a' Agm AmXoe {Xcm
hmoVm. nwT>o `mMo Jw~Yy ny.dm_rgwVmZr `mZm {MniyUOdirc _mH$S>r òWo dm_tMm _R> WmnZ
H$a`mMr Amkm Ho$cr. `m_mUo _mH$S>r òWo _R> WmnZ H$$Z lr Jmonmi~wdm eH$ 1841 _ò Xoh
R>odrn`V VoWoM BeqMVZmV {Z_ hmoVo.
{Vdfu M ew {Vr`m `m {Xder _mH$S>r òWo ""lrdm_r O`Vr'' hm Cgd _moR>m _mUmda
gmOam hmoV Ago. {MniyU n[agamVrc dm_tMo ^$ `m doir AmdOyZ VoWo hOoar cmdrV. gmdS>}
òWrc lr.ZriH$R> H$merZmW Am{U lr.am_M H$merZmW e|~oH$a ho ~Yy`hr {Z`{_VnUo `m
Cgdmcm OmV AgV. `mZr {dZVr Ho$`md$Z lr Jmonmi~wdmZr `mZm lrdm_r g_Wm`m nmXwH$m
CnmgZogmR>r {X`m. e|~oH$a ~YyZr `m nmXwH$mMr WmnZm Amn`m KanaS>mV EH$ chmZgo _{Xa
~mYyZ Ho$cr Am{U VoWo CnmgZm gw$ Ho$cr. AmOy~mOyMo cmoH$hr CnmgZogmR>r VoWo òD$ cmJco.
EH$ {Xdg `m _{Xamg_moarc dQ>djmImcr lr.am_M Zaqgh H$mQ>Xao ZmdmMo EH$ JhW òD$Z
~gco Am{U `mZr gVV gmV {Xdg Ahmoam AIS> h[aZm_mMm gmh Ho$cm. _yiMo {MniyUOdirc
dhmi JmdMo am_MnV, aZm{Jarcm ZmZc d{H$cmH$S>o ZmoH$arcm hmoVo. `m ZmZc d{H$cmMr gmdS>},
S>oadU ^mJmV ~arM O_rZ hmoVr. {VMr `dWm Vo (am_MnV) nmhmV AgV. VoWo H$mhr H$maUm_wio
_VôX Pmco Am{U EH$XarVM nMmcm H$Q>miyZ Vo KamVyZ ~mhoa nS>co hmoVo. `m Zm_gmhm`m eodQ>r
`mZm lrdm_r g_WmMm gmjmH$ma Pmcm Am{U H$S>H$S>rV dam` `m`m AJr Amco. ~m OJmMo
^mZ hanco. AJmda`m dmMr ew Zgm`Mr. OodUImUmMr OmUrd Zgm`Mr. AIS> Zm__aUmV
VrZ hmoD$Z Joco hmoVo. nZr Amn`m XmoZ chmZ _wctZm KoD$Z gmdS>mcm `mZm ôQ>m`cm Amcr.
nU {V`m g_Omd`mMm H$mhr Cn`moJ Pmcm Zmhr. CcQ> Vo gmdS>} gmoSy>Z JwnMyn {ZKyZM Joco. `m
doir Vo `mZYmaUoV EdT>o _ hmoVo H$s cm{H$H$ OJmcm Vo doS>o AmhoV AgoM dmQ>mdo. H$Yr AJmda
MVH$moa cJmoQ>r Va H$Yr Vrhr Zmhr. XmT>r OQ>m dmT>co`m, hmVmV Vw~m Am{U _wImZo harZm_mMm JOa
Mmccocm !
36 && MV`gy` &&
AIoarg `mMr _mH$S>r`m lrgV Jmonmi~wdmer JmR> nS>cr Am{U Jmonmi~wdmZr `mZm AZwJh
{Xcm. `mZVa nwT>rc 14 df} `mZr IS>Va Vn`m Ho$cr, H$R>moa `moJgmYZm Ho$cr. H$moQ>r_
OnmZw>mZ, Jm`r_ nwaaU, â Xwnmar gy`q~~mH$S>o >r cmdyZ g_moa emirJm_mda `mZnydH$
AIS> A{^foH$ H$aUo, VrZhr F$Vy_ ò {V{XZr Ag` doim nm`mV ~wS>m _m$Z gmYZm H$aUo Aem
AZoH$ H$mao `mZr Xoh H$>dZy Xoh~wrMm `mJ Ho$cm Am{U ZVa Am`w`â dd$nmV {Z_ am{hco.
AJmdarc H$nS>mMohr ^mZ Zgm`Mo hUyZ cmoH$ `mZm "{XJ~a~m~m' hUy cmJco Am{U `mMo
AmS>Zmd H$mQ>Xao Agco Var Vo "dhmi' `m JmdMo Ag`m_wio cmoH$ `mZm ""{XJ~a~m~m dhmiH$a''
`m ZmdmZoM AmoiIy cmJco. lr {XJ~a~m~mZr lrXmmo`, lrdm_r g_W Am{U Amn`m gX>Jw$`m
Amko_mUo CdarV Am`w` CnmgZm Am{U cmoH$momamgmR>r `VrV H$a`mMo R>adco. 1910 gmcr
`mZr gmdS>} òWrc _{XamMm OrUm}ma H$$Z VoWo eV _{Xa ~mYco. dm_r g_Wm`m Z`m
nmXwH$m WmnZ Ho$`m Am{U Vo VoWoM _{XamV amh cmJco.
`m`m ò> H$òMm {ddmh gmdS>m`m lr.aKwZmW ZriH$R> e|~oH$a `m`mer Am{U H${Z>
H$òMm {ddmh {nnir òWrc lr.AnmOr har H$mZS>o `m`mer Pmcm.
{MniyU òWrc dm_r g_W _R>mV MmV hmoUm`m lrdm_r O`Vr Cgdmcm gmdS>} n[agamVrc
AZoH$ cmoH$ Xadfu OmV AgV. `m Cgdm`m doirM Oa gmdS>mcm Cgd Am`mo{OV Ho$cm Va
cmoH$mZm Vo AS>MUrMo dmQ>oc hUyZ lr Jmonmi~wdm`m gmJ`m_mUo gmdS>mcm Xm O`VrMm
Cgd gw$ H$a`mV Amcm. `m Cgdm`m doir O_mogdmMo H$sVZ H$a`mgmR>r lr Jmonmi~wdm
dV: òV AgV. hm Cgd AnmdYrVM _moR>m _mUmV gmOam hmoD$ cmJcm Am{U `m_wioM
lrdm_r g_W _{Xa ho ""lrXod Xm _{Xa'' `m ZmdmZo {grcm Ambo. {MniyU òWrc lrdm_r
g_W _{Xam_mUoM òWohr {H$mi nyOm, H$mH$S> AmaVr, nMnXr, Jwdmar Am{U EH$mXercm ÔZ
Aer CnmgZm gw$ Pmcr. lr dhmiH$a~wdmZr Amn`m nZr`m {ZYZmZVa dhmi òWrc Amncr
{_iH$V {dH$cr. `m aH$_oVyZ gmdS>} òWo gw_mao 9&& EH$a O_rZ IaoXr Ho$cr. `m O{_ZrVyZ òUmao
Cn lrXo d Xm _ { Xam`m `dWo g mR> r cmdy Z {Xbo (hr O_rZ lrkmZZmW _ { Xamnmgy Z
lr dhmiH$a~wdm`m g_m{Y_{Xamn`V ngacocr Amho).
lr_hmamOmMm Am{U lr dhmiH$a~wdmMm Zoh hm 1942 gmcmnmgyZMm hmoVm. lr_hmamO AZoH$
doim gmdS>mcm OmD$Z lr dhmiH$a~wdmg_doV Am`mp_H$ {df`mMr MMm H$arV. `m doir
lr_hmamO Ho$di Vrg-~mrg dfmMo VU Am{U lr dhmiH$a~wdm gmar AmocmSy>Z Jococo hmoVo. naVw
EH$m nmV lr dhmiH$a~wdm lr_hmamOmZm {c{hVmV,
""AmYr g_B, Voc, dmV `mMr V`mar Pm`mda _J Xwg`m `moVrZo Vr noQ>dm`Mr AgVo. Vr
`moV noQ>d`mZVa Omo H$me Pmcm `mV dS>rc-YmH$Q>onUm Hw$Ro amhVmo ?''
_mPo X`t.. / 37
Xwg`m EH$m nmV Vo {c{hVmV, ""... VwH$mam_ _hmamOmZr Omo A`mg Ho$cm Vmo òH$m O_mV
ZgyZ, "~hZm_ O_Zm_ AVo' Ago hr JrVmdMZ Amho. `m _mUohr {dMma Ho$cm AgVm AmnU
VwH$mam_ _hmamO hmd| Aer BN>m Amho. hUOo ho CX>JV nydO_mMo AmhoV Ago _cm {XgVo. H$maU
Amncm A`mg d {dMma ~amM Pmcm Amho. `m{gdm` ho eX òUo e` Zmhr.''
lr dhmiH$a~wdmZr lr_hmamOmMr Wmoadr `m gwdmVr`mM H$mimV AmoiIcr hmoVr. `m XmoKm_ò
dmadma ôQ>rJmR>r hmoV hmo`m. ~hVoH$ doim lr_hmamO lr dhmiH$a~wdmZm ôQ>`mgmR>r gmdS>mcm
òV AgV. lrXm _{XamV Jm^m`m`m CO`m ~mOyg EH$ Imocr hmoVr, VoWo lr dhmiH$a~wdmMm
_w$m_ Ago. lr_hmamO VoWo Amco H$s gVV N>mò_mUo `m`mgmo~V dmdaV AgV. Imocr_ò Zoh_r
JhZ Am`mp_H$ {df`mda XmoKmMr gVV MMm Mmcy Ago. lr dhmiH$a~wdm eoVmda Joco Va lr_hmamOhr
gmo ~ V AgV. Vo W rc {d{hardaM ZmZ-g `m hmo B Am{U lr dhmiH$a~w d m `m Z m Xw n mar
^mo O ZmgmR> r Amn`m gmo ~ VM Amnco Om_mV lr.aKw Z mW e| ~ o H $a `m `mH$S> o Zo V .
lr dhmiH$a~wdm \$$ ^moOZmnwaVoM `m`mH$S>o OmV AgV. ~mH$s gd dmda lrXod Xm _{XamVM Ago.
^moOZm`m doir lr dhmiH$a~wdm nmQ>mda _mS>r KmcyZ ~g`mEodOr Zoh_rM C{H$S>do ~gyZ
OodV AgV. lr_hmamOhr `m`mg_doV OodU H$aVmZm H$Q>mjmZo nmQ>mda C{H$S>doM ~gV AgV.
`mM_mUo lr dhmiH$a~wdmMo ^moOZ nyU hmo`mnyduM Amnco ^moOZ nyU H$$Z lr_hmamO
lr dhmiH$a~wdm CR>`mMr dmQ> nmhmV Z_nUo Wm~coco AgV.
lr_hmamO gmdS>mcm `m`Mo Vo _w`do lr dhmiH$a~wdmer VdMMm H$am`cmM (gX^ n
H$. 6, n[a{e> H$. 4). H$YrH$Yr lr dhmiH$a~wdm aZm{Jarcm lr_hmamOmH$S>o ôQ>rgmR>r OmV
AgV. `m doir lr_hmamO `m`mg_doV g_w {H$Zmar OmD$Z VoWyZ hmoS>rVyZ `mZm g_wmV nm`mImcr
gmYZm H$a`mgmR>r gmoSy>Z òV Am{U gm`H$mir nwhm Kar KoD$Z òV. Kar Am`mda XwYmV gwH$m_odm
dmQy>Z `mMm cmSy> lr dhmiH$a~wdmZm XoV AgV.
gmdS>} _wH$m_r AgVmZm lr_hmamO, amr lr dhmiH$a~wdmg_doV XodWmZ`m Amodarda,
EH$mM Km|JS>rda PmonV AgV. AgoM EH$Xm Vo XmoKo Pmonco AgVmZm `j lrdm_r g_WmZr
lr_hmamOmZm CR>{dco. lr_hmamO OmJo hmoD$Z nmhmVmV Va g_moa `j lrdm_r g_W gwhm`
_woZo Cô hmoVo. {X` VoOmZo gmao lrXm XodWmZ ^$Z Joco hmoVo. lrdm_r g_Wm`m hmVmV EH$
VoOdr JmoQ>r hmoVr Am{U Vr A`V doJmZo JmocmH$ma ^_U H$arV hmoVr. lrdm_r g_WmZr Vr JmoQ>r
EH$m CKS>m S>~rV R>odyZ lr_hmamOmZm {Xcr. S>~rVhr Vr JmoQ>r doJmZo {\$aV hmoVr Am{U `mVyZ
VoOdr {H$aU ~mhoa nS>V hmoVo.
hr JmoQ>r lr_hmamOmZr gXd AmnUmOdi R>odcr hmoVr. EH$ {Xdg lr AemoH$H$mH$m`m hmVr Vr
R>odyZ lr_hmamO hUmco, ""hr JmoQ>r hUOo H$m` Amho _mhrV Amho H$m` ? ho ~mS>mMo VrH$ Amho.
38 && MV`gy` &&
hr JmoQ>r A$cH$moQ> dm_t`m hmVmV Ago. ho ~mS> dV: A$cH$moQ> dm_r MmcdrV AgV,
`mZr hr JmoQ>r _cm {Xcr hmoVr Vr AmVm _r Vwcm XoVmo`.'' AmO Vr JmoQ>r lr AemoH$amd Omoet`m
(lrH$mH$m _hmamOm`m) XodKamV Amho.
lr grVmam_~wdm dmcmdcH$a ho lr dhmiH$a~wdmMo {e`. lr dhmiH$a~wdmg_doV gmdS>m`m
lrXod Xm _{XamVM Vo amhmV AgV. Amn`m gX>Jw$Mr Am{U _R>mMr _Zmo^mdo godm H$aUo EdT>oM
`mMo OrdZgdd hmoVo. lr grVmam_~wdmMr Jw{Z>m Am{U Jwgodm lr_hmamOmZr nm{hcocr Ag`m_wio
`m`m{df`r lr_hmamOm`m _ZmV Anma AmXaM hmoVm. `m_wio `m`mer lr_hmamOmMo WmoS>\o $ma
~mocUo hm`Mo. _m A` H$moUmer lr_hmamO \$mago ~mocm`Mo ZmhrV. Wm{ZH$ cmoH$mer gnH$ ZhVm.
lr grVmam_~wdm _yiMo Voago ~m~S>}, Vm. Hw$S>mi òWrc. O_ 1899 gmcr Pmcm. `mMo {ejU
gmVdrn`V Pmco hmoVo. chmZnUmnmgyZM _ZmV dam` Ococo. H$mhr {Xdg _w~Bcm ZmoH$ar Ho$cr;
nU cdH$aM ZmoH$ar gmoSy>Z VrW`mm H$arV qhSy> cmJco. Ajae: AJmcm amI \$mgyZ {\$aV hmoVo.
_amR>dmS>mVrc YwZr~m~m hUyZ EH$m gnwfmMr JmR> nS>cr. {XemhrZ {\$aUm`m grVmam_~wdmZm
`mZr A$cH$moQ>cm nmR>dco. VoWo dS>mImcr `mZr dm_r g_WmMr ZD$ _{hZo EH${Z>nUo godm
Ho$cr. Vohm dm_r g_WmZr `mZm gmdS>mcm lr dhmiH$a~wdmH$S>o Om`mMm >mV {Xcm Am{U
lr grVmam_~wdm _Oc-Xa_Oc H$arV gmdS>m`m _R>mV Amco Am{U Cd[aV gd Am`w` `mZr
lr dhmiH$a~wdm Am{U _R> `m`m godoV Ajae: dmhZ Q>mH$co.
lr grVmam_~wdm Amn`m gX>Jw$Mr _Zmo^mdo godm H$arV, AmOw~mOy`m JmdmVyZ H$moaS>r {^jm
_mJyZ dVW OrdZ OJV hmoVo. _{XamMr PmS>cmoQ>, gS>m-gmadU H$amdo, _{Xam`m eoVmV ânya
am~mdo, Zdr eoVo nmS>mdr, ~mY~{XVr H$amdr, AJXr ZmJa Ya`mnmgyZ gd H$m_o H$amdrV Am{U
gd doi C damV Zm_Kmof H$amdm, `mZ YmaUm H$amdr Agm `mMm {XZH$_ hmoVm. ghm \y$Q> CM,
^$_ eara`>r cm^co`m grVmam_~wdmZr _R>m`m ~mYH$m_mgmR>r XJS>gwm \$moS>co. g`m OoWo
lr dhmiH$a~wdmMo g_m{Y_{Xa Amho, VoWo _mJrc ~mOyg EH$ AmXw~a dj Amho. `m AmXw~amImcr
grVmam_~wdmZr EH$ chmZer Kw_Q>r ~mYyZ `m_ò Amnco Xod R>odco hmoVo. AmXw~am_mJo H$mhr
AVamda EH$ H$m`m XJS>mZr ~mYcocr {dhra Amho. Vr dV: grVmam_~wdmZr ImoXyZ ~mYyZ KoVcr.
`m {d{harda nydu ~cahmQ> hmoVm Am{U e|Xcoco nmUr gmR>{d`mgmR>r hmXhr ~mYcocm hmoVm.
grVmam_~wdmZr VoWo \w$cPmS>o, \$iPmS>o cmdyZ Vmo gd n[aga Z`Za` Ho$cm hmoVm. {edm` VoWo
^mOrnmcmhr {nH${dcm OmB. ~wdmZm PmS>nm`m`m AmfYmMr _m{hVr hmoVr. H$mhr _ gmYZmhr
~wdmZr Ho$cr hmoVr. `m_wio JmoaJ[a~mZm, gm_m` ggmar OZmZm ~wdmMm AmYma dmQ>o. ~wdmMo AV:H$aU
H$mo_c Am[U {Z_i hmoVo. d^md _Xy Am{U o_i hmoVm. `m_wio AZoH$ cmoH$ ~wdm`m AdVr^dVr
AgV. ~wdm ho Xm`^$sMo AZwn_ Ago CXmhaU hmoVo.
_mPo X`t.. / 39
""Vw_Mm `moJjo_ gX>JwMo {ear & AZ`Vm Iar MaUr R>odm &&'' `m lr_hmamOm`m {eH$dUr_mUoM
lr grVmam_~wdm ^{d`mV Amn`m `moJjo_mMr `dWm H$m` `mMm {dMma Z H$aVm gmdS>m`m
WmZmV amhmV hmoVo. naVw dhmiH$a~wdmZr, lrXod Xm XodWmZmMm Am{U O{_ZrMm Vm~m Amn`m `m
{e`damH$S>o Z XoVm, Amnco OmdB aKwZmW e|~oH$a `m`mH$S>o {Xcm hmoVm. hr Jmo> `mo` Pmcr Zmhr
ho XyaXeu >r`m lr_hmamOmZr gS>oVmoS>nUo `mM doir lr dhmiH$a~wdmZm gm{JVco hmoVo Am{U
_hmamOmMr ^rVr nwT>o Iar R>acr.
lr dhmiH$a~wdm ewH$dma, {X.19.1.1951 amoOr (nmf ew && 12, eH$ 1872) d`m`m 82
`m dfu g_m{YW Pmco. dhmiH$a~wdmMm A`{dYr `m`mM OmJoV H$m`nr ZXr`m H$mR>r Pmcm.
`m OmJoda lr_hmamOmZr _mVrMr _yVu WmnyZ EH$ chmZgo _{Xa ~mYco. lr dhmiH$a~wdm`m
_hm{ZdmUmZVa lrXod Xm XodWmZ Am{U `m`m O{_Zr dJao g~YrMo gX^ ~Xcco hmoVo. Aem
doir lr grVmam_~wdm`m amhm`mMr, `moJjo_mMr H$mhrVar {Z{V d$nmMr `dWm {Z_mU H$aUo
Amd`H$ Amho ho lr_hmamOmZr AmoiIco. nw`mcm gX>Jw$ lr~m~m`m H$mZr hr gd n[apWVr
KmcyZ `mZr Amn`m Z`m `moOZogmR>r `mMo AmerdmX {_idco.
lr_hmamOmZr "Vi {OVdUo' hr ^mVeoVr Am{U "eoarMm _mi' hr daH$g O_rZ ~wdmgmR>r IaoXr
H$$Z {Xcr. eoVr`m H$m_mgmR>r EH$ ~cOmoS>rhr IaoXr H$$Z ~wdm`m dmYrZ Ho$cr Am{U
lr dhmiH$a~wdm`m XhZ^y_rdarc _mVr _{XamcJV g_m{Y_{Xa ~mYm`Mo R>adco. ~wdmMo AmVm
d` Pmco hmoVo. {^jm _mJyZ amhmUo AmVm `mZm d`mo_mZm_mUo H$>X hmoD$ cmJco hmoVo. naVw
lr {XJ~a~m~m`m g_mYrMr godm, `dWm nmhm`mgmR>r grVmam_~wdmEdT>r Xwgar H$moUVrhr `$s
`mo` ZhVr. lr grVmam_~wdmZrhr lr_hmamOmMm {dmg gmW R>adcm Am[U Amn`m Am`w`m`m
A{V_ jUmn`V `m WmZmMr Vo godm H$arV am{hco.
lr dhmiH$a~wdm`m g_m{Y_{XamMm Vmd lr_hmamOmZr lr grVmam_~wdmer {dMma {d{Z_`
H$$Z V`ma Ho$cm Am{U Vmo lr dhmiH$a~wdmMo OmdB lr.aKwZmW e|~oH$a `m`mnwT>o R>odcm. _{XamMo
{Z`mo{OV WmZ ho lrXod Xm _{Xa Am{U e|~oH$a `mMo Ka `mnmgyZ Xya AVamda Ag`m_wio amoO
g_mYr`m nyOocm OmUo mgmMo R>aoc, {edm` dmQ>oV ZXr Amho, nmdgm`mV Vr AmocmS>Uo (nwcmA^mdr)
AS>MUrMo R>aVo, Vohm g_m{Y_{Xa lrXod Xm _{XamOdi ~mYmdo Ago lr.aKwZmW e|~oH$amMo _V
hmoVo. EH$_V Pmco Zmhr, ~mocUr {\$gH$Q>cr; naVw lr_hmamOmZr lr.dmgwXod `m aKwZmWamdm`m
ò> {MaOrdmer _w~B òWo ~mocUr Ho$cr. g_m{YWmZr {edqcJ WmnZ H$amdo hUOo {Z`nyOoMo
~YZ amhmUma Zmhr Agm {dMma lr_hmamOmZr _mS>cm. Vmo {dMma lr.dmgwXodamdmZmhr nQ>cm Am{U
`mZr Amn`m d{S>cmMr g_Vr {_i{dcr.
`mZVa lr_hmamO d grVmam_~wdm `mZr g_m{Y_{Xam`m C^maUrg ma^ Ho$cm. _{Xa C^maUr`m
40 && MV`gy` &&
doir grVmam_~wdmZr AmOy~mOy`m JmdmVyZ {^jm _mJyZ H$mhr cmHy$S> gm_mZ Jmoim Ho$co. lr.aKwZmW
e|~oH$a `mZr 10 _U ^mV Am{U EH$ ~m~yMo ~oQ> Amncr `Wme$s Andn _XV `m ^mdZoZo
{Xco. _m _{Xa C^maUrgmR>r cmJUmar ~hVme _XV ngo AWdm dVw$nmV lr_hmamOmZr Amn`m
_w~ B-nw`mVrc ^$mH$Sy>Z Jmoim Ho$cr. J^Jh , eV g^m_S>n _mJo chmZgo d`nmH$Ka, nwT>o AJU
Ago EH$ g WmZ AmX~w am`m gmdcrV V`ma Pmco. lr dhmiH$a~wdm`m AWr H$cemMr J^Jh mV
{d{YdV WmnZm Pmcr. S>ao dU Am{U nMH$moer`m ^m`moX`mcmM OUy Vohm gwdmV Pmcr.
lr grVmam_~wdm 1953 nmgyZ g_m{Y_{XamVM amhm`cm Amco. lr_hmamOhr S>oadUcm Amco H$s
VoWoM amh cmJco. _m VoWo Agco H$s amoO XmoZ har ~mam dmOVm CKS>mZo Am{U AZdmUr OmD$Z
lr_hmamO lrXm _{XamV dhmiH$a~wdmZr WmnZ Ho$co`m lrdm_t`m nmXwH$mda JY\y$c dmhZ òV.
gZ 1953 nmgyZ lr dhmiH$a~wdmMr nw`{VWr nmf ew&& 11, 12 cm lr_hmamOm`m oaUmXm`r
CnpWVrV _moR>m _mUmda gmOar hmoD$ cmJcr. Cgd H$mimV _{Xam`m _mJo EH$ VmnwaVo
d`nmH$Ka ~mYco Om`Mo. VoWo CgdmMm gmX hUyZ dmQ>m`Mo ~ogZmMo cmSy> V`ma Ho$co Om`Mo. `m
doir AmMmar dJao ~mocmdcoco ZgV. d`godH$ hUyZ Wm{ZH$ e|~oH$a Hw$Qw>~r`, _mVm, ^{JZr,
_wc òV AgV Am{U `m`mH$Sy>ZM cmSy> diyZ KoVco Om`Mo. _hmamO XoIaoIrgmR>r OmVrZo hOa
AgV. "cmSy> MmJcm _moR>m, KgKerV AmH$mamMm ~Zdm' Ago Vo gdmZm gmJV Agm`Mo. Cgdm`m
doir dmQ>co OmUmao ho _moR>_moR>o cmSy> hm `m doir _moR>m AmH$fUmMm {df` Agm`Mm. JmoaJ[a~m`m
_wIr `m {Z{_mmZo H$mhr JmoS> cmJmdo hrM `m _mJMr lr_hmamOmMr ^mdZm !
nw`{VWr{Z{_m gwdmVrcm H$mhr df} {MniyUMo lr. H$Um~wdm Ho$iH$a Am{U aZm{JarMo
lr. {_amer~wdm `mMr H$sVZo hmoV AgV. Cgd H$mimV H$mH$S> AmaVr, cKwm{^foH$, lm{dYr,
nyOm, dMZ, ÔZ, _hmgmX Ago H$m`H$_ hmoV. n{h`m {Xder H$sVZmZVa cmSy> dmQ>co OmV.
gmXmgmR>r A\$mQ> JXu hmoV Ago. lr grVmam_~wdm g_m{Y_{XamV amh cmJ`mda lrXod Xm
_{Xam_mUoM òWohr H$mH$S> AmaVr, nyOm, nMnXr Ago H$m`H$_ {Z`{_VnUo hmoD$ cmJco.
lr_hmamOgwm dmadma gmdS>mcm g_m{Y_{XamV òD$Z gd `dWoH$S>o ~maH$mBZo cj XoD$Z ho
gWmZ {Xdg|{Xdg C{OVmdWoV ò`mgmR>r PQy> cmJco. A{V_ ôQ>r`m doir ""Vw{Pò X`r Iao &
{Z` g_mYr WmZ _mPo &'' Ago lr dhmiH$a~wdm lr_hmamOmZm hUmco hmoVo. lr_hmamOmZrhr
""_mPo X`r g_mYrWmZ & {Z` gX>Jw$ {XJ~amMo '' Ago hQ>co hmoVo. naVw gdgm_m` ggmar
OZmg_moa Amn`m gXJw$Mr gJwU gmH$ma g_mYr C^r H$$Z lr_hmamOmZr `mZmhr ^[$_mJmMr
H$dmS>o Iwcr H$$Z {Xcr.
naVw hm Ho$di lr_hmamOm`m H$m`mMm lrJUoem hmoVm.
D D D
_mPo X`t.. / 41
H$aU : 6
H$m`nrMo Vramda & WmZ {Z{_co A{VgwXa &&

gmdS>mVrc lr dhmiH$a~wdm g_m{Y_{Xa ho WmZ d`nyU H$aUo, VoWrc {Z`nyOm, ~wdmMr
nw`{VWr VgoM A` Z{_{mH$ Cgd `m gdmMr EH$ H$m`_ d$nr `dWm {Z_mU H$aUo ho
lr_hmamOmMo nwT>rc C{> hmoVo. EImXo Ym{_H$ WmZ {Z_mU H$aUo \$mago H$R>rU ZgVo; naVw VoWrc
H$m` A`mhVnUo dfmZwdf} Mmcdm`Mo Agoc Va VoWo gwT> Wm nanam {Z_mU H$am`m cmJVmV.
H$m`mcm {ZanojnUo dmhZ KoVco`m H$m`H$`mMm gM C^m H$amdm cmJVmo Am{U WmZmgmR>r Amd`H$
Vmo IM ^mJoc Aer Am{WH$ VaVyX H$amdr cmJVo.
1953 gmcr lr dhmiH$a~wdmMr nw`{VWr lr dhmiH$a~wdm`m g_m{Y_{XamV H$a`mV
Amcr Am{U VohmnmgyZ lr grVmam_~wdmZm gmo~V KoD$Z lr_hmamO `m WmZm`m CH$fmgmR>r
doJdoJ`m `moOZm AmIy cmJco. 1955 `m E{c _{h`mV lr_hmamO lr.nmSw>aJamd _a~ir
`m`mg_doV Jmo`mV Joco hmoVo. lr._a~ir `mZr Jmo`mV EH$ cmoIS>mMr ImU IaoXr Ho$cr hmoVr.
_w~Bcm dmV`mcm Agco`m _a~ir `mZr `m doir nmoVwJrO A_cmImcr Agco`m Jmo`mV
lr.`moJmZX H$m_V `m lr.AUm H$m_V `m`m nwV`mgmo~V ^mJrXmarV ho YmS>g Ho$co hmoVo. `m
gX^mV lr_hmamO Jmo`mcm Joco hmoVo. `mVrc _hdmMm ^mJ Agm H$s, lr._a~ir `mZr ho gd
`mn, `mVyZ Omo ngm {_ioc Vmo gmdS>} òWrc lr_hmamOm`m {d{dY `moOZmgmR>r dmnamd`mMm, `m
CXmm hoVZy o Ho$coco hmoV.o lr.AUm H$m_Vm`m E{c 1954`m EH$m nmVrc _OHw$am_wiMo lr_hmamOm`m
`m Jmodm ôQ>rMm CcJS>m hmoVmo.
gmdS>m`m g_m{Y_{XamV hmoUm`m {d{dY H$m`H$_mZm Am{U CgdmZm lr_hmamO OmVrZo
CnpWV AgV. H$m`H$_mMo {Z`moOZ lr_hmamOM H$arV. AmO S>oadU òWo gmO`m hmoUm`m {edO`Vr
AJa A` Cgdm`m VwcZoZo `m doi`m CgdmMr `mr H$_r hmoVr, CnpWVr H$_r hmoVr. naVw Vmo
H$mi cjmV KoVm, CncY gmYZgm_Jr, _Zw`~i Am{U gmo`rgw{dYmMr pWVr nmhmVm Vo AmdmhZ
AmO`mnojmhr IS>Va hmoVo, lr_hmamOm`m EH$Xa `dWmnZ H$me`mMr H$gmoQ>r nmhmUmaoM hmoVo.
`m H$mir aVo OdiOdi ApVdmVM ZhVo. XwJdmS>r \$mQ>mnmgyZ AmV g_m{Y_{Xamn`V
ò`mgmR>r \$$ ~cJmS>r ò`mgmaImM aVm hmoVm. drO ZhVr, Chm`mV nm`mMo hmc, òUm`m
nmh`mMr amhm`mMr gmo` H$a`mgmR>r nwaoem B_maVr Zh`m. XyY-Xw^V, ^mOrnmcm Aem Jmo>r
ghOnUo CncY Zh`m. AmOH$mc gd ânya _mUmV {nedr~X XyY CncY Amhoo. hr pWVr
nmg dfmnydu ZhVr. XyY _moR>m _mUmda EH$mM {R>H$mUr {_iV Zgo.
42 && MV`gy` &&
`m doir lr_hmamO CgdmgmR>r cmJUmao XyY AmOy~mOy`m S>m|Jami ^mJmV amhmUm`m YZJamH$Sy>Z
KoV AgV. Vo XyY nmVi Agc Varhr lr_hmamO `m`mH$Sy>ZM XyY IaoXr H$am`Mo. lr_hmamO
gmJm`Mo H$s ho cmoH$ XwJ_ ^mJmV amhmVmV. XwYmMm YXm hoM `m`m CnOr{dHo$Mo EH$_od gmYZ, Vo
Jar~ AmhoV, H$>X OrdZ OJVmhoV. AmnU XyY KoD$Z `mZm WmoS>m\$ma hmV^ma cmdm`Mm.
lr_hmamOmMr {ZarjU e$s {dcjU hmoVr Am{U `mMo {dcofUhr AmJio doJio Agm`Mo. `m YZJa
O_mVr{df`r ~mocVmZm EH$Xm `mZr gm{JVco H$s hr O_mV ZmJar dVrVM gnmQ>rda amhmUmar hmoVr. H$Yr
H$mir _wgc_mZr AmH$_UmnmgyZ Amncm Y_ Am{U gH$Vr dmM{d`mgmR>r `mZr S>mJ| ami ^mJmMm Aml`
KoVcm Am{U _J Vo VoWMo a_co. ""Jmoa'o ' dJao AmS>Zmdo `m`mV M{bV AmhoV, Vr `m nyd{} Vhmgm_wio !
lr_hmamO ~moc`m`m AmoKmV Amnco _ycJm_r {ZH$f Ago ghO OmVm OmVm gmJZy OmV !
òUm`m nmh`mMm Zo_H$m AXmO H$aUo H$R>rU Am{U XyY Am``m doir {_iUo H$R>rU, hUyZ
Zoh_r ânya XyY _mJ{dco Om`Mo Am{U _J Caco`m XwYmMm M$m H$$Z eodQ>`m {Xder nmoQ>â
lrIS>mMm ~oV Agm`Mm. aZm{Jar`m eaXamd H$moH$Oo `mZm AOyZhr Vo {Xdg cI AmR>dVmV. Vo
gmJVmV H$s _hmamO AmJh H$aH$$Z lrIS> dmT>m`Mo Am{U gmaoOU AmH$R> lrIS> Im`Mo ! _m
lr_hmamOm`m H$noZo H$moUmcm H$Yr `mMm mg Pmcm Zmhr.
1957 gmcMr Jmo> Amho. lr_hmamO lr dhmiH$a~wdm`m nw`{VWr Cgdm`m nydV `margmR>r
gmdS>mcm {ZKmco hmoV.o gmo~V CgdmgmR>r cmJUmao gm_mZ IaoXr H$$Z KoVco hmoV.o `m gm_mZmV
_moR>m gVa`m hmo`m. d`nmH$mMr chmZ _moR>r ^mS>r hmoVr, gmdS>mV drO Zmhr hUyZ KoVco`m Mma
noQ>m _o g ~`m hmo`m. gmdS>mcm Zgco`m, Z {_iUm`m naVw CgdmgmR>r Amd`H$ Aem dVy Jmoim
H$$Z lr_hmamO gmdS>mcm {ZKmco; Vohm gmo~V EH$Xa "\$$' ~oMmirg ~moOo hmoVo ! gm_mZ KoD$Z
lr_hmamO ^mD$`m Y`mda {ZKmco, Vohm _w~ BV AemV dmVmdaUm_wio gMma~Xr cmJy hmoVr. lr.~mUmdcr
ho nmocrg Im`mVM ZmoH$arcm hmoV;o `m_wio `mZr ~amo~a òD$Z lr_hmamOmZm ~moQ>rV ~gdyZ {Xco.
lr_hmamO ~moQ>rZo aZm{Jar ~XamV Amco. ~moQ> Y`mcm cmJV Zgo. g_wmV Imoc nm`mVM ~moQ>r
Wm~V Am{U _J "nS>md' Zm_H$ ngaQ> N>mQo >m hmoS>rVyZ gm_mZ Am{U dmgr `mZm aZm{Jar`m Y`mda
AmUco OmB. ~Xamdarb h_mc, _mUgo Am{U ~moOo `mZm EH$mM _mnmZo ~moQ>rVyZ CMcyZ cmQ>md a hocH$mdo
ImUm`m nS>mdmV \o$H$V AgV. hm gmam m{dS>r mUm`m_ H$$Z _hmamO aZm{Jarcm Amco Am{U VoWZy
_J JmS>rZo gmdS>mcm gmao gm_mZ KoD$Z Joc.o `m H$mir hm dmg hUOo EH$ {X`M hmoV.o A` n`m`
ZhVm hUyZM cmoH$ hm dmg Ho$di ZmBcmOmZo H$arV. Aem doir ~oMmirg AdOS> ~moOo KoD$Z hm
dmg lr_hmamO Amn`m gX>Jw $darc Am{U AJrH$V H$m`mdarc Omd` {Z>_o i
w M
o H$arV hmoV.o Oo
H$am`Mo Vo Cm_, n[anyU, H$m`_ d$nr H$am`Mo. VmnwaVo, VH$cmXy, H$m_McmD$ H$mhr H$am`Mo Zmhr;
_J `mgmR>r {H$Vrhr H$> hmodmoV, {H$Vrhr IM hmodmo AJa doi cmJmo. lr_hmamOmMo {Z`moOZ n[anyU hmoVo
H$m`nrMo Vramda.. / 43
Am{U Vo H$> Am{U {MH$mQ>r `m`m ^$_ nm`mda Cô hmoV.o

lr_hmamO, lr dhmiH$a~wdm g_m{Y_{XamV A{YH$m{YH$ JwVV OmV hmoVo, naVw lr dhmiH$a~wdmMo
OmdB lr.aKwZmW e|~oH$a Am{U lr_hmamO `m`mV Omo gwgdmX {Z_mU hm`cm hdm hmoVm Vmo XwXdmZo
Pmcm ZhVm. lrXod Xm XodWmZMr Or O_rZ hmoVr, Vr Amnco gpe` lr grVmam_~wdm `m`mH$S>o
gwnyX H$a`mEodOr `m O{_Zrg d{hdmQ>Xma hUyZ Amnco OmdB lr.aKwZmW e|~oH$a `mMo Zmd
lr dhmiH$a~wdmZr cmdco hmoVo. `m O{_ZrV 1951 gmcr lr dhmiH$a~wdmMo A`gH$ma Pmco
Am{U VoWoM 1953 gmcr N>moQ>ogo _mVr _{Xa Am{U lr dhmiH$a~wdmMo g_m{Y_{Xa Pmco. 1953
nmgyZ Xm _{XamVrc Amnco dmV`mMo {R>H$mU gmoSy>Z lr grVmam_~wdm g_m{Y_{XamV amhZ g_mYrMr
`dWm nmh cmJco. `mM_mUo eoVrdmS>rMr `dWmhr lr grVmam_~wdm nyddV nmhmV hmoVo. hm
^mJ _mJrb H$aUmV Ambm Amho.
lr_hmamOmZr n[al_nydH$ lr dhmiH$a~wdm nw`{VWr CgdmMo d$n {dVV Ho$co. lr_hmamOmZm
_mZUmao nw`m-_w~BMo VgoM aZm{Jar dJao ^mJmVrc ^$ dmT>`m gòZo {Vdfu Cgdmcm gmdS>mcm
òD$ cmJco. AmOy~mOy`m JmdmVrc _S>irhr _moR>m gòZo Cgdmcm òD$ cmJcr Am{U `m_wio
g_m{Y_{XamV òUm`m nmh`mgmR>r {ZdmgWmZ, d`nmH$Ka, ZmZJh, dN>VmJh dJago mR>r OmJm
H$_r nSy> cmJcr. Vohm `m gd gmo`r H$a`mgmR>r g_m{Y_{Xam^modVr XrS> EH$a O_rZ Amn`mcm
_`mZo (dm{fH$ R>amdrH$ Ym` Xo`m`m H$amamZo) {_imdr Agm Vmd lr_hmamOmZr d{hdmQ>Xma
lr.aKwZmW e|~Ho $a `m`mnwT>o R>do cm. naVw lr.e|~Ho $a `m Vmdmcm {~cHy$c amOr Pmco ZmhrV.
lr.aKwZmW e|~oH$a `m`m Ka naS>mVM lrXod Xm _{Xa hmoVo. VoWo Chm`mV AIoaMo XmoZ
_{hZo nm`mMr Vrd Q>MmB ^mgV Ago. `m doir VoWyZ WmoS>m Xya AVamda H$m`nr ZXrncrH$S>o
g_m{Y_{XamOdi Agco`m {d{harMo nmUr e|~oH$a Hw$Qw>~r` dmnarV. Vr O_rZ g_m{Y_{Xamg
{X`mg Vo nmUr AmnUmg dmnaVm òUma Zmhr, Aem g_OwVrZo `m Vmdmcm e|~oH$amZr {damoY
Ho$cm. `m doir gwgdmXmZo `m mda _mJ H$mT>Vm Amcm AgVm; naVw Vgo Z hmoVm 1957-58 nmgyZ
C^`njr chmZ ghmZ Hw$a~war gw$ Pm`m (n H$. 9,10; n[a{e> H$. 4). `mVM lr_hmamOmZr
lr.aKwZmW e|~oH$a `mZm Ago gwM{dco H$s, lrXod Xm XodWmZMm Q>Q> H$$Z Vmo a{OQ>a H$amdm.
Vr gyMZm H$a`m_mJo lr_hmamOmMm {dMma `mnH$ hmoVm. `m doir Oar Vr O_rZ lr grVmam_~wdm
`j eoVmV H$m_ H$$Z H$gV AgV; Var nwT>o_mJo Vr O_rZ Hw$imH$Sy>ZM H$gyZ `mdr cmJUma
hmoVr. d`mo_mZm_mUo lr grVmam_~wdmhr WH$co hmoVo. `m_wio Oa Vr O_rZ lrXod Xm XodWmZ
Q>Q>`m Zmdo cmJcr, Va gmh{OH$M Vr Hy$i H$m`m`m H$joV òUma ZhVr. lr.e|~oH$a `m
gyMZocm amOr Pmco ZmhrV. naVw XmoKm_Yrc {dgdmX _m dmT>`mg hr gyMZm H$maUr^yV Pmcr.
lr.e|~oH$a `mZr lrXod Xm XodWmZMm Q>Q> H$a`mMr lr_hmamOmMr gyMZm Ahoacr. naVw
44 && MV`gy` &&
1961 gmcr lr grVmam_~wdmgh, lr.lrnmX eH$a e|~oH$a Am{U A` 11 AOXmamZr Ver _mJUr
WoQ> M[aQ>r H${_eZa `m`mH$S>oM Ho$cr Am{U 1962 gmcrM MmH$er hmoD$Z Vmo Q>Q> a{OQ>a Pmcm.
_m hr Jmo> lr.aKwZmW e|~oH$a `mZm qH$dm `mMo Hw$Qw>~r` `m`m {~cHy$c _Zmg Amcr ZhVr.
`m_wio EH$ H$maMm Xwamdm `m`m _ZmV {Z_mU Pmcm.
naVw Varhr lr grVmam_~wdm g_m{Y_{XamVM amhmV hmoVo Am{U lr dhmiH$a~wdm nw`{VWr
Zoh_r_mUoM lr_hmamOm`m CnpWVrV `m`m _mJXeZmImcr `dpWVar`m Mmcy hmoVr. _m
AmVm Aem nana gmhmhrZ dmVmdaUmV {Xdg H$mT>Uo ho lr grVmam_~wdm`m Q>rZo \$ma H$R>rU
OmV AgUma ho lr_hmamOmZr VmS>co hmoVo Am{U hUyZM ~wdmgmR>r EH$ doJio Ka ~mYm`Mo lr_hmamOmZr
R>a{dco. lr_hmamO Am{U lr grVmam_~wdm `mMo nanamda \$ma o_ hmoVo. nanamMo d^mdhr Vgo
{^ Am{U `m_wioM nanamZm nmofH$ hmoVo. lr_hmamO ~mV: CJH$Vr Va ~wdm A{Ve` _Xy
d^mdmMo. nydu Oohm _hmamO S>oadU`m Jm_W _S>it`m \$mago n[aM`mMo ZhVo, Vohm ~wdmgmaIm
_moR>m _mUyg lr_hmamOmg_moa EdT>m X~yZ H$m dmJVmo `mMo gdgm_m` cmoH$mZm Am` dmQ>m`Mo.
lr grVmam_~wdm {Mcr_ AmoT>m`Mo. naVw `mZr H$Yrhr lr_hmamOmg_moa {Mcr_ AmoT>cr Zmhr. gd cmoH$
~wdm`m nm`mda S>mHo $o R>do m`Mo. _hmamO Aem doir VoWo Agco Va ~wdm gH$moMZy Om`Mo. _hmamO ~wdmda
amJmdco Var ~wdmZr H$Yr `wma {Xco ZmhrM, CcQ> gmao emVnUo EoHy$Z `m`Mo. `m_wio cmoH$mZm
dmQ>m`Mo H$s ho EdT>o lr_hmamOmZm Km~$Z H$m dmJVmV ! Vgo ~mocyZ XmI{dVmM lr grVmam_~wdm
hUm`Mo, ""Vo _mPr AmB AmhoV. Vo H$m` AmhoV ho Vwhmcm H$im`cm ~arM df} cmJVrc.''
lr grVmam_~wdm {_V^mfr. `mMr Or no AmO CncY AmhoV; Vrhr Aer MVH$moa H$mJXmMm
AYm^mJ KoD$Z `mda AJXr _moO`m eXmV {c{hcocr, Anmjar AmhoV. Aem grVmam_~wdmda
gJr lr_hmamO gVmnV, dm$mS>Z H$arV. nU amJ {ZdiVmM `mZm o_mZo {_R>r _m$Z hUV,
""~wdm, Vw_`m{edm` _cm Am{U _m`m{edm` Vwhmcm Xwgao H$moU Amho ?'' `m `m`m CX>JmamVM
gmao H$mhr gmR>{dcoco hmoVo Am{U hUyZM lr grVmam_~wdmgmR>r `mMo dV:Mo Ago EH$ Ka ~mYm`Mo
lr_hmamOm Z r R> a dco Am{U `mgmR> r Vo OmJm emo Y y cmJco . S> o a dU Jmd`m hrV na V w
g_m{Y_{XamOdiM Aer lr._`mgmho~ ~mnygmho~ amOo{eH}$ `mMr EH$ O_rZ hmoVr. Vr O_rZ
lr.JwOa `m`mH$S>o JhmU nS>cocr hmoVr. Vr {dH$V KoD$Z VoWo lr grVmam_~wdmgmR>r Ka ~mYmd`mg
gwdmV Pmcr. Vo 1966 qH$dm 67 gmc Agmdo. Kam`m {Z`mo{OV OmJoOdi EH$ Am`mMo PmS>
hmoVo. VoWo EH$ chmZgo _mVrMo _{Xa ~mYm`Mo R>aco Am{U H$m_mcm gwdmVXoIrc Pmcr.
`m _mVr _{XamV ~g{d`mgmR>r _mVrMr _yVu AmU`mgmR>r lr_hmamO _w~Bcm Joco.
lr dhmiH$a~wdm`m g_mYrda ~g{dcocr _mVrMr _yVu _mYd~mJoVyZ AmUcocr hmoVr. `m doir
VoWo _ZmgmaIr _yVu Z AmT>i`mZo lr.eaX _wZr lr_hmamOmZm KoD$Z _mhr_`m "{enr' Qw>{S>Amo_ò
Joco. gmo~V lr.~mUmdcr hmoVo. lr_hmamOmZr Amn`mcm H$er _yVu nm{hOo `mMr Vn{ecdma H$nZm
`m JwOamWr {enH$mamcm {Xcr. {enH$mamZo W_ _mVrMr Z_wZm_yVu V`ma Ho$cr. naVw Vr _ZmOmoJVr
Z dmQ>`mZo lr_hmamOmZr dV: hmVr _mVr KoVcr Am{U `m _yVuMm Moham VgoM H${Q>^mJ AmnUmg
hdm Vgm H$$Z KoVcm. lr_hmamOmMo ho A{V_ hVH$me` nmhZ Vmo {enH$ma W$ Pmcm Am{U
`mZo lr_hmamOm`m nm`mda S>moHo$ R>odco. nmT>`m ew^ gJ_adamMr _yVu ~Zdm`Mr hmoVr Am{U
`mcm ghO _{hZm XmoZ _{hZo cmJUma hmoVo.
_`Var`m H$mimV gmdS>mcm EH$ J^ra gJ KS>cm. lr.aKwZmW e|~oH$a `mZr Amncm
_w~Bcm amhmUmam _wcJm dmgwXod `mcm VmVS>rZo gmdS>mcm ~mocmdyZ KoVco Am{U `m`mH$Sy>Z
lr dhmiH$a~wdm`m g_m{YWir Agcoco chmZgo _mVrMo XoD$i nmSy>Z Q>mH${dco. hr Jmo> 196667 gmcr Ho$hmVar Pmcr; _m `m KQ>ZoMo AZoH$ XyaJm_r n[aUm_ Pmco. `m gJm`m doir H$moUVohr
VmH$m{cH$ H$maU Oar KS>co ZhVo; Varhr lr.e|~oH$a `mZr _mVr _{Xa nmS>`mgmaIo AmVVm`r
H$` Ho$co, Vo lr_hmamO Am{U lr grVmam_~wdm `m`m{df`r, `m`m H$m`m_mJrc hoV{w df`r _ZmV
qH$Vy {Z_mU Pm`m_wio ! nanamV _moH$im gdmX Pmcm Zmhr Am{U OohmOohm H$mhr JmdH$ar _S>it`m
ghH$m`mZo g_oQ>, VS>OmoS>rgmR>r H$mhr `Z Pmco, `mcmhr gw`mo` {VgmX {_imcm Zmhr. \$$
Jag_O, A{dmg Am{U _VôXmMo dmVmdaU {Z_mU Pmco. nwT>o WmoS>r WmoS>H$s Zho Va gw_mao 25 df} ho
ofmMo, A{dmgmMo dmVmdaU lr_hmamOm`m H$m`mcm WmoS>m\$ma J{VamoY H$arV am{hco.
_mVr _{Xa nmS>`mMr lr.e|~oH$amMr H$Vr lr_hmamOmZr A{Ve` J^ranUo KoVcr. `mZr
g_m{YWimdarc Vr dra _mVrMr _yVu Am{U AmXw~amImcrc lr grVmam_~wdmMo XodWmZ VoWyZ
CMcyZ S>ao dU`m OmJoV AmUco Am{U VoWo ZdrZ ~mYco`m _{XamV Vr _yVu {d{YdV WmnZ H$a`mV
Amcr. lr grVmam_~wdmgmR>r ~mY`mV òV Agco`m Kam`m H$m_mcmhr JVr Xo`mV Amcr. ~wdmMo ho
{Z`mo{OV Ka Am{U _mVr _{Xa lr._`mgmho~ amOo{eH}$ `m`mH$Sy>Z KoVco`m O{_ZrV S>ao dU Jmd`m
hr_ò hmoV.o lr_hmamOm`m Zmdmer S>ao dU ho Zmd AVyQ>nUo OmoS>co Joco Vo Aem arVrZo.
S>ao dU JmdmV Amn`m H$m`mMm lrJUoem H$a`mnydu lr_hmamO _aUnydH $ lrH$`n F$ft`m WmZr
OmD$Z `mMo AmerdmX KoD$Z Amco hmoV.o S>ao dU`m nydc
} m gmr ndVmMr EH$ emIm Amho. `m S>mJ| amda
EH$m XwJ_ OmJr ho H$`n F$ftMo WmZ Amho. Jwh_o ò lrXmJw$ `m nmXwH$m WmnZ Ho$co`m AmhoV Am{U
VoWMo H$m`nr ZXrMm CJ_ Amho. `m WmZr Om`cm S>ao dU JmdmVyZ XmoZ-AS>rM Vmg MT>UrMm aVm nma
H$$Z Omdo cmJVo. aVm AS>MUrMm Am{U AdKS> Amho. Wm{ZH$ cmoH$ `m WmZmbm ""H$mn`m~wdm''
hUVmV. lr_hmamO Am{U lr.Ym|S>~mamd JwOa Ago XmoKo `m XwJ_ {R>H$mUr MmcV Joco. lr_hmamOmZr
hmVôQ>rMm Zmai lrH$`n F$ftZm AnU Ho$cm Am{U lr grVmam_~wdm`m Kam`m H$m_mcm gwdmV
H$arV Ag`mMo gmJyZ mWZm Ho$cr. `mM doir ^{d`H$mimV gmH$ma H$a`m`m H$moU`m ^`{X`
46 && MV`gy` &&
H$nmMr _whV_oT> AmnU amodrV AmhmoV `mMm Cma _hmamOmZr Ho$cm Zgoc; nU _Zmo_Z lrH$`n
F$ftg_moa Amnco gH$n _mS>co AgVrcM. ho WmZ lr_hmamOmZm AmdS>co Agmdo; H$maU nwT>o
nwhm EH$Xm lr_hmamO YZJadmS>rVrc ~|S>m `m N>moQ>m _wcmcm KoD$Z VoWo Joco hmoVo (lr_hmamOm`m
ghdmgm_wio hm ~|S>m Am`w`â {Z`gZr amhZ `mZo Amncm ggma gwImMm Ho$cm).
lr grVmam_~wdm`m KamMo H$m_ gw$ AgVmZmM _mK ew && 1 eH$ 1890; e{Zdma, {X.18.1.1969
amoOr Xwnmar 1 dmOVm lr grVmam_~wdmZr Xoh R>odcm. lr_hmamO `m doir _w~B òWo lr.n{S>V
`m`mH$S>o _w$m_mcm hmoVo. dm g_OVmM lr_hmamO gmo~V 9-10 ^$_S>ir VgoM A`gH$mamgmR>r
nwamo{hV dJa|Zm KoD$Z XmoZ ImgJr JmS>mZr amm 10 dmOVm _w~BhZ {ZKmco Am{U a{ddmar nhmQ>o
gmS>onmM dmOVm S>oadUcm Amco. A`gH$mam`m doir S>oadU, Hw$S>n Aem AmOy~mOy`m JmdmVrc
AZoH$ cmoH$ hOa hmoVo. gd lr._`mgmho~ amOo{eH}$, Anm _mo{hao, grVmam_~mny {MZmoiH$a amOo{eH}$,
{edmOr _m_m _hmS>rH$, Ym|S>~mamd JwOa, O`mUm JwOa, S>oadUMo ganM eH$aamd JwOa, Xmmo~m
MhmU, em_^mD$ H$X_ Ago {V{>V Am{U lr grVmam_~wdmda Anma lm AgUmao cmoH$ m_w`mZo
Amco hmoVo. Hw$S>nhZ lr.Ho$edeoQ> OmYd Amncr ÔZ-_S>ir KoD$Z Amco hmoVo.
A{gH$ma hmo`mnydu lr_hmamOmZr lr grVmam_~wdmMo H$m` nwT>o Mmcy R>od`mgmR>r lrgV
grVmam_~wdm dmcmdcH$a M[aQ>o~c Q>Q>Mr WmnZm Ho$cr. `m doirM `m H$mJXnmda 100-125
cmoH$m`m gm hmoD$Z nwT>o 17 Owc 1969 amoOr Q>Q> Y_mXm` Am`w$mH$S>o Zm|X{d`mV Amcm.
lr grVmam_~wdm`m nm{Wdmda, _mVr _{Xa Am{U `mMo ~mYH$m_ Mmcy Agcoco Ka `m`mZOrH$
g_moarc ~mOyg A{gH$ma H$a`mV Amco. lr grVmam_~wdmMo H$m` nyU Pm`mda Voam`m {XderM
`mMr d`nmH$mMr ^mS>r dJao S>oadU`m Z`m KamV hb{d`mV Ambr Am{U lr dhmiH$a~wdm`m
g_m{Y_{XamMm Vm~m lr.dmgwXod e|~oH$a `mZr KoVbm. lr grVmam_~wdmMo A`gH$ma Pmbo `mM
OmJr `mMr g_mYr 1972 _ò ~mYyZ nyU H$a`mV Amcr. `m g_m{Y_{Xam`m AM}`m doir
lrgV JJZ{Jar _hmamO, lrgV Hw$dioH$a _hmamO (Xod$I) Am{U lrgV H$mH$m H$maImZrg
_hmamO AmdOyZ CnpWV hmoVo.
`m doir _w~B, nwUo, aZm{Jar VgoM A` JmdmhZ AZoH$ ^$JU CnpWV hmoVo. _m S>oadU
n[agamMm H$m`mnmcQ> H$aUm`m EH$m \$ma _moR>m Am`mp_H$ Am{U gm_m{OH$ H$m`mMr hr gwdmV
Amho, ho `m doir \$ma WmoS>m cmoH$mZm OmUdco Agoc. Iw S>ao dUdm{g`mZmgwm `mMr ZrQ>er Mmhc
cmJcocr ZhVr. {Z`VrZo, ^{d`mV gmH$ma hmoUm`m nw`mVrc lr~m~m`m WmZm~amo~aM `mhr
WmZmMr O~m~Xmar lr_hmamOm`m Immda gmon{dcr hmoVr Am{U lr_hmamO, gXJw $ `m nw`mVrc
WmZm_mUoM, ^JdmZ naewam_m`m ^y_rV WmnZ Ho$bobo ho WmZ _moR>o H$a`mgmR>r gm Pmco hmoV.o
D D D
H$aU : 7
hUVr Jw `mcm & Mmc{d gmXm` Anwcm &&

gZ 1929-30`m Xa`mZ nw`mV lrgX>Jw$ ~m~mH$Sy>Z AZwJh {_im`mda lr_hmamO VmnmZo
AmOmar nSy>Z Kar Amco. `mZVa nmo_|S>r, gmo_oa, H$`mU, XmXa Aem doJdoJ`m {R>H$mUr dmV`
H$$Z lr_hmamO 1946 gmcr aZm{Jarcm Amco. _m `m XrK H$mcmdYrV `mMm Amn`m gXJw$er
H$m`_ gnH$ hmoVm. ""OoWo OmVmo VoWo Vy _mPm gmJmVr'' `m ^mdZoZo Amnco H$m` H$moR>ohr Mmccoco
Agco Var ""gd gX>Jw$gr H$am {ZdoXZ& gVmofr OrdZ VoUo hmo` &'' Ago gmJUmao lr_hmamO dmadma
nw`mcm ~m~m`m XeZmgmR>r Var òV hmoVo qH$dm nmVyZ gd H$mhr ~m~m`m MaUr $Oy H$arV hmoVo.
gZ 1951-52 nmgyZ gmdS>m`m lr dhmiH$a~wdm`m g_m{Y_{Xam`m H$m_mMm `mn dmT>cm
hmoVm. Varhr gXJw$ ~m~m _hmamOmH$S>o lr_hmamO dmadma XeZmgmR>r Ymd KoV hmoVo. EH$Xm AgoM
XeZmcm Amco AgVm lr_hmamOm`m hmVmda lr~m~mZr Mma H$hoarMr \w$co gmX hUyZ R>odcr.
lr_hmamOmZr Vmo gmX VH$mi JhU Ho$cm. lr~m~m hUmco, ""Aao {dR>mo~m, ho Vy H$m` Ho$cog ?
H$hoarMr \w$co {dfmar AgVmV. \w$co Im`mH$aVm {Xcr ZhVr. ~ao, Agy Xo ! AmVm VwnmMr Am{U
_moamd`mMr ~aUr AmVyZ KoD$Z ò.'' lrgXJw$ ~m~mZr lr_hmamOmZm ânya Vyn Am{U _moamdim
Im`cm {Xcm Am{U dV:hr WmoS>mgm Imm.
EH$Xm lr_hmamOmZm `mZr Mma _mUgmZm nwaoc EdT>m H$mXm KmVcocm \$moS>UrMm ^mV Im`cm
{Xcm. `m {Xder EH$mXer hmoVr. lr_hmamO EH$mXerMm Cndmg Zoh_r H$arV AgV. Vo ~m~mZm
hUmco, ""AmO _mPm EH$mXerMm Cndmg Amho.'' lr~m~m hUmco, ""Ag hUVmog ? R>rH$ Amho !
VarnU Vmo ^mV gnd !'' lr_hmamO VodT>mV XeZmgmR>r VoWo Amco`m H$moUm ^$mcm `mVrc ^mV
XoD$ cmJco Va lr~m~m `m _mUgmcm _ZmB H$$Z VoWyZ {nQ>miyZ cmdrV. AIoa Vmo gd ^mV
lr_hmamOmZr H$gm~gm gndcm. `mMm mg Va Pmcm ZmhrM, naVw JwAmkm _mU _mZ`m_wio
EH$mXerMo dVhr ghO gmYco Joco.
{X. 9.2.1949 amoOr lr~m~mZr _hmamOmZm aZm{Jarcm nmR>{dco`m nmV EH$ gyMH$ dm`
Amho, ""JwOamWr nMmJmV H$cH$s AdVma 1 AmJQ> 1953 BgdrgZ n`V Amho.'' hm gHo$V
lr~m~mZr Amncm AdVma g_mrMm H$mi Odi Amcm Amho ho XmI{d`mgmR>r Ho$cm hmoVm. gZ
1951 nmgyZ lr~m~m`m ~moc`mV dmadma Ago CoI òD$ cmJco. 1951 gmcrM lr_hmamOmZm
{c{hco`m EH$m nmV Va lr~m~mZr Amncm _ZmoX` gwn> eXmV {c{hcm hmoVm. `m nmV `mZr
lr_hmamOmZm {dMmaco hmoV,o ""nw`mV EH$ Ka KoD$Z Vy _mPm gm^mi H$aerc H$m ?'' gZ 1953`m
48 && MV`gy` &&
EH$ AmJQ>`m _àmr ~mam dmOyZ A>mdrg {_{ZQ|> hr doi lr~m~m _hmamOmZr Xoh`mJmgmR>r
{Z{V Ho$cr hmoVr.
"Vmo' {Xdg Odi òD$ cmJcm Ver lr_hmamOm`m _ZmV MS> AdWVm {Z_mU Pmcr.
{dfUVm XmQ>cr, _ZpWVr A`V ApWa Pmcr.
lrgXJwd$n {X$mcmVrV & Amho A_mn Am{U AZV &
{OJVmMm dmh {Z` & Mmco V`m`m gmoZo &&
Ago {c{hUmao lr_hmamO lr~m~m`m {d`moJm`m MmhycrZo _m dV:M Xw:Ir H$>r Pmco. `mZr
nw`mcm OmD$Z lr~m~mZm gmH$S>o Kmcm`Mo R>adco. lr~m~mZm Amncm Xoh`mJmMm {Z` ~Xcm`cm
cmdm`Mm Am{U ho Oa e` hmoUma Zgoc Va lr~m~m`m AmYrM AmnU Xoh`mJ H$$Z `m OJmVyZ
{ZKyZ Om`Mo Agm {Z` H$$Z lr_hmamO nw`mcm Om`mMr V`mar H$$ cmJco. H$moUVrhr Jmo>
H$am`Mr R>adcr H$s lr_hmamO Vm~S>Vmo~ Amn`m gd e$s EH$dQy>Z `m Jmo>r`m nyVVogmR>r
H$m_mcm cmJV. `m doir `mMo XodWmZ ImZycm lr.ImS>oH$amH$S>o hmoVo. VoWrc Am{U aZm{Jar
òWrc gd `dWm `mZr cmdcr. ""naV Amcmo Va nwhm Amncr ôQ>, A`Wm hm _mPm AIoaMm
Z_H$ma !'' Ago gdmZm gmJyZ {X. 28 OyZ 1953 amoOr lr_hmamOmZr nw`mH$S>o WmZ R>odco.
gH$Q>o ghgm EH$Q>r òV ZmhrV. lr_hmamO {ZKmco Am{U _wgiYma nmD$g gw$ Pmcm. Am~m
KmQ>mV XaS>r H$mogi`m. XmoZ {Xdg lr_hmamO KmQ>mV AS>Hy$Z nS>co hmoVo. AIoa S>mo`mda gm_mZ
KoD$Z {MIc VwS>dV nm`rM lr_hmamO H$mohmnyacm nmohmoMco. H$mohmnyacm lr_hmamOmZr OJX~o`m
_{XamV OmD$Z {VMr H$$Um ^mH$cr. Amncr _ZmoH$m_Zm nyU H$a hUyZ nwhmnwhm {dZdUr Ho$cr
Am{U nw`mcm OmUm`m aodo JmS>rZo {ZKmco. gX>Jw$ OUy narjmM KoV hmoVo. gmVmam amoS> òWo
_mcJmS>rcm Pmco`m AnKmVm_wio _mJ ~X Pmcocm hmoVm. gXJw$ XeZmgmR>r Vi_iUm`m
lr_hmamOmZm EH$EH$ jU `wJmgmaIm dmQ>V hmoVm. AIoarg gX>JwH$noZo lr_hmamO V~c gmV
{XdgmZr hUOo 4 Owc 1953 amoOr Xwnmar XrS> dmOVm nw`mg òD$Z XmIc Pmco.
Jw$H$noZ|Mr Omhcm dmg & nmhr narjog Jwam`m &&
VoUoMr {Z{_cr gH$Q>o _mJmV & nhmd`m {Mm {d>cmMo &&
^`H$Vm Am{U VmoMr ^`hVm & V`mMm VdVm Ioi gmam &&
Ago `m gJmMo dUZ lr_hmamOmZr Amn`m "{e`mhH$maJhU' `m Am`mZmV Ho$co Amho. gd
gm_mZgw_mZ AmR>ò `m`m Kar R>odyZ, ZmZ ^moOZ AmQ>monyZ lr_hmamO Xwnmar gmS>oVrZ dmOVm`m
gw_mamg lr~m~m`m XeZmgmR>r Yw_mi {~pS>J_ò Amco. lr~m~mgmR>r lr_hmamOmZr `mKM_
AmUco hmoVo, dXZ H$$Z Vo `mZr lr~m~m`m MaUr AnU Ho$co. ""dmgmV \$ma mg Pmcm Zm ?
AmVm {ZdmV ~g !'' lr~m~m hgyZ hUmco. naVw lr_hmamO {ZdmV ~gm`cm WmoS>oM Amco
hUVr Jw `mbm.. / 49
hmoVo ? H$mhr doi OmD$ {X`mda lr_hmamOmZr {df`mcm Vm|S> \$moS>co, ""EH$ AmJQ> 1953 amoOr
H$cr gnUma Am{U AmnU `mM {Xder Xoh gmoS>Uma Ago hUVm. EdT>r KmB H$emgmR>r ? Amn`m
nmR>r Amhmcm H$moU Amho ? AmnUmg Amhr mg XoVmo hUyZ H$Q>micmV H$m ?''
AmVm Amhmgr Xoh gmoS>Uo Amd`H$ & nwT>rc H$m` Imoi~co XoI &
{dH$mOr AdVma gwaoI & YaUo Ago Amhmgr &&
Ago gmJyZ "òH$mcm H$YrVar hm Xoh gmoS>mdmM cmJVmo. Vy Xw:I H$$ ZH$mog' Aem eXmV
lr~m~mZr lr_hmamOmZm g_Omdco.
lr_hmamO hUmco, ""Vgo Agoc Va Vw_`m AmYr _rM hm Xoh gmoS>Vmo !'' `mda lr~m~m
gVmnco, lr_hmamOmZm hUmco, ""Vy _yI Amhog H$m ? Vwcm AOyZ ~aoM H$m` H$am`Mo Amho. ^cVm
h> Y$ ZH$mo !'' hm dmX ghm-gmV {Xdg Mmcy hmoVm. lr_hmamO lr~m~m`m nm`mer YaUo Y$ZM
~gcoco hmoVo. `mMo _mJUo EH$M hmoVo. A` H$moU`m {df`mda ~mocUo hmoVM ZhVo. ~m~mhr Amncm
{Z` _moS>m`cm V`ma ZhVo. AIoarg lr_hmamOmZr {ZdmUrMo A H$mT>co. ""AmnU Amncm
{Z` gmoS>rV Zmhr, Vohm AmnU `m OJmV Zmhr VoWo Amhmcmhr amhmUo Zmhr. A`mJ H$$Z _r
Amn`m nm`merM Xoh`mJ H$aVmo,'' Ago lr_hmamO ~moc`mda, `mMm ew ^md, {Zgr_ o_
nmhZ AV:H$aUmV X`m Cn hmoD$Z lr~m~mZr {dMmaco, ""~moc, {H$Vr {Xdg amh ?'' lr_hmamO
lr~m~mZrM {Z_mU Ho$co`m _mò`m AYrZ hmoD$Z MQ>H$Z ~mocyZ Joco, ""{ZXmZ EH$ df Var
amhm !'' Am{U lr~m~m qH${MV p_V H$arV "VWmVw' hUmco. lr_hmamOmZm AVrd AmZX Pmcm.
`mM~amo~a "EH$ df' ho eX Amn`m _wImVyZ Joco hUyZ Xw:Ihr Pmco. naVw Vmo gmam gX>Jw$Mm
Ioi hmoVm.
gXJw$Zr AmmgZ {Xco Varhr lr_hmamOmZr nw`mVrc _w$m_ hcdcm ZhVm Am{U EH$
AmJQ>n`V hc{d`mMm {dMmahr ZhVm. {Z`Zo_mZo Yw_mi {~pS>J_ò òD$Z Jwg_wI {dZ_
hmoD$Z Cô amhm`mMm H$_ MmcyM hmoVm.
Am{U AMmZH$ EH$ {Xdg {dcjU KS>co ! Vr OwcMr 24 VmarI hmoVr. lr_hmamO Zoh_r_mUo
~m~m`m XeZmcm Joco hmoVo. lr~m~mZr lr_hmamOmZm Odi ~mocmdco. `mMm COdm hmV lr~m~mZr
dMZ KoV`m_mUo Amn`m CO`m hmVmda nmcWm R>odyZ KoVcm, `mda Amncm S>mdm hmV T>nUo
R>odyZ Vo {dcjU AmdoJnyU damV hUmco, ""{dR>mo~m, AmOnmgyZ VwPm gd AhH$ma _r KoVcm
~a ! doN>oZo KoVcm ! AmVm Vwcm H$emMmhr {dMma H$aUo Zmhr. VwPo gd H$mhr BV:na _rM H$aUma
Amho ho `mZmV Ya !'' lr~m~mZr `m doir lr_hmamOmZm AZoH$ Jmo>r gm{JV`m. Jw$nXoem`m doir
gw$ Pmcocr, gXJw$Zr {e`mMm drH$ma H$a`mMr {H$`m `m {Xder nyUdmg nmdcr.
`mZVa XmoZM {XdgmZr hUOo 26 Owc 1953 amoOr lr_hmamOmZr lr~m~mMr fmoS>emonMmao nyOm
50 && MV`gy` &&
Ho$cr. `m doir lr_hmamOmMr ^mdmdWm Amn`m gX>Jw$`m MaUr BVH$s aJyZ Jocr hmoVr H$s
lr_hmamO Amn`m ZH$iVM nyOoMo EH$EH$ CnMma nma nmS>rV hmoVo Am{U nyOoMm EH$EH$ CnMma
lr~m~m OmUrdnydH$ XohpWVrda amhZ `m`mH$Sy>Z H$adyZ KoV hmoVo. nyOm{dYr nyU hmoVmM lr~m~mZr
Amn`m J`mVrc Jwcm~mMm hma Amn`m hmVmZo lr_hmamOm`m J`mV KmVcm. dV:Mr On_mi
Am{U lrAmBgmho~ (gm.XwJmVmB) `mMm \$moQ>mo {Xcm. `mM_mUo dV:`m hmVmVrc gn_wIr AJR>r
Am{U dio lr_hmamOm`m CO`m hmVm`m VOZrV, Jw$`m ~moQ>mV KmVco Am{U hUmco, ""Jw$`m
~moQ>mVrc AJR>r Jw$`m ~moQ>mV KmVcr.'' lr_hmamO ho lrgX>Jw$ ~rS>H$a _hmamOmMoM AdVma
AmhoV; Vohm `mZr {Xcocr AJR>r nwhm _r `m`mMH$S>o gwnyX Ho$cr Agm ^md lr~m~mZr Amn`m
~moc`mVyZ n>nUo `$ Ho$cm.
lr~m~mZr Amn`m Imocr~mhoa cmdcocr ""{edZm_ Wmoa eH$a Zm_gwYm & YmVm `Wm
nyd_H$n`V &'' hr nmQ>r H$mT>`mg gm{JVcr. `m nmQ>rMm AW OmUyZ, `m {XdgmnmgyZ lr_hmamOmZr
lr~rS>H$a _hmamO _R>mV eH$amda m{^foH$ gw$ Ho$cm. gd ^$OZmZm {edZm_mMm On H$a`mMo
AmdmhZ Ho$co. dV:hr AmamYZm gw$ Ho$cr. AOyZhr lr~m~m AYyZ_YyZ "_r OmUma' Ago hUV.
`m_wio _ZmVrc H$miOr nyUnUo Jocr ZhVr. 31 Owccm XeZmgmR>r ~m~mH$S>o _mUgmMr arK
cmJcr hmoVr. 31 Owc`m amr lr~rS>H$a _hmamO _R>mV lr_hmamOm`m AmdmhZmZwgma {ZH$Q>Mo
^$, godH$ Ago gdOU A{Ve` VUmdJV _ZmZo O_co hmoVo. `m doir AZoH$mZm doJdoJio AZw^d
Amco. lr_hmamOmZm Ago {Xgco H$s, lr{edeH$a, lrXmAdYyV na_mZX ho lr~m~m`m {ZH$Q>,
{X` VoOmZo VinV `mMo ajU H$arV Cô AmhoV. _`yMo nme naVdyZ cmdrV AmhoV. eodQ>r
KS>mimV 12.30Mm Q>mocm nS>cm Am{U AmVm gH$Q> Q>ico hUyZ gdmZr {Zmg gmoS>cm.
amr 12.30 ZVa lr_hmamO Am{U lr.H$mio ho lr~m~mMo godH$ ^$, Ago XmoKoOU lr~m~m`m
Kar Joco. Xma dmOd`mda Iw ~m~mZrM Xma CKS>co. XmamV lr~m~m A`V g _woZo Cô hmoVo.
`m doir Vo gmjmV dm_r g_WM ^mgV hmoVo. `mZr AmqcJZmgmR>r hmV ng$Z lr.H$mio `mZm
~mocmdco. naVw H$mio gH$moMyZ ~mOyg gaco Am{U Am`w`mVrc _hV^m`m`m jUmcm _wH$co.
lr~m~mZr lr_hmamOmZm nwT>o hmoD$Z AmqcJZ {Xco Am{U `mZm hUmco, ""ho Ago hmoUma ho _cm
_mhrV hmoVo Am{U hUyZM _r Vwcm ~mocmdcm hmoVm. "Vmo' AmVm H$m`_Mm ~mOycm gacm !'' `m {X`
AmqcJZmZo lr_hmamOmZm lr~m~mZr Amn`m nyU H$noMm EH$_od A{YH$mar Ho$co ! lr_hmamO `m
jUr Y`Y` Pmco !
`m ôQ>rZVa amr 1 dmOVm lr_hmamO H$mio `m`mg_doV `m`m Kar Joc.o VoWo gXJw $ lr~m~m
Am{U gm.XwJmVmB `m`m \$moQ>mM
o r WmnZm H$$Z `mMr nyOm Ho$cr. gd CnpWV _S>itZm gmIa dmQy>Z
gH$Q> Q>i`mMm AmZX `$ H$a`mV Amcm. ZVa gdOU AmZXmZo Amnmn`m Kar {ZKyZ Joc.o
hUVr Jw `mbm.. / 51
Xwg`m {Xder gH$mirM lr_hmamO Am{U `mMo Jw~Yy lr.nmSw>aJamd _a~ir noT>o, hma dJao
KoD$Z lr~m~m`m XeZmgmR>r Joco. lr_hmamOmZr lr~m~mMo nyOZ H$$Z `mZm dXZ Ho$co.
lr~m~m J_VrZo lr_hmamOmZm hUmco, ""Aao {dR>mo~m, Am_`m Om`mMr VmarI EH$ ZhVr
~a ! Vr XmoZ VmarI hmoVr ! AmO Amhr OmUma !'' lr_hmamO H$idiyZ hUmco, ""lrJwXod, AmVm
W>m H$$ ZH$m, ZmhrVa _r nwhm AZw>mZmcm ~gVmo !''
~m~m hgyZ hUmco, ""ZH$mo ZH$mo {dR>mo~m ! Amhr AmVm dfâ OmV Zmhr. _m `m dfâmV VwPr
aZm{JarMr gd H$m_o CaHy$Z Ko ! Amkm hmoBn`V nwhm BH$S>o {\$aHy$ ZH$mog, H$maU Vwcm nanaoMo H$m_
nwT>o `m`Mo Amho Am{U hr lrgX>Jw$ ~rS>H$a _hmamOmMr Amkm Amho !''
lr_hmamOmZr XmAdYyV nWm`m Wo_mUo lr~m~mOdi `m`m nmXwH$m {_im`mV Aer
mWZm Ho$cr. lr~m~mZr `mZm gm{JVco H$s Vy _w~Bcm OmD$Z nmXwH$m KoD$Z ò Am{U òVmZm _w~mXodr
_{XamV OmD$Z _w~mXodrcm `m XmIdyZ KoD$Z ò.
nwT>rc XmoZ-VrZ {XdgmVM _w~Bcm lr.JUnVamd ZmBH$ `m`m Kar lrdm_r g_WmMr {M
{V_m ~g{d`mMm H$m`H$_ hmoVm (lr.ZmBH$ `m`m Kar lrdm_r g_WmZr `mZm {Xco`m M_nmXwH$m
hmo`m. `mMr {Z`nyOm hmoV Ago). ho {M lr.nmSw>aJamd _a~ir `mZrM {Xbo hmoVo Am{U Vo
lr.MeoIa ZmS>H$Uu `mZr H$mT>bo hmoVo. lr.ZmBH$ `mMr Aer BN>m hmoVr H$s lr~m~m`m hVoM
`m {MmMo AZmdaU hmdo. naVw H$Vr WmoS>r jrU Pm`m_wio lr~m~mZm _w~BMm dmg PonUo e`
ZhVo. lr~m~mZr hr O~m~Xmar lr_hmamOmda gmondcr. lr_hmamO Am{U lr.nmSw>aJamd _a~ir
`mgmR>r _w~Bcm Joco (n H$. 11, n[a{e> H$. 4).
lr_hmamOmZr JwAmko_mUo lrdm_r g_WmMo {M WmnZ H$$Z nrR> CKS>o Ho$co. `m g_ma^mg
lrgV Ho$gH$a _hmamO hohr Amco hmoVo. gd g_ma^ CgmhmV Am{U AmZXmV nma nS>cm. Mma-nmMeo
cmoH$ CnpWV hmoVo.
`mZVa lr_hmamOmZr _mYd~mJoV OmD$Z {egdr cmH$S>m`m nmXwH$m IaoXr Ho$`m. lrJwAmko_mUo
_w~ mXodr`m _{XamV `m nmXwH$m R>do Zy mWZm Ho$cr. `m doir XodrZo lr_hmamOmZm gmjmH$mar XeZ
{Xco.
nw`mcm Am`mda lr_hmamOmZr `m nmXwH$m EH$m gmo_dmar lr~m~mZm AnU Ho$`m. `m doir
lr_hmamOmZr lr~m~mMr `WmgmJ nyOm Ho$cr. `mZm `Wme$s d AnU Ho$co. lr~m~mMr AmaVr
H$$Z noT>mMm Zdo XmI{dcm. hr nyOm hmoBn`V lr~m~m `m nmXwH$m nm`mV KmcyZ ~gco hmoVo.
AIoarg lr_hmamOmZr lr~m~mZm _Zmo^mdo gm>mJ Z_H$ma KmVcm. `mZVa lr~m~mZr `m nmXwH$m
lr_hmamOmZm {X`m.
ho gmao ZmQ> KSy>Z Joco; naVw lr~m~m`m ^mdr {d`moJm`m H$nZoZo lr_hmamO {I _ZpWVrV
52 && MV`gy` &&
hmoVo. `mMr hr H$>r AdWm nmhZ lr~m~mZr lr.XmVma Am{U lr.jragmJa `m Amn`m XmoZ
^$mg_doV `mZm Ho$S>Jmdcm nmR>dco. lr ZmamÙ _hmamO Ho$S>JmdH$a `m`m {e`mZr lr_hmamOmMo
AmZXmZo dmJV Ho$co. lr_hmamOmZm lr ZmamÙ _hmamOm`m AmgZmda ~gdyZ VoWrc ^$mZr
`m`m{df`r AmXa Xe{dcm. VoWrc Xm _{Xamcm X{jUm KmcVmZm lr_hmamOmZr dmQ>oda
AmXw~am`m PmS>mda VrZ nmonQ> EH$_oH$meoOmar ~gcoco nm{hco. Ho$S>Jmdcmhr _Z Z a_`m_wio
lr_hmamO nw`mcm Amco. lr~m~m hUmco, ""lrXmmo`mZrM Vwcm nmonQ>m`m $nmZo XeZ {Xco.''
Ho$S>Jmd ZVa ho {VKoOU cmoUmdim òWo dm_r Hw$dc`mZX `m`m ôQ>rgmR>r H$d`Ym_mVhr OmD$Z
am{hco. _m VoWohr lr_hmamOmZm _Z:emVr {_imcr Zmhr. VoWyZ lr_hmamO nw`mcm naV ~m~mZm
ôQ>m`cm Amco Am{U ~m~m`m AmkoZwgma aZm{Jarcm naV Joco. hr lr~m~mMr gJwU d$nmVrc
AIoaMrM ôQ> R>acr !
D D D
A^J
~m, {dUw, {ed Ambo EHo$ R>m`t & Xm Xod nmht VmoMr EH$ &&
fQ>-^wO _yVu emoô Vr gwXa & {ea| VrZ Wmoa, gwXa Vr &&
_mWm OQ>m^ma, emoô `Vrda & ArMm Hw$_a Xmmo` &&
^_mH$sV H$m`m, H$mIo {g Pmoir & mZ| Vt emo^bt gJ| `m`m && 4
eI, MH$, JXm, n Vmo YarV & H$_S>by g{hV Yar XS>m &&
MaUt nmXwH$m dmOVr MQ>MQ> & d V| emo^V H$mfm`{M &&
AmX~w am Vit C^r Xm_yVu & YoZg

y r gmJmVr Kodmo{Z`m &&
Xmg hUo Xm OmUm AdYyV & MaUt XS>dV Kmby ^md| &&
&& lrgMaUmaqdXmnU_Vw &&
hUVr Jw `mbm.. / 53
H$aU : 8
lrdmgwXodmZV Pmco & d$nr crZ &&

lr~m~mMr Amkm KoD$Z lr_hmamO OS> nmdcmZr, 17 AmJQ> 1953 amoOr aZm{Jarcm naVco.
_m AdWm Oim~mhoa H$mT>co`m _mgmoirgmaIr Pmcr hmoVr. ""lr gXJwMo MaUr _Z _mPo
gdXmM ho amhmo &'' Ago gX>Jw$Zm {dZdUmao lr_hmamO Ho$di earamZoM aZm{Jarcm naVco. gXJw$Zr
`mZm aZm{Jar òWoM amhm`mMr Am{U nwT>rc Amkm hmoBn`V nw`mcm Z ò`mMr AQ> KmVcocr
hmoVr.
{X.$29 Zmoh|~a 1953 amoOr lr~m~m VrW`mogmR>r ~mhoa nS>co ""dmp_H$s'' Zo {c{h`m_mUo
am_mcm Mmcmdo cmJco Vo am_mÙ dmMVm dmMVm `mV eodQ>r am_mZo eara {dgOZ ~m`H$mo ^y_rV
JS>n Pm`mda c_Umcm am` XoD$Z `m AdVmar JwZo A`moòcm eara {dgOZ Ho$co Vohm _cm
`mZr am_ hQ>`m_wio `mVcm {H$Vdm nmQ> H$am`Mm Amho Vo nmhmUo Amho. `m gmV dfmV nwH$i
Jw_S>ir AmOmar nS>cr AmhoV. `m_wio A`mo`m, _Wwam nmhZ òUoMr BN>m Amho ....'' Aem
eXmV lr~m~mZr `m VrW`mo_mJrc Amncm hoVy WmoS>m JyT> eXmV Amn`m {e`dJmcm H$i{dcm
hmoVm.
lr~m~mZm A`moòV ea`y ZXr`m dmhmV Xoh {dg{OV H$amd`mMm hmoVm. lr~m~m ea`y`m
nm`mV CVacohr hmoVo; naVw lr~m~mZr dmhmV OoWoOoWo Omdo VoWoVoWo KmoQ>mEdT>oM nmUr Agmdo Ago
hmoD$ cmJco. eodQ>r lr~m~m gmo~V Agco`m lr.H$mi|Zm hUmco, ""ea`y H$mhr Amhmg OmJm XoV
Zmhr Ago {XgVo,'' Ago hUyZ Vo H$mi|g_doV ZmZ H$$Z H$mR>mda Amco. hr KQ>Zm {X.$12.12.1953
amoOr gH$mir gmS>oAmR> Vo ZD$`m Xa`mZ KS>cr. lr.JUoe JJmYa AmioH$a ho lr~m~mgmo~V
`mocm Joco hmoVo. {X.$13.12.1953 amoOr `mZr hr h{H$H$V lr_hmamOmZm nmZo H$i{dcr.
`mM doir gX>Jw$ lr~rS>H$a _hmamOmZr ""nw`mg OmJm Ko'' Aer Amkm Ho$cr Am{U Vr
{eagmd _mZyZ, _N>crn>U_, H$mer, _Wwam, dXmdZ, A`mo`m, OJmWnwar, `mJ AmXr
VrWWmZo nmhZ lr~m~m nw`mcm naVco. dmgm`m XJXJrZo H$Vr A`V jrU Pmcr hmoVr.
nw`mcm naV`mda {dlmVr KoV`mdahr `mV gwYmaUm Z hmoVm Vr A{YH$m{YH$ T>mgiy cmJcr.
{X. 30 _mM 1954 amoOr lr~rS>H$a _hmamOmMr nw`{VWr hmoVr. Xadfu `m {Xder lr~m~m
lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm`m _R>mV OmD$Z VoWo ~amM H$mi Wm~V AgV. lr~rS>H$a _hmamOmMm gmam
{e`n[adma VoWo òV Ago, `m_wio gdmer JmR>rôQ>r hmoV, o_mMr g^mfUo hmoV Am{U _J gmX
KoD$Z lr~m~m Kar naVV. `m Cgdm`m doir _m lr~m~mMr VòV EdT>r jrU Pmcr hmoVr H$s
54 && MV`gy` &&
lr~m~m CgdmV hOa amh eH$co ZmhrV. _m amr lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm`m nmcIrMr {_adUyH$
Yw_mi {~pS>>Jg_mo$Z OmD$ cmJcr. `m doir lr~m~m AWUmd$Z AmdoJmZo CR>co Am{U CKS>m
AJmZoM nmcIrOdi Amco. `mZr Amn`m gX>Jw$Mo S>moim ^$Z XeZ KoVco. S>mo`mVyZ Amgdo
dmhmV hmoVr. WaWa`m hmVmZr `mZr Amn`m gX>Jw$Zm dXZ Ho$co. nmcIr gmo~VMr JXu lr~m~m`m
nm`mda S>moHo$ R>od`mgmR>r YS>nS>V hmoVr. `m JXuVyZ dmQ> H$mT>rV lr~m~m Amn`m Kar naVco.
lr_hmamOmZr `m doir lr~rS>H$a _hmamO nw`{VWr ImZy òWo gmOar Ho$cr. {X.12.4.1954`m
nmV `m{df`rMm dmmV Amn`m gX>Jw$Zm H$i{dVmZm lr_hmamO {c{hVmV,""lrgXJw$
~rS>H$a_hmamOmMr nw`{VWr ImZy òWo Omhbr. XodWmZ VyV ImZygM Amho. $ d nd_mZ EH$mXUr
Omhcr. lrH$noZo gd `WmgmJ Omhc|. `mdoit XodmnwT>o Amco`m EH$Xa nemMr nò XhmMr _{ZAmS>a
_R>mV lrgV ~mnQ> _hmamO `mMoH$S>o nana nmR>{dcr Amho. lrMaUt {dXrV hmd|. amr Ama`m d
dMZ| Omhcr. gd {Xdg M[a dmMZ Omhc|. `Wme$s _S>ir gmXmcm hmoVr. lrM gd H$adyZ
KoV AmhoV.''
lr~m~mZm nw`mV ZXr`m H$mR>r EH$ OmJm hdr hmoVr. Amn`m H$mhr {e`mOdi ""_cm nog
nm{hOo, OmJm nm{hOo'' Ago Vo hUmco hmoVo. lr.IS>oamd amKmo~m dmK ZmdmMo EH$ JhW lr~m~mMo
{e` hmoVo. `mMo H$mhr cmQ>g \$`wgZ H$mcoO`m dg[VJhmOdi hmoVo. `mZr `m OmJoMm ZH$mem
lr~m~mZm XmI{dcm. Vohm `mZr ZH$memda, EH$m cmQ>da ~moQ> R>odyZ, Vmo AmnUmg ngV Amho Ago
gm{JVco. lr.dmK `mZr Zm__m 1 n`m dm{fH$ ^mS>mZo, XrK _wXVr`m H$amamZo Vmo cmQ> lr~m~mZm
{Xcm; naVw hm ^mS>on>rMm `dhma lr~m~mZm VodT>mgm `mo` dmQ>V ZhVm hUyZ Vmo {gQ>r gh}
Z. 937 S>r hm cmQ>, nwT>o ~m~m`m BN>o_mUo {X.$20.4.1954 amoOr, lr.dmK `mZr ~{jgn
H$$Z lr~m~mZm AnU Ho$cm.
gZ 1954 `m OyZ _{h`mnmgyZ lr~m~mMr VòV A{YH$M {~KS>cr. lr_hmamOmMo gmao cj
lr~m~mH$S>oM cmJcoco hmoVo. naVw nmZo MmH$er H$a`m`{V[a$ lr_hmamOm`m hmVr H$mhrM ZhVo.
`m_wio lr_hmamO dmadma no nmR>dyZ lr~m~m`m VòVr{df`rMr Amncr H$miOr `$ H$arV
hmoV.o
{X. 17.2.1954 `m nmV lr_hmamO H$idiyZ {c{hVmV, ""....lrgX>Jw _mD$crMr H$Vr
R>rH$ Zmhr Ago dmQ>Vo. Var ImUo {nUo d AmfY `mV h`J` ZH$mo. Amhm chmZ ~mcH$mg gajU d
XeZmMo o_ hdo Amho. ltZm H$mhr Amd`H$ Va H$i{dUo d ~mcH$mH$Sy>Z godm H$adyZ KoUo. gdM
Jmo>r _mD$cr H$arV AmhoV. eXr H$m` {ch .....''
lr_hmamO dmadma XeZmgmR>r ò`mMr nadmZJr _mJV hmoVo. naVw lrgX>Jw$`m _Zr H$mhr
doJioM hmoVo. {X. 1.6.1954 `m nmV lr.~m..XmVma `mZr lr_hmamOmZm H$i{dco Amho, ""Amnco
lrdmgwXodmZV.. / 55
n nmohmoMco. `m_mUo lrgX>JwZm gm{JVco. AmO `mZm H$m` {ch hUyZ {dMmaco AgVmZm
Imcrc _mUo gm{JVco "ò`mMr H$miOr H$$ ZH$m. AmhmV {VWo dW Agm ..... ''
Varhr nwhm {X. 27.7.1954 amoOr nmmao lr_hmamOmZr lrgX>Jw$Mr H$$Um ^mH$cr Amho,
"".... Jw _mD$crMr H$Vr AmO _{hZm XrS> _{hZm R>rH$ Zmhr. Var godoH$[aVm Amkm {X`mg
ò`mMr Vrd BN>m Amho d XeZmMr Vi_i Amho. Var H$nm>rZo ~mcH$mcm nadmZJr {X`mg R>rH$
hmoBc .... lr_mD$crnwT>o _wcmMo H$m` MmcUma ? Varhr ltMr BN>m Agoc `m_mUo hmoBc. naVw
g`m X{jUm`Z Amho. Amn Amhmg nwH$i XeZmMr d ghdmgmMr BN>m Vr _mD$crM nwar
H$aUma. .... earamgmR>r WmoS>r AmfYr d A KoUoM Amd`H$ Var KoUo O$a. nadmZJr {_iVmM
òVmo ....''
gX>Jw$Zr dfâ nwT>o T>H$ccocr g_m{YH$mcmMr {Z`mo{OV doi âmâ Odi òV hmoVr. _Z
qMVmVwa Pmco hmoVo. AJ{VH$ dmQ>V hmoVo. òZHo$Z H$maoU lrgX>Jw$Mm {d`moJ Q>imdm Ago dmQ>V hmoVo.
`mgmR>r gX>Jw$Zm "" .... naVw g`m X{jUm`Z Mmcy Amho ....'' Aer AmR>dU Xo`mMm Xw~im
`Z Mmcy hmoVm.
Eo{e`m Jw$_mD$crMo gJwU$n & nmhVm dmQ>o gyI A_yn &
hUmoZr mWu {ednXr, gH$n & hmdo `mgr &&
Amhm Ak ~mcmH$maUo & lrgX>Jw_yVu E|erM R>odUo &
Am{U `mYr {ZagmoZr H$aUo & Amamo` V`m &&
Aer na_oamnmer {dZdUr Mmcy hmoVr.
lr~m~mMo gd {e` A{Ve` qMVmVwa Pmco hmoVo. EImm Hw$Qw>~mV dS>rc A`dW AdWoV
AWUmda {IiyZ nS>co AgmdoV Am{U _moR>m ^mD$ H$moR>o XyaXoer AS>Hy$Z nS>cocm Agmdm, Aem
doir chmZ ^mdS>o Oer Jm|YiyZ OmVmV Am{U _moR>m ^mdmMr AmVwaVoZo dmQ> nmhmVmV VgoM H$mhrgo
{M `m doi`m lr_hmamOmZm Amco`m nmVyZ {XgVo.
{X.4.8.1954 `m nmV lrnmX c_U JmoIco `mZr {c{hco Amho, "".... lrgX>Jw$Mr H$Vr
A`V Imcmdcr AgyZ e{$nmV Pm`mgmaIo _cm An~wrcm dmQ>Vo. _r lrgX>Jw$ ~m~mH$S>o
amoO OmV hmoVmo d AOyZ OmV Amho. nU ~m~mMr AmOMr AdWm nm{hcr H$s nmoQ>mV Jc~cyZ òVo d
A{Ve` dmBQ> dmQ>Vo. Var lrgX>Jw$ _mD$ct`m VòVrcm Ho$hmnmgyZ CVma nS>oc dJao AmnU _cm
An_Vr ~mcH$mcm H$idmc Aer Amem dmQ>Vo. AmnU `m {R>H$mUr AgcmV Var BW`m n[apWVrMr
AmnUmg gnyU H$nZm Amho d AmnU gd OmUy eH$Vm. Var `mcm Cma nmR>dmc Aer BN>m _r
Amnco MaUr `$ H$aVmo...''
_w~BMo lr.{dZmW X. ^wXogmB ho lr~m~mMo Am{U lr_hmamOmMo {Zgr_ ^$ hmoVo. AmJQ>
56 && MV`gy` &&
1954`m n{h`m AmR>dS>mV lr_hmamOmZm ôQ>m`cm Vo aZm{Jarcm Joco hmoVo. lr_hmamO `m

doir A{Ve` AdW Am{U ~oMZ _ZpWVrV hmoVo. lr_hmamOmZr ^wXogmBZm gm{JVco H$s nw`mV
lr~m~m A{Ve` AmOmar AmhoV. _cm aZm{Jar gmoS>`mMr Amkm Zmhr. Vohm Vwhr nw`mcm OmD$Z
lr~m~mMo XeZ KoD$Z VoWrc gd n[apWVr `j nmhZ lr~m~m`m H$Vr{df`r _cm H$idm.
Xmamda ""XeZmcm òD$ ZH$m'' Aer nmQ>r Agoc Varhr Vwhr XadmOm hiyM CKSy>Z lr~m~mMo XeZ
`m Am{U _cm H$idm. gX>Jw$Zm ôQ>`mgmR>r lr_hmamO H$go Vi_iV hmoVo ho nm{h`m_wio
^wXogmB _w~Bbm naV OmVmZm dmQ> dmH$S>r H$$Z nw`mcm lr~m~m`m XeZmcm Joco Am{U `mZr
cJoM {X. 10.8.1954`m nmV _hmamOmZm H$i{dco, ""... _hmamO dW nS>coco hmoVo. H$mhr
~mocco dJao ZmhrV. naVw XeZ MmJco Pmco. A{Ve` H$e Pmco AmhoV. AmVm ZwgVo nmUr KoVmV Ago
lr.~mnQ>mZr gm{JVco ....''
`mZVa Ho$di gmV {XdgmZr, lmdU d MVwWu (AJmaH$s MVwWu) eH$ 1876, __WZm_
gdga, _Jidma, {X. 17.8.1954 amoOr amr 12 dmOyZ 28 {_{ZQ>mZr ({X. 18.8.1954)
lr~m~mZr Xoh`mJ H$$Z Amnco AdVma H$m` gn{dco.
lr~m~m`m JmdmoJmdr`m ^$mZm Vmam, \$moZ dJao e` `m _mJmZr H$i{d`mV Amco.
lr_hmamOmZmhr VmaoZoM ho Xw:IX dm g_Oco (Sadguru Raosaheb Niryan. Inform all. Kale).
naVw gX>Jw$`m Amko_mUo nw`mg Z Om`mMm H$R>moa {ZU` lr_hmamOmZr KoVcm Am{U Vgo VmaoZo
nw`mcm H$i{dco. lr~m~mMo A`gH$ma "{gQ>r gh} H$. 937 S>r' `m lr~m~m`m OmJodaM
H$a`mV Amco.
{X. 26 AmJQ> amoOr, Xe_{XZ {dYr, {VcmOcr dJao gd ~m~m`m OmJoVM H$a`mV Amco. `m
OmJocm VmnwaVo VmaoMo H$nmD$S> H$$Z AmV _mS>d KmcyZ VoWo gd `dWm H$a`mV Amcr hmoVr.
ZVaMo Voam`m {Xdgmn`VMo gd {dYr VgoM CXH$emV, BmÙrV ajm {dgOZ, ea`y ZXrV
ApW{dgOZ dJao gd Jmo>r {e`mZr `dpWV nma nmS>`m.
lr~m~m`m {ZdmUmZVa gmaoMOU lr_hmamOmMr nw`mV dmQ> nmhmV hmoVo. lr.~m..XmVma `mZr
lr~m~m`m g_mYrZVa Xwg`mM {Xder ({X. 19.8.1954) lr_hmamOmZm {c{hco Amho, "" ....
AmnU Ad` AmcoM nm{hOo. ~m~m gd`mnr AmhoV `mZm AmnU {dMmam Am{U nw`mg Vm~S>Vmo~
`m. AmnUmgmaIr _mUg Oa Aem doir BWo ZgVrc Va Amhr nmoamZr H$m` H$amdo. Var BH$S>o
Vm~S>Vmo~ `mdo....''
lr.^mcM ZmJoe Wmo {X. 23.8.1954 amoOr {c{hVmV, "" ... AmnU BH$S>o `mc Aer
A{Ve` Amem dmQ>V hmoVr. naVw gH$mir Amncr Vma dmMcr d Oam dmBQ> dmQ>co. nU EH$m >rZo
Agm AmZX hmoV hmoVm H$s, Amn`mnwT>o EH$ Agm AmXe Amho H$s, ltMr Amkm VVmoVV nmicr OmVo.
lrdmgwXodmZV.. / 57
`m AmXemcm ZOaog_moa R>odyZ AmnU Ago hmo`mMm `Z H$amdm Aer BN>m Amho ...''
{X.$23.8.1954 `m {XderM lr.~m..XmVma `mZr {c{hco Amho, ""Amnco AmOM n {_imco.
dmMco. AmnU òV Zmhr ho dmMyZ dmBQ> dmQ>co. JYo_m_m `mg Vgo gm{JVco. `mMm AmnUmg
Imcrc_mUo {Zamon Amho. AmnU gmXmg AmcoM nm{hOo. ZmhrVa _cm AmUmd`mg `mdo cmJoc
.....''
lr.d._.JwOa `mZr 4.9.1954`m nmV {c{hco Amho, ""... AmnU BH$S>o `mc Aer gdmMr
Imr hmoVr; naVw lrgX>JwAmkoMo Aem gJrgwm AmnU {H$Vr nmcZ Ho$coV ho nmhZ H$moUmghr EH$
H$mao gmpdH$ AmZX dmQ>`mdmMyZ amhmUma Zmhr. AmnUmg A`V mg Pmcm Agoc ho Z$sM;
naVw Amnco _ZmoY` {H$Vr namH$moQ>rg Joco Amho ho Cm_ H$mao g_OyZ òVo Am{U na_mWmV Jw$
AmkoMo nmcZ {H$Vr VnaVoZo d H$mQ>oH$moanUo H$amdo cmJVo `mMo Cm_ CXmhaU AmnU KmcyZ {XcoV
....''
lr_hmamO Oar A`gH$mam`m doir qH$dm ZVa nw`mcm Amco ZmhrV, Var lr~m~mZr `m doir
gVV Voam {Xdg lr_hmamOmZm XeZ XoD$Z `mMo cm{H$H$ Xw:I hcHo$ Ho$co. lr_hmamO lr~m~m`m
n{h`m nw`{VWrcmhr H$mhr AZno{jV AS>MU òD$Z hOa amh eH$co ZhVo. Vmo ^mJ `WmH$_ nwT>o
òBcM.
lr~m~m`m OmJoV OoWo A`gH$ma Pmco VoWo lr~m~mMo g_m{YWmZ Cô H$aUo Amd`H$ hmoVo.
`mgmR>r H$moUrVar {e`mZo nwT>mH$ma KoD$Z gd {e`mZm EH$ H$$Z EImm H$m`_d$nr gWoMr
WmnZm H$$Z, ho H$m_ H$amd`mg hdo hmoVo, H$maU `m OmJr _r 1000 df} amhmUma Amho Ago
lr~m~mM hUmco hmoVo.
""A`mo`m AmVm gd Amho. `m_wio A`moòMo d{eQ> \$$ lram_m`m AdVma g_mr_wio
Vmo lram_ `j nw`mVM amhUoMm Amho. VrM A`mo`m gdXm d Amho d `mcm ~hV df} H$mcmdYr
Amho. nw`mV Ka-~JrMm, Amdmamgh Pm`mda nwT>o BVa Jmo>tMm {dMma lrdm_r g_W AmkoZwgma
hmoBc,'' Ago lr_hmamOmZr {X. 24.11.1953`m nmV lr~m~mZm {c{hco hmoVo.
naVw lr_hmamO, lr~m~m`m `m H$m`mV ^mJ KoD$ eH$V ZhVo Am{U A` {e`JUmZr Amnmnco
AhH$ma, Jh, nydJh gmoSy>Z EH$ òD$Z H$m`mcm ma^ H$aUo _m hmoV ZhVo. g^m hmoV hmo`m,
`moOZm AmI`m OmV hmo`m; naVw `jmV O~m~Xmar CMcm`cm H$moUr nwT>o hmoV ZhVo. lr_hmamOm`m
gJhmVrc `m doiMm n`dhma dmMcm hUOo {e`_S>irVrc dMm[aH$ Jm|Yi, d`{$H$ Ah^md,
Xya>rMm A^md Am{U _wI {e`mMm ZmH$V}nUm cjmV òVmo. `m_ò _w` AS>MU hUOo `m
H$m`mgmR>r dV:Mo d`{$H$ OrdZ ~mOyg gm$Z, nyUnUo `m H$m`mV PmoHy$Z XoD$Z hm JmodYZ
CMc`mMr qh_V H$moUrM XmIdrV ZhVo. H$Xm{MV VodT>m Am_{dmg qH$dm lr~m~m{df`rMr
58 && MV`gy` &&
AZ`{Z>m `m`mOdi Zgmdr. Amn`m gnyU Am`w`mMo XmZ H$$Z, d`{$H$ BN>m, AmH$mjm,
ZmVr JmoVr, `mZm {VcmOcr XoD$ZM ho H$m_ H$am`Mo hmoVo. dV:Mo `{$d {dg{OV H$$Z ho H$aUo
Amd`H$ hmoVo Am{U Zo_Ho$ VoM H$a`mgmR>r H$moUr nwT>o hmoV ZhVo.
nw T > o ò D $ KmVco `m g ^ _ m`m, Jmo Y im`m n[apWVrMr Mmh c \$ma cdH$a hUOo
9.10.1954`m lr.JUoe JJmYa AmioH$a `m`m nmV cmJVo. Vo {c{hVmV, ""H$.lr.g.Jw.`mMo
(gXJw `mMo) AmOmarnUmV d ZVa òWo \$maM M_H$m[aH$ d dV:`m mT>r`m KQ>Zm hmoV AmhoV
`m AmnU Amn`m {X` >rZo nyUnUo OmUV AmhmM ... ''
{X. 10.11.1954 `m nmV lr.nmSw>aJamd _a~ir {c{hVmV, ""_r YmadmS>hZ òVmZm
am.am.lr.H$m`mH$S>o nw`mg CV$Z Jocmo hmoVmo. Vr gd _S>ir ZwH$VrM geJrg OmD$Z Amcr hmoVr.
H$maU gXJw$g BN>m hmoVr. Ae$s_wio Joco ZhVo hUyZ Vo gd OmD$Z Amco. {VH$S>o 3-4 nmQ>m
Pm`m AmhoV. "H$mioM H$emcm, _r gJio EH$Q>mM H$arZ' Ago OmoJioH$a ~mocVmV hUo. dmK
(cmQ> XoUmao) d ^mH$a Omoer d ^Q> ho gJio gJ`mMo Pmco nm{hOo hUo. Am~oH$a H$mi|Mo {d
hmoD$Z Xwgao H$mhr H$aUma hUo d cmJwZm .5000/- XoUo Ag`m_wio Vmo cmQ> `mZm nm{hOo hUo.
d Jwo _S>itg _R>mg OmoS>Uo d Iao `mZm Q>Q> H$$Z Vo _ZoqOJ Q>Q>r hmoUma hUo. d dV: H$mi|Zm,
gX>Jw$Mr BN>m `m_mUo gm{JVco Amho Vgo gd Vo EH$Q>mM H$aUma. H$m`mda ngm A`{dYrcm
d AmOn`V \$ma IM Ho$cm hUyZ Amamon Amho .....'' (lr._a~ir `mZm \$mago _amR>r {c{h`mMm
gamd ZhVm).
AhH$ma Am{U d`{$H$ _hdmH$mjm OmJV Pm`m_wio ^$_S>it_ò nanam{df`r _Zo H$cw{fV
hmoD$ cmJcr hmoVr. 3.1.1955 `m nmV `m{df`r lr.nmSw>aJamd _a~ir `mZr H$mhr JmoQ>r
lr_hmamOmZm H$i{d`m AmhoV. Vo {c{hVmV, "".... _r am.am.XmVmamZm Ood`mg R>oD$Z KoVco. ZVa
Vo XmXacm OmD$Z {VH$Sy>Z nZdocmg Joco. Vo gwm lr.H$mi|Mo \$maM MwH$m gmJV hmoVo. 1) A`{dYrg
lr.Iao `mZm ^mJ Ko`mg Vma H$am Ago gm{JVco hmoVo Vo BH$maco. 2) AmnUM _mcH$ `m_mUo
~moccm. 3) 12 {Xdgr am.am.IaoZo Amnco gmgao hUyZ ~mUmcm cmSy> dmT>Vmo Ago {dZVrnydH$
gm{JVco hUo Vo am.am.H$mioZo BH$maco. 4) gX>Jw$Zo `mcmM cmQ> dJao {Xcm Amho Am{U `mV
H$moUr cj Kmcy Zò Am{U `mMr nanam Vo MmcdVrc Ago gm{JVco hUo Am{U nwH$iem JmoQ>r
gm{JV`m Am{U `mZr ~aoMeo cmoH$mg `mMoOdi ^mSy>Z ~mocUo ~X H$a{dco hUo .... ''
`mM nmImcr "VmOm H$c_' Amho ""am.am.XmVmam`m AmJhm_wio ho n {c{hco Amho....''
Am{U Vmo \$maM ~mocH$m Amho !
Iw lr.H$mio Amn`m 19.2.1955 `m nmV lr_hmamOmZm {c{hVmV, ""Amnco n Amco.
nU `j H$mhr {c{hVm Amco Zmhr. {c{h`mMo \w$aUhr hmoV Zmhr. gd {Zamem Am{U AYH$ma.
lrdmgwXodmZV.. / 59
AJr AZV Xmof Ag`m_wio Hw$UmMohr g_mYmZ H$a`mMr e$s _m`mV Zmhr d _mPohr g_mYmZ
Pmco Zmhr. gd cmoH$ {damoY H$aVmV Vohm ~m~mMo EoHy$ H$s cmoH$mMo ho H$iV Zmhr. H$mhr cmoH$ npcH$
Q>Q> H$a`mMo _mJo AmhoV. H$mhr m`hoQ> H$amdm Ago hUVmV. _r ho gWmZ ImgJr amhmdo d
Omd`m`m d _wcr`m H$MrV Z amhVm dVnUo _mcH$s _mJyZ KoD$Z _J `dWm nmhmdr Ago
hUV Amho. cmoH$mMm `mcm {damoY Amho. `mZm _wcrH$S>o am{h`mg Mmcoc nU H$m`mZm gdm{YH$ma
d _mcH$s Xo`mg V`ma ZmhrV. _wI`man qH$dm cmQ> 999 df} H$amamZo `mdm Agmhr EH$ nj
Amho. H$m`mZr `dWm nmhmdr nU gmodio Amodio H$$ Zò d Amhmcm H$a`mg gmJy Zò Ago
H$moUr hUVmV. H$m`mZr godm H$amdr nU Q>Q>t`m VmZo Vo gmJVrc Vgo dmJmdo Ago Jwo dJao
_S>ir _mZVmV. H$m`mOdi ngo md`mMo ZmhrV, `mMo H$mhrM Mmcy md`mMo Zmhr Agm cmJy
nj Amho. ... WmoS>`mV g_mYr`m dV Aem H$nZm H$moUm`mhr ZmhrV. nw`{VWrn`V dflm
H$$Z {Zdm hmdo Ago _cm dmQy> cmJco ...''
WmoS>`mV gmJm`Mo Va gd _wI {e`_S>ir nanam{df`r`m H$cw{fV _Zmodmr_wio,
hoVw{df`r`m ge`m_wio Am{U nydJhm_wio EH$_oH$mH$S>o nmR> {\$adyZ C^r hmoVr. `m_wio g_m{YWmZr
Amd`H$ `m Jmo>tMr nyVVmhr a|JmiV Mmccr hmoVr. Varhr lr.^Q>, JmoS>~mobo Aem {e`_S>itZr
{X.14.4.1955 amoOr g_m{YWmZr EH$ chmZer eoS> C^r Ho$cr. {VWr_mUo lr~m~mMr n{hcr
nw`{VWr {X.7.8.1955 amoOr Amcr hmoVr. `mgmR>r nydV`mar`m g^m AYyZ_YyZ hmoV hmo`m
Am{U `m_wio EH$_oH$mg eh-H$mQ>eh XoUohr gw$ Pmco hmoVo.
lr.am.~m.Am~oH$amZr nw`{VWr`m Am`moOZmV nwT>mH$ma KoVcm hmoVm. lr_hmamOm`m oaUoZo EH$
g{_Vrhr WmnZ H$a`mV Amcr hmoVr. lr_hmamO E{c 1955 _ò lr.nmSw>aJ _a~irgmo~V
Jmo`m_ò H$mhr H$m_mgmR>r Joco hmoVo Am{U `mMm _w` Coe S>oadU VgoM nwUo òWrb g_m{Y_{Xam`m
C^maUrgmR>r _XV Jmoim H$aUo hm hmoVm. `m Jmodm ôQ>rMr _m{hVr ghm`m H$aUmV Amcr Amho.
n{h`m nw`{VWrnydu nw`mV Z ò`mMoM R>acoco Ag`m_wio, lr_hmamO Jmo`mVyZM n`dhma
H$$Z h{H$H$V OmUyZ KoV hmoVo Am{U O$a Vo _mJXeZhr H$arV hmoVo. `m_wio lr.Am~oH$a VgoM
_m.X.{MVio `mZm nmmao W_ nw`{VWr`m V`mar{df`r H$idrV hmoVo. `m nm_YyZhr `m doiMo
EH$Xa {M S>mo`mg_moa Cô amhmVo. lr.Am~oH$amZr {X.6.7.1955 amoOr {c{hco Amho,
""... _moS>H$, H$mio ^Vr _S>itMm ~amM amof Pmcocm Amho d H$S>mhr ~`mM {nH$`m AmhoV
Agmo. gXJw$ g_W AmhoV Vohm `mMr H$miOr Zmhr. H$mocXmS>m Kmc`mMo `Z Mmcy AmhoV nU
`mZm AOyZ gX>Jw$Mm {hgH$m _mhrV Zmhr EdT>oM.''
lr._mYd X.{MVio `mZr {X. 21.7.1955 amoOr EH$ {dVV n lr_hmamOmZm Jmo`mVrc
n`mda nmR>dyZ BH$S>rc n[apWVrMo AJXr `Wm`mo` {MU Ho$co Amho. Vo {c{hVmV, "" ... (W_
60 && MV`gy` &&
nw`{VWrcm) AmVm {Xdg AJXr _moOHo$ am{hco AmhoV. `m_wio hwaha cmJVo. gd H$mhr lrgX>Jw$M
H$$Z KoUma AmhoV `mMr Imr Ag`m_wio H$m`H$_hr _moR>o d dmVmdaU ^` Ago amhmdogo dmQ>Vo.
AS>MUr òV AgVmV naVw `mMo {ZamH$aU Pmcoco {XgyZ òVo. gmdH$memZo JVr hmoV Amho. g_mYrda
amoO OmVmo d mWZm H$aVmo. H$m`mV `J Ag`m_wio _mZ{gH$ emVVm _m T>mgicr Amho. AZoH$
H$maMo dmX, {dMma ~mocUr gmaIr Mmcy Ag`m_wio gdmg Vm|S> XoUo Amho d O$a Vr Cmao XoUo
^mJ Amho. WmoS>`mV ho g_w _WZM (Amho). `m EH$Xa `dhmamV hcmhchr {ZKmco d A_Vhr.
EH$ Jmo> _m Iar H$s, lrgX>Jw`m g~Yr Oar AmXa^md _S>irV Agcm Var {ZVmV lm \$maM
WmoS>mOdi Amho. g~YmV H$moR>oVar JwVmJwV Pm`m_wio, dMmarH$ Imocr Zg`m_wio, ZH$mo `m
Jmo>tMm H$m`mHw$Q> Pmcm d {dZmH$maU dmBQ>nUm Amcm ....''
Aem n[apWVrVM n{hcr nw`{VWr {X. 7.8.1955 amoOr H$a`mV Amcr. `m {Xder nyOm,
A{^foH$, dOnyOZ, lm{dYr, _hmgmX, ÔZ, H$sVZ AmXr Jmo>tMo Am`moOZ H$a`mV Amco
hmoVo. amr 12 dmOyZ 28 {_{ZQ>mZr g_m{YWmZr lr~m~mMo Vc{M WmnZ H$a`mV òD$Z AmaVr
H$a`mV Amcr. ho Vc{M nwUo H$n_Yrb lr.ZmamÙ amd `mZr H$mT>co hmoVo. AmaVrZVa EH$ Iwcr
g^m hmoD$Z ^mdr `moOZm{df`r MMm H$a`mV Amcr.
lr_hmamO `m doir Jmo`mV lr.AUm H$m_V `m`mH$S>o lrXwJmXm _{Xa, _meoc òWo _w$m_mg
hmoVo. `m doir Jmodm nmoVwJrO A_cmImcr hmoVm. ^maVr` ZmJ[aH$mZm nadmZJrMo gd gmonH$ma
H$$Z H$madmaOdi`m _mOir _mJ}M \$$ Jmo`mV doe {_iV Ago. lr_hmamO Am{U nmSw>aJamd
`mM_mJ} _hn`mgmZo nadmZJr H$mTy>Z Jmo`mV Joco hmoVo. _m Jmo`mVrc H$m_o Anojonojm WmoS>r
cm~cr. `m_wio nw`mcm nw`{VWrgmR>r {ZK`mg WmoS>m Cera Pmcm. Am`m_mJ} naV OmD$Z
nw`mcm doioV nmohmoMUo e` hmoUma ZhVo, hUyZ Odi`m nU WmoS>m AmS>_mJmZo, cm|T>m_mJ}
naV`mMm `Z H$am`Mo `mZr R>adco. `mgmR>r H$gcamH$ Odirc XyYgmJa `m {R>H$mUr 10-15
_cmMr nm`nrQ> H$$Z Vo Amco; naVw VoWo gahrdarc VnmgUr Zm`mda ^maVr` A{YH$m`mZr
`mZm ^maVmV doe ZmH$macm. AIoarg XmoKohr nwhm _meoc òWo lr.AUm H$m_VmH$S>o naV Amco
Am{U VoWoM `mZr lr~m~mMr nw`{VWr lrXwJmXm _{XamV gmOar Ho$cr.
aZm{Jar`m {e`-_S>itMr BN>m aZm{Jar òWoM lr_hmamOmZr lr~m~mMr nw`{VWr gmOar
H$amdr Aer hmoVr. lr_hmamOhr `m ~oVmg nydu AZwHy$c hmoVo Ago lr.Ho$.S>r.Jo `m`m
{X. 8.7.1955`m nmd$Z dmQ>Vo. (n H$. 12. n[a{e> H$. 4). naVw lr~m~m`m _ZmV H$mhr
doJio hmoVo Am{U `m_mUoM gmao Pmco AgoM hUm`cm hdo ! lr_hmamO `mZVa Jmo`mVrc _w$m_
AmQ>monVm KoD$Z lr~m~m`m nw`{VWrZVa H$mhr {XdgmZr, XrK H$mcmdYrZVa lr~m~m`m g_m{YWmZr
Amco. _`Var`m H$mimV _wim-_wR>oVyZ Iyn nmUr dmhZ Joco hmoVo !
lrdmgwXodmZV.. / 61
lr_hmamO Oar df-XrS> df nw`mV Amco ZhVo Var nw`mVrc EH$Xa n[apWVrMr `mZm nyU
H$nZm hmoVr. `m_wio g_m{Y_{XamV òD$Z XeZ KoV`mda lr_hmamOmZrM Amn`m nVr_mUo
{dZm{dc~ nwT>rc hmcMmctZm gwdmV Ho$cr. H$moUVrhr Jmo> {dMmanydH$, gZXeranUo Am{U
nVeranUo H$a`mMm lr_hmamOmMm d^md hmoVm. `m_mUo `mZr gdW_ lr~m~m`m gd _wI
{e`mMr EH$ ~R>H$ ~mocmdcr. `m ~R>H$sV lr~m~m`m g_mYrMr `dWm cmd`mgmR>r H$moUH$moU`m
Jmo>r H$aUo Amd`H$ AmhoV `mMo gy~ {ddoMZ Ho$co.
g_mYrda EH$ MmJcr, chmZer B_maV C^r H$aUo, g_mYrMr {Z` nyOm-AMm, lr~m~mMo
_ { V{XZ gmOao H$aUo , ò U m`m ^$_ S > i tgmR> r Amd`H$ Vo d T> m {H$_mZ gmo ` r H$aUo ,
g_m{Y_{Xam^modVmcMm n[aga gwemo{^V H$aUo. WmZm^modVr ^$_ gajH$ q^V ~mYyZ WmZmcm
gwa{jVVm XoUo, {ZYr C^maUo Aer H$m_mMr _moR>r `mXrM lr_hmamOmZr gônwT>o _mS>cr. lr_hmamOmZr
CnpWV {e`dJmcm AmdmhZ Ho$co H$s, "`m WmZmV _r EH$ hOma df} amhmUma Amho' Ago
lr~m~mZr gm{JVco Amho, Vohm ho WmZ dqJV hmoD$Z {V JmUJmnya hmoUma Amho. `mgmR>r gdmZr
Amnco nydJh, AhH$ma ~mOyg R>odyZ, Amnco d`{$H$ OrdZ {dg$Z, gd doi g_m{Y_{XamgmR>r
PQ>co nm{hOo. òH$mZo nwT>o hmoD$Z dV:hZ O~m~Xmar CMccr nm{hOo. `m gôcm lr. EZ.Ama.\$S>Ho$,
Eg.Ama.Am~oH$a, .nw.Omoer Aer _wI {e`_S>ir hOa hmoVr. naVw g_m{Y_{XamMr O~m~Xmar
Amn`m Immda `m`cm H$moUr nwT>o Pmco Zmhr.
hr O~m~Xmar H$R>rU hmoVr. dV:`m ggmamVyZ doi H$mTy>Z Vmo lr~m~m`m g_m{Y_{XamV IM
H$a`mMr H$moUmMr V`mar ZhVr. AZoH$OU d`{$H$ nmVirda lr~m~mda A`V {Z>m AgUmao
hmoVo, CnmgH$ hmoVo; naVw lr~m~mMo _{Xa ho AZoH$ gm_mÒZmZm A`m_mMr AmoT> cmdUmao \y${VWmZ
~Zoc Am{U `m {R>H$mUr Ho$cocr godm, KoVcoco H$> hrgwm CM H$moQ>rMr Am`mp_H$ gmYZmM
R>aoc, EdT>m `mnH$ {dMma H$a`mg H$moUrM V`ma ZhVo.
lr~m~m`m {e`dJmH$Sy>Z \$magm {VgmX òUma Zmhr `mMr H$nZm lr_hmamOmZm hmoVr. naVw
hr g^m ~mocmd`mnyduM lr_hmamOmZr Amn`m _Zmer {Z` Ho$cm hmoVm H$s H$moUr Oar _m`m~amo~a
Amco Zmhr Varhr _cm lr~m~m`m `m KamMm H$ma^ma Mmcdm`Mm Amho, Am{U Vmohr Xm`dmrZo !
_mPo gd OrdZ gX>Jw$`m MaUr AnU H$amd`mMo Amho !
_m AZoH$mZr lr_hmamOm`m _mJXeZmImcr, `m`mgmo~V amhZ `m H$m`mV ImarMm dmQ>m
CMcm`Mr V`mar XmI{dcr Am{U lr_hmamOmZrM nwT>o hmoD$Z ho {edYZw` CMcmdo Aer AmJhr
{dZVr Ho$cr.
`m gô_wio AmUIr EH$ Jmo> AmnmoAmnM n> Pmcr. lr~m~m`m g_m{YWmZmMr O~m~Xmar
drH$ma`mMr gYr lr_hmamOmZr H$moUmcm {Xcr Zmhr Agm Amjon H$moUr KoD$ eH$co ZmhrV.
62 && MV`gy` &&
dfâmVrc H$ma^mamVM ~hVoH$mMm Cgmh H$_r Pmcocm hmoVm. H$Xm{MV lr_hmamOmZm dfâ
aZm{JarVM Wm~m`cm gmJ`mV lr~m~mMmhr hmM hoVy Agmdm !
`m gôV, lr_hmamOm{edm` A` H$moUr g_m{Y_{XamMr O~m~Xmar drH$maV Zmhr ho {Z:ge`
{g Pm`mda _J lr_hmamO PnmQ>mZo H$m_mcm cmJco. H$amd`mMr òH$ Jmo> H$m`Xoera, arVga
Am{U {Z:g{XY Agmdr Agm lr_hmamOmMm H$Q>mj Ago. `m_wio lr~m~m`m EH$_od H$m`Xoera
dmag, `mMr H$`m gm.{Z_cmVmB Iao Am{U `mMo nVr lr.ZriH$R>amd Iao `m`mH$Sy>Z A{YH$Var`m
g_Vr KoD$ZM g_m{YWmZr H$moUVrhr Jmo> H$aUo `mo` hmoVo. lr~m~mMr g_mYr `m OmJoda Amho,
`m OmJo`m gm.{Z_cmVmB `m EH$_od _mcH$ hmo`m.
`mgmR>r 1955`m AmQ>mo~a-Zmoh|~a`m Xa`mZ lr_hmamO d`mcm Iao Xmn`mcm ôQ>`mgmR>r
Joco. lr~m~m`m g_m{Y_{XamV AmnU H$moU`m d$nmV godm H$aUma AmhmoV `mMr nyU H$nZm
`mZr Iao Xmn`mcm {Xcr.
g_m{YWmZmMr OmJm gwa{jV d gwemo{^V H$aUo, chmZgo _{Xa Cô H$aUo, {Z` nyOm, AmaVr
gw$ H$aUo, lr~m~mMo _{V{XZ gmOao H$aUo, nwOmar, godoH$ar Zo_Uo, Am`m Jo`mMm nam_e KoUo
Am{U ho gd H$m`_ d$nr Mmcy amhrc Aer gWm_H$ aMZm C^r H$aUo AmXr Jmo>r H$am`m
cmJVrc; ho gd lr~m~m`m AmkoZo Am{U lr~m~mMr godm hUyZM H$amd`mMo Amho Agohr `mZr
Iao Xmn`mcm gm{JVco.
Iao nVr-nZr lr_hmamOmZm AJXr OdiyZ AmoiIV ZhVo. naVw lr_hmamOmMr `m H$m`m{df`rMr
Vi_i `mZm Hw$R>oVar VrdnUo OmUdcr. lr_hmamOm`m gwn> ~moc`mda Am{U `m`m
H$Vde$sda `mMm {dmg ~gcm. ""lr~m~m`m hOmamo {e`m_ò hrM `$s _m`m Ò_mZmZm
{dmgnm dmQcr,'' Ago gm.{Z_cm~mBZr lr_hmamOm~c hQ>co Amho. OmJm {dH$V Z _mJVm, Vr
Amhmcm Vrg dfm`m ^mS>on>rZo m, Aer _mJUr lr_hmamOmZr Ho$cr. hr _mJUr A{Ve` amV
Am{U nmaXeu hmoVr. Iao Xmn`mcmhr Vr _m` Pmcr. dm{fH$ 300 nò ^mS>o R>aco.
lr_hmamOmZr A{Ve` {dMmanydH$M hm Vmd _mS>cm hmoVm. lr~m~mMo WmZ `m`m dmagm`mM
_mcH$sMo amhmdo Am{U AmnU VoWo Ho$di godH$ `m ^mdZoZo godm H$am`Mr Amho Aer A{Ve` {Z_i
^mdZm `m_mJo hmoVr Am{U Am`w`m`m A{V_ mgmn`V lr_hmamOmZr Vr Amncm Y_ hUyZ
Oncr. ""V`mMo gmoZo Ioio {d gmao & AdKr pWaMao ZQ>mo{Z`m &&'' Ago Amnco gX>Jw$ Oohm
""nw`mV EH$ Ka KoD$Z Vy _mPm gm^mi H$aerc H$m ?'' Ago {dMmaVmV Vohm Vr H$mhr _XVrgmR>r
Ho$cocr `mMZm ZgVo Va Amn`m {` {e`mMo AdKo Am`w` COiyZ Q>mH$Umar Amkm AgVo Am{U
""nw`mV Ka-~JrMm Amdmamgh Pm`mda nwT>o BVa JmoQ>tMm {dMma lrdm_r g_W AmkoZwgma
hmoBc,'' Ago Oohm {e` gmJVmo Vohmhr Vr ewH$ Wmda _mc_moMr O_dmO_d ZgVo.
lrdmgwXodmZV.. / 63
^mS>on>r`m H$amamMm _gwXm dJao Jmo>tMr Vn{ecdma V`mar gw$ Pmcr. lr_hmamOmZr
g_m{Y_{XamV H$am``m {d{dY H$m_mMr AmIUr gw$ Ho$cr. g_m{YWmZmdarc lr~m~mMo {M,
cmoH$mZr hiX-Hw$Hy$, hma-\w$co, ZmaimMo nmUr CS>d`m_wio Iam~ Pmco hmoVo. lr_hmamOmZr _w~B`m
lr.gmdS>}H$a `mZm lr~m~mMo EH$ _moR>o Vc{M H$amd`mg gm{JVco. lr.gmdS>}H$amZr H$m_ gw$ Ho$co,
naVw lr~m~m`m S>mo`mVrc Zo_H$m ^md H$Q> H$aUo `mZm O_V ZhVo. `mZr lr~m~mMo XeZ H$Yr
KoVcoco ZhVo. eodQ>r Amncr AS>MU `mZr lr_hmamOmZm gm{JVcr. `mda lr_hmamO `mZm
hUmco H$s Vwhr EH$Xm nw`mcm OmD$Z XeZ KoD$Z `m. `m_mUo gmdS>}H$a nw`mcm Ambo. _Zmo^mdo
g_mYrcm Z_H$ma H$$Z nw`mhZ naV _w~Bcm OmV AgVmZm `mZm lr~m~mZr AmJJmS>rVM gmjmV
XeZ {Xco. lr.gmdS>}H$amZm Y` dmQ>co. _w~Bcm Jo`mJo`m `mZr {M nyU Ho$co.
Vo Vc{M lr~m~m`m {Vr` nw`{VWrcm g_m{YWmZr g_ma^nydH$ WmnZ H$a`mMo R>aco.
lr_hmamO dV:M, Vo _w~BhZ KoD$Z òUma hmoVo; naVw n[apWVr Aer {d{M Pmcr H$s lr_hmamO
Xwg`m nw`{VWrcm Var CnpWV amhmUma H$m Aer eH$m {Z_mU Pmcr. Hw$UrVar AgVw>, CnX`mnr
{e`mZo H$mhrVar AmJirH$ Ho$cr Am{U `m_wio `{WV Pmco`m lr_hmamOmZr Am_coemMm _mJ
hUyZ nw`{VWrcm Z ò`mMm {Z` Ho$cm. lr.nmSw>aJamd _a~ir `m`mda Vo {M nw`mcm
Zo`mMr O~m~Xmar Q>mH$cr. naVw lr~m~mZr ""Vy nw`mcm òV Zmhrg hUOo H$m` ? Vwcm nw`mcm
AmcoM nm{hOo !'' Agm AmXoeM {Xcm; `m_wio ZmBcmOmZo lr_hmamO Xwg`m nw`{VWrcm hOa
amhm`mgmR>r Vo {M KoD$Z dV: Amco. _mJrc AZw^d cjmV KoVm `m doir {M gmJdmZr MmH$Q>rV
H$mM ~gdyZ gwa{jV Am{U Ocmô Ho$coco hmoVo. {edm` ""Zmai \$moSy>Z `mMo nmUr \$moQ>moda qH$dm
nmXwH$mda Kmcy Zò. AJmam AJa hiX-Hw$Hy$ ltMo \$moQ>moda S>mJ nS>Vrc Ago Q>mHy$ Zò'' Aer n>
gyMZm Agcocm \$cH$ _{XamV cmd`mV Amcm. `mM \$cH$mda ""òWo nmcZ H$amd`mMo {Z`_''
`m erfH$mImcr EH$Xa 15 {Z`_ A{Ve` {Z:g{XY eXmV {c{hcoco AmhoV. lr~m~m`m _{Xam`m
d^dmV H$moU`mhr H$maMo CUonU òD$ Zò `mgmR>r `m {Z`_mMo AmOhr H$R>moa nmcZ H$a`mV òVo.
`m \$cH$mda Imcr {d>c JUoe Omoer Aer ghr Amho Am{U VmarI 18.8.1956 Aer Amho. `mM
{Xder lr_hmamOmZr `m WmZmMr gd O~m~Xmar "crOhmoS>a' `m Zm`mZo CMccr Am{U AmnU ho
~m~mMo _{Xa H$em VhoZo Cô H$$ BpN>Vmo AmhmoV `m{df`r n> eXmV gdmZm H$nZm {Xcr.
lo`m ZmdmImcr AJa A` H$moU`mhr H$maUmZo òWo ^m|JinUm, Am|JinUm, AdN>Vm,
~|J$inUm `mZm WmZ amhmUma Zmhr. ho WmZ gXd gwXa, dN>, n{d, emV, g amhrc `mMr
OUy dmhr Xo`mgmR>rM lr_hmamOmZr n{h`mM {Xder ho \$cH$ cmdco AmhoV.
lr~m~mMr Xwgar nw`{VWr g_aUr` R>acr Vr AZoH$ H$maUmZr ! lr_hmamOmMr CnpWVr,
lr~m~m`m Z`m Vc{MmMr WmnZm, _wgiYma nmdgmMr hOoar Aem doJdoJ`m H$maUm_wio hm
64 && MV`gy` &&
g_ma^ AZoH$m`m _aUmV am{hcm. nw`{VWr`m {Xder ({X. 25.8.1956) _wgiYma nmD$g
nS>cm Am{U g_m{Y_{XamV gd {MIcmMo gm_m` Pmco. O{_Zrda gd n|T>m ng$Z BH$S>o
{VH$S>o {\$a`mMr gmo` Ho$cr hmoVr. d`nmH$Ka, ^moOZ_S>n gmaoM VmnwaVo C^macoco ! OmJoV _O~yV
Aer n$s B_maV Zmhr. nU lr_hmamOmZr `mhr n[apWVrV gmao H$m`H$_ R>a`mn_mUo `WmgmJ
KS>dyZ AmUco. OodUm`m nJVrV EH$ nmQ>mMr amJ _S>itZm ~g`mgmR>r, `mnwT>o Xwgar nmQ>mMr amJ
nmdir dmT>`mgmR>r Am{U `mnwT>o {Vgar amJ hmoVr Vr dmT>`mZm nJVrV {\$a`mgmR>r ! lr_hmamOmZr
{OrZo nw`{VWrMo gd H$m`H$_ `dpWV nma nmS>co.
_m hr {O hm H$mo`m "{d>c JUoe Omoer' Zm_o `$s`m d`{$H$ AhH$mamMm Am{dH$ma ZhVm,
Va ho lr~m~m _hmamOmMo WmZ Amho, _m`m gX>Jw $Mo ho Ka Amho, `mMm òWo EH$ hOma df dmg hmoUma
Amho; ho WmZ _moR>o VrWjo hmoUma Amho, ho gmao _m`m gX>Jw $Mo eX AmhoV Am{U _r `mgmR>r _mPo
gdd, _mPo OrdZ AnU H$$Z òWo amhmUma Amho, `m ^mdZoVZy hr {O {Z_mU Pmcr hmoVr.
nw`{VWrnydu H$mhr {Xdg, {X. 18.8.1956 `m {Xder (BJOr H$mcJUZo_mUo ~m~m`m
Xwg`m _{V{XZr) gd gmonH$ma nyU H$$Z "crO S>rS>' g~{YV gaH$mar H$m`mc`mV Zm|X{d`mV
Amco Am{U lr_hmamOmZr lr~m~m _hmamO gh~wo g_m{Y_{XamMr Ywam A{YH$VnUo hmVr KoVcr !
lr~m~mMm hm {` {e` òWyZ nwT>o gVV VohVrg df} EH$mM `mgmZo Am`w`mVrc jU AZ jU
Amn`m gX>Jw$`m WmZmV, `mMm XmgmZwXmg hUyZ, ""Zmhr _r Cacmo AmVm OJVmV & dV} Jw$
g`, AV~m &&'' `m Z_ ^mdZoZo `VrV H$aUma hmoVm !
D D D
Q>rn : `m H$aUmV CoI H$a`mV Ambo`m nm`m N>m`m{H$V Vr n[a{e> H$. 5 _ò
g_m{d> H$a`mV Am`m AmhoV.
lrdmgwXodmZV.. / 65
H$aU : 9
ghdfmdao r amhrZ g_m{YWmZr &&

lr~m~m`m g_m{Y_{XamMr OmJm ^mS>onr H$amamZo gm.{Z_cm~mB Iao `m`mH$Sy>Z {_i{d`mZVa
lr_hmamO PnmQ>mZo H$m_mcm cmJco. gdW_ âmd KmcyZ OmJm g_nmVirV H$a`mV Amcr.
âmdmcm AmYma^yV q^Vr Kmc`mV Am`m. gm\$g\$mB Pmcr. `m OmJo`m BemòH$S>rc H$mon`mV
lr~m~mMo A`gH$ma Pmco hmoVo. `m OmJoda EH$ eoS> dOm chmZgo _{Xa C^maco hmoVo. _m `m
doir Vo n{_m{^_wI hmoVo (`mM _{Xam`m OmJoda AmOMo lr~m~mMo ^` _{Xa Cô Amho. OmZodmar
1992 _ò Vo Z`mZo ~mY`mV Amco. `m doir Vo nydm{^_wI H$a`mV Amco.) `m _{XamOdi
X{jUocm (AmO OoWo _moR>m nm`mMm hmX Am{U hmVnm` Yw`mMr OmJm Amho) EH$ 12 \y$Q> x 15 \y$Q>
Aer gmYr PmonS>r lr_hmamOmZr C^r Ho$cr hmoVr. lr_hmamO `m PmonS>rV amh cmJco. nm`mgmR>r
Zi qH$dm emMmc` dJao H$gcrM gmo` VoWo ZhVr. lr_hmamOmZr Vr `dWm ~mOy`m cmQ>_ò
Vmnwa`m d$nmV H$$Z KoVcr. OodUmgmR>r EH$ Q>moh hmoVm. drO OmoS>Ur {_imcr ZhVr. amr
H${Xcm`m {_U{_U`m H$memV dmda H$am`Mm. Odi \$maer dVr, ahXmarMr dXi ZhVr.
amr Zrad emVVm ngacocr Agm`Mr.
_m lr_hmamO `m amr`m H$mimoImV ~gyZ dZ nmhm`Mo Vo ^{d`mVrc g_m{Y_{XamMo !
AmXw~a, ~oc, e_r, Am_djm`m KZXmQ> dZamBV lr~m~mMo A{V_ {encmd` {_adUmao _{Xa
Cô Amho, ^$OZmMr JXu XmQ>cr Amho, lr~m~m`m ZmdmMm AIS> On Mmcy Amho, Q>mi-_XJm`m
VmcmV ÔZr qXS>m Mmc`m AmhoV, d{XH$ ~mUm`m _KmofmZr Am^mi Xw_Xw_yZ Joco Amho,
`kHw$S>mVyZ CR>cocm n{d, gwJYr Yya Amg_VmV H$m|XyZ âcm`, hOmam|`m gòZo ^$JU gmX
godZ H$$Z V hmoV AmhoV Am{U `m gm`m ngm`m`m H|$WmZr d^demcr qghmgZmda Am$T>
lr~m~m g _woZo ^$mZm AmerdmX XoV AmhoV !
_m lr_hmamO Ho$di dZo nmhmUmao ZhVo Va Vr `jmV CVadUmao hmoVo. `mgmR>r cmJVrc
VodT>o H$> Cng`mMr `mMr V`mar hmoVr. Xya>rZo, `moOZm~ H$m_ H$a`mMr {dcjU j_Vm AJmV
hmoVr. dV_mZmV dmdaVmZm ^yVH$mimMo {d_aU hmoV Zgo Am{U _Z _m gXd ^{d`H$mimMm doY
KoV Ago.
nwUo qH$dm S>oadU `m Xmohr WmZmV lr_hmamOmZr Ho$coco H$m` Am{U `m gX^mV KoVcoco {ZU`,
CMccocr nmdco hr Ho$di gdgm_m`m`mM Zho Va ^`m^`m`m AmH$cZmnbrH$S>rc hmoVr.
`mZm g^_mV Q>mH$Umar hmoVr. `m_wio H$mhr doim AZoH$mZr MwH$sMo Jh H$$Z KoVco. naVw AmO _mJo
66 && MV`gy` &&
diyZ nmhmVmZm, VQ>WnUo _y`_mnZ H$aVmZm OmUdVo Vr Ho$di lr_hmamOmMr Xya>r Am{U H$nH$Vm !
lr~m~mMo ho WmZ òUm`m H$mimV EH$ _moR>o VrWjo hmoUma Amho `mMr lr_hmamOmZm nyU Imr
hmoVr. ^mdr H$mimV `m WmZm`m hmoUm`m {dVmamMo a` {M lr_hmamOm`m >rg_moa gmH$ma
Pmcoco hmoVo. "937 S>r' hm \$$ 10 JwR>mMm cmQ> nwT>rc H$mimV Anwam hmoBc hUyZ lr_hmamOmZr
lr.IS>oamd dmK `m`mH$Sy>Z `m cmQ>cm cmJyZM Agcocm "937 gr' hm cmQ> 1958 gmcr IaoXr
Ho$cm. hm cmQ> `mZr dV:`m nemZo Am{U dV:`m ZmdmZo KoVcm. `m cmQ>_Yrc 30 \y$Q> x 91
\y$Q> EdT>m, "cmQ> Z. 937 S>r'cm OmoSy>Z Agcocm ^mJ, gm.{Z_cmVmB ZriH$R> Iao `m lr~m~m`m
H$ò`m Zmdo ~{jgn H$$Z {Xcm. VgoM 1959 gmcr S>o$Z E`wHo$eZ gmogm`Q>rH$Sy>Z, `m`m
_mcH$s`m, cJV`m nyd}H$S>rc O{_ZrnH$s 130> x 15 \y$Q> EdT>r OmJm IaoXr H$$Z Vrhr
gm.{Z_cmVmB`m ZmdmZo ~{jgn H$$Z {Xcr. ho XmoZ O{_ZrMo VwH$S>o Aem VhoZo "cmQ> Z.937
S>r'cm OmoS>`m_wio lr~m~m`m g_m{Y_[Xam^modVr nmcIr X{jUoMm gmohim H$a`mgmR>r nwaoer
_moH$ir OmJm CncY Pmcr.
`mM_mUo "937 ~r' hm cJVMm cmQ> IaoXr H$a`mgmR>r lr.dmK `m`mer Vm|S>r H$ama H$$Z
Vmohr cmQ> _{XamgmR>r IaoXr Ho$cm. Aem VhoZo EH$ Ho$co`m `m VrZhr cmQ>g^modVr VmaoMo Hw$nU
KmcyZ, O_rZ g_nmVirV H$aUo, ~mho$Z MmJcr _mVr AmUyZ â KmcUo, cmQ>gMr g\$mB H$$Z
PmS>o cmdUo Aer H$m_o PnmQ>mZo gw$ Pmcr. `mgmR>r EH$ AYdoi _mirhr Zo_`mV Amcocm hmoVm.
_{Xam^modVr \w$cPmS>o, \$iPmS>o S>mocy cmJcr. lr.{d>c EH$ZmW Hw$cH$Uu `m _{XamVrc godoH$`mZr
lr_hmamOmZm Amn`m {X. 17.10.1957 `m nmV (n H$. 14, n[a{e> H$. 4) H$i{dco Amho,
"".... _mir amoO òV AgVmo. Amnr ZdrZ cmJdS> H$mhr Pmcr Zmhr. EH$ XmoZ {XdgmV ZdrZ ^mOr
noa hmoBc. nmg Hw$S>m AmUyZ `mV VwierMo amonmMr cmJU Pmcr. VgoM lt`m _{Xam^modVmcrhr
Vwier cm{d`m AmhoV. ZdrZ VoaS>mg \w$co òD$ cmJcr AmhoV .... S>mqi~ d Am~m amono cmJUrg
XmoZ VrZ {XdgmV I>o Ko`mMo H$m_ H$$Z KoVmo. VyVmg ltMo nyOog d hmamg \w$co ~hmarMr AgVmV.
eodVrg H$`m Am`m AmhoV. Mma-nmM \w$co amoO nwOog {_iVmV.''
{X. 8> Owc 1958 `m nmV (n H$. 15, n[a{e> H$. 4) lr.Hw$cH$Uu `mZr H$i{dco Amho,
""... nwT>rc a`mMo ~mOyZo _m`mZo \$mQ>H$mMo ~mhoa nmM PmS>o cmdcr. `mg Hw$nUo H$$Z KoVcr
AmhoV. VgoM _mJrc cmQ>_ò Mmirg JmS>m _mVr AmUyZ KmVcr d H$mhr ^mJmV ^mOrnmcm d
H$mhr ^mJ \w$cPmS>mH$arVm V`ma Ho$cm Amho. AOyZ \w$cPmS>o cmdcr ZmhrV. cmQ>^modVmcMo VmamMo
Hw$nU ZdrZ S>m~ KmcyZ d Vma R>moHy$Z V`ma H$$Z KoVco. 10 \w$Q>mMo \$mQ>H$ Ho$co Amho. _`Var EH$
chmZ \$mQ>H$ _{XamMo ~mOyg AmVco ^mJmV H$$Z KoVco Amho. ...hr Jwcm~ d OwBg ~ha Amcm
Amho. \w$co ânya {ZKVmV. S>o{c`mMr cmJU Ho$cr Amho. nwT>rc ~mOyg ^|S>r, Jdma, H$aS>B, lmdU
ghdfmdoar.. / 67
KodS>m ^mOr noacr AgyZ Vr CJdyZ Amcr Amho. _mJrc cmQ>_òhr ^mOr noacr Amho. Vr CJdV
Amho. Vm|S>cr daModa {ZKVmV. KodS>m AOyZ \w$ccm Zmhr ....''
_{Xam^modVr ~mJ Aer PnmQ>mZo ~haV hmoVr. ~mhoaJmdmhZ ^$_S>ir lr~m~m`m g_mYr`m
XeZmcm AYyZ_YyZ `m`Mr. `m EdT>mem PmonS>rV lr_hmamO `mMo H$mVwH$mZo dmJV H$am`Mo,
AmXam{V` H$am`Mo; H$maU Vo gmao lr~m~m`m Kar Amcoco nmhUo hmoVo. lr.{dZmW ^wXogmB AgoM
EH$Xm gm`H$mir VoWo Amco. `mMm ^mD$ {_aOcm hmpnQ>c_ò AS>{_Q> Ho$cocm hmoVm Am{U Xwg`m
{Xder `mMo _moR>o AmnaoeZ hmoUma hmoVo. lr.^wXogmB qMVmH$mV AdWoV hmoVo. lr~m~m Am{U
lr_hmamOmMo AmerdmX `m H$R>rU gJmVyZ Amn`m ^mdmcm Vm$Z ZoVrc `m {dmgmZo Vo g_m{YWmZr
Amco. `mZr amr lr_hmamOm`m H$mZmda gd h{H$H$V KmcyZ AmnU Cm nhmQ>o cdH$a {_aOocm
{ZKUma Ago lr_hmamOmZm gm{JVco. `m doiMm gJ gmJVmZm `mZr {c{hco Amho, ""nhmQ>o
lr_hmamOmZr _cm ~amo~a Mma dmOVm CR>dco. AmKmoircm Ja_ nmUr {Xco. AmnU dV: Amn`m
hmVmZo Mhm Ho$cm. dmQ>oV ^yH$ cmJoc hUyZ Mhm~amo~a {MdS>m Im`cm {Xcm. _cm H$mhr `m nhmQ>o
{MdS>m OmBZm. `m doir "H$miOr H$$ ZH$mog. AmnaoeZ`m doir _r {VWo AgoZ' Ago hUyZ
nmR>rda CO`m ~mOyg Hw$R>o d H$go AmnaoeZ Ho$co OmUma Amho Vo _cm g_OmdyZ gm{JVco.''
`m doir Agm H$moUr EImX Xwgam nmhUm Am`mg lr_hmamO Amn`m PmonS>rV `mcm H$mhr
CUo nSy> XoV ZhVo. naVw lr~m~m`m nw`{VWrcm _moR>m gòZo Amco`m ~mhoaJmd`m _S>itZm
_m A` H$moR>oVar Amncr amhm`mMr gmo` H$amdr cmJo. eodQ>r g_m{YWmZmda EH$ MmJcr n$s
B_maV ~mYmd`mMo R>aco Am{U 1958 _ò lr_hmamOmZr "937 S>r' `m ZF$` ^mJmV "lrgw
dmgwXodmZV gad{V {Zdmg' `m B_maVrMm nm`m KmVcm. `m doir ^$_S>itZr dJUr O_m H$$Z
B_maVrgmR>r nemMr `dWm H$amd`mMo R>aco hmoVo. Vo H$m_ nwaoem doJmZo Am{U nwaoem _mUmV hmoD$
eH$co Zmhr; naVw lr_hmamOmZr `mVyZ _mJ H$mTy>Z Amd`H$ Vmo ngm C^m Ho$cm Am{U doJmZo `m
B_maVrMo H$m_ nyU Ho$co. Oo> d 6, {dH$marZm_ gdga, eH$ 1881; ewH$dma, {X. 26 OyZ
1959 amoOr `m B_maVrMr dmVwemVr Pmcr. `m doir {VMm \$$ Vi_Ocm ~mYcocm hmoVm.
dmVwemVr`m {Xder lr.nmSw>aJ _a~ir `mZm lr~m~mZr >mV XoD$Z da`m _O`mMogwm
~mYH$m_ H$a`mMm AmXoe {Xcm Am{U lr_hmamOmZr Vmo {eagmd _mZyZ A`V AnmdYrV
da`m _O`mMo H$m_ nyU Ho$co. `m dfu lr~m~mMr nw`{VWr gmOar H$a`mV Amcr Vohm lr_hmamOmZr
`mnwT>o nw`{VWrMm Cgd chmZ _mUmda H$$Z lr~m~mMr O`Vr ^` _mUmV gmOar H$a`mMm
Amncm _ZmoX` `$ Ho$cm Am{U `m_mUo gZ 1959 nmgyZ ~m~m`m O`Vr Cgdmg _moR>o d$n
m Pmco.
{ZdmgWmZmMo H$m_ Pm`mda "937 S>r' ^modVr XJS>r q^V ~mY`mV Amcr Am{U AmO OoWo
68 && MV`gy` &&
_w` doema Amho, VoWo lrgX>Jw$ ~m~m _hmamO gh~wo g_m{Y_{Xa, nwUo-16 Aer nmQ>r
Agcocr EH$ H$_mZ C^ma`mV Amcr. g_m{Y_{Xam^modVr \$aer ~g{d`mV Amcr. `mM_mUo
"937 ~r' `m cmQ>_òhr \$aer ~g{d`mV Amcr. Cgdm`m doir ~mhoaJmdmhZ òUm`m nwf
^$_S>itMr amhm`mMr gmo` VoWo _S>n C^m$Z H$a`mV òV Ago. ~mOycmM `m`mgmR>r XmoZ
ZmZJho d 3 emMHy$n Am{U nm`mMo hmX ~mY`mV Amco. p`mMr CVa`mMr `dWm
"{ZdmgWmZmV' Ho$cocr Ago.
CgdmH$[aVm doJio d`nmH$Ka {ZdmgWmZmOdiM ~mY`mV Amco (AmO VoWo nmcIrgmR>r
Img V`ma Ho$cocm aW R>odcocm AgVmo). d`nmH$mgmR>r cmJUmar gd H$maMr ^mS>r, AJXr chmZ
M_`mnmgyZ _moR>_moR>m Vno`m, nmVo`mn`V IaoXr H$$Z d`nmH$Ka d`nyU H$a`mV Amco.
EH$m doir hOmamo _mUgmMm d`nmH$ H$$Z Vmo dmT>Vm òBc Aem VhoZo Amd`H$ Vr gd ^mS>r
{dMmanydH$ Am{U `moOZmnydH$ AmU`mV Amcr. nJVt_ò _hmgmXm`m doir nmdir dmnarV
AgV. naVw nwaoem gòZo VmQ>dmQ>mhr gJ{hV H$a`mV Am`m. Cgdm`m doir _moR>m _mUmda
Mhm-H$m\$s H$amdr cmJV Ag`m_wio Mhm-H$m\$s Ja_ {_imdr hUyZ nwaogo Q>rcMo _moR>o W_mghr
_{XamV R>od`mV Ambo. lr~m~mMr O`Vr H$m{VH$ nm{U_ocm AgVo, Vohm Am{U ZVa nMm`VZ
`mJm`m doirhr ânya WS>r AgVo. Amco`m ^$_S>itZm amr Pmon`mgmR>r ânya AW$UnmK$U-Cem `mMr gmo` H$a`mV Amcr. gVa`m-~R>H$mhr AJXr ânya _mUmV _{XamV AmU`mV
Am`m.
Amco`m ^$OZmMr H$moU`mhr H$mao H$gcrhr Jagmo` hmoD$ Zò, `mMo _{XamVrc dmV`
gwImMo hmdo `mda lr_hmamOmMo H$Q>mjmZo cj Ago. EImm Am{Vèrc JhWml_r _mUgmZo,
Amn`m {Ohm`m`m nmh`mMo `m_mUo H$mVwH$mZo dmJV H$amdo, `mMo Amn`m KamVrc dmV`
`mZm AmZXXm`r, gwIH$a dmQ>mdo `mgmR>r PQ>mdo, AJXr VgoM lr_hmamOmMo dmJUo hmoVo.
Cgd H$mimV AJXr ^`m nhmQ>o, cdH$a CR>Um`m _S>itgmR>rhr WS>rV, AJXr Ja_m-Ja_
Mhm V`ma Ago. JS>r _mUgo ~~ noQ>dyZ nmUr Ja_ H$$Z V`ma R>odrV. H$m_mMr _mUgo Oar Zo_cocr
AgV, Var `m`mH$Sy>Z doioda H$m_o hmoV AmhoV qH$dm ZmhrV ho nmh`mgmR>r lr_hmamO nhmQ>o MmagmS>oMma dmOVmM CRy>Z `mZm H$m_mcm cmdrV. CR>`mCR>`m AmdmamVrc Ho$aH$Mam H$mT>Uo, _{XamVrc
\$aer PmSy>Z nwgyZ KoUo, nm`m`m Q>m`m âUo, ^mOrgmR>r _S>BV _mUgo nmR>dUo Aer gd H$m_o
`dpWVar`m Mmcy Pmcr AmhoV `mMr Imr H$$Z lr_hmamO Amncr ZmZ-g`m CaHy$Z lr~m~m`m
_{XamV gdm`m AmYr hOa AgV. {XdgâmVrc gd H$m`H$_ lr_hmamOm`m Xj ZOaoImcr hmoV
AgV. {XdgâmV lr_hmamOmZm jUmMr CgV {_iV Zgo. Varhr amr gd _mUgmMr Pmon`mMr ZrQ>
`dWm Pmcr Amho, gdmZm nwaogo AW$U-nmK$U {_imco Amho, H$moUr WS>rZo Hw$S>Hw$S>V Pmoncocm
ghdfmdoar.. / 69
Zmhr Am{U Xwg`m {Xder`m H$m`H$_mMr Amd`H$ Vr nydV`mar Pmcr Amho `mMr Imr H$$Z
_JM lr_hmamO AWUmcm nmR> cmdrV, Vohm amrMo XmoZ-AS>rM dmOcoco AgV !
lr_hmamOmZr, lr~m~m`m g_m{YWmZmda n{h`m nw`{VWr`m doir C^macocr chmZer
eoS> hmoVr Vr H$mTy>Z `m OmJr EH$ n`mMo g_m{Y_{Xa Cô Ho$co hmoVo. `m g_m{Y_{XamV lr~m~mMo
Vc{M WmnZ H$a`mgmR>r lr_hmamOmZr EH$ gwXa cmH$S>r Xohmam H$$Z KoVcm hmoVm. 8 x 6 x 8
\y$Q> Aem AmH$ma_mZmMm hm Xohmam _mJrc ~mOyZo gnyU ~X hmoVm Am{U ~mH$s VrZhr ~mOg ~marH$
JO cmH$S>r MmH$Q>t_ò ~gdyZ cmH$S>mda ZjrH$m_ H$$Z Vmo gwemo{^V H$a`mV Amcm hmoVm.
{Vdfu Cgdm`m AmYr `mcm `dpWVar`m nmcre H$a`mV òB. XeZr ~mOy`m darc H$mon`mda
"lr' Am{U "' hr aJrV {X`mZr V`ma Ho$cocr Ajao emoôV â KmcrV. Vmo Xohmam hUOo _{XamMo
"J^Jh'M hmoVo.
lr~m~m`m Vc{Mmg_moa EH$m _I_cr {~N>m`Vrda _`^mJr lr~m~m _hmamO, `m`m COdrH$S>o
lrdm_r g_W Am{U S>mdrH$S>o lrgX>Jw$ ~rS>H$a _hmamO Aem VrZ _yVu {damO_mZ Pmco`m
AgV. `m _yVu _w~B`m lr._mhr_H$a `mZr ~Z{d`m AmhoV. gw_mao 3300 Vmoio MmXr dmn$Z `m
_yVu 1961`m OmZodmar _{h`mV ~Z{d`mV Am`m Agm CoI lr.nmSw>aJ _a~ir `m`m nmV
Amho.
gnyU g_m{Y_{Xa VcaJmZo aJdcoco hmoVo. AmVrc ~mOyg q^VtMm ImcMm VrZ \w$Q>mMm n>m hm
cm`dwS>Zo gwemo{^V Ho$cocm hmoVm. hS>m, Pw~ao, emoôMo {Xdo, Xodm{XH$m`m Am{U gV-gnwfm`m
Vg{~ar cmdyZ _{XamMr emo^m dmT>{dcocr hmoVr. Jm^m`m`m Xmohr AJmZm, MH$MH$sV {nVir
n`mZr _T>{dcoco XmoZ MmaJ AgV. `mda VrWmMr Pmar, AJmam Am{U gwR>dS>m `mMo Q>rcMo
chmZgo S>~o R>odcoco AgV Am{U VoWoM `dpWVnUo KS>r KmcyZ R>odcocm $_mc, VrW AWdm
AJmam dJao gmS>`mg nwg`mgmR>r R>odcocm Ago. XmoZ MmaJmMo `moOZ {`m Am{U nwf `mZm
doJdoJir dV `dWm H$a`mgmR>r hmoVo.
_{Xam`m doemamnmer Omo JmoIco _mJ Amho, `mnojm _{XamMo Amdma Imc`m nmVirda
Amho. nmdgm`mV `m a`mda nmUr gmMV Ago. nydu H$mhr doim nmdgm`mV EdT>o nmUr
gmMco H$s Vo g_m{Y_{XamVhr {eaco hmoVo. `mMm mg H$m`_Mm ~X hmdm hUyZ lr_hmamOmZr
1982 gmcr a`mcJV`m ^mJm_ò â KmcyZ cmQ>Mr nmVir a`mnojm 2 \w$Q>mZr CM
Ho$cr. {edm` _{Xa AmdmamVyZ XmoZ _moR>r ^y{_JV JQ>mao X{jUmoma ~mYyZ JmoIco _mJmdarc
nm`mMm {ZMam hmoD$Z Vo nmUr H$Zmc amoS>darc (lrgX>Jw$ ~m~m _hmamO gh~wo nW) JQ>mamV
dmhZ OmBc Aer `dWm Ho$cr Am{U Vw~Um`m nm`mMm H$m`_Mm gmoS>dyZ Q>mH$cm. Aem
H$m_mgmR>r doJdoJ`m gaH$mar Im`mer g~Y òVmo Am{U gaH$mar ÙoVrc AS>ocVz> ewH$mMm`
70 && MV`gy` &&
Aer H$m_o ghOnUo hmoD$ XoV ZmhrV; naVw lr_hmamOmZr {OrZo Am{U {MH$mQ>rZo nmR>nwamdm H$$Z
Aer AZoH$ H$m_o H$Yr gwV gaH$mar Ùocm hcdyZ H$$Z KoVcr, Va H$Yr lr_hmamOmMr Wmoadr
OmUUm`m `$s`m ghH$m`mZo Vr hmoV Jocr. _{Xam`m ~mhoarc aVm hmhr dN>M am{hcm
nm{hOo, `mgmR>r _hmamOmZr _{Xam~mOyMm nXnW dV:`m IMmZo ~mYyZ KoVcm. _{XamVrc
H$m_JmamH$Sy>Z PmSy>Z, YwdyZ Vmo dN> R>odcm OmVmo. a`m`m Xwg`m ~mOy`m q^Vrdahr dN>VoMo
AmdmhZ H$aUmao gXoe {chZ H$mT>co, `m_wio Vmohr ^mJ dN> amh cmJcm.
_{XamV ÔZ, H$sVZ AIS>nUo hmoUma hUyZ lr_hmamOmZr Ah_XZJahZ 100 Q>mi-OmoS>m
Img V`ma H$adyZ KoV`m. EH$-EH$ Q>miOmoS>r gmVeo-AmR>eo J_Mr, IUIUrV AmdmOmMr !
_XJ, drUm, PmOm, hm_m}{Z`_ Agm gmam ÔZmMm gaOm_ _{Xam_ò _hmamOmZr nmaIyZ, {ZdSy>Z
Jmoim Ho$cm hmoVm. {edm` lr_hmamOmZr _{XamV ~m~m`m d^dmV H$moUVohr `yZ Agy Zò hUyZ
AmaVr`m doir dmO{d`mgmR>r eI, Vmg gma H$mhr {g R>odco hmoVo.
_{XamMr O~m~Xmar CMc`m {XdgmnmgyZ lr_hmamO ~mJoH$S>o OmVrZo cj XoV hmoVo. \w$cPmS>,
\$iPmS>, ^mOrnmcm gdmMr nVera OmonmgZm gw$ Pmcr. Am~m, Zmair-nmo\$ir, \$Ug, amVm~m
(H$moH$_), Om^yi Aer Img H$moH$UmVcr PmS>o lr_hmamOmZr _wm_ cmdcr. lr~m~mZr H$Yr H$mir
EH$Xm nmo_|S>r òWo lr_hmamOm`m OmJoV Amnc WmZ hmd Aer BN>m `$ Ho$cr hmoVr. naVw nwT>o
Vmo ~oV a H$$Z ""AmnU nw`mVM H$moH$U H$$ `m !'' Agohr lr~m~m hUmco. lr_hmamOmZr
nw`m`m g_m{Y_{XamV {VH$moH$U dmQ>oc Aer dZlr \w$cdcr. EH$Xa MdoMmirg H$maMr ~oc,
_Xma, e_r, AmXw~a, nig, dS>, {nni, nmà Aer doJdoJ`m nyOmgmR>r cmJUmar nr, g_rYm
XoUmar PmS>ohr AmdmamV S>mcmZo S>mocy cmJcr Am{U n[agamcm erVcVm XoD$ cmJcr. `m djmda
{d{dY njr _w$m_mcm Amco. `m`m g Hy$OZmZo nhmQ>onhmQ>o _{Xa OmJo hmoD$ cmJco. OmB-OwB,
_moJam, AZV, nm[aOmV, H$mMZ, AJVr, eodVr, gm`nwnr, H$Xir, VJa, P|Sy>, AZoH$ H$maMo
Mm\o$, Jwcm~, Oa~oam, {Oao{Z`_ Aem AZoH$ \w$cmZr nyOo`m naS>m AmogSy>Z dmhy cmJ`m.
Zdomcm KaMr \$i Am{U ^m`m {_iy cmJ`m.
lr_hmamOmMo Am{U lr~m~mMohr EH${Z> ^$ S>m. h[a^mD$ AmR>ò EH$ AmR>dU gmJVmV.
AZoH$ {Xdgm`m VrjoZV a h[a^mD$Zm gaH$mar XdmIm`mV Zo_UyH$ Pm`mMo n {_imco. lr_hmamOmMo
AmerdmX Ko`mgmR>r h[a^mD$ nw`mcm _{XamV Amco; Vohm amrMo 9-9&& dmOco hmoVo. h[a^mD$Zr
XeZ KoD$Z lr_hmamOmZm Amn`mcm ZmoH$ar {_im`mMo gm{JVco. `m~c AmZX `$ H$$Z
_hmamO hUmco, ""Vy AmVm OodyZM Om !'' Am{U _J VoWo Omo H$moUr AmMmar hmoVm `mcm lr_hmamO
hUmco, ""Om ao, ~mJoVyZ Mma Q>mo_Q>mo KoD$Z ò, ^mV Q>mH$, h[a^mD$cm H$mhrVar ^mOr, H$moqe~ra
H$$Z Oodm`cm dmT>.'' hr AmR>dU gmJVmZm AmOhr EdT>m dfmZVa h[a^mD$Mo S>moio ^$Z òVmV !
ghdfmdoar.. / 71
""`m {Xder _cm Oodm`cm KmcyZ lr_hmamOmZr _mPr O_âmMr Anm`mMr gmo` Ho$cr,'' Ag
h[a^mD$ hUVmV. `mM~amo~a _hmamOmZr Amn`m gXJw$Mo Ka ho EImm JhWml_r KamgmaIo
gOdco hmoVo, AJXr Am``m doir Amco`m nmh`mcm V H$a`m`m Q>rZo Xya>rZo H$m`H$m`
`moOZm Ho$`m hmo`m hohr òWo OmUdVo.
_{Xam`m ~mJoV dmJr, ^|S>r, ZdcH$moc, H$mo~r, cmda, Jdma, {_aMr, H$moqW~ra, _mR>,
nmcH$, nS>di, {eamir, Kmogmir, XwYr, Vm|S>cr, H$macr Aem AZoH$ ^m`m KoV`m OmV. D$g
EdT>m hm`Mm H$s H$mhr doim ^$_S>itZm ânya ag `m`cm Xo`mV òV Ago. mjo EdT>r hmoV H$s,
AmR>dUrZo AJXr _w~B`m ^$mZmhr 15-20 {H$cmo mjo nmR>dcr OmV.
lr~m~mMo WmZ ho Zoh_rM d`nyU hmdo hUyZ n`Zerc AgUm`m lr_hmamOmZr g_m{Y_{XamV
AmUIr EH$ d^d H$UmH$UmZo Jmoim Ho$co, `ZnydH$ Omonmgco, Am{U Vo hUOo WmZmV hmoUm`m
gd {Z` Z{_{mH$ H$m`H$_mV H$> H$aUmao, am~Umao Ago d`godH$ Xc ! Xj Am{U g_{nV
dmr`m d`gdo H$m{edm` H$moUVohr _moR>o gmdO{ZH$ H$m` `dpWVar`m hmoV ZgVo. _OwarZo ~mocmdcocr
_mUgo hmVmer Y$Z Aer H$m_o hmoV ZgVmV. {ZXmZ `mV AmnwcH$s, o_, {Ohmim ZgVmo. naVw
lr_hmamOmZr _{XamV òUm`m ^$OZm_YyZ _mUgo ho$Z {ZdSy>Z `mZm `m`m`m`m Hw$dVr_mUo
{d{dY O~m~Xm`m nma nmS>`mgmR>r V`ma Ho$co. R>mHy$ZR>moHy$Z _yVu KS>dmdr Vgo d`godH$ KS>{dco.
`m H$m_r do._y.go JwOtZr lr_hmamOmZm _mocmMr _XV Ho$cr. AmO{_Vrg _{XamV H$m_ H$aUmao
H$mhr d`godH$ ho lr_hmamOm`m doi`m `m`m {Z>mdV H$Vdemcr d`godH$mMr Xwgar{Vgar {nT>r Amho. AmO gmR>r-gmar JmR>coco Am{U lr_hmamOm~amo~a `m gwdmVr`m _Vaco`m
{XdgmV H$m_ Ho$coco d`godH$ gmJVmV H$s _hmamOmZr Am{U go JwOtZr Amhmcm Ajae:
KS>dco. ZrQ>ZoQ>Ho$nUo YmoVa dm gmodio H$go Zogmdo, nmZmV H$moUVm nXmW H$moR>o dmT>mdm, dmT>n
ZrQ>ZoQ>Ho$ H$go H$amdo, _yVvZm Am{U \$moQ>m|Zm ZoQ>Ho$nUo hma H$go Kmcmdo, g^mWmZr ~R>H$m H$em
Kmcm`mV, Ho$co`m H$m_mV gmX`>r H$er Omonmgmdr, Aem EH$ Zm AZoH$ Jmo>r lr_hmamOmZr
m`{jH$mgh {eH$d`m. H$Yr amJmdyZ, AmoaSy>Z, H$R>moa dmH$VmS>Z H$$Z, Va H$Yr o_mZo AmOm$ZJm|Om$Z, em~mgH$s XoD$Z, nmR>rda H$mVwH$mMr Wmn _m$Z d`godH$mZm H$màV Ho$co. hr {eH$dU
Ho$di _{XamV Cn`moJr òUmar ZhVr, Va hr {eXmoar Am`w`â nwaUmar hmoVr Am{U AWnyU OrdZ
`VrV H$am`cm _mJXeZ H$aUmar hmoVr. AZoH$mMr Am`wò lr_hmamOm`m _mJXeZmImcr g_
Pmcr. Amnmn`m `dgm`mV Vo èdr R>aco, H$maU lr_hmamOmMr {eH$dU hr dmrna hmoVr,
{Zdmrna ZhVr.
`m d`godH$m`m ~imda lr_hmamOmZr Aer EH$ {dcjU Ùm C^r Ho$cr H$s Or AmOgwm
Ho$di lr_hmamOmZr {Xco`m oaUo`m Am{U {dMmam`m D$O}da AJXr gwairVnUo Mmcy Amho Am{U
72 && MV`gy` &&
^{d`mVhr Mmcy amhrc `mMr Imr dmQ>Vo. XrKH$mcrZ {Z`moOZ Am{U Xj H$m`nVr Ago Xwhoar
dJU dmn$Z hr Ùm AIS>nUo H$màV amhrc Aer `dWm lr_hmamOmZr Ho$cr Amho. lr~m~m`m
g_m{Y_{XamV Oo d^d lr_hmamOmZr {Z_mU Ho$co, Vo gw`dpWV H$go amhrc Am{U Vo dqJV H$go
hmoBc `mgmR>r _hmamOmZr H$m`H$m` Ho$co Amho Vo nmhmUo hUyZM AmZXXm`r Zho, Va oaUmXm`rgwm
R>aVo; {OkmgyZm A`mgmgmR>r Cw$ H$aVo.
g_m{Y_{Xam`m H$_mZrVyZ AmV Amco H$s gdW_ OmUdVo Vr g emVVm Am{U {dcjU
dN>Vm ! `m Xmohrhr Jmo>r gmYUo Vgo A`V AdKS> H$m_ ! naVw g_m{Y_{XamV `m Xmohr Jmo>r
gXd ZmXV AmhoV `m lr_hmamOmZr KmcyZ {Xco`m {Z`_m_wio, H$m`nVr_wio Am{U H$m_ H$aUm`m
_mUgm`m _ZmV R>g{dco`m g_nUm`m ^mdZo_wio.
g_m{Y_{Xa, {ZdmgWmZ Am{U ZVa 1981 gmcr ~mYcocr "JwH$nm' B_maV amoO dmadma
H$Mam H$mTy>Z Amo`m \$S>`mZo nwgyZ H$mT>cr OmVo. {ZdmgWmZ Am{U JwH$nm `m Xmohr B_maVrV
{_iyZ 20-22 Imo`m AmhoV. 10-12 hmUrKao, 12-15 emMHy$n AmhoV. naVw H$moR>ohr H$Mam,
H$moir>H$, nmcr {XgUma ZmhrV. Imo`mVrc, _{XamVrc, AmdmamVrc H$Mam H$mT>`m`m Ho$agw`m
doJ`m AmhoV Am{U `m R>od`m`m OmJmhr doJdoJ`m ! gmad`m`m Ho$agw`m doJ`m R>odco`m
AmhoV. OmJmoOmJr H$MamHw$S>m AmhoV. amoOMo {Z_m` `dpWV Jmoim H$$Z Img ~mYco`m Hw$S>mV
gmR>dyZ `mMr `dpWVar`m {dhodmQ> cmdcr OmVo. nyOogmR>r EdTo hma, \w$co dmn$Zgwm H$moR>ohr
XoR>, nmH$`m, nmZo nS>cocr gmnS>Uma ZmhrV. _{Xam`m AmdmamV ZmZm VhoMr PmS>o> Am{U docr
AmhoV; naVw amoO XmoZ-XmoZ doim AmdmamVrc H$Mam Jmoim Ho$cm OmVmo. nmdir, moU, H$mJXr ~em,
^mOrnm`mMo XoR>, gmc gma H$MamHw$S>rV Jmoim H$$Z `mMr {dhodmQ> cmdcr OmVo. ~mJoVM _moR>m
H$MamHw$S>m ~ZdyZ `mV H$Mam Jmoim H$$Z Omicm OmVmo AWdm `mMo H$nmoQ> IV ~Zdco OmVo.
ZmZJho Am{U emMHy$n Zoh_r dN> AgVmV. XmamV nm`nwgUr KmVcocr AgVmV Am{U Vr doirM
~Xccr OmVmV, YwVcr OmVmV. _{Xam`m doemamV H$m`mMr nm`KS>r KmVcocr AgVo. Vr {XdgmVyZ
XmoZ doim PQ>Hy$Z dN> H$a`mV òVo. ~mho$Z òUm`m cmoH$mgmR>r hmVnm` Yw`mMr `dWm
gwdmVr`m ^mJmV Amho Am{U ~mho$Z Am`mda W_ hmVnm` YwUo ho gdmZmM ~YZH$maH$ Ho$coco
Amho. {edm` AmdmamV OmJmoOmJr hmV-nm` Yw`mMr `dWm Ho$cocr Amho.
H$mhr {~KS>coco, ZmXwwV, _moS>H$ircm Amcoco Ago lr_hmamOmZm MmcV Zgo. JiHo$ nmBn,
Vw~cocr JQ>mao, gmS>nmUr, VwQ>coco H$S>m-H$mo`S>o, \w$Q>co`m H$mMm, cm|~Umao dmàtJ, AmdmO
H$arV {\$aUmao nIo, Jococo {dOoMo {Xdo, CKS>Pmn H$arV noQ>Um`m Q>wO, dmidr cmJcocr cmH$S>o
Aem Jmo>r g_m{Y_{XamV H$Yrhr {XgUma ZmhrV. Hw$ec, {dmgy Am{U `m WmZmda lm AgUm`m
Aem JdS>r, gwVma, _mir, c~a, BcopQ>{e`Z, AmXr {ZdS>H$ cmoH$mMm gM lr_hmamOmZr V`ma
ghdfmdoar.. / 73
Ho$cm hmoVm. Hw$UmMohr l_ {dZm_mo~Xcm `m`Mo ZmhrV hm lr_hmamOmMm EH$ _hdmMm {Z`_
Ag`m_wio `mZm gXd {dZmgm`mg MmJcr _mUgo {_iV Jocr.
dmnamVrc gd dVy CH$> XOm`m Agm`mV Am{U `m dmnamgmR>r `mo` AdWoV Agm`mV
Agm `mMm AmJh Ago. `m_wio Yma Jococm MmHy$, H$mr, _yR> VwQ>cocr H$mo`Vr qH$dm Hy -S>m`ha,
H$S>r{edm` XadmOm, VmdXmZo \w$Q>co`m {IS>`m, {~ZXmS>mMr Hw$Xi, \$mdS>r, \w$Q>cocr K_ocr
Aem dVy _{XamV H$Yr R>od`m OmV ZgV.
ZdrZ OmJm KoVcr H$s W_ `dpWV gr_m AmIyZ KoD$Z _O~yV Hw$nU qH$dm q^V ~mYyZ _JM
AmVrc gwYmaUmZm gwdmV H$arV. O{_ZrV nwa`mMo cmH$S>r Im~ AgmoV qH$dm Z`mZo cmdco`m
gw$`m chmZ amonQ>mZm AmYma Xo`mgmR>r cmdcocr ~marH$er ~m~yMr XmoZ \y$Q> H$mR>r Agmo, W_
S>m~a cmdyZ _JM H$moUVrhr cmH$S>r dVy O{_ZrV nwam`Mr hr nV lr_hmamOmZr gw$ Ho$cr Am{U
AmOhr Vr H$gmoerZo nmicr OmVo.
Iw _{Xam`m Jm^m`mV Am{U g^mJhmV Va dN>VoMr n[agr_m AmT>iVo. `mgmR>r H$mhr
H$R>moa {Z`_ AmIcoco AmhoV. Vo {Z`_ gdmZm _mhrV hmdoV hUyZ R>iH$nUo \$cH$mda {chZ
R>odcoco AmhoV. AjVm, hiX-Hw$Hy$, Zmai \$moSy>Z `mMo nmUr dJao _yVvda qH$dm {Mmda CS>dyZ
_{Xa AdN> H$a`mg lr_hmamOmZr n> _ZmB Ho$cocr Amho. \w$co, hma nwOm`m_m\$VM `dpWVnUo
AnU H$amd`mMo AgVmV. Jm^m`mVhr nyOm AmQ>mon`mda gd CnH$aUr, nmQ>, \w$cm`m naS>m
hcdyZ cmXr dN> nwgyZ gmam Jm^mam EImm gwXa {Mm_mUo ZrQ>ZoQ>H$m H$$Z R>odcocm AgVmo.
VrZVrZ doim cmXr nwgcr Var ""nm`mcm Yyi cmJVo Amho. Vwhr cmXr ZrQ> nwgcr Zmhr,'' Aer
VH$ma H$$Z _hmamO g~{YV godoH$`mMr hOoar KoV AgV. Aem Xj ZOao_wio gd _{XamMr Am{U
n[agamMr XoI^mc Cm_ VhoZo Ho$cr Om`Mr.
H$mhr dVy amoO`m dmnamgmR>r AgVmV, Va H$mhr \$$ Cgdm`m doir, g^mg_ma^m`m doir
dmnamd`m`m AgVmV. Aem dVy Zoh_r dmnamV ZgVmV, `m_wio `m`m XoI^mcrH$S>o {deof cj
mdo cmJVo. lr~m~m`m g_m{Y_{XamV {Z` dmnam`m dVygmR>r EH$ doJir noQ>r hmoVr. `m_ò
nyOoMo nmQ>, lr~m~m`m eoOoMm N>moQ>m ncJ, JmXr, Cer, V`m, emc, nmK$U Aem Jmo>r
R>odco`m AgV. nmcIrgmR>r {ZdmgWmZm`m n{h`m _O`mda EH$ _moR>m noQ>mam ~ZdyZ KoVcocm
Amho. `m noQ>m`mV JwP~, Hw$~S>m, N>-Mm_a, Md`m, M-gy`, J$S>, hZw_V, {ZemUo, aoe_r
Jm|S>o, nmcIrV cmdm``m ~Q>arda MmcUm`m {X`m`m _mim, nmcIrdarc ZjrXma AmN>mXZ
(qnOar), qnOarMr Pmca, Ago gd gm_mZ H$mnS>r Imoit_ò ^$Z S>m~aJmo`m Am{U V~mmyMr
nmZo KmcyZ `dpWVnUo R>odcoco AgVo. H$cmHw$garMo H$m_ Ho$cocm, Xmohr ~mOyg qgh_wIo H$moacocm
nmcIrMm XmS>m H$mnS>mV `dpWV JwS>miyZ N>Vmcm Q>mJyZ R>odcocm AgVmo, Va noQ>m`mV gd gm_mZ
74 && MV`gy` &&
R>od`mda `m noQ>m`m`m PmH$Umda nmcIr H$mnS>mZo AmN>mXyZ R>od`mV òVo. gdm`m OmJm
R>aco`m (lr_hmamOmZr R>adco`m) AmhoV. nmcIr X{jUo`m doioAmYr XmoZ Vmg ho gm_mZ
H$mTy>Z nmcIr eJmacr OmVo Am{U nmcIr gmohim gn`mda ho gd gm_mZ ZrQ>ZoQ>Ho$nUo nyddV
R>oD$Z _JM d`godH$ A` H$m_mH$S>o diVmV. noQ>r, V~cm, _XJ, drUm, Q>mi ho gd gm{h`
cmH$S>r noQ>mVyZ R>odcoco AgVo. `k-`mJ, hdZ dJao gJrM \$$ dmnacr OmUmar ^mS>r, Vm~o,
n`m, nMnm`m, AaUr-_Wm, nyUmhVr`m doir cmJUmar cmH$S>r {VnmB d nm, gwdUmMr gmIir,
MmaJ, nmQ> ho gmao {d{e> {R>H$mUrM gJ{hV H$$Z R>odcoco AgVo. `mM_mUo `km`m doir
cmJUmao XodXodVm Am{U ZdJh `mMo R>go, do gd AJXr `dpWVar`m `m`m`m`m {Z`mo{OV
{R>H$mUrM R>odcoco AgVo.
AmgZo, OmO_o, gVa`m EH$m OmJr ~mH$mda `dpWV KS>m KmcyZ aMyZ R>odcocr AgVmV.
Km|JS>m, gVa`m, MmXar, Cem, Aô, nmgmoS>m q^Vr_Yrc H$nmQ>m_YyZ ZrQ>ZoQ>Ho$nUmZo R>odco`m
AgVmV. dmnamZVa `m YwD$Z, dmidyZ ChmV VmndyZ R>odco`m AgVmV. d`nmH$KamV Ymò,
H$S>Ymò, Voc, gmIa, JwimnmgyZ gd nXmWmMr gmR>dU KS>d`mda, _mS>rda AWdm ViKamV
ZrQ>nUo Ho$cocr AgVo. gm`H$mir ~mOmamVyZ VrZ-Mma naS>m \w$co AmUcr H$s naS>mda Amoco
\$S>Ho$ KmcyZ hmXmda `m naS>m R>odVmV, `m_wio \w$co VmOr amhmVmV.
gma _{XaM gXd g d n{d dmQ>V Vo Aem Xj {ZJamUr_wio. _{XamMo doema AmocmSy>Z
AmV nmD$c Q>mH$co H$s ~mhoarc JXu, JS>~S>, Jm|Yi, H$mocmhc, AdN>Vm ho gd ~mhoa amhmVo
Am{U AmnU EH$m Vnmo^y_rV doe Ho$cm Amho `mMr AmnmoAmn _Zmcm OmUrd hmoVo. _Zmcm EH$
{dcjU emVVm Am{U ngVm cm^Vo Am{U _J ^$mMr nmdco dmadma _{XamH$S>o diy cmJVmV.
Ago WmZ KS>{dVmZm lr_hmamOmZr Amn`m gd e$s EH$dQy>Z dfmZwdf} H$m_ Ho$co Vo AmO
_yV$nmZo AmnU nmhmV AmhmoV !
D D D
ghdfmdoar.. / 75
H$aU : 10
nw`nmZmg KodmoZr Jhmg & gm^mimdo Img _OcmJr &&

lr~m~m`m _hm{ZdmUmZVa dfâmnojm A{YH$ H$mi g_m{YWmZmMm H$ma^ma {ZZm`H$s AdWoV
Mmccm hmoVm. `m H$mimV g_m{Y_{Xamcm gWm_H$ $n Xo`mV `m doir VoWo òUm`m _wI
{e`dJmcm nyUnUo Anè Amco hmoVo. `mcm _w`V: `m gd {e`m_Yrc {dgdmX H$maUr^yV
hmoVm. d`{$H$ _hdmH$mjm, AhH$ma Am{U nanam{df`r of, _ga `m_wio H$moUrM A` H$moUmcm
H$mhr H$$ XoV ZhVo Am{U lr~m~m`m g_m{Y_{XamMo H$m` JVr H$aV ZhVo.
lr_hmamOmZr 1955`m gQ>|~a-AmQ>mo~anmgyZ nwT>mH$ma KoVcm Am{U _J ""òVrc `m`mgh,
Z òVrc `m`m{edm` Am{U {damoY H$aVrc `mMm {damoY _moSy>Z H$mTy>Z'' g_m{Y_{XamMo H$m_ gw$
Ho$co. lr_hmamOm`m H$m_mMm PnmQ>m gdmZm pV{_V H$aUmam hmoVm. n{h`m VrZ-Mma dfmVM XoIUo
g_m{Y_{Xa, lrgXJw dmgwXodmZV gad{V {ZdmgmMr ^` B_maV, AmdmamMo {dVmarH$aU,
~mJ~JrMm `mgh {d{dY Cgd, gU, Ym{_H$ H$m`H$_ AmXtMo Am`moOZ `m_wio lr~m~m`m WmZmcm
CH$fmMr Pimir m Pmcr. CJdUmam òH$ {Xdg `m WmZm`m d^dmV nS>cocr âM nmhmV
hmoVm. ^$JUm`m CnpWVrV dmT> hmoD$ cmJcr. dmV{dH$ lr~m~m`m {e`mZm AmZX dmQ>mdm
AemM `m gd KQ>Zm hmo`m.
naVw Varhr WmZm`m JVr_wio AmZX dmQ>`mEodOr H$mhrOUmZm nmoQ>XwIr gw$ Pmcr. ""lr~m~mMm
_r godH$ Amho, lr~m~m`m WmZmVrc PmSy>dmcm Amho,'' Ago lr_hmamO dV: Z_nUo hUV
AgV. naVw lr_hmamOmMo H$m`, `mMo _hd Am{U `mgmR>r lr_hmamO H$arV Agcocr AIS>
YS>nS> AmoiIUmao gdgm_m` ^$OZ lr_hmamOm{df`r Omo AmXa `$ H$arV `m_wio AZoH$m`m
_ZmV AgwòMo {df {^Zco. lr_hmamOmMo _moR>onU AmH$cZ Z Pmcoco Am{U dV:Mo gm_m`nUhr Z
g_Ococo AZoH$OU ""Jw~Yy'' `m Zm`mZo lr_hmamOm`m ~amo~arZo WmZmV dmd$Z Amnco _hd
dmT>dy cmJco. `mVrc H$mhtZm Va lr~m~m`m gmXm`mMo ZoVd H$a`mMrhr gw _hdmH$mjm hmoVr.
Amnco hoVy gm` H$a`mgmR>r H$moU`mhr Wamcm Om`mMr `mMr V`mar hmoVr.
naVw `mnH$s H$moUmcmhr Amncm Cmam{YH$mar hUyZ lr~m~mMo AmerdmX cm^coco ZhVo. lr~m~mZr
`mgmR>r lr_hmamOmMr {Z`w$s Ho$cr hmoVr. lr_hmamOmZr Amnco gnUy OrdZ lr~m~m _hmamOm`m
MaUr dmhZ Q>mH$co hmoV.o lt`m WmZmMm _{h_m dmT>{dUo `m EH$mM ò`mZo o[aV hmoD$Z lr_hmamO
WmZm`m CH$fmgmR>r AZoH${dY Jmo>r H$arV hmoVo Am{U `m_wio WmZmVrc Nw>no {hVey, dmWu Am{U
H$maWmZr H$madm`m H$aUmao AgVw > Aem cmoH$mZm lr_hmamOmZr Ho$di `m WmZm`m CH$fmgmR>r,
76 && MV`gy` &&
hmVr KoVco`m H$m`Xoera A{YH$mamMm dmna H$$Z WmZm~mhoaMm aVm XmI{dcm. Aem g_Xw:Ir
_mUgmZr ~mhoa EH$ òD$Z Ic~Vo Ho$cr Am{U _{Xam`m H$ma^mamda nwhm H$Om {_idVm `mdm
`mgmR>r ho g_m{YWmZ gmdO{ZH$ XodWmZ R>ad`mV `mdo Agm AO 1961 gmcr lr.hnarH$a,
A{gQ>Q> M[aQ>r H${_eZa, nwUo `mMoH$S>o lr.Eg.Ama.Am~oH$a `m`m Zmdo Ho$cm. lr.^mH$a Omoer,
lr._mYd {MVio, lr.dgV \$S>Ho$ AmXr cmoH$hr `m H$maWmZmV gh^mJr hmoVo. lr.Am~oH$amMo
dH$sc lr.Or.Eg.Omoer hmoVo. lr_hmamO ho crO hmoS>a Va gm.{Z_cmVmB Iao `m _mcH$ hUyZ,
XmoKmZmhr {VdmXr ~Z{d`mV Amco hmoVo. lr_hmamOmV\}$ lr.AZVamd VWm XmXmgmho~ XoenmS>o
Am{U lr.nmfmUH$a `m XmoZ d{H$cmZr H$m_ nm{hco. lr_hmamO H$moUVmhr `dhma H$aVmZm Vmo nyUnUo
H$m`Xoera Agmdm `m{df`r A{Ve` Xj AgV. gd H$mJXno n[anyU AgV. Vr gd Amn`m
gJhr OnyZ R>odrV AgV. `m_wio _wimVM H$mhrhr V` Zgcocm hm Xmdm {Q>H$UoM e` ZhVo. naVw
lr_hmamOmZm Ho$di mg m`Mm `m hoVyZoM hm Xmdm JwXa`mV Amcm hmoVm. AZoH$ IQ>nQ>r, cQ>nQ>r
H$$Z Vmo VrZ-Mma df} cm~{d`mV Amcm. AIoarg 1965 gmcr `m IQ>`mMm {ZU` Xo`mV
Amcm. lr~m~mMo g_m{Y_{Xa ho nyUV: gm.{Z_cmVmB Iao `m`m _mcH$sMo ImgJr WmZ Amho. Vo
gmdO{ZH$ WmZ Zmhr VgoM lr.{d.J.Omoer (lr_hmamO) ho `m WmZmMo H$m`Xoera crO hmoS>a
AmhoV Agm {Z:g{XY {ZH$mc lr.hnarH$a `mZr {Xcm. lr.Am~Ho $a ho `m doir A{ncmV Joco ZhVo.
`m_wio ho gd H$aU Mma df} lr_hmamOmZm mg XoD$Z VoWM
o Wm~co. Xmdm XmIc H$aUmao lr.Am~Ho $a
Xmdm XmIc H$a`mnydu ghm _{hZo _{XamV dmV`mcm hmoVo. naVw lr_hmamOmZm mg Xo`mgmR>r
EdT>m Imc`m Wamcm Joco Am{U nwT>o Amn`mM H$_mMo \$i hUyZ Am{WH$Q>m A{Ve`
AS>MUrV Amco. `mZm ZmXmar Omhra H$amdr cmJcr. S>mo`mda dV:Mo gmoMo N>nahr Caco Zmhr.
1980-81 gmcr lr.JJmYa ^mH$a Omoer Am{U lr.nmSw>aJ JUoe JmoJQ>o `m XmoZ JhWmZr
nwhm EH$Xm hmM {df` CH$$Z H$mTy>Z {Ohm H$moQ>mV Xmdm JwXacm Am{U lr~m~mMo _{Xa ho gmdO{ZH$
_{Xa R>a{d`mMr _mJUr Ho$cr. XrKH$mi `m dmXmMo Km|JS>o {ÔV nS>coco hmoVo. AIoarg E{c
1994 _ò {Ohm `m`mc`mZo ho WmZ lr~m~m`m _wcrMo hUOo gm.{Z_cmVmB Iao `m`m nyU
_mcH$sMo ImgJr WmZ Amho Agm n> {ZU` {Xcm Am{U {edm` `m nwT>o nwhm hm CnpWV
H$a`mg _mmd Ho$cm.
`m XoemMo H$m`XoH$mZy Oo AgVrc Vo VVmoVV nmi`m{df`r lr_hmamO A{Ve` AmJhr AgV.
H$m`XonmcZ H$aUo ho `m`m >rZo Z{VH$ dVZ hmoVo. H$m`Xm _moS>Uo ho nmnmMaU hmoVo. lr.eaX
H$moH$Oo `mZr EH$Xm aZm{JarhZ lr_hmamOmZm nmoQ>m`m nm{H$Q>mVyZ nmR>{dco`m nmgmo~V 5 nò
lr~m~m`m _{XamV AnU H$a`mgmR>r nmR>{dco. Vo n Am{U Vo 5 nò nm{h`mda lr_hmamOmZr
lr.H$moH$Oo `mZm EH$ n a{OQ>S> nmoQ>mZo nmR>dco. `m_ò `mZr {c{hco Amho H$s, ngo Zoh_r
nw`nmZmg.. / 77
_{ZAmS>aZoM nmR>dmdo. Ago nm{H$Q>mVyZ ngo nmR>{dUo ~oH$m`Xm Amho. Ago H$aUo XoemMo ZwH$gmZ H$aUo
Amho. AmnU Zoh_r Amncr XoUJr _{ZAmS>aZo nmR>dm. dmQ>`mg H${_eZMo ngo `m XoUJrVyZ H$mnyZ
Cacoco ngo nmR>dmdoV; naVw H$moU`mhr n[apWVrV nwhm Ago ngo AZ{YH$V _mJmZo nmR>dy ZòV.
gdgm_m` _mUyg Agm {dMma H$arc H$s Ago nmM n`mMo H${_eZ Vo {H$Vr AgUma Am{U
`mgmR>r nwhm a{OQ>S> nmMm IQ>mQ>mon Am{U IM AH$maUM Zmhr H$m` ! naVw `m N>moQ>mem
gJmVyZ lr_hmamOm`m OrdZ{Z>m AJXr cIcIrVnUo {XgyZ òVmV. _{XamVyZ _S>BV ^mOr
AmUm`cm OmUm`m _mUgmZo Amncr gm`H$c 1 AmUm XoD$Z A{YH$V gm`H$c Q>Sda C^r
H$amdr, a`m`m H$S>ocm H$moR>oVar AZ{YH$VnUo C^r H$$ Zò Aer `mMr g$ VmH$sX Agm`Mr.
Aem N>moQ>m Jmo>rVgwm loZo H$m`XmnmcZ H$aUm`m lr_hmamOmZm H$moUr AmH$gmZo H$m`m`m
H$MmQ>mV nH$Sy> nmhmdo ho nyUnUo hm`mnX hmoVo. _m Ago AZoH$ gJ nwT>ohr Amco.
lr.IS>oamd dmKmH$Sy>Z lr_hmamOmZr "937 gr' hm cmQ> KoVcm `m doirM "937 ~r' hm
cJVMm cmQ>hr Vm|S>r H$amamZo, Vm~o d{hdmQ>rZo IaoXr Ho$cm hmoVm. `mMo arVga H$mJXn _m `m
doir H$amd`mMo amhZ Joco hmoVo. _m VoWo ~mJ dJao H$a`mV Amcr hmoVr. ~mhoaJmd`m _S>itMr
Cgdm`m doir CVa`mMr `dWm VoWo \$aerda VmnwaVm _S>n KmcyZ H$a`mV òB. {edm`
ZmZJho-emMHy$n Ago VmnwaVo ~mYH$m_hr `mM OmJoda hmoVo. _m hm EH$_od, n{hcm Am{U eodQ>Mm
Agm `dhma hmoVm OoWo IaoXrIV dJao H$m`Xoera ~m~tMr nyVVm lr_hmamOmZr Ho$cr ZhVr. Zo_H$m
`mM Jmo>rMm Ja\$m`Xm Ko`mMm `Z lr.dmK `m`m Hw$Qw>~r`mH$Sy>Z 1977-78 gmcr Pmcm. `mZr
gXa cmQ>da O~aXVrZo H$Om H$a`mMm `Z Ho$cm. `m doir lr_hmamOmZr Amnco `mdhm[aH$
kmZ Am{U H$m`mMo kmZ `mMr gmJS> KmcyZ `mMo gd `Z Ag\$c R>adco. {ghrc H$moQ>mVyZ
`mZm VmH$sX XoddyZ g_PmoVm H$amd`mg cmdcm Am{U IaoXr `dhmam`m gd H$m`Xoera VaVwXr
nyU H$$Z ZVa Vr O_rZ lr{d>camd Omoer M[aQ>rO Q>Q>`m dmYrZ Ho$cr. lr_hmamOmMo {ZU`
Am{U `mMr A_c~OmdUr hr Zoh_r {dOo`m doJmZo Agm`Mr. hm VQ>m CX>^dcm `m doir `m
cmQ>cm H$Zmc amoS>H$S>o CKS>Umao _moR>o \$mQ>H$ hmoVo. `m cmQ>`m gwa{jVVo`m >rZo Vo ~X H$aUo
Amd`H$ hmoVo, H$maU VoWyZ KwgImoar hmo`mMr e`Vm hmoVr. lr_hmamOmZr Ajae: EH$m amrV VoWo
H$m`m XJS>mMr ^$_ q^V ~mYyZ H$mTy>Z Vo \$mQ>H$ H$m`_Mo ~X H$adyZ KoVco.
nw`mVrc lr~m~m _hmamOmMo WmZmV H$m` qH$dm S>oadU WmZmV H$m` {dZgVmofr dmr`m
_mUgmZr lr_hmamOmZm CgV {_iy Z Xo`mMm OUy nUM Ho$cm hmoVm.
dmadma _wI^J hmoD$Zhr, lr_hmamOm`m {damoYmV H$mhr AgVw> `$s dmadma H$madm`m H$arVM
hmo`m. lr_hmamOm`m gS>oVmoS> dmr_wio, _{Xam`m gX^mV AZoH$ `$s`m ~m~VrV lr_hmamO
H$Qy> nU An[ahm` Ago {ZU` Ko`mg _mJonwT>o nmhmV ZgV. _{Xao, gnwfmMo _R>, Ym{_H$ gWm_ò
78 && MV`gy` &&
Zoh_rM ""hmeo, Zdeo, Jdeo'' Ago gd H$maMo cmoH$ AgVmV. H$mhtZm Amnco AdS>~a _mOdm`Mo
AgVo. H$mhtZm VoWo Am{WH$ cyQ> H$am`Mr AgVo. H$mhtZm Ho$di {_>mo Im`Mr AgVmV. lr~m~m`m
Yw_mi {~pS>J_Y`m ImocrVhr Ago cmoH$ hmoVoM. lr~m~m`m JmXrImcrc ngo hiyM CMcUmao
cmoH$ hmoVo, S>~o CKSy>Z cmSy> noT>o ImUmao cmoH$ hmoVo. lr~m~mZr `m`m dmrcm gmOogo dmJyZ Aem
Jmo>tH$S>o H$mUmS>moim Ho$cm. ${MVM H$YrVar gm~UmMo cmSy> H$$Z R>odco, nU `mVhr J_VrMm ^mJ
A{YH$ ! naVw lr_hmamO lr~m~m`m d^dmMo ""nhmaoH$ar'' hmoVo. `mZr dV:cm ~m~mMo "`dWmnH$'
Aergwm CnmYr H$Yr cmdyZ KoVcr Zmhr. `m_wio lr~m~mMo godH$ hUyZ dV:cm Y` _mZUmao
lr_hmamO _{XamVrc EH$Xa `dhmamH$S>o S>mo`mV Voc KmcyZM nmhmV hmoVo. `m_wio AZoH$ cmoH$mMo
gw hoVy gm` hmo`mV lr_hmamOmMm AS>Wim hmoD$ cmJcm. AZoH$m`m _hdmH$mjmZm cJm_
~gco.
lr.H$mio `m`m 19.2.1955`m nmV `mZr EH$ VH$ma Ho$cr Amho. {VMm ^mdmW Agm H$s
gdmMr Aer Anojm Amho H$s, H$mio `mZr godm H$amdr, nU Q>Q>t`m VmZo, Vo gmJVrc Vgo dmJmdo,
`mZr `dWm nmhmdr, nU gmodio Amodio H$$ Zò d Amhmcm H$a`mg gmJy Zò. Am{U hUyZ
""dflm H$$Z {Zdm hmdo'' Ago {dMma lr~m~m`m Xoh`mJmZVa ghm _{h`mVM H$mi|`m
_ZmV Kmoiy cmJco. lr_hmamOm`m ~m~VrV `mVrc H$mhrM g^d ZhVo. lr~m~mMm AmXoe `m
`{V[a$ A` H$moUmMmhr AmXoe Vo KoUma ZhVo, H$moUm`m VmZo dmJUma ZhVo Am{U hmVr
KoVcocr lr~m~mMr nVmH$m mJm H$$Z Imcrhr R>odUma ZhVo.
`m_wio "òZ Ho$Z H$maoU' lr_hmamOmZm lr~m~m`m _{XamVyZ WmZ^> H$aUo hm `m AgVw>mMm
EH$ H$c_r H$m`H$_ hmoVm Am{U `mgmR>r Vo nwhmnwhm EH$ òD$Z CMc ImV hmoVo. _wimdaM Kmd
Kmc`mgmR>r lr.ZriH$R>amd Am{U gm.{Z_cmVmB Iao `mZm ôQ>yZ `mMo _Z H$cw{fV H$$Z `m`mH$adr
lr_hmamOmZm eh mdm Ago `Z gw$ Pmco. `mgmR>r _w~B-nw`mV ~R>H$m Ic~Vo Pmcr. d`mcm
{e>_S>io admZm Pmcr. naVw ho gmao `Z lr.ZriH$R>amd `mZrM hmUyZ nmS>co.
`m gX^mV EH$ _hdmMr Jmo> Aer H$s lr~m~m`m cmQ>Mo _mcH$s h$ gm.{Z_cmVmBH$Sy>Z
IaoXr H$$Z _J VoWo npcH$ Q>Q> Wmnmdm d {e`mZr VoWo Q>Q>r hUyZ H$ma^ma nmhmdm Agm _w`
_Vdmh hmoVm. ""Omd`m`m d _wcr`m H$MrV Z amhVm dVnUo _mcH$s _mJyZ `mdr Am{U _J
`dWm nmhmdr,'' Agm gya nmV AmhoM. `m_wio, `m nm^y_rda lr_hmamOmZr _m ho ~m~mMo
WmZ gXd lr~m~m`m dmagm`mM Zmdo amhrc Aer `dWm H$$Z Ho$di "gXJwMaUaO' Aem
{dZ_ ^mdZoZo ho WmZ Cô Ho$co hmoVo. `m {Xder crO Sr>S> Zm|X{d`mV Amco, `m {X. 18.8.1956
amoOrM doemamda Zm_\$cH$ cmdcm Vmo _mcH$ gm.{Z_cmVmB ZriH$R> Iao, crO hmoS>a lr.{d>c
JUoe Omoer, Agm hmoVm. Cgdm`m {Z_U n{Ho$Vhr AmdOyZ òH$ doir VgmM CoI H$a`mV
nw`nmZmg.. / 79
òV hmoVm. Agm CoI H$aUo hr H$m`XoeraQ>m Amd`H$ VaVyX ZhVr, Va `m_mJo \$ma {dZ_
^mdZm `mhr doir hmoVr Am{U AmOhr Amho.
`m_wio _wm_ lr.Iao `mZm ôQ>m`cm d`mcm OmUmao VWmH${WV {hVqMVH$ Am{U lr_hmamO
`m`mVrc \$aH$ lr.Iao `mZm _mhrV hmoVm Am{U `mZrM `mMo _Zgw~o CYiyZ cmdco.
1979-80 gmcrhr nwhm EH$Xm lr_hmamOm`m {damoYmV EH$ _moR>r `mnH$ _mohr_ CKS>`mV
Amcr hmoVr. `m doir AZoH$ AmKmS>mda EH$mM doir `Z H$a`mV òV hmoVo. `mgmR>r lr_hmamOmda
EH$ AJXr gnyUnUo Ag` Ago ~mcQ> aM`mV Amco. gaH$ma Xa~mar ImoQ>o AO H$a`mV Amco.
VH$mcrZ _w`_`m~amo~a gYmZ ~mYyZ `m`mH$adr nw`m`m nmocrg H${_eZacm MmH$erMo
Img AmXoe Xo`mV Amco. `mM doir lr_hmamOm`m ^$mZm lr_hmamOm{df`r A`V J{cN>
_OHw$amZo ~a~Q>cocr {ZZmdr no nmR>{d`mV Amcr. `m gm`m fS>`m_mJo _w~BMo ~mJcH$a,
Q>r.Eg.V|Sw>cH$a, {dUy {MniyUH$a, cm|T>o, VgoM nw`mMo EZ.Ama.\$S>Ho$, lrnmX JmoIco Ago H$mhr
cmoH$ hmoVo.
`m doir nmocrg H${_eZa lr.gh^moOZo `mZr Amn`m MmH$er AhdmcmV ""lr~m~mMo WmZ
lr_hmamOmH$Sy>Z OmD$Z Vo Amn`m hmVmV `mdo `m _crZ hoVyZo {dUy {MniyUH$a d Q>r.Eg.V|Sw>cH$a
`m`mgh H$mhr cmoH$mZr _hmamOm{d ~XZm_rH$maH$ AO JwXa`mMm ImoS>gminUm Ho$cocm AgyZ
`mnH$s Hw$R>`mhr AmamonmV `pH$MrVhr V` Zmhr'' Agm gmYma {ZH$f H$mTy>Z Amncm Ahdmc
_w`_`mH$S>o nmR>{dcm.
D D D
A^J
~wr Zmoho Wra, gmoS>r {ZO$n & A{Z`t A_yn gwI _mZr &&
Ymd| R>m`r R>m`r, A{dMmar nmR>t & {dMma {ZJwVr gmS>mo{Z`m &&
{ddoH$mMm hmV gmoS>mo{Z`m XoB & Zm{edV R>m`t Ymd| {Z` &&
Xmg hUo ~w{ H$amoZr`m ew & H$at ~w{ ~ {ddoH$mV &&
80 && MV`gy` &&
1
2
3
4
H$aU : 11
IimMr Xw~
w r & Zmedr gH$i &&
lr_hmamOm`m {hVeyZr lr_hmamOmZm mg Xo`mgmR>r Oo AZoH$ CnX>`mn Ho$co `mVrc Am`H$a
Im`mMm N>mnm> hm `m doir \$ma MM}Mm {df` Pmcm hmoVm. A{Vh`mgr d^mdm`m EH$m JhWmZm
lr_hmamOmZr `m`m cmo^rnUm_wio Xya Ho$co hmoVo. `m_wio {~Waco`m `m JhWmZr Am`H$a Im`mH$S>o
AO Ho$cm H$s _R>m_ò _moR>m _mUmV ~o{hemo~r gnmr Amho. Am`H$a Im`mZo {X.27 Zmoh|~a
1982 `m {Xder nwUo, S>oadU Am{U lr.dmcmdcH$a `m _{Xam`m _wI {dVm`m _w~BVrc
{ZdmgWmZmda EH$mM doir N>mnm Q>mH$cm. lr_hmamOmZr AVkmZmZo òD$ KmVcoco gH$Q> AmYrM
OmUco hmoVo. `mZr Cgdm`m IMmgmR>r `m {Xdgm`m AmYr H$mhr {Xdg gw_mao gVam cmImMr
amoI a$_ nw`mVrc WmZmV AmUyZ R>odcr hmoVr. _w~B Am{U S>oadU òWo H$mhrhr Amjonmh gmnS>co
Zmhr; naVw nw`mcm _m gVam cmImMr amoI a$_ {_imcr Am{U Vr _moR>r ~mV_r R>acr.
N>m`mMr H$m`dmhr Mmcy AgVmZm lr_hmamO hm gmam H$ma AJXr A{cnUo, emVnUo AZw^dV
hmoVo. `mZr `m doir H$moUVrhr {V{H$`m `$ Ho$cr ZhVr. _m Am`H$a Im`mMo nWH$ Oohm naV
Joco, Vohm lr_hmamO {ZdmgWmZm`m XmamV Cô hmoVo. `m doir Vo EdT>oM hUmco, ""lr~m~mMo ho
WmZ gm`m OJmV `mVH$sV hmoBc Ago _r nmhrZ.'' nwT>o XmoZ df} `m Ho$gMr nyU MmH$er hmoD$Z,
`m{Z{_mmZo lr~m~m`m _{Xamer g~{YV gd `dhmamMr H$mQ>oH$moa VnmgUr hmoD$Z, _{Xam`m
`dhmamV H$moUVmhr Ja`dhma Zmhr Ago _m` H$$Z Vo gVam cmI nò Am`H$a {d^mJmZo
YZmXoemmao naV Ho$co. ho EH$ _moR>o A{{X` hmoVo, H$maU `mV lr_hmamOm`m d`{$H$ {V>o~amo~a
lr~m~m`m WmZmMr {VR>mhr H$gmcm cmJcocr hmoVr Am{U `m Xmohr Jmo>r ew ~mdZH$er
gmo`m_mUoM PimiyZ CR>`m.
N>mnm Q>mH$Um`m nWH$mV Mma-nmM p`mgh EHy$U MmXm-nYam cmoH$ hmoVo. `mVrc H$mhrOUmMo
dmJUo A{YH$mamMr Jw_u XmIdUmao hmoVo. naVw `m gdmZm _{XamV XeZmgmR>r òUm`m ^$OZm_mUoM
AmnwcH$sMr dmJUyH$ {_imcr. Mhm, ImUo Xo`mV Amco. EdT>oM Zho Va `m gJ`mZm gmX
hUyZ H$mnS>-MmonS>, p`mZm gmS>mhr Xo`mV Am`m Am{U _{XamV CncY Agco`m JmS>m_YyZ
`mZm KamoKar nmohmoMd`mV Amco, H$maU Vmon`V Anam Pmcr hmoVr. `m gm`m gmOèrc
dmJUwH$s_wio Vo cmoH$ Am`M{H$V Pmco. ImoQ>m VH$mard$Z N>mnm Q>mH$mdm cmJcm hUyZ `mVrc
H$mhtZr ZVa IoXhr `$ Ho$cm.
lr_hmamOm`m _ZmV lr~m~m`m WmZmMo ^mdr H$mimVrc Oo {M hmoVo Vo A{Ve` ^` {X`
IimMr Xw~wr.. / 81
AgoM hmoVo. Oar lr~m~mMo _{Xa `m doir gmYogo, chmZgo hmoVo Var Vo "VmnwaVo' Amho Am{U nwT>o
`mo` doir A{Ve` gwXa dmVw{en `m OmJr C^ma`mV òBc Ago Vo Zoh_r hUV. ho jo
JmUJmnyagmaIo ^$m`m JXuZo JO~OyZ OmBc. XeZmgmR>r nwUo Q>oeZn`V cm~Mcm~ amJm cmJVrc
Ago Vo gmJV. hOma df} lr~m~m òWo amhmUma AmhoV Am{U hOma df} ho WmZ cmImo ^m{dH$mMo
lmWmZ, VrWjo ~ZyZ amhmUma Amho, ^m{dH$ ^$mMo, _w_wjyMo \y${VWmZ hmoUma Amho Agm
`mMm {dmg hmoVm. lr~m~m`m _{Xam`m n[agamV AZoH$ CnH$_mMr _whV_oT> `mZm amodm`Mr
hmoVr. òWo Cm_ doXnmR>emim Agmdr, `mVyZ emewnUo doXm``Z H$aUmao {dmZ d{XH$ Am{U
`m{kH$ ~mU V`ma hmdoV, òWo Cm_ dH$s` godm CncY hmdr, JmoaJ[a~mZm VoWo nadS>Vrc
Aem XamV AmfYmonMma {_imdoV, gd g_mOmZo òWo òD$Z EH${VnUo gU, g_ma^, Cgd gmOao
H$amdoV OoUoH$$Z {dIwacocm qhXy g_mO EH$OyQ,> EH$_yR> hmoBc. òWo H$Wm-H$sVZo dMZmmao
Amn`m g_mOm`m Om{Udm g_ hm`m; òWo kmZmMr CnmgZm hmdr, òWo ~cmMr CnmgZm
hmdr; WmoS>`mV nwfmWgn, ~cemcr, gmpdH$ Aem g_mOmMr OS>UKS>U `m WmZmVrc
CnH$_mmao hmdr OoUoH$$Z Amncr ^maV^y_r nwhm "gwdU^y_r' hmoBc.
^` {MmgmR>r H$Zhmghr VgmM _moR>m hdm. lr~m~m`m _{Xam^modVmcMr Vohm CncY
Agcocr OmJm ^{d`H$mimV Anwar nS>Uma Amho ho lr_hmamOmZr AmoiIco hmoVo. 1959 gmcr
~mYcocr "lrg dmgwXodmZV gad{V {Zdmg' hr B_maV AmVm òUm`m ^$mMr gmo` H$a`mMo
>rZo VgoM _{XamVrc {d{dY dVyMr gmR>dU, {ZJm amIUo `mgmR>r Anwar dmQy> cmJcr hmoVr, hUyZ
"937 gr' `m cmQ>_ò EH$ MmJcr eV B_maV ~mYm`Mo R>aco.
1981 gmcr `m B_maVrMo H$m_ gw$ H$a`mV Amco. `m doir lr_hmamOm`m _mJXeZmImcr
lr AemoH$ aKwZmW Omoer (lrH$mH$m _hmamO) `mZr `m B_maVr`m C^maUrMo H$m_ nm{hco. hr B_maV
Ama.gr.gr. Am{U cmoS> ~oAatJ Aem Xmohr nVtMo {_lU H$$Z C^ma`mV Amcr. lr AemoH$amd
ho dV: CH$> Am{U AZw^dr Wmn` A{^`Vm ! lr_hmamOmZr ~mYH$m_ emmVrc H$moUVohr
{ejU KoVcoco ZhVo. Varhr hr B_maV C^r H$aVmZm _mc ({g_oQ>, dmiy, nmUr `mMo {_lU) {H$Vr
K> H$amdm, ~mYH$m_m`m {dQ>m {H$Vr doi {ÔdyZ dmnam`m Aem N>moQ>mN>moQ>m ~m~VrVhr
A{YH$madmUrZo lr_hmamO lrH$mH$mZm _mJXeZ H$arV. VoWo OUy H$mhr lrH$mH$mgmR>r COiUrdJM
Mmcy hmoVm. B_maV Aer ^$_ Pmcr nm{hOo H$s, _moR>m ^yH$nmVgwm Vr gwa{jV am{hcr nm{hOo
Ago gy lr_hmamO `m doir gdm`m _Zmda dmadma q~~drV. 1981 `m, 8 Vo 14 OmZodmar `m
H$mcmdYrV F$H$g{hVm dmhmH$ma Pmcm. `m H$mcmdYrVM `m B_maVrMo ^y{_nyOZ Pmco hmoV.o `WmdH$me
hr B_maV nyU Pmcr.
_{XamMm n[aga `m doir "937 S>r, 937 gr Am{U 937 ~r' `m VrZ gcJ cmQ>_ò hmoVm.
82 && MV`gy` &&
MmWm "937 E' hm cmQ> AS>. amUo `m`m _mcH$sMm hmoVm. `m_ò EH$ {Zdmgr B_maV Am{U
`mcm cmJyZ EH$ AmD$Q> hmD$g Aem XmoZ B_maVr hmo`m. Vmo cmQ> amUo `m`mH$Sy>Z IaoXr H$a`mV
Amcm Am{U `m_wio gw_mao 40 JwR>mMo EH$ gcJ Amdma _{Xam^modVr {Z_mU Pmco. `m cmQ>Mm
Vm~m {_im`mda `mdarc Xmohr B_maVtMr nyU S>mJSw>Or, aJaJmoQ>r H$$Z `m lr_hmamOmZr Amn`m
_Zmgma`m, amhm`mg `mo` Aem ~Z{d`m Am{U _J VoWohr, Amco`m ^$_S>itgmR>r {ZdmgmMr
`dWm hmoD$ cmJcr.
_{XamMm cmQ> Z.937 Amho. `m`m nyd}H$S>rc ~mOyg S>o$Z E`wHo$eZ gmogm`Q>rMm cmQ>
Z.936 hmoVm Am{U `m 936 Z~a`m cmQ>`m ncrH$S>o nydocmM cmQ> Z.934 Am{U 935 ho XmoZ
cmQ> lr.AmZXamd JmS>oH$a `m`m _mcH$sMo hmoVo. `m_ò EH$ _moR>r B_maV hmoVr. lr.JmS>oH$a
`m`mer `m cmQ>g`m IaoXrMr ~mocUr Mmcy AgVmZmM `mMo {ZYZ Pmco; naVw `m`m Hw$Qw>{~`mZr
Vmo `dhma 1980 gmcr nyU Ho$cm Am{U lr~m~m`m WmZm`m {dVmamgmR>r A{YH$ OmJm CncY
Pmcr. _m hm cmQ> Am{U _{XamMo Amdma `m_ò S>o$Z E`wHo$eZ gmogm`Q>r`m _mcH$sMm cmQ>
Z.936 ngacocm hmoVm. `mda gmogm`Q>rMo nyaJV H$_Mmar amhmV Agco`m XmoZ Mmir hmo`m.
S>o$Z E`wHo$eZ gmogm`Q>rZo 1981 gmcrM gXa _mc_mm {dH$sgmR>r H$mT>cr Am{U 6 d 7 Owc
1981 amoOr dV_mZnmV Om{hamV XoD$Z cmoH$mH$Sy>Z {Z{dXm _mJ{d`m. gXaMr O_rZ {_im`mg
lr~m~m`m _{Xam`m >rZo Vr A`V Cn`w$ Jmo> R>aUma hmoVr. hr EH$ gwdUgYr hmoVr. lr_hmamOmZr
`m doiocm gdmV OmV qH$_VrMo Q>|S>a âco hmoVo. OmUmao ngo EH$m {V{>V {ejU gWocm {_iUma
AmhoV Agm CXma {>H$moZ `m_mJo hmoVm, `mM~amo~a hr O_rZ {_im`mda VoWo gwYmaUm H$$Z
WmZm`m gmX`mV âM nS>Uma hmoVr. `k-`mJmXr Jmo>tgmR>r A{YH$ OmJm CncY hmoUma hmoVr;
hmhr {dMma hmoVm. A`Wm lr~m~m`m WmZmVrc n AZ n IM H$aVmZm lr_hmamO {dcjU
OmJ$H$ AgV. lr_hmamOmZr `m cmQ>darc MmirV amhmUm`m ^mS>oH$$gmR>r n`m`r `dWm
H$a`mMr (`mZm Zdr {ZdmgWmZo ~mYyZ Xo`mMr) O~m~Xmarhr, IaoXr qH$_Vr`m A{V[a$ hUyZ
CMc`mMr V`mar XmI{dcr. `m _mJo `m ^mS>oH$$H$S>o ghmZw^yVrnydH$ nmhm`mMmM {>H$moZ hmoVm.
S>o $Z E`wH$o eZ gmogm`Q>r`m >rZo hm Vmd gdm}m_ hmoVm. H$Xm{MV Vmo `m`m Anojno j
o m
{H$VrVar cm^Xm`H$ R>acm Agoc. gd Amd`H$ Jmo>tMr nyVV m H$$Z {X.$4.5.1982 amoOr gXaMm
`dhma nyU hmoD$Z XVEodO a{OQ>a Pmcm.
`m IaoXr `dhmam_wio S>o$Z E`wHo$eZ gmogm`Q>r_Yrc H$mhr cmoH$ \$ma gV Pmco. hm cmQ>
gmogm`Q>rer g~{YV H$mhr cmoH$mZm, gmogm`Q>rVrc Amnco WmZ dmn$Z dVmV IaoXr H$am`Mm
hmoVm. lr_hmamOmEdT>r qH$_V qH$dm nYm_H$ qH$_V XoD$Z O_rZ IaoXr H$a`mV `mZm ag ZhVm.
AmnU gmogm`Q>rMo H$_Mmar, Q>Q>r dJao Ag`m_wio gdcVr`m XamV Vr OmJm {_imdr hr `mMr
IimMr Xw~wr.. / 83
Anojm hmoVr. Aem `dhmam_wio gmogm`Q>rMo ZmhH$ ZwH$gmZ hmoBc `mMr `mZm {\$H$sa ZhVr.
gWo`m CH$fmgmR>r dV:Mo WmZ dmna`mEodOr, dV:`m d`{$H$ \$m`mgmR>r gWoMm dmna
H$a`mMr dmr gd AmT>iVo. ho gdOUhr AJXr hoM H$arV hmoVo. Pmco`m {dH$s `dhmamV ImoS>m
Kmc`mgmR>r lr._hmXod ~idV ZmVy `m gmogm`Q>r`m EH$m Q>Q>tZr, m.Eg.Eg.H$mio `m H$_Mm`mZo
Am{U gmogm`Q>rMo Qr>qMJ Q>m\$ Ag`mMm Xmdm H$aUm`m H$mhr _S>itZr Ago EH$Xa VrZ AO
M[aQ>r H${_eZa _w~B `mMoH$S>o 1982-83 gmcr Ho$co. hm `dhma ge`mnX pWVrV Pmcm AgyZ
Vmo gmogm`Q>r`m {hVmMm Zmhr hUyZ `m `dhmamg gmogm`Q>rcm nadmZJr ZmH$mamdr Aer `m
AOmmao _mJUr H$a`mV Amcr. ho Anwao dmQ>co hUyZ H$s H$m`, nw`mVrc n{VV nmdZ gKQ>Zocm
hmVmer Y$Z {X. 5 {S>g|~a 1982 amoOr g_m{Y_{Xam`m doemamg_moa a`mda {ZXeZo KS>dyZ
AmU`mV Amcr. lr_hmamOm`m {d J{cN> Am{U {edami ^mfoV a`mda Ajae: {e_Jm
H$a`mV Amcm. lr_hmamO `m gm`m gJmcm YramoXmmnUo gm_moao Joco.
1984 gmcr AmQ>mo~a_ò OmBQ> M[aQ>r H${_eZa, nwUo `mMog_moa MmH$er gw$ Pmcr. haH$VXma
_S>itZm dmXr hUyZ XmIc H$$Z Ko`mV Amco. `mMo dH$sc hUyZ _mOr S>o`wQ>r M[aQ>r H${_eZa
lr.hnarH$a ho H$m_ nmhmV hmoVo.
`m doir EH$ _hdnyU Aer Jmo> KS>cr. nw`mVrc EH$ `mVZm_ Am{H$Q>oQ> Am{U S>o$Z
E`wHo$eZ gmogm`Q>rMo "nQ>Z _|~a' lr.dgVamd ~miH$U XoenmS>o `mZr gXa MmH$er`m H$m_r
dV:g njH$ma H$adyZ KoVco Am{U haH$VXma ho dV:Mm dmW gmY`mgmR>r Vr OmJm dVmV
nXamV nmSy>Z Ko`mgmR>r hm H$mm C^m H$arV AmhoV, ho `mZr g~{YV n`dhma dJao nwamdo gmXa
H$$Z {g Ho$co. lr.XoenmS>o `mMo {VnmXZ EdT>o {~ZVmoS> hmoVo H$s haH$VXmamZr XoenmS>o `m`m
CnpWVr`m doir H$moQ>mV Vm|S>r nwamdm Xo`mgmR>r Cô amhmUo Q>mico.
OmBQ> M[aQ>r H${_eZa `mZr {X. 4.11.1985 amoOr `m IQ>`mMm {ZH$mc {Xcm. `m {ZH$mcmV
n>nUo Z_yX H$a`mV Amco hmoVo H$s, h`wEeZ [anmoQ>_ò Ho$co`m qH$_Vrnojm OmV qH$_Vrg hm
`dhma Pmcocm Amho. {edm` lr{d>camd Omoer M[aQ>rO Q>Q>V\}$ Xo`mV Amcocr a$_ hr Amco`m
Q>|S>g_Yrc gdmV OmV a$_ Amho. hm gd `dhma {Z{ddmXnUo gmogm`Q>rgmR>r A`V {H$\$m`Vera
Pmcocm Amho. `m {ZU`m{d W{JVr {_i{d`mgmR>r haH$VXma hm`H$moQ>mV Joco. VoWo `mMm AO
Am{U Anrc \o$Q>mi`mV Amco Am{U gw{_ H$moQ>mV Anrc H$a`mg nadmZJrhr ZmH$ma`mV Amcr.
`m H$aUr lr_hmamOmZm Iyn mg Pmcm. _m AIoarg hm cmQ>hr Vm`mV {_iyZ lr~m~m`m
g_m{Y_{Xam^modVr AmO {XgUmao, lrJw:eaU_, `k-_S>n AmXr XoI`m B_maVr Am{U djamOrZo
ZQ>coco Amdma `WmdH$me {Z_mU Pmco.
D D D
84 && MV`gy` &&
H$aU : 12
XwdmgZm Xw>mM
r & Omdr {ZagmoZ &&
lr grVmam_~wdm `m`m _hm{ZdmUm`m Xwg`m {Xder hUOo {X. 19.1.1969 amoOr `m`m
nm{Wd Xohmda A`gH$ma hmo`mnydu lr_hmamOmZr S>oadU òWrc WmZmMr `dWm cmd`mgmR>r
S>oadU`m Jm_Wm`m gmjrZo "lrgV grVmam_~wdm dmcmdcH$a M[aQ>o~c Q>Q>' `m gmdO{ZH$
`mgmMr WmnZm Ho$cr hmoVr.
nw`mVrc lr~m~m`m WmZm`m C^maUrg 1956 nmgyZM gwdmV Pmcr hmoVr Am{U lr_hmamO
gd e$s nUmcm cmdyZ VoWo {d{dY CnH$_ H$arV hmoVo; VgoM 1969 nmgyZ lr_hmamOmZr S>oadU
òWohr {d{dY H$m_mMm YS>mH$m cmdcm hmoVm. Xmohr {R>H$mUr _moR>m _mUmV {d{dY H$m`H$_ hmVr
Ko`mV Amco hmoVo. _m S>oadU òWrc H$m`mMo d$n nw`mVrc H$m`mnojm H$mhrgo {^ hmoVo. `mMm
AmdmH$m, VoWrc H$m`nVr Am{U H$m`jomMm narK ho nw`mnojm doJio hmoVo.
"lrgV grVmam_~wdm dmcmdcH$a Q>Q>'Zo S>oadU n[agamV gw$ Ho$coco gm_m{OH$ H$m` hUOo
Xwgao {Vgao H$mhr Zho Va H$`mUH$mar am`m`m gH$nZoV OoOo A{ôV Amho Vo `jmV AmU`mMm
Vmo EH$ _hdmH$mjr H$n hmoVm Am{U lr_hmamOmZr 1969-70 gmcr gw$ Ho$coco Vo H$m` AmOhr
nyU Omo_mZo Mmcy Amho. _m `m Q>Q>`m dmQ>MmcrV 1980 Vo 1985-86 gmcmn`V lr_hmamOmZm
Omo gKf H$amdm cmJcm `mMm B{Vhmg nmh OmVm, ""Cdm, AO~ VwPo gaH$ma'' AgoM hUmdo
cmJoc. ~moar, ~mîr amZmo_mi \$mo\$mdV AgVmZm, lr_hmamO g_mOmgmR>r MXZmMo amonQ>o cmdy
nmhmV hmoVo Am{U `mda Hw$R>mamKmV H$aUm`mMo hmV Yam`cm nwT>o gagmd`mEodOr, g_mO _wXmS>nUo
Vo nmhmV ~gcm hmoVm. Vmo B{Vhmg coeXm`r> Agcm Var, lr_hmamOmZm A{ôV Aem "nwfmWm'Mm
Vmo gdm}m_ A`m` Amho Am{U hUyZM Vmo nm^y_rgh nmhmUo A`V Amd`H$ Amho.
S>oadU`m dmcmdcH$a Q>Q>Mo _w` H$m`jo hUOo S>oadU, gmdS>m, hS>H$Ur, H$m|S>_im Agm
AmOy~mOyMm Vgm _mJmgcocm ^mJ. eoVr hmM _w` `dgm`, nwaogm nmUrnwadR>m Zmhr, eoVr`{V[a$
_OwarMo \$mago Cn Zmhr; `m_wio ~hg` cmoH$ AmO`m gaH$mar ^mfoV gmJm`Mo Va Xm[a
aofo`m Imcr OrdZ H$R>Umao, AkmZr, {Zaja, AYlmiy Am{U Wm nanao`m Amo`mImcr
X~coco ! gd H$moH$UmVM `m doir gm_m{OH$ n[apWVr WmoS>m\$ma \$aH$mZo Aer hmoVr.
`m XwI`mMo Zo_Ho$ {ZXmZ lr_hmamOmZr Ho$co hmoVo. cmoH$mMm Am{WH$ Va CMmdm`cm hdm.
`mgmR>r `mZm hmVr ngm òBc Agm amoOJma hdm. òWo H$m_Jma {_iUma Vo \$$ eoVr{df`H$ H$m_o
OmUUmao. hUyZ lr_hmamOmZr Q>Q>V\}$ "_mJoc `mcm H$m_' hr `moOZm gw$ Ho$cr Am{U H$m_o H$moUVr
XwdmgZm Xw>mMr.. / 85
m`Mr `mMr VaVyX H$a`mgmR>r Q>Q>V\}$ _moR>m _mUmV eoVr gw$ Ho$cr.
lr_hmamO Zoh_rM H$mim`m nwT>o hmoVo, Ho$di {dMmamZo Zho Va H$VrZogwm ! H$moH$UmVrc eoVrMr
gdmV _moR>r CUrd hUOo eoVH$`mMr Or H$mhr WmoS>r\$ma O_rZ Agoc Vr chmZ chmZ VwH$S>m_ò
Jmdâ {dIwacocr AgVo. H$moUmMrhr eoVO_rZ EH$jor Zmhr. lr_hmamOmZr Q>Q>Mr eoVrdmS>r
EH$jor Ho$cr. `mgmR>r doigJr Adm`m gdm qH$_Vhr {Xcr. H$Yr H$moUmcm `m`m O{_Zr`m
~X`mV XwnQ>, {VnQ> O_rZ {Xcr. `m_wio {ed-g_W JS>m`m g^modma AmO Q>Q>Mr gd
eoVrdmS>r gcJnUo ngacocr Amho. VwH$S>o~XrMr _mohr_ gaH$maZo am~dcr Vr `mZVa 8-10 dfmZr
Am{U Vrhr \$maer H$mQ>oH$moanUo A_cmV AmUcr Jocr ZmhrM !
ânya nmD$g nS>Um`m H$moH$UmV nm`mMo Xw{^j hm {damoYm^mg Iam; naVw Vr dVwpWVr Amho.
nmUr O{_ZrV Z _waVm g_wmV dmhZ OmVo Am{U Chm`mV {d{har cdH$a H$moaS>m hmoVmV. lr_hmamOmZr
H$m`nr ZXrV dgV ~Ymam ~mY`mg cmoH$mZm Cw$ Ho$co Am{U S>oadU`m `m ZXrcm OmV {Xdg
nmUr amh cmJco d JmdmVrc {d{hatMo nmUrgwm dmT>co. H$moH$UmV cmHy$S> Am{U H$moigm `mnm`mH$Sy>Z
~o~X OJcVmoS> Pmcr. OgOgo aVo ~mYUrMo _mU dmT>V Joco VgVgo OJcmImcMo jo CKS>o nS>V
Joco. `m_wio O{_ZrMr Yyn hmoV Jocr. ImS>m_ò, Zm_ò Jmi gmMcm. lr_hmamOmZr djgdYZmMo
_hd AmoiIyZ {d{dY H$ma`m PmS>mMr _moR>m _mUmda cmJdS> Am{U OmonmgZm Ho$cr. gm_m{OH$
dZrH$aUmMo H$m_ gaH$maZo nwT>o 20 dfmZr hmVr KoVco, naVw cmJdS>rV Od-d{d` Zg`m_wio,
n`mdaUmgmR>r Vo {H$VnV Cn`w$ Amho `m {df`r`m eH$mMo {ZamH$aU AOyZ Pmcoco ZmhrM !
djgnmrMr OnUyH$ Am{U gdYZ H$a`m`m ~m~VrV lr_hmamO A{Ve` Xj AgV.
S>oadU n[agamV AZoH$ JmdmVyZ Q>Q>V\}$ {d{har, Hy$nZ{cH$m ImoX`mV Am`m qH$dm `mgmR>r
_XV Xo`mV Amcr. {dH$V AmUyZ Q>MmBJV JmdmZm Q>H$aZo nmUr nwad`mMo H$m_ dfmZwdf} Q>Q>V\}$
H$a`mV òVo, `m H$m_mV AOyZ IS> nS>cocm Zmhr. AdN> nm`m_wio `m ^mJmV Zm$ amoJmMo
_mU Iyn hmoVo. Q>Q>Zo Q>H$amao dN> nmUrnwadR>m gw$ Ho$cm Am{U hm amoJ AmQ>mo`mV Amcm.
S>oadU òWo Q>Q>Zo AmR>dS>mVyZ XmoZ doim dH$r` godm CncY H$$Z {Xcr, cmoH$mZm {edUò
{Xcr, KamgmR>r H$mco {Xcr, eoVrgmR>r qH$dm XyYXw^`mgmR>r Jm`r, ~c {Xco, H$_r qH$_Vr_ò
Ym` Am{U BVa OrdZmd`H$ dVy {X`m, eoVH$`mZm AdOmao {Xcr, Km|JS>m {X`m, emimZm
dm, nwVHo$, JUdof nwadco; B_maVr ~mYyZ {X`m, ej{UH$ gm{h`, IoimMo gm{h` {Xco,
_wcmZm {e`d`m {X`m, _{XamMo OrUm}ma Ho$co, AS>MUr`m {R>H$mUr gmH$d, nyc ~mYco, Am{U
Ago Mm\o$a H$m_ H$arV AgVmZm _moR>m _mUmda cmoH$mZm amoOJma CncY H$$Z {Xcm.
gmdS>} JmdmV 1980 nydu {Xdgmbm 2.50 Vo 3 nò _Owar hmoVr Am{U _wgc_mZ _moh`mV
Va _Owamcm \$$ 200 nò AJmda XoD$Z EH$ dfâ `m`mH$Sy>Z H$m_ H$$Z Ko`mV òV Ago. `m
86 && MV`gy` &&
doir gaH$mar _OwarMm Xa nò 5.20 {V{XZ EdT>m hmoVm. Q>Q>_ò _m nwfmZm {Xdgmcm gmV
nò Va p`mZm ghm nò _OwarnmoQ>r Xo`mV òV AgV. {edm` gUmgwXr`m, Cgdm`m {Z{_mmZo
H$mnS>-MmonS>, A` _XV ânya {_iV Ago. `m_wio VoWrc JmoaJar~mMo hmVr A{YH$ ngm òD$
cmJcm. Jar~ OZVoMo emofU Wm~co. _wgc_mZmH$S>o JhmU nS>co`m Amn`m O{_Zr Vo gmoS>dyZ KoD$
cmJco. Q>Q>H$S>o _OwamMm AmoK gw$ Pmcm Am{U n[aUm_ d$n _wcr_ Am{U A` O_rZXmamZm
_Owarcm, KaH$m_mcm, eoVrcm JS>r_mUgo {_iUo H$R>rU hmoD$ cmJco.
`mM doir AZoH$ A{Z> Ow`mnwam`m WmZm lr_hmamOmZr \$mQ>m {Xcm. nydu JmdmVrc lr _mZmB
Xodr`m XodimMr emH$maUr Pm`m{edm` A` H$moUmcm Amnco Ka emH$maVm òV ZhVo. _mZH$`m`m
_OuZwgma XodmMr H$m_o hmoUma ! Vohm {dc~ Pm`mg, JmoaJ[a~mMr emH$maUr doioda hm`Mr Zmhr
Am{U nmD$g cdH$a gw$ Pmbm Va `mMoM ZwH$gmZ hm`Mo. lr_hmamOmZr `m Xodimda H$mco
KmcyZ `m AS>MUrVyZ gdmMr gwQ>H$m Ho$cr.
nmfmV H$di VmoS>Ur gw$ H$a`mnydu, JmdmV\}$ ImoV, _mZH$ar `mZr Xodmcm Zmai {X`m{edm`
H$moUmcmhr H$di VmoS>m`Mr nadmZJr ZhVr. Zmai doioda {Xcm Zmhr H$s gm`m JmdmMr H$di
VmoS>Ur Wm~yZ amhm`Mr. lr_hmamOmZr Jmd`m Xodm`m Zmdo m`Mm Zmai dV:M, dV:`m eoVmV
XoD$Z JmdmMr dmQ> Z nmhmVm H$di VmoS>m`cm gwdmV Ho$cr.
Xa a{ddmar "nmirMm a{ddma' hUyZ, Va H$Yr A_md`m, H$Yr AmfmT>r Aem {Z{_mmZo gm`m
JmdMo H$m_ ~X R>odco Om`Mo. Aem Jmo>r H$_`moJr lr_hmamOmZm _m` hmoUo e`M ZhVo. Q>Q>_ò
Aem H$maUmZo H$Yr H$m_o Wm~cr ZmhrV.
`m gd Jmo>t_wio Q>Q> Am{U lr_hmamO `mMo dmT>Vo _hd n[agamVrc nwT>mar, _mZH$ar, ImoV,
O_rZXma `m`m S>mo`mV Iwny cmJco. `mM nVrZo Am{U JVrZo Q>Q>Mo H$m` Mmcy am{hco Va Amncr
gWmZo cdH$aM Imcgm Pm`m{edm` amhmUma ZmhrV `mMr `mZm Imr nQ>cr. AZoH$ df}
g_mOOrdZmV K> nmio_wio amodyZ g_mOmMo a$emofU H$aUmar; $T>r, Wm, nanam `mMm Ho$di
Xw$n`moJ H$$Z AS>mUr, A{e{jV, JmoaJar~ OZVocm Amn`m Jwcm_rV OISy>Z R>odUmar hr "`dWm'
IS>~Sy>Z OmJr Pmcr Am{U H$moU`mhr _mJmZo, H$moUVrhr qH$_V XoD$Z, H$moU`mhr gmYZmZo, Q>Q>
Am{U lr_hmamO `mZm S>oadU n[agamVyZ CISy>Z Q>mH$`mgmR>r H$~a H$gyZ gm Pmcr. gVV 5 Vo 6
df} hm gKf Mmcy hmoVm. `mcm Vm|S> \w$Q>co Vo EH$m gm`mem KQ>ZoZo !
lr_hmamOmZr "eoarMm _mi' òWo gw_mao 15 EH$a O_rZ, VoWo gwgm hmpnQ>c C^ma`mgmR>r
KoVcr hmoVr. Oa Vm{dV Umc` Am{U amoJ{ZXmZ H|$ VoWo AmH$mamg Amco Va lr_hmamOmMr H$sVu
A{YH$M dmT>oc Am{U Amncm ^md H$_r hmoBc ho AmoiIyZ JmoqdX {ZH$_ Am{U B~mhr_ _moS>H$
`mZr gXaMr OmJm hr gmdO{ZH$ hmoir noQ>d`mMr OmJm Amho Agm AnMma Mmc{dcm. cmoH$
`mcm ~ir nS>co Am{U OmoèrdmS>rVrc Jm_WmZr eoar`m _mimda {X. 25.2.1980 amoOr hmoir
noQ>{d`mMm `Z Ho$cm; naVw Amncr MyH$ C_OyZ Xwg`mM {Xder {X. 26 \o$~wdmarcm lr.Anm
_mo{hao `mZm ~amo~a KoD$Z Vo lr_hmamOmH$S>o Amco Am{U `mZr Q>Q>`m Pmco`m ZwH$gmZr~c _m\$s
_m{JVcr. Oar cmoH$mZr Amncr MyH$ H$~yc H$$Z hm {df` VoWoM gndcm hmoVm, Var S>oadU
Q>Q>{d gKf H$a`mgmR>r H$maU emoYV Agco`m nwT>m`mZm hr gYr hmVMr OmD$ m`Mr
ZhVr.
XmoZ _mM 1980 amoOr JmoqdX {ZH$_ Am{U B~mhr_ _moS>H$ `mZr gmdS>mVrc Jm_XdV lrXod
Ho$XmaZmW _{XamV g^m ~mocmdyZ d Zmai R>odyZ gmdS>mVrc cmoH$mZr Q>Q>da ~{hH$ma KmV`mMo
Omhra Ho$co. Omo H$moUr Q>Q>er g~Y R>odoc `mcm ~{hH$V H$a`mV òBc Ago gmdS>} JmdMo _yi
_mbH$, ImoV (MhmU) `mZr Omhra Ho$co. gmdS>mVrc gmR>-gma _mUgmMo nmoQ> Q>Q>_Yrc H$m_mda
Adc~yZ hmoVo. `mZm n`m`r amoOJma H$moU XoUma `mMm {dMma H$a`mV Amcocm ZhVm. `m gôV
lr.AnmeoQ> _mo{hao, lr.{dZmW e|~oH$a `mZm "Jmd qH$dm Q>Q>' `mnH$s EH$mMrM {ZdS> Vwhmcm
H$amdr cmJoc Ago gmJ`mV Amco; Vohm `mZr _m Amhr Q>Q>~amo~aM AmhmoV Ago R>m_nUo
gm{JVco.
`m KQ>Zo`m Xwg`mM {Xder hUOo VrZ _mMcm lr_hmamO ghmUoda nmcIr`m XeZmgmR>r
Joco. XodmMr nyOm H$$Z do, lr\$i, nmgmoS>m dJao AnU Ho$`m. Aem doir JmdH$a Xodmcm
JmhmUo KmcyZ gmJVmo H$s, "hr nyOm _m` H$$Z Ko Am{U Vw`m `m ^$mMm gm^mi H$a !' `m doir
_m JmdH$amZo lr_hmamOmMo JmhmUo Xodmcm Kmc`mg ImoVmMm hHy$_ Zg`mZo Vmo Vgo H$$ eH$V
Zmhr Ago gm{JVco. lr_hmamO hUmco, "_mPr nyOm Xodmcm AnU H$a`mMo R>a{dco, VohmM Vr
Xodmcm _m` Pmcr Amho.' _J lr_hmamOmZr [aVr_mUo JmdH$a, Jwad, T>moc dmO{dUmam VgoM A`
CnpWV cmoH$mZm 10-10 nò {Xco. Vo `mZr gmX hUyZ drH$maco.
gmdS>} JmdmZo KmVco`m ~{hH$mam~m~V Q>Q>V\}$ {X. 7.3.1980 amoOr mV Am{\$ga `mMoH$S>o
EH$ AO H$a`mV Amcm. "{hoeZ Am\$ Eg H$`w{ZHo$eZ' `m H$m`mImcr g~{YVmda H$madmBMr
_mJUr `m AOmmao H$a`mV Amcr. naVw `m AOmMm H$mhrM Cn`moJ Pmcm Zmhr. ~hVoH$ doim
gmmYmar njmMo ZoVo Am{U ZmoH$aehm nanamMo {hVg~Y OnV Amnco `dhma H$arV AgVmV.
EH$mM Zm`m`m `m XmoZ ~mOy AgVmV. `m_wio gaH$mar ÙoH$Sy>Z `m` {_i`mMr e`Vm
\$maM H$_r AgVo. MidirMo gm_` XmI{d`m{edm` gaH$mar ÙoVyZ `mo` {ZU` {_iV
ZgVmo. 1980`m AmJo_mJo S>oadU Q>Q>`m gX^mV (Am{U nw`mVrc lr~m~m _hmamOm`m WmZm`m
gX^mVgwm) lr_hmamOm`m {damoYmV AZoH$ Xw> JhmMr `wVr Pmcr hmoVr. òD$ KmVco`m dmXimMr
Xw:{Mho {Xgy cmJcr hmoVr. g_mOmVrc Xw> e$s ghOnUo gK{Q>>V hmoVmV Am{U g_mOm`m CWmZmgmR>r
88 && MV`gy` &&
H$m` H$aUm`m gmZm`m _mJmV AS>Wio {Z_mU H$aVmV. MmJ`m H$m`mMm Zme H$a`mgmR>r
H$moU`mhr Wamcm OmVmV. _m g_mOmVrc _moR>m dJ `m gm`m Jmo>tH$S>o {ZpH$`nUo nmhmV ~gVmo.
gKfmMo Mma MQ>Ho$ AmnUmg ~gy ZòV hUyZ A{cV amhmVmo. "_cm H$m` `mMo ?' Aem dmrZo
dmJVmo Am{U hUyZM XwOZmZm dmQ>oc Vo A`mMma H$a`mg ~i {_iVo. g_mOmVrc AmXm{g`m_wio
Am{U nS>ImD$ dmr_wio Xw>mMo _Zgw~o gmYVmV Am{U gmZmMr {dQ>~Zm hmoVo. nwamUH$mir amOgôV
rMr {dQ>~Zm Pmcr Am{U AmO Vr â a`mV qH$dm aodo`m S>`mV hmoVo, Vr Aem _wXmS>
_Zm`m gmjrZo. naVw _aJico`m, {ZpH$` g_mOmcm JXJXm hcdyZ `mMo nmf OmJo H$$Z
XwQ>mZm emgZ H$a`mgmR>r Bar `moOZoZoM `wJmZw`wJo AdVmar {d^yVr {Z_mU hmoV AgVmV Am{U `m
ndrMm Vmoc gm^miV AgVmV.
AemM AdVmar nwfmMr _Vr g_mO_ZmV OmJdyZ, `mMm nwfmW OmJV H$a`mgmR>r lr_hmamO
S>oadU òWo {edg>rMo dZ nmhmV hmoVo Am{U g_mOmVrc gw>e$s`m {ZpH$`VodaM `mMo amOH$maU
Adc~yZ Amho, Ago cmoH$ gmh{OH$M lr_hmamOm`m H$m`mcm ZI cmdy nmhmV hmoVo. naVw
lr_hmamOgwm "^JdVmMo A{Y>mZ' KoD$ZM `m gKfmV CVaco hmoVo Am{U nwT>rc H$mhr H$mi hm
gV-AgV_Yrc gZmVZ gKf S>oadU`m ^y_rda nwhm EH$Xm aJUma hmoVm. òD$ KmVco`m gKfmMr
OmVHw$ir nQ> H$aUmar EH$ KQ>Zm `m _mM _{h`mVrc {e_`m`m {XdgmV Pmcr Am{U {VMo
H${dd _m nwT>o AZoH$ {Xdg JmOco.
dmgwXod c_U ~Zo hm Xhm-~mam dfmMm _wcJm _mM`m AmR> VmaIocm Q>Q>`m eoVmVrc
H$qcJS>o MmoaVmZm gmnS>cm. `mcm ganM Am{U nmocrg nmQ>rc `m`m hdmcr H$$Z lr_hmamOmZr,
`m`m ~m~VrV H$m` Vmo {ZU` `mZrM H$amdm Ago gm{JVco. _wcmMo AmB-dS>rc h`mV ZhVo;
`m_wio `mMo nmcH$d Mwc`mH$S>oM hmoVo. ganM d nmocrg nmQ>rc `mZr `m _wcm`m Mwc`mg
g_O {Xcr. `mZVa `m _wcmcm nmo{cgmH$adr [a_mS> hmo__ò aZm{Jarcm nmR>{d`mMo R>aco.
~Zo`m ZmVodmBH$mZr `m`mH$S>o H$mhrM cj {Xco Zmhr. ~Zocm nmo{cgmZr 9 _mM 1980 amoOr
[a_mS> hmo__ò nmR>{dco Am{U 10 _mMcm dmgwXod ~Zo VoWyZ Jm`~ Pmcm.
Xa`mZ {ZdS>UwH$mMr "YwidS>' gw$ Pmcr. Q>Q>{damoYr _mohr_ CKS>Umao JmoqdX {ZH$_, {MniyU
_VXma gKmV H$mJog`m {V{H$Q>mda {ZdS>UyH$ cT>dy BpN>V hmoVo. {V{H$Q> {_imco Zmhr hUyZ
njmoh H$$Z Vo Anj hUyZ Cô am{hco. {ZdS>UwH$m _o 1980 _ò hmo`m. Mma gôV jmo^H$
^mfoV, dmgwXod ~ZoMo "Jm`~' hmoUo hm _hdmMm _wm ~Z{d`mV Amcm. ""dmgwXod ~Zocm Q>Q>Zo R>ma
_maco, JmSy>Z Q>mH$co, ^y{_nwmMm emoY `m'' Agm ~ocJm_ AmaS>mAmoaS>m gw$ Pmcm. {MniyU`m
"gmJa' `m X{ZH$mZohr `m Ag` Mmam`m gZgZmQ>r ~mV`m XoD$Z Amncm In dmT>{d`mMm
`Z Ho$cm. `m X{ZH$mMo _mcH$ Am{U gnmXH$ EZ.E_.Omoer ho Aem g^mZm AmdOyZ hOa AgV.
"gmJa'`m 1 E{c 1980 `m AH$mV Q>Q>~c A`V ZrMnUmMo Amamon H$a`mV Amco.
6 E{c amoOr nwhm Jai AmoH$`mV Amco. Q>Q>Zo {Xcocm Iwcmgm N>mn`mg ZH$ma XoD$Z X{ZH$
gmJaZo dmnZr{VMohr VrZ-Voam dmOdco. eodQ>r 8 E{c`m AH$mV Q>Q>Zo Amncm Iwcmgm Om{hamV
hUyZ N>mnyZ AmUcm. EdT>m AmQ>m{nQ>m H$$Zgwm {ZH$_ {ZdS>UwH$sV gneoc nam^yV Pmco. _hmam>
Xoe H$mJog`m njm`jm lr_Vr o_cmVmB MhmU `mZr {ZH$_ `mMr njmVyZ hH$mcn>r Ho$cr.
{X. 18 _o 1980 amoOr S>oadU JmdmVrc VWmH${WV {V{>V ZmJ[aH$mZr lrXod Ho$Xma~mOr`m
_{XamV Xodmg_moa Zmai R>odyZ, Q>Q>cm ~{hH$V Ho$co. H$moH$UmV Jmd`m XodimV Zmai R>odyZ
EImmcm ~{hH$V H$aUo hr _moR>r J^ra ~m~ AgVo. dmV{dH$ S>oadU hm Jmd _yiMm MhmUmMm;
naVw `m JmdmV ZVa Amco`m JwOa Am{U amOo{eH}$ `mZr XodWmZMm H$Om d BVa A{YH$ma
AmnUmH$S>o KoD$Z MhmUmZm Zm_moha_ Ho$co. VoM JwOa Am{U amOo{eH}$ Zmai R>od`mV nwT>o hmoVo.
dmV{dH$ MhmU VgoM JwOa-amOo{eH}$ `m`mV lr_hmamOmZr S>mdo-COdo H$mhr Ho$co ZhVo.
Hy$nZ{cH$m XmoKmZmhr {X`m hmo`m. MhmUm`m {d>c _{Xam_mUoM amOo{e`m`m lrXod Ho$Xma~mOr
_{XamMmhr OrUm}ma Ho$cm hmoVm. _m MhmU Q>Q>{df`r Zoh_rM H$Vk am{hco Am{U Q>Q>cm
~{hH$V H$a`mMm Zmai R>od`mda "Q>Q>_Yrc OZmdamZm AmO nmUr H$moU XoUma !' Aer JOZm
H$$Z eH$aamd JwOa Q>Q>_Yrc _w`m OZmdamMrgwm H$m|S>r H$$ nmhmV hmoVo.
`m gd Jm_rU amOH$maUmV Jar~ Hw$U~r, Vocr, Jwad, Jdir, gwVma Agm H$>H$ar dJ _m
hdmc{Xc Pmcm hmoVm. Q>Q>Mo H$m` gw$ Pmco Vohm `m g_mOmcm Am{WH$Q>m dmdc~r H$aUo hm
EH$ _hdmMm H$m`H$_ Q>Q>Zo hmVr KoVcm hmoVm. _mJrc 10-12 dfm_ò Q>Q>Zo `mZm AZoH$ H$mao
gmhm` Ho$co hmoVo. Q>Q>`m {d{dY CnH$_mV _Owar H$aUm`m JmoaJar~ OZVocm {Z`{_VnUo Xa
gmo_dmar AmR>dS>m`m H$m_mMm _mo~Xcm hmVr {_iV hmoVm. _OwarMo Xa MmJco hmoVo. `m_wio `mZm
Jocr H$mhr df} gwImZo ggma H$aVm òV hmoVm. AS>rAS>MUr`m doir Q>Q> Amn`m nmR>rer C^m
Amho `mMr `mZm Imr hmoVr.
_m AMmZH$ cmX`mV Amco`m ~{hH$mam`m {ZU`m_wio `m`m CnOr{dHo$Mm _mJM ~X
Pmcm. g_mOmVrc hm dJ Oar eoVH$ar Agcm Var `mMo eoVrnmgyZMo {_iUmao Cn A`V ZJ`
hmoVo. Iao Va Vo eoV_OyaM hmoVo. Q>Q>_ò _Owarcm Om`Mr ~Xr Kmc`mV Am`mda AMmZH$ `mMm
amoOJma Zmhrgm Pmcm. Vo ^m~mdyZ Joco. _m JmdnwT>m`m`m XS>ocrcm {damoY H$a`mEdT>o Vo gK{Q>V
ZhVo Am{U `m ~{hH$mam_wio hmoUm`m XyaJm_r n[aUm_m{df`r OmJ$H$hr ZhVo. Varhr H$mhr OU
Q>Q>`m H$m_mda òVM hmoVo. naVw ~{hH$ma Q>mH$Um`m cmoH$mH$Sy>Z hmoUm`m mgm_wio Oohm OJUo
AJXr Ag Pmco Vohm S>mo`mV nmUr AmUyZ `mZr lr_hmamOmMm {Zamon KoVcm.
lr_hmamOmZm `m JmoaJ[a~mMr Agmhm` AdWm g_OV hmoVr. _m `mZr gK{Q>V hmdo, Ow`m
90 && MV`gy` &&
OmMH$ $T>tZm {VcmOcr mdr Am{U Amn`m h$mH$[aVm Y`mZo Cô amhmdo Aer _hmamOmMr Anojm
hmoVr. JmdnwT>m`mMo Owc_r hHy$_, _Z_mZr `mZr PwJm$Z mdr Am{U VmR> _mZoZo, {Z^`nUo Q>Q>`m
H$m_mV gh^mJr hmdo Ago lr_hmamOmZm dmQ>V hmoVo. naVw Vgo Y` _moO`mM cmoH$mZr XmI{dco.
S>oadU`m Xmohr MhmUdmS>rVrc cmoH$mZr Q>Q>_ò nyddV H$m_mda òUo Mmcy R>odyZ Q>Q>`m
H$m`mMr ~yO R>odcr. `m doir lr{ed-g_W _{XamMo H$m_ Mmcy hmoVo Am{U {H$`m`m H$m_mcmhr
MmJcr JVr Amcr hmoVr. _OwamMr _moR>m _mUmda Amd`H$Vm AgVmZmM ~{hH$mamMm {ZU`
Pmcm hmoVm. naVw `m doir lr_hmamOmZr S>J_JyZ Z OmVm, S>hmUy n[agamVrc Vimgar, Am~ogar,
dH$mg `m ^mJmVyZ XmoZ-AS>rMeo Am{Xdmgr ~mYdmZm `m H$m_mgmR>r AmUco.
"lr{ed-g_W JS>' hm lr_hmamOmMm EH$ A`V _hdmH$mjr H$n hmoVm. d`m`m ~mam`m
dfmnmgyZ nm{hcoco Vo A{V^` Ago dZ hmoVo. lr{edam` ho `mMo XdV hmoVo. N>nVr lr{edmOr
_hmamO hm gm`m ^maVdfmMm _mZq~Xy Amho. `mMo dam>-dY_ o_, `mMo {ZH$cH$ Mm[a`,
`mMo _hmZ amOH$s` H$Vd, `mMo AOmoS> aUH$me`, Om gwIr hmdr hUyZ `mZr dm{hcocr
H$miOr Ago gmao {edM[amMo ncy CcJSy>Z XmI{dUmar {edg>r `mZm gmH$ma H$am`Mr hmoVr.
S>oadU òWo nwaoer V`mar Pmcr Amho, Aer Imr hmoVmM `mZr `m H$nmMm ercm`mg Ho$cm hmoVm.
lr{edmOr _hmamOmMo EH$ gwXa _{Xa ~mYm`Mo Am{U `mMo ^modVr EH$ {H$`mMr ^` n{VH$Vr
C^m$Z VoWo {edM[amVrc R>iH$ gJ nwV`m`m gmhm`mZo Cô H$am`Mo Ago `m {ed_maH$mMo
d$n lr_hmamOmZr `mo{Oco hmoVo. Jmo`mVrc `mV _yVuH$ma lr.XmXm nmQ>H$a, `mMm _wcJm H$me
Am{U nwV`m Am_mam_ `mZr PnmQ>mZo `m H$m_mcm gwdmV Ho$cr hmoVr Am{U Zo_H$s hrM doi
{damoYH$mZr {ZdSy>Z `m H$m`mV ImoS>m Kmc`mMm `Z Ho$cm. _m lr_hmamOmZr gd H$m_o {Z`mo{OV
doimnH$m_mUo Mmcy R>odcr. S>oadU_Yrc `m gKfmcm nm^y_r {_imcr hmoVr Vr A{V^` Aem
{edg>r`m {Z{_VrMr `m nmd^y_rda lr_hmamOmMo _moR>onU Am{U {damoYH$mMr jw H$maWmZo
R>iH$nUo cmoH$mg_moa Amcr.
gmo_m ~m~y {Z_c hm S>oadU òWo VcmR>r H$m`mc`mV {enmB hmoVm. Q>Q>`m ~mOyZo gmj {Xcr
hUyZ {X.$6.4.1980 amoOr JmdgôV YZmOr JwOa `mZr `mcm nMdrg nò XS> R>moR>mdcm. `m
g_mVa "`m`XmZ' Ùo{d `mZo {MniyU`m Vh{gcXmamH$S>o VH$ma AO {Xcm. naVw Vh{gcXma
H$m`mc`mH$Sy>Z "hr ImgJr d$nmMr ~m~ Ag`m_wio H$mhr H$aVm òV Zmhr' Ago H$i{d`mV
Amco. emgH$s` ÙoV S>mo`mda H$mVS>o AmoTy>Z _wXmS>nUo H$go {ZU` Koo`mV òVmV ho `m gJmV
R>iH$nUo {XgyZ Amco. AZoH$ doim emgH$s` Ùm Yg_wg`m nwT>m`m`m X~mdmZo `mMr ~Q>rH$
hUyZ dmdaVo. g`-Ag`, `m`-A`m` `m{df`r nyU ~o{\$H$sa ~ZVo. gdoXZmhrZ ~ZVo. Q>Q>cm
`m ^rfU dmVdmcm `mnwT>o dmadma gm_moao Omdo cmJUma hmoVo.
{X. 3.8.1980 amoOr {ZH$_ Am{U _moS>H$ `m XwH$crZo gmdS>} JmdmVrc H$mhr _wgc_mZmZm
hmVmer Y$Z Q>Q>_Yrc lrhZw_mZ _{Xamda _moMm H$mTy>Z hm MT>{dcm. hm hm OUy gaH$ma_m`
H$m`H$_M hmoVm Ago hUm`cm hdo H$maU nmo{cgmZm nydH$nZm AgyZhr `mZr Q>Q>cm gmdY Ho$co
Zmhr. {edm` S>r.dm`.Eg.nr. dmK, nmocrg Cn{ZarjH$ EZ.Amo.nmQ>rc, mV Am{\$ga lr.gmdV,
Vh{gcXma lr.denm`Z ho CKS> CKS> hoImoamZm _XV H$arV hmoVo. gaH$mar A{YH$m`mZr Y_H$mdyZ
_{XamMm qXS>r XadmOm CKS>`mg ^mJ nmS>co Am{U `m`m CnpWVrV eoH$gmZ, {McdmZ, {dUy
gmdS>}H$a `m cmoH$mZr lr_mVr _{XamVrc nyOm CYicr. Q>Q>`m eoVrMo ~mY, JS>Jo `m cmoH$mZr
\$moS>co. ^mVeoVrMr ZmgYyg Ho$cr. "_moMm'`m ZmdmImcr hm gd H$ma H$a`mV Amcm. O_mdm_ò
gmdS>mVrc _wgc_mZ _moR>m gòZo gm_rc Pmco hmoVo. S>oadU Q>Q>`m H$m`m_wio qhXy gKQ>Z
hmoV hmoVo, `m_wio _wgc_mZ g_mOmMm Q>Q>da amJ hmoVmM ! `mZm Am`Vr gYr MmcyZ Amcr. H$mhr
qhXyMrM _XV Am{U {edm` nmo{cgmMo gajU ! S>r.dm`.Eg.nr. dmK amOH$s` XS>nUmcm ~ir
nS>co Am{U Amnco H$V` {dgaco.
Xa`mZ, [a_mS> hmo__YyZ nimcocm dmgwXod ~Zo gQ>o~a 1980`m gw_mamg B~mhr_ _moS>H$`m
Kar gmnS>cm. nmo{cgmZr VoWoM `mcm AQ>H$ Ho$cr. `m ~Zocm "Q>Q>Zo R>ma _maco' Agm ZrM Mma
{ZH$_, _moS>H$ `mZr Ho$cm Vmo ~Zo Zo_H$m _moS>H$ `m`m Kar gmnS>cm. `md$Z `mcm [a_mS> hmo__YyZ
Jm`~ H$a`mV _moS>H$MoM H$maWmZ hmoVo ho {g hmoVo.
{X.$12 {S>g|~a 1980 amoOr ghmUoda (hmoir gmdO{ZH$ar`m gmOar H$a`mMr OmJm, OoWo
JmdMr nmcIr hmoir`m {XdgmV ~g{dcocr AgVo) {ZH$_ Am{U _moS>H$ `mZr EH$ g^m Am`mo{OV
Ho$cr. gôV XmoKmMr ^mfUo Pmcr. "AmVm hmoir nm{U_m Odi Amcr Amho. `m hmoirV Q>Q>Mrgwm
hmoir H$a`mMm gH$n H$a`mMr Amd`H$Vm Amho ' Aer {MWmdUr gôV Xo`mV Amcr Am{U {X.
25 {S>g|~acm Q>Q>`m AmdmamVrc JdV Am{U n|T>m`m gmR>mcm AmJ cmd`mV Amcr. Q>Q>_Yrc
60-70 JwamdmgamZm dfâ nwaoc EdT>o JdV Ho$di Xw>~wrZo OmiyZ Q>mH$`mV Amco. Q>Q>darc amJ
AmVm _w`m OZmdamdagwm H$mT>`mV òV hmoVm. lr_hmamOm`m AV:H$aUmcm A`V doXZm XoUmam
hm gJ hmoVm; naVw lr_hmamOmZr _m `mMm gc _ZmV R>odcm ZhVm. XmoZ dfmZrM Aer doi
Amcr H$s, JdVmMr nmdgmA^mdr \$ma Q>MmB {Z_mU Pmcr. `m doir lr_hmamOmZr _w~BhZ gdmVrZeo
JmgS>m JdV _mJ{dco Am{U JmdmVrc OZmdamgmR>r `mMo _mo\$V dmQ>V Ho$co. `m doir g~{YV
_mUgmMm Q>Q>er `dhma H$gm hmoVm `mMm {dMma Z H$aVm gdmZmM JdV nwa{d`mV Amco.
`m A{H$mS>m`m EH$ {Xdg AmYr hUOoM {X. 24 {S>g|~a 1980 amoOr Q>Q>_ò EH$ nH$ma
n[afX Am`mo{OV H$a`mV Amcr hmoVr. dV_mZnmVyZ Q>Q>da AZoH$ ImoQ>m AmamonmMr {MIc\o$H$
Mmcy hmoVr. ^mS>mor nH$ma Q>Q>g~Yr {dn`V ~mV`m XoV hmoVo. S>oadU n[agamV Q>Q> g_mO{dKmVH$
92 && MV`gy` &&
H$ò H$arV Amho Am{U Q>Q>`m {damoYmV OZVo_ò `mnH$ AgVmof Amho Ago ImoQ>o {M dV_mZnmVyZ
Cô H$arV hmoVo. Vohm `m gX^mV Q>Q>Mo Zo_Ho$ H$m` H$m` Amho, C{>o H$m` AmhoV, Q>Q>da H$a`mV
Amco`m Amamonm{df`r dVwpWVr H$m` Amho Am{U `m ~XZm_rH$maH$ Q>Q>{damoYr _mo{h_o_mJo H$moU`m
Xw> e$s AmhoV, ho OZVocm n> hmdo hUyZ lr_hmamOmZr hr nH$ma n[afX ~mocmdcr hmoVr.
nH$mamg_moa g` n[apWVrMo Vn{ecdma {dcofU H$$Z lr_hmamOmZr Q>Q> H$arV Agco`m
{d{dY g_mOmon`moJr CnH$_mMr _m{hVr {Xcr. Q>Q>Mm _w` Coe "_mJoc `mcm H$m_' hm Amho.
H$m_m`m ~X`mV _mo~Xcm {_im`m_wio g_mOmVrc Jar~ dJmMm Am_g_mZ em~yV amhmVmo, Vo
dm{^_mZr hmoVmV Am{U dmdc~r hmoVmV. `m g_mOmcm amoOJmamnmgyZ d{MV H$a`mMm A{YH$ma
`m _yR>â dmWu amOH$maUr cmoH$mZm H$moUr {Xcm ? `mZm n`m`r amoOJma Xo`mMr H$moUVr `moOZm
`m`mOdi Amho ? amoOJma {Z_mU H$a`mgmR>r `Z H$a`mEodOr cmoH$mMo Agcoco amoOJma ~X
H$$Z ho cmoH$ H$moUVo g_mOH$maU H$arV AmhoV ? Q>Q>da AmOn`V AZoH$ ImoQ>oZmQ>o Amamon {~Z{X$VnUo
H$a`mV Amco. dmnmVyZ OmUrdnydH$ R>iH$ {gr Xo`mV Amcr. _m `WmdH$me Vo gd Amamon
{~Z~wS>mMo Ag`mMo {g Pmco Amho. Oa Q>Q>_ò H$mhr ~oH$m`Xoera Jmo>r Pm`m Ag`m Va
gaH$mar ÙoH$Sy>Z `m`m {damoYmV Q>Q>da H$madmB Pmcr ZgVr H$m ? Ago AZoH$ nH$mamnwT>o
lr_hmamOmZr CnpWV Ho$co. naVw aZm{Jar`m "~cdV'gmaIm EImXXwgam AndmX dJiVm ~mH$s
gd nH$ma _yJ {JiyZ ~gco. "g`' `m`mg_moa hmoVo, g_OV hmoVo, naVw Vo _mS>`mMo dmV`
`mZm ZhVo. {hVg~Ym`m gmIirV dmno hr amOH$ma`mer OISy>Z Jococr AgVmV. lr.OJZ
\$S>Urg `m`mgma`m _mV~a nH$mamcm {ZH$_m`m ej{UH$ jomVrc H$madm`m{df`r coI
{c{h`m~c Amncr ZmoH$ar J_dmdr cmJcr hmoVr Am{U Vrhr "_hmam> Q>mBg'gma`m _moR>m
dmnmVrc ! `m_wio `m nH$ma n[afXoH$Sy>Z \$maem Anojm Zh`mM.
{X. 10 _mM 1981 amoOr nwhm EH$Xm eoar`m _mimda hmoir noQ>dZy dmVmdaU _wm_ {MKi{d`mMm
`Z Pmcm. Q>Q>Mo Hw$nU VmoSy>Z cmoH$mZr _mimda hmoir noQ>dcr. lr_hmamO dV: ZwH$gmZrMr
nmhmUr H$a`mgmR>r {X. 12 _mM 1981 amoOr Q>Q>`m OmJoV Joco AgVm OmoèrdmS>rVrc cmoH$mZm
nwT>o H$$Z `m doir Q>Q>`m cmoH$mda hm H$a`mMm `Z Pmcm. Q>Q>`m H$mhr cmoH$mZm _mahmU
H$a`mV Amcr. {Odo _ma`m`m Y_`m Xo`mV Am`m. {ZH$_ Am{U _moS>H$ `m nwT>m`mZr
lr_hmamOm`m JmS>rda XJS>\o$H$ H$a`mMr {MWmdUr {Xcr; naVw cmoH$mZm lr_hmamOm{df`r dmQ>Um`m
o_m_wio, `mZr XJS>\o$H$sMm Ho$di Am{d^md Ho$cm. `jmV EH$hr XJS> JmS>rda nS>cm Zmhr.
nmo{cgmZr hVjon H$$Z 144 H$c_ cmdco. eoar`m _mimda Om`mgmR>r Xmohr njmZm ~Xr
Kmc`mV Amcr. VmcwH$m H$m`H$mar XS>m{YH$m`m`m `m {ZU`m{d mV A{YH$m`mH$S>o Anrc
H$a`mV Amco. A{ncmV mV A{YH$m`mZo XmoKmdarc ~Xr H$m`_ R>odcr naVw ZVa H$mhr {XdgmVM
hUOo {X. 18 _mMcm \$$ Q>Q>`m cmoH$mZm ~Xr KmcyZ OmoèrdmS>rVrc cmoH$mdarc ~Xr _m
CR>{dcr. `md$Z gaH$mar ÙoH$Sy>Zhr Q>Q>cm H$er XwOm^mdmMr dmJUyH$ {_iV hmoVr ho g_OVo.
`m` {_i{d`mgmR>r AIoa Q>Q>Zo hoImoamda \$mOXmar H$moQ>mV Xmdo XmIc Ho$co. `m {XdgmV
Q>Q>`m {damoYmV gd A{Z> JhmMr OUy `wVrM Pmcr hmoVr. JwS>{Jarcm D$V Amcm hmoVm. H$maU Q>Q>
{damoYmV Ho$co`m H$moU`mhr ~oH$m`Xm H$`mMr XIc emgZÙm KoV ZhVr, `m_wio JwS>dmr
{Z^` Pm`m hmo`m. Q>Q>`m g_WH$mZm _maPmoS> hmoV hmoVr, Y_`m {X`m OmV hmo`m. ~{hH$mamMo
hmVIS>m `moJ doimodoir hmoV hmoVo. naVw `m{d Ho$co`m VH$matH$S>o nmocrg ImVo S>mo`mda H$mVS>o
AmoTy>Z nmhmV hmoVo. Q>Q>Zo nmocrg gajU _m{JVco `mMm IM Q>Q> XoV hmoVm; naVw ho gajU Ho$di
emoônwaVoM R>aV hmoVo. hm ~Xmo~V Q>Q>`m AmdmamnwaVmM {Xcocm hmoVm. `m_wio ~mhoa JwS>{Jarcm
amZ _moH$io hmoVo. nmocrg Ho$gM Zm|XdyZ KoV ZgV. EImXr KoVcrM Va Vr "AXIcnm' hUyZ
Zm|XdrV. `m_wio VH$mar gai H$moQ>mVM XmIc H$am`m cmJV. nmo{cgmBVHo$M _hgyc Im`mMo
A{YH$mar X~mdmImcr H$m_ H$arV hmoVo.
`m \$moQ>H$ dmVmdaUmVhr lr_hmamO A{dMc hmoVo. {Z^`nUo gd gMma H$arV Amnco gd
H$m`H$_ doimnH$m_mUo H$arV hmoVo. EH$Xm lr_hmamO gm`H$mir Mma`m gw_mamg OmoèrdmS>rV
Joco. cmoH$mZr AmJhmZo lr_hmamOmZm AmnAmn`m Kar ~mocmdyZ ~gm`cm Km|JS>r AW$Z o_mZo
`mMo dmJV Ho$co. lr_hmamO gdmH$S>oM XmoZXmoZ {_{ZQ>o ~gco. cmoH$ H$moUm~amo~a AmhoV ho `m
{Xder {Z:ge` {g Pmco. {Z_mU H$a`mV Amcocm dmX {H$Vr ImoQ>m Amho, ~mhoa`mZr cmXcocm
Amho, ho `m {Xder {XgyZ Amco.
`mM gw_mamcm EH$Xm lrXod Ho$Xma~mOr`m XodimV JmdMr g^m hmoVr. gôMr H$m`H$_ n{H$m
nwT>marM R>a{dUma ! `m_wio `mhr gôV Q>Q>da H$m` H$madmB H$am`Mr `m {df`r nwT>mar Ic H$aUma
hmoVo. AMmZH$ lr_hmamO _{XamV Amco. ""_hmamO Amco, _hmamO Amco'' Aer Hw$O~wO gw$ Pmcr.
_hmamO òVmM `m`m dmJVmcm _mZ Xo`mgmR>r gdOU C\y$VnUo Cô am{hco Am{U `mZr
lr_hmamOmZm Z_H$ma Ho$cm. lr_hmamOmZr Xodmcm AnU H$a`mgmR>r EH$ Zmai Jwadm`m Odi
{Xcm. dV: _Zmo^mdo mWZm Ho$cr. gdmZm gmX Xo`mV Amcm.
lr{ed-g_W _{XamMo H$m_ `m Aem V dmVmdaUmVM nyU Pmco. hmoir`m Amgnmg H$moH$UmVrc
AZoH$ {R>H$mUr _mZnmZ dJao Jmo>t_wio gm_m{OH$ dmVmdaU VV AgVo. {e_`mZVahr H$mhr {Xdg
"H${dd' CaVoM. S>oadUcm Va nVeranUo dmVmdaU V R>od`mV òV hmoVo. {X. 5 _o 1981 hm
{Xdg {ed-g_W _{Xam`m CX>KmQ>ZmgmR>r {Z{V H$a`mV Amcm hmoVm Am{U `mgmR>r EH$ ^`
gmohim Am`mo{OV H$a`mV Amcm hmoVm. g_ma^m`m A`jWmZr ImgXma lr_Vr o_cmVmB MhmU
`mZm {Z_{V H$a`mV Amco hmoVo. `m doir lr.A^`qgh amOo ^mogco ho Jham`_r hmoVo. `m`m
94 && MV`gy` &&
hVo lr{edmOr _hmamO Am{U gV am_Xmg dm_r `m`m nwV`mMo AZmdaU H$a`mMo R>aco hmoVo.
nw`m`m X{ZH$ "VU ^maV'Mo gnmXH$ lr.{d.Zm.XodYa _w` nmhUo hUyZ òUma hmoVo. `m{Z{_mmZo
_moR>m g_ma^ hmoUma hmoVm Am{U `mgmR>r _hmam>âmVyZ AZoH$ Zm_dV cmoH$ CnpWV amhmUma hmoVo.
lr_hmamOm`m {damoYH$mZr `m gYrMm \$m`Xm _hmam>â Q>Q>Mr ~XZm_r H$a`mgmR>r CR>d`mMo
R>a{dco. OZ_V Q>Q>{d Amho, Q>Q>{df`r `mnH$ AgVmof OZ_mZgmV Amho, ho XmI{d`mgmR>r
EH$ _moR>o fS>` `moO`mV òD$Z Vo A_cmVhr AmU`mV Amco. `mgmR>r nj Am{U emgZÙm
XmoKmZmhr dmna`mV Amco.
lr.A^`qgh amOo ^mogco g_ma^mgmR>r AmcoM ZmhrV. _m lr_Vr o_cmVmB MhmU AJ`nydH$
g_ma^mg CnpWV am{h`m. _wI nmhUo lr.XodYa `m`mgmR>r XwJdmS>r \$mQ>mda {damoYH$mZr EH$
doJimM dmJV g_ma^ `mo{Ocm hmoVm.
JmoqdX {ZH$_, O`qgJ gwd}, B~mhr_ _moS>H$, H$me amOo{eH}$, grVmam_ cmB_, gBX Icno
AmXt`m ZoVdmImcr gmdS>}-XwJdmS>r \$mQ>mda S>oadUH$S>o òUm`m EH$_od a`mda Q>Q> {damoYH$mZr
PmS>o VmoSy>Z a`mV AmS>dr Q>mHy$Z ZmHo$~Xr Ho$cr. g_ma^mgmR>r nm`r qH$dm dmhZmZo Amco`m
cmoH$mZm AS>dyZ Y_H$mdco, H$mhtZm _mahmU Ho$cr. {MniyUhZ S>oadUH$S>o {ZKmcocr Zoh_rMr
Eg.Q>r.JmS>r, VgoM Eg.Q>r.Mr EH$ Img JmS>r `m O_mdmZo AS>dcr. `mM JmS>rV _wI nmhUo
lr.{d.Zm.XodYa Am{U A` {V{>V {Z_{V `$s, nH$ma VgoM g_ma^mgmR>r {ZKmcoco AZoH$
OU hmoVo. JmS>rcm JamS>m KmcyZ eoH$S>mo cmoH$ Adm` {edrJmi H$arV hmoVo. JmS>r noQ>dyZ Xo`mMr
^mfm H$arV hmoV.o `mM doir VoWZy EH$m Orn_YyZ o_cmVmB MhmU `mMr ZmVodmBH$ _S>ir g_ma^mgmR>r
OmV hmoVr, `mZm cmR>m-H$mR>mZr _mahmU H$a`mV Amcr, OrnMrhr _moS>VmoS> H$a`mV Amcr.
{MniyU òWrc \$moQ>moJm\$a ZXm S>mH$do Am{U _mOr Am_Xma, _mOr {O.n.A`j lr.A_Vamd
^mogco `mZmhr O_mdmZo _mahmU H$$Z naV nmR>{dco. g_ma^mgmR>r {ZKmco`m lr.gw^mf nma_oH$a
`mZmhr _mahmU H$$Z a`md$Z Imcr _moarV \o$Hy$Z Xo`mV Amco. Ho$di lr_hmamOm`m H$noZoM Vo
{OdV am{hco. aZm{Jar {OmMo _mOr hmo_JmS> H$_mS>Q> lr.ZWwam_ ggmao `mZmhr ~oX_ _mahmU
H$a`mV Amcr.
AS>dyZ R>odco`m dmhZmVrc cmoH$mMo â ChmV A{Ve` hmc Pmco. p`m, _wco VhmZoZo, ^wHo$Zo
`mHw$i Pmcr hmoVr. AmaS>m-AmoaS>m, {edrJmi, hmUm_m`m `m_wio Km~$Z Jocr hmoVr. AIoa
JmS>rVrc nH$mam`m {dZVrd$Z Vr JmS>r nwhm {MniyUH$S>o admZm Pmcr. naVw `mhr doir lr.Am~m
amOo{eH}$ Am{U lr.{JOao `mZm JmS>rVyZ Imcr AmoT>yZ _mahmU H$a`mV Amcr. `mMr AIoarg
nmo{cgmZr O_mdmH$Sy>Z gwQ>H$m Ho$cr.
BH$S>o {edg>r`m n[agamV _m AZmdaU gmohim `dpWVar`m nma nS>cm. lr_Vr o_cmVmB
MhmU AmX`m {XderM, {X.$4 _o`m amr S>oadUcm òD$Z nmohmoM`m hmo`m. `m`m_mUoM
AZoH$ _S>ir _w~B, nwUo, aZm{Jar Aem ^mJmVyZ AmX`m {XderM g_ma^Wir nmohmoMcr hmoVr.
gdm`m amhm`m-^moOZmMr `dWm A{Ve` MmoI R>odcocr hmoVr. gm._Jcm ^mJdV Am{U
gm.Hw$_wX _moS>H$ `m g_ma^mcm CnpWV Agco`m XmoZ ^{JZtZr Amn`m dmnr` coImV `mMo
gwXa dUZ Ho$co Amho. `m {c{hVmV, ""gmo_dma {X.$4 _o amoOr Amhr ~`mM _{Ur _w~BhZ {ZKyZ
amr 8&& dmOVm S>oadU òWo "lrgV grVmam_~wdm dmcmdcH$a M[aQ>o~c Q>Q>'`m Amdmam_ò
OmD$Z nmohmoMcmo. {dVV Amdmam`m AZoH$ ~mOycm Q>w~ cmBQ>g cmdco`m hmo`m. `mMm H$me
gdM ~mOy H$m{eV H$arV hmoVm. {dVV Amdma AgyZhr gd dN>Vm Am{U Q>mnQ>rn ZOaoV
â`mOmoJr hmoVr. AZoH$ cmoH$ Amnmn`m H$m_m_ò JT>coco hmoVo. _S>n gwemo{^V H$aUo, doJdoJ`m
OmJr {X`mMr A{YH$ `dWm H$aUo, g_ma^mgmR>r òUm`m nmh`mgmR>r MhmnmUr-OodUmMr `dWm
H$aUo; EdT>oM Zho Va òH$mMr nmXmUo `mo` OmJr d `mo` H$mao gmnS>mdrV hUyZ gwVirMo
~marH$ VwH$S>o KoD$Z EH$ H$m`H$Vm C^m hmoVm d XmoZ Mnc EH$_oH$mZm ~mYyZ R>odV hmoVm. `m gJ`m
ZoQ>Ho$nUmcm {eVrMr Pmca hmoVr. {d{e>> AVamncrH$S>o Mnc H$mTy>Z R>od`mg gm{JVco OmV hmoVo.
OdiM nm`mMr _moR>r Q>mH$s hmoVr. {Vcm AZoH$ VmoQ>m hmo`m. AmYr hmVnm` YwD$ZM _{XamV doe
H$am`Mm hmoVm. aZm{Jar, {MniyU, nwUo Aem AZoH$ {R>H$mUmhZ _mUgo Jmoim Pmcr hmoVr. nU
H$m`H$`m_ò Hw$R>ohr JS>~S>, Jm|Yi, Ymdni ZhVr. Varhr gd Am{V` `dpWV Mmcy hmoVo.''
(AYgmm{hH$ ~cdV, {X.$23.5.1981)
R>rH$ 10 dmOVm lr_Vr o_cmVmB MhmU `m`m A`jVoImcr BeVdZmZo g_ma^mcm gwdmV
Pmcr. CX>KmQ>H$ Amco ZhVo Va _wI nmhUo XwJdmS>r \$mQ>mOdi O_mdmZo Koaco`m Eg.Q>r.JmS>rV
AS>Hy$Z nS>coco hmoVo ! Jm_WmMr CnpWVr VwaiH$ hmoVr; naVw g_ma^ gw`dpWVnUo nma nS>cm.
lr_Vr o_cmVmB Am{U lr_hmamO `mMr g_`mo{MV ^mfUo Pmcr. N>nVr lr{edmOr _hmamO Am{U
lram_Xmg dm_r `m`m A{Ve` ^`, aoIrd, _mU~ {V_mMo lr_Vr o_cmVmB`m ew^hVo
AZmdaU Pmco. Xwnmar 1 dmOVm _hmgmX Pmcm.
g_ma^mcm Wm{ZH$ cmoH$mMr VwaiH$ CnpWVr, nH$ma, N>m`m{MH$ma `mMr AZwnpWVr,
CXKmQ>H$mMo (am`mMo Jham`_r Am{U {edm` N>nVr {edmOr _hmamOmMo WoQ> deO) Am``m
doir g_ma^mg Z òUo Am{U _w` nmhUohr g_ma^Wir nmohmoMy Z eH$Uo, `m Jmo>t_wio H$moR>oVar
H$mhrVar AK{Q>>V KS>V Amho Aer eHo$Mr nmc AZoH$m`m _ZmV MwH$MwH$V hmoVr; naVw lr_hmamO
A{dMc hmoVo. emVnUo EH$EH$ Jmo> nma nmS>>rV hmoVo.
Xwnmar ^moOZmoma JnmJmo>r Mmcy AgVmZm ZmamÙamd ho gH$c nmocrg BnoQ>a lr_Vr o_cmVmBZm
ôQ>`mgmR>r Amco. òWrc n[apWVr \$moQ>H$ Amho; Vohm AmnU Vm~S>Vmo~ òWyZ `mU H$amdo Agm
96 && MV`gy` &&
Vmd `mZr o_cmVmBg_moa _mS>cm. `mM doir lr.~mimgmho~ _mQ>o ho H$mJogMo nwT>margwm lr_Vr
o_cmVmBZm S>oadUhZ Zo`mgmR>r Amco hmoVo. ZmamÙamd `mZr Aerhr gyMZm Ho$cr H$s naV OmVmZm
lr_Vr o_cmVmBZr gmdS>mVrc nwT>m`mMr ôQ> `mdr. Q>Q>`m cmoH$mH$Sy>Z `mMm An_mZ Pmcocm
Amho, {edrJmir Pmcocr Amho; Vohm Q>Q>V\}$ `mMr _m\$s _mJ`mV `mdr. lr_Vr o_cmVmBZr `m
A{YH$m`mcm {Zma H$aUmam EH$M {dMmacm H$s, "AmnU òWo ~Xmo~VmgmR>r Amcm AmhmV H$s
`m nwT>m`mMo dH$rcn KoD$Z Amcm AmhmV ?' `mZr R>m_nUo S>oadU gmoS>`mg ZH$ma {Xcm. "òWo
lr_hmamO _mPo gajU H$a`mg g_W AmhoV. _r òWrc gd cmoH$ naV Jo`mZVaM OmBZ,' Ago
`mZr R>m_nUo gm{JVco. Vohm Vmo nmocrg A{YH$mar (Am{U gmo~V Amcocm nwT>mar) {Z_yQ>nUo naV
Jocm. `mZVa nmocrg gajUmVhr dmT> H$a`mV Amcr.
gm`H$mir nmM dmOVm lr_hmamOmMo dMZ Pmco. lr_Vr o_cmVmBgh gd _S>itZr lr_hmamOmMo
{dMma loZo ldU Ho$co. amr O`dV Hw$cH$Uu `mZr "dadXZm' hm gJrVmMm H$m`H$_ gmXa Ho$cm.
gH$mi`m AmXmocZm_wio `m Img Eg.Q>r._YyZ òUmao VrZ dmXH$ H$cmH$ma naV Joco hmoVo. naVw
CncY ghH$m`m{Zer lr.Hw$cH$Uu `mZr Amncm H$m`H$_ A{Ve` lm`w$ ^mdZoZo, CH$Q>
AV:H$aUmZo gmXa Ho$cm. `m_wio H$m`H$_ IynM aJcm.
amr 11 dmOVm {MniyUMo H$mhr H$mJog H$m`H$V} lr_Vr o_cmVmBZm ôQ>m`cm Amco. gH$mir
KS>bo`m qhgH$ H$mam`m doir o_cmVmB`m H$mhr H$m`H$`mZm ~arM _mahmU H$a`mV Amcr
hmoVr. {MniyU`m H$mhr H$m`H$`mZr `mZm dH$s` CnMma H$$Z {MniyU`m g{H$Q> hmD$g_ò
R>odco hmoVo. Vo H$m`H$V} o_cmVmBZm ôQy> BpN>V hmoVo. naVw `mhr doir o_cmVmBZr S>oadU Z gmoS>Vm
`m OI_r H$m`H$`mZmM S>oadU òWo KoD$Z ò`mg gm{JVco. `m_mUo ZVa Vo H$m`H$V} amr S>oadU
òWo Amco. `mVrc H$mhtZm ~S>oO ~mYcoco hmoVo. H$mht`m OI_mZm Q>mHo$ KmVcoco hmoVo, Va H$mhr
AmYma KoV`m{edm` Mmcy eH$V ZhVo. `mZm nmhZ gH$mir qhgmMmam`m doir òUm`m {edo_tZm
g_mOH$Q>H$mZr {H$Vr A_mZwf _mahmU Ho$cr hmoVr `mMr gdmZmM H$nZm Amcr.
Xwg`m {Xder hUOo {X.$6 _o amoOr gH$mir lr_hmamOmZr o_cmVmBnmgyZ Vo AJXr nmh`mZm
KoD$Z Amco`m ~g`m S>m`ha-H$S>Q>gn`V gdmZm AmWoZo {Zamon {Xcm Am{U `m JmS>m`m
Vm`m~amo~aM o_cmVmB _mJW Pm`m. XheVrMo gmdQ> AgyZhr gd H$m`H$_ CgmhmZo gmOam
H$a`mV Amcm.
N>nVr lr{edmOr _hmamOmMo _{Xa Cô H$aUo hr lr_hmamOmMr AZoH$ df _ZmV ~miJcocr
BN>m nyU Pmcr. lr{edmOr _hmamOmMo Ago _{Xa C`m _hmam>mV qgYwXwJ {H$`mdarc _{XamMm
EH$_od AndmX dJi`mg A` H$moR>ohr Zmhr. naVw Aem H$m`H$_mcm EdT>m {damoY hmdm hr
XwXdr KQ>Zm hmoVr Am{U `m H$m`H$_mcm AneHw$Z H$aUmao {damoYH$M `m_wio CKS>o nS>co.
1981-82 `m H$mcmdYrV S>oadU òWo qhgmMmamcm D$V Amcm hmoVm. gmdS>} òWrc gdlr ZmZm
_mo{hao, Xmmo~m {ZH$_, AZV MhmU, nmSw>aJ MhmU, ~m~m Q>onH$a (MhmU), {dR>mo~m MhmU,
am_M ^wdS> `m`m Kamda ho H$a`mV Amco. Vw\$mZ XJS>\o$H$ H$a`mV Amcr. JdVm`m J`mZm
AmJr cmd`mV Am`m. nmSw>aJ MhmU Ka gmoSy>Z niyZ Joco. {dR>mo~m MhmU XheVr_wio OJcmV
OmD$Z cnyZ am{hco. VoWyZ `mZm nH$Sy>Z AmUyZ Im~mcm ~mYyZ _mahmU H$a`mV Amcr. ZmZm _mo{hao
`mMo Eg.Q>r.Q>S>_Yrc H$Q>rZ Omi`mV Amco. `mMo H$mnS> XwH$mZ cwQ>`mV Amco. "~wcoQ>'
_moQ>magm`H$c XJS> Ym|S>mZr _moSy>Z-VmoSy>Z Q>mH$`mV Amcr. `m`m Xoer Xm$`m XwH$mZmVrb Xm$
AmYr `WoN> {nD$Z ZVa XwH$mZmMr ZmgYyg H$a`mV Amcr. am_M ^wdS> `m`m Kamda H$di
Q>mHy$Z Vo Omi`mMm `Z Pmcm. `m doir nmo{cgmZm n[apWVr {ZÙmImcr AmU`mgmR>r
Jmoir~ma H$amdm cmJcm. `mV EH$ Jm` _aU nmdcr. nwT>o `m Jmoir~mamMm _moR>m JdJdm H$a`mV
Amcm. MmH$erMr _mJUr H$a`mV Amcr. naVw hoImoa cmoH$M MmH$erMr _mJUr H$a`mV AJoga
hmoVo Am{U AIoarg ho H$aU Amn`mcmM mgXm`H$ hmoBc ho cjmV Am`mda Vr MmH$erhr
XS>nyZ Q>mH$`mV Amcr.
`m H$mimV lr_hmamOm`m njmV AgUm`m S>oadU òWrc _moO`m cmoH$mZm AZoH$ A{{X`mZm
Vm|S> mdo cmJco. AnmeoQ> _mo{hao W_nmgyZ lr_hmamOm`m {dmgmVrc AgUmao, S>oadU òWrc
EH$ {V{>V XwH$mZXma. `m gKfm`m H$mimV `m`m KaMr _mUgo gm_m{OH$ ~{hH$ma, Y_`m
Aem VUmdmZm Vm|S> XoD$ eH$cr ZmhrV. `m_wio Vr AnmMmM {VaH$ma H$$ cmJcr. Ka {\$aco
Am{U AnmZm KamV `m`cm nmUr {_ioZm Aer AdWm Amcr. AIoa _o 1980`m Xa`mZ
Anmhr ZmBcmOmZo, Agmhm`nUo {ZH$_ H$nyV gm_rc Pmco; naVw Anm gdm hmoVo. `m`m
gXgX{ddoH$ ~wrMr Q>moMUr `mZm cmJcr Am{U {X. 12 Zmoh|~a 1981 amoOr Anm naV
lr_hmamOmH$S>o Amco. `mMm gyS> hUyZ {X. 1 E{c 1982 amoOr B~mhr_ _moS>H$ `m`m gmJ`md$Z
{dUy MhmU, JJmam_ gwS>H$moOr MhmU Am{U A` H$mhr cmoH$mZr AnmeoQ> `mZm gmdS>m`m
~mOmanoR>oV â a`mV {dd H$$Z _maco.
naVw hr gd _S>ir lr_hmamOmdarc AT>i lo_wio lr_hmamOmZm AIS>nUo gmW XoV hmoVr.
AnmeoQ>Zm Pmco`m _mahmUrZVa lr_hmamOmZr `mZm Yra {Xcm. lr_hmamOmZr gm{JVco H$s,
"Amncr ~mOy Y_mMr Amho. OoWo Y_ Amho VoWo O` Amho. Xodmda {dmg R>odm. JwS>{Jarcm Km~$
ZH$m. eodQ>r gmao H$mhr MmJco hmoBc. H$maU Amncm _mJ g`mMm Amho.' EHo$ {Xder gm`H$mir
{Z`m_mUo eoVmda \o$ar _maV AgVmZm lr_hmamOmZm EH$ {edH$dM gmnS>co. `mZr Vo AnmZm
{Xbo d `mMr {Z` nyOm H$a`mg gm{JVco. AnmMohr {Xdg nwT>o nmcQ>co. YXm ââmQ>rcm Amcm.
_mZg_mZ nwhm {_imcm. `m gWoVyZ An_mZmnXar`m ~mhoa nS>mdo cmJco hmoVo, `m gmr
98 && MV`gy` &&
{ejU gWoV `mZm nwhm g_mZmZo ~mocmdyZ Ko`mV Amco. _m Anmda hm H$aUmao Am{U `mMo
H$a{dVo YZr `mZm `WmdH$me Amn`m H$_mMr \$io g`mO ^moJmdr cmJcr.
lr.Anm _mo{h`m_mUoM lr.Xmmo~m MhmU `mMr lr_hmamOmda AZ` {Z>m hmoVr. Xmmo~m ho
S>oadU JmdMo ganM hmoVo. `m_wio AZoH$ doim ganM Am{U lr_hmamOmMo EH${Z> ^$ Aem Xmohr
O~m~Xm`m gm^miVmZm `mMr H$m|S>r hm`Mr.
XodimV Zmai R>odyZ Q>Q>da Am{U lr._`mgmho~ ~mnygmho~ amOo{eH}$ `m`mda ~{hH$ma Kmc`mV
Amcm. `m doir _`mgmho~mZr ~{hH$ma KmcUm`m nMmd Hw$Qw>~mda H$moQ>mV Xmdo JwXaco hmoVo. `m
gX^mV _mo\$V dH$sc {_id`mgmR>r `m gdmZm Jm_nMm`VrH$Sy>Z CnmMo XmIco hdo hmoVo.
_hmamOmda _Z:nydH$ ^$s H$aUm`m Xmmo~mZm, Ago XmIco XoUo hUOo lr_hmamOmer A`jnUo
H$m hmoBZm, naVw WmoS>m\$ma moh H$aUo Ago dmQ>V hmoVo. naVw _hmamOmZrM `mZm gm{JVco, ""ganM
hUyZ XmIco XoUo hm Vw_`m H$V`mMm ^mJ Amho; Vohm O$a XmIco m. `m XmI`m_wio Vo gwQ>co
Var MmcVrc. naVw H$V`mV H$gya H$$ ZH$m. {edm` AnH$mamMr \o$S> CnH$mamZo H$amdr. _r _m`m
{damoYH$mZmhr Q>H$aZo nmUr nmOVmo, Vo ^mS>VmZm `mMo Kgo gwHy$ ZòV hUyZM !'' lr_hmamOmdarc
{Z>o_wio Vo gmh{OH$M {damoYH$m`m S>mo`mV gcV. `m`mdahr JwS>mH$Sy>Z h`mMo `Z Pmco;
naVw lr_hmamOm`m H$noMo H$dM `mZm cm^co hmoVo. `m_wio òH$ doir Vo gH$Q>mVyZ, AJmda gmYm
AmoaIS>mgwm Z CR>Vm ~mhoa nS>co.
EH$Xm {MniyU Eg.Q>r.Q>S>da EH$m _mUgmZo, "Xmmo~mZr _cm Y$m XoD$Z nmS>co' Agm Ami
KoD$Z JXu O_{dcr Am{U JXuH$adrM Xmmo~mZm _mahmU H$a{d`mMm `Z Ho$cm. `m doir VoWo EH$
H$moUr AZmoiIr r Amcr Am{U {VZo `m _mUgmMo q~J \$moS>co Am{U Xmmo~m hmUm_marVyZ dmMco.
Vr r hUOo lr_hmamOmMr Xmmo~mdarc H$nmM _yV$n hmoD$Z Amcr Ago Xmmo~mZm `m doir
dmQ>co.
EH$Xm Q>Q>`m JmS>rVyZ Q>Q>t~amo~a JwhmJacm OmV AgVmZm JmS>rg_moa AMmZH$ EH$ _wcJm
AmS>dm Amcm. S>m`haZo OmoamV ~oH$ cmd`m_wio JmS>r OmJrM Wm~cr. _wcJm dmMcm. naVw ~og`m
AmdmOmZo JXu Jmoim Pmcr. `m JXuV gmdS>mVrc EH$ _mUyg hmoVm. Vmo cmoH$mZm {MWmdUr XoD$Z
JmS>rVrc cmoH$mZm ~mhoa AmoTy>Z _ma`m{df`r ~mocy cmJcm. naVw `mhr doir EH$m _mUgmZo R>UH$mdyZ
gm{JVco H$s, "_wcmMr MwH$s hmoVr. Vmo AMmZH$ doJmZo JmS>rg_moa Amcm. Vmo dmMcm hr A$cH$moQ>
dm_tMr H$nm. `m XodWmZ`m JmS>m AmhoV. `mZm Vwhr _maUma ? CcQ> `mMo Am^ma _mZm !'
Xmmo~m AZoH$ df} S>oadUMo ganM hmoVo. JmdmV `m`m eXmcm _mZ hmoVm. naVw dmVmdaU JTy>i
Pm`mda nwT>rc {ZdS>UwH$scm Cô Z amhm`mMo `mZr R>a{dco. _`Var gmdS>m`m cmoH$mZr
`m`m Kamda _moMm H$mTy>Z `mMm amOrZm_m _mJ`mMm A`mnmaofw `mnmahr Ho$cm hmoVm. _m
lr_hmamOmZr `mZm AJXr o_mMm AmXoe {Xcm, ""VwhrM Am_Mo ganM AmhmV. lrA$cH$moQ>Mo
dm_r VwhmcmM {ZdSy>Z AmUUma AmhoV. `m~m~VrV Vw_Mo {damoYH$ {Z^ hmoVrc.'' {ZH$_, _moS>H$
AmXr lr_hmamOmMo {damoYH$ Xmmo~mZm nmS>`mgmR>r S>oadUcm Vi R>moHy$Z ~gco hmoVo. naVw Xmmo~m
{ZdSy>Z Va AmcoM Am{U ganMnXrgwm nwhm `mMrM {Z`w$s Pmcr.
1981 gmc`m CmamYmV "S>oadU Jm_ godm-_S>i, _w~B' hr gWm _w~BVyZ Q>Q>`m {damoYmV
H$madm`m H$$ cmJcr hmoVr. 5 AmQ>mo~a 1981 amoOr Ho$iwH$a Zmdm`m EH$m nH$mamZo S>oadU òWo
òD$Z Q>Q>`m {damoYmV H$mhr _mc_gmcm {_iVmo H$m ho nmhm`mgmR>r AZoH$m`m JmR>rôQ>r KoV`m.
AZoH$m`m KamV KwwgyZ ~mH$i {dMm$Z `mZo S>oadU òWrc _mVm-^{JZtMm An_mZ Ho$cm.
Q>Q>Zo Amncr gnmr H$mhr cmoH$m`m Kar XS>dyZ R>odcr Amho Aem _yI g_OwVrZo `mZo H$mhr KamV
KwgyZ KamVrc gm_mZ-gw_mZ, noQ>m, _mio YwS>mico. AIoarg S>oadU`m p`mZr IoQ>amZo ~S>dyZ
`mcm nmo{cgm`m hdmcr Ho$co.
"S>oadU Jm_ godm-_S>im'Mr n{hcr g^m _w~Bcm {X. 21 Zmoh|~a 1981 amoOr Zm`Jmd
hm`Hy$c_ò Pmcr. `m gô`m Am`moOZmV {OOm~m JwOa, JUnV JwOa, H$merZmW `mXd, {XZH$a
JwOa, _hmXod JwOa Am{U H$m|{S>~m amOo{eH}$ ho S>oadUMo _w~B {Zdmgr Jm_W hmoVo. naVw Am`mMr
Jmo> hUOo `m gôcm S>oadUhZ _ma ImD$Z Am{U nmocrg H$moR>S>rMr hdm ImD$Z Jococo VWmH${WV
nH$ma Ho$iwH$a hohr hmoVo Am[U nw`mhZ EZ.Ama.\$S>Ho$ Am{U lrnmX JmoIco ho lr_hmamOmMo
Jw~Yyhr Img `m gôgmR>r CnpWV am{hco hmoVo !
\$S>Ho$ Am{U JmoIco `mMr `m gôVrc hOoar CoJOZH$ hmoVr. `m `rcm Jw~Yy hUyZ
lr_hmamOmZr o_mZo Am{U g_mZmZo dmJdco hmoVo. {Vdfu Jwnm{U_o`m {Xder `mMm Jw~Yy
hUyZ Img gH$ma H$arV AgV; naVw `m`m _ZmV _m lr_hmamOm{df`r Ho$di ofmMr {dfdr
CJdcr hmoVr. lr_hmamOmZr nw`mcm lr~m~m`m WmZmda O{dcoco {eV Am{U g`_mMo dmVmdaU
`mZm _mZdUmao ZhVo. gX>Jw$`m WmZmMm dmT>cocm _{h_m Am{U CH$fgwm `mZm gcy cmJcm
hmoVm Am{U `m_wio lr_hmamOmZm {damoY H$a`mMm EH$ H$c_r H$m`H$_ `mZr hmVr KoVcm hmoVm.
^> amOH$maUr, AnMmam_wio Jm|YiyZ MwH$s`m njmV gm_rc Pmcoco Jm_W Am{U Agy`mJV
Jw~Yy Aer hr A^ `wVr AmH$mamcm Amcr hmoVr. \$S>Ho$-JmoIco _w~Bcm Va JocoM nU S>oadUgmdS>m`m ghmUodahr Amn`m _ZmVrc _i_i AmoHy$Z Joco. ^mfUo, N>mnrc nHo$, dmnmVrc
{ZdoXZo, {ZZmdr nHo$ Aem AZoH$ _mJmZr AZoH$ OU `m doir lr_hmamOm`m {damoYmV `mnH$
Mm[a`hZZmMr EH$ _moR>r _mohr_ MmcdrV hmoVo. {VMm AmdmH$m "Jmo~og'cmhr cmO{dUmam hmoVm.
EImXr ImoQ>r Jmo> R>mgyZ AZoH$dma gm{JVcr H$s Vr IarM dmQ>Vo `m Vdm_mUo dmadma {~Z~wS>mMo
Amamon H$$Z lr_hmamOmMr n{V_m _crZ H$a`mMo `Z Mmcy hmoV.o Vmo _m`mr`m VoOmo^mH$amda
100 && MV`gy` &&
WwH $`mMm `Z hmoVm !

naVw `m A`V {VHy$c n[apWVrVgwm lr_hmamO Amnco AJrH$V H$m` ZoQ>mZo nwT>o ZoV hmoVo.
{X.$26 OmZodmar 1982 amoOr (_mK ew && 1) amoOr lr grVmam_~wdmMr nw`{VWr Aem V,
{VHy$c dmVmdaUmVgwm CgmhmZo gmOar H$a`mV Amcr. {X. 25 E{nc 1982 amoOr Q>Q>_ò
{edO`Vr gmOar hmoUma hmoVr. JVdfu Pmco`m qhgmMmam`m nm^y_rda, gmdY{JarMm Cnm`
hUyZ Q>Q>Zo AJmoXaM _w`_`mn`V AO Ho$co hmoVo. n[aUm_V: JmoqdX {ZH$_ `mZm {X. 25.4.1982
amoOr {_gmImcr AQ>H$ H$a`mV Amcr. VgoM B~mhr_ _moS>H$, O`qgJ gwd} Am{U A` H$mhr
cmoH$mZm _w~B nmocrg H$m`m`m 151 `m H$c_mImcr AQ>H$ H$a`mV Amcr. {edO`Vr gmohim
CgmhmZo Am{U {Z{dZnUo nma nS>cm. gm`H$mir dmOV JmOV {_adUyH$ {ZKmcr. amr OmXyJma
aKwdra (`w.) `mMo OmXyMo `moJ Pmco.
{X. 5.5.1982 amoOr {ZH$_ Am{U `mMo gmWrXma `mMr Zm.^mB gmdV `m`m _`WrZo gwQ>H$m
Pmcr. `mZVa qhgmMmamcm WmoS>m\$ma Amim ~gcm. gVV 2-3 df} Q>Q>{damoYmV AmH$_H$nUo
Mmc{d`mV Amcocr ImoS>gmi Mma _mohr_, ~{hH$ma, XJS>\o$H$, hmUm_m`m `m_wio {damoYH$mMo
Iao d$n gdgmYmaU g_mOm`m cjmV òD$ cmJco hmoVo Am{U `m Andmt`m {damoYmV {ZfoYmMo
H$mhr da CRy> cmJco hmoVo. "_cm H$m` `mMo' Aer ^mdZm Z R>odVm AmnUhr gK{Q>V hmoD$Z,
AmnUmgmR>rM H$m` H$aUm`m Q>Q>`m nmR>rer R>m_nUo Am{U CKS>nUo Cô amhZ Q>Q>cm {ZXmZ
Z{VH$ nmqR>~m mdm Agm {dMma H$$Z cmoH$mZr C\y$VnUo {X. 4 _mM 1983 amoOr "A`m`
{ZdmaU H$Vr g{_Vr'Mr WmnZm Ho$cr. Hw$S>n, {Zdir, S>oadU, H$mog~r, gmdS>m, Zmèr, \w$g,
òJmd, XwJdmS>r, hS>H$Ur, ZmXJmd `m AmOy~mOy`m JmdmVrc cmoH$ `m g{_VrV gm_rc Pmco.
{X. 25.3.1983 amoOr Hw$S>n òWo EH$ _moR>m _oimdm Am`mo{OV H$a`mV Amcm. `m _oim`mMo
A`j lr.Ho$edamd ZmXJmdH$a ho hmoVo, Va gdlr Xmmo~m {ZH$_, gImam_ H$mocVo (_w~B Jm_gwYma
H|$), Vmnamd gwd} ({Zdir), Xmmam_ H$X_ (\w$$g), Vmn {d. amOo{eH}$ (ganM - Hw$S>n),
Xmmo` MhmU (ganM - S>oadU), ZmZmgmho~ gwd} ({Zdir), gm.{dm {d.XoenmS>o (XwJdmS>r)
AmXr _wI cmoH$ CnpWV hmoVo. gô_ò gdmZr A`m`m{d cT>`mMr enW KoVcr. g{_VrZo
A`j hUyZ lr.~mOramd ZmZm amOo{eH}$ `mMr {ZdS> Ho$cr. H$mog~rMo 75 df d`mMo qhXyY_m{^_mZr,
{Z:nh, {Z:dmWu Am{U A`V m_m{UH$ Ago lr.èdV JJmOramd VWm _m_m ImZ{dcH$a
`m`mH$S>o gdmZr AmJh H$$Z {MQ>UrgnXmMr O~m~Xmar gmon{dcr. g{_VrZo JwS>{Jar`m {damoYmV
H$mhr nmdco CMccr; naVw amOH$s` nwT>m`m`m XS>nUm_wio g{_Vr \$mago è nXamV nmSy>Z KoD$
eH$cr Zmhr. Varhr EH$m _hdm`m {df`mcm `m g{_Vr`m _m`_mVyZ dmMm \$moS>`mV Amcr.
{ed-g_W JS>m`m ZOrH$ lrXod Xm XodWmZ`m _mcH$s`m OmJoV lrkmZZmW g_mYr Amho.
`m g_mYrda {hadr MmXa KmcyZ Vmo nra Amho Ago {g H$a`mMm IQ>mQ>mon gmdS>mVrc _wgc_mZ
g_mOmVrc H$mhr CnX>`mnr cmoH$mZr gw$ Ho$cm. `mV Zoh_r_mUo B~mhr_ _moS>H$ `mMm nwT>mH$ma
hmoVm. {hadr MmXa KmcyZ VoWo 10-12 H$Xrc dJao AmUyZ cmd`mV Amco. hm EH$mM XJS>mV AZoH$
njr _ma`mMm `Z hmoVm. naVw _w` amoI {ed-g_W JS>mdaM hmoVm. lr_hmamOmZr hm YmoH$m
AmoiIyZ ho {hado AmH$_U naVdyZ cmd`mMm _Zmo_Zr gH$n Ho$cm. "A`m` {ZdmaU g{_Vr'`m
dVrZo {MQ>Urg lr._m_m ImZ{dcH$a `mZr H$moQ>mV {\$`mX JwXacr, Am{U ho H$aU `m`{d> Pmco.
g{_Vr`m _mJUrd$Z VoWo nmocrg ~Xmo~Vhr R>od`mV Amcm. naVw ho nmo{cghr _wgc_mZ Ym{OUo
{ZKmco. `mZr kmZZmWm`m g_mYrdarc ^Jdm dOM \$mSy>Z Q>mH$cm. 1982-83 gmcmV EH$Xm
lr._m_m ImZ{dcH$a ho lr_hmamOmgmo~V lrkmZZmWm`m g_mYr`m XeZmcm Joco hmoVo. `m doir
lr_hmamO _m_mZm hUmco, ""_m_m ! ho H$m_ MwQ>H$sgaer hmoUma Amho. EH$ {Xdg gH$mir CRy>Z
nmhmc Va VoWo lrkmZZmW _hmamOmMo _{Xa Cô am{hcoco Vwhmcm {Xgoc.''
Am{U AJXr VgoM KS>co ! 24 _o 1992 `m {Xder hUOo lr_hmamOm`m _hm{ZdmUmZVa VrZ
dfmZr S>oadU`m nMH$moerVrc XrS>-XmoZ gh qhXy EH$ O_co. CgmhmZo Am{U Am_{dmgmZo
H$m_mcm cmJco Am{U g_mYr^modVr nmMeo \y$Q> cm~rMr 6 \y$Q> CMrMr Aer ^$_ XJS>r gajH$
q^V `mZr ~mYyZ H$mT>cr. gH$mir ghm dmO`mnmgyZ Xwg`m {Xder nhmQ>o Mma dmOon`V hOmamo
hmV PnmQ>`mgmaIo H$m_ H$arV hmoVo. gmao H$m_ d`\y$VuZo l_XmZ H$$Z nwao H$a`mV Amco.
lrkmZZmWm`m g_mYrda N>moQ>oImZr Ama.gr.gr.Mo _{Xahr C^ma`mV Amco. {X. 4 OyZ 1992
amoOr lrkmZZmWm`m _yVuMr {V>mnZm Pmcr. {V>mnZo`m {XdgmnmgyZ nwT>o EH$ _{hZm gVV
Ahmoam ÔZmMm H$m`H$_ Mmcy hmoVm. ho gmao KS>co Vo lr_hmamOmZr S>oadU_ò Ho$co`m _hmZ
H$m`mMrM \$clwVr hmoVr. Y_m{^_mZmMo Oo ~rO `mZr `m _mVrV Q>mH$co hmoVo, `mVyZM ho nrH$
Vam$Z Amco hmoVo. {Z^`VoMo ~miH$Sy> `mZr nmOco hUyZ eoH$S>mo qhXy VU A`m`m{d IdiyZ
CRy>Z kmZZmW _{Xam`m C^maUrgmR>r PQy>Z am~co. H$ch Am{U Xwhr_wio {dIwacocm, AgK[QV
Am{U hUyZM Xw~im ~Zcocm, _wOmoa Ang`mH$mMo gmao Mmio ghZ H$aUmam g_mO gK[Q>V
H$a`mgmR>r lr_hmamO Am`w`â H$>co. `m`m _hm{ZdmUmZVa `mM g_mOmZo lr_hmamOmZm
H$VkVmnydH dm{hcocr hr AmXamOcrM hmoVr !
lrkmZZmW g_mYrMr OmJm Am{U {VMm n[aga `mV A{V{dfmar qdMy Am{U gnmMm _w$ dmda
Ago. H$m_mcm ma^ H$a`mnydu gdmZr lr_hmamOmg_moa Zmai R>odyZ mWZm Ho$cr H$s, "H$moUmcmhr
H$gcr BOm hmoD$ Zò. gdmZm gm^miyZ `mdo.' lr_hmamOm`m H$noZo gmao H$m_ {Z{dZnUo nma
nS>co.
hr KQ>Zm 1992 _Yrc Amho. naVw {VMr nmio_wio ^yVH$mimV hmoVr Am{U g_W am_Xmgm`m
102 && MV`gy` &&
"{Vgao Vo gmdYnU& gd {df`r' `m C$s_mUo gmdY AgUm`m lr_hmamOmZr A`m` {ZdmaU

g{_Vrcm H$m`dm H$$Z 1983 gmcrM `m H$m`mcm oaUm {Xcr hmoVr. C`m qhXwWmZmV Aer
AZoH$ n{d Wio naH$r` AmH$_Umcm ~ir nS>cr. `mVrc {H$Vr {R>H$mUr nwhm "gZmVZ d{XH$
qhXy Y_m'Mr nVmH$m \$S>H$cr ?
S>oadU òWo gZ 1983 nmgyZM {edO`Vr "\$mJwZ d 3' `m _m`da gemoYH$mZr gemoYZmAVr
{Z{V Ho$co`m {VWrg gmOar H$a`mV òD$ cmJcr. lr{ed-g_W JS> Am{U {ed-g_W _{XamMo
~hVoH$ H$m_ AmVm nyU hmoV Amco hmoVo.
^$_ H$m`m XJS>mMr VQ>~ Xr, VQ>mda JV Kmc`mgmR>r dmQ>m, Q>ohiUr ~w$O, VQ>mda
AVamAVamda nhmam XoUmao ^mcm-T>mc-VcdmaYmar _mdio, doe mamdarc ~wOmda lram_Xmg
dm_r AmZXm{Ve`mZo hmV CMmdyZ CM damV JOV AmhoV, "CXS> Omhco nmUr & ZmZg`m
H$amd`m && ~wS>mcm Ama`m nmnr & c|N> ghma Omhcm &&' ~mOycmM VwH$mo~m H$sVZmMo aJr ZmMV
AmhoV, XmXmoOr H$m|S>Xod ~mc{edmOtZm {ejU XoV AmhoV, lr{edmOr _hmamO am_Xmg dm_tZm
am` AnU H$arV AmhoV Aer {d{dY XoIUr {eno, {H$`m`m H$_mZrVyZ AmV doe Ho$cm H$s
^` g^m-_S>nmV {edM[amVrc _hdmMo Ago gJ {M~ Ho$coco Am{U ~mOycm XoIUo {edg_W _{Xa, Ago EH$ A{V^` "{ed{d' VoWo gmH$ma Pmco hmoVo. Hw$ec N>m`m{MH$mamZo Zo_H$m
jU nH$Sy>Z N>m`m{M `mdo `m_mUo {d{dY KQ>ZmMr {Mo ~ZdVmZm Zo_Ho$ jU gmH$ma Ho$coco
AmhoV. {edO_, amo{hS>oamMr enW, A\$PcImZmMm dY, nmdZqIS>rVrc PwO, ZoVmOr nmcH$amMo
ewrH$aU, _mVmolr {OOmD$Mm AmerdmX, {edam`m{^foH$ Ago AZoH$ gJ A{Ve` gwXanUo
{M{V H$a`mV Amcoco AmhoV.
{X.20 _mM 1984 amoOr {VWr_mUo {edO`Vr òV hmoVr. lr_hmamOm`m _ZrMo ^` dZ
AZV AS>MUtZm VmoS> XoD$Z, AZoH$ gKfm`m gJmZm Y`mZo gm_moao OmD$Z gmH$ma Pmco hmoVo. gm`m
_hmam>mV {edg>r{df`r Hw$Vyhc {Z_mU Pmco hmoVo. JmdmoJmdhZ Am~mcd, r nwf JQ>mJQ>mZo
{edg>r nmhm`cm AmdOyZ, Ajae: dmQ> dmH$S>r H$$Z òV hmoVo. S>oadU JmdmMm CoI AmVm
ghOnUo, ^{$^mdmZo lrjo S>oadU Agm hmoD$ cmJcm hmoVm. 1984 gmc`m {edO`Vrcm
{edgoZm_wI _m.lr.~mimgmho~ R>mH$ao `mZm A`j hUyZ {Z_{V H$a`mV Amco hmoV.o m.{edmOramd
^mogco _wI do$ hmoVo Va _wI nmh`m hUyZ gmVma`m lr_V H$nZmamOo ^mogco CnpWV hmo`m.
`m {Xder {edg>rMo OUy AmnMm[aH$ CX>KmQ>ZM Pmco. {edgQ>r `mZr Ahmoam H$> H$$Z
gmH$ma Ho$cr `m {enH$ma lr.JUoe dm. D$\$ XmXm nmQ>H$a `mMm VgoM {Z{_VrV `mZm gmW XoUmao
`mMo gwnw lr.H$me nmQ>H$a `mMm emc, lr\$i Am{U gwdUnXH$ XoD$Z gH$ma H$a`mV Amcm.
A`jr` ^mfUmV lr.~mimgmho~ R>mH$ao `mZr {edam`m`m _hmam>mV {edO`Vr {_adUwH$sda
gaH$maZo ~Xr Kmcmdr `mMm Vrd {ZfoY Ho$cm. Xoe Am{U qhXy Y_mMo OVZ, gdYZ H$a`m`m
lr{XJ~aXmg _hmamOm`m _hmZ H$m`mMr `mZr _w$ H$R>mZo VwVr Ho$cr. {edgoZo`m nmR>rer
lr_hmamOmMo AmerdmX AgmdoV Aer Anojmhr `$ Ho$cr. lr_V H$nZmamOo ^mogco VgoM
lr.~m~mgmho~ ^mogco, {edgoZoMo ZoVo XmmOramd gmidr `mMrhr VoOdr ^mfUo Pmcr. lr_Vr
gw_Vr~mB YZdQ>o Am{U lr.eocma_m_m `mZrhr Amnco {dMma `$ Ho$co. lr_hmamOm`m AmerdmXm_H$
^mfUmMm cm^hr CnpWV lmo`mZm `m doir Pmcm.
lr{edO`Vr CgdmV A{YH$m{YH$ cmoH$ gh^mJr hmdoV, AmOy~mOy`m JmdmVyZ nmcIr
{_adUwH$m `m`mV Am{U {ed-g_W JS>mMm n[aga N>nVt`m OÒ`H$mamZo Xw_Xw_yZ Omdm Aer
lr_hmamOmMr BN>m; naVw hm O`Kmof ~hYm gaH$mar Ùocm Am{U lr_hmamOm`m {damoYH$mZm
ghZ hmoV Zgmdm. `m_wio {edO`Vr`m doir Z MwH$Vm gmdS>} n[agamV 144 H$c_ nwH$m$Z
{_adUwH$sMr ZmHo$~Xr H$a`mV òV Ago. ~Xr hHw$_mMo CKZ H$aUo lr_hmamOm`m d^mdmV
~gUmao ZhVo. Ho$di JmdJwS>m_wio _hmam>m`m `m cmS>`m amOmMr {_adUyH$ {ZKy eH$V ZhVr ho
Iao Va emgZmcm cm{OadmUo hmoVo. {edgoZm _wImZr Zo_H$s hrM IV 1984 gmc`m CgdmV
`$hr Ho$cr hmoVr.
1985 gmcr _m Ago 144 H$c_ cmd`mV Amcoco ZhVo, hUyZ lr_hmamOmZr gmdS>} òWrc
Eg.Q>r.Q>S> Vo {ed-g_W JS> Aer {ed{V_oMr ^` {_adUyH$ H$mT>m`Mo R>a{dco. R>a{d`m_mUo
gmdS>mVyZ {_adUyH$$ {ZKmcr. gw_mao gmV-AmR> hOma {edo_r Am{U lr_hmamOmMo AZw`m`r
{_adUwH$sV gm_rc Pmco. T>moc, Vmeo, nIdmO H$S>mSy> cmJco. VwVm`mMo ZmX Kw_y cmJco. \$Q>m`mMm
H$S>H$S>mQ> gw$ Pmcm. AJ{UV ^Jdo P|S>o S>mcmZo ZmMy cmJco. {_adUyH$ lr{edam`mMm JJZôXr
O`Kmof H$arV gWJVrZo nwT>o gaHy$ cmJcr. AMmZH$ nmo{cgmZr {_adUwH$scm doT>m KmcyZ, lr{edam`m`m
Zm_gH$rVZmV aJyZ Joco`m ^$OZmda ~XwH$m amoI`m. 144 H$c_ nwH$maco. nmcIrVrc {ed{V_m
nmo{cgmZr Vm`mV KoVcr Am{U {_adUyH$ ~X H$a`mMm AmXoe nmocrg Cn{ZarjH$ lr.gmidr `mZr
{Xcm. AmXoe Z _mZ`mg Jmoir~ma H$a`mV òBc Aer Y_H$s {Xcr. {_adUyH$ ~X nS>`mda,
{dag Pmcoco {_adUwH$sVrc cmoH$ {ed-g_W JS>mH$S>o naVco. S>oadU \$mQ>mda Am`mda nmo{cgmZr
{ed{V_m nwhm nmcIrV R>odcr. gmoMm Xw$n`moJ H$aUmar Am{U amOH$s` X~mdmcm eaU Jococr
emgZ Ùm Am{U {VMo A{YH$mar `m`m `m _Z_mZr H$`m_wio C`m _hmam>mVyZ Amco`m {edo_tMm
{ha_moS> Pmcm; naVw Varhr lr_hmamOmZr n[apWVr A`V g`_mZo hmVmicr Am{U H$moUVmhr
AgJ hmoD$ {Xcm Zmhr. H$m`Xm hm H$m`Xm AgVmo. Vmo MwH$sMm Agoc Va gZXeranUo ~Xc`mMm
`Z H$am, nU Vmo VmoSy> ZH$m Ago lr_hmamO Zoh_r gmJV AgV. lr_hmamOm`m Q>rZo Vr {_adUyH$
hUOo `mMo \$ma {XdgmMo dZ hmoVo. H$moUVrhr XS>ocr ghZ H$a`mMm lr_hmamOmMm d^mdhr
104 && MV`gy` &&
ZhVm; naVw Varhr `m H$Qy> gJr lr_hmamOmZr YramoXmm dVUyH$ H$$Z OUy gaH$maMrM cmO
amIcr !
lr_hmamOm`m BN>o_mUo {edO`VrMr {_adUyH$$ gmdS>m`m ~mOmanoR>oVyZ dmOV-JmOV
{ZK`mg 10 _mM 1993 nmgyZ gwdmV Pmcr. nmocrg Cn{ZarjH$ lr.hmo `mZr I~ranUo {ZU`
KoD$Z, {damoYH$mZm Z Ow_mZVm, {_adUwH$sg nadmZJr {Xcr Am{U VohmnmgyZ hr ^` {_adUyH$
{edg>rV {Vdfu gmO`m hmoUm`m {edO`VrMo _wI d{eQ> R>acr Amho. {Vdfu {VMr ^`Vm
dqJV hmoV Amho. {_adUwH$sVrc cmoH$mMm gh^mJ dmT>V Amho. Cgmhmcm CYmU òV Amho. gm`H$mir
Mma dmO`mnmgyZ _àmrn`V Amg_V XUmUyZ gmoS>Umar OmofnyU {_adUyH$, nmhmUm`m ^m`dVm`m
S>mo`mMo nmaUo \o$S>Umam gmohim Pmcm Amho. 1952-53 nmgyZ lr_hmamOmZr Y_H$m`mMo, am>H$m`mMo,
g_mOH$m`mMo Oo ~rO cmdco, dmT>dco, Omonmgco `mMm AmVm _hmdj Pmcm Amho. `mMr _Ywa \$io
g_mO AmO MmIV Amho. `mMr gmdcr AmO S>oadU nMH$moercm erVcVm XoV Amho. hr {_adUyH$
`m H$m`mMoM EH$ VrH$ Amho.
lr_hmamOmMo S>oadU òWrc H$m` IaoVa dUZmVrV Amho. _m AZoH$ gJr {damoYH$mer gKf
H$a`mV An[a{_V D$O}Mm `` Pmcm. A`Wm `m H$m`mMm {dVma AmUIr _moR>m _mUmV Am{U
A{YH$ cdH$a Pmcm AgVm. {damoYH$mZr {damoYmgmR>r {damoY H$a`mMo YmoaU Adc{~co hmoVo.
g_mOH$maUmV H$mhr ~m~VrV _VôX hmoUo g^dZr` Amho. H$Xm{MV _V_VmVam_wio H$m` A{YH$
MmJcohr hmoD$ eH$Vo; naVw Hw$Qw>~ {Z`moOZ {e{~amgma`m {ZVmV Amd`H$ am>r` {hVm`m H$m`H$ _mcmhr
Ho$di Vmo lr_hmamOm`m Q>Q>Zo Am`mo{OV Ho$cm Amho hUyZ AneHw$Z H$a`mEdT>o jw amOH$maU
{damoYH$mZr Ho$co. 1985 gmcr aZm{JarMo {Ohm e` {M{H$gH$ S>m.H$mocdoH$a Am{U S>m.Amma
`mZr Q>Q>`m AmdmamV EH$ Hw$Qw>~ {Z`moOZ {e~ra â{d`mMm Vmd R>odcm. lr_hmamOmZr AmZXmZo
`mcm g_Vr {Xcr. EdT>oM Zho Va e{H$`m H$adyZ KoUm`m òH$mcm mogmhZ hUyZ 300
nò Q>Q>V\}$ Xo`mMo R>a{dco. `m doir gaH$ma mogmhZna a$_ hUyZ nwfmZm 115 nò Va
p`mZm 130 nò XoV Ago. `m{edm` AmfYmonMmamMm Am{U OodUmMm IM, Um~amo~a òUm`m
EH$m _mUgmMr amhm`mMr `dWm, e{H$òZVa Umcm _moQ>maZo Kar nmohmoMdUo dJao gd Jmo>r
Q>Q> dV:`m IMmZo H$aUma hmoVm. Q>Q>V\}$ H$mhr Zm_dV S>mQ>g _w~BhZ òD$Z `m {e{~amV
godmdmrZo gh^mJr hmoUma hmoVo. {X.25 Vo 27 OmZodmar 1986 `m VrZ {XdgmV {H$_mZ 200
e{H$`m Ano{jV hmo`m Am{U hr g`m {dH$_r R>acr AgVr. `m H$m`H$_mMo lo` Q>Q>cm {_iy
Zò hUyZ nS>m_mJo AZoH$ hmcMmcr Pm`m. lr.^mB gmdV ho `m doir {OmMo nmcH$_r Am{U
Amamo`_rhr hmoVo. JmoqdX {ZH$_mMo Am{U `mMo {ZH$Q>Mo g~Y hmoVo. âmâ MHo$ {\$acr Am{U
{X. 1 OmZodmar 1986`m dV_mZnmV cmoH$mZm S>m.H$mocdoH$amMr VS>H$m\$S>H$s ~Xcr Pm`mMo
dmM dmMm`cm {_imco. {e{~amMm IoiIS>mo~m Pmcm. MmJ`m H$m_mVhr {damoYH$mZr H$mocXmS>m
KmVcm. MmJ`m H$m_mV gh^mJr hmo`mMo nw` Amamo`_`mZr cmWmS>co Am{U nwT>o WmoS>mM {XdgmV
c|Q>rZ H${_eZ`m AhdmcmV Amamo`_`m`m H$ma^mamMo qYS>dS>o {ZKmco Am{U VmoM `m`m
amOH$maUmMm eodQ> R>acm.
`m CoJOZH$ amOH$maUm_wio S>oadU òWo ^` hmpnQ>c C^ma`mMm lr_hmamOmMm gH$nhr
cm~Urda nS>cm. Vmo {dMmaM lr_hmamOmZr H$mhr H$mi W{JV Ho$cm. A`Wm {edg>rgmaIoM Vohr
EH$ lr_hmamOmZr nm{hcoco {X` ^` dZ hmoVo Am{U {edg>r`m {Z{_VrZVa Vo cJoMM gmH$ma
H$a`mMm `mMm BamXm hmoVm. _m AIoarg 1996 gmcr ^$lo> H$_cmH$anV dmcmdcH$a
Umc`m`m $nmZo lr_hmamOmMm gH$n nyU Pmcm.
lr_hmamOm`m _hm{ZdmUmZVa XmoZ dfmZr VH$mcrZ ImgXma lr.JmoqdX {ZH$_, `mMo OmdB
S>m.VmZmOramd MmoaJo d gwnw lr.eoIa {ZH$_ d lr.{ZH$_ `mMo gmJma lr.X.Zm.e|~oH$a ho MmKo
{X. 18 AmJQ> 1991 amoOr lrgV grVmam_~wdmMo _{XamV XeZmgmR>r Amco. hr KQ>Zm _hdmMr
hmoVr. lr_hmamOm`m nmV `m`m H$m`mMr Ywam CMcUmao lrH$mH$m _hmamO; VgoM A_moc H$m|S>H$a,
gmX V|Sw>cH$a Am{U Q>Q>Mo _ZoOa lr.Am~m amOo{eH}$ AmXr _S>ir `m doir _{XamV CnpWV hmoVr.
V~c EH$m Vnm`m gKfm`m H$Qy> Vn{ecmV Om`mV H$moUmcmM dma` ZhVo. _m ""_cm
gd _m{hVr ~amo~a {_imcr Zmhr `m_wio Ho$di Jag_OmVyZ _r lr_hmamOmZm {damoY H$arV Amcmo,''
Ago dada Iao dmQ>Umao naVw _mZ^mdr {ZdoXZ lr.{ZH$_ `mZr Ho$co. lrH$mH$m _hmamOmZr, "gKfmV
Ho$di doi Am{U ngm `mMm An`` hmoV Amho hUyZ Vmo Wm~{d`mgmR>r Vw_`m{d`m gd
Ho$gog Amhr H$mTy>Z Q>mH$V AmhmoV. hr e$s gKfmV dm`m XdS>`mEodOr lr_hmamOm`m BN>o_mUo
g_mOm`m CH$fmgmR>r IM H$ $`m Am{U `m n[agamMo aJ$n ~Xcy `m,' Ago AmdmhZ Ho$co.
`mcm lr.{ZH$_ `mZrhr {VgmX {X`mgmaIo `m doir XmI{dco ; naVw AOyZhr AmnU Zm_m{Zamio
amhZ Amn`m ~Jc~mZm nwT>o H$$Z Q>Q>cm hmoBc VodT>m {damoY H$aUo MmcyM Amho. lr_hmamOm`m
da`mMZoV `mZr gX>Jw$Odi ""da H$dUmgr Z KS>mdo &'' Ago _mJUo _m{JVco Amho. lr_hmamOm`m
_ZmV EdT>m H$Qy> gKfmZVahr lr.{ZH$_m~c H$moUVmhr d`{$H$ AmH$g ZhVm. {ZH$_mZr gmdS>mV
Oo H$mhr ej{UH$ jomV H$m_ Ho$co, `m_wio JmoaJar~ _wcmZm {ejUmMr gYr {_imcr, `mMm
lr_hmamO AZoH$ gJr Iw`m {XcmZo Cma H$arV AgV. `m_wio "AmO Am_`m _ZmV AmnUm~c
H$moU`mhr H$maMr of^mdZm AJa {VaH$mamMr ^mdZm Zmhr,' ho lrH$mH$m _hmamOmZr n> Ho$co.
JhWY_m`m [aVr[admOm_mUo MhmnmUr dJao hmoD$Z hr ôQ> gncr.
D D D
106 && MV`gy` &&
H$aU : 13
O``m ndoo _hmogd & Ag^m` Mmcdr d^d &&

nw`mVrc lr~m~mMo _{Xa dfâ {Za{Zam`m Ym{_H$ H$m`H$_m_wio JO~OyZ Jococo AgVo.
AZoH$ dm{fH$ gU, Cgd, `k-`mJ, gV-gnwfmMo O`Vr Am{U nw`{VWr Cgd gmOao hmoVmV.
`m_wio WmZmV ^$_S>itMr gXd dXi AgVo. {H$mckmZr lr_hmamO Zoh_rM gmJm`Mo H$s ho
WmZ "JmUJmnya'_mUoM _moR>o hmoUma Amho. `mgmR>r `mZr W_nmgyZM {Z`moOZ Am{U {eV
nm`m^yV _mZyZ `m WmZmMr Ajae: EH$hmVr C^maUr Ho$cr. {dMmanydH$ {Za{Zam`m Wm, nanam
òWo O{d`m. ho WmZ `mZr ^$sMo "{dmnrR>' ~Z{dco Am{U hOmamo, cmImo ^$JUmZm òWo
^{$_mJmMo nmR> {eH${dco. _{XamV gmO`m hmoUm`m CgdmVyZ `mZr ^$mMo ~moYZ Ho$co. EH$
MmJcm _mUyg, g_mOmMm EH$ O~m~Xma KQ>H$, Y_m{^_mZr Am{U Xoem{^_mZr Agm _mUyg
KS>{d`mgmR>r `mZr `m CgdmMm Cn`moJ Ho$cm. `mgmR>r _{XamVrc gJ`m H$m`H$_mZm EH$
A{Ve` `mnH$ Am{U g_ Agm Ame` {Xcm. EH$ {dMma {Xcm. Amn`m g_ $T>r Am{U
nanam_mJrc _moR>m gm_m{OH$ Ame` cjmV KoD$Z _{XamV gmO`m hmoUm`m CgdmZm EH$ Zdo,
AZmoIo Am{U d{eQ>>nyU Ago n[a_mU {Xco. `m_wio `m gd Cgdmda lr_hmamOmMr Aer EH$
dMm[aH$ "_wm' C_Q>cocr n>nUo {XgVo.
naVw `mM~amo~a ho gd Cgd lr~m~m`m "Kar' gmOao hmoV AmhoV hr OmUrd lr_hmamOm`m
_ZmV A{Ve` ~i hmoVr. `m_wio CgdmgmR>r O_Umam ^$_oim ho EH$ _moR>o Hw$Qw>~ Amho, `m
^mdZoVyZ CgdmMo Am`moOZ hmoVo. ZmVog~YmVrc {Ohmim, AmnwcH$s, o_ `mMr OnUyH$ hmoBc
Aem VhoZo gd H$mhr Ho$co OmVo. lr~m~m`m g_m{Y_{XamVrc amoOMm {XZH$_ nm{hcm Var lr~m~mMo
ho "Ka' H$go MmcVo, `mMo "KanU' H$go Amho ho cjmV òVo.
lr~m~m`m _{XamV nhmQ>o R>rH$ nmM dmOVm, lr~m~mZm {ZoVyZ CR>{d`mgmR>r eIZmX Ho$cm
OmVmo Am{U _{XamVrc {Z`H$_mZm gwdmV hmoVo. lr~m~mMr eoO H$mTy>Z Pmcr H$s {Z_m` H$mTy>Z,
gnyU Jm^m`mMr Am{U _{XamMr gm\$g\$mB Ho$cr OmVo. Jm^mam nm`mZo dN> nwgyZ KoVcm OmVmo
Am{U nyOocm gwdmV hmoVo. fmoS>emonMmar nyOo~amo~a amoO mMr EH$mXUr, lrJUnVr AWderfmMr
21 AmdVZo, lrgy$mMr 16 AmdVZo, gmamMr 12 AmdVZo, nd_mZmMr EH$ Amdmr, geVrMm EH$
nmR> Am{U lrJUoeghZm_ XaamoO Ho$co OmVo.
_{XamV da Co{Ico`m {d{dY {Z` AmdVZm`{V[a$, Xa _{h`mcm JwM[amMr 4 nmamÙo,
ZdZmW ^$s H$Wmgma B. nmamÙo hmoV AgVmV. `m{edm` nM_wIr hZw_H$dMmMo amoO 11 doim
O``m nd] _hmogd.. / 107
nmamÙ Ho$co OmVo. lr~m~m`m _{XamV lrdaXeH$a, lrdaXc_r, lrg`Xm, lrg`{dZm`H$,

lrAZV hr dVo {Vdfu H$a`mV òVmV.
gH$mir 6 dmOVm lr~m~m`m _{XamV Am{U 6.15 dmOVm lr_hmamOm`m _{XamV mV:_aU
Am{U "lrdm_r g_W OÒ` dm_r g_W &' Ago Zm__aU Ho$co OmVo. gmS>o-ghm dmOVmM _{Xa
XeZmgmR>r Iwco Pmcoco AgVo. gH$mir AmR> dmOVm nyOm AmQ>monyZ AmaVrcm gwdmV hmoVo. gH$mir
AH$am dmOon`V _{Xa XeZmgmR>r CKS>o AgVo.
gH$mir 11.30 dmOVm nwhm EH$Xm _{Xa Am{U Jm^mam nwgyZ KoVcm OmVmo Am{U _{XamV Yyn
XmI{dcm OmVmo. Xwnmar gmS>o~mam dmOVm dXod hmoD$Z EH$ dmOVm ltZm _hmgmX AnU Ho$cm OmVmo.
Xwnmar gmS>oVrZ dmOVm nwhm ^$mgmR>r _{XamMo XadmOo CKS>VmV. gm`H$mir R>rH$ ghm dmOVm
lr~m~m`m _{XamV Am{U gdmghm dmOVm lr_hmamOm`m _{XamV gmÀmaVr gw$ hmoVo. amr
nMnXr hmoVo. gmS>oZD$ dmOVm Yyn XmI{d`mV òVmo; VgoM XwYmMm Zdo XmIdyZ {dS>m AnU Ho$cm
OmVmo Am{U ZVa lr~m~mMr eoO V`ma Ho$cr OmVo. hm gd {Z`mMm H$m`H$_ AJXr {Z`mo{OV doir,
nyU ^{$^mdmZo Ho$cm OmVmo. _{XamVrc godH$dJ Xwnmar EH$> dmOVm VgoM gm`H$mir gmS>ogmV
dmOVm ^moOZ KoVmo. Xwnma`m OodUm`m doir XaamoO ~mU ^moOZ AgVo Am{U CnpWV ~dX
{gwnU hUVmo. `m_wio AXmof {ZdmaU hmoD$Z I`m AWmZo A n{d hmoVo.
_{XamV XeZm`m doim R>a{dco`m AmhoV. ^$JUmZr `mMo nmcZ H$amdo Aer lr_hmamOmMr
Anojm Ago. _{XamV godogmR>r Agco`m godH$dJmcm ^`m nhmQ>o CRy>Z H$m_mcm gwdmV H$amdr
cmJVo Am{U amr 10-10&& n`V gVV H$m_ Mmcy AgVoM. Vohm `mZm {dlmVr {_i`mgmR>r
_`Var H$mhr doi _{Xa ~X R>odUo Amd`H$ AgVo. lr~m~mMr AmaVr gw$ AgVmZm _{XamMo
doema H$Q>mjmZo ~X R>od`mMm KmV Amho. `m doir ~mho$Z H$moUmcmhr _{XamV doe {Xcm OmV
Zmhr Am{U AmVrc ^$_S>itZr AmaVrgmR>r _{XamV Omd`mMo AgVo.
EH$Xm lr_hmamO H$moRy>ZVar ~mho$Z _{XamV naVco Vohm Zo_H$s AmaVr gw$ hmoVr. lr_hmamO
doemam~mhoa òD$Z Cô am{hco. lr.adt namS>H$a doemamda Cô hmoVo. lr_hmamOmZm nmhmVmM Vo
cJ~JrZo nwT>o hmoD$Z Hw$cyn CKSy> cmJco. `mda lr_hmamO `mZm hUmco, ""XadmOm CKSy> ZH$mog.
_rM Zho Va _mPm ~mn Amcm Var AmaVr`m doir XadmOm CKS>m`Mm Zmhr. {Z`_ H$emcm Ho$co
AmhoV ? _moS>`mgmR>r ?'' AmaVr gnon`V lr.namS>H$a {H$r hmVmV KoD$Z AmV Cô hmoVo Am{U
lr_hmamO doemam`m ~mhoa.
`m AmaVr`m gX^mV EH$Xm lr_hmamOmZr EH$ {dcjU ZmQ> KS>{dco hmoVo. lr.^mH$a aKwZmW
VWm ~mimgmho~ H$mOaoH$amZr Vmo gJ gmjmV AZw^dcm hmoVm. AmO EdT>m dfmZVahr, AJXr
H$mc KS>`mgmaIr Vr KQ>Zm `mZm AmR>dVo. EH$Xm g`mH$mir lr_hmamO {ZdmVnUo JnmJmo>r
108 && MV`gy` &&
H$arV {ZdmgWmZmVrc Amn`m Zoh_r`m OmJr ~gco hmoVo. g_moa lr.dmcmdcH$agmho~, lr.~mOramd
{Q>Ho$H$a Am{U lr.H$mOaoH$a Ago {VKo OU ~gcoco hmoVo. lr_hmamO, ""AmcmoM h !'' Ago hUyZ
_òM (cKweHo$gmR>r) CRy>Z AmV Joco. EdT>mV gm`H$miMr AmaVr gw$ Pmcr hUyZ ho {VKohr
AmaVrcm _{XamV Joco. Oo_Vo_ n{hcr JUnVrMr AmaVr gncr Agoc, EdT>mV d$Z lr_hmamOmMr
JOZm _{XamV n>nUo EoHy$ Amcr, ""H$moR>o Joco ho {VKo ? _m`m ~moc`mnojm `mZm AmaVr _hdmMr
dmQ>Vo H$r H$m` ?''
Vmo da Am{U `m_mJrc Amdoe EoHy$Z gmaoM Km~$Z Joco. ho {VKohr YmdV, YS>nS>V, AmaVr
gmoS>yZ lr_hmamOmnTw >o hOa Pmco. lr_hmamOmZr VmoM lr.dmcmdcH$agmho~mZm nwhm EH$Xm {dMmacm.
lr.dmcmdcH$agmho~mZr ""Amnco ~mocUo OmV _hdmMo Amho. Amhr MwH$cmo. Amhr òWoM Wm~m`cm
nm{hOo hmoVo,'' Ago H$~yc Ho$co. lr.{Q>Ho$H$amZrhr VoM gm{JVco. gwXdmZo ~mimgmho~mMm Z~a {Vgam
hmoVm. `mZrhr Amn`mnojm ò> Agco`m `m XmoKmMo Vm|S>mZo AZwH$aU Ho$co; naVw Amnco ho Cma
`mZm _Zmo_Z nQ>co ZhVo. `m {df`mMr MMm Mmcy hmoVr Vmo H$mhr {deof _hdmMm {df` ZhVm.
Vohm lr~m~m`m AmaVrcm Om`mV AmnU H$mhr _moR>o Ja dmJcmo Zmhr Ago `mZm dmQ>V hmoVo. Oa
_hmamOmZr gdmAmYr `mZmM {dMmaco AgVo Va `mZr H$Xm{MV Vgo gmJyZhr Q>mH$co AgVo; naVw
`mZr gH$moMmZo doJio _V `$ Ho$co ZhVo. `mMr hr _mZ{gH$ Mc{~Mc lr_hmamOmZr VVmoVV
AmoiIcr hmoVr Am{U lr_hmamO ~mimgmho~mda AmJ AmoHy$ cmJco. AYm-nmD$U Vmg ^{S>_ma
Mmcy hmoVm.
_òM lr_hmamO Zoh_r`mM emVnUmZo hUmco, ""_r OmD$Z òVmo h !'' Am{U AmV Joco.
VodT>mV dmcmdcH$agmho~mZr ~mimgmho~mZm gm{JVco, ""Vwhr `m eH$m-Hw$eH$m _ZmVyZ H$mTy>Z
Q>mH$m. lr_hmamO gmJV AmhoV VoM `mo` Amho, VoM g` Amho. _ZmMr {Ym _ZpWVr gmoS>m.
lr_hmamO `mo` VoM gmJV AmhoV qH$~hZm lr_hmamO gmJV AmhoV VoM `mo` Amho hr _ZmV Imr
~miJm. gX>Jw$ gmJVrc VoM g`, ~mH$s A` H$mhrhr Zmhr Agm R>m_ {dmg ~miJm.''
dmcmdcH$agmho~m`m ~moc`mZo, ~mimgmho~mZm Amn`m _ZmVrc gXoh OmUdcm, Amncr MyH$
C_Jcr, gdmJmVyZ EH$ {dcjU AZw^yVrMr cmQ> XmSy>Z Jocr. OUy Vmo `m`mgmR>r Am_gmjmH$mamMm
jU R>acm. lr_hmamO AmVyZ ~mhoa Amco. `m doir ~mimgmho~m`m _ZmVrc gXoh {ZKyZ Jocm hmoVm
Am{U Am` hUOo ~mimgmho~mZr Amncr MyH$ H$~yc H$a`mAmYrM `mMr j_m`mMZm _hmamOmH$S>o
Oy Pmcr hmoVr. H$maU lr_hmamO ~mhoa Amco Vo g _woZo ! _Km`m dmXir H$S>H$S>mQ>mMr H$moR>o
Zm_mo{ZemUr ZhVr.
lr.~mimgmho~ H$mOaoH$amZm lr_hmamOmZr Ajae: KS>dco Amho Ago Vo H$VkVmnydH$ dmadma
gmJVmV. AZoH$ chmZ _moR>m Cgdm`m doir d`nmH$mMr O~m~Xmar H$mOaoH$a Kam`mda AgVo
O``m nd] _hmogd.. / 109
Am{U lr.aKwZmWamd D$\$ ^mD$ H$mOaoH$a Am{U lr.~mimgmho~ Am{U `mMo ~Yy `mZr Vr ^{$^mdnydH$
gm^micocr Amho. nwT>onwT>o Va d`nmH$m`{V[a$hr A` H$mhr N>moQ>m_moR>m, H$_rOmV _hdm`m
H$m_mMr O~m~Xmar lr_hmamO `m`mH$S>o XoD$ cmJco. Vohm Aem `m ~mimgmho~m`m _ZmVrc
Jw^$s gXohmVrV hmo`mgmR>r `mZr hm H$R>moa gJ KS>dyZ AmUcm hmoVm.
Eadr _m _{XamVrc {eVr`m nmcZmgmR>r lr_hmamO A{Ve` AmJhr AgV. _{XamV dmJ`mMo
H$mhr {Z`_ `mZr {dMmanydH$ AmIyZ {Xco hmoVo. lm, ^$s, ^m~S>onUm AmXt`m ZmdmImcr
H$moR>ohr ^m|JinUmcm dmd {Xcocm ZhVm. AmnUmcm A{ôV Agcocr dmJ`mMr nVr gdmZm
_mhrV hmdr hUyZ `mZr amoIR>moH$ eXmV doJdoJ`m {Z`_mMo \$cH$ {R>H${R>H$mUr cmdyZ R>odco
hmoVo. Am_Mo {Z`_ _m` ZgVrc `mZr _{XamV ò`mMr VgXr KoD$ Zò Ago n>nUo ~Omdco hmoVo.
{Z`_ dmMyZhr Z dmM`mgmaIo dmJUmao H$moUr Ag`mg `mcm IUIUrV g_O lr_hmamO Va XoV
AgVM; naVw d`godH$mZr, godoH$`mZr Am{U Amco`m ^$mZrhr Aem JacmJy dmJUm`mg `mo`
Vr g_O XoUo A{ôV hmoVo. `m_wio lr~m~m`m _{XamV gXd gw`dWm Ago. Amn`m Amam`
XdVmMo _{Xa H$go Agmdo, H$go R>odmdo `mMm Vmo dVwnmR> Ago.
{Z`m`m H$m`H$ _m`{V[a$ _{XamV gXd doJdoJio Z{_{mH$ H$m`H$ _ Mmcy AgVmV. lr_hmamOmZr
gZ 1956 _ò _{XamMr O~m~Xmar CMc`mda cJoM nwT>rc dfu ZdMS>rnmR> Am{U hdZ,
JUnVr-AWderf ghmdVZ Am{U XememMo hdZ Ho$co. 1958 gmcr nd_mZ, {dUw`mJ, cKw
H$a`mV Amcm. lrJwM[a Am{U lrJwcrcm_V {_iyZ 72 nmamÙo d 72 Xmn`^moOZo Kmc`mV
Amcr. 1960 gmcr ZdJh On d hdZ, 1961 gmcr A>Jhr`m H$mcIS>mV gmagy$ hdZ
H$a`mV Amco. 1962 gmcr _hm_`wO`mMm Mma cmI On Am{U hdZ H$a`mV Amco. 1959 ZVa
lr_hmamOmZr Xhm doim nMm`VZ `mJ Ho$co. nmM doim A`wVMS>r, Mma doim ghMS>r, EH$Xm
hdZmg{hV _hm H$a`mV Amco. VrZ doim lrJUoe AWderfmMm cj On Am{U EH$ cj
nMIm _moXH$mMr AmhVr XoD$Z hdZ Pmco. 1972 nmgyZ {Vdfu EH$Xm lr_X^mJdVmMo nmamÙ
hmoVo. 1982 Am{U 1984 gmcr lr_X^mJdVm`m Xe_H$YmMo hdZ H$a`mV Amco. Xhm doim
g{hVm dmhmH$ma Pmcm. {X. 9 Vo 17 E{c 1992 `m H$mimV EH$eo E`mE|er ~mUm`m
gh^mJmZo A`wVMS>r`w$ nMm`VZ`mJ Pmcm. A`m_ am_mÙmMo nmamÙ, "lram_ Oàm_
OÒàm_' `m _mMo VgoM gwXa H$mS>mVrc cmoH$mMo hdZ H$a`mV Amco.
gZ 1981`m OmZodmar_ò F$H$g{hVm dmhmH$ma Pmcm. 8 OmZodmarcm ma^ hmoD$Z 14
OmZodmar 1981 amoOr nyUmhVr Pmcr. nyUmhVr`m {Xder gm`H$mir gH$V n{S>VmMm lr_hmamOmZr
emc, lr\$i Am{U X{jUm XoD$Z gH$ma Ho$cm. hm F$H$g{hVm dmhmH$ma "JwH$nm' `m B_maVr`m
^y{_nyOZm`m {Z{_mmZo H$a`mV Amcm Am{U Vmo `m B_maVr`m {Z`mo{OV OmJr H$$Z `m dmVy`m
110 && MV`gy` &&
ew{MVoMr Am{U nm{d`mMrM OUy nm`mâUr Ho$cr Jocr.

gZ 1965 Vo 1988 `m H$mcmdYrV lrJwM[a, lrZdZmW-M[a Am{U lrJwcrcm_V `m
JWmMr òH$s 108 doim nmamÙo H$a`mV Amcr Am{U `m {Z{_mmZo VodT>mM doim Xmn`^moOZ
Kmc`mV Amco. {Vdfu am_Zd_r, lrJwnm{U_m Am{U lrXmO`Vr `m Cgdm`m {Z{_mmZo XeJW
nmamÙo hmoD$ cmJcr Am{U Vr AmOXoIrc Mmcy AmhoV.
gZ 1975 nmgyZ F$H$g{hVm nmamÙ Xa_hm EH$ Ago hmoV Amho. 1982 Vo 1986 `m Xa`mZ
Xa Xhm {Xdgm`m H$mimV F$doX XeJWmMr XmoZ nmamÙo hmoV AgV. `m{edm` EH$ geVr
gnw{Q>V nmR>, EH$ Onmam cKw, VgoM EH$ gh _hm_`wO` On, ZdJhmMm òH$s gh On,
ho amoO hmoV Ago Am{U AmOhr hmoV Amho. gmV {XdgmV EH$ lrJwM[a nmamÙ Am{U EH$ ZdZmW
nmamÙ, Xhm {XdgmV EH$ lrJwcrcm_V, _{h`mV EH$ lr_X>^mJdV nmamÙ Am{U EH$ dmp_H$s
am_mÙ nmamÙ H$aUo lr_hmamOmZr gw$ Ho$co Am{U Vo AIS>nUo AmOhr Mmcy Amho.
nydu amoO gm`H$mir 4 Vo 5 `m doioV lr.AmR>òH$aemtMo dMZ lrgX>Jw$ ~m~m`m _{XamV
hmoV Ago.
lr_hmamOm`m _ZmV lr~m~m`m _{XamV cjMS>r gmohim H$a`mMo hmoVo. naVw `mZrM Vmo
gH$n H$mhr H$maUmZr W{JV R>odcm hmoVm. lr_hmamOm`m Xoh`mJmZVa VrZ dfmZr, {X. 8 OmZodmar
Vo 24 OmZodmar 1992 `m Xa`mZ lrH$mH$m _hmamOm`m _mJXeZmImcr hm cjMS>r gmohim
lr_hmamOmZrM KS>dyZ AmUcm. {X. 6 Am{U 7 OmZodmar 1992 amoOr lr~m~m`m ZyVZ g_m{Y_{XamMm
dmVwemVr g_ma^ Pmcm. lr~m~mMo ^`{X` _{Xa C^maUo ho lr_hmamOmMo dZ hmoVo. `m Xmohr
Jmo>tMr nyVVm `mZr Amn`m gV{e`m`m hmVyZ H$adyZ {e`mcm _moR>o H$a`mMo Jw$Mo ~rX nmico.
A`Wm lr_hmamO `m Xmohr Jmo>r `m AmYrM H$$ eH$co AgVo.
lr_hmamOmZr nw`mVrc lr~m~m`m _{XamV Aer AZoH$ AZw>mZo Ho$cr `mM_mUo S>oadU`m
lrgV grVmam_~wdm dmcmdcH$a g_m{Y_{XamVhr AZoH$ Ym{_H$ AZw>mZo Ho$cr. nmf ew && 3 eH$
1906; _Jidma, {X. 25 {S>g|~a 1984 Vo nmf ew && 10 eH$ 1906; _Jidma, {X. 1 OmZodmar
1985 `m H$mcmdYrV EH$ _moR>o AZw>mZ lr_hmamOmZr Ho$co. 1) A`wVMS>r - Xhm hOma geVrnmR>
Am{U XememMo hdZ, 2) A{V dmhmH$ma, 3) 108 ^mJdV nmamÙo Am{U Xe_H$YmMo hdZ,
4) dmp_H$s am_mÙ nmamÙ, nMH$_ d gwXaH$mS>mMo hdZ, 5) cKw{dUw`mJ nd_mZmMo 144 nmR>
d 12 nmR>mMo hdZ, 6) cKwgma `mJ - gmamMo 144 nmR> d 12 nmR>mMo hdZ, 7) JUoe`mJ - cj
_moXH$mMo hdZ, 8) lrgy$`mJ - Xhm hOma nmR> d EH$ hOma nmR>mMo hdZ, 9) lrXodrgy$ `mJ Xhm hOma nmR> d EH$ hOma nmR>mMo hdZ Ago `m AZw>mZmMo d$n hmoVo.
ho `mJmZw>mZ {demVrH$[aVm VgoM gZmVZ d{XH$ Am`Y_ ajUmW Am{U gdYZmW Am{U
O``m nd] _hmogd.. / 111
A{Ic _mZd OmVr`m H$`mUmW H$a`mV Amco hmoVo. `m MS> AZw>mZmgmR>r AmgoVw{h_mMc gd
^mJmVyZ, gd emImVrc doX{dmgn Ago AH$ameo ~mU Amco hmoVo. lreJoar emaXmnrR>m{Ya
lr_X eH$amMm` lr ^maVrVrW `mZrhr `m AZw>mZmg CnpWV amhm`mgmR>r lrjo S>oadU òWo EH$
{Xdg dmV` Ho$co hmoVo.
Aer ^` AZw>mZo H$aUo ho AmhmZm_H$ H$m_ hmoVo. AZw>mZmgmR>r cmJUmam {ZYr CncY
H$aUo, gw`mo` Am{U {dmZ ~mUmMm gJh H$aUo, d`godH$mMo Vm\o$ Cô H$aUo, gmYZgm_Jr Jmoim
H$aUo Am{U `m gdmMm ZrQ> _oi KmcyZ {Z`moOZnydH$ Am{U nyU emmo$ nVrZo AZw>mZ H$aUo ho
{edYZw` CMc`mgmaIoM H$R>rU H$m_ AgVo. lr_hmamOmZr _m ho {edYZw` dmadma CMcco,
Am{U Vohr A{Ve` crc`m ! lr_hmamOm`m _mJXeZmImcr hmoUm`m `m AZw>mZmgmR>r òUmao
XyaXyaMo {dmZ ~mU òWrc `dWoZo, {eVrZo Am{U {Z`moOZm_wio gVw>hr hm`Mo Am{U
Am`M{H$Vhr. Aer AZw>mZo ho lr_hmamOm`m H$m`nVrMo R>iH$ d{eQ> R>aco.
S>oadU òWrc WmZmVhr, XaamoO gH$mir lrA$cH$moQ> dm_r, lrgV grVmam_~wdm dmcmdcH$a,
lr_hm hZw_mZ, lrXmmo`, lrgX>Jw$$ dmgwXodmZV gadVr `mMr fmoS>emonMmao nyOm, A{^foH$,
Zdo, dXod, gmX, gH$mi -g`mH$mi AmaVr, amr nMnXr, _{XamV mMr EH$mXUr, nd_mZmMr
Amdmr, geVrnmR>, lrJwM[a Am{U lrJwcrcm_V `mMo dmMZ, ~mU^moOZ Ago {Z`mMo
H$m`H$_ AgVmV. gH$>rcm gm`H$mir AWderfmMr AmdVZo, A{^foH$ Am{U Zdo hmoVmo. Xa
EH$mXercm nMgy$ nd_mZ AmdVZo hmoVmV.
C A{^MrZo eJmacocr gwXa _{Xao, dN>Vm, Q>mnQ>rn, emVVm `mZr A{YH$M gwXa dmQ>VmV
Am{U `mV Mmcco`m _KmofmZr Am{U nyOm{dYtZr, `k`mJmZr, hmo_hdZmZr gmao dmVmdaU A`V
n{d, ew{M^yV dmQ>Vo. XeZmgmR>r Amcocm ^$ _ZmMr MMcVm, {ddMZm, Xw:I {dg$Z gX>Jw$`m
nm`r Oohm _VH$ R>odyZ {dZ_ hmoVmo, Vohm EH$m Anyd emVVoMr, g_mYmZmMr AZw^yVr `mcm hmoVo.
lr_hmamO `k`mJmXr AZw>mZm`m doir gH$n gmoS>VmZm, gd ^$OZm`m _ZmV Amncm Xoe,
Amncm Y_, Amn`m XodXodVm `m`m{df`r T> lm {Z_mU hmdr, Ago _mJUo _mJV AgV Am{U
Aer T> lm {Z_mU H$a`mgmR>r `mZr Aem AZoH$ AZw>mZmMo Am`moOZ Ho$co.
gZ 1980 `m XeH$mV Ym{_H$ H$m`m`m jomV e{W` Amco hmoVo. g_mOmV Y_m{df`r,
Ym{_H$ {dYt{df`r EH$ AmXm{g` Amco hmoVo Am{U `m`m n[aUm_d$n nmamo{h` hoM `mMo
M[aVmWmMo gmYZ Amho, Agm d{XH$ ~mUdJ Am{WH$XQ>m AS>MUrV Amcm hmoVm.
""XodmYrZ OJgd _mYrZM XdV_ & Vo _m ~mUmYrZ ~mUmo __ XdV_ &&'' Aer lm _Zmer
~miJUm`m lr_hmamOmZr `m_wio `m H$R>rU H$mimV d{XH$ ~mUdJmcm gmhm`H$mar hmo`mgmR>rgwm
Aer ^` AZw>mZo Am`mo{OV Ho$cr hmoVr.
112 && MV`gy` &&
lr_hmamOmZm doXm``Z H$aUm`m{df`r AVrd AmXa hmoVm. lr_hmamOmMr doXmda AZ` lm

hmoVr Am{U hOmamo dfmnyduMo doX _m{IH$ d$nmV OVZ H$aUm`m `m nanao{df`r lr_hmamOmZm
A`V A{^_mZ hmoVm. doX _wImoX>JV AgUm`m {dmZ ~mUmZm Vo gm>mJ Z_H$ma KmcrV AgV.
lr_hmamOmZr d{XH$mZm, emr, n{S>VmZm A`V _mZmZo dmJ{dco. n{S>V dgVamd JmS>Jri `mZm
lr_hmamOmZr gm{JVco hmoVo H$s, nw`mV H$moUr naW d{XH$ KZnmR>r, emr-n{S>V, _hm_m Amcm
Va `mZm Ad` lr~m~m`m `m Kar KoD$Z `m. `m_mUo `mZr AJa A` H$moUr Aem {dmZmZm Oa
_hmamOm`m ôQ>rg AmUco Va lr_hmamOmZm \$ma AmZX hmoB. Amco`m {dmZmMm AmXanydH$
gH$ma H$$Z `mZm âKmog X{jUm, do-mdaUo XoD$Z `mMr ~moidU Ho$cr OmB. H$U-Òwd}Xr
KZnmR>r doXmMm` lr.~mnQ> ho nw`mcm Amco AgVm lr_hmamOmZr `mZm AgoM Jma{dco hmoVo.
dmamUgrhZ Amco`m XmoZ `VtZm `m`m Aml_m`m XoI^mcrgmR>r lr_hmamOmZr ânya _XV
XoD$Z `mZm do, H$_S>cy XoD$Z nmR>dUr Ho$cr hmoVr. ho gmao lr_hmamO doXmdarc {Z>onmoQ>r H$arV
AgV.
lr_hmamOmMr d{XH$m~cMm namH$moQ>rMm AmXa XmI{dUmar EH$ KQ>Zm gZ 1984 `m S>oadU
òWo Pmco`m `k gmoh`mMo doir {XgyZ Amcr. Vmo H$m`H$_ Iyn _moR>m hmoVm, `m_wio Vmo doioda gw$
hmo`m`m >rZo gd F$pdOmZr AZw>mZ _S>nmV amoO gH$mir R>rH$ ghm dmOVm hOa amhmdo Aer
gyMZm do._y. go JwOtZr `kmg ma^ hmo`mnydu Ho$cr.
nw`mMo {dmZ dMZH$ma, `mH$aU n{S>V, doX_yVu e|S>oemr ho `m `kmg CnpWV hmoVo. `mMm
A`mg, `mgJr dmr, {dmm Am{U H$_{Z>m `m_wio Vo lr_hmamOm`m {deof AmXamg nm hmoVo. Vo
lr_hmamOmZm hUmco H$s, "_mPo amoOMo Am{H$ XmoZ AS>rM VmgmMo AgVo. gH$mir ghm dmOVm
_S>nmV `m`Mo hUOo _cm nhmQ>o {H$_mZ gmS>oVrZ dmOVm CR>mdo cmJoc. `m doir _cm CR>{d`mMr
H$mhr `dWm hmoBc H$m ?' lr_hmamO hUmco, ""emr~wdm, Vr O~m~Xmar _mPr. _r CmnmgyZ
amoO nhmQ>o ~amo~a gmS>oVrZ dmOVm AmnUmcm CR>drV OmBZ !'' `m_mUo nwT>rc AmR>-Xhm {Xdg
amoO nhmQ>o lr_hmamO ~amo~a gmS>oVrZ dmOVm ""emr~wdm CR>m ! gmS>oVrZ dmOco !'' Ago hUyZ
emr~wdmZm OmJo H$arV. gw_mao hOmaâ ~dXm`m CnpWVrV hmoUmam Vmo `k gmohim Ho$dT>m _moR>m
Agoc, `m`m `dWo`m H$m_mV lr_hmamO {Xdgâ H$go l_V AgVrc Am{U amr H$YrVar
EH$-XrS> dmOVm AWUmcm nmR> Q>oH$V AgVrc. `m gdmMm {dMma Ho$cm hUOo lr_hmamOmMr Aem
H$m`m{df`rMr Vi_i OmUdVoM; nU `mM~amo~a emr~wdmZm CR>{d`mMr O~m~Xmar Xwg`m
H$moUmda Z gmondVm dV: Vr nma nmS>`m_ò OmUdVmo Vmo Ho$di {dmZ d{XH$m~c `$ hmoUmam
{ZIi AmXa^md !
do._y. qH$OdS>oH$aemr `mZr gw_mao 12-13 df} nw`m_ò F$doX nmR>emim Mmb{dbr
O``m nd] _hmogd.. / 113
hmoVr. `mgmR>r gaH$mar AZwXmZhr {_iV hmoVo, naVw gaH$maZo AMmZH$ ho AZwXmZ XoUo ~X Ho$bo. ho
lr_hmamOmZm g_OVmM `mZr do._y. qH$OdS>oH$aemtZm gm{JVbo H$s, hr nmR>emim ~X H$am`Mr
Zmhr. {VMr gd O~m~Xmar _r KoVmo. `m_mUo lr_hmamOmZr nw`mcm lr~m~m`m g_m{Y_{XamV
do._y.qH$OdS>oH$a JwOt`m _mJXeZmImcr lrJwnm{U_m eH$$1904 (gZ 1982) `m {Xder doX{dm
gmam`m hoVyZo doXnmR>emioMr _whV_oT> amodcr. doXm``Zm`m OmoS>rZo, do._y.c_Uemr go
JwOr `m`m _mJXeZmImcr `m{kH$sMo {ejU Xo`mMr gmo` VoWo Ho$cr. lr{d>camd Omoer M[aQ>rO
Q>Q>`m {d_mZo A`mnH$mMo _mZYZ, {dm`mMo nmR>doVZ, `m`m ^moOZ-{Zdmg, H$nS>mcmm,
AmfYmonMma B.`m IMmMr `dWm H$a`mV òVo. AmO `m emioV EH$m doir 25 Vo 30 {dmWu
{ejU KoV AgVmV.
`mM doXnmR>emioV do._y._Xma \$S>Ho$ Am{U do._y.{_qbX ~moaH$a `mMo d{XH$ Am{U `m{kH$sMo
A``Z Pmbo. `m XmoKm`m A``ZmH$S>o lr_hmamOmMo ~maH$mBZo bj hmoVo. `m Xmohr {dm`mda
`mMo A{Ve` o_ hmoVo.
EH$Xm lr_hmamOmH$S>o _lwH$_mgmR>r Zm{nV Ambobm hmoVm. `mM doir ho XmoKo ~mb{dmWu
~mOyZo Mmbbo hmoVo. lr_hmamOmZr `mZm ~mobmdyZ KoVbo Am{U {dMmabo H$s `mZm Ho$g H$mn`mgmR>r
dfmbm {H$Vr ngo bmJVmV ? `m doir `mZr ^rV ^rV "Mmaeo nò bmJVmV' Ago gm{JVbo.
lr_hmamOmZr `m doir `m IMmgmR>r dfâmMo hUyZ òH$s Voameo nò `mMo hmVr R>odbo.
`m XmoKmZr `WmdH$me Cm_ VhoZo Amnbo A``Z nyU Ho$boo Am[U ZVa _{XamVrb gd
Ym{_H$ {dYt`m `dWo_ò do._y. go JwOt`m _mJXeZmImbr `mZr dV:bm PmoHy$Z {Xbo.
do._y. go JwOt`m nmV _{XamVrb gd gU-g_ma^, `k-`mJ `m`m `dWoMr O~m~Xmar Vo
g_WnUo gm^mirV AmhoV.
gH$V ^mfm Am{U dmL>_`m`m A`mgmgmR>r Am{U gmamgmR>r gH$V {dmnrR> gw$ H$a`mMm
lr_hmamOmMm gH$n hmoVm. `m_ò gH$V`m Cdc ^{d`H$mimMr J{^V ^{d`dmUr Amho.
H$m{VH$ 15, eH$ 1906 ({X. 8.11.1984) amoOr lr~m~m`m O`Vr CgdmV lr_hmamOmZr
~dXm`m gH$mamMm _moR>m H$m`H$_ Ho$cm hmoVm. _hmd (emc), lr\$i Am{U nò 501
X{jUm XoD$Z `m`m H$m`mMm Jmad H$a`mV Amcm. {Vdfu Jwnm{U_o`m {Xder lr_hmamO do._y.
{H$OdS>oH$a JwOr d do._y. \$UgiH$a JwOr `mMr ò> d{XH$ AmMm` hUyZ nyOm H$arV AgV.
H$moW$S>`m do._y. Kgmg JwOt`m "doX^dZ' `m nmR>emiocm VgoM aZm{Jar, gmdVdmS>r
Aem {R>H$mUr Mmcy Agco`m doXnmR>emimZm lr_hmamOmZr AZoH$ gJr ânya _XV Ho$cocr Amho.
A` H$moR>ohr doXm``ZmMo MmJco H$m_ Mmcy Agoc Va lr_hmamO VnaVoZo `mZm _XVrMm hmV nwT>o
H$arV AgV.
114 && MV`gy` &&
AZw>mZm_mUoM lr~m~m`m _{XamV dfmVrc gdM gU Am{U Cgd _moR>m CgmhmZo Am{U
emewnUo gmOao H$a`mg lr_hmamOmZr gwdmV Ho$cr Am{U gm_w{hH$ ^$sMm AmXe g_mOmnwT>o
R>odcm. dfâmV òUmao JwT>r nmS>`mnmgyZ Vo hmoirn`VMo gJio gU `m`m gUm`m gd d{eQ>>mgh
gmOao H$a`mMr nanam lr_hmamOmZr _{XamV gw$ Ho$cr Am{U `m {Z{_mmZo g_mOm`m {d{dY
VamVrc cmoH$mZm EH$ H$$Z `mZm gK{Q>VnUo ^{$_mJmMr dmQ>Mmc H$er H$amdr `mMo _mJXeZ
Ho$co. EdT>oM Zho Va `m dmQ>MmcrMo dV: AJ^mJr amhZ ZoVd Ho$co.
dfm`m gwdmVrcmM gd gU, Cgd, g_ma^mMo VmarIdma {Z`moOZ Am{U R>iH$ $naofm
Zm|X{dcoco OUy lr~m~m`m _{XamMo dV Ago nMmJM H$a`mMr lr_hmamOmMr nV hmoVr. `m
nMmJmV {VWr, dma, VmarI Am{U `m {Xder H$amd`m`m Jmo>tMo g{j Q>rnU Ago. CXm. "M
ew && 1, ....dma, {XZmH$..., dOmamohU, JwT>r C^maUo, nMmJ nyOZ, df\$c dmMZ, Zmai ~XcUo,
1 ~mU ^moOZmg gmJUo.'
_{XamV gd gU, Cgd, Xodm{XH$mMo O_{XZ, gV gnwfmMo O`Vr-nw`{VWr {XZ, MJma,
haVm{cH$m, dQ>nm{U_m Aer dVo, ajm~YZ, JUoe MVwWu, JmoHw$im>_r, Zdam, Xgam, H$moOmJar,
{Xdmir Ago gmao gU gmOao hmoVmVM; naVw AmfmT> d && 1 amoOr cmoH$_m` {Q>iH$ O`Vr`m {Xder
nd_mZ nR>U H$a`mV òVo; hr A{Ve` d{eQ>nyU Jmo> Amho. lr_hmamOm`m _ZmV cmoH$_m`
{Q>iH$m{df`r Ho$dT>r JmT> lm hmoVr ho XmI{dUmar hr lr_hmamOmZr gw$ Ho$cocr nanam AmOhr
`mM ^{$^mdZoZo Mmc{d`mV òVo.
gX>Jw$$ lr~m~mMr nw`{VWr VgoM _mVmolr gm.XwJmVmBMr nw`{VWr, lrgX>Jw$$ ~rS>H$a _hmamO
VgoM H$.gm.AmBgmho~ (lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm`m nZr) `mMr nw`{VWr lr_hmamO A{Ve` lm`w$
AV:H$aUmZo Am{U Jm^r`nydH$ gmOar H$arV; naVw _{XamVrc gdmV _moR>m gmohim lr~m~m`m
O_{XZmMm ! A`V WmQ>m_mQ>mV, CgmhmZo gmOam hmoUmam hm lr~m~mMm O_gmohim AZoH$ >rZo
d{eQ>>nyU Am{U AmJimdoJim AgVmo. _{XamV hmoUmao gdM Cgd Am{U g_ma^ ho AmJio doJio
R>aVmV. `mMo H$maU hUOo lr_hmamOmZr Cgdm_mJ`m nm^y_rMm, Wm nanamMm, em Am{U
gHo$VmMm {dMma H$$Z `m Cgdmcm EH$ ^y{_H$m qH$dm ~R>H$ m H$$Z {Xcr Amho. _{XamVrc
Cgd hUOo Ho$di Omof ZgVmo, Va `m Cgdm_mJrc ^y{_Ho$Mo Vo gwXa H$Q>rH$aU AgVo.
AmOhr lr_hmamOmZr gw$ H$obobo gd Cgd-gU-g_ma^, `m_mJrb ^y{_H$m bjmV KoD$Z
`mZr KmbyZ {Xbo`m Wm-nanamMo H$gmoerZo nmbZ H$$Z _{XamV CgmhmZo gmOao Ho$bo OmVmV.
JwT>r nmS>dm - g_m{Y_{XamV doemamVyZ AmV Am`mda CO`m ~mOycm Agco`m N>moQ>oImZr
~mJoV gZmVZ d{XH$ Am`Y_mMr {dO` nVmH$m AgUmam Am|H$ma {Mhm{H$V ^Jdm S>mcmZo \$S>H$V
AgVmo. JwT>r nmS>`m`m {Xder hm dO mV:H$mir gw_whVmda C^macm OmVmo. lr_hmamO
O``m nd] _hmogd.. / 115
dOV^mnmer gdW_ dOmMo emmo$ nVrZo nyOZ H$am`Mo Am{U ZVa lrgX>Jw$$ ~m~m _hmamO
Am{U Jwnanao`m O`KmofmV dO C^macm OmV Ago. CnpWV r-nwf dO mWZm hUV
AgV. ma^r H$mhr df "Z_Vo gXm dgco _mV^y_o' hr gH$V mWZm hU`mV òV Ago; naVw
ZVa lr_hmamOmZr EH$ A{Ve` AmoOdr Ago "dO dXZ_' ho H$m` {c{hco Am{U AmVm dOmamohU
gJr Vo Oohm IS>m AmdmOmV Jm`co OmVo, `m doir `mVrc gm`mgmo`m naVw mgm{XH$ eXmMm
AW _ZmV CVaV OmVmo Am{U AJmda amo_mMm`m char XmSy>Z OmVmV. ""dam> Y_ ajUm` Xo{h
em`_wm__ & ~c è: gwI: X dXoe ^{$g`wV_ & dXr`_mZ ajUmW_{nVm{__m VZw_ & gXd
dXZ H$amo{_ {Z`{_pN>Vw O`_ &&'' `m n$s hUVmZm, lr_hmamOmMr CH$Q> dam>- dY_ rVr
AmR>dyZ AmOhr lr_hmamOm`m {e`m`m S>mo`m`m H$S>m AmocmdVmV. lr_hmamOmZr Ho$di H$moaS>o
eX Zho Va IamoIaM Amncr VZw dam>-dY_m`m g_mZ-ajUmW AnU Ho$cr hmoVr.
lr_hmamOm`m `mJmMm gwJY `m H$m`m`m eXgwamZm, Ame`mcm Ag`m_wioM dOmamohUm`m
doir dmVmdaU ^m$Z Q>mH$`mMo gm_` `m dOJrVmV Amho.
dOmMo dUZ H$aVmZm lr_hmamOmZr Vmo "gwdU ge ^m`wV' Am{U "gXd {Z_c_' Amho Ago
hQ>co Amho. _{XamVrc hm Y_dO M ew && 1 (JwT>r nmS>dm), AmfmT> nm{U_m (Jwnm{U_m),
Am{Z ew && 10 ({dO`mXe_r) Am{U H$m{VH$ ew && 14 (lr~m~m`m O`Vr CgdmMm W_ {XZ),
`m Mma {Xder ~Xccm OmV Ago. _m AmVm {dO`mXe_r EodOr lr_hmamOm`m O`Vr{XZr hUOo
Am{Z ew && A>_rcm Vmo ~Xccm OmVmo.
dOmamohUmZVa JwT>r nmS>`m`m {Xder gH$mir JwT>r C^r H$aUo, nMmJ nyOZ, df\$c dmMZ,
H$Sw>qZ~mMr nmZo dJa|Mr MQ>Ur Ago gd nman[aH$ {dYr Ho$co OmVmV. _moR>m CgmhmZo ^$_S>ir
lr~m~mZm Am{U lr_hmamOmZm Zddf{XZr dXZ H$$Z AmerdmX Ko`mgmR>r _{XamV òVmV.
am>dO nyOZ - 15 AmJQ> hm ^maVmMm dmV`{XZ Am{U 26 OmZodmar hm OmgmmH$ {XZ
_{Xam_ò dOdXZ H$$Z Am{U am>JrVmMo Jm`Z H$$Z gmOam Ho$cm OmVmo. lr_hmamO dmV`
MidirV g{H$` hmoVo. `m XoXr`_mZ H$mcIS>mcm Am{U gd kmV-AkmV dmV`dramZm _mZdXZm
Xo`mgmR>r ho {Xdg _{XamV gmOao H$a`mMr nanam lr_hmamOmZr gw$ Ho$cr.
hiXrHw$Hy$ - M ew VVròcm lr~m~m`m _{XamV MJmarMr WmnZm Ho$cr OmVo. hZw_mZ
O`VrMm Cgd Pmcm H$s ZVa òUm`m _Jidmar qH$dm ewH$dmar gm`H$mir ^{JZtgmR>r hiXrHw$Hy$
H$a`mV òVo.
Ho$iH$a {MemioVyZ lr_hmamOmZr XmoZ gwXa {Mo H$adyZ KoVcocr AmhoV. EH$ _{hfmgya_{XZrMo
Va Xwg`m {MmV MJmarg_moa hiXrHw$Hy$ g_ma^mgmR>r O_co`m p`m-_wcr AmaVr H$arV AmhoV
Agm XoImdm Amho. 8 \y$Q> x 10 \y$Q> AmH$mamMr hr ^` {Mo hiXrHw$Hy$ g_ma^m`m OmJr cmdcr
116 && MV`gy` &&
OmVmV. _I_cr Jm{cMo, emo{^dV PmS>m`m Hw$S>m, hma-\w$co, aJr~oaJr {dOo`m _mim Am{U
gwdm{gZtZr H$mT>co`m gwXa amJmo`m Agm _moR>m ZoXrnH$ WmQ> AgVmo. Amamg Ho$co`m OmJr
_{XamVyZ MJma AmUyZ R>odVmV. "Jma' hr _mhoadmerU Amho `m ^mdZoZo {VMo dmJV H$a`mV òVo.
Jma Pmonm`mda WmnZ Ho$cocr AgVo. Chm`mMo {Xdg Ag`m_wio {Vcm g, gwIH$maH$
dmQ>mdo hUyZ H$arMo nho, H$arMr S>mi, _moJ`mMm JOam, Ama, Jwcm~nmUr Agm gaOm_ AgVmo.
H$mH$S>r, ~mmgm, gwdm{gH$ \w$co {Vcm dmhVmV. {Ôco`m Ho$ear ha^`mZr {VMr AmoQ>r âcr
OmVo. AmoQ>r âUm`m, amJmo`m H$mT>Um`m, gOmdQ> H$aUm`m, g_ma^mMr V`mar H$aUm`m gm`mM
{`m _moR>m hmgoZo ZD$dmar gmS>r ZogyZ òVmV. lr_hmamOmMm Vgm AmJh Ago Am{U AmVm Vmo
[admO hmgoZo nmicm OmVmo. ho gd nXmW Xodrcm AnU H$a`mnydu EH$ doJim Zdo lr~m~mZm
XmI{dcm OmVmo.
lr_hmamO dV: OmVrZo cj KmcyZ gOmdQ> Am{U nydV`mar H$adyZ KoV AgV. H$mhr nwf
d`godH$hr _XVrgmR>r CnpWV AgVmV. naVw, _w`V: d`godH$ ^{JZrM H$m_mMm gd ^ma
hgV-IoiV CMcVmV. `mgmR>r Xwnma`m ^moOZmnmgyZM _{XamV òVmV Am{U H$m_mcm cmJVmV.
gm`H$mir nmM dmO`mnmgyZ gwdm{gZr _wcm~mimgh ZD$dmar gmS>m, AcH$ma, ZmH$mV ZW
KmcyZ A`V CgmhmZo _{XamV òVmV. `m gm`mOUr _mhoar Amco`m lr_hmamOm`mM coH$s~mir !
`mMohr dmJV JmargmaIo AmZXmZo Am{U AmnwcH$sZo hmoVo. `mZm hiXr-Hw$Hy$, Ama-Jwcm~, gwJYr
\y$c, _moJ`mMm JOam, _moR>r H$mH$S>r, VihmVmEdT>m _moR>m ~mmgm, moUmVyZ H$arMr S>mi Am{U ZVa
Img _{XamV ~Zdcoco AmBgH$s_ Xo`mV òVo.
hiXr-Hw$Hy$ H$amdo hr òH$ gwdm{gZrMr BN>m AgVo; naVw gdmZmM Vo n[apWVr_wio e` hmoVo
Ago Zmhr. H$moUmOdi _Zw`~i Zgoc, H$moUmH$S>o nwaoer OmJm Zgoc, H$moUmMr Am{WH$ n[apWVr
_moR>m IM H$a`mEdT>r Zgoc, H$moUmMr EdT>r XJXJ H$a`mEdT>r emar[aH$ j_Vm Zgoc, naVw hmg
_m gdmZmM AgVo. lr~m~mMo _{Xa ho AmncoM Ka Amho Aer ^mdZm _Zmer ~miJyZ `m g_ma^mV
gm_rc Pm`mZo `m p`mZm AdUZr` AmZX {_iVmo. `mMr hmg-_mOhr nwa{dcr OmVo. _{Xamer
Agcoco ZmVo A{YH$ K> hmoVo. H$cmJwUmZm dmd {_iVmo. EH$_oH$mer n[aM` dmT>Vmo. EH$m n[admamMr
^mdZm {Z_mU hmoVo. `m gm`mMm {dMma H$$Z lr_hmamO hm g_ma^ A{Ve` Cm_ VhoZo hmoBc
`mgmR>r ~maH$mBZo gm`m Jmo>r H$$Z KoV AgV.
hiXr-Hw$Hy$ g_ma^mgmR>r òUm`m {`mZm _{Xamn`V gmoS>m`cm òUm`m Am{U XeZmgmR>r
_{XamV Amco`m nwfmZmhr H$arMr S>mi Am{U AmBgH$s_ {Xco OmVo. nwfmgmR>r doJir ~R>H$
`dWm Ho$cocr AgVo Am{U VoWo `mZm ânya S>mi-AmBgH$s_ Xo`mV òVo. lr_hmamO òH$mcm
AmJhmZo ânya AmBgH$s_ Im`cm m`Mo. òH$mcm {dMmam`Mo, ""H$m` ao {H$Vr H$n AmBgH$s_
O``m nd] _hmogd.. / 117
Imog ?'' `mZo ""Mma H$n Imo'' Ago gm{JVco Var lr_hmamO o_mZo `mcm gmJm`Mo, ""_J
AmVm Ag H$a, nwhm Om Am{U AmUIr Mma H$n AmBgH$s_ ImD$Z ò Am{U _cm Vg gmJyZ _J
H$moR>o Vmo Om ! `m{edm` BWyZ Kar OmVm òUma Zmhr.'' lr_hmamOm`m Aem {Ohm`mMm,
AV:H$aUnydH$ no_mMm AZw^d KoVcoco eoH$S>mo ^$ AmOhr `m AmR>dUr gmJVmV.
lr_X^mJdV gmh - Aj` VVr`m Vo lrZqgh O`Vr `m H$mcmdYrV {Vdfu lr_X^mJdV
gmh hmoV Ago. lr_hmamO hUV AgV H$s, _hm^maVmVrc amOm`m Z{e~r Xw:I Am{U AVVmM
dmQ>mcm Amcr. naVw lr_X^mJdVm_ò Ho$co`m ^JdVm`m JwUdUZmZo AV:H$aUmVrc C_u emV
hmoD$Z òH$ amOm _mojnXmMm A{YH$mar Pmcm.
lr.nmR>H$emr gH$mi`m gmV, AmR> Vo Xwnmar ~mam-gmS>o~mam dmOon`V, lr_X^mJdVmMr
g{hVm (nmoWr) dmMrV AgV Am{U gm`H$mir VrZ Vo ghm-gmS>oghm dmOon`V JWmMm AW gmJyZ
{ddoMZ H$arV.
`m gmhmgmR>r lr_hmamOmZr XmoZ ^` Vc{Mo H$adyZ KoVcr hmoVr. lrewH$mMm` nar{jV
amOmcm lr_X>^mJdV H$WZ H$arV AmhoV Ago ` EH$m {MmV aJ{dcoco Amho. F$ft`m emnm_wio
òD$ KmVco`m _`ycm gm_moao Om`mMo Y` nar{jVmcm lr_X>^mJdV ldUmZo cm^co. gVV ^_U
H$arV AgUmao ewH$mMm` `m EH$_od gJr EH$mM OmJr gmV {Xdg Wm~co. lr_X>^mJdVmMo WmoanU
AYmoao{IV H$aUmam hm gJ dMZm`m doir nm^mJr cmd`m_mJo lr_hmamOmMr {dcjU H$nH$Vm,
a{gH$Vm Am{U C A{^Mr R>iH$nUo OmUdVo.
Xwgao {M, lrH$UmZo H$amJwcrda JmodYZ VmocyZ Yacm Amho Am{U gdJS>r ~mc JmonmimZr
Amnmn`m H$mR>mMmhr AmYma {Xcm Amho Ago _moR>o ~mocHo$ {M Amho. BmMo nyOZ Z Ho$`m_wio
gVmnyZ `mZo dUmH$adr A{Vd>r H$$Z JmoHw$imV c` {Z_mU Ho$cm. `m doir ^JdmZ H$UmZr
Amn`m Xdr e$sZo H$amJwcrda JmodYZ ndV CMcyZ `m`m N>mImcr JmoHw$idm{g`mZm gwa{jV
R>odco. _m lo` dV:H$S>o Z KoVm, JmonmimZm Amn`m H$mR>mZr JmodYZ ndVmcm AmYma m`cm
gm{JVcm Am{U `m`mV EH$OyQ> Am{U Am_{dmg {Z_mU Ho$cm.
emr~wdm`m AmgZm`m Xmohr ~mOyg emoô`m PmS>m`m Hw$S>m, aJrV _mim dJao cmdyZ
`mgnrR> Cm_ar`m eJmaco Om`Mo. EH$m ~mOyg IwMuda gwaoI Jm{cMm KmcyZ `mda ^JdmZ
lrH$UmMr _mohH$ Vg~ra WmnZ H$$Z `mMr XaamoO nyOm Ho$cr Om`Mr. `mgnrR>mOdi
emr~wdmgmR>r nmUr, XyY, dV nIm Aer gd O`V `dWm Ho$cocr Agm`Mr. {Xdg Chm`mMo
Ag`mZo lmo`mgmR>rgwm n`mMr gmo` Ho$cocr Agm`Mr. gm`H$mir {ddoMZm`m doir EH$ N>moQ>o
_`Va Agm`Mo. `m doir lmo`mgmR>r MhmnmZ hm`Mo. gH$mir g{hVm dmMZm`m doir \$mago
H$moUr ldUmcm ~gV Zgo; _m gm`H$mi`m agmi {ddoMZm`m doir Iyn JXu Ago. lr_hmamOhr
118 && MV`gy` &&
H$mhr doim lmo`m`m ~mOyg nmQ>mda ~gyZ lr_X>^mJdV ldU H$arV.

lr_X>^mJdVmVrc gdmV agmi ^mJ hUOo lrH$U O_mMm gJ ! `m gmoh`mgmR>r _wm_
H$adyZ KoVcocm nmiUm nmZm-\w$cmZr gOdyZ V`ma Ho$cocm Ago. `m gJr lrH$UmMo VrH$ hUyZ
nmi`mV lr\$i R>odyZ nmiUm hUV AgV. lr_hmamO CnpWV gd lmo`mZm òH$s EH$ n`m
nmi`mV AnU H$a`mgmR>r XoV AgV. nmi`mVrc lr\$i EImm AnòNw>H$ r`m nXamV
gmX hUyZ KmcrV AgV.
H$gdYm`m doir H$gmMo VrH$ hUyZ Zmai \$moS>cm OmV Ago. gwXm_m ôQ>r`m doir H$WoMm
n[anmof hmo`mgmR>r lmo`mZm gmX hUyZ nmoho dmQ>co OmV. gmhmMr gmJVm Pm`mda, lrZqgh
O`Vr`m {Xder gH$mir emr~wdm _mH$S>o` nwamU Am{U JmoH$U _mhm` `mda {ddoMZ H$arV.
`mZVa CnpWV lmo`mH$Sy>Z {dUwghZm_ Am{U gm_wXm{`H$ JrVmdmMZ hmoV Ago. `mgmR>r AmX`m
{Xder lmo`mZm JrVoMo nwVH$ AmU`mMr gyMZm Ho$cr OmV Ago. gm_wXm{`H$ dmMZmZVa JWnyOZ
Am{U emr~wdmMo nyOZ H$$Z lmoVo emr~wdmZm d, lr\$i XoD$Z H$VkVm `V H$arV.
lr~m~mMr nw`{VWr - lmdU d MVwWu hr lrgX>Jw$$ ~m~mMr nw`{VWr. 1956 gmcr
lr~m~mMr Xwgar nw`{VWr _wgiYma nmdgmV lr_hmamOmZr lr~m~m`m _{XamVM gmOar Ho$cr.
qnS>XmZ, ~mU ^moOZ B`mXr {dYr _{XamVM H$a`mV Amco. `mZVa 1959 gmcr {ZdmgWmZmMo
~mYH$m_ nyU Pmco. `m dfu`m gmJVo`m H$sVZm`m doir lr_hmamOmZr gm{JVco H$s `mnwT>o
lr~m~mMm O``wgd VrZ {XdgmMm Agoc Am{U nw`{VWr Cgd EH$ {XdgmMm Agoc. VohmnmgyZ
O``wgd _moR>m _mUmV gmOam hmoD$ cmJcm.
nw`{VWr`m {Xder gH$mir lr~m~m`m _{XamV {dS>m R>odyZ mWZm H$a`mV òVo. AmVm _{XamV
AIS> Zm__aU gw$ Amho. naVw nydu Ho$di {deof Cgdm`m doir 24 Vmg Zm__aU H$a`mMr
nV hmoVr. lr~m~m`m nw`{VWr`m {Xderhr gH$mirM Zm__aUmcm gwdmV hmoV Ago. gH$mir
lr~m~m`m _{XamV cKwm{^foH$ H$a`mV òB.
lrdmgwXodmZVgad{V {Zdmgm`m dmVwXodVo`m ImocrV lm{dYrcm gmYmaU gH$mir 11
dmOVm gwdmV hmoB. lr_hmamO dV: lmmcm ~gV AgV. hm {dYr AmQ>mon`mda ^moOZ hmoB.
gm`H$mir dMZ hmoV Ago. amr gH$>r MVwWu Ag`m_wio ghmdVZo Am{U AmaVr Pm`mda
Am{U MmoX` Pm`mda Zdo Am{U _hmgmX hmoB. `mZVa lr_hmamO dV: H$sVZ H$arV.
lr_hmamO amr Cndmg gmoS>VmZm Xwnmar Ho$coco lmmMo gd nXmW gmX hUyZ ^moOZmV KoV
AgV. gH$>r{Z{_m CH$S>r`m _moXH$mMm gmXhr ^moOZmV Ago. lr_hmamO {ZdmgWmZmVrc
KwgiIm~mOdi ^moOZmcm ~gV Am{U âmâ OodU CaHy$Z cJ~JrZo AJaIm, \o$Q>m n[aYmZ H$$Z
H$sVZmgmR>r gm hmoV. `m doir gmWrXma Am{U lmoVdJ dJao gm`mMrM ^moOZ CaHy$Z òVmZm \$maM
O``m nd] _hmogd.. / 119
Vmam~i CS>o.
gwdmVrMr VrZ df hUOo 1958 n`V S>m.{_amer nw`{VWrMo H$sVZ H$arV AgV. 1959
gmcmnmgyZ lr_hmamOmZr dV: H$sVZ godm gw$ Ho$cr.
lr~m~mMm {ZdmUH$mc amr 12 dmOyZ 28 {_{ZQ>mM
m Ag`mZo H$sVZ gndyZ R>rH$ 12 dmOyZ 28
{_{ZQ>mZ r lr~m~mMr AmaVr hmoB. `mZVa "Jw$ _hmamO Jw$$ O` O` na~ gX>Jw $$' Ago _wImZo hUV
lr_hmamO, lr~m~m`m g_m{Y_{Xamcm VrZ X{jUm KmcrV; `m doir `mMo nmR>r gd CnpWV
lmoVd Jhr X{jUm KmcrV Ago. _àm CcQy>Z Jocc
o r Amho, gd emVVm ngacocr Amho Aem J^ra
dmVmdaUmV lr_hmamO Amn`m gX>Jw$`m _aUmZo, XmQ>co`m H$R>mZo "Jw$$ _hmamO Jw$' hUV
X{jUm _mJmda PnmPn nmdco Q>mH$V OmV. `m doir ^$OZhr lr_hmamOm`m ^mdZoer Vyn hmoD$Z
OmV Am{U lr~m~m`m AmR>dUrZo gmao dmVmdaU J^ra hmoD$Z OmB. X{jUoZV a lr~m~m`m g_mYrda
dm{hcocr \w$co lr_hmamO ^$mZm gmX hUyZ XoV AgV. AZwnpWV ^$mZmhr AmR>dUrZo Xwg`m
H$moUm ^$mOdi, hVo-nahVo hm gmX lr_hmamO AJXr _aUnydH $ nmR>drV.
nydr lr_hmamO d`godH$mH$adr g_m{Y_{Xam~mhoa JmoaJar~ cmoH$mZm cmSy> gmX hUyZ dmQ>rV
AgV. naVw `m`m dmrV AZwHy$c Agm H$moUVmM ~Xc hmoV Zmhr ho nmhZ nwT>o lr_hmamOmZr ho
gmX dmQ>n ~X Ho$co.
JmoHw$im>_r - O_m>_r`m _àmr g_m{Y_{XamV "lrh[a{dO`' `m JWmVrc lrH$U
O_m`m`mMo dmMZ lr_hmamO dV: H$arV; `mZVa AmaVr hmoD$Z VrW-gmX, gwR>dS>m, {IamnV
gdmZm {Xcr OmB Am{U ZVa H$m\$snmZ hmoB.
Xwg`m {Xder g_m{Y_{Xam`m ~mOycm AJUmV VrZ hS>m ~mY`m OmV. _Ycr hS>r WmoS>r
A{YH$ CMrda Am{U gdmV _moR>r, EH$mda EH$ VrZ hS>m qeH$m`mV R>do Zy da Zmai R>do Zy ~mYcocr
Agm`Mr. Va ~mOy`m XmoZ hS>m WmoS>m H$_r CMrda Agm``m. gdM hS>mMr CMr _m\$H$
Agm`Mr. CM hS>m ~mYyZ {Odmer IoiUo Am{U aJmMm ~oaJ hmoUo lr_hmamOm`m gmdY dmrV
~gUmao ZhVo. hS>mVyZ Xhr, VmH$, cmm, Jwcmc `mMo {_lU Ago. hS>mgmR>r C^maco`m Im~mZm
Am{U H$_mZrcm AemoH$djm`m S>hm`mZr gO{dcoco Ago Am{U XmQ> nmZmV gnUy n Uo cnyZ OmVrc
Aem arVrZo Ho$ir, S>mqi~, no$, H$mH$S>m Aer ~mi-JmonmimZm {` \$io cmdcocr AgV.
gm`H$mir nmM-gmS>no mM`m gw_mamcm lr_hmamO XhrH$m`m`m H$sVZmcm Cô amhmV. lrH$Um`m
JmoHw$imVrc ~mbcrcm Am{U `m_mJrc amOH$s` Am{U gm_m{OH$ gX^ Vo lmo`mZm g_OmdyZ XoV.
lrH$UmZo JmoHw$imVrc XyYXw^Vo _Wwaocm nmR>{d`mg {damoY Ho$cm; H$maU Vo XyYXw^Vo ImD$Z
_WwaoVrc amjg C_m hmoV hmoVo Am{U gH$g AmA^mdr JmoHw$imVrc Jmonmi _m XrZ-Xw~io Pmco
hmoVo. amjgmMm {VH$ma H$a`mMo ~iM `m`m AJr am{hco ZhVo. ho Xw>MH ôX`mgmR>r lrH$UmZo
120 && MV`gy` &&
VoWrc gdgm_m` OZVoMo AmXmocZ gw$ Ho$co. BW`m XyYXw^`mda n{hcm h$ `m ~miJmonmimMm
Amho, XyY-cmoUr ImD$Z Vr ~cgn Pmcr nm{hOoV VaM Vr _WwaoVrc Owc_r amjgmMo AmH$_U
naVdyZ cmd`mg g_W R>aVrc. naVw gm_monMmamZo _m{JV`mda H$moUr cj XoV Zmhr hUyZ
lrH$UmZo JmoHw$idm{g`mZm Ac KS>{d`mgmR>r XmXwYmMr Mmoar H$aUo gw$ Ho$co.
Amn`m XoemVrc gpWVrcm hm nmam{UH$ gX^ H$gm MnIc cmJy nS>Vmo ho gmJVmZm lr_hmamO
gmJV H$s, AmOhr AmnU XoemVrc CH$> AYm` naXoemV H$dS>r_mocmZo {dH$Vmo Am{U `mMo
{ZH$> AYm` `m XoemVrc JmoaJar~ OZVo`m _mWr _maVmo. `m_wio AmO `m XoemVrc `wdm{nT>r
H$_Omoa, {Z:gd Pmcr Amho. Amncm gZmVZ d{XH$ Y_ Am{U Amnco am> ~cdmZ H$am`Mo Agoc
Va VU {nT>r ~cemcr Pmcr nm{hOo. `mgmR>r `mZm gH$g A _m\$H$ XamV CncY Pmco
nm{hOo. `m`m_ò ~cgdYZmMr, `m`m_mMr JmoS>r {Z_mU Pmcr nm{hOo. ~R>m Ioimnojm hVyVy,
h_m_m, ImoImo, Hw$Vr Aem _XmZr IoimMr Am{U `m OmoS>rcm XS>, ~R>H$m, gy`Z_H$ma Aem
`m`m_mMr AmdS> `m`m_ò Omonmgcr nm{hOo. `m`m_mMr JmoS>r {Z_mU H$aUo Am{U nm{>H$
ImnXmW d \$i\$imdi `mMo EH${H$aU hUOoM ^JdVmMm JmonmiH$mcm.
lr_hmamO lrH$Um`m ~mccrcmMo, `m`m gdJS>m~amo~a`m Ioi, XJm_VrMo dUZ H$aVmZm
_òM H$Um`m ^y{_Ho$VyZ ""E n|m @'' Aer hmH$ _mam`Mo. `m doir ojH$mVyZ lr.Cdamd
ImS>oH$a ho d`mod ^$ h_Img Cô amhZ C\y$VnUo "Amo' m`Mo Am{U lmoVdJmV hm`mMm
H$moi CR>m`Mm. lrH$U Am{U Jmonmim`m IoimMo dUZ H$aVmZm lr_hmamO _òM lmo`mZm `m
IoimV gh^mJr hmo`mMo AmdmhZ H$am`Mo Am{U H$sVZm`m `m _`VamV gd chmZ-_moR>o lmoVo
CgmhmZo _{Xam~mhoa IoimgmR>r {ZKm`Mo. `m doir lr_hmamO lmo`mZm Xhrnmoho, g\$aMXm`m
\$moS>r Am{U S>mqi~mMo XmUo `mMo {_lU gmX hUyZ XoV. gdmZm cmoUrhr dmQ>`mV òB. Aem doir
lr_hmamO, lrH$U gdJS>mZm H$go o_mZo ImD$ KmcV Ago, H$gm IQ>minUm H$arV Ago ho
XmI{d`mgmR>r _òM EImm`m ZmH$mcm qH$dm Jmcmda, Vm|S>mda cmoUr \$merV AgV. Aem
AmZX H$moimV gd _S>ir _{Xam~mhoa O_m hmoV Am{U hVyVy, Imo-Imo, Omoa, ~R>H$m, MH$sXS>,
agrIoM Aem {d{dY IoimMr EH$M KmB CS>o.
lr_hmamOmZr nydm`w`mV H$gyZ `m`m_ Ho$cocm hmoVm. `m_wio Vo dV: YmoVamMm H$mMm _m$Z
{d{dY `m`m_ H$mamMr gwdmV H$arV. Vo nmhZ _J Cgmh òD$Z lmo`m_Yrc AJXr mT>hr O_oc
Vem, Ponoc VodT>m Omoa ~R>H$m _maUo gw$ H$arV. VUmZm Va lr_hmamOmnwT>o Amnco H$me`
XmIdyZ nmR>rda em~mgH$sMr Wmn {_i{d`mMr gwdUgYrM Ago. _J \w$JS>m gw$ hmoV. doJdoJio
Ioi Ioi`mgmR>r _wcmMm EH$ Am{U mT>mMm EH$ Ago JQ> H$arV Am{U _J cJS>r, Imo-Imo, hVyVy,
ZmH$m`w, qdMy`w, KmoS>m`w, H$m|~S>r PwO, dmK-eoir, agrIoM Ago AZoH$ Ioi gw$ hmoV. nydu
O``m nd] _hmogd.. / 121
lr_hmamO dV: IoimV ^mJ `m`Mo. nU nwT>o d`mo_mZm_mUo `mZr nMmMr ^y{_H$m drH$macr.
Ioi gn`mda "JmoqdXm Jmonmim'`m JOamV gdOU _{Xam^modVr EH$ X{jUm KmcyZ hS>rOdi
òV Am{U n{hcr hS>r \$moS>V. `m_mUo VrZ X{jUm KmcyZ VrZhr hS>m \$moS>`m OmV. hS>m
\$moS>VmZm ~miJmonmimMm Cgmh AmogSy>Z OmV Ago. lr_hmamO dV: gdm`m AJmda nmUr CS>drV
AgV. A{Ve` CgmhmZo ~miJmonmimZm mogmhZ XoV AgV. H$moU H$gm hS>r \$moS>Vmo`, H$go Wa Cô
amhmV AmhoV, H$go H$mogiV AmhoV, gmaogmao A`V AmZXmZo nmhmV AgV. OUy IQ>mi JmonmcH$UM
lr_hmamOm`m AJr gMmacoco AgV.
~miJmonmimMm Cgmh JJZmcm {^S>cocm Ago. no$, gr, _mog~r, H$mH$S>m Aer gOmdQ>rV
cndcocr \$io {_i{d`mgmR>r EH$M Pw~S> CS>mcr Amho, hS>rn`V nmohmoM`mgmR>r Mmcco`m
YS>nS>rV dmadma Wa H$mogiV AmhoV, _YyZM nm`mMo \$dmao AZno{jVnUo AJmda nS>V AmhoV,
dV:Mo H$nS>o H$moaS>o R>od`mgmR>r WmoS>o Xya Cô amhZ J_V nmhmUm`m EImm`m S>mo`mda hiyM
nm`mZo âcocr ~mXcr [aH$m_r H$$Z, ZI{eImV AmKmoi KmVcr OmV Amho, Vmohr _J CgmhmZo
JXuV gm_rc hmoV Amho, Ago gmao MV`_` JmoHw$iM VoWo AdVam`Mo.
hS>m \$moS>Zy Pm`m H$s gd ^$_S>ir ZmZ H$$Z H$nS>o ~XcyZ _{XamV òD$Z ~gV. lr_hmamO Va
Ho$hmM V`ma hmoD$Z _{XamV Amcoco Agm`Mo Am{U nwhm Q>mi-_XJ m`m gmWrZo H$sVZ nwT>o gw$ hmoB.
H$sVZmMm g_mamon H$aVmZm lr_hmamO nwhm EH$Xm gH$g Amhma Am{U `m`m_ `mMo _hd {dfX
H$$Z gmJV AgV. ""OJmV Xw~cm`m dmQ>Urcm Zoh_rM Hw$Mo>m, AdhocZm, A`mMma òVmV.
hUyZ ~cmonmgZm H$am. Amncm Y_ Am{U Amnco am> `m`m CVrgmR>r Am{U ajUmgmR>r g_mO
~cemcr Agcm nm{hOo. "eara_m Icw Y_ gmYZ_' ho gXd cjmV R>odm. Am`m`m {d{O{Jfw
nanaoMo AmnU nmBH$ AmhmoV ho {dg$ ZH$m. "gh{V: H$m`gm{YH$m' ho EH$s`m ~imMo gy ^JdVmZr
n|m-gwXm`mZm ~amo~a KoD$Z JmodYZ ndV CMc`m`m crcoVyZ AmnUmcm {eH${dco Amho.
am>moVrgmR>r EH$ XmoKmZr Zho Va AmnU gdmZrM `Zerc ~Zm`cm hdo. _mPo nmR>~i Vwhmcm
`m H$m`mV gXd amhrc,'' Agohr lr_hmamO gmJV AgV. H$sVZ gn`mda nydu gdmZm \$moS>UrMo
nmoho gmX hUyZ {Xco OmV; naVw nwT>o gdmZmM _{XamV ^moOZ {Xco OmD$ cmJco.
XhrhS>r`m Cgdmcm EH$ {demc gm_m{OH$ n[a_mU XoD$Z lr_hmamOmZr g_mOmV ~cgdYZ,
gm_m{OH$ Eo` Am{U am>^$sMo ~rO amod`mgmR>r `mMm Cn`moJ Ho$cm; A`Wm Vmo Ho$di EH$
Ym{_H$ Cgd R>acm AgVm. naVw lr_hmamO _m Zoh_rM "dY_' Am{U "dam>' `m`m CVrgmR>r
PQ>V hmoVo. EH$mM doir `$s Am{U g_>rgmR>r `mMo H$m` Mmcy hmoVo Am{U `m_wioM _{XamV
hmoUm`m chmZ _moR>m Cgdm_ò JmonmiH$m`mMo WmZ A`V AmJiodoJio Amho. _hmam>mV
gdXya hm Cgd gmOam hmoVmoM; naVw `mVhr lr_hmamOmZr _{XamVrc `m Cgdmmao {Xco`m
122 && MV`gy` &&
{eH$dUwH$s_wio, `m CgdmMo WmZ EH$_odm{Vr`M Amho.

JUoemogd - lr~m~m`m _{XamVrc JUoemogd XrS> {XdgmMm AgVmo. ^mnX ew MVwWucm
lrJUam`mMr {d{YdV mU{V>m hmoV.o AmX`m {Xder gm`H$mir _{XamV lrJOmZZmMr _yVu AmU`mV
òVo. lr_hmamOmZr Ver WmM KmcyZ {Xcocr Amho. _{XamV EH$m ~mOycm MmaJ AgVmo. g^modma
{dOo`m {X`mMr AmH$fH$ gOmdQ>, \w$cXm`m, \$imMr VmQ>o Aer XoIUr Amamg Ho$cocr AgVo.
`m MmaJmda lr_Jc_yVu {damO_mZ hmoVmV. nmR>r_mJo MH$mH$ma n`m_mUo {XgUmao VmS>mMo nmZ
lr_hmamO _wm_ AmUdyZ emoôgmR>r cmdrV AgV.
{V>mnZo`m doir gh Xydm Am{U nMImm`m Vico`m _moXH$mMm Zdo AnU Ho$cm OmB.
`mZVa Ama`m Am{U _nwn hmoB Am{U ZVa CnpWV ^$_S>itZm gmX {Xcm OmB.
gm`H$mir Wm{ZH$ _S>ir XeZmgmR>r òV. `mM_mUo _w~ BhZ AZoH$ ^$OZ lr_hmamOmZr {V>mnZm
Ho$co`m JUnVrMo XeZ Ko`mgmR>r AmdOyZ òV AgV. lrJUoe ho lr_hmamOmMo A`V AmdS>Vo XdV.
`m`m _{XamVrc AmJ_ZmZo lr_hmamO A`V AmZXr _ZpWVrV, g Ago AgV. `m_wio
^$_S>itZmhr CgmhmMo âVo Amcoco Agm`Mo. gm`H$mir _moR>m CgmhmV Ama`m aJm``m.
Xwg`m {Xder Xwnmar nyOm, ghmdVZo, Zdo Pmcm H$s gm`H$mir {dgOZmMr {_adUyH$ {ZKm`Mr.
lr_hmamO H$Yr {dgOZmcm _m Joco ZmhrV. "B>H$m_ {g`W, nwZamJ_Zm`M' Ago hUVmZmM
lr_hmamOmMo AV:H$aU {d`moJm`m ^mdZoZo ^$Z òB. S>moio ^$Z òV. _{Xam`m XmamVM Vo
JUam`mMm {Zamon KoV. ""_cm {dgOZmMo ` nmhmdUma Zmhr. lrJOmZZm~amo~a _cmhr ZXrV ~wS>r
_ma`mMr BN>m hmoBc. Vohm _r òWoM Wm~Vmo. Vwhr gd _S>ir OmD$Z `m !'' Ago gmJyZ Vo
_{XamVM Wm~V.{dgOZmgmR>r gmaoOU YmoVa, gXam, Q>monr Aem nman[aH$ doemV, AZdmUr OmV
AgV. EH$ d`godH$ _yVu KoD$Z AJ^mJr MmcV Ago. _mJo gdOU XmoZ qH$dm VrZ`m amJmV
{eVrZo ÔZo JmV Zm__aU H$arV MmcV AgV. {_adUyH$ kmZoa nmXwH$m MmH$, _mS>Z H$mcoO,
~mcJYd aJ_{Xa MmH$m_mJ} H$mJog hmD$gg_moarc doa _{XamMm KmQ>, `m Zoh_r`m R>aco`m
_mJmZoM OmV Ago. KmQ>mda AmaVr H$$Z "nwT>`m dfu cdH$a `m' Ago {Z_U XoD$Z JUnVrMo
{dgOZ H$a`mV òB Am{U gd _S>ir nwhm Zm__aU H$arV _{XamV naV òV AgV.
Zdam - g_m{Y_{XamV ZdammV ZD$ {Xdg geVrMo nmR> hmoV AgV. amoO gwdm{gZr Am{U
Hw$_m[aH$m nyOZ H$a`mV òB. c{cVmnM_rcm lrc{cVmJmarMo dV hmoV Ago. A>_rcm geVrhdZ
hmoV Ago. hm {Xdg lr_hmamOmMm O_{Xdg `m_wio nw`m_w~BVrc AZoH$ ^$ _wm_ `m {Xder
lr_hmamOm`m XeZmcm òV AgV.
{dO`mXe_r - {dO`mXe_r`m {Xder gH$mir Zdm dO C^m$Z dOnyOZ hmoV Ago (AmVm
{dO`mXe_rEodOr Am{Z ew A>_r`m {Xder lr_hmamOm`m O_{XZr dOmamohU hmoV)o .
O``m nd] _hmogd.. / 123
{dO`mXe_rMm {Xdg hm gmS>oVrZ _whVmnH$s EH$ _whV Amho. `m_wio `m {Xder gH$mir
lr~m~m`m O`Vr Cgdm`m _S>nmMr _whV_oT> amodcr Om`Mr. _oT>rMr nyOm H$$Z, EH$m {nd`m
dmV gwnmar, VmXyi, hiHw$S> ~mYyZ Vo _oT>r`m Q>moH$mcm ~mYco OmV Ago.
gm`H$mir gmoZo cwQ>`mMm H$m`H$_ Ago. g_m{Y_{Xam`m ~mJoV A_VH$mMo (AmnQ>mMo)
PmS> Amho. VoWo do._y.go JwOr lr_hmamOmZm, A_VH$djmMr Am{U \$mm VmoS>`mgmR>r AmUco`m
H$mo`Vm dJao emMr nyOm gmJV AgV. lr_hmamO `m doir Jwcm~r aJmMm \o$Q>m ~mYyZ òV
AgV. `WmgmJ nyOm Pmcr H$s lr_hmamO dhVo EH$ \$mXr VmoS>rV AgV. `mZVa JS>r_mUgo
{eS>rda MTy>Z _hmamOmZr XmI{d`m_mUo \$mm N>mQy>Z Imcr T>rJ KmcrV. lr_hmamOm`m
AmkoZo CnpWV r-nwf ho gmoZo cwQ>V AgV. cwQ>coco gmoZo Am{U KQ>WmnZo`m {Xder OV
KmVcoco gYm`mMo OdU gdW_ lr~m~m _hmamOm`m _{XamV dm{hco OmB. `mZVa "JwH$nm'
B_maVrVrc XodKamV Am{U lrg dmgwXodmZV gad{V {ZdmgmVrc XodKamV dm{hco OmB. `mZVa
gd ^$ lr_hmamOmZm gmoZo XoV AgV. ho gd Pm`mda EH$_oH$mZm gmoZo Xo`mMm CnMma hmoV
Ago. `m doir Amco`m gd ^$_S>itZm lrIS>nwarMm gmX XoD$Z _JM Kar nmR>{d`mV òB.
H$moOmJar nm{U_m - lr~m~mMr O`Vr hm _{XamVrc gdmV _hdmMm Am{U _moR>m Cgd.
`m`m nydV`margmR>r lr_hmamO VrZ g^m KoV AgV. n{hcr g^m lmdU _{h`mV, Xwgar JUoe
MVwWu`m {Xder Am{U {Vgar H$moOmJar nm{U_o`m amr hmoB. gd d`godH$mZm {Zamon Jococo
AgV. gdOU {Z`mo{OV doioAmYr nmM {_{ZQ>o _{XamV O_V AgV. gôMm dmmV {c{h`mgmR>r
coIZ gm_Jr, MmaJ Am{U dmmV {c{hUmam d`godH$ gmao H$mhr V`ma Ago. lr_hmamO gôMr
doi hmoVmM _{XamV doe H$arV. lr~m~mZm gm>mJ Z_H$ma KmcyZ `m`mgmR>r KmcyZ R>odco`m
Km|JS>rda AmgZW hmoV. `m doir Vo hUV, ""_mPo AmgZ Vwhm _S>itnmgyZ dV Amho. _r
Vw_`m Cgd-_S>imV Zmhr ~a H$m ! _r _S>imMm H$moUrhr Zmhr. A`j, {MQ>Urg, I{OZXma gd
Vw_`mVrcM AmhoV.''
_{h`mâmZo gmO`m hmoUm`m lr~m~m`m Cgdm`m doir Cgd-_S>i Am{U d`godH$
`mZm Amn`m O~m~XmarMo ^mZ `mdo; VgoM `m`m gd H$VtH$S>o AmnU `m`mVrc EH$ hUyZ
Zho Va lr~m~m`m WmZmMm EH$ ajH$ hUyZ nmhmUma AmhmoV `mMr OmUrd gdmZm hmdr hmM
~hYm `mMm Coe Agmdm. Cgdm`m CmaXm{`dmMr O~m~Xmar Cgd-_S>im`m Immda Amho,
hohr _hmamOmZm XmIdyZ m`Mo Agmdo.
_J Cgd-_S>imV\}$ g_m{Y_{XamV Cgd H$a`mMr nadmZJr _mJUmam arVga AOmMm _gwXm
Cgd-_S>imMo `mdfuMo A`j gmXa H$arV.
124 && MV`gy` &&
&& lr &&
&& lrgX>Jw $ dmgwXdo mZV gadVr g &&
{XZmH$ 1.10.1967
lr.am.am.n.ny.{d>camd JUoe Omoer
crO hmoS>a, cmQ> Z.321/S>r ({g.g.Z.937/S>r)
{edmOr ZJa, MVw:mJr aVm, nwUo-4
`mgr,
"lrgXJw dmgwXodmZV gadVr godm-_S>im'V\}$ _r Imcr ghr H$aUmam _S>imMm
A`j AmnUmH$S>o {dZVr H$$ BpN>Vmo H$s, ~r^yV lrgX>Jw$ dmgwXodmZV gadVr
VWm ~m~m_hmamO gh~wo `mMm O`Vr Cgd H$m{VH$ ew 14, 15 d d 1 eHo$
1889; ~wYdma, Jwdma, ewH$dma {XZmH$ 15.11.1967, Vo 17.11.1967 amoOr
Amhr `mMr ^$_S>ir gmOam H$$ BpN>Vmo, gm.{Z_cmVmB Iao `m`m ImgJr _mcH$sMm
cmQ> Z.321/S>r {g.g.Z. 937/S>r, {edmOrZJa nwUo - 4 hm AmnUmH$S>o crOZo
Amho. gm.{Z_cmVmB Iao `m`m ImgJr cmQ>_ò ~.^y.lrgXJw dmgwXodmZV gadVr
`mMo g_m{Y_{Xa Amho. `m g_m{Y_{XamV d cmQ>_ò {Vdfm_mUo O`Vr Cgd
gmOam H$a`mMr AmnU _S>imcm nadmZJr mdr. VgoM _S>n C^maUo d naV gm_mZgw_mZ
ZoUo dJao H$m_mgmR>r Amhmcm cmQ>Mr OmJm {XZmH$ 1.11.1967 Vo 30.11.1967
n`V {dZm_y` dmna`mMr nadmZJr mdr.
darc H$mimV `m cmQ>_ò Amnco Oo H$mhr {Z`_ d gHo$V AgVrc Vo Amhr
{~ZeV nmiy. Var _ohoa~mZr H$$Z Amhmcm nadmZJr {_imdr.
VgoM AmnUhr ~.^y.lrgX>Jw dmgwXodmZV `mMo {e`, godH$ d ^$ Ag`m_wio
godm-_S>imcm _S>imH$Sy>Z H$mhrhr doVZ Z KoVm _XV H$amdr Aer {dZVr Amho.
H$imdo cmo^ Agmdm hr {dZVr.
Amncm
lr. X. Omoer (A`j)
lrgXJw dmgwXodmZV gadVr godm-_S>i.
`m AOmcm Cma hUyZ lr_hmamO coIr nadmZJr n XoV AgV.

O``m nd] _hmogd.. / 125
&& lr &&
VgV &
lrgado Z_: &
lrg dmgwXdo mZV gadVr VWm

~m~m _hmamO gh~wo g_mYr _{Xa,
cmQ> Z.321/S>r, {g.g.Z.937/S>r,
MVw:mJ r aVm, {edmOrZJa, nwUo - 16
{XZmH$ 10.10.1967.
lr.am.S>m.lr.X.Omoer, A`j _hmamO,
lrgX>Jw$ dmgwXodmZV gadVr godm_S>i, `mgr
g.Z.{d.{d.
Amn`m _S>imV\}$ AmnU lrgX>J
w $ dmgwXdo mZV gadVr VWm ~m~m _hmamO gh~wo
`mMm O`Vr Cgd {XZmH$ 15,16 d 17.11.1967 amoOr gmOam H$aUma AmhmV ho
g_Oco. `mgmR>r AmnU _mPr nadmZJr _m{JVcr Amho d Vmo nadmZJrMm AOhr AmnU
_mPoH$S>o {Xcm Amho. gXah H$m_r _r AmnUmcm nwT>rc_mUo H$idrV Amho.
cmQ> Z.321/S>r, {g.g.Z.937/S>r, hr OmJm gm.{Z_cm~mB {ZiH$R> Iao am.dYm
`m M o ImgJr _mcH$sMr Amho . `m OmJo V `m Z r ~m Y co c o `m M o d{S>cm M o hUOo
~.^y.lr.dmgwXodmZV gadVr D$\$ amdgmho~ gh~wo `mMo g_m{Y_{Xa, `mMo ImgJr
_mcH$sMo Amho. hr OmJm _r {XZmH$ 18.8.1956 amoOr Vrg dfmMo a{OQ>S> crOZo
`m`mH$Sy>Z KoVcocr Amho. `mV `mMm _mcH$s h$ d BVa h$ `mMr OnUyH$ H$arZ Ago
`mZm {chZ {Xco Amho. VXZwgma `mMm _mcH$s h$ OVZ H$a`mgmR>r _cm Onmdo cmJVo
d Amnn`V _r OnV Amho.
AmnU gd _S>ir lrgX>J
w ~m~m_hmamOmMo ^$ AmhmV d `mMm O`Vr Cgd AmnU
`m OmJoV `mMo g_m{Y_{XamV gmOam H$aUma AmhmV, `mgmR>r _mS>d KmcUo, gm_mZgw_mZ
AmUUo, R>odUo, OmJm dmnaUo `m CgdmMo H$m_mgmR>r AmnU hr OmJm dmna`mg {_imdr
({XZmH$ 1.11.1967 Vo 30.11.1967 n`V) Aer nadmZJr _m{JVcr Amho. Ver nadmZJr
_r Amn`m _S>imcm `m _wXVrgmR>r nwT>rc AQ>tda {dZm_y` XoV Amho.
(1) _S>imZo `m _wXVrV _mPo AJa gm.{Z_cm~mB {ZiH$R> Iao `mMo H$moU`mhr
h$g~Y
mcm ~mY Z AmUVm `m OmJoMm dmna H$amdm d Cgd H$amdm.
(2) `{$e: _cm Omo _Zw` `m OmJoV `md`mg ZH$mo Agoc d `m WmZmcm Omo _cm
126 && MV`gy` &&
~mYH$ dmQ>oc `mcm _r OmJoV òD$ XoUma Zmhr. `m _wXVrV _S>im_m\$V H$m_mgmR>r d
CgdmgmR>r Or _mUgo `m OmJoV òVrc `mnH$s gdmZr `m OmJoV Oo _mPo {Z`_ AmhoV Vo
VVmoVV nmico nm{hOoV. Vgo Z H$aVm Omo H$moUr {Z`_ _moS>rc dm Ja{eV dVZ H$arc,
`mcm _r H$moU`mhr doir `m OmJoVyZ ~mhoa Omd`mg gmJoZ d `m~c _r Hw$Umcmhr
Iwcmgm md`mg ~mYcocm Zmhr. `m OmJoV H$moUr `mdo dm òD$ Zò hm _mPm dV:Mm
ImgJr Amho. d Oar _r _S>imcm nadmZJr {Xcr Agcr Var Vmo _mPm h$ A~m{YVM
amhrc.
(3) òWo Agcocr B_maV AmnUmg {dZm_y` dmna`mg Xo`mV òBc VgoM òWo
Agcoco gm_mZhr {dZm_y` dmna`mg Xo`mV òBc. _m `m _wXVrV Oa B_maVrMr,
OmJoMr dm gm_mZmMr ZmgYyg Pm`mg dm H$moUr Ho$cr Va `m`m IMmMr OmoIr_ _S>imda
amhrc.
(4) _S>i `m CgdmV Oo H$mhr H$arc `mcm _r O~m~Xma Zmhr. gdVmonar `mMo
`mZrM nhmdo.
(5) _S>imZo {Z_U Ho$co`m _mUgmnH $s H$moUr `m WmZmcm {dKmVH$ Agoc Va `mMo
{Z_U a H$$Z AmnUmcm Z {dMmaVm _r `mcm `m OmJoVZy ~mhoa Omd`mg gmJZo .
(6) CgdmV p`m d nwf `mZr _`mXm gm^miyZ d `dhma nmiyZ AcJnUo dmJ`mg
{dg$ Zò.
(7) ltZm AJa lt`m WmZmcm H$_rnUm òBc
Aem VhoZo _S>imVrc d _S>im_m\$V
òUm`m H$moU`mhr `$sZo dVZ H$aVm H$m_m Zò. H$moUr H$moUmMrhr qZXmZmcVr dm ^mS>UVQ>m
H$aVm H$m_m Zò. ^$snydH $ d ew gmpdH$ n{d dmVmdaUmV dmJ`mMr H$moerg H$amdr.
darc gd AQ>tMr OmoIr_ AmnUmda amhrc.
darc_mUo AQ>tda _r AmnUmg nadmZJr XoV Amho d Vrhr AmnU ltMo ^$ AmhmV `m
^mdZm OmUyZ XoV Amho. Cgd gn`mda Amncm H$moU`mhr H$maMm g~Y `m OmJoV
amhUma Zmhr d Amncr H$moU`mhr H$mao d{hdmQ> amhUma Zmhr ho cjmV R>do mdo. Amn`m
AOmVrc eodQ>Mm ^mJ _r dmMyZ nm{hcm d `mcm _r _m`Vm {Xcr Amho.
H$imdo hr {dZVr.
Amncm
lrgX>JwMaUaO
{d. J. Omoer
O``m nd] _hmogd.. / 127
ho n XoD$Z Pm`mda lr_hmamO Cgdm`m V`marMm AmT>mdm KoV. CgdmgmR>r Amd`H$ `m

`mm H$aUo dJao H$m_o Ho$cr OmV. H$Yr lr_hmamO Amnco ^mdr gH$n cmoH$mnwT>o AZmnMm[aH$
Jnm_ò _mS>m`Mo. `m_ò H$YrH$Yr doXnmR>emim gw$ H$a`m~c MMm hm`Mr. H$Yr lr~m~m`m
_{XamMr Zdr XoIUr, n$s B_maV ~mY`mMm {df` {ZKm`Mm. lr_hmamO eodQ>Mr H$mhr df} g`mg
KoD$Z lr~m~m`m _{XameoOmar N>moQ>r _R>r ~mYyZ VoWo amhm`mMm {dMma `$ H$arV.
gôZVa H$mhr H$mi lrdm_r g_WmMo Zm__aU Ho$co OmV Ago. Vmon`V _àmrMm g_`
hm`Mm. _J Mmcm XwYmMm Zdo XmI{d`mda CnpWV ^$ d`godH$mMr nJV ~go. ~Q>mQ>mMr
^mOr, nw`m, ZmaimMr MQ>Ur, Ôr Am{U XyY Agm ~oV Ago. AmJh H$aH$$Z d`godH$mZm XyY
Am{U BVa nXmWhr dmT>co OmV Am{U _J ^$_S>ir Kar naV OmV.
Xrnmdcr - g_m{Y_{XamV YZ`moXernmgyZ {Xdmir`m gUmcm ma^ hmoVmo. `m AmYr
AmMm`mH$Sy>Z gmod`mZo \$amimMo {d{dY nXmW ânya _mUmV H$$Z R>odcoco AgV. \$amim`m
nXmWmMm XodmZm Zdo XmI{dcm OmB. VwierdXmdZmg_moarc AJUmV \$Q>mHo$ cmdco OmV. ZVa
AmaVr hmoD$Z ^$JUmZm YZo, Jyi, ~mmgo d H$m\$s {Xcr OmV Ago. YZ`moXernmgyZ ^mD$~rOon`V
amoO nhmQ>o Am{U gm`H$mir g_m{Y_{Xam`m n[agamV ânya nU`mMr Amamg Ho$cr OmV Ago. _m
nU`m_YyZ Voc JiyZ \$aer Iam~ hmoD$ Zò hUyZ nU`m Imcr EH$EH$ chmZ VmQ>cr R>od`mMrhr
XjVm KoVcr OmB.
gZ 1984-85 nydu lr_hmamO gmV-AmR> nmoVr \$Q>mHo$ IaoXr H$am`Mo. _J `m`m N>moQ>m
nwS>m ~mYyZ ^$JUm`m _wcmZm {Xco OmV AgV. VgoM {Xdmir{Z{_m {`mZm gmS>m, nwfmZm
eQ>-nQ>, nmÒ_m `mgmR>r H$mnS> qH$dm YmoVa, chmZ _wcmZm V`ma H$nS>o Ago ânya H$mnS>-MmonS>
IaoXr Ho$co Om`Mo. {Xdmir AmYr Mma-ghm {Xdg òH$m`m Hw$Qw>~mVrc _mUgmMr Zmdm{Zer
JUVr H$$Z `m_mUo `mMr`mMr nwS>H$s ~mYyZ R>od`mMo H$m_ lr_hmamO 10-12 d`godH$m`mgh
nyU H$am`Mo Am{U {Xdmir`mnydu `mMo dmQ>n hm`Mo.
ZaH$MVwXer`m {Xder ^`m nhmQ>o lr_hmamO _{XamVrc gdmZm CR>drV. gd nU`m cmd`m
OmV. hamS>mV XmoZ nmQ>, ^modVr amJmoir KmcyZ _mSy>Z R>odcoco AgV Am{U gdm`m AJmcm Voc
cmdm`cm XmoZ JS>rhr gm AgV. VoWo òH$mcm ~gdyZ lr_hmamO dV: `m`m S>mo`mda ânya
gwdm{gH$ Voc AmoVrV Am{U JS>r `m`m AJmcm Voc, CQ>Uo cmdyZ _XZ H$arV. `mZVa Ja_
nm`mZo _Zgmo$ AmKmoi H$$Z Am`mda lr_hmamO gdmZm ImD$gmR>r ngo XoV AgV.
{Xdmirnydu gdmZm gwdm{gH$ VocmMr ~mQ>cr, gm~U Am{U H$nS>o {Xcoco Agco Var _{XamV
amhmUm`m cmoH$mZm nwhm EH$Xm V`ma H$nS>o AmUyZ XoV AgV. lr_hmamO hUV, ""Aao Vwhr Vw_Mo
KaXma ZmVodmBH$ gmoSy>Z òWo ~m~m`m _{XamV amhmV AmhmV, `m_wio Vwhmcm òWo Ka`mgmaIrM
128 && MV`gy` &&
dmJUyH$ _r m`cm ZH$mo H$m ?'' Iao Va lr_hmamO Ka`mnojm A{YH$ o_mZo Amn`mcm dmJdVmV
AerM `m gdmMr ^mdZm Agm`Mr.
gH$mir gmS>oAmR> dmO`m`m gw_mamg AmaVrZVa lr~m~mZm \$amimMm Zdo XmI{dcm OmB.
`mZVa _{XamV XeZmcm Amco`m gdmZm `WoN> \$ami {Xcm OmB. ânya \$amimMo nXmW Ho$coco
Agco Varhr lr_hmamOmZr ~mOmamVyZ {d{dY {_R>m`m AmUco`m Agm``m. `mhr ^$OZmZm,
_{XamVrc godH$mZm lr_hmamO ImD$ Kmcm`Mo. gH$mir XeZmgmR>r òUm`m òH$m`m S>mo`mda
EH$ M_Mm gwdm{gH$ Voc KmcrV Am{U `mcm AmamMm \$m`m XoV AgV. VgoM H$moUr K$Z \$ami
H$$Z Amcm Ag`mg `mcm \$amimMr nwS>r Kar Zo`mgmR>r XoV AgV. H$mhr ^$JU òVmZm
lr~m~mZm Zdo hUyZ VgoM lr_hmamOmgmR>r \$amimMo S>~o KoD$Z òV. ^$m`m ^mdZm cjmV
KoD$Z `mMm drH$ma Ho$cm Om`Mm Am{U nwhm `m S>`mV _{XamVco \$amimMo nXmW ^$Z Vmo S>~m
naV {Xcm Om`Mm.
^mD$~rOo`m {Xder H$mhr gwdm{gZr lr_hmamOmZm Amodmim`cm òV AgV. lr_hmamO `mZm
AmodmiUr XoV AgVM, {edm` ^mD$~rOo{Z{_m gmS>r, ngohr ôQ>rXmIc XoV AgV. `mM {Xder
amr \$Q>mHo$ CS>{d`mMm EH$ OJr H$m`H$_ hm`Mm. nmoVâ \$Q>mHo$ CS>{dco Om`Mo. \$Q>mHo$ cmdUmao
eodQ>r H$Q>miyZ OmV, EdT>o _w~cH$ \$Q>mHo$ AgV. lr_hmamO `m doir dV: hOa AgV. H$moUr
Km~$ cmJcm, _mJo_mJo amh cmJcm Va `mcm mogmhZ XoD$Z, Yra XoD$Z `m`mH$Sy>Z \$Q>mHo$
cmdyZ KoV. H$moUr Km~aQ> Agy Zò, AmH$_H$Vm AJmV ~mUdcr nm{hOo Agm `mMm Coe Ago.
lr~m~mMr O`Vr - {Xdmir gnVo Z gnVo VmoM lr~m~m`m O`Vr CgdmMr V`mar CgmhmZo
gw$ hm`Mr. hm Cgd gdmV _hdmMm Am{U gdmV _moR>m _mUmda gmOam hm`Mm. ~mhoaJmdmhZ
_moR>m _mUmda _S>ir `m`Mr. gZ 1959 nmgyZ hm Cgd VrZ {Xdg gmOam hmoD$ cmJcm. `m
doir {ZdmgWmZmMr EH$_od B_maV gmoS>`mg ^$_S>itZm amhm`mgmR>r A` H$moU`mhr B_maVr
Pmco`m Zh`m; `m_wio 937 ~r `m cmQ>da hUOo AmO`m "AnyUm {Zdmg' Agco`m
^mJmV H$mhr ^mJmcm \$aer ~gdcocr hmoVr, `mda VmnwaVm _S>n KmcyZ VoWo nwf _S>itMr
CVa`mMr `dWm Ho$cocr Agm`Mr. hr \$aer KmgyZ gm\$ H$aUo VgoM doemamg_moarc \$aerhr
YwUo hm n{hcm _moR>m H$m`H$_ `m Cgdm`m {Z{_mmZo hm`Mm. gmao H$m_ d`godH$mH$Sy>Z l_XmZmZo
hm`Mo. Iao Va nJmar JS>r_mUgmH$Sy>Z ho H$m_ H$adyZ KoVm Amco AgVo. naVw d`godH$m_ò
H$>mMr AmdS> {Z_mU hmdr, gX>Jw$`m Xmar am~`mV H$m` AmZX AgVmo ho `mZm g_Omdo,
l_mMr {V>m `mZm OmUdmdr hUyZ lr_hmamO ho l_XmZ `mo{OV. H$mhr doim lr_hmamO ~emZo
cmXr Kmgy cmJV, H$mhr doim hmXmVyZ ~mXcrZo nmUr AmUyZ XoV. lr_hmamO \$aer KmgV AgVmZm
_wm_hyZ d`godH$m`m AJmda nmUr CS>dyZ _Om H$arV AgV. lr_hmamOmZr Amn`m AJmda
O``m nd] _hmogd.. / 129
nmUr CS>dmdo `mgmaIo Xwgao ^m` Zmhr Ago d`godH$mZm dmQ>V Ago. lr_hmamOm`m gh^mJm_wio
d`godH$mMm Cgmh dmT>o. Aem g{H$` gh^mJmZo _mUyg H$m`mer A{YH$ K{Z>nUo OmoS>cm OmVmo.
ho "_mPo' H$m` Amho Aer ^mdZm {Z_mU hmoVo, `m_wio Amn`mda Agco`m O~m~XmarMrhr `mcm
OmUrd hmoD$Z Vmo d`\y$VuZo H$m`mcm dmhZ KoVmo.
Vwbgr{ddmh - H$m{VH$ ew `moXercm gm`H$min`V nw`m~mhoarc ~hVoH$ gd ^$JU
_{XamV CgdmgmR>r XmIc Pmcoco AgV. p`mMr gmo` {ZdmgWmZm`m Vi_O`mda Am{U
n{h`m _O`mda Ho$cocr Ago. `mMr `dWm nmhm`mgmR>r _mocH$aUr Zo_co`m AgV. VX>dV
\$aerdarc _S>nmV CVaco`m nwfm`mgmR>r H$mhr JS>mMr Zo_UyH$ Ho$cocr Ago. AJXr gwdmVrcm
JmmMr gmo`hr Ho$cocr hmoVr naVw H$mhr ^$mH$Sy>Z `mMm dmna ZrQ>nUo hmoV Zgo hUyZ _J Km|JS>m,
MmXar, Cem, nmgmoS>m Ago gM Xo`mV òD$ cmJco. naVw Varhr `mo` VhoZo `mMm dmna hmoV Zgo
Am{U ^$JUm`m gòVhr ânya dmT> Pmcr hUyZ nwT>o òH$mZo dV:Mo AW$U AmU`mMr
nV gw$ Pmcr.
H$m{VH$ ew `moXercm gm`H$mir gmV-gmS>ogmV dmOVm Vwcgr-{ddmhmMm gmohim hmoB. Vmon`V
~mhoaJmdMo VgoM Wm{ZH$ ^$JUhr _moR>m gòZo O_m Pmcoco AgV. `m {Xder _wcm~mimZmhr
AmU`mg nadmZJr Ago. nwT>o CgdmMo VrZ {Xdg _m chmZ _wcmZm AmUy Zò Aem gyMZm
{Xco`m AgV. CgdmVrc H$m`H$_mV chmZ _wcmZm ag dmQ>V Zmhr, Vr H$Q>miVmV. nma_m{WH$
Jmo>tMo `mZm AmH$cZ ZgVo, `m_wio `mMo hmc hmoVmV. _m Vwcgr{ddmhm`m doir _wcmZm AmdOyZ
AmUco OmB. OUy EImm lr_Vm`m KaMo cH$m` Ag`mgmaIm WmQ> `m doir Ago. p`m CMr
do-mdaUo ZogyZ, XmJXm{JZo KmcyZ Amco`m AgV. nwfhr Img R>odUrVco H$nS>o KmcyZ òV.
AVanmQ>mncrH$S>o VmhZmV ~miH$UmMr _yVu KoD$Z EImXm d`godH$ C^m Ago. CM damV
_Jcm>Ho$ hQ>cr OmV. ew^_Jc gmdYmZ`m KmofmV AjVmMm dfmd hmoB. "VXod c' hmoVo Z hmoVo
EdT>mV gZB MmKS>m dmOy cmJo. eI Am{U Vmg `mMr `mcm gmW {_io Am{U gmao dmVmdaU
_Jc_` hmoD$Z OmB. gd dhmS>r _S>itZm Ama, Jwcm~, VrW-gmX, ~mmgo, cmm dmQ>`mV òV.
~m~m`m O`Vr gmoh`mMr gwdmV Aer AmZXmogdmZo hmoB Am{U nwT>rc VrZ {Xdg hm AmZX
MT>`m H$_mZo dmT>VM OmB.
Vwcgr{ddmh Pmcm H$s amr lr_hmamOmMo EH$ ^$, "X.gH$mi'Mo og \$moQ>moJm\$a lr.Zm_Omoer,
g_m{Y_{XamV EH$ ^` Am{U gwXa amJmoir H$mT>rV. lr~m~m`m _{XamOdirc AmXw~ameoOmar EH$
8 x 8 \y$Q>m`m MmH$moZmV Vo Xodm{XH$m`m gwXa {V_m amJmoirZo H$mT>rV. `m`m hVH$me`mVyZ
H$Yr ^w am_M, H$Yr dra hZw_mZ, H$Yr naewam_ Va H$Yr ^JdmZ JmonmcH$U gmH$ma hmoV. nhmQ>o
130 && MV`gy` &&
VrZ-Mma dmOon`V `mMo ho H$m_ Mmcy Ago. Cgdm`m gmJVo`m {Xder lr_hmamO `mZm emc,
lr\$i XoD$Z `mMo H$mVwH$ H$arV.
H$m{VH$ ew MVwXer - `m {Xder gH$mir gy`m}X`m`m doir dOnyOZ hmoV Ago Am{U
`mZVa gd _S>ir lr~m~m`m _{XamV EH$ òV Am{U {dS>m R>odyZ mWZm H$arV. `m doir
lr~m~mZm {Z_U dOm AmdmhZ H$a`mV òV Ago. `mMm _gwXm _moR>m d{eQ>nyU Amho.
&& lrJUoem`Z_ : &&
&& lrdm_r g_Wm` Z_: &&
"lr_V na_hg n[admOH$mMm` na_nyOZr` ^JdX> ny`nmX lr_V g{XmZXd$nr

lrgX>J
w lrdmgwXdo mZV gadVr VWm lr~m~m _hmamO gh~wo `mMo n{d MaUH$_cr
gm>mJ XS>dV Um_ H$$Z ~mcH$mMr {dkmnZm Aer H$s, _S>imZo Amncm O`Vr Cgd
H$m{VH$ ew && 14, 15 d d 1 eHo$ 1908, {XZmH$ 15.11.1986, 16.11.1986
d 17.11.1986, e{Zdma, a{ddma d gmo_dma amoOr H$a`mMo {Z{V Ho$co Amho.
gXarc ew^, _Jc g_`r ltZr Amn`m gH$c JUmgh, XodXodVmgh, F$fr_wZtgh,
gmYwgVmgh, lr_Jc_yVu {g{{dZm`H$mgh d Am{Xe$sgh H$fmZo Amnco A{Vd
H$Q> H$amdo d H$m` {Z{dZnUo nma nmSy>Z `mdo.
gdmMm gwa{jV arVrZo gm^mi H$$Z gdmH$Sy>Z Amncr VZ_ZYZmZo godm H$$Z
`mdr d gdm`m AV:H$aUmV Am_{hV{f ~wrMr oaUm H$$Z gXarc Amn`m WmZmMm
H$fmZo CH$f H$$Z `mdm Aer ~mcH$mMr {dkmnZm Amho. gd H$m`H$_ AmnU oaUm
{X`m_mUo R>a{dco AmhoV. MaUr lwV hmdo. godoer lwV hmo` hr {dkmnZm.
Amncm MaUaOm{H$V godH$ Am{U godm _S>imMr gd ^$ _S>ir.
darc nmMo dmMZ H$$Z lr~m~mZm Cgd-_S>im`m A`jm`m hVo lr\$c, {dS>m, X{jUm
R>od`mV òB. `mZVa A`jm`m dVrZo lr_hmamO CnpWV ^$mg_doV lr~m~mMr mWZm H$arV.
Cgdm`m H$mimV ^$OZmZm AmerdmX Xo`mgmR>r AmnU CnpWV amhmdo, Y_mMo ajU Am{U
CH$f hmdm, hr ^maV^y_r "gwOcm_ gw\$cm_' hmdr, gdm`m _ZmVrc Hw$~wrMm Zme hmdm,
gw~wrMm CX` hmdm, gdm`m _ZmV Ba^$s {Z_mU hmdr Aer mWZm lr~m~m`m MaUr
A`V H$iH$irZo Ho$cr Om`Mr.
O``m nd] _hmogd.. / 131
`mZVa 72 Vmgm`m AIS> Zm__aUmcm gwdmV hm`Mr. nwfdJ AmirnmirZo nmQ>mda ~gyZ
ho Zm__aU H$am`Mm Am{U `mMr gwdmV lr_hmamO dV: H$am`Mo.
Zm__aUmcm ma^ Pmcm H$s gd _S>ir gm_wXm{`H$ CnmgZogmR>r lr~m~m`m _{Xamg_moarc
_S>nm_ò O_V. VoWo AJmoXaM `dpWVnUo nmQ> _mSy>Z R>odcoco AgV. gdOU nmQ>mda ~gco H$s,
lr_hmamO "gmoh AOnmOn Mmco {ZaVa & V`mMm {dMma nmhr nmhr&&' hm da{MV A^J dV: gmJyZ
gdmH$Sy>Z hUyZ KoV. CnmgZm H$er H$amdr, gm_wXm{`H$ CnmgZoMo H$m` \$m`Xo AmhoV `m{df`r
lr_hmamO WmoS>`mV {ddoMZ H$arV Am{U _J AmR> dmOon`V hr gm_wXm{`H$ mWZm Mmco. AmR>
dmOVm lr~m~m`m _{XamV cKw ma^ hmoB. AmR> Vo ZD$ dmOon`V dMZmMmhr H$m`H$_ Ago.
`mZVa `mhmar Am{U Mhm Xo`mV òV Ago. `mhmarZVa kmZoar AmXr gX>JWmMo dmMZ H$a`mV
òB. `mZVa Xwnmar _hmgmX hmoB Am{U ZVa WmoS>r {dlmVr KoD$Z gm`H$mir CnpWV ^$JUmnH$s
EImm ^$mMo dMZ qH$dm H$sVZ hmoB. `mZVa gm`H$mir ghm-gmS>oghmMo Xa`mZ nmcIr
gmoh`mcm gwdmV hmoB.
nmcIr gmohim - lr~m~mMr nmcIr gOdyZ lr~m~m`m g_m{Y_{Xamg_moa AJUmV gVaOrda
gm`H$mir AmaVr gw$ hmo`mnydu AmUyZ R>odcr OmB Am{U AmaVrcm ma^ hmoB. {Z`H$_m_mUo
Ama`m gw$ H$$Z lrgX>Jw$ ~rS>H$a _hmamOmMr AmaVr Pmcr H$s _hmamO Am{U H$mhr d`godH$
Jm^m`mnmer òV. d`godH$ W_ lrdm_r g_WmMr, ZVa lr~rS>H$a _hmamOmMr Am{U ZVa
lr~m~mMr _yVu CMcyZ KoV. `m doir C damV lr~m~mMm O`Kmof H$a`mV òB. AJ^mJr
lr_hmamO Am{U _XJ dmXH$, "AmKmS>r Mco am_am`m & {nN>mS>r gVZH$s \$mOm&&' Agm JOa H$arV
_{Xam~mhoa ò`mgmR>r {ZKV. `m`m_mJyZ d`godH$ _yVu KoD$Z Am{U ^$JU Q>mimMm c`~
ZmX H$arV nmcIrOdi òV. gdW_ lr~m~mMr _yVu nmcIrV R>od`mV òB Am{U `mZm g_wI
Xwg`m Xmohr _yVu R>od`mV òV. _`^mJr lr\$i R>od`mV òB. _yVu `dpWVar`m R>od`mV
Am`m AmhoV, `mMo hma, {H$arQ>-Hw$S>co, eoco gmao `dpWV Amho, `mMr lr_hmamO ZrQ> Imr
H$arV Am{U lr~m~mMm OÒ`H$ma H$$Z nmcIr CMc`mgmR>r dV: hmV^ma cmdrV AgV.
lr_hmamO "H$$ W_ Z_Z & dXy Xod JOmZZ &&' `m lrJUam`m`m Z_ZmZo X{jUocm gwdmV
H$arV. `mZVa "$n ho gwXa {Xgo _Zmoha' hm lrdm_r g_Wm`m "$nm'Mm A^J hmoB. Xmohr ~mOyg
XmoZ _XJ dmXH$, _mJo drUoH$ar ^$ Am{U _ò hmVr Q>mi, H$nmir A{~amMm {Q>im, AmZXmZo
\w$ccocm Moham, Ago ÔZmZXmV aJyZ Jococo lr_hmamO nmhZ ^$ JUmZm "cmd`mMm Jm^m dm_r
_mPm C^m&' `m AmoitMrM {MVr `m`Mr.
`m A^JmZVa "lrdm_r g_W O` O` dm_r g_W' `m JOamV nmcIr VwierdXmdZmnmer
òV Ago Am{U VoWo XodrMr AmaVr hmoV Ago. `mZVa lr~m~m`m _{XamH$S>o g_wI hmoD$Z lreH$amMr
132 && MV`gy` &&
AmaVr hm`Mr. `mZVa lr_hmamO, H$mhr Q>miH$ar, drUoH$ar, _XJdmXH$ Am{U AmaVrMo V~H$
hmVr KoVcoco JwOr Ago gd AmXw~amOdi òD$Z VoWo lrXmmo` Am{U lrhZw_mZ `mMr AmaVr
hUV, AmaVrMo V~H$ _{XamV ZoD$Z R>odco OmB Am{U nmcIr X{jUm nwT>o gw$ hmoB. dm{_Zm_m`m
JOamV nmcIr _{Xam`m {nN>mS>rcm Am`mda VoWo "VrZ {eao ghm hmV' hm lrXmmo`mMo $n dUZ
H$aUmam A^J hQ>cm OmB.
`mZVa nmcIr _{Xam`m S>m`m ~mOyg \$aer`m AJUmV òD$Z Wm~o Am{U VoWo lr_hmamO
{Z$nU H$arV AgV. `m doir _{XamMo doema n{_m{^_wI hmoVo ho bjmV KoVm ho {Z$nU AmO
OoWo _moR>m nm`mMm hmX Am{U hmVnm` Yw`mMr OmJm Amho `m ~mOyg hmoV hmoVo.
ho {Z$nU hUOo EH$ gnyU H$sVZM Ago Am{U Vo X{jUm _mJmda hmoV Ag`m_wio, XmoZXmoZ
Vmg Cô amhZM lmo`mZm Vo EoH$mdo cmJo. `m_wio H$mhr OU WmoS>o ~mOycm OmD$Z WmoS>mdoi H$moR>oVar
~g`mMr gYr emoYrV AgV. lr_hmamOmZm Agm AJMmoanUm AmdS>V Zgo. hUyZ Vo {Z$nU gw$
H$a`mnydu ""H$m` ? {Z$nU H$am`M Zm ? nU Vwhr gdOU eodQ>n`V Wm~Uma AmhmV Zm ?'' dJao
lmo`mZm {dMm$Z, `mMr H$~wcr KoD$ZM {Z$nU gw$ H$arV.
"Xodm{Mò mar C^m jUâr' qH$dm "ho{M Wmoa ^$s AmdS>Vo Xodm' `m nH$s EImXm A^J
{Z$nUmgmR>r KoD$Z lr_hmamO Amn`m agmi dmUrZo, `dhmamVrc gmYo gmono XmIco XoV, doJdoJ`m
gV H$dtMr H$mò, A^J, gH$V dMZo, Amo`m, Am`m `mMo gX^ XoV, lmo`mZm {Z$nUm`m
AmoKmV XmoZXmoZ Vmg Xoh^mZ {dgam`cm cmdm`Mo. Iao Va Vo EH$ H$Q> qMVZ Agm`Mo. EH$m
{df`md$Z Xwg`m {df`mda, EH$m _mUmVyZ Xwg`m _mUmda Agm lr_hmamOmMm crc`m gMma
Mmcy Agm`Mm. {Z$nUm`m AmoKmV lr_hmamO âmâ da{MV eoH$S>mo Amo`m d A^J AJXr
C\y$VnUo lmo`mZm EoH$drV AgV. `m H$mir dZr_wUmMr \$maer gmo` Zg`m_wio H$sVZm`m
doir lr_hmamOmZm \w$acoco ~aoMgo H$m` AmO CncY Zmhr. A`Wm Vmo ^$JUmgmR>r EH$
A_y` R>odm R>acm AgVm.
{Z$nU nyU Pm`mda X{jUm nwT>o gw$ hmoB Am{U lr~m~m`m _{Xamg_moa Am`mda "_mJUo ho
_mPo dm_r VwOnmer' hm A^J hU`mV òB. Xwg`m \o$arMr gwdmV "dm_r A$cH$moQ> dmco &
ÔZm_ò XJ Pmco&&' `m JOamZo hmoB. `mZVa dmaH$ar _S>ir Am{U ^$m_Yrc A` H$mhr
OUmZm lr_hmamO A^J hU`mg gmJV AgV.
Xmohr X{jUm`m doir _{Xamg_moa AJUmV [aJU Y$Z ^$_S>ir ZmMV AgV. lr_hmamOhr
`m doir AJXr Xoh^mZ {dg$Z ZmMV AgV. CM AmdmOmV hQ>co`m JOamZr, Q>mim`m
IUIUmQ>mZo, _XJm`m S>mcXma c`rZo Ajae: AmZXmMm H$moi hm`Mm. "~mZXr cmJcr
Q>mir & H$moU XohmVo gm^mir &&' Aer gdmMr AdWm hm`Mr. Wi H$mimMo ^mZ hanyZ Om`Mo.
O``m nd] _hmogd.. / 133
`m_wioM `m VrZ X{jUm gnon`V amrMo EH$-XmoZ dmOcoco AgV.

{Vg`m X{jUoMr gwdmV "Jw$ _hmamO Jw$ O` O` na~ gX>Jw$' `m JOamZo hmoD$Z ZVa
"JmiUr' JmB`m OmV. "dXmdZr doUy' hr lr_hmamOmMr AmdS>Vr JmiU h_Img hQ>cr Om`Mr.
"_moJam \w$ccm' hm A^J `m X{jUo`m doir lr_hmamO dV: hUV AgV. lr_hmamO hm A^J
A`V aJyZ OmD$Z hUV AgV. `m A^JmMr JmoS>r AdrQ> hmoVr. `mZVa ""H$nmiy gmZ Vwhr
gVOZ'' hm H$nmgmXm`m _mJUrMm A^J hQ>cm OmB. hm A^J JmVmZm VrZ hmoD$Z lr_hmamO
EH$m {d{e> OmJr, dV:^modVr EH$ gwaoI {JaH$s KoV AgV. Vr `mMr {JaH$s nmhmUo _moR>o cmo^gdmUo
` Ago. `mZVa nmcIr _{Xamg_moa òD$Z {Vgar X{jUm nyU hmoB. VoWo "ho{M XmZ XoJm Xodm'
Am{U "Amhr AnamYr AnamYr' ho A^J hQ>co OmV. "am_Xmg cmoQ>mJUr' hm eodQ>Mm MaU hUyZ
lr_hmamO lr~m~mZm gm>mJ XS>dV KmcrV AgV. `m doir ^$_S>ir `mMr MaUYyi H$nmir
cmdyZ H$VmW hmoV AgV.
ZVa lr~m~m`m OÒ`H$mamV nmcIr _{Xamg_moa AWaco`m gVaOrda R>od`mV òB. `m
doir lr_hmamO nmcIrcm dV: hmV cmdyZ Vr R>od`mg _XV H$arV. _J nwhm n{h`mM H$_mZo
d`godH$ nmcIrVyZ H$miOrnydH$ _yVu CMcyZ KoV. "Km{cVr nIm dmam, h[a Vwhr Mcm hmo _{Xam'
hm JOa hUV lr_hmamO _{XamV doe H$arV. `m`m_mJyZ _yVu Am{U ZVa gd ^$_S>ir hm
JOa AJXr Vma gH$mV Kw_drV _{XamV òV AgV. A`V wV c`rV hQ>cocm hm JOa, Q>mi,
_XJmMm IUIUmQ> `m_wio gmao _{Xa Xw_Xw_yZ OmV Ago.
_J gW c`rV lr~m~mMr AmaVr, _nwn, Vmoo, A>Ho$ `WmgmJ hQ>cr Om`Mr Am{U ZVa
ZmMyZ-ZmMyZ WH$coco naVw Varhr gmV-AmR> Vmg ÔZmZXmV aJyZ Jococo ^$JU g _ZmZo
_hmgmX JhU H$arV Vohm amrMo XrS>-XmoZ dmOcoco AgV.
{nwar nm{U_m - H$m{VH$ nm{U_m hm lr~m~mMm O_{Xdg. `m {Xderhr AmX`m
{Xdgm_mUoM gm_wXm{`H$ CnmgZm, cKw$ VgoM gX>JWdmMZ hmoV Ago. `mZVa gH$mir gmS>oXhmAH$am`m gw_mamg lr_hmamO O_mogdm`m H$sVZmcm AJaIm, \o$Q>m, CnaUo Aem dofmV Cô
amhmV. V~`m`m gmWrcm lr.h.H$.KmQ>o AgV. Va noQ>rMr gmW lr.H$merZmW~wdm ^mogco H$arV
AgV.
H$merZmW~wdm ^mogco gw_mao Mmirg-~oMmirg dfmnydu EH$Xm AJXr ghO g_m{Y_{XamV
{_m~amo~a Amco hmoVo. `m {Xder lr~m~mMr nw`{VWr hmoVr. lr_hmamOmMo Zoh_rMo noQ>rdmco gmWrXma
`m {Xder Amco ZhVo `m_wio lr_hmamOmZm H$sVZm`m doir H$moUr gmW H$am`Mr hm M hmoVm.
H$merZmW~wdm`m {_mZo lr_hmamOmZm H$merZmW~wdmMo Zmd gwM{dco. ~wdmZr Cm_ gmW Ho$cr.
lr_hmamOmZr H$sVZ gn`mda ~wdmMr AmWodmBH$nUo MmH$er Ho$cr Am{U VohmnmgyZ AmOn`V
134 && MV`gy` &&
H$merZmW~wdmZr _{XamMr gmW gmoS>cocr Zmhr. AZoH$ df} lr_hmamOmZm H$sVZm`m doir gmW
H$aUm`m ^mogco~wdmZr lr_hmamOmMo {dMmaYZ H$UmH$UmZo Jmoim Ho$co. lr_hmamOm`m XrK ghdmgmV
"H$m`m, dmMm, _Zo' AmnU ~XcyZ Jocmo Ago lr.^mogco~wdm gmJVmV. Jocr gmoim-gVam df} {dZm`H$s
MVwWu`m amr ^mogco~wdm lr~m~m`m _{XamV dmaH$arnVrZo H$sVZgodm H$arV AmhoV. Aem VhoZo
lr_hmamO EH$EH$ _mUyg lr~m~m`m _{XamV Jmoim H$arV hmoVo. `m`m_ò Am_{dmg {Z_mU
H$arV hmoVo. `m`m H$cmJwUmZm dmd XoV hmoVo Am{U `mMo OrdZ COiyZ Q>mH$V hmoVo. H$sVZm`m doir
lr_hmamOmMo _mJo YaH$ar hUyZ lr.Xr.Zm.~mUmdcr Am{U lr.{dZmW {_amer Cô AgV.
O`Vr`m H$sVZm`m doir nmiUm \w$cmZr gOdyZ R>odcocm Ago. Xwnmar R>r>H$ 1 dmOyZ 23
{_{ZQ>mZr lr~m~mMm O_ gmOam hmoV Ago. Img `m gJmgmR>r V`ma Ho$cocm lr~m~mMm EH$
MmXrMm _wIdQ>m aoe_r Hw$MrV cnoQy>Z g_moa nmQ>mda R>odcocm Ago. O_-KQ>r`m jUr ""Jw$
_hmamO Jw$$O` O` na~ gX>Jw$&'' `m JOamMm Kmof H$arV lr_hmamO `mda JwcmcM{MV
eodVrMr \w$co dmhmV AgV. Vmg, KQ>m, eI, gZB-MmKS>m `m`m ZmXmZo Amg_V ^$Z OmB.
O_mZVa lr~m~mZm _mS>rda KoD$Z Jwcm~ nm`mZo ZmZ KmVco OmV Ago. lr_hmamO `m doir
hmUrMo nX hUV. `mZVa lr~m~mZm Ama dJao cmdyZ aoe_r dmV JwS>miyZ nmi`mV Kmc`mV
òB. lr_hmamO "nmiUm' JmD$Z lr~m~mZm hiwdma PmoHo$ XoV AgV. `mZVa CnpWV gdmZm
~g`mOmJr lr~m~mMo XeZ {Xco OmB. gd r-nwfmZm XeZ {_ion`V XwnmaMo VrZ dmOV AgV.
XeZ Mmcy AgVmZm CnpWV dmaH$ar _S>ir ÔZo JmV AgV. XeZmMm H$m`H$_ Pm`mda _hmgmX
hmoB.
gm`H$mir AmaVr Pm`mda {nwanyOZmMm H$m`H$_ gw$ hmoB. {nwamgya `m amjgmMm `m {Xder
dY Pmcm hmoVm, Vmo AmZXmogd hUOo {nwar nm{U_oMm Cgd. lr~m~m`m _{Xamg_moa _S>nmV
Xrn_mi V`ma H$$Z `mda nU`mMr Amamg Ho$cr OmB. do._y.go JwOr nyOm gmJV Am{U EImXm
^$ {nwanyOZmcm ~gV Ago. XyY-gmIaoMm Zdo XmIdyZ {nwa nmOicm OmV Ago. EImm doir
MVwXer d nm{U_m EH$mM {Xder Am`mg MVwXer`m {Xder {nwanyOZ H$a`mV òD$Z, lr~m~mMm
O_mogd Xwg`m {Xder gmOam H$a`mV òB. {nwanyOZmZVa nmcIr gmohim hmoB. _m `m gmoh`mMo
d{eQ> hUOo `m doir _{XaAmdmam`m ~mhoarc a`md$Z dmOV-JmOV _moR>m OmofmV
{_adUwH$sVyZ nmcIr {_adrV ZoV EH$ X{jUm Kmc`mV òV Ago. Zoh_r`mM nVrZo _{Xam^modVmcr
EH$ X{jUm Pmcr H$s Xwgar X{jUm _{Xam`m Amdmam~mhoarc a`md$Z Kmc`mgmR>r nmcIr,
_{Xam`m doemamVyZ ~mhoa a`mda òB.
`m X{jUogmR>r A{Ve` XjVoZo gd V`mar Ho$cocr Ago. {_adUyH$ gmdO{ZH$ a`md$Z
OmUma Ag`m_wio nmo{cgIm`mMr arVga nadmZJr H$mT>cocr Ago. `m{edm` {_adUwH$s~amo~a
O``m nd] _hmogd.. / 135
EH$ g~-BnoQ>a, EH$ hoS>H$mQ>o~c Am{U ~mam nmocrg Agm nmocrg ~Xmo~V arVga \$s ^$Z
R>odcocm Ago. drO nwadR>mda lr_hmamO H$Yrhr âdgm R>odyZ amhmV ZgV. `m_wio lr.Hw$cH$Uu
Jg~mrdmco `mMr 35-40 _mUgo Jg~`m S>mo`mda KoD$Z {_adUwH$sgmo~V MmcV AgV. AWmV
`m_wio {_adUwH$sMr emo^m dmT>V Ago. {edm` Xj d`godH$mMr \$mO {_adUwH$sgmo~V MmcV
Ago. Varhr nmcIr a`mda ò`mnydu lr_hmamO dV: XmoZXmoZXm a`mMr, dmhVwH$sMr nmhmUr
H$arV AgV. R>a`m_mUo gd H$mhr hmoV Amho `mMr Imr H$$Z KoV.
Xwg`m X{jUogmR>r nmcIr _w` doemamnmer Amcr H$s H$mhr d`godH$ Am{U ~Xmo~VmMo
nmocrg a`mdarc dmhVyH$ amoIyZ YarV Am{U hiyhiy {_adUyH$ _mJW hmoB. {_adUwH$s`m AJ^mJr
~cJmS>rV MmKS>m PS>V Ago Am{U qeJr Amnco MH$MH$sV {nVir qeJ ~m~XmanUo Cô amhZ
dmadma \w$Hy$Z lr~m~m`m AmJ_ZmMr mhr {\$adrV Ago. `m nmR>monmR> lr~m~m _hmamOmMm ^Jdm
OarnQ>H$m dO KoD$Z lr.Cdamd ImS>oH$a Mmccoco AgV. {YnmS>, ncdmZr eara`>r, ~m~Xma
\o$Q>m Am{U hmVmV dO VmocyZ Am_{dmgnydH$ nmdco Q>mH$`mMr T>~, `m_wio lr.Cdamdmda
gdm`m ZOam {IiyZ amhm``m.
ho Cdamd ImS>oH$a EH$Xm J^ra AmOmar hmoVo. lr_hmamO `mZm ôQ>`mgmR>r Umc`mV Joco
hmoVo. lr_hmamO `mZm hUmco, ""Cdamd, lr~m~mMm P|S>m Vwhmcm AOyZ ~arM df} ZmMdm`Mm
Amho !'' CdamdmMr lr_hmamOmda {Zgr_ ^$s Am{U nyU {dmg hmoVm. lr_hmamOm`m `m
eXmZr OmXy Ho$cr. Cdamdm`m _ZmVrc {^Vr {ZKyZ Jocr. Am_{dmg dmQy> cmJcm Am{U Vo
IS>IS>rV ~ao Pmco. lr_hmamOm`m AmerdmXm_mUo nwT>o AZoH$ df} lr~m~mMm P|S>m ZmMdyZ AIoarg
85 `m dfu `mZr BhcmoH$ gmoS>cm.
OarnQ>`m_mJo A~XmJra, J$S>-hZw_V, M-gy`, dO-nVmH$m `mgh Q>mi _XJm`m Vmcmda
ÔZo JmV, ZmMV Mmccocr qXS>r Ago. `m_mJo lr~m~mMr nmcIr Ago. Oar {H$ZImnmMr qnOar,
da H$ig, AmV_ò aoe_r Jm|S>o qhXH$iV AmhoV, `mKmOrZmda _I_cr cmoS>-{Jam AmhoV Am{U
`mda lrgX>Jw$ ~m~mMr gm{Oar _yVu _VH$s _wHw$Q>, H$mZr Hw$S>co, AJm-Immda eoco, gwJYr
nwnhma Aer Cm_ VhoZo eJm$Z R>odcocr Amho; nmcIrVM g_moa, VodT>mM Cm_ VhoZo gO{dco`m,
lrdm_r g_W Am{U lrgX>Jw$ ~rS>H$a _hmamO `m`m _yVu {damO_mZ AmhoV; lr~m~mZm n`mZo
hcH$m dmam Kmc`mV òV Amho; PwnHo$Xma Mdar T>micr OmV Amho; nmcIrda N>-Mm_ao Yacocr
AmhoV, $noar JwP~ Immcm AS>H$dyZ ^mcXma-MmonXma nmcIr`m XwV\$m Mmcco AmhoV Ago Vo
gmao ` ZomMo nmaUo \o$S>Umao Ago. nmcIr^modVr ^$_S>ir ÔZo JmV, ZmMV, JOa H$arV
Mmccocr Ago. `m`m_mJyZ rdJ nman[aH$ dofm_ò Zm__aU H$arV Mmccocm Ago.
gnyU _mJmda ^wBZ`mMr AmVf~mOr Ho$cr OmV Ago. 25-30 \y$Q> CM PonmdUmar H$memMr
136 && MV`gy` &&
H$maOr gmam Amg_V COiyZ Q>mH$sV. \$Q>m`mMo _moR>_moR>o ga \$moS>`mV òV. doJdoJ`m H$maMr
AmVf~mOr Mmcy Ago. ho emoô`m XmH$m_mMo Z_wZo lr_hmamOmZr AmYr `j nmhZ, nmaIyZ
KoVcoco AgV. `m_Yrc g^m` YmoHo$ cjmV KoD$Z, lr_hmamO gmdYnUo ho Z_wZo {ZdS>rV. ho
\$Q>mHo$ e{Zdma noR>oVrc lr.MXw^mB nwadm`Mo Am{U `mMm EH$ _mUyghr nmcIr~amo~a AmVf~mOrgmR>r
VZmV Ago. ^wBZio CS>{d`mgmR>r {ZdS>H$ d`godH$ AmYrM {Z{V Ho$coco AgV. {edm` `m`mda
{ZÙ Am{U XoIaoIrgmR>r lr.eaX go Am{U lr._mYdamd _moKo ho Img Zo_coco AgV. gd
\$Q>mHo$ H$mhr ^$m`m JmS>m_ò ^$Z, `m JmS>m {_adUwH$s`m nwT>o gwa{jV AVamda AgV.
`m JmS>m_ò ~gyZ H$mhr d _S>irhr X{jUm nyU H$arV Am{U H$mhr chmZ _wcho r JmS>rV ~g`mMr
hmg ^mJdyZ KoV.
nmcIr _{Xamg_mo$Z {ZKmcr H$s CO`m ~mOyg diyZ "Xrn ~Jcm' MmH$mH$S>o {ZKo. dmQ>oV
dS>madmS>rMr dVr cmJo, VoWo AZoH$ _{hcm nm`m`m â`m KmJar KoD$Z gm AgV. nmcIr`m
_mJmda nmcIrg_moa `m Amn`m KmJar [aH$m`m H$arV. nmcIrMm _mJ dN> hmdm Aer `mMr
lm Ago. `mZm gmIa\w$Q>m`mMm gmX dmQ>`mV òB Am{U nmcIr "Xrn ~Jcm' MmH$mV òB. `m
MmH$mV EH$ Zmai _yVvd$Z AmodmiyZ \$moSy>Z Q>mH$cm OmB. VoWo EImXm A^J hQ>cm OmB. VoWyZ
nmcIr _mS>oc H$mcZr`m WmoamV MmH$mH$S>o òB, Vohm Xwgam Zmai AmodmiyZ \$moSy>Z Q>mH$cm OmB.
nwT>o OJVmn MmH$ Am{U kmZoa nmXwH$m MmH$mVhr Zmai AmodmiyZ \$moSy>Z Q>mH$cm OmB. `m gd
_mJmda H$mhr gwdm{gZr lt`m _yVvZm AmjU H$arV AgV.
nydu kmZoa nmXwH$m MmH$mV nmcIr Amcr H$s lr_hmamO H$mhr _S>itZm ~amo~a KoD$Z lrkmZoa
_{XamV OmD$Z AmaVr H$arV AgV. hm AmaVrMm KmV AZoH$ df} Mmcy hmoVm. naVw lrkmZoa
_{XamVrc H$mhr `$sZr EH$Xm lr_hmamOmH$S>o lr~m~m`m [aH$m`m nmcIrMr `m`m H$m`H$_mgmR>r
_mJUr Ho$cr. _{XamVrc H$moUVrhr dVy ~mhoa Xo`mMr nV Zg`m_wio lr_hmamOmZr `mg ZH$ma
{Xcm. `m_wio `m `$s amJmd`m Am{U `mdfu lr~m~mMr nmcIr _{Xamnmer Amcr Vohm
XadmOmcm Hw$cyn cmdcoco hmoVo. dmV{dH$ lrkmZoa _{Xa ho Mmodrg Vmg CKS>oM AgVo. `m
H$mamZVa _m AmVm nmcIr VoWo Z Wm~Vm WoQ> g_m{Y_{Xamnmer òVo.
nmcIr g_m{Y_{Xamnmer ò`mnydu nmM-Xhm {_{ZQ>o AJmoXa nwT>o òD$Z _{XamVrc gd V`mar
`dpWV Pmcr Amho, `mMr lr_hmamO dV: Imr H$aV. nmcIr _{Xamg_moa Amcr H$s gmo~VMr
qXS>r, _{hcmdJ Am{U BVa _S>ir W_ AmV òD$Z hmV-nm` YwD$Z _{Xamg_moa Wm~V Am{U _J
nmcIr _{XamV doe H$ar. `m doir nmcIr`m Iwamda Am{U Vr CMcyZ KoVco`m ^$m`m
nm`mda XyY d nmUr KmVco OmB. lt`m _yVvd$Z Xhr^mV CVadyZ Vmo ~mhoa ZoD$Z Xyada R>odcm OmB.
EH$ Zmai AmodmiyZ ~mhoa ZoD$Z \$moSy>Z Q>mH$cm OmB. `mZVa ZD$dmar gmS>r Zogco`m, ZmH$mV ZW
O``m nd] _hmogd.. / 137
`m`co`m, nmM gwdm{gZr ltZm AmodmirV AgV Am{U nmcIr _{Xamg_moa òD$Z Xwgar X{jUm
nyU hmoB. `mZVa {Vgar X{jUm nyU H$$Z AmaVr _nwn AmXr `dpWVar`m nyU H$$Z _J hm gmohim
nyU hmoB.
AmaVrZVa {_adUwH$sV Amco`m ~mrdm`m H$m_JmamZm gmX XoD$Z ~moidU Ho$cr OmB. VgoM
nmo{cgmZmhr gd ^$ _S>itgmo~V _hmgmX {Xcm OmB.
_{Xam~mho$Z H$mT>`mV òUmar hr ^` {_adUyH$ hm `m CgdmVrc EH$ A`V _hdmMm
H$m`H$_ AgVmo. Vmo gnyUnUo èdr H$a`mgmR>r AMyH$ {Z`moOZ Am{U Xya>rMr Amd`H$Vm
AgVo. H$moU`mhr H$maMm A{` gJ KSy>Z {_adUwH$sg Jmc~moQ> cmJy Zò hUyZ gd H$ma`m
e`Vm cjmV KoD$Z g^m` AS>MUtMo {ZdmaU H$a`mgmR>r gmVm Agmdr cmJVo. Aer gmVm
Am{U {Z`moOZ ho lr_hmamOmMo gdmV _moR>o d{eQ> hmoVo, `m_wio {_adUyH$ Zoh_rM OmofmV Am{U
AmZXmV nma nS>V Amcr Amho. Oohm _moR>m g_wXm` EH$ òVmo `m doir "{eV' A`V Amd`H$
AgVo. hr "{eV' OohmHo$hm _mUyg W_ lr~m~m`m _{XamV òVmo VohmnmgyZM {eH${dcr OmVo.
Varhr {_adUwH$sVrc ^$OZmMo dVZ {eV~ amhrc `mH$S>o lr_hmamOmMo ~maH$mBZo cj Agm`Mo.
d`godH$m`mH$adr hr {eV H$mQ>oH$moanUo nmicr Om`Mr. `m_wio _mJmdarc cmoH$ Aer {eV~
{_adUyH$ nmhZ AmZ{XV hm`Mo; W$ hm`Mo, {VMr Vmar\$ H$am`Mo.
{Z`moOZ, {eV `m Jmo>r Ag`m Varhr H$mhr doim hdm_mZmgma`m ~oâder Jmo>t_wio H$m`H$_mMm
nyUnUo \$mm CSy> eH$Vmo. 1978 gmcr lr~m~m`m O`Vr`m {Xder gH$minmgyZM Am^mi ^$Z
Amcoco hmoVo. Xwnmar _hmgmX Pm`mda Va {dOm M_Hy$ cmJ`m. _oKJOZm gw$ Pm`m. naVw
_{XamVrc H$m`H$_ Zoh_r_mUoM Mmcy hmoVo. nmcIr X{jUoMr V`mar gw$M hmoVr. `m V`mar~amo~aM,
N>`m, Km|JS>m, cpQ>H$Mr _moR>m AmH$mamMr AmdaUo Ago gm{h` Jmoim H$a`mMr gyMZm
lr_hmamOmZr Ho$cr. {Z`mo{OV H$m`H$_m_mUo nmcIr X{jUogmR>r _{Xam~mhoa nS>cr Am{U {Y`m
JVrZo _mJH$_U H$$ cmJcr. nmD$g H$moU`mhr jUr gw$ hmoBc Ago dmQ>V hmoVo. _m gnyU
X{jUm _mJmda H$moR>ohr nmdgmMm EH$ W|~ nS>cm Zmhr Am{U nmcIr _{XamV `dpWV naVcr.
`mM doir X{jUm _mJmMm n[aga gmoS>`mg BVa YmoYmo d>r hmoV hmoVr. lr_hmamOm`m gX>Jw {Z>c
o m,
T>{Z`mcm Am{U gm_`mcm `m {Xder {ZgJmZo Amn`m nVrZo _mZdXZmM {Xcr.
gZ 1984 `m O`Vr Cgdm`m AmYr H$mhr {Xdg lr_Vr B{Xam JmYr `mMr h`m Pmcocr
hmoVr. `m_wio lr_hmamOmZr ~mhoarc nmcIr X{jUm, gd nyd V`mar nyU Pmcocr AgyZhr a
Ho$cr. `m {ZU`m_ò Zoh_r`m gmdYnUmnojm qH$dm gmdYnUm~amo~aM lr_Vr B{Xam JmYr~amo~a
Agco`m ZohnyU n[aM`mMm ^mJ A{YH$ Agmdm Ago dmQ>Vo. lr_Vr JmYt~c `m`m _ZmV
__d hmoVo. ^{d`mV òD$ KmVco`m ^rfU gH$Q>m{df`r gmdY{JarMm Bemamhr `mZr `mZm {Xcm
138 && MV`gy` &&
hmoVm. naVw Varhr hmd`mMo Vo hmoD$Z Joco hmoVo. g_mO_ZmMo ^mZ R>odyZ lr_hmamOmZr `m dfu
{_adUyH$ a Ho$cr Am{U lr_Vr JmYt`m H$m`mcm AmXamOcr dm{hcr.
gdgmYmaUnUo Xwg`m {Xdgm`m H$m`H$_mMr gmJVm hm`cm nhmQ>oMo VrZ dmOcoco AgV.
lr~m~m`m O`Vr`m `m {Xder lr_hmamO gnyU {Xdg Cndmg H$arV AgV, Vmohr AJXr H$S>H$S>rV
nyUnUo {Zamhmar Cndmg.
H$m{VH$ d {VnXm - Cgdm`m `m AIoa`m {Xder _mJrc XmoZ {Xdgm_mUoM gH$mir
gm_wXm{`H$ CnmgZm, cKw, Mhm-`mhmar, gX>JWdmMZ Am{U Xwnmar _hmgmX Ago H$m`H$_
hmoV. _hmgmXmZVa _{XamV "lt'g_moa _OmJa hmoV Ago. `mM doir _S>nmV d$d nYmhr hmoV
Ago. `m nY}cm d`mMr AQ> Zgo. {df` Am``m doir Omhra Ho$cm OmB Am{U Vmo Am`mp_H$ qH$dm
Ym{_H$ d$nmMm Ago. `m nY}ZVa ~jrg g_ma^ hmoB Am{U `m doir nY}Mm {ZH$mc Omhra
hmoB.
~jrg g_ma^ - chmZ _wcm_ò nmR>mVa Am{U {Z` CnmgZoMr AmdS> {Z_mU hmdr,
{dMmagaUr gdm hmdr, dmr gmpdH$ hmdr `mgmR>r lr_hmamOmZr nmR>mVa nYm gw$ Ho$cr.
Jwnm{U_ocm _w~B Am{U nw`mVrc WmZmV \$cH$mda `m nY}Mo {Z`_-AQ>r, doi, {df`, OmJm
Aer gd _m{hVr cmd`mV òV Ago. nYm nwUo, _w~B Am{U ~S>moXo Aem VrZ {R>H$mUr KoVcr OmB.
{Xdmir Vo lr~m~mMr O`Vr `m Xa`mZ Vr KoVcr OmB. d`mo_mZm_mUo JQ> H$$Z lr_ZmMo cmoH$,
^JdX>JrVoMo A`m`, nd_mZ Ago {df` nmR>mVamgmR>r {Xco OmV. narjH$ hUyZ do._y.go JwOr,
lr.~m~m Q>|~o, lr.{dZmW {_amer Aem cmoH$mda O~m~Xmar gmon{d`mV Amcocr Ago. `m nY}Mm
{ZH$mc ~jrg g_ma^m`m doir Omhra Ho$cm OmV Ago.
~jrg g_ma^, lr~m~mMo _{Xa Am{U nm`mMr Q>mH$s `m _Y`m ^mJmV hmoB. _w` ~R>H$sda
lr_hmamO Am{U `m`mg_doV S>m.lr.X.Omoer, lr.dmcmdcH$agmho~, lr.~mUmdcr `m`mgmaIr
_m`da _S>ir AgV.
nY}Vrc {dOo`mMr Zmdo nwH$maVmM W_ Vo _{XamV OmD$Z lr~m~mZm Z_H$ma H$$Z òV Am{U
ZVa lr_hmamO Am{U A` _m`damZm Z_H$ma H$$Z ~jrg drH$marV. ~{jgmMo dmQ>n Pmco H$s,
_m`da cmoH$ Amnco _mJXeZna {dMma _mS>rV AgV Am{U eodQ>r dV: lr_hmamO Amnco _ZmoJV
lmo`mnwT>o _mS>r>V AgV. `mV m_w`mZo A{YH$m{YH$ _wcmZr `m nYmVyZ ^mJ `mdm hUyZ AmdmhZ
Ho$coco Ago. EImm dfu nYH$mMr g`m H$_r Agcr Va ^$mMr H$S>H$ eXmV H$mZCKS>Ur hmoB.
lr_hmamO hUV H$s doX{dm Am{U Ym{_H$ dmL>_` `mMr AmO Cnojm hmoV Amho. naVw `mM Jmo>r
g_mOmMo ~moYZ H$aVmV. gVdmL>_`mZoM g_mO gwgH$V hmoVmo. hUyZ chmZ d`mVM `mMr JmoS>r
cmdcr nm{hOo.
O``m nd] _hmogd.. / 139
hm ~jrg g_ma^ gmYmaUnUo amr AmR> dmOon`V Mmcm`Mm. `mZVa _{XamV AmaVr hmoD$Z
nmcIr gmohim gw$ hmoB. nmcIr`m VrZ X{jUm nyU hmoV. `mZVa _hmgmX hmoB Am{U lr_hmamO
cirVm`m H$sVZmcm ma^ H$arV, Vohm amrMo VrZ dmOcoco AgV.
cirVmMo H$sVZ hUOo CgdmMr gmJVm. `m H$sVZm`m AIoarg gdmZm VrW-gmX {X`mZVa
CgdmMr g_mr hmoVo. AmYr Zoh_r_mUoM nydaJ hmoB. nydaJmV lr_hmamO KoVco`m A^JmMo EdT>o
{dVV {Z$nU H$arV H$s EH$m H$sVZmV EH$m A^JmMo {Z$nU nyU Pmco Ago H$Yr hmoV Zgo. `m_wio
nydu`m H$sVZmV {Z$nUmcm KoVcocm A^JM nwhm KoD$Z lr_hmamO nwT>rc ^mJmMo {dVmamZo
{Z$nU H$arV AgV. H$mhr doim Am`mZ{df`hr AgmM Anwam am{hcocm Ago Vmo nwT>rc H$sVZm`m
doir nyU Ho$cm OmB. lr_hmamOmMo {Z$nU Mmcy AgVmZm lr_hmamO _w` {df`m`m AZwfJmZo
EdT>r _mUo XoV, EdT>o >mV XoV, doJdoJ`m gV H$dtMr H$mò, gH$V cmoH$, gw^m{fVo EdT>r
EoH$drV H$s `mMr Vr {Z$nUo EoH$`mgmR>r OrdmMo H$mZ H$amdoV. naVw H$sVZ amr Iyn C[eam Mmcy
hm`Mo Am{U `m AmYr nmcIr X{jUoV ânya ZmMyZZmMyZ lmoVdJ WHy$Z Jococm Agm`Mm. Aem
doir `m`mda {ZoMm A_c nS>Uo dm^m{dH$M Ago. `m_wio lr_hmamO {Z$nUm`m AmoKmVM
EImXm {dZmoXr MwQ>H$m gmJyZ lmo`mZm nwhm VmOoVdmZo H$am`Mo. "Mhm' `m {df`mda lr_hmamOmZr
EH$ hcHo$\w$cHo$ JrV aMcoco hmoVo. Vo Aem doir lr_hmamO {_H$scnUo hUyZ XmIdrV Am{U
lmo`mZm AmirnmirZo MhmnmZmgmR>r OmD$Z `m`cm gmJV AgV.
nydaJ Am{U Am`mZ Pmco H$s cirVmMm H$m`H$_ gw$ hmoB. Am`mZmV H$moUVmhr H$Wm^mJ
Agcm Var cirVm`m H$sVZmV Vmo eodQ>r ^y am_Mm`m Xa~mamer Iw~rZo OmoS>cm OmVmo. ""aZOS>rV
qghmgZ& dar emoô aKwZXZ&&'' `m A^JmZo lr_hmamO ^y lram_MmMm Xa~ma lmo`mg_moa C^m
H$arV. ^y am_M qghmgZmda Am$T> Pmco AmhoV, dm_mJr OJmZZr grVm_mB AmhoV, c_U,
âV, ewZ Md`m T>mirV AmhoV, g_moa _m$Vram` hmV OmoSy>Z Cô AmhoV, lram_ MmXm dfmMm
dZdmg gndyZ, amdUmMm dY H$$Z nwZ A`moòV Amcoco AmhoV, AmZX gmohim gw$ Amho,
Amn`m g`mgmo~`mZm dmcH$ma XoD$Z ^y lram_ `mMm `Wmo{MV gH$ma H$arV AmhoV, Agm hm
AmZXmMo amo_mM AJmda CR>{dUmam gJ lr_hmamOm`m _wImVyZ EoH$VmZm lmo`mZm EH$ {dcjU
hahwahr cmJyZ amhr. Joco VrZ {Xdg lr~m~m`m O`Vr gmoh`mV a__mU Pmco`m ^$JUmZm AmVm
hm AmZX gmohim gnV Amcm Amho, lr_hmamOmMm {Zamon KoD$Z AmnUmcm `m WmZmVyZ AmVm H$mhr
doimVM {ZKm`Mo Amho `m {dMmamZo WmoS>o {I dmQ>o.
^y am_Mm`m Xa~mamV `m g_`r g_V A`mo`mdmgr OZ O_m Pmcoco AmhoV Am{U gmXmMr
`mMZm H$arV AmhoV.
gX>Jw mdm gmX Or PS>H$ar &
140 && MV`gy` &&
AY, nmJwim, ~{ham _wH$m & H$H$mS>rU _wS>m XoIm &

^mQ>, {H$a, OQ>rc EoH$m & {V>VmVr gmXm &&
VgoM
""VrW MaUrMo {eVi& Jim VwierMr _mi &
BVwHo$ PS>H$ar nmR>dmdo & Zmhr Var ~{i`m hmoD$Zr ahmdo &&''
Aem eXmV VrWmMr `mMZm H$arV AmhoV. lr_hmamO hr ^$mMr AmOdo EdT>m H$m$`nyU damV
JmV AgV H$s Vo gmao ` lmo`m`m _Z:MjwnwT>o Cô amhr. EH$ df lr_hmamOmZr Amn`m ^$mZm
_wH$m, ~{ham, AmYim, nmJim Aem ^y{_H$m doe^yfogh XoD$Z `m`mH$Sy>Z ^m$S>o gmXa H$adyZ
KoVcr `m_wio `m dfuMo cirVmMo H$sVZ \$maM A{V_ Pmco.
lrgX>Jw$ ~m~m`m nXH$_cmMo cQ>a Am\$ narg_ò R>go KoD$Z, `md$Z V`ma Ho$co`m
nmXwH$m, MmXr`m VmQ>mV R>odyZ, aoe_r dmZo AmN>mXyZ MmaJmda R>odco`m AgV. cirVm`m
H$sVZmZVa `mMr lr_hmamO nyOm H$arV. do._y.go JwOr hr nyOm gH$nnydH$ gmJV AgV.
`mZVa Cgd-_S>imMo A`j S>m.lr.X.Omoer lr_hmamOmMr nmnyOm H$arV AgV. lr_hmamOmMo
nm` Ja_ nm`mZo YwdyZ, dN> nwgyZ `mda JY cmdco OmV Ago d \w$co dm{hcr OmV. ""hr _mPr
nyOm ZgyZ h[aXmgmMr nyOm Amho,'' Ago lr_hmamO `m doir hUV AgV. `mZVa A`jmZm
lr_hmamO {dS>m, ~mmgm, nmXwH$mdarc gmXnwn d Zmai gmX hUyZ XoV AgV.
`mZVa CnpWV ^$JUmZm lr_hmamO `mMH$mao gmX XoV AgV. lr_hmamO Amn`m ^$mZm,
Amn`m gX>Jw$`m _{XamV, H$Yrhr dV:cm Z_H$ma H$$ XoV ZgV. _m \$$ `m doir "h[aXmg'
hUyZ lr~m~m`m _{XamV Vo ^$mMo Z_H$ma drH$marV AgV.
gmX dmQ>nmgmR>r AmUco`m ZmaimZm qnOa cmdyZ R>od`mMo H$m_ H$sVZ Mmcy AgVmZmM H$mhr
d`godH$mZr H$$Z R>odcoco Agm`Mo. gmX dmQ>n Mmcy AgVmZm CnpWV dmaH$ar-_S>ir
AmirnmirZo A^J JmD$Z Amncr godm gmXa H$arV AgV. lr_hmamO gmX dmQ>n H$aVmZm, H$mhr
H$maUmZo Cgdmcm òD$ Z eH$co`m Amn`m ^$mZm _aUnydH$ Xwg`m EImm ^$mnmer gmX
nmR>dyZ XoV AgV. ho gmX dmQ>n gH$mir gmV-AmR> dmOon`Vhr Mmco. EH$Xm Va ({X. 2.12.1982)
Vo gH$mir gmS>oAH$am dmOon`V Mmcy hmoVo. nhmQ>o VrZ`m gw_mamg H$sVZmcm Cô am{hcoco _hmamO
gmJVon`V EH$mM OmJr Cô AgV.
EH$Xm lr.adt namS>H$a gmX dmQ>nm`m doir lr_hmamOm`m hmVr EH$EH$ Zmai, {dS>m,
~mmgm dJao gmX XoV hmoVo. âmâ Zmai Xo`m`m JS>~S>rV `m`m hmVyZ EH$ Zmai gQ>Hy$Z
lr_hmamOmMo nmdcmda nS>cm. Zmaihr AmH$mamZo MmJcm XUXUrV hmoVm. Amn`m hmVyZ Zmai
nSy>Z lr_hmamOmZm cmJco Agoc, doXZm Pm`m AgVrc `m {dMmamZo lr.namS>H$a eaq_Xo Pmco.
O``m nd] _hmogd.. / 141
naVw lr_hmamO _m H$mhrM Pmco Zmhr Aem VhoZo gmX dmQ>n H$arV hmoVo. VrZ {Xdgm`m AIS>
n[al_mZVa, `mVhr amâ Cô amhZ H$sVZ Ho$`mda Aem gJr H$moUrhr _mUyg amJmdcm AgVm.
naVw lr_hmamO emVM hmoVo. ZVa namS>H$amZr OmD$Z {Xc{Jar `$ Ho$cr naVw lr_hmamOmZr "Vmo
gJ {dg$Z Om, H$mhr {deof Pmcoco Zmhr,' Aem eXmV `mMo gmdZ Ho$co.
gmX dmQ>nmZVa lr_hmamO 72 Vmgm`m Zm__aUmMr dV: gmJVm H$arV. ho Zm__aU gmX
dmQ>nm`m doion`V Zoh_rM cm~V Ago. `mZVa ""òB òB hmo, Jw$am`m & lrJw ~m~m gX`m & òB òB
hmo &&'' hm lr~m~mMm da{MV Ymdm lr_hmamO hUV AgV. `mMr Mmc nmi`m`m JrVmer
{_iVr OwiVr Ago. gwdmVrMr EH$ XmoZ H$S>dr hUyZ hmoBn`V lr_hmamOmMo AV:H$aU ^$Z òB.
gXJw$`m _VtZr H$R> XmQy>Z òB. AV:H$aUmVrc ^mdZm Ym`m`m eXmVyZ EdT>m AmVnUo
~mhoa nS>V H$s `mMm da {dhi hmoB, S>mo`mVyZ Aly dmh cmJV. EH$ EH$ eX `ZnydH$
hUV, _Zmcm {ZJhmZo Amda KmcV, Vo H$gm~gm Ymdm nyU H$arV. ""AmnU nwhm H$Q> hmoD$Z `m''
Aer {dZdUr H$aVmZm lr_hmamO Amnco nMmU `m Ym`m`m eXmV Am{U gwamV AmoVrV AgV.
`m ^mdm{dH$mamZo lmoVohr hocmdyZ OmV, _yH$ hmoV.
Ymdm nyU Pmcm H$s AmaVr hmoD$Z O``wgdmMr gmJVm hmoV Ago. hm Cgd lr_hmamOm`m
CH$Q>, Agr_ Jw^$sMo VrH$ hmoVm Am{U gX>Jw$Mr ^$s H$er H$amdr `mMm Vmo AmXe dVwnmR>hr
hmoVm !
Mnmf>r - "lrJwH$nm' `m B_maVrVrc XodKamV, "lrIS>oam`' d "lrhmigmB' `m`m Am$T>
_yVu nyOogmR>r R>odco`m AmhoV. Mnmf>r hUOoM _mJerf ew f>r`m {Xder `m XodVmZm dm`mMo
H$mXm KmcyZ Ho$coco ârV Am{U dmarMr OmS> ^mH$ar (amoS>Jm) Agm Img Zdo XmI{dcm OmVmo. `m
EH$mM {Xder AnyUmJhmV H$mmMm dmna d`nmH$mV hmoVmo. Eadr H$mXm d`nmH$mV d` AgVmo.
hmoir - gUm_mJMo Ym{_H$ gX^, $T>t_mJMo AW g_OyZ KoD$Z gl AV:H$aUmZo, emmo$
nVrZo gd gU gmOao H$a`m{df`r lr_hmamOmMm H$Q>mj Ago. `m_wio hmoirMm gUhr H$em
_mJ`nyU nVrZo gmOam H$am`Mm AgVmo ho lr_hmamOmZr g_mOmcm XmIdyZ {Xco.
hmoir`m {Xder gH$mir _{XamVrc gd XodXodVmZm gmIao`m JmR>r (_mim) dm{h`m OmVmV
Am{U Xwnmar nwaUnmoirMm Zdo AgVmo.
gm`H$mir VwcgrdXmdZm`m _mJrc ~mOycm, Zoh_r`m R>aco`m OmJr O_rZ eoUmZo gmadyZ
amJmo`m H$mT>`m OmV. EH$ chmZgm I>m 1 x 1 x 1 \y$Q> EdT>m IUyZ `m_ò EaS> Am{U
~mJoVrc D$g C^m Ho$cm OmV Ago. `m^modVr cmH$S>o, Jmod`m, JdV `mMr AmQ>monera AmH$mamMr
hmoir aMcr OmV Ago. ~oVm`m AmH$mam`m hmoir_wio _moR>m ^S>H$m CSy>Z AnKmV hmo`mMrhr
e`Vm Q>micr Om`Mr Am{U cmH$S>o, JdV AmXr gm_JrMmhr An`` Q>micm OmV Ago. gm`H$miMr
142 && MV`gy` &&
_{XamVrc {Z`mMr AmaVr Pmcr H$s EImm ^$mH$Sy>Z hmoirMr nyOm `dpWVnUo H$$Z KoVcr
Om`Mr. nyOoZVa nwaUnmoirMm Zdo Am{U Zmai hmoircm AnU Ho$cm Om`Mm. `mZVa hmoir
noQ>dcr Om`Mr. CnpWV nwf-^$JU hmoircm VrZ X{jUm KmcyZ Ym{_H$ Wo_mUo ~m|~ R>moH$sV
AgV. `mZVa H$mhr doimZo hmoirVrc Zmai ~mhoa H$mTy>Z, Vmo \$moSy>Z `m Imo~`mMm Zdo W_
lr~m~mZm XmIdyZ CnpWVmZm gmX hUyZ dmQ>cm OmB. ZVa MhmnmZmZVa gd _S>ir Amnmn`m
Kar OmV.
gZ 1972 _ò _{XamV lr_hmamOmMm fQ>XrnyVu g_ma^ godm_S>im`m gd ^$_S>itZr
A`V CgmhmZo gmOam Ho$cm. `m{Z{_mmZo JUoe`mJmMo Am`moOZ Ho$coco hmoVo. XmoZ {Xdg hdZ Pmco.
CJaW emV, _mH$S>o` nyOm AmXr gd Ym{_H$ H$m`H$_ `WmgmJ H$a`mV Amco. `m{Z{_mmZo
lr_hmamOmMr JwimMr Vwcm H$a`mV Amcr. ^$mZr AmJhnydH$, gO{dco`m _moR>m VamOy`m EH$m
nmaS>m_ò lr_hmamOmZm ~g{dco. lr_hmamO hmVr gX>Jw$ lr~m~m _hmamOmMm \$moQ>mo KoD$Z ~gco
hmoVo. Xwg`m nmaS>mV ^ma^ma Jyi KmcyZ ZVa Vmo Jyi ~dXmbm AnU H$a`mV Amcm. `m
g_ma^m`m doir gw_mao nYameo nmZo Oodcr. g_ma^ `WmgmJ gmOam Pmcm.
lr._YwH$a dm. Q>|~o `mZm nmR>{dco`m nmV lr_hmamO `mZr `m g_ma^m~m~V Amnco _ZmoJV
`$ H$aVmZm {c{hco Amho ""_cm dV:cm `m Jmo>tMr Amd`H$Vm Zmhr d ngVhr Zmhr. H$maU H$Ue: d jUe: Oo
nM^yVm_H$ eara _`y`m O~S>mV OmV AgVo `mMo dmT>{Xdg dm g_ma^ H$aUo ~ao Zho. AmVm
lrgX>Jw$ ~m~mgma`m AdVmar nwfmMr Jmo> {Zamir. Agmo.
hm g_ma^ hUOo Ho$di ~m~m`m H$noMm Jmad Amho Ago _r g_OVmo. lrgX>Jw$ ~m~mZr
`m`m H$m`mH$[aVm ho eara {OdV R>odco Amho d Amn ~aoMgo H$m`j_hr R>o{dco Amho hr Ho$di
`mMrM H$nm Ago _r g_OVmo.''
gd ^$_S>ir lr_hmamOmZmXoIrc AdVmar nwfM _mZrV AgV Am{U `mZr A`V ^{$^mdmZo
hm g_ma^ Am`mo{OV Ho$`m_wio ^$mdarc o_mnmoQ>r lr_hmamOmZm ^$mZr Oo-Oo H$mVwH$ Ho$co Vo
drH$mamdo cmJco, _m lr_hmamOmZr `m{Z{_mmZo H$moUmH$Sy>Zhr Ahoa _m drH$macm Zmhr.
D D D
O``m nd] _hmogd.. / 143
H$aU : 14
{edam`mMm AmR>dmdm Vmn &&

lrjo S>oadU òWo lr grVmam_~wdmMr g_mYr, lr_hm hZw_mZ _{Xa, lrXm _{Xa, lr_hmamOmMo
XodWmZ, lrdm_r g_W-lram_ _{Xa, lrkmZZmW _{Xa `mM_mUo lr dhmiH$a~wdmMr g_mYr
`m gd WmZr gH$mir `WmgmJ emoS>fmonMmao nyOm hmoVo. `mM~amo~a dXod, Zdo, gmX, gH$mig`mH$mir AmaVr, amm nMnXr, gH$mir ghm dmOVm Zm__aU, H$m_mcm gwdmV H$a`mnyduMo
H$m_JmadJmMo Zm__aU ho gd H$m`H$_ A{Ve` {Z`{_VnUo, R>a`m doir nma nmS>co OmVmV.
_{XamV XaamoO EH$mXUr, nd_mZmMr Amdmr, geVrMm nmR>, lrJwM[a d Jwcrcm_V `mMo
dmMZ, ~mU ^moOZ, `mM_mUo gH$>r`m {Xder gm`H$mir AWderfmMr AmdVZo, A{^foH$
Am{U Zdo, Xa EH$mXercm nMgy$ nd_mZmMr AmdVZo hmoVmV.
nmf ew && 3 Vo 10, eH$$1906 hUOoM {X. 25 {S>g|~a 1984 Vo 1 OmZodmar 1985 `m
H$mcmdYrV S>oadU òWo lr_hmamOmZr EH$ _moR>o AZw>mZ Ho$co. AmgoVw{h_mMc, AH$ameo {dmZ
~mUmZm {Z_{V H$$Z ho AZw>mZ H$a`mV Amco. `mMr _m{hVr _mJrb H$aUmV Ambr Amho.
ho AZw>mZ hUOo EH$ {edYZw` hmoVo Am{U lr_hmamOmZr Vo crc`m nocco hmoVo. lr.X.n.ZmZc
`m doiMr EH$ AmR>dU gmJVmV. AZw>mZmgmR>r Amco`m AH$ameo ~mUmMr {Zdmg`dWm hoM
gdmV _moR>o AmhmZ hmoVo. `mgmR>r H$m`nr ZXr`m ncVramda EH$ cmI Mm.\y$Q> jo\$imMm ^`
_S>n Kmc`mV Amcm hmoVm. 100 emMHy$n (VmnwaVo) ~mYcoco hmoVo. _S>nmVrc O_rZ Z`mZo
Ho$cocr hmoVr, Vr nyUnUo H$moaS>r ZhVr. 7 -8 {Xdgm`m H$m`H$_mV Amocga O{_Zrda dmda`mg,
~g`mg ~dXmcm mg hmoBc ho nm{h`mda lr_hmamOmZr gnyU O{_Zrda ^mVmMm n|T>m ngadyZ,
`mda {H$ZVmZo KmcyZ, `mda ~R>H$sMr `dWm Ho$cr. `m_wio H$moUmcmhr mg Pmcm Zmhr.
S>mgmMm mg hmoD$ Zò hUyZ H$mgd N>mn _N>a AJa~mrMo hOmamo ImoHo$ `m doir AmUcoco
hmoVo. _S>nmV ngacocm n|T>m Am{U {H$ZVmZo cjmV KoD$Z gmdY{JarMm Cnm` hUyZ AJa~mrImcr
Q>rc`m Wm`m R>od`mV Am`m hmo`m. AJa~`mMm gmR>m EdT>m ânya hmoVm H$s nwT>o 3-4 df}
`m dmna`m OmV hmo`m. nmh`mMr H$moUVrhr Jagmo` hmoD$ Zò hUyZ _hmamO H$go Xj AgV
Am{U `mM doir gwa{jVVoMmhr {dMma H$$Z Amd`H$ `m Jmo>r H$em H$adyZ KoV, `mMo CXmhaU
hUyZ ~mimgmho~ H$mOaoH$a hr AmR>dU gmJVmV.
WmZm_ò lrgV {XJ~a~wdm dhmiH$amMm nw`{VWr Cgd, lrgV grVmam_~wdmMm nw`{VWr
Cgd, lram_Xmg Zd_r, lr{edO``wgd Ago Cgd _moR>m CgmhmZo gmOao Ho$co OmVmV. naVw
144 && MV`gy` &&
`m_mUo nw`m`m WmZm_ò lrgX>Jw$ ~m~m _hmamOmMr O`Vr hm gd CgdmMm _wHw$Q>_Ur,

`mM_mUo S>oadU òWo "lr{edO``wgd' hm {deof _moR>m d$nmV gmOam Ho$cm OmVmo.
lr{ed-g_W _{Xa Am{U JS>mMo ~mYH$m_ nyU Pm`mnmgyZ hm Cgd _moR>m WmQ>m_mQ>mV
gmOam H$a`mg lr_hmamOmZr ma^ Ho$cm. \$mJwZ d VVr`m `m {VWrcm hm Cgd gmOam hmoVmo.
Cgdm`m {Xder gH$mir ZD$ dmOVm EH$ _moR>r g^m {ed-g_W JS>m`m ^` g^mJhmV Am`mo{OV
Ho$cocr AgVo. {edM[amMo A`mgH$ Am{U {dmZ, kmZVndr Aem EImm _hZr` `$scm
_wI nmhUo hUyZ {Z_{V Ho$coco AgVo. _wI nmh`mZm {_adV, A`V g_mZnydH$ g^mWmZr
AmUco OmVo. T>moc, Vmeo, coPr_, PmOm, VwVm`m AmXr`m JOamV {edN>nVt`m OÒ`H$mamV
{_adUyH$ gWJVrZo g^mWmZr òVo, Vohm gmao g^mJh `m CgdmgmR>r XyaXyahZ, _hmam>m`m
H$mZmH$mon`mVyZ Amco`m {edo_tZr AmogSy>Z dmhmV AgVo.
gdW_ `Wm{dYr dOnyOZ hmoVo Am{U Oohm ^Jdm dO {X_mImZo gWJVrZo dOV^mda
MT>{dcm OmVmo, `m doir nwhm EH$Xm dmmMm _hmMS> H$moi hmoVmo. \$Q>m`m`m _mimMm AIS>
H$S>H$S>mQ> Am{U Vmo\$mMr gcm_rM {Xcr OmV Amho Ago dmQ>Umao, \$Q>m`m`m ~mamMo Y_mHo$Xma
\$moQ,> `m_wio gJio dmVmdaU AJXr ^m$Z OmVo.
`mZVa lr_hmamOmZr aMcoco XoddmUrVrc dOJrV gm_y{hH$nUo nR>U Ho$co OmVo. ZVa _wI
nmhUo, do$ VgoM {deof g_mZZr` nmhUo `mgnrR>mda WmZmn hmoVmV Am{U ~dX emVrgy$
nR>U H$aVmV.
emVrgy$mZVa gôcm gwdmV hmoVo. lr[edmOr _hmamOmMo M[a hm {Z`ZyVZ ^mgUmam gdm`mM
AmdS>rMm {df` Am{U `mda ^m` H$a`mgmR>r {dMmanydH$ {ZdS>coco {dmZ `m_wio {Vdfu lmoVo
cjnydH$ hr ^mfUo EoH$VmV Am{U H$mhr Zdo {dMma, Zdo ncy OmUyZ KoVmV. lr_hmamO XohYmar
AgVmZm gô`m eodQ>r Vo Amnco _mJXeZna {dMma _mSy>Z AmerdMZmZo gôMr gmJVm H$arV.
`m gmoh`mgmR>r \$ma _moR>m gòZo ^$JU O_VmV. `m gdmMo MhmnmZ, \$ami, gmX,
{Zdmg AmXr gmo`r H$aUo ho _moR>o AmhmZm_H$ H$m_ AgVo. lr_hmamOmZr {Z`moOZnydH$ AmIyZ
{Xco`m nVrZo AmOhr hm gd gmohim gwairVnUo Mmcy AgVmo. AmOH$mc Va Xhm Vo ~mam hOma
^$JU, `mVrc {Z`mnojm OmV ^{JZrdJ, `m Cgdm`m {Z{_mmZo EH$ òVmV. `m_wio g^m
g_mV Pmcr H$s cJoMM _hmgmXmcm gwdmV hmoVo Am{U \$$ XmoZ Vo AS>rM VmgmV Amco`m
gdmMo ^moOZ nyU hmoVo.
lr_hmamOmMo doir gm`H$mir Mma dmO`mnmgyZ {edN>nVt`m nmcIrMr {_adUyH$
lr grVmam_~wdm`m _{XamnmgyZ gw$ hmoV Ago. gO{dco`m nmcIrV lr{edN>nVtMr _yVu R>od`mV
òV Ago Am{U N>-Mm_ao, Md`m, nIo, A~XmJra, J$S>-hZw_V, M-gy`, dO-nVmH$m, ^Jdr
{edam`mMm AmR>dmdm Vmn.. / 145
{ZemUo `m`m JXuV, Q>mi-_XJm`m gmWrZo ÔZo JmV, lr{edN>nVr, lrg_W am_Xmg dm_r,
VgoM gX>Jw$Mm OÒ`H$ma H$arV nmcIr lr grVmam_~wdm`m _{Xamcm EH$ X{jUm KmcV Ago.
`mZVa Xwg`m X{jUo`m doir nmcIr {ed-g_W JS>m`m qXS>r XadmOmVyZ ~mhoa nSy>Z _w`
a`mZo S>oadU-gmdS>} gr_odarc lrkmZZmW _{Xamn`V dmOV JmOV OmD$Z nwhm {ed-g_W JS>mH$S>o
naV òV Ago.
`m gm`m _mJmda ôar, VwVm`m, Zmc, _XJ, Q>mi, T>moc, Vmeo Agm dmmMm EH$M JOa
AmH$me ôXyZ OmV Ago. nmcIr gmoh`mV OmJmoOmJr ÔZmMo _oio, h[aZm_mMm JOa H$arV ZmMV
JmV Mmccoco Agm`Mo. VU Vmcr_~mO; cmR>r-H$mR>r, XmS>n>m, Vcdma `mMo hmV XmIdrV Agm`Mo.
coPr_ nWHo$ Am{U PmO nWHo$ ~o^mZ hmoD$Z T>mocm`m Vmcmda Kw_V Agm`Mr. ^Jdr {ZemUo hmVr
KoD$Z, S>moBcm ^Jdo \o$Q>o ~mYcoco VU OmofmV, {ZemU H$mR>m CMmdV ZmMV Agm`Mo. lr_hmamO
dV: gd {\$$Z òH$ g_yhm~amo~a WmoS>mWmoS>m doi Wm~yZ `mMm Cgmh {JwUrV H$am`Mo. H$Yr,
""{edN>nVr amOm _hmam>mMm & AdVma _hmXodmMm &&'' hm `mMm A`V AmdS>Vm JOa dV: gmJyZ
lr_hmamO `m VUmV VU hmoD$Z ZmMm`Mo. `m doir ^$JUmH$Sy>Z Ajae: JJZôXr {VgmX
{_im`Mm. Xe{Xem {edZm_mZo ^$Z Om``m Am{U gm`m {_adUwH$sV CgmhmMo CYmU `m`Mo.
\$Q>m`m`m AmVf~mOrZo AmH$me COiyZ {ZKm`Mo.
`m {edO`Vr Cgdmcm _moR>m _mUmda dmaH$ar gXm`mMo cmoH$ CnpWV AgVmV. qH$~hwZm
Aem dmaH$`m`m qXS>m ho {_adUwH$sMo d{eQ> AgVo. `m_mUo {d{dY `k `mJmMo Am`moOZ
H$$Z lr_hmamO eoH$S>mo {dmZ ~mUmZm EH$ AmUrV, `mM_mUo {edO`Vr`m {Z{_mmZo hOmamo
dmaH$ar lr_hmamOm`m {Z_Umcm _mZ XoD$Z `m qXS>rV gh^mJr hmoV AgV. `m H$mir 70 Vo 80
_XJ dmXH$ Am{U XmoZ Vo VrZ hOma Q>miH$ar EH$ `m`Mo. h.^.n.Imem~wdm H$moH$mQ>o, Xm_wAUm
_mir, {Zdmr~wdm Xoe_wI, Vwieram_~wdm Xr{jV, h[a~wdm [aJo Ago AZoH$ {g dmaH$ar ÔZr~wdm
`m gmoh`mcm CnpWV AgV. dmaH$ar gJrV ÔZmMm Vmo AmZX gmohim Ago. lr_hmamOm`mgma`m
OmUH$mam`m CnpWVrV ho dmaH$ar~wdm Amncr H$cm Ord AmoVyZ noe H$arV. {d{dY amJmdarc
Amnco ^wd XmIdrV. EH$m amJmd$Z Xwg`m amJmV crc`m {\$aV doJdoJio nman[aH$ A^J gmXa
H$aVmZm H$moUr ~wdm gwam`m OJcmV dmQ> hadcoM Va `mZm lr_hmamO AMyH$nUo _yi dmQ>oda
AmUyZ gmoS>V.
lr.~SyeoQ> OmYd ho lr_hmamOmMo ^$, dmaH$ar gXm`mMo OmUH$ma ÔZr~wdm, dV:cm
"lr_hmamOmMm dmaH$ar' Ago _moR>m A{^_mZmZo hUdyZ KoV. `m`m d{S>cmMo Zmd Ho$edeoQ>
OmYd. S>oadUOdirc Hw$S>n ho `mMo _yi Jmd. lr_hmamO Am{U lr grVmam_~wdm `m`mda
Ho$edeoQ> `mMr AVrd lm hmoVr. lrnmSw>aJ Am{U lrdm_r g_WmMr CnmgZm nanaoZo KamV MmcV
146 && MV`gy` &&
Amcocr hmoVr. lrVwH$mam_ ~rOoMm Cgd 1936 nmgyZ Hw$S>n òWo `m`m Kar A`mhV Mmcy Amho.
Aem `m nanaoV dmT>co`m lr.grVmam_ Ho$ed D$\$ ~SyeoQ> OmYd `mZm ÔZmMr A`V AmdS>
hmoVr. gwaoc AmdmO Am{U gJrVmMr MmJcr g_O Ag`m_wio lr_hmamO _{XamV ~SyeoQ>Zm dmadma
A^J hU`mMr gYr XoV AgV. AmO `mMo {MaOrd lr.gwYmH$aamd Vr nanam gdmWmZo nwT>o ZoV
AmhoV (`m gwYmH$aamdmZm lr_hmamO H$mVwH$mZo "ÔZmZX' hUV).
ÔZm`m AmdS>r_wio {edO`Vr Cgdm`m doir dmaH$ar ~wdmer gnH$ gmYyZ `mZm {edO`Vr
gmoh`mcm {Z_{V H$a`mMr H$m_{Jar lr_hmamO ~SyeoQ>Zm gmJV. 1984 gmcMr Jmo>. lr.~SyeoQ>
Aer {Z_Uo H$arV cmoUmd`mhZ ^moacm {ZKmco hmoVo. OmVmZm nw`mVyZM _mJ hmoVm Am{U Vmohr
AJXr g_m{Y_{XamOdiyZM OmVmo. naVw Cera hmoBc `m g~~rda _{XamH$S>o Z diVm ~SyeoQ> gai
nwT>o {ZKyZ Joco Am{U EImXm \$cmJ Joco ZmhrV, VmoM JmS>r ~X nS>cr. Vmgâ `Z H$$Z JmS>r gw$
hmoBZm. Vohm AmVm AmYr g_m{Y_{XamVM OmD$ `m Ago R>aco Am{U Am` hUOo JmS>r cJoM Mmcy
Pmcr.
gmdS>} òWrc ~mOmanoR>oVyZ {edam`mMr nmcIr {_adV AmUmdr Aer lr_hmamOmMr BN>m
hmoVr. naVw gmmYmar njmVrc `mMo {hVey Zoh_rM amOH$s` X~md AmUyZ `m doir Zo_Ho$ 144
H$c_ cmdyZ {_adUwH$sg AS>Wio AmUrV. 1985 gmcr 144 H$c_ cmdcoco ZhVo, hUyZ `m
dfu {_adUwH$sMr V`mar CgmhmZo H$a`mV Amcr hmoVr, naVw nmo{cgmZr XmS>JmB H$$Z AIoa`m
jUr {_adUyH$ H$mTy> {Xcr Zmhr. `m_wio `mZVa Vgm `Z Pmcm Zmhr. naVw 1993 gmcmnmgyZ
_m gmdS>mVrc _mVr _{XamnmgyZ {ed-g_W JS>mn`V A`V ^` {_adUyH$ {Vdfu H$mT>`mV
òVo. Vr {_adUyH$ AmVm {edO`Vr gmoh`mMo _wI d{eQ> Am{U lr_hmamOm`m H$m`mMo VrH$
Pmcr Amho.
gm`H$mir Mma dmO`m`m gw_mamg lr grVmam_~wdm`m _{Xamg_moa `m X{jUocm ma^ hmoVmo.
eJmaco`m nmcIrV lr{edN>nVr Am{U gX>Jw$`m {V_m WmnZ H$$Z AmaVr hmoD$Z, _{XamV
EH$ X{jUm nyU H$$Z Q>mi-_XJm`m gmWrZo A^J JmV lr{edN>nVtMm O`Kmof H$arV {edg_W JS>m`m doemamVyZ {_adUyH$ ~mhoa òVo. `mM doir g_ma^mcm Amcoco hOmamo r-nwf
^$JU JS>m~mhoa C`m Agco`m ~gog, Q>g AmXr dmhZmVyZ gmdS>m`m ~mOmanoR>oVrc lrhZw_mZ
_{Xamnmer òVmV. gO{dco`m Q>Q>a Q>mcrVyZ nmcIrhr VoWo H$mhr doimVM nmohmoMVo. lrhZw_mZ
_{XamV nyOm H$$Z, lrhZw_VmMo AmerdmX KoD$Z \$Q>m`m`m H$S>H$S>mQ>mV {_adUyH$ A{Ve` gW
JVrZo gw$ hmoVo. `m {_adUwH$sgmR>r EH$ gwXa H$moardH$m_ Ho$cocm aW Img V`ma Ho$cocm Amho.
`m_ò AJ^mJr lr{edN>nVtMr {V_m VgoM _mJo CMmgZmda gXJw$`m {V_m gOdyZ R>odco`m
AgVmV. {dOo`m {X`m`m _mimZr aWmda amofUmB Ho$cocr AgVo. YmoVa, g\o$X AJaIm, {ear
~m~Xma ^Jdm \o$Q>m, Immda BH$mR>r CnaUo KoVcoco d`godH$ hm ^` aW AmoT>rV AgVmV.
{_adUwH$s`m AJ^mJr ~cJmS>rV qH$dm Q>Q>a_ò gZB, MmKS>m AgVmo Am{U `m_mJo {d{dY
nWHo$ {eV~nUo Mmccocr AgVmV. `m_ò coPr_, PmO, XmS>n>m, _cIm~ Ago Ioi H$arV
AZoH$ `m`m_emimMr nWHo$ Mmccocr AgVmV. ~S>da ^{$JrVo, Xoe^{$na JrVo dmOdcr OmV
AgVmV. S>oadU`m Q>Q>Zo Mmc{dco`m BJOr _m`_m`m emioVrc _wcmMo nWH$ Amn`m S>mcXma
nX`mgmZo {d{dY Z`H$ma gmXa H$arV gdmMo cj doYyZ KoV AgVo. AJXr aWmg_moa dmaH$arqXS>r ÔZo JmV Mmccocr AgVo, `mM_mUo AmOy~mOy`m JmdmVrc ÔZr _S>iohr Amn`m
_S>imMo \$cH$ A{^_mZmZo {_adrV ÔZo JmV {_adUwH$sV gm_rc Pmcobr AgVmV.
`m {_adUwH$sV lr_hmamOmMo hOmamo ^$JU hmVr ^Jdo P|S>o KoD$Z gm_rc Pmcoco AgVmV.
`mVrc eoH$S>mo VU d`godH$ Img _amR>r nVrMm ~m~Xma ^Jdm \o$Q>m ~mYyZ, hmVr ^Jdm P|S>m
KoD$Z, {edN>nVtMm O`Kmof H$arV Ajae: ~o^mZ hmoD$Z ZmMV AgVmV. d$Z \$mJwZmVrc
H$S>H$ ChmMm dfmd hmoV AgVmo, nm`mImcMr gS>H$hr VmncocrM AgVo. naVw AJmV dralrMm
gMma Pmcoco ho VU ~oYwX ZmMVmZm nmhZ _J gm`m {_adUwH$sVM MV`mMr cmQ> gMmaVo. AJXr
d _mUgohr T>mocm`m Vmcmda nmdco Q>mHy$ cmJVmV. cmR>r-H$mR>r, XmS>n>m Ago _XmZr Ioi JXuMo
cj doYyZ KoV AgVmV. `mVM \$Q>m`m`m _mimMo Am{U ~mamMo AmdmO Kw_V AgVmV. hr
{_adUyH$ _hm_mJmd$Z Mmccocr Ag`m_wio H$mhr d`godH$ cm~cMH$ Xmoar EH$m ~mOyZo VmUyZ
Xwg`m A`m ^mJmVyZ dmhVyH$ gwairV R>odrV AgVmV. nmo{cgmMo _moR>o nWH$hr `mM H$m_mV JwVcoco
AgVo. aWm`m _mJrc ~mOyg p`mMo _moR>o nWH$ emVnUo {eVrZo ÔZo JmV Mmccoco AgVo.
{_adUwH$s~amo~a {n`mMo nmUr nwa{d`mgmR>r EH$ Q>H$ahr Mmccocm AgVmo. hiyhiy ChmMm Xmh
H$_r hmoVmo. gy` _mdiVmo. _m {_adUyH$ AOyZ gmdS>m`m ~mOmamVM Kw_V AgVo. H$mimoI nSy>
cmJcm H$s AmH$memV aJr~oaJr amofUmBMo \$Q>mHo$ CS>dUo gw$ hmoVo. {d{dY aJm`m H$memZo AmH$me
COiyZ {ZKVo. OZaoQ>gda _moR>_moR>o {Xdo cmdcoco Q>Q>g {_adUwH$sV AVamAVamda R>odyZ {dwV
H$memV {_adUyH$ COiyZ Q>mH$cr OmVo. hiyhiy XwJdmS>r \$mQ>mda diyZ {_adUyH$ S>oadU`m
a`mcm cmJVo. VrZ-Mma Vmg Pmco Var cmoH$mMm Cgmh H$Uâhr H$_r Pmcocm ZgVmo. {_adUwH$s`m
_mJmda gwdm{gZr nMma`m KoD$Z Amodmi`mgmR>r gm AgVmV. `m`m Amodmi`m Pm`mda
`m`m V~H$mV gmX KmcyZ `mMm g_mZ Ho$cm OmVmo. nwT>o EHo$ {R>H$mUr a`m`m H$S>ocm _mimda
{_adUyH$ WmoS>m doi {dlmVr KoVo. VoWo Anmonhma Am{U Mhm-H$m\$sMr `dWm Ho$cocr AgVo.
VmOoVdmZo Pmcoco OdmZ Z`m OmofmV ZmMy cmJVmV Am{U {_adUyH$ nwhm Mmcy hmoVo.
_m 7-8 Vmg MmcUm`m Am{U gw_mao Mma {H$cmo_rQ>a AVa MmcyZ OmUm`m `m {_adUwH$sVrc
{eV dmImU`mgmaIr AgVo. òWo H$moUr doS>odmH$S>o AJ{djon H$$Z ZmMV Zmhr. dmQ>oda H$moUmMmhr
148 && MV`gy` &&
A{Yjon hmoBc Ago dmJV Zmhr. naVw `mM~amo~a H$moUmMrhr `m gmoh`mH$S>o dmH$S>m ZOaoZo
nmhm`mMr qh_V hmoUma Zmhr EdT>m Omofhr òWo H$Q> hmoV AgVmo. lrH$mH$m _hmamO `m {_adUwH$s`m
{H$_mZ AYm-nmD$U {H$cmo_rQ>an`V ngaco`m Xmohr Q>moH$m`m Xa`mZ dmadma {\$$Z gd nWH$m_ò
Wm~yZ, `mZm mogm{hV H$arV AgVmV. H$Yr Vo dmaH$`mMo A^J EoH$Vrc, H$Yr _wcmMo Z`
nmhmVrc, H$Yr VUm`m H$m|S>m`mV WmoS>m doi ZmMVrc, {_adUwH$sVrc OmUH$ma d _S>itZm
Aem doir lr_hmamOmMr AmR>dU hmoVo.
amr ~mam`m gw_mamg {_adUyH$ {ed-g_W JS>m`m qXS>r XadmOmnmer òVo, Vohm qc~cmoU
VwH$S>m AmodmiyZ Q>mH$cm OmVmo Am{U XyYnmUr KmcyZ nmcIrMo Iya Am{U nmcIr dmhUm`mMo nm`
YwVco OmVmV. {edN>nVr _{Xamg_moa nmcIrcm 108 gwdm{gZr AmodmiyZ AmjU H$aVmV. `mZVa
g_m{Y_{Xamnmer òD$Z nmcIr {Vgar X{jUm nyU H$aVo, Vohm _àm CcQy>Z Jococr AgVo.
`m ^{$^mdmZo lr_hmamO lr~m~mMm O`Vr Cgd gmOam H$arV, `mM ^mdZoZo Vo {edO`Vr
Cgd gmOam H$arV AgV. hm Cgd lr_hmamOmMm A`V AmdS>Vm Cgd hmoVm. BVa gd Cgdmnojm
`mMo d$n WmoS>o doJio Amho. OS>U-KS>U WmoS>r doJir Amho. EH$m H$_`moJr g_mOgwYmaH$m`m
^y{_Ho$VyZ lr_hmamOmZr `m CgdmMr gwdmV Ho$cr. EH$gY g_mO {Z_mU hmdm Aem VhoZo `mMr
AmIUr Ho$cr. lr_hmamOmMo S>oadU n[agamVrc gd H$m` ho g_mOmVrc gd VamVrc cmoH$m`m
Eo{hH$ JVrgmR>r gw$ Ho$coco hmoVo. `mcmM Zo_H$m _yR>â dmWu nwT>m`mZr {damoY H$amdm ho g_mOm`m
JVr`m >rZo XwXdmMo R>aco; naVw Varhr lr_hmamOmZr Amnco H$m` AWH$nUo MmcyM R>odco Am{U
hm {edO`Vr Cgd `m H$m`mMm VrH$m_H$ Am{dH$ma R>acm.
gZ 1988 _ò lr_hmamOmMr H$Vr jrU Pmcocr hmoVr. `m doir nw`mVrc WmZmVM `mMm
_w$m_ hmoVm. AYyZ_YyZ `mZm WmoS>o ~ao dmQ>mdo hUyZ gm`H$mir _moQ>marVyZ nw`m`m {d_mZVimda
dJao {\$adyZ AmUV. EH$ {Xdg AgoM {\$am`cm ~mhoa nS>co AgVm lr_hmamOm`m AmJhmd$Z
gmo~VMo gdOU VoWyZ S>oadUbm Joco. Vohm Vo gmaoOU Ho$di AJmdarb H$nS>m{Zer hmoVo. Xwg`m
{Xder {edO`Vr hmoVr. `m AmZXgmoh`mV gh^mJr hmo`m`m Vrd BN>oZo lr_hmamO Ago
VS>H$m\$S>H$s {ZKyZ Amco. XmoZ {Xdg CgdmV gm_rc Pmco. ^$mg_doV nmcIr gmoh`mV WmoS>m
doi gh^mJr Pmco. earaH$Vr A{O~mV gmW XoV ZgVmZm Ho$di _Zm`m C^marda `mZr hm gmam
Ioi Ho$cm. `m ~m~VMm dmmV H$aU H$.20 _ò {dVmamZo Ambobm Amho.
`m doir nw`mVrc lr~m~m`m _{XamVrc EH$EH$ H$m`H$_ ~X H$arV lr_hmamO dV:cm
_moH$io H$$Z KoV hmoVo. AJXr Jwnm{U_oMm H$m`H$_hr `m dfu Pmcm Zmhr. EdT>oM H$m`, lr~m~mMr
O`Vrhr lr_hmamOm`m jrU Pmco`m H$Vr_wio Zoh_r_mUo CgmhmV gmOar Pmcr ZhVr. Ago
AgyZhr lr_hmamO gZ 1988 `m {edO`Vrcm S>oadU òWo hOa am{hco `mMm AW n>M Amho !
`m CgdmgmR>r _hmam>m`m H$mZmH$mon`mVyZ ^$JU Amcoco AgVmV. aZm{Jar, {MniyU ^mJmVrc

cmoH$ _moR>m gòZo òVmV. p`mMm Cgmh Va AdUZr` AgVmo. `m gòZo ~hYm nwfmZm _mV
XoV Agm`mV. nwUo, _w~B, Zm{eH$ Aem _moR>m ehamVyZ ~gog â^$Z cmoH$ òVmV. `mM_mUo
S>oadU`m AmOy~mOy`m JmdmVyZ nm`r òUm`m cmoH$mMrhr g`m H$_r ZgVo.
naVw EdT>m _moR>m gòZo cmoH$ O_yZgwm `dWm _m Zoh_r_mUoM Cm_ AgVo. {eV
Zoh_rgmaIrM nmicr OmVo. WmZmV emVVmhr amoO`m_mUoM AgVo. JS>~S> Jm|Yi hmoV Zmhr H$s
H$moU`m Jmo>rgmR>r YmdmYmd hmoV Amho Ago {XgV Zmhr. g^m doirM gw$ hmoVo, doirM gnVo.
{_adUyH$ > cmJmdr Aer AgVo Am{U JXuda g`moOH$mMo nyU {ZÙ Ag`m_wio H$moUVmhr
A{` gJ KS>V Zmhr qH$dm H$moUmcm Hw$amnV H$mT>`mMr gYrhr {_iV Zmhr Am{U qh_Vhr hmoV
Zmhr. Mhm-nmUr, `mhmar, XwnmaMm _hmgmX, amrMo OodU, {_adUwH$sXa`mZ Xo`mV òUmam
Anmonhma-Mhm gmao H$mhr doi`m doir `dpWVnUo nma nS>Vo. Amco`m gdmZm `dpWV gmX
XoD$Z {Zamon {Xcm OmVmo Am{U _moR>m gòZo {_adUwH$sgmR>r Amco`m, AmOy~mOy`m n[agamVrc
H$>H$ar dJmVrc _mVm-^{JZtMr "gmS>r'Mr ôQ> XoD$Z nmR>dUr Ho$cr OmVo.
ho gmao dfmZwdf} A`mhVnUo Mmcy Amho. ho gd lr_hmamOmZr H$go {Z_mU Ho$co, H$moU`m
{dMmamZo Ho$co, H$moU`m gymZo gdmZm EH$ Jw\$co, H$moU`m oaUoZo gdmZm H$m`dU Ho$co, H$moUVr
Aj` D$Om nwa{dcr `mMm emoY KoUo gdmZmM _mJXeH$ R>aoc.
D D D
A^J
Aj`, AZmXr, AZV, Anma& Amho gd}a,na_m_m&&
VmoMr gdm{Mò X`t ~gbm & Am_m Zm_ `mbm, XoVr lwVr&&
AZm_, A$n, d``moVr nyU& {Z`mZX| `mZ H$aU| `mMo&&
Amn AmnUmgr nmhmoZr`m KoU|& {MaOrd hmoU| òU| _mJ}&&
Xmg hUo O| H$s Ago eXmVrV & JwH$n|, g`, OmUm V| H$s&&
150 && MV`gy` &&
1
2
3
4
5
H$aU : 15
oZodrU H$m` Omco .... ho Vmo KS>oZm &&

lr_hmamOmMo H$m` Am{U H$m`nVr `m~c {dMma H$aVmZm EH$ Jmo> OmUdVo H$s, ho gd MS>
H$m` Amn`m gXJw${df`r`m Anma loVyZ Pmcoco Amho Am{U `mM doir `m locm lr_hmamOmZr
EH$ {dVV Aer dMm[aH$ ~R>H$ {Xcocr Amho. ""O_rZ MmJcr gwnrH$ nmhZ _m`m Zmdo ${MV
XmUm Q>mH$sV Om'' Agm AmXoe lr~m~mZr `m doir lr_hmamOmZm {Xcm `mM doir Amn`m
gX>Jw$`m H$m`mMr dOm AmnUmcm nwT>o `m`Mr Amho Am{U VoM Amnco EH$_od OrdZH$m` Amho
Agm {Z` lr_hmamOmZr Ho$cm hmoVm Am{U `mgmR>r `mZr "O_rZ MmJcr gwnrH$ H$aUo' ho Amnco
W_ H$V` _mZco. ""g_mOm`m CVrgmR>r g_mOnwfmMr godm H$aUo Am{U hr godm emew
Am{U _m` Aem doX{dm, nwamU{dm, Am`wdoX, `mo{Vf Aem nman[aH$ {dmMo gemoYZ, {ejU
Am{U Mma H$$Z H$aUo'' ho _wI C{> lr_hmamOm`m >rg_moa hmoVo. `m_wio lr~m~m`m _{XamV
AJa S>oadU òWrc WmZmV Oo Oo gU, g_ma^, Cgd d A` CnH$_ lr_hmamOmZr gw$ Ho$co,
`m{Z{_mmZo `m Wm, nanam, Omonmg`m qH$dm Z`mZo {Z_mU Ho$`m, `m òH$m_mJo lr_hmamOmMm
H$mhrEH$ {Z{V {dMma hmoVm, {Z{V C{> hmoVo. hUyZ `m-`m C{>m_mUo òH$mMo A`V
H$miOrnydH$ Ho$coco {Z`moOZ hmoVo. H$moU`mhr Jmo>rMr {Z`moOZnydH$ AmIUr H$aUo ho lr_hmamOm`m
H$m`mMo gdmV _hdmMo d{eQ> hmoVo.
òH$ CgdmMr AJa `kg_ma^mMr EH$ \$mBc V`ma H$$Z {V`m_ò gwn> eXmV `m
{Z`moOZmMm AmamIS>m {chZ R>od`mMr nV lr_hmamOmZr AJXr W_nmgyZ nmS>cr hmoVr. `m
\$m`cr_ò `m Cgdmg~Yr gd ~m~t`m Zm|Xr AgV Am{U Amd`H$ VoWo ZH$meo H$mT>yZ, ~g`mMr
`dWm, ^moOZm`m n$sMr aMZm qH$dm gOmdQ>rMr aMZm Aem Jmo>rgwm n> Ho$co`m AgV.
òH$ dfu Z`mZo `m \$m`cr {c{h`m OmV. `m_wio {c{hVmZm `mVrc òH$ ~m~rMr nwhm MMm
hmoD$Z, _mJrc doi`m AZw^dmZo H$mhr gwYmaUm Amd`H$ Ag`mg Vem H$$Z `m \$m`cr
A`mdV Ho$`m OmV. H$moUVohr H$m_ H$moUm EH$m `$sda Adc~yZ Agy Zò, Vo H$m_ H$a`mMr
O~m~Xmar EoZdoir Xwg`m `$rda nS>`mg `mbm Vo H$m_ ZrQ>nUo nwao H$aVm `mdo Agmhr `m
\$m`cr R>od`m_mJrc Coe hmoVm. Vn{ecdma Zm|Xt_wio nydV`marV H$moUVrhr CUrd amhmV Zgo.
EImXr Jmo> {d_aUm_wio amhZ Jocr Agohr hmoV Zgo.
H$moU`mhr H$m`H$ _mnydu H$m`H$`mMr ~R>H$ Ko`mMr lr_hmamOmMr nV hmoVr. lr~m~m _hmamOm`m
O`Vrgma`m _moR>m H$m`H$_mMo doir Va XmoZ-VrZ ~R>H$mhr KoV`m OmV Am{U `m ~R>H$mMo
oZodrU H$m` Omb|.. / 151
{Xdghr gdgmYmaUnUo R>acoco AgV. _m H$m`H$_ chmZ Agcm AJa _moR>m Agcm Var `mMo
{Z`moOZ gma`mM H$mQ>oH$moanUo Ho$coco Agm`Mo. {eVr`m ~m~VrV AJa `dWo`m ~m~VrV
H$moU`mhr H$mao e{W` òD$ {Xco OmV Zgo.
EImm `kmMr AmIUr H$am`Mr Agoc Va W_ do._y.go JwOter {dMma{d{Z_` H$$Z
`kmgmR>r `mo` Vmo H$mcmdYr, ~mUmMr CncYVm, ~mhoaJmdmhZ H$moU ~mU òUma, Wm{ZH$
{H$Vr ~mU AmhoV, H$moU`m JwOtH$S>o H$moU`m Ym{_H$ H$`mMr O~m~Xmar gmondm`Mr, `m gd
Jmo>r {dMmanydH$ R>a{d`m OmV. _J `kmAmYr XmoZ-AS>rM _{hZo, d`godH$mMr ~R>H$ ~mocmdyZ
`m_ò H$m_mMr O~m~Xmar R>adyZ Zmdm{Zer `mm ~Z{d`m OmV. `mM_mUo `m`mda Aer
O~m~Xmar gmondcr Amho, `mcm _XVZrg hUyZ H$m_ H$aUmao d`godH$hr {ZdS>co OmV.
n{h`m ~R>H$sZVahr XmoZ-VrZ doim d`godH$mMr ~R>H$ ~mocmdyZ Pmco`m H$m_mMm AmT>mdm
KoVcm OmB. `kmMm H$m`H$_, ~dXmMr amhm`m-Ood`mMr `dWm, ^moOZmMr Vn{ecdma `dWm;
`m_ò H$moU`m {Xder {H$Vr _mUgo Ano{jV AmhoV `mMm AXmO, `mM_mUo H$moUVo n$m,
H$moUVr ^mOr Ago gd H$mhr R>a{dUo, Mhm-nmUr Am{U {daOUmgmR>r {H$Vr XyY cmJoc, `kHw$S>
Am{U `k_S>n ~mYUo, JwOtgmR>r H$nS>o ~Xc`mMr OmJm, ^moOZ _S>nmMr `dWm Aem AZoH$
H$m_mMm Aem ~R>H$rV D$hmnmoh hmoB.
AemM EH$m ~R>H$sV KS>cocm EH$ gJ lr.adt namS>H$a `mZr gm{JVcm Vmo lr_hmamOm`m
H$m`nVrda Am{U {dMma H$a`m`m nVrda PJPJrV H$me Q>mH$Umam Amho. lr~m~m`m O`Vr
CgdmnyduMr d`godH$mMr EH$ AmT>mdm ~R>H$ gw$ hmoVr. lr_hmamO EH$EH$ ~m~rg~Yr
{dMm$Z Vmo {df` hmVmdoJim H$arV hmoVo. lr_hmamOmZr {dMmaco, ""Jg~`m `dpWV XwV
H$$Z AmU`m ?'' g~{YV d`godH$mZo hmoH$ma {Xcm. ""`m H$moR>o R>odco`m AmhoV ?'' _hmamOmZr
{dMmaco. `m d`godH$mZo, ""dPoH$mH$m`m ImocrV !'' Ago hQ>co. _hmamOmZr `m d`godH$mH$S>o
EH$ Vrd H$Q>mj Q>mH$cm. `m~amo~a Amnco H$mhrVar MwH$co `m OmUrdoZo `mZo _mZ Imcr KmVcr.
lr_hmamO `mcm hUmco, ""da ~K !'' `mcm _hmamOmH$S>o nmhm`mMo Y` hmoBZm. eodQ>r _hmamO
H$S>mS>co, ""da ~KVmog H$s _wH$Q>mV XoD$ ?'' AIoarg `mZo da nm{h`mda _hmamO hUmco,
""Vwcm H$moUr gm{JVco Vr Imocr dPoH$mH$mMr Amho hUyZ ?'' Vmo d`gdo H$ hUmcm, ""H$moUr Zmhr.''
""_J Vy Ago H$m hUmcmg ?'' lr_hmamOmZr {dMmaco. XmoZ VrZ doim `mcm VmoM {dMma`mda _J
Iw dPoH$mH$mZm `mZr {dMmaco, ""Vy `mcm Ago gm{JVcog H$m` ?'' `mZr "Zmhr' hUyZ gm{JV`mda
nwhm `m d`gdo H$mH$S>o diyZ lr_hmamO `mcm ImoXZy ImoXZy VmoM {dMm$ cmJco. hm H$ma VmgXrS> Vmg Mmcy hmoVm Am{U ~R>H$sMo H$m_ Wm~co hmoV.o eodQ>r `m d`gdo H$mZo Amncr MyH$ H$~yc Ho$cr.
_J lr_hmamO hUmco, ""Vr Imocr dPoH$mH$m`m ~mnmMr Zmhr. Vwhr gmao {Vcm dPoH$mH$mMr
152 && MV`gy` &&
Imocr hUV am{hcmV Am{U H$mcmVamZo Oa `mZr Amncm h$ gm{JVcm, Va H$moQ>-H$Moar H$a`mV
gWoMm doi Am{U ngm OmUma. Vohm Vr Imocr dPoH$mH$mMr ZgyZ {O`mImcMr Amho.'' `m
d`godH$mH$Sy>Z Vgo H$mZ Y$Z Ajae: Xhm doim dXdyZ KoVco. `mZVa _{XamVrc gd Imo`mZm
Z~a Xo`mV Amco Am{U _JM ~R>H$sMo H$m_ nwT>o gw$ Pmco.
lr~m~m`m _{XamV Am{U S>oadUcm dfâ {Za{Zamio gU, g_ma^, Cgd MmcyM AgV;
`m_wio Aem H$m`H$_mZm Amd`H$ Aem gd Jmo>r _{XamV gXd CncY Agm`mV, `mgmR>r
H$moR>o ~mhoa Omdo cmJy Zò, hUyZ lr_hmamOmZr EH$EH$ dVy nmaIyZ, {ZdSy>Z O_m Ho$cr hmoVr.
hOmamo _mUgm`m OodUm`m `dWogmR>r gwgm Aer d`nmH$Kao `m Xmohr WmZmV lr_hmamOmZr
V`ma Ho$cr. `m_ò chmZ M_`mnmgyZ _moR>m nmVo`mn`V gd ^mS>r _w~cH$ _mUmV KoVcocr
hmoVr. `mM~amo~a hr ^mS>r dmnamV ZgVrc Vohm R>od`mgmR>r _mS>`m, KS>d`m dJao H$$Z Vr
`dpWVnUo R>od`mMr gmo`hr `mZr H$$Z KoVcr. `m ^mS>mHw$S>m`m ZrQ>nUo `mm Ho$co`m
AgV. òH$ H$m`H$_m`m doir Amd`H$ VodT>rM ^mS>r dmnamgmR>r `mXr H$$Z H$mT>cr OmV
AgV. H$m`H$_ Pm`mda Vr ZrQ> YwD$Z-nwgyZ OmJ`m OmJr R>odcr OmV AgV. òH$ dVy {V`m
Zo_co`m OmJrM R>od`m{df`r _hmamOmMm AmJh Ago. `m_mUo hr ^mS>r AJXr ânya _mUmV
KoVcocr AmhoV, `mM_mUo Ymò dJao IaoXr H$aVmZmhr Vr Zoh_r Amd`H$Vonojm H$mhrnQ>rZo
A{YH$ IaoXr H$$Z R>odcr OmV AgV. _yJ, Mdir, dmQ>mUm Ago {Q>H$mD$ Zgcoco nXmW _m
Amd`H$ VodT>oM AmUco OmV AgV. Ymò MmJcr {ZdSy>Z, dmidyZ R>odcocr AgV. d`nmH$KamVrc
gd gm_Jr ZrQ>nUo gmR>dyZ R>odcocr Agm`Mr. Ym`m`m nmo`mMr Vm|S>o gwVirZo ~mYyZ R>odcocr
AgV. nrR>-_rR>, Jyi-gmIa Ago gmao S>`mV ZrQ> ^$Z S>`mMr PmH$Uo K> H$S>r cmdcocr
AgV. IaoXr H$aVmZm nanaoZo MmcV Amcoco gHo$V nmico OmV AgV. e{Zdmar qH$dm A_mdòcm
Voc, Vyn, cmoUr IaoXr Ho$co OmV Zgo. gmo_dmar qH$dm Xmof Agoc Va cmoUr H$T>{dco OmV Zgo. Mwcr
X{jUmoma _mS>`m OmV ZgV. d`nmH$KamV gdW_ lrAnyUm XodrMr WmnZm H$$Z _JM
d`nmH$mcm gwdmV hmoV Ago. AnyU}Mr amoO nyOm, AmaVr, Zdo Ho$cm OmV Ago. `m_wio d`nmH$Ka
gXd dN>, n{d Am{U g amhr. _moR>m H$m`H$_m`m doir ^moOZmMr Zo_H$s {H$Vr nmZo hmoVrc
`mMm AXmO ~mYUo H$_H$R>rU H$m_ AgVo. naVw lr_hmamOmda lrAnyU}Mr nyU H$nm hmoVr.
lr_hmamOmZr Ajae: cjmdYr cmoH$mZm doJdoJ`m H$m`H$_m`m doir ^moOZ XoD$Z V Ho$co. ho
EH$M H$m_ {H$Vr H$R>rU Amho ho "Omdo `m`m dem, Vohm H$io !' _m lrAnyUm XodrMm daXhV
lr_hmamOm`m nmR>rer hmoVm Am{U coH$amZm ImD$ KmcUm`m _mVoMr _m`m `m`m X`mV âcocr
hmoVr ho Z$s !
H$m`H$_m`m doir d`nmH$mMr `moOZm EH$m V`mda Vn{ecdma V`ma Ho$cocr Ago. `m_ò
òH$ {Xder {H$Vr _mUgo òVrc `mMm AXmO KoD$Z, `m {XderMr {VWr, dma cjmV KoD$Z H$moUVo
nXmW, H$moU`m ^m`m, MQ>`m H$am``m ho Zm|X{dco OmB. CndmgmMm {Xdg Ag`mg Vr doJir
`dWm H$amdr cmJo. ^m`m {H$Vr, qc~o, H$moqW{~ar`m OwS>m {H$Vr, XyY {H$Vr cmJoc, `mVrc
MhmgmR>r {H$Vr, {daOUmgmR>r {H$Vr, n$mmgmR>r {H$Vr hohr Zm|Xdcoco Ago. EImXr ^mOr CncY
Z Pm`mg n`m`r ^mOr H$moUVr ho R>a{dcoco Ago.
`m V`mMr EH$ V AnyUmJhmV cmdcocr Ago Am{U Xwgar lr_hmamOmOdi AgUm`m
\$mBc_ò cmdcocr Ago. d`nmH$JhmV H$m_ H$aUmao d`godH$, `mZm _XV H$aUmao d`godH$
Am{U nJVrV dmT>Umao d`godH$ `m`m `mmhr d`nmH$Jhmda cmdco`m Agm``m.
ho H$m_mMo dmQ>n H$aVmZm g~{ YV H$m_m`m òH$ nmàrMm {dMma H$$Z AJXr eodQ>`m nmàrn`V
H$m_mMr `dWm Z$s H$cocr Ago. CXmhaUmW : `mhmar, MhmnmZmMr `dWm H$aVmZm, Vr dmQ>`m`m
doim, dmQ>Umao d`godH$, Vr H$moR>o m`Mr; VoWrc Q>o~c, W_mg, H$n `mMr `dWm òWnmgyZ
dmnaco`m H$n~em, moU AJa Wm`m R>do `mgmR>r K_ocr H$moUr R>do m`Mr, H$n~em H$moUr {dgim``m
`m gd Jmo>tMm Vnerc ZrQ> R>a{dcocm Ago. `kg_ma^mgmaIo XrKH$mi MmcUmao H$m`H$ _ Agco H$s
`mhmar`m AmYr gdmZm nmMH$ Am{U gyVeoIa _mm {Xcr OmV Ago. ho nmMH$ Amco, qc~y, nmXocmoU,
gYd `mnmgyZ ~Z{dcoco Agm`Mo. amoO WmoS>o C{eam hmoUmao ^moOZ, `mV AgUmar gwJmg n$mo,
OmJaUo `m_wio AnMZ, {nm `mMm mg Amco`m ^$JUmZm hmoD$ Zò hUyZ hr I~aXmarMr
Cnm``moOZm Ho$cr OmV Ago. mg Pm`mda AmfYmonMmamgmR>r YmdmYmd H$a`mEodOr mg hmoD$ Zò
hUyZ AmYrM gmdY{Jar ~miJUo hr lr_hmamOmMr {dMmanVr hmoVr. nmMH$, _mm V`ma H$a`mMr
O~m~Xmar EH$m d`godH$mH$S>o gmon{dcocr Ago. Vmo _moR>m nmVo`mV Vr V`ma H$$Z `mhmar`m
doir chmZ nmVo`m_YyZ M_Mm Am{U PmH$Umgh hr gm_Jr `mhmar dmQ>Um`m d`godH$m`m
hdmcr H$aV Ago Am{U XaamoO `mhmar`m AmYr nmMH$, _mm AJXr {Z`{_VnUo ^$JUmZm Am{U
~dXmbm {Xcr OmV Ago. Mhm`m doimhr H$m`H$_mMo d$n Am{U doim cjmV KoD$Z R>a{dco`m
AgV. `kH$mimV qH$dm O`Vr Cgdm`m doir H$m`H$_ gH$mir cdH$a gw$ hmoVmV. `m doir
~dX Am{U _{XamV _w$m_mgmR>r Agcoco ~mhoaJmdmhZ Amcoco ^$JU Am{U d`godH$ `mMr
g`m _moR>r AgVo. `m_wio mV{dYr, AmKmoirgmR>r ^`m nhmQ>oM cJ~J gw$ hmoVo. Vohm nhmQ>o
nmM dmOVmM d`godH$ ZmZ H$$Z MhmMo W_mg KoD$Z Amnmn`m {Z`w$ OmJr Mhm Xo`mgmR>r
gm AgV. nw`m`m H$S>H$ WS>rV hm Ja_mJa_ Mhm gdmZmM VaVar AmUVmo. `m_wio ho MhmdmQ>n
gH$mir Am{U gm`H$mir ~amM doi Mmcy Ago. naVw H$sVZ, dMZ, AmaVr Aem H$m`H$_m`m
doir _m Mhm dmQn ~X R>od`mV òV Ago. Aem doir MhmnmZ H$arV a|JmiV Z ~gVm H$m`H$_mV
gh^mJr hmdo EdT>m {ddoH$ òH$mcm AgVmoM Ago Zmhr hUyZ hr I~aXmar KoVcr OmV Ago.
154 && MV`gy` &&
AZoH$Xm lr.adt namS>H$amH$S>o hr MhmMr `dWm lr_hmamO gmondrV AgV. EH$Xm AemM
EH$m Cgd gJr WS>rMo {Xdg Ag`m_wio cmoH$ nwhmnwhm Mhm KoV hmoVo. lr_hmamOm`m ZOaoVyZ
H$mhrM gwQ>V Zgo. Vo Mhm`m Q>o~cmOdi Amco Am{U `mZr H$S>H$ eXmV, gdmMr IaS>n>r
H$mT>cr, ""D$g JmoS> cmJcm hUyZ _wimgH$Q> ImD$ Zò. lr~m~m`m _{XamV H$moU`mhr Jmo>rMr
H$_VaVm Zmhr; naVw Varhr gdmZr _`mXoZo dmJmdo.'' namS>H$amH$S>o nmhZ, ""nwhm H$moUmcm naVnaV
Mhm {Xcmg Va Vwcm R>moHy$Z H$mT>rZ !'' Agm gmS> X_ âcm Am{U ZVa OmVmZm hUmco, ""Xo
Hw$Umcm Mhm nm{hOo Agoc Va !'' H$moUmMr A{ddoH$s, AdmOdr dmJUyH$ lr_hmamO IndyZ KoV
ZgV. n> eXmV Amncr ZmamOr `$ H$arV. ^$JUmMo _{XamVrc dmV` `mZm AmZXmMo,
gwImMo dmQ>mdo, `mMo AmXam{V` AmnwcH$sZo hmdo `mgmR>r lr_hmamO `ZmMr namH$m>m H$arV.
naVw H$moUr dmJ`m~moc`mV _`mXm{VH$_U H$$ nmhrc Va `mMr J` Ho$cr OmV Zgo.
`km`m Cgdm`m H$mimV OmXm ZmZJho, _wVm`m, emMHy$n VmnwaVo ~Z{d`mV òV. `mVrc
H$mhr ~dXmgmR>r amIrd AgV. Ja_ nm`mgmR>r EH$ _moR>r cmoIS>r Q>mH$s cmoIS>r JS>gda ~gdyZ
Imcr {dVd noQ>dcm OmB. nhmQ>o VrZ dmO`mnmgyZ `m Q>mH$sV H$S>H$S>rV Ja_ nmUr V`ma R>od`mgmR>r
EH$m _mUgmcm Zo_coco Ago.
_{XamV òUm`m ^$JUmZm lr~m~m`m Kar Amcoco nmhUo Ago g_OyZ dmJ{d`mV òV Ago.
doemamVyZ AmV Am`m~amo~a `m`m hmVmVrc ~J, diH$Q>r, {nedr Oo H$mhr gm_mZ Agoc Vo
JS>r _mUgo nwT>o hmoD$Z KoV Am{U OoWo `mMr CVa`mMr gmo` Ho$cocr Ago VoWo Vo ZoD$Z R>odco OmB.
gm_mZ {H$Vrhr hcHo$ Agco Var AJ`ndyH$ Ho$co`m `m chmZem H$VrZo Amco`m _mUgm`m
_ZmV MQ>H$Z EH$ OdirH$ {Z_mU hmoVo. Am`mZVa hmVnm` YwD$Z lr~m~mMo XeZ KoD$Z Am{U
`mZVa lr_hmamOmH$S>o OmD$Z `mZm Z_H$ma H$$Z AmnU Am`mMr dXu XoD$Z _JM Vmo ^$JU
Amn`m CVa`m`m OmJr OmV Ago. `m >rZohr hr nVr gmoBH$a hmoVr. nmh`mZm AmKmoirMo
Ja_ nmUr Vno`mVyZ CngyZ hmUrKamV ZoD$Z Xo`mgmR>r XmoZ JS>r Zo_coco AgV. AJXr gwdmVrcm
Va Jmm, Cem, cmoS> Aerhr gmJgJrV gmo` Ho$cocr Ago. ~S>XmVrgmR>r JS>r_mUgo AgV. p`mgmR>r
doJ`m {d^mJmV _mocH$aUr _XVrgmR>r gm AgV. {edm` gd Xj d`godH$ `mZm Zo_yZ
{Xcocr O~m~Xmar nma nmS>rV AgV. `m gd `dWoH$S>o, lr_hmamO Cgd qH$dm `kmMr JS>~S>
Mmcy Agcr Varhr, AYyZ_YyZ \o$ar _m$Z cj R>odrV. `m Aem \o$ar`m doir H$moR>o H$mhr CUrd
e{W` AmT>i`mg qH$dm H$mhr ~Xc Amd`H$ dmQ>`mg lr_hmamO âmâ Amd`H$ `m
gyMZm XoV AgV. gd H$mhr gwairV Mmcy Amho `mMr Imr H$$Z KoV. OmVmOmVm, H$moUr EImXm
^$JU AmOmar nS>cm Agoc Va `m`m AmfYnm`mMr, n`nm`mMr MmH$er H$$Z `m`m
ewlyfoMr ZrQ> `dWm Pmcr Amho `mMr Imr H$$Z KoV. chmZ _wcmZm XyY, _D$ ^mV `mMr gmo`
ZrQ>nUo hmoV Amho `mMr Imr H$arV. d, n`H$ar `mZm H$mhr AS>MU Zmhr Zm ho nmhmV. amr ~mam
dmO`mZVa Va h_Img gd \o$ar _m$Z gdmZm AW$UnmK$U {_imco Amho, WS>rV H$moUr
Hw$S>Hw$S>V Pmoncocm Zmhr ho nmhZM _J AWUmda dV: nmR> Q>oH$sV AgV.
Cgdm`m H$mcmdYrV gdmZm Amn`m AmXam{V`mZo gVw> H$aUmao lr_hmamO ^$mZm {Zamon
XoVmZm, Q>mdog, eQ>-nQ>Mo H$mnS> qH$dm YmoVa, emcr, p`mZm gmS>m Aem Jmo>r gmX hUyZ
XoD$ZM `mMr ~moidU H$arV. ~dXmbm nir-^mS>r, cmoH$arMr AmgZo, aoe_r H$X, Ja_ emcr
Aem dVy AmdOyZ XoV AgV. _w~BhZ ~arM ^$_S>ir Cgdmcm `m`Mr. _w~B-nwUo dmgmV
OmVmòVm hr _S>ir cmoUmd`mcm AmdS>rZo ~Q>mQ>m dS>m ImVmV Ago Oohm lr_hmamOmZm g_Oco,
VohmnmgyZ Cgd gn`mda naV`m`m {Xder Xwnma`m ^moOZmV ~Q>mQ>odS>o H$a`mMr nV
lr_hmamOmZr gw$ Ho$cr. lr_hmamO `m {Xder AmJh H$aH$$Z gdmZm ~Q>mQ>odS>o ImD$ Kmcm`Mo.
Cgdm`m H$mcmdYrV lr_hmamO {dcjU H$m``J Agm`Mo. gd Ym{_H$ {dYrV Ò_mZnXr
`mZm ~gmdo cmJo. Amco`m òH$ _mUgmcm Vo dV: ôQ>V AgV. CgdmVrc chmZ _moR>r
H$moUVrhr Jmo> `m`m nadmZJr{edm` Ho$cr OmV Zgo. gd Jmo>tMm Ahdmc `m`mOdiM {Xcm
OmB. gd {ZU` `mZmM `m`Mo AgV. gdH$mhr Zoh_rM `dpWVnUo hmoVo Ago Zmhr. H$mhr doim
AZno{jVnUo AS>MUrMo gJ òVmV, `mVyZ _mJ H$mT>m`Mm AgVmo.
doio`m ~m~VrV lr_hmamO A{Ve` AmJhr AgV. R>a`m doir R>a`m_mUo gd H$m`H$_ nma
nS>co nm{hOoV `m{df`r Vo Xj AgV. EH$Xm Jwnm{U_o`m {Xder, lr~m~m`m _{XamV doXemgn
nmR>H$emr `mMo dMZ gH$mir AmR> dmOVm R>aco hmoVo. {Z`mo{OV doir nmR>H$emr _{XamV
Amcoco ZhVo. lr_hmamOmZm ho g_OVmM, Vo gmodio Zogcoco hmoVo, VgoM _S>nmV Amco Am{U `mZr
dV: dMZmcm ma^ Ho$cm. Vmgâ dMZ Ho$co Am{U ZVa Amn`m H$m_mcm CRy>Z Joco. WmoS>o
C{eamZo _S>nmV nmohmoMcoco emr~wdm lr_hmamOmMr dmH$JJm EoHy$Z V Pmco; lmoVohr Y` Pmco. `m
gJmZo doioMo _hdhr `m dMZmBVHo$M qH$~hZm `m dMZmhZhr A{YH$ ^mdrnUo gdm`m
_Zmda R>gco.
`m Aem Jmo>t_wio lr_hmamOmZm Cgd H$mimV {XdgmMo Mmodrg Vmghr Anwao dmQ>m`Mo. naVw
Varhr lr_hmamO Amco`m òH$mcm jUâ H$m hmoBZm A`V o_mZo ôQ>m`Mo. H$moUmH$S>o Zoherc
H$Q>mj, H$moUm`m nmR>rda __Vmiy hmV, H$moUmH$S>o amoIyZ nmhZ Ho$coco _yH$ Varhr ânya ~mocUmao
p_V hm`, H$moUmOdi Ho$cocr Ka`mMr OwO~r MmH$er, H$moUm`m VòVrMr {dMmanyg, H$moUm~amo~a
X{jUo`m doir ZmMVmZm Q>mH$cocr Mma nmdc, H$moUm`m MmJ`m H$m_{JarMo H$mVwH$, EImm
chmZ _wcmer Ho$cocm c{S>dmi gdmX, EImm rMr _mhoadmerU g_OyZ Hoo$cocr MmH$er, `m
Aem ghOnUo Ho$co`m chmZchmZ Jmo>t_wio `m òH$mcm "lr_hmamO _cm ôQ>co' Aer gwIX
156 && MV`gy` &&
OmUrd hm`Mr Am{U `mMo `m WmZmer ZmVo AmUIr K> hm`Mo. ""gX>Jw$`m Ho$di XeZmZo,
nemZo, g^mfUmZo, `m`m H$nmH$Q>mjmZoXoIrc AkmZ {ZoVyZ Am_kmZ$nr OmJVr hmoVo,'' Aem
AWmMm EH$ gH$V cmoH$ Amho. lr_hmamOm`m Aem ghdmgm_wio ^$JU _Zmo_Zr _moh$Z OmV.
Vmo jU `m`m OrdZmda H$m`_ EH$ Agr_ AmZXmMr _moha CR>dyZM OmB. `mZm Amnco Am`w`
Y` Pm`mgmaIo dmQ>o. ^$mZm Aer AZw^yVr {_iV Ago Vr lr_hmamOmZm ^$m{df`r dmQ>Um`m
Ananma o_mVyZ ! Ho$di H$moaSm H$V`~wrVyZ qH$dm OZgnH$m`m nwVH$s Iw`m dmMyZ Ago
dmJVm òV Zmhr. `mgmR>r AmH$memhZ {demc X` cmJVo Am{U _mVoMo H$mirO cmJVo, X`mV
ggmJamgmaIr Imoc H$$Um cmJVo. ho gmao lr_hmamOmZm cm^co hmoVo `m`m gXJw$`m
H$nmerdmXmZo Am{U hUyZM O_â `mZr Amn`m ^$mZm Amn`m o_mZo hmD$ KmVco.
^$JUmda lr_hmamOmZr Ogo â^$Z o_ Ho$co, `mM_mUo `mZr {eVrMr {eH$dUhr gdmZm
{Xcr. Ogo o_ Anma Vgm {eVrMm AmJhhr. Amn`m Ym{_H$ WmZm_YyZ {eVr`m nmcZm{df`r
H$moUr \$magm AmJhr ZgVmo. naVw lr~m~mMo _{Xa VgoM S>oadUMo lr grVmam_~wdmMo _{Xa hr Xmohr
WmZo lr_hmamOmZr Am`w`mMo _moc XoD$Z {Z_mU Ho$cr, `mMm nm`m `mZr H$R>moa {eVrZo KmVcm
Amho.
_{XamV ^$JUmZr H$moUVr {eV nmim`Mr `mMo _mJXeZ H$aUm`m gyMZm {d{dY \$cH$mda
R>iH$ AjamV _mo`m`m OmJr cmdco`m hmo`m. `m {Xder lr~m~m`m WmZmMo crO hmoS>a
hUyZ lr_hmamOmZr O~m~Xmar CMccr, `m {X. 18.08.1956 `m {Xder EH$Xa 15 {d{dY
gyMZm H$aUmam \$cH$ g_m{Y_{XamV cmd`mV Amcm. `mVrc gdM gyMZm _{XamMo nm{d` Am{U
_mhm` amI`mgmR>r A`V Amd`H$ AmhoV. `m A`V AZmcH$V, amoIR>moH$ ^mfoV {c{hco`m
AmhoV. `mnwT>o `m WmZmV H$em H$ma`m AmMaUmMr, {eVrMr Anojm Amho `mMr H$nZm `m
gyMZm_YyZ n>nUo òVo. `m \$cH$m~amo~aM `mM {Xder, CgdmgmR>r Amco`m _S>itgmR>r 11
_mJXeH$ {Z`_ Agcocm \$cH$hr cmd`mV Amcm. Vmohr AgmM gS>oVmoS> eXmV {c{hcocm Amho.
`m XmoZ _w` \$cH$mIoarO A` AZoH$ gyMZm \$cH$ doJdoJ`m {R>H$mUr cmdcoco hmoVo Am{U `m
gd {Z`_-gyMZmMr A_c~OmdUr {dZm-AndmX Ho$cr OmV Ago.
{X. 28.10.1973 amoOr lr~m~mMo Om_mV lr.ZriH$R>amd Iao `mZm {c{hco`m nmV lr_hmamOmZr
`m dfu`m O`Vr Cgdm`m V`mar g~YmZo H$mhr Jmo>r H$i{d`m AmhoV. chmZ _wcmZm Am`mp_H$
H$m`H$_mV Mr ZgVo, `mMo d` Ioi`m-~mJS>`mMo AgVo. `m_wio O`Vr Cgdm`m doir ghm
dfmImcrc chmZ _wcmZm AmUy Zò Aem gyMZm gd ^$mZm {Xco`m hmo`m. `mgX^mV lr_hmamO
{c{hVmV, ""H$moU`mhr H$maUmVd _cm AJa _S>imcm `m {Z`_mMm ^J H$aVmZm H$moUr AmT>icm
Va _cm `m doir _mPo MwcVo, _m_m, ~{hUr, ^mD$, _md`m `mnH$s _mPo H$moUrhr ZmVodmBH$ AgVrc
Va `mZm CgdmMo Mma {XdgmV _r ltMo WmZmV òD$ XoUma Zmhr d `mZm nana Xadm`mVyZ naV
Omdo cmJoc.'' EH$Xm lr_hmamOmMo {ZH$Q>Mo ZmVodmBH$ chmZ _wcmcm KoD$Z Cgdmcm Amco hmoVo.
Xmamdarc d`godH$ gmeH$ _ZmZo lr_hmamOmZm ho gmJm`cm Jocm. naVw `mZr {Z`_mZwgma, `m
ZmVodmBH$mZm XmamVyZM naV nmR>{dco.
lr_hmamO {Z`_ nmcZmg~Yr H$R>moa Ag`m_wioM H$moUrhr {Z`_^J H$a`mMr qh_V H$arV
Zgo. `m_wio AmnmoAmnM gd H$m`H$_ gwairV, `dpWV, doio~ahHy$_ nma nS>V.
naVw {eV A_cmV AmU`mgmR>r A` H$moU`mhr A{YH$mamMm Cn`moJ hmoV Zmhr; \$$ Z{VH$
A{YH$ma AJr AgUmar `$sM Xwg`mZm Ho$di AmXoe XoD$Z {eV cmdy eH$Vo Am{U hm A{YH$ma
Ho$di dV: {eVrMo H$mQ>oH$moa nmcZ H$$ZM AmnmoAmn {_iV AgVmo. lr_hmamO gXd {Z`_mMo
nyUV: nmcZ H$aUmao hmoVo, _J Vo {Z`_-gaH$mar H$m`Xo AgmoV, H$s Ym{_H$ AmMma-{dMma AgmoV,
gm_m{OH$ g`VoMo {Z`_ AgmoV qH$dm EImm gWo`m-WmZm`m `dWo`m >rZo Ho$coco {Z`_
AgmoV. {ejo`m YmH$mZo Zho Va gXgX{ddoH$ ~wr`m YmH$mZo {Z`_ nmim`Mo AgVmV hr _hmamOmMr
{eH$dU AZoH$ gJmVyZ {XgyZ òVo.
hr {eV Oer d`{$H$ dmJ`m`m ~m~VrV Ano{jV hmoVr `mM_mUo H$m`H$_m`m Am`moOZmVhr
Vr JhrV Yacocr Ago. {Z_U n{Ho$V Amd`H$ `m gyMZm n>nUo {Xco`m AgVM; `mM~amo~a
{Z_{VmZo H$moU`m {Xder {H$Vr _mUgmgh òUo Ano{jV Amho ho Z_yX Ho$coco Agm`Mo. lr_hmamOm`m
_werV V`ma Pmcoco ^$JU lr_hmamOmMr BN>m {eagmd _mZyZ `m_mUo hOoar cmdm`Mo. `m_wio
gmh{OH$M, CgdmMo gd {Xdg CnpWVr gmaIr {d^mJcr OmD$Z `dWoda VmU nS>V Zgo.
ZmZ, Mhm, `mhmar, `mgmR>r gd {R>H$mUr amJm cmdyZ H$_mZo Jo`m_wio H$moR>ohr JS>~S>, Jm|Yi
hmoV Zgo. H$sVZ-dMZ-Zm__aU Aem gJr gd OU C`m AmS>`m aofoV `dpWVnUo ~g`mMr
nV nmS>`m_wio lmoVdJmMo EH$Xa ` _Zmohmar {Xgo. EdT>oM Zho, Va ~w$m cmd`mgmR>r,
AmaVrMo V~H$ {\$a{d`mgmR>r d`godH$ JXrVyZ ghOnUo {\$$ eHo$. ~dXmMr nmamÙmcm,
AmdVZmZm ~g`mMr `dWm AJXr O{_Zrda Mw`mZo aoKm AmIyZ Ho$cocr Ago. ^moOZm`m nJVrhr
Aem aoKm AmIyZ gai aofoV KoVco`m AgV. H$m`H$_ gn`mda VrW-gmXhr AgmM amJoV C`m
Agco`m ^$mZm dmQ>`mV òV Ago.
g_m{Y_{XamV _{hcmgmR>r XmoZ gyMZm {c{hco`m AmhoV, ""òWo òUm`m _m`^{JZtZr _hmam>r`
nohoamdmVM `mdo. eQ>, nQ>, nOm~r AJa Vg_ nohoamdmV ò`mg _ZmB Amho Am{U `m WmZmV
XeZmg òUm`m _m`^{JZtZr emcrZVoZo dmJmdo d Amnco eara `dpWV[aVrZo AmN>m{XV R>odmdo.''
nwfmH$[aVm n> Aem gyMZm {c{hco`m Zg`m Var `mMmhr nmofmI gw`mo` Agmdm Aer Anojm
AgVo. AmnU _{XamV OmV AmhmoV, VoWrc dmVmdaUmer gJVr amIUmam, gXm{^{MnyU nmofmI
158 && MV`gy` &&
Agmdm hr \$ma _m\$H$ Anojm Ago.

XeZmcm òUm`m AR>amnJS> cmoH$mH$Sy>Z `mnojm A{YH$ H$mhr Anojm H$aUo `W AgVo. naVw
_{XamV {Z`{_VnUo òD$Z VoWrc H$m`H$_mV g{H$` gh^mJ KoUm`m, H$m_mMm Andn dmQ>m
CMcUm`m d`godH$mZm, r-nwfmZm lr_hmamOmZr "WmZmMm JUdof' {Xcm.
{`mZm nydu AJXr nJVrV dmT>`m`m H$m_mVhr gh^mJr hmoVm òV Ago. naVw nwT>o Cgdm`m
d$nmV dmT> Pm`mda nwf d`godH$mZr H$m_mMm ~amMgm ^mJ CMccm. {`mgmR>r Xodmcm
AmodmiUo, \$io H$mnyZ R>odUo, {dS>o V`ma H$aUo, _Q>ma gmocUo, Am`mMm ag H$mT>Uo, amJmo`m
KmcUo Aer H$m_o Xo`mV Amcr. _m hr gd H$m_o H$amd`mMr AgVrc Va `m d`go{dHo$Zo ZD$dmar
gmS>rM Zog`mMr nydAQ> Ago. `mM_mUo nwf d`godH$mZr YmoVa-gXam Aem dofmV WmZmV
dmdamdo, Mhm-`mhmar, ^moOZ dmT>VmZm `mZr gXam-JOr\$mH$ H$mTy>ZM dmT>`mMo H$m_ H$amdo Aer
{eV lr_hmamOmZr KmcyZ {Xcr hmoVr.
`m~m~V lr_hmamOmMr ^y{_H$m n> hmoVr. mWZmWir OmVmZm A` Y_u` cmoH$hr Ago
nmofmIm~m~VMo `mMo `mMo gHo$V, {Z`_ nmiVmV. AZoH$ {R>H$mUr JUdof g$sMm AgVmo. emim_ò
AmnU JUdof dmnaVmo. H$mh|Q> emioV qhXy _wctZm H$nmimda Hw$Hy$ cmdy XoV ZmhrV, Vo AmnU
{dZmVH$ma _m` H$aVmo. nmm` XoemV AJXr ^moOZ g_ma^mgmR>rhr nmofmIm{df`r {Z{V gHo$V
AgVmV. {Z_U n{Ho$Vhr Vgm CoI Ho$cocm AgVmo. Amn`m XoemVhr H$mhr _moR>m hmQ>og_ò
{d{e>> nmofmImV Z Jo`mg XmamVyZM naVdyZ cmdco OmVo. _m Am_`m _{XamV nmofmImMo {Z`_
Ho$`mg ZmamOrMm gya H$emgmR>r ? Agm lr_hmamOmMm Ago.
lr_hmamOmZr Ho$co`m ~moYZm_wio, AmO nwUo-S>oadU òWo hmoUmao gd H$m`H$_ nmhmVmZm ew^
YmoVa, gXam, Q>monr KmVcoco ^$JU Am{U gmS>m Zogco`m {`m `m_wio H$m`H$_mMr emo^m
Ananma dmT>Vo, dmVmdaUmV Cgmh âVmo Am{U H$m`H$_mcm EH$ doJir emZ m hmoVo.
"rd' hm lr_hmamOmMm A`V AmXamMm {df` hmoVm. g_mOmV rMo WmZ AmXamMo Agmdo.
KamV Vr Jhdm{_Zr Agmdr. H$moR>ohr rMr AdhocZm, _mZIS>Zm hmoD$ Zò. r hr g_mOmMr
{Z`H$ e$s hmdr. {edam`mgmaIr ZaaZo {`mM g_mOmcm XoD$ eH$VmV. rZo Amn`m _wcmcm
"gwnw' Ho$cm Va am>mcm gw~w Am{U O~m~Xma ZmJ[aH$ {_iyZ am>moma hmoVmo, hUyZ {`mda
g_mOm`m CWmZmMr O~m~Xmar Amho. nm{d` Am{U nm{Vd` hr rMr ~cWmZo AmhoV VrM rMo
ajU H$$ eH$VmV, Ago lr_hmamO Zoh_r gmJV AgV.
{`mZr ZmoH$ar H$a`mMo ~m~VrV lr_hmamO \$mago AZwHy$c ZhVo. nwfmZr g_mJmZo Hw$Qw>~mgmR>r
H$_dmdo Am{U {`mZr Hw$Qw>~m`m Cnm`m n[aKmV ZrQ>ZoQ>Ho$nUo ggma H$$Z g_mYmZmZo amhmdo
Aer `mMr Anojm Ago. {`mZr Amn`m gXmMaUmZo Am{U Z{VH$ gm_`m`m Omoamda nwfmZm
{ZÙmV R>odmdo hUOo g_mOmMm A`wX` hmoBc Ago lr_hmamOmMo gmJUo hmoVo. nwT>rc {nT>m`m
OS>UKS>UrMo H$m_ {`m A{YH$ O~m~XmarZo H$$ eH$VmV Am{U Vo `mZr H$amdo Aer _hmamO
{`mZm H$iH$irMr {dZVr H$arV.
Cgdm`m JXuV {`mMm _mZ amIcm Omdm, `mZm H$moUrhr A{` dmJUyH$ XoD$ Zò `m >rZo
lr_hmamOmZr XjVoZo AZoH$ Jmo>r Ho$`m hmo`m. Cgdm`m doir r-nwfmMr {Zdmg `dWm,
~R>H$ `dWm doJdoJir Ago. _{Xam`m AmdmamV r-nwfmZr EH$ CR>`m-~g`mMr, JnmJmo>r H$a`mMr nV Zmhr. `mM_mUo {`m`m H$m`H$_mV nwfmZr qH$dm nwfm`m H$m`H$_mV
{`mZr gh^mJ Ko`mg nadmZJr Zgo. ^moOZm`m doir {`m`m nJVr AmYr Am{U `mZVa
nwfmMm H$_ Ago. nmcIr X{jUo`m doir {`mMm g_yh nmcIr`m _mJo amhZ X{jUm nyU
H$arV Ago. WmZm`m Amdmam~mho$Z X{jUo`m doir qH$dm {edO`Vr`m {_adUwH$s`m doirhr
{`mMr doJir gwajm `dWm Ago. amr`m H$m`H$_m`m doir drO nwadR>mda Adc~yZ Z
amhmVm, Jg~`mMr `dWm Ago, Vrhr _w`do {`mMr gwa{jVVm cjmV KoD$ZM Ho$cocr Ago.
_{XamVrc nyOm-AMm, A{^foH$ gmod`mZo Ho$co OmV AgV. d`nmH$ gmod`mZo Ho$cm OmV
Ago. d`nmH$JhmV Amod`mZo Om`mg g$ _ZmB Ago. qH$~hZm d`nmH$JhmV R>amdrH$M `$sZm
Am{U Vmohr gmod`mZoM doe Ago. Vem Ame`mMr n> gyMZm XmamVM cmdcocr Ago. Zdo
gmod`mZoM XmI{dco OmV AgV. lr~m~m`m _{XamVrb Jm^m`mV \$$ gmod`mZoM doe {Xcm
OmV Ago. hiX Hw$Hy$, AjVm, ZmaimMo nmUr lt`m _yVuda AJa {V_oda CS>{d`mg _ZmB Ago.
Oo H$mhr dhmd`mMo Agoc Vo gmod`mVrc nwOm`mH$Sy>Z AnU H$am`Mo.
_{XamV Cgdm`m doir qH$dm A` doirhr naJmdhZ H$moUmcm `md`mMo Agoc Va nmZo qH$dm
\$moZd$Z nydgyMZm XoUo Amd`H$ hmoVo (n H$. 16, n[a{e> H$. 4). `m_ò XmoZ _hdm`m Jmo>r
hmo`m. lr_hmamO nwUo, S>oadU, _w~B Aem VrZhr {R>H$mUr AYyZ_YyZ OmV òV AgV. Xw$Z Amncm
doi Am{U ngm IM H$$Z òUm`m _mUgmcm Oa ôQ> {_imcr Zmhr Va `mcmhr dmBQ> dmQ>o Am{U
lr_hmamOmZmhr Vo eV dmQ>V Zgo. `m_wio ôQ> e` Zg`mg lr_hmamO `m ^$mcm Vm~S>Vmo~
Vgo H$idrV AgV. `mM_mUo òUm`m _mUgmMr gyMZm AmYr {_imcr Agoc Va `mMr `dWm
ZrQ> R>odVm òB. AMmZH$ Amco`m nmh`m_wio _{XamVrc `dWm {~KSy> eH$Vo. ho Q>mi`mgmR>r
Am{U ^$JUm_ò {eV Am{U O~m~XmarMo ^mZ ò`mgmR>r hm nm`S>m lr_hmamOmZr OmUrdnydH$
nmS>cm hmoVm. _{XamV _w$m_mcm Amco`m _mUgmZo ~mhoa OmVmZm lr_hmamOmZr nadmZJr KoD$ZM
~mhoa Om`Mo Ago. Iao Va ""Cgdmcm Amco`m _mUgmZr JmdmV OmD$Z ^Q>H$Vr H$$ Zò AJa
A` `mog OmD$ Zò. Mma {Xdg òWoM amhmdo,'' Agm n> {Z`_M \$cH$mda {c{hcocm Amho.
"Jw^$s' hm nyU doioMm `dgm` Agmdm. ""nw`mcm Cgdmcm OmV AmhmoV Va ndVr, Vwier~mJ
160 && MV`gy` &&
nU nmhZM KoD$ qH$dm ~aoM {XdgmV Z ôQ>co`m ZmVodmBH$mZmhr ôQy>Z òD$'' Agm "gyk' {dMma
H$aUo lr_hmamOm`m Jw^$sV ~gV ZhVo. CgdmgmR>r AmcmM AmhmV Va Mma {Xdg ~m
cmo^ZmnmgyZ _w$ amhZ Amn`m AV:H$aUmV S>moH$mdyZ nmhm, qMVZ H$am, Zm__aU, CnmgZm
H$am. Mma {Xdg mn{MH$ OJmVyZ A{c amhm Ago lr_hmamOmMo gmJUo Ago.
_{XamV H$moU Amcm, H$moU Jocm BH$S>o lr_hmamOmMo cj Ago. `mM_mUo _{XamV òUm`m
òH$ dVyH$S>o `mMo cj Agm`Mo. hma, gmX, Zmai `m `{V[a$ H$moUVrhr dVy _{XamV
lr_hmamOm`m nadmZJr{edm` AmUVm òV Zgo. `mMm drH$ma lr_hmamO H$arV ZgV. `mM_mUo
AmUcocr òH$ dVy, AJXr XaamoOMr dV_mZnogwm W_ lr~m~m`m nwT>o R>od`mV òV AgV.
lr~m~mZr nm{h`mda _J BVamZr Vr nmhm`Mr. gdH$mhr ~m~mMo Amho hr `m_mJrc ^mdZm.
_{XamVrc H$moUVrhr dVy H$moUmcm m`Mr Agoc Va Vr `m`m AZw_VrZo qH$~hZm `m`mM
hVo {Xcr Om`Mr. hm {Z`_ AJXr VVmoVV nmicm Om`Mm. _{XamVrc H$ma^mamMo EH$gyr {ZÙ
H$a`mgmR>r hm {Z`_ A`V Amd`H$ Am{U MmVw`mMm Amho.
_{XamVrc _w$m_ gndyZ {ZKVmZm ^$JUmZm gmX Xo`mV òB Am{U Vmo lr_hmamO dV: XoV
AgV. gmX, AJmam, gwR>dS>m `m`mgmo~V e|JXmUo hmVmda {_imco `mMm AW _w$m_ hc{d`mMr
Amkm {_imcr. hm gmX {_im`m{edm` H$moUrhr _{XamVyZ ~mhoa nS>V Zgo. `m_wio OmUm`m
òH$mcm OmVmZm lr_hmamOmMm o_i {Zamon {_iV Ago.
Aem `m gd Wm nanam`m gmhm`mZo lr_hmamOmZr lr~m~m`m ^$JUm_ò EH$ doJir
gH$Vr, EH$ doJim godmY_, EH$ g_nUdmr `mMo ~rOmamonU Ho$co, `mgmR>r O{_Zr`m _emJVrnmgyZ
H$> Cngco Am{U hUyZM AmO lr~m~mMo ho eoV Cm_ ~hamg Amco Amho.
D D D
A^J
Am_m Vmo Jm {Z`, òa V| A{Z`& Am_m EH$ g`, rOJVt&&
Am_m, {ZaVa, d`^ nmht& dgo Vmo X`t gdH$mi&&
Zmoho `mgr VwQ>r, KS>VmMr ôQ>r& Am_m OJOoR>t, Xod nmht &&
Am_mam_t `mZ bmJmo {ZaVa& VoUo Vy gda _w$ hmogr &&
1
2
3
4
H$aU : 16
AVrd gwX a S>ao dU Jm_ & VoWrc {XZH$_ d{UVgo &&

{X. 18 OmZodmar 1969 amoOr lr grVmam_~wdmZr Xoh R>odbm Am{U VohmnmgyZ S>oadU òWrc
H$m`mMr Ywam gddr lr_hmamOmZr CMccr. lrgV grVmam_~wdm dmcmdcH$a M[aQ>o~c Q>Q>Mr
WmnZm lr_hmamOmZr lrgrVmam_~wdmMo A`gH$ma H$a`mgmR>r `m {Xder O_co`m ^$JUm`m
gmjrZo Ho$cr hmoVr. Vmo Q>Q> {X. 17 Owc 1969 amoOr Zm|X{d`mV Amcm. `m Q>Q>Mr H$m`H$jm
nw`mVrc WmZmV Ho$`m OmUm`m H$m`mnojm WmoS>r doJ`m d$nmMr hmoVr Am{U A{YH$ `mnH$
hmoVr. nw`mVrc H$m`mMo d$n Ym{_H$ Am{U Am`mp_H$ H$m`H$_mZm mYm` XoUmao Amho, Va
S>oadU òWrc H$m`H$joV {ejU, Amamo`, eoVrgwYmaUm AmXr Jmo>t`m gmhm`mZo gd g_mOmMm
Am{WH$ Va CMmdUo, am>m`m XoXr`_mZ B{VhmgmMr _Vr OmJdyZ g_mOmV MV` {Z_mU H$aUo
Am{U g_mOm`m ^m{VH$ JVrg MmcZm XoVmZmM, `m`m Ym{_H$ Am{U Am`mp_H$ Om{UdmZm
AmH$ma XoD$Z AmXe g_mO {Z_mU H$aUo, `m Jmo>tda â Xo`mV Amcm Amho. `m >rZo lr_hmamOmZr
1969 gmcmnmgyZ S>oadU òWrc WmZmMr C^maUr H$er Ho$cr Vmo B{Vhmg g_OyZ KoUo A`V
_hdmMo Amho.
lr_hmamOm`m S>oadU òWrc dmV`mVrc `mMm {XZH$_ AJXr âJM Ago. nhmQ>o 3-4
dmOVm CRy>Z lr_hmamO n`dhma nmhmV AgV. Amco`m òH$ nmcm Cma nmR>dyZ `mMr Zm|X
_yi nmda Ho$cocr Ago. EImm nmcm Cma nmR>dUo Amd`H$ Zgoc Va Vgo `m nmda Zm|X{dcoco
Ago. {edm` nwUo Am{U S>oadU `m Xmohr WmZmVrc H$ma^ma MmcdVmZm Amn`m gyMZm qH$dm
`moOZm g~{YV _mUgmZm H$i{dUo, `m`m H$m`dmhrg~Yr nmR>nwamdm H$aUo, `m`m AS>MUt`m
gX^mV _mJXeZ H$aUo, `mgmR>r _hmamOmZm hOmamo no {chmdr cmJV, H$maU `m doir gnH$mgmR>r
XyadZrMm dmna AmO`m EdT>m ghOgm` ZhVm. Amn`m Ag` ^$JUmH$Sy>Z Amcocr no
dmMyZ lr_hmamO `mZm nmmao AZoH$ ~m~rV _mJXeZ H$arV. `m nm_ò ^$JUm`m mn{MH$
AS>MUr AgV, Am`mp_H$ _mJXeZmgmR>r qH$dm eH$m{ZagZmgmR>r {dMmacoco AgV, VgoM
Amnco _Z _moH$io H$a`mgmR>r AZoH$ OU Amnmncr d`{$H$ Xw:Io lr_hmamOmnwT>o nmVyZ _mS>V. `m
gdmZm Cmao XoVmZm lr_hmamO `m`m nmMr AmWodmBH$nUo XIc KoD$Z `mZm Iwcmgodma Cmao
{chrV.
lr_hmamOmMr {cImUmMr ecr gmYr, gmonr, gai Am{U gwn> hmoVr. nmVrc _wo H$_dma
_mSy>Z `mZm H$_mH$ Xo`mMr `mMr nV hmoVr. gyMZm n> Am{U {Z:g{XY eXmV AgV, OoUoH$$Z
162 && MV`gy` &&
A_c~OmdUr H$aUm`m _mUgm`m _ZmV H$moU`mhr H$maMm gXoh {Z_mU hmoD$ Zò. nmVrc
`w{$dmX H$gco`m d{H$cmcm cmOdrc EdT>m {~ZVmoS> Ago. Amn`m ^$JUmZm Am`mp_H$
_mJXeZ H$aUmar `mMr no CnXoena da{MV qH$dm gVm`m H$m`mZo ZQ>cocr AgV. Aem nmVyZ
lr_hmamOmMm ^$m{df`rMm {Ohmim eXmeXmVyZ OmUdVmo. hm n`dhma lr_hmamO ^`m
nhmQ>o CRy>Z nmhmV AgV, H$maU `mgmR>r Amd`H$ Vmo {ZdmVnUm nhmQ>oM {_iy eHo .
gH$mir JS>r_mUgo Amcr H$s lr_hmamO gw$ Agco`m {Za{Zam`m H$m_mMm AmT>mdm KoD$Z,
nwT>rc H$m_o `mZm Zo_yZ XoV AgV. lr_hmamO S>oadU _w$m_r Amcoco AmhoV hr dmVm H$Um}nH$Uu
AmOy~mOy`m JmdmVyZ ngacocr Ago. _J lr_hmamOmZm o_mZo ôQ>m`cm òUm`m JmdH$`mer ~mocyZ
lr_hmamO `mMo hmchdmc OmUyZ KoV AgV. ZD$`m gw_mamg `mhmar Pmcr H$s _hmamO \o$a\$Q>H$m
_mam`cm ~mhoa nS>V Am{U WmZm`m n[agamV Mmccocr doJdoJir H$m_o dV: ZOaoImcyZ KmcrV.
S>oadU WmZmMm n[aga \$maM _moR>m Amho. Vmo gnyUnUo {\$$Z `m`cm lr_hmamOmZm VrZgmS>Vo rZ Vmg cmJV. {ZdmgWmZmVyZ ~mhoa nS>co H$s _mS>d, g_m{Y_{Xa, H$moR>rMr Imobr, CgdmgmR>rMo
d`nmH$Ka, B_maVr_mJrb PmS>o, H$c_o, gwVmaemim Aem gd {R>H$mUr \o$ar _m$Z lr_hmamO
~maH$mBZo gd Jmo>tMr nmhmUr H$arV. B_maVt`m q^Vrda qH$dm A` H$moR>o ~mYH$m_mda, {d{harV
CJdcoco chmZgo PmS>hr `m`m ZOaoVyZ gwQ>V Zgo. {\$aVmZm WmZmVrc godH$mnH$s g~{YV cmoH$
gmo~V AgV. `mZm gmJyZ Vm~S>Vmo~ Vo PmS> H$mTy>Z, _wimer MwZm ^$Z Vo nwhm CJdUma Zmhr Agm
~Xmo~V Ho$cm OmB. H$m_ Mmcy AgVmZm AJa ZgVmZmhr gm_mZ AVm`V nS>coco `mZm AmdS>V
Zgo. cmHy$S>gm_mZ, aoVr, IS>r ho gd `dpWVar`m aMyZ, `mMo JQ> qH$dm T>rJ H$$Z ZrQ>nUo
R>odcoco AmhoV `mMr Vo Imr H$$Z KoV. gwVmaemioV AmR>-Xhm gwVmamZm nwaoc EdT>o H$m_ Zoh_r
Ago. B_maVtgmR>r Xmao, {IS>`m dJao V`ma H$aUo, nmdgm`mV eoVrMr AdOmao ~Z{dUo, `mMr
XwVr XoI^mc Aer H$m_o H$aUmao gwVma, WmZmV OdiOdi dfâ JwVcocoM AgV. B_maVrMo
cmHy$S>gm_mZ, ~m~y, dmgo, g|Q>[aJ`m \$`m, Mm`m H$Yrhr Chm-nmdgmV CKS>mda nSy> Z XoVm
`mgmR>r N>na H$$Z Vo ZrQ>nUo aMyZ R>odcoco Agm`Mo. {g_|Q>, no `m`mgmR>r JmoXm_mMr gmo`
Ho$cocr hmoVr. gmYZgm_JrMm An`` hmoD$ Zò, hoigmS> hmoD$Z Vr {ZH$m_r hmoD$ Zò `m{df`r
lr_hmamO AmJhr AgV. dVy OnyZ Iam~ Z hmoD$ XoVm H$em gmR>dyZ R>odm``m `m{df`r lr_hmamO
WmZmVrc _mUgmZm `j ôQ>r`m doir AJa nmVyZ dmadma gyMZm XoV AgV. ZmQ>oH$a, {^S>o,
~mJcH$a, amdVo dJao WmZmVrc `dWm nmhUm`m godH$mZm lr_hmamOmZr `dWo{df`r Or
Vn{ecdma no {c{hcr AmhoV Vr _wimVyZ dmM`mgmaIr AmhoV. `m gd nmMo gH$cZ Ho$co Va Vmo
CH$> `dhmaH$moe hmoBc. lr dhmiH$a~wdmZr lr_hmamOm`m Am`mp_H$ gmYZo{df`r "ho EH$m
O_mMo Zho Va O_O_mVarMo g{MV kmZ Amho' Ago hQ>co hmoV.o `mdhm[aH$ kmZm{df`rgwm AgoM
AVrd gwXa S>oadU Jm_.. / 163
hUmdo cmJoc EdT>o Vo gd Acm{H$H$ d$nmMo hmoV.o

Zmair-nmo\$irMr ~mJ, Ho$ir, AZZg, \w$c~mJ, ^mOrnm`mMo _io, _mS>d, H$c_o, JwamMo
JmoR>o, {d{har, nm`mMo hmX, Mmcy Agcocr ~mYH$m_o, Amdmam`m gr_odarc q^Vr, {d{hardarc
nn, B{OZo, `mMr XwVrMr h`mao Aem AZoH$ Jmo>tMr nmhmUr H$aV lr_hmamO gH$miMr \o$ar nyU
H$arV AgV.
eoVrgmR>r lr_hmamOmZr nYam-gmoim ~cOmoS>m nmico`m hmo`m. `m{edm` JmB-dmgao dJao
{_iyZ gmR>m`mda OZmdao JmoR>mV hmoVr. H$mhr JmB Xw^`m Va H$mhr JmB ^mH$S>hr hmo`m. `mMr
nmiUyH$ ^yVXò`m ^mdZoVyZ Ho$cr OmV Ago. JwamZm MadyZ AmU`mgmR>r OmKir Zo_coco hmoVo.
JmB-dmgamgmR>r Ma`mMr OmJm doJir, OmKir doJim Ago. Xwgam OmKir ~b Xwg`m Hw$aUmV ZoV
Ago. AJXr hmVmar OZmdao AmUIr doJ`m {R>H$mUr Mamd`mcm gmoS>cr OmV.
H$moH$UmV JmoR>mcm "dmS>m' hUVmV. Ago Mma dmS>o OZmdamgmR>r ~mYcoco hmoVo. Vo dmS>o dN>
R>od`mgmR>r, eoUJmoR>m H$a`mgmR>r doJdoJio JS>r Zo_coco AgV. `mZr `m dmS>mMr {ZJm XjVmnydH$
amIm`Mr Ago. dmS>mV I>o nS>coco AmhoV, `mV _c_y gmR>coco Amho ho lr_hmamOmZm A{O~mV
MmcV Zgo. OZmdao Mam`cm ~mhoa OmVrc Vohm PmS>cmoQ> H$$Z XadmOo CKS>o Q>mHy$Z dmS>mVrc
O_rZ H$moaS>r hmoBc `mMr H$miOr KoVcr OmB. H$maU `mM O{_Zrda ~gyZ Vr _wH$s OZmdao {dlmVr
KoUma ! "gd ^yV_mmV na_oa âcm Amho,' Aer [aH$m_r nmonQ>nMr H$a`mnojm OZmdamMr EdT>r
H$miOr KoD$Z lr_hmamO Vr Jmo> Z ~mocVm gmJm`Mo. EdT>oM Zho, Va YmoYmo nmdgmV {Xdgâ
ZmJa AmoTy>Z WH$coco ~c Oohm {XdocmJUr`m gw_mamg JmoR>mV naVV, Vohm _rR> KmVco`m Ja_
nm`mZo `mMo nm` YwD$Z, eoHy$Z `mZm lr_hmamO dV: Amn`m hmVmZo Voc MmoirV AgV. H$mhr
doim OZmdam`m nm`mcm OI_m hmoV AgV. `m {MKico`m OI_m lr_hmamO OVwZmeH$mZr
YwD$Z dN> H$arV AgV. lr_hmamOmZr gdmdaM o_ Ho$co, _m`m Ho$cr. _m _w`m m`mH$Sy>ZM
`mZm â^$Z {VgmX {_imcm. S>oadU`m dmS>mVrc gJir OZmdao lr_hmamOmMr Mmhyc cmJVmM
H$mZ Q>dH$m$Z, eonQ>m hcdyZ, h~$Z lr_hmamOmMo cj doYyZ `m`Mr; `mZm Anojm Ago Vr
\$$ _mò`m nmR>rdarc EH$m WmnoMr.
S>oadU`mM JmoemioVrc EH$ "nmS>m' (Jmohm) Oohm W_M ZmJamcm Own`mV Amcm Vohm Vmo
{~cHy$c ZmJa AmoT>rZm. `mcm MmcVm H$a`mMo JS>mMo gd `Z `W R>aco. Vmo AS>ocVz>_mUo
eoVmV ~gH$U _m$ cmJcm. eodQ>r ho lr_hmamOmZm H$i{d`mV Amco. Vo dV: eoVmV Amco. `m
~cm`m nmR>rda hmV {\$adyZ Vo EdT>oM hUmco H$s, ""Aao VwPm O_ `mM H$m_mgmR>r Amho; Vohm Vo
Q>miyZ H$g Mmcoc ? Mc D$R>, H$m_ gw$ H$a !'' Am{U Am` hUOo lr_hmamOm`m AmkoZo Vmo
IamoIaM CRy>Z ZmJa AmoTy> cmJcm. nwhm H$Yrhr `mZo H$m_MwH$manUm Ho$cm Zmhr.
164 && MV`gy` &&
lr grVmam_~wdmMm EH$ ~m`m ZmdmMm Hw$m hmoVm. AmaVr gw$ Pmcr H$s Vmo AmaVr nyU hmoBn`V
^wH$V Ago. VgoM EH$ nmonQ>hr hmoVm. Vmo _moH$imM Ago, naVw CSy>Z OmV Zgo. lr grVmam_~wdm
{^jocm {ZKmco H$s OmoS>Jmoir `m`m~amo~a OmB. H$m`m Am{U hmem Ago XmoZ ~c ZmJaQ>rgmR>r
lr_hmamOmZr lr grVmam_~wdmZm KoD$Z {Xcoco hmoVo. ~wdmZr nmQ>U`m ~mOmamV nm`r OmD$Z hr OmoS>r
IaoXr H$$Z AmUcr hmoVr.
S>oadU òWo JmBJwamMo _moR>o {Ima, Va nw`mcm _{XamV XmoZ nmonQ>, EH$ Am{\$H$Z Hw$gwHw$ (Jo
naQ>) Am{U H$mhr Cm_ VrMo JmdR>r nmird Hw$o lr_hmamOmZr o_mZo gm^mico hmoVo. {H$Vrhr
H$m_mV ~wSy>Z Jococo Agco Var lr_hmamOmMo `m _w`m m`m`m XoI^mcrH$S>o ~maH$mBZo cj
Agm`Mo. dV:`m Vm|S>mV Kmg Kmc`mnydu `m gdmMo ImUo-nmUr XoD$Z Pmco qH$dm Zmhr `mMr
W_ MmH$er H$$Z _JM lr_hmamO A JhU H$arV.
nw`mVrc WmZmV nmicoco nmonQ>, lr_hmamO H$moUmcm e|JXm`mMm gmX XoD$ cmJco H$s
h_Img doJdoJio AmdmO H$mTy>Z, AmoaSy>Z lr_hmamOm`m hmVyZ e|JXm`mMm ImD$ {_idm`Mo.
lr_hmamO Oodm`cm ~gco H$s `m`m VmQ>mVrc gmXm`m \$im`m \$moS>r {_ion`V `mMm qnO`mV
AmaS>m-AmoaS>m Mmcm`Mm. `m nmonQ>mgmR>r ~mJoV Mdir, _H$m `mMr cmJdS> H$$Z H$mod`m e|Jm
Am{U H$UgmMm _odm nmonQ>mZm ImD$ KmVcm OmB.
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VnaVoZo {VgmX XoB. lr_hmamO Ogm AmdmO H$mT>rV Vgm AmdmO `wmamXmIc Vmo H$mT>rV Ago
AWdm eri dmOdyZ doJdoJio AmdmO H$mTy>Z o_mMm {VgmX XoB. WmZm_Yrc Hw$o lr_hmamOmZr
hmH$ _maVmM CS>m _maV eonQ>m hcdrV `m`mH$S>o YmdV òV. _m Vo H$Yrhr _{XamV AJa
{ZdmgWmZmV nmD$c Q>mH$V ZgV qH$dm AmdmamV H$Yr H$moR>ohr KmU H$arV ZgV.
nw`mVrb WmZmV "em`m' ZmdmMm EH$ Ho$gmi H$mim Hw$m hmoVm. `mMr h{H$H$V {dcjUM
Amho. lr_hmamO Oohm _{XamV lr~m~mMr nyOm Am{U AmaVr H$arV, Vohm AmaVr Pm`mda CnpWV
gdmZm ZdomMo XyY gò`m nirZo hmVmda XoV. g_mYrcm X{jUm KmcyZ nm``m MT>yZ
{ZdmgWmZmH$S>o Amco H$s VoWo em`m dmQ> nmhmV C^mM Ago. lr_hmamO gò`m nirâ XyY
`mcmhr XoV AgV. hm amoOMmM H$_ hmoVm. lr_hmamOmZr hmXmda`m Zimda nm` YwVco H$s em`m
Zoh_r Vo MaUVrW meZ H$arV Ago. EH$Xm AgoM MaUVrW meZ H$$Z em`m lr~m~m`m
g_m{Y_{Xam`m XmamV H$m`_Mm {Ma{dlmVrgmR>r {dgmdcm. lr_hmamOmZr `m`m Vm|S>mV JJm
KmVcr, AJmd$Z o_mZo hmV {\$adcm Am{U `mcm da _mS>dmV CMcyZ AmUco. VoWoM `mZo mU
gmoS>cm. lr_hmamOmZr ~mJo_ò I>m IUdyZ, `m_ò em`mcm R>odyZ, `mda Vwiern, H$mnya,
{~dn dmhZ `mbm AIoaMm {Zamon {Xcm.
S>oadU`m WmZm`m n[agamVrb gH$miMm \o$a\$Q>H$m AmQ>monbm H$s lr_hmamO ZmZ H$arV.
ZmZ Pm`mda dV:Mo YmoVa dV: YwD$Z lr_hmamO H$mR>rZo XmS>rda dmiV KmcrV. YmoVamcm Mw`m
nS>co`m ZgV H$s H$moR>o H$mR> MwaJicocm Zgo. dmiV KmVcoco YmoVa XmS>r`m Xmohr ~mOyg gmaIo
Ago. YmoVamdaM ZogyMr cJmoQ>r VerM `dpWV KmVcocr Ago. ho gd H$m_ MQ>MQ> hmoV Ago.
^_YmaU {dYr Am{U g`m Pmcr H$s lr_hmamO Amn`m XodWmZmMr nyOm H$arV. lrJUnVr,
lr~m~m Am{U Jwnanam Ago \$moQ>mo `m_ò AgV. lr_hmamOm~amo~a ho XodWmZ gXd Ago.
dmgmV EH$m H$mnS>r {nedrV KmcyZ Vo dV:Odi R>odV AgV. BVa H$moUmMm ne `mcm hmoD$ Zò
hUyZ A` gm_mZmV Z R>odVm AJmdaM Vo dmJdrV. ~mJoVrc ânya \w$co, Xwdm, Vwier, ~oc dJao
doMcoco AgV. lr_hmamO \w$co `dpWVnUo aMZm H$$Z cmdrV AgV. _J XwYmMm Zdo AnU
H$$Z AmaVr H$arV. `mZVa lr dhmiH$a~wdm`m g_m{YWmZr OmD$Z _mVrcm ~oc, \w$co dmhZ
CX~mr XmIdyZ AmaVr H$arV. AmXw~aVir WmnZ Ho$co`m \${Q>H$m`m {edqcJmMr nyOm H$$Z
lr_hmamO naV òV.
XodXodVmZm VgoM dhmiH$a~wdmZm Zdo XmI{d`mda OodUmMr nmZo KoVcr OmV. ~mU {gwnU
hUV. `mZm ^moOZ X{jUm {Xcr OmB Am{U _J "dXZr H$di KoVm Zm_ `m lrharMo' hm cmoH$
hUyZ XodXodVm, Jwnanam `mMm OÒ`H$ma H$$Z gd OU Oodm`cm ~gV.
lr_hmamOmMr OodUmMr nV AndmXm_H$ ZrQ>ZoQ>H$s hmoVr. nXmW `m`m Zo_`m OmJr,
_mUeranUo Am{U EH$_oH$mV {_giUma ZmhrV Aem VhoZo dmT>`mMr dmT>nr _S>itZm VmH$rX
Ago. lr_hmamO W_ Amn`m nmZmMm lr~m~mZm Zdo XmIdrV. `mZVa AmhVr KoD$Z Pm`mda
^moOZmcm gwdmV H$a`mnydu dmT>nr nmZmda gYd _rR> dmT>rV. hm H$m`_ {eaVm hmoVm. lr_hmamO
A{Ve` emVnUo gmdH$me ^moOZ H$arV. n$s_Yrc _S>iter {d{dY {df`mda JnmJmo>r H$aV
g _ZmZo OodU H$arV. `{$e: MH$a nXmWm{df`r CXmgrZ Agco Varhr nXmWm`m MdrMo
AMyH$ narjU H$$Z AmMm`mcm gyMZm H$arV AgV. OodU gmYo, gm{dH$ Agmdo. _gmcoXma
qH$dm VocH$Q> Agy Zò Am{U S>m_S>mcmMo Agy Zò Agm `mMm AmJh Ago. H$moH$UmV nmdgm`mV
hmoUm`m Q>mH$im, Hw$S>y>, Hw$S>gr, H$mQ>co Aem amZ^m`m, Hw$S>m`m \w$cmMr qH$dm eoJmMr ^mOr Vo
AmdS>rZo ImV AgV. `m ^m`mMo AmfYr JwUY_ `mZm _mhrV hmoVo. `m_wio F$Vwnado hmoUm`m `m
^m`m S>oadU òWo AmdOyZ Ho$`m OmV. ZmMUrMr ^mH$ar lr_hmamOmZm Iyn AmdS>V Ago. `mM_mUo
harH$mMm ^mVgwm lr_hmamOmZm AmdS>o Am{U hUyZ S>oadU òWo harH$ {nH${dcm OmB Aer AmR>dU
S>oadUMo am_^mD$ H$X_ gmJVmV.
H$moqe~ra, ^mOr Ago S>mdr-COdrH$S>rc nXmW hmVmZo AmoTy>Z Z KoVm CMcyZ Kmgm~amo~a Ko`mMr
`mMr nV hmoVr. `m_wio OodU gn`mda `mMo VmQ> AJXr YwV`mgmaIo dN> Ago. OodU
166 && MV`gy` &&
_m\$H$, _moOHo$ Agm`Mo. Vo Zoh_r hUm`Mo ""WmoS>m ImZm cmVH$m, OmXm ImZm \$mVH$m &'' `mMo
cmoQ>r-^mS>o Vm`mMo Ago. nmUr {nVmZm ^mS>o C>o Z H$aVm, CO`m hmVmMm AmYma KoD$Z d$Z
`m`Mr nV hmoVr. ^mS>mV nmUr {eH$ R>do Zy Vo CR>V ZgV. ""CXaâU Zmoh,o Om{UOo `kH$_ &'' `m
cmoH$mMm Iam AW lr_hmamOmZm OodVmZm nm{hco H$s g_OyZ òV Ago.
_R>mVrc gdmZmM nhmQ>o cdH$a CR>mdo cmJo; `m_wio Xwnmar WmoS>r {dlmVr KoUo hr gdmMrM JaO
Ago. Xwnmar ^moOZmoma lr_hmamOhr WmoS>r {dlmVr KoV Am{U gmh{OH$M _J gdmZmM {dlmVr Am{U
CgV {_io.
gm`H$mir MmaZVa lr_hmamO lr grVmam_~wdmg_doV ~mJoV Am{U eoVmda \o$a\$Q>H$m _mam`cm
{ZKV. gmo~V XeZmcm Amcoco A` Jm_W, nmhUo Ago cmoH$hr AgV. `m doir lr_hmamOm`m
hmVr N>r Am{U H$mR>r Ago. N>r H$moUr YaVmo hUmco Var H$moUm`m hmVr XoV ZgV. H$mR>r ~m~yMr
qH$dm nmT>arMr Agm`Mr Am{U Vr h_Img doS>rdmH$S>r Agm`Mr. lr_hmamO hUm`Mo, ""gai
H$mR>rcm {JhmBH$ Iyn. `m H$mR>rcm H$moUr hmV cmdUma Zmhr !'' amoO`m `dhmamVrc Aem gm`m
Jmo>r lr_hmamO J_VrZo gmJV Am{U OmVmOmVm _moR>m Ame` `$ H$arV AgV.
Immda hmV nwgm`Mm nMm Agm`Mm Am{U H$moH$U`m cmc _mVrVyZ MmcVmZm gJmZw$n
YmoVamMm gmoJm da ImoMcocm Agm`Mm. lr_hmamOmMo YmoVa ZogUo Q>mn{Q>nrMo Agm`Mo. {Z`m EH$mM
Xr`m Am{U EH$gma`m Agm``m. {Xdgâ dmda`mdahr YmoVa MwaJicoco Zgm`Mo. VmgZVmg
IwMuV ~gcoco Agco qH$dm PmonyZ CR>`mdaXoIrc YmoVam`m {Z`m Oem`m Vem Agm``m.
`m gm`H$mi`m \o$ar`m doir eoVrMr, ~mJoMr H$m_o Mmcy AgVrc `mg~Yr gyMZm XoV, H$m_o
g_OmdyZ gmJV qH$dm Z`m `moOZm AmIV, Vo lr grVmam_~wdmg_doV {\$am`Mo. `m doir ~hYm `m
CKS>m ~moS>`m n[agamV ^mdr H$mimV \w$cUmao ZXZdZ `m`m S>mo`mg_moa gmH$ma hmoV Agmdo.
lr._wacrYa e|~oH$a `mMr `m gX^mVrc EH$ AmR>dU `mMo ~Yy lr.H$_cmH$a e|~oH$a `mZr
gm{JVcr. gZ 1954-55`m Xa`mZ lr dhmiH$a~wdm`m nw`{VWr CgdmgmR>r lr_hmamO
gmdS>mcm Amcoco hmoVo. EH$ {Xdg gm`H$mir `m n[agamV lr_hmamO, lr grVmam_~wdm, lr.AnmOr
H$mZS>o `m`mg_doV \o$a\$Q>H$m _marV hmoVo. gmo~V _wacrYa e|~oH$ahr hmoVo. lr dhmiH$a~wdm`m
g_m{Y_{XamOdirc ~mJ~JrMm Am{U {d{dY dZnVr nmhmVmZm AmfYr dZnVtMm {df` {ZKmcm
Am{U lr_hmamOmZr nm[aOmVH$mnmgyZ gwdmV H$$Z doJdoJ`m dZnVtMo AmfYr JwUY_ gmJm`cm
gwdmV Ho$cr Am{U ~mocVm~mocVm Vo hUmco, ""òWo hmpnQ>c C^mamdo Ago _cm dmQ>Vo !''
AWmVM lr_hmamO Ho$di ^{d`mVrc dZm_ò a_Umao ZhVo Va dV_mZmVrc dmVd CKS>m
S>mo`mZr nmhmUmaohr hmoVo. `m_wio `m gm`H$mi`m {\$a`m`m doir AZoH$ gwYmaUmMm nm`m
KmVcm Om`Mm, wQ>tMr Zm|X KoVcr Om`Mr, JVrMm AmT>mdm KoVcm Om`Mm. Vr Mmcco`m H$m_mMr
VnmgUr Agm`Mr. lr_hmamOm`m ZOaoVyZ H$moUVmhr Vnerc gwQ>Uo e`M Zgm`Mo. _{Xam^modVr
Q>Q>Mr eoVr EH$ jor {dVmacocr Amho. EImXr eoVO_rZ IaoXr Ho$`mda g^modma CM H$m`m
XJS>mMr q^V ~mYyZ {V`m gr_maofm gwa{jV Ho$`m OmV. VgoM `m O{_ZrV JmS>m AJa Q>H$Zo Zdr
_mVr AmUyZ Q>mH$`mMm `mMm KmV hmoVm. eoV, eoVmV l_ H$$Z Amnco hmoVo, Ho$di IaoXr H$$Z
Zmhr, Ago Vo gmJV AgV. AmdmamV doJdoJio {d^mJ N>moQ>m q^Vr KmcyZ Ho$coco AmhoV. eoVm_Yrc
nmD$cdmQ>m MmJ`m X Am{U XJS>, {g_|Q>Zo ~mYZy H$mT>co `m AmhoV. {d^mJm{d^mJmV H$S>rH$mo`S >mgh
cmoIS>r \$mQ>Ho$ Ho$cocr AgyZ Vr Hw$cyn~X AgV. H$m_m{edm` EImXm XadmOm CKS>m Q>mH$cocm
lr_hmamOmZm AmdS>V Zgo. XadmOmMm dmna Z H$aVm q^Vrd$Z H$moUr CS>r _m$Z Jococohr `mZm
AmdS>V Zgo. `m ~mY~{XVr_wio {nH$mZm CZmS> OZmdamnmgyZ qH$dm Sw>$a, H$moho Aem OZmdamnmgyZ
gajU {_iVo. nm`dmQ>m, Q>no, nm`R>`m, nm`S>m `m gd ZrQ> AmIco`m, ~mYyZ H$mT>co`m
Am{U dN> AgV H$maU H$moH$UmV ganQ>Umao Ord-OrdmUy, qdMy `mMm \$ma dmda AgVmo. amrAnamrgwm OmVmZm `mMm mg hmoD$ Zò hUyZ hr I~aXmar KoVcocr hmoVr. _R>m`m eoVmd$Z
\o$a\$Q>H$m _maVmZm `m gm`m Jmo>tH$S>o `mMo cj Ago. `m ~mY~{XVr_ò Hw$R>o CXraKwetZr CH$sa
H$mT>cocm Agcm Va Vm~S>Vmo~ `mMm ~Xmo~V Ho$cm OmB. Iao Va dmadma JdV, VU ~oUyZ eoVo,
~mJm dN> R>od`m_wio CXamMm mg \$magm ZgoM. CXra cmJ`m_wio _moR>r PmS>ogwm gwHy$ eH$VmV.
Ago PmS> AmT>i`mg O{_ZrnmgyZ \w$Q>â AVamda Vo H$mnyZ, N>oXmda S>m~a cmdco OmV Ago,
`m_wio PmS>mV nmdgmMo nmUr _w$ eH$V Zgo Am{U H$mhr {XdgmVM PmS>mcm ZdrZ Yw_mao \w$Q>coco
{XgV. lr_hmamO H$mhr gmdH$mcrZ {Z`_ dmadma gmJyZ H$m_Jmam`m _Zmda R>gdrV AgV.
O{_Zr_ò Or-Or Jmo> nwam`Mr Amho, {V`m O{_ZrImcr OmUm`m ^mJmcm S>m~a cmdyZ _JM Vr
nwam`Mr; _J Vmo _moR>m Im~ Agmo, nS>dir`m docmgmR>r Ho$co`m _S>nmgmR>r amodcocm "_oS>H$m'
(Im~) Agmo H$s chmZ amonmZm AmYma Xo`mgmR>r eoOmar amodcocr "{M`mMr H$m_Q>r' (~m~yMr
chmZ nmVi n>r) Agmo. lr_hmamOmMr hr {eH$dU AmOhr S>oadUcm VVmoVV nmicr OmV Amho.
AmYw{ZH$ VmMm dmna H$$Z H$m_ gmono H$a`mMrhr lr_hmamOmZm AmdS> hmoVr. S>oadUcm EdT>m
Jm`r-JwamZm cmJUmao JdV gmR>{dVmZm JdVm`m JmgS>m ~mY`mMo ` `mZr AmUco hmoVo. `m
`m_wio JdV gmR>{d`mgmR>r H$_r OmJm cmJVo Am{U VmaoZo K> ~mYco`m JmgS>m hmVmiUo gmono
OmVo. H$moH$UmV lr_hmamOm`m H$mimV ho ` dmna`mMm H$moUr gmYm {dMmagwm Ho$cm Zgoc.
EH$XarV `m gm`H$mi`m \o$arV lr_hmamO n[agamVrc gd n[apWVr nmhZ KoD$Z AZoH$ H$m_o
_mJu cmdV AgV Am{U AZoH$ ZdrZ H$nZm _mSy>Z `mMr AmIUr H$a`mg gwdmV H$arV.
~amo~a`m _S>itg_doV lr_hmamO _R>mV naVV Vohm {XdocmJUrMr doi Pmcocr Ago.
Am`mda ZmZ H$$Z gm`g`m Am{U AmaVr H$arV. XodWmZmMr AmaVr Pmcr H$s _J Vo BVa
168 && MV`gy` &&
CX~mr XmIdrV. lr grVmam_~wdm Yyn XmIdm`Mo Am{U _J XmoKohr g_m{YWmZr OmD$Z AmaVr
Am{U nMnXr hUV AgV. `mZVa OodU hmoB. amrMo OodU AJXr gmYo Agm`Mo. OodUmZVa amr
~gm`cm, ôQ>m`cm AZoH$ cmoH$ òV AgV. lr_hmamOmer JnmJmo>r H$a`mgmR>rM qH$dm Iao Va
lr_hmamOm`m Vm|Sy>Z AZoH$ {df`mdarc dmH$gwYm EoH$`mgmR>rM hr _mUgo VoWo Jmoim hm`Mr. `m
doir S>oadUcm {dOoMo {Xdo Amcoco ZhVo. H$Xrc, {M_`m`m _X H$memV hr ~R>H$ _moR>r aJVXma
hm`Mr Am{U _J H$Yr Var \$ma Cera Pmcm `mMr AmR>dU Pmcr H$s _S>ir Pmonm`cm Om`Mr.
lr_hmamOmMo AW$U hUOo EH$ diH$Q>r XmoarZo ~mYyZ Vo ~gV AgV VoWoM da IwQ>m`mcm
AS>H$dcocr Agm`Mr. EH$ MQ>B, `mda N>moQ>r gVaOr, `mda Km|JS>r d MmXa Am{U `mda EH$
Xw_Sy>Z KS>r KmcyZ AmIyS> Ho$cocr nmT>ar dN> MmXa Ago lr_hmamOmMo AW$U Agm`Mo. Amn`m
nm`mZo _iy Zò hUyZ hr nmT>ar MmXa AmIyS> Ho$cocr Agm`Mr. XmoZ Cem Am{U nmKam`cm EH$
nmT>ar nmVi MmXa. WS>r_ò lr_hmamO {~ZIirMr MmH$S>rMr gmocmnwar Km|JS>r, AmVyZ nmT>ar
MmXa cmdyZ nmKam`cm `m`Mo. WS>r`m {XdgmV AJmV cm~ hmVmMm doQ>a Ago. PmonVmZm Vo Zoh_r
gwVr Jm|S>mMr Q>monr KmcV. AWUmOdi Zoh_r ~Q>ar ({dOoar) Ago.
lr_hmamO S>oadU _w$m_r Agco H$s lr grVmam_~wdmMm {e` ~iram_ amOo{eH}$ gmdcrgmaIm
lr_hmamOmgmo~V Agm`Mm. Vo Hw$R>ohr Ho$hmhr {ZKmco H$s hm `m`m~amo~a {ZKm`Mm. amrgwm
lr_hmamOm`m nm`mer Odinmg AW$U KmcyZ {ZOm`Mm. lr_hmamO AZoH$Xm ~iram_da amJdm`Mo,
`mcm AmoaS>m`Mo; naVw Varhr lr_hmamOmMr `m`mda _m`m hmoVr. lr_hmamOm`m AIoa`m AmOmamV
nw`mcm òD$Z `mZo lr_hmamOmMr _Zmo^mdo Iyn godm Ho$cr.
^`m nhmQ>o ^$JUmer n`dhma H$arV gw$ Pmcocm lr_hmamOmMm {Xdg, amr Agm
^$JUm`m _o`mV JnmJmo>r H$aVH$aV C{eam H$Yr Var gnm`Mm.
D D D
A^J
AmVVm XoB a| _O ^JdVm& OoU| _mPo {Mmm òB emVr &&
ZH$mo XoD$ H$mht VwPo Zm_mdrU& dmQ>mo gma| AmZ, {_`m _O&&
_mòMr {ngwU|, H$at AmVm Xwar& ^{$ XoB Iar, _O bmJt&&
Xmg hUo _rZ, Oodt nm`mdrU& Vi_io OmU, Vodt hmd|&&
1
2
3
4
H$aU : 17
Bh na gwIr hmodmoZr gH$i & ^$s Vr Ho$di H$amoV H$s &&

{X.$30.10.1967 amoOr lr_hmamOmZr damO lr.ZmZmgmho~ Omoer `mZm {c{hcoco EH$ n
CncY Amho. `m doir S>oadU òWrc {ZdmgWmZm`m H$m_mMr nydV`mar Mmcy hmoVr Am{U `mgmR>r
cmJUmam ngm VmVS>rZo C^m H$aUo, A`V JaOoMo hmoVo. gw_mao 25,000/- n`mMr JaO hmoVr. `m
gX^mV lr_hmamO {c{hVmV, ""{g{_Q> {_im`m{edm` Omo`mcm gwdmV hmoD$ eH$V Zmhr. OmoVo
nwT>`m _{h`mV ~mY`mg gwdmV Ho$`m{edm` {ZXmZ nmf _{h`mV Var ~mYH$m_ KamMo d
gS>mgmMo gw$ H$aVm òUma Zmhr Aer n[apWVr Amho. H$m` H$amdo gwMV Zmhr. gwdmV Va H$$Z
~gcmo AmhmoV. {ZXmZ ngm Jmoim hmoBVmo H$OmD$ {~Z`mOr ngo nhmdo d `mcm m{_gar ZmoQ> {chZ
XoD$. nm{hOo Va _r XoVmo {chZ nU H$gohr H$$Z `m doir ho hmoUoM O$a Amho. nwT>o ngo Jmoim hmoVmM
Vo nana gWoZo XoD$Z Q>mH$mdoV. ho Oa gw$ Pmco Zmhr Va \${OVr d N>r: WyM hmoBc.''
lr_hmamOmZr S>oadU òWrc Amn`m H$m_mMr gwdmV Ho$cr, Vohm `mgmR>r {ZYr Jmoim H$a`mMo
H$m_ {H$Vr H$R>rU hmoVo `mMr `WmW H$nZm `m nmd$Z òVo. Q>Q>cm XoU`m {_i{d`mgmR>r
lr_hmamOmZr AZoH$ H$mao `Z Ho$co. gwdmVrcm lr_hmamOmMo {e` Am{U Q>Q>r doJdoJ`m {g
_{XamV JXu`m doir OmD$Z hmVmVrc S>~m dmOdyZ cmoH$mH$S>o XoUJr _mJV AgV. {Q>Q>dmim òWrc JUoe
_{XamV gH$>r MVwWu`m {Xder Om`Mo, Va ^mXodr`m {g{{dZm`H$mg_moa Xa _Jidmar Cô amhm`Mo.
_hm{edamrcm A~aZmW`m {ed_{XamV Om`Mo Ago H$$Z _XV Jmoim H$a`mMm `Z Ho$cm Jocm.
{ZYr gH$cZmMm EH$ ^mJ hUyZ lrgV grVmam_~wdm dmcmdcH$a Q>Q>V\}$ 1970, 1972
Am{U 1973 gmcr _a{UH$m H$m{eV H$a`mV Am`m. `mVZm_ ZVH$ JmonrH$U, n.X`ZmW
_JoeH$a, gJrVH$ma dgV XogmB, Jm{`H$m dmUr Oàm_ Aem _moR>m H$cmH$mamMo H$m`H$_ Q>Q>`m
_XVrgmR>r H$a`mV Amco. _ocS>r _oH$gMm dmdXmMm H$m`H$_hr H$a`mV Amcm. ho gd H$m`H$_
_w~Bcm f_wImZX hmc_ò H$a`mV Amco, Va Amem nmaoI `mMm "AZmaH$cr' hm Z`mMm H$m`H$_
{~cm _mVmolr g^mJhmV H$a`mV Amcm. cmMr ~oS>r (f_wImZX hmc), gmO`mMr Eoer Ver
({edmOr _{Xa), d`{gm (gm{h` gK _{Xa) Ago ZmQ>`moJhr {ZYr C^ma`mgmR>r H$a`mV
Amco. naVw Aem H$m`H$_mVyZ ârd _XV hmoV Zmhr ho cjmV Am`mda lr_hmamOmZr Q>Q>tZm,
lr_Vr gw_Vr _moamaOr, lr.AaqdX _\$Vcmc Aem _moR>m CmoJnVtH$S>o nmR>{dco. naVw VoWohr
Ano{jV {VgmX {_imcm Zmhr. {Zanoj dmrZo XmZY_ H$a`mMr dmrM g_mOmVyZ Zmhrer hmoV
hmoVr. AIoarg lr_hmamOmZr g_mOmVrc gm_m` OZmZmM AmdmhZ H$a`mMo R>a{dco Am{U H$moUmcmhr
170 && MV`gy` &&
ghOnUo KoVm òVrc Aer EH$ n`mnmgyZ eâ n`mn`VMr XoUJr-Hw$nZo V`ma Ho$cr. `m Hw$nZmZm
gdgm_m` OZVoZo MmJcm {VgmX {Xcm Am{U `mVyZ nwT>o lr_hmamOmZr H$m`mMo nhmS> Cô Ho$co.
lr_hmamOmMo {e`gwm Xa_hm Amn`m CnmVrc H$mhr R>amdrH$ ^mJ Q>Q>cm XoD$ cmJco Am{U
hiyhiy Q>Q> gwpWa Pmcm. lr_hmamOmZr `mo{Ococo H$moUVoM H$m` nem`m AS>MUr_wio H$Yr
Wm~dmdo cmJco Zmhr. lrc_r lr_hmamOmda g Pmcr hmoVr AgoM hUmdo cmJoc. lr_hmamO
nw`mcm {ZdmgWmZmV `m ImocrV PmonV AgV, `m Imocr`m O{_Zrda ~g{dco`m {\$$Q>
{Z`m aJm`m H$moQ>m XJS>m`m \$aerda Am{U ~mOycm ~g{dco`m H$S>m`m`m Pmcarda EH$
{dcjU VoOdr Aer gwdU Pimir {XgV Ago. EH$Xm lr.AemoH$amd OmoetZr lr_hmamOmZm
{dMmaco, ""ho H$m` Amho ?'' Vohm Vo hUmco, ""ho gmoZo Amho, ho Vwcm g_OV Zmhr H$m` ?''
lr.AemoH$amd hUmco, ""`m c_rda Am_Mm nm` nS>Vmo !'' `mda lr_hmamO hUmco, ""lrc_rMr
OmJm lr{dUy`m nm`mH$S>oM AgVo. {VMr OmJm VrM Amho. `mhrda Vr MT>cr Va _Zw` Cm_ d
C_m ~ZVmo. AmnUmcm chmi ~ZyZ amhm`M Amho, dj Zmhr !'' hr gmoZoar N>Q>m lr_hmamOm`m
_hm{ZdmUmZVa _m EH$ XmoZ OmJr gmoS>`mg, ~mH$s H$moR>o {XgoZmer Pmcr.
g Pmcocr c_r OUy lr_hmamOmMr godm H$a`mgmR>r gYrMr dmQ> nmhmV {V>V C^r hmoVr
Am{U lr_hmamO _m dV: {da$s nH$$Z, Amco`m c_r`m gmhm`mZo Amnco cmoH$H$`mUmMo
dV nyU H$arV hmoVo. lrjo S>oadU Am{U AmOy~mOy`m IoS>mVyZ lr_hmamOmZr lrgV grVmam_~wdm
dmcmdcH$a Q>Q>, lrJw godm-_S>i M[aQ>o~c Q>Q>, lr {d>camd Omoer M[aQ>rO Q>Q> Aem
Q>Q>mao, Cno[jV JmoaJar~ OZVogmR>r {dMmanydH$, `moOZm~nUo {d{dY jomV Am{U {d{dY H$maMo
H$m_ gw$ Ho$co. H$moH$UmVrc JmoaJar~ OZVo`m g_`m AZoH$ hmo`m Am{U `mMr _wio EH$_oH$mV
JwVcocr hmoVr. J[a~r, AkmZ, AYlm, AZmamo`, _mJmgconUm Aem AZoH$ OwZmQ> `mYtZr g_mO
nmoIacocm hmoVm. H$moU`mhr EH$m g_òcm hmV KmcyZ Vr gwQ>Uma ZhVr. H$maU Vr AmUIr
Xwg`m, {Vg`m g_òVyZ CX^dcocr AgUma hmoVr.
Ho$di Am{WH$ _XV XoD$Z J[a~r Z> hmoUma Zmhr, CbQ> Am``m {_imco`m _XVr_wio g_mOmV
EoXrnUmM ~moH$mioc. `mgmR>r H$> H$$Z amoOJma {_idyZM J[a~rVyZ _mUyg da Amcm nm{hOo.
Ho$di emim CKSy>Z _wco òUma ZmhrV; H$maU J[a~r_wio emioV OmVmZm AJmV Kmcm`cm {H$_mZ
XmoZ gXao, MS>S>m `m`mOdi ZgVrc, nwVHo$-dm `m`cm ngo ZgVrc Va hr _wbo emioV
H$er òUma? AmOmanUmV dH$s` godm CncY Zgoc Va _mUyg ZmBcmOmZo ^JV, dXyH$S>oM
OmUma Am{U ho bjmV KoD$ZM lr_hmamOmZr EH$mM doir AZoH$ H$maMr H$m_o gw$ H$$Z g_mOmcm
Am_momamMm _mJ XmI{dcm.
S>oadUMr {Ohm n[afXo`m emioMr B_maV AJXr _moS>H$ircm Amcocr hmoVr. JmdH$`mZr hr
Bh na gwIr.. / 171
Jmo> _hmamOm`m H$mZr KmVcr. lr_hmamOmZr dV: OmD$Z nmhmUr Ho$cr Am{U Vr emim XwV
H$$Z {Xcr. XmoZ ZdrZ Imo`m ~mYyZ {X`m. N>namda no KmcyZ `mda H$mco ~g{dcr. Om`m
~gdyZ, XadmOo cmdyZ CKS>o hamS>o ~X Ho$co. AmdmamV Hy$nZ{cH$m ImoXyZ {Xcr. {deof _hdmMr
Jmo> hUOo _wcm_wctH$[aVm dV emMHy$n Am{U _wVm`m ~mYyZ {X`m. Amdmamcm XJS>r q^VrMo
H$nmD$S> H$$Z `mcm cmoIS>r XadmOm ~gdyZ {Xcm. dOV^ `dpWV ~g{dcm. qXS>r XadmOmcm
Hw$cyn cmd`mMr gmo` Ho$`m_wio Amdma dN> amh cmJco. ^Q>`m JwamMm mg Jocm Am{U
AmdmamMr {ZJm amIcr OmD$ cmJcr. lr_hmamOmZr `m emiocm {n`m`m nm`mMo qnn, H$mhr Vo$,
nwVHo$, ZH$meo, emr` `moJmgmR>r CnH$aUo {Xcr. Q>Q>Zo 1993 gmcr _wcm`m H$m`H$ _mcm Cn`moJr
nS>c
o Agm n$m MmWam ~mYZy {Xcm. JaOy {dm`mZm nmR>nwVHo$, dm, Xao Xo`mV AmcrM, naVw
_wcm_ò emioV Om`mMr AmdS> {Z_mU hmdr hUyZ `mZm aJr~oaJ r aoZH$moQ>hr Xo`mV Amco.
Q>Q>Zo T>moH$dcr, T>mH$_mocr, daocr, Am~oVImoc, AgwS>} òWrc ~mcdmS>mZm IoiUr {Xcr.
IoS>oJmdmV nmhm`cmhr {_i`mMr e`Vm Zgcocr {VMmH$s gm`H$c, M|Sy>, [aJ AmXr IoiUr
Ioim`cm {_im`m_wio _wcmZm hmoUmam AmZX dUZmVrV Amho. S>oadU òWo AmJUdmS>r, ~mcdmS>rgmR>r
N>moQ>r B_maV Q>Q>Zo 1992 _ò ~mYyZ {Xcr Am{U _wcmgmR>r nYam hOma n`mMr IoiUrhr {Xcr.
Q>Q>`m _XVr_wio `m emimVrc ej{UH$ H$m_mcm MmcZm {_iyZ AmO `m {OmV AmXe emim
hUyZ AmoiI`m OmVmV, Ago VoWrc {ejH$dJ A{^_mZmZo gmJVmo. S>oadU`m gwVmadmS>r emioMr
XwVr H$$Z `m emiocmhr XmoZ ZdrZ Imo`m ~mYyZ Xo`mV Am`m. gmdS>m`m H$mgmadmS>r
emio_ò ~mamhr _{hZo Amoc òV Ago, hUyZ VoWo ehm~mXr \$aer ~gdyZ Xo`mV Amcr.
B`mm nmMdr Vo Xhmdrn`V`m òH$ dJmVrc n{h`m VrZ H$_mH$mZo CmrU hmoUm`m {dm`mZm
{e`dmr Xo`mV òVo. S>oadU, Hw$S>n, gmdS>}, \w$$g, hS>H$Ur, Viga, Hw$Q>ao, AmJdo, AgwS>},
ZmXJmd, X{hdcr, Amo_ir, _mJ VmhUo, H$mog~r _wT>o, XwJdmS>r Aem AZoH$ JmdmVrc emim_Yrc
_wcmZm `mMm cm^ {_iVmo. {edm` H$m|S>_im, Zmèrgh darc gd emim_Yrc Jar~ d hmoVH$$
_wcmZm Xadfu Q>Q>V\}$ {dZm_y` dm d nwVHo$ nwa{d`mV òVmV. Q>Q>Zo {edUH$m_ {eH$Um`m
nMH$moerVrc AZoH$ {dm`mZm {edU _{eZ IaoXrgmR>r qH$_Vr`m nMdrg Q>o$ a$_ _XV hUyZ
{Xcr Amho. `mM_mUo chmZ d`mV ~MVrMr gd` hmdr hUyZ gw_mao VrZeo {dm`mZm gwdmVrg
50 $nò ^$Z nmoQ>mV ~MV ImVr CKSy>Z {Xcr.
AmVm Va Q>Q>V\}$ S>oadU òWo BJOr _m`_mMr emim gw$ H$a`mV Amcr Amho Am{U VoWrc
ej{UH$ dmVmdaU _moR>m ehar emimZmhr hodm dmQ>mdm EdT>o gwXa Amho. _m Varhr hm lr_hmamOm`m
ej{UH$ H$m`mMm "na_mo q~Xy' Amho Ago hUVm òUma Zmhr, EdT>o _moR>o H$m_ VoWo ^{d`mV
lr_hmamOM H$adyZ KoUma AmhoV Agm `m`m {e`JUmMm {dmg Amho.
172 && MV`gy` &&
lr_hmamOmZr Q>Q>`m O{_ZrVyZ EH$ cmQ> doJim H$mTy>Z VoWo EH$ B_maV ~mYcr. `m B_maVrV
AmO g~-nmoQ> Am{\$g Amho. VoWoM VcmR>r Am{\$g, Jm_nMm`V H$m`mc`, nmocrg AmD$Q> nmoQ>
`mH$[aVm `dWm Ho$cocr Amho. _moH$mQ>, CZmS> OZmdamMm mg H$moH$UmV \$ma AgVmo. Q>Q>Mr
eoVrdmS>r n$s ~Xmo~VmV Agcr Var ~mH$s Jm_WmZm `m mgm_wio Chmir ^mOrnmcm qH$dm {nHo$
KoVm òV ZgV hUyZ lr_hmamOmZr H$m|S>dmS>m ~mYyZ Jm_nMm`Vr`m Vm`mV {Xcm. `mM_mUo
JwamMm XdmImZm d newdH$ VkmgmR>r {ZdmgWmZ ~mYco. Jm_WmZm, eoVH$ar dJmcm `m
gaH$mar ÙmMr JaO AgVo, Aem Jmo>r JmdmV EH$mM H|$XWmZr CncY H$$Z {X`mg Vo
gdmZmM gmoB H$a nS>V.o lr_hmamOmZr ho 25-30 dfmndy u Ho$co Am{U AmVm JmdmoJmdr "Jm_ g{Mdmc`'
~mY`mg mogmhZ XoD$Z gaH$ma `mMoM AZwH$aU H$arV Amho. AmO`m, Jm_rU ^mJmV gw$
Agco`m AZoH$ gaH$mar `moOZm nm{h`mda ho cjmV òVo H$s Aem Jmo>r lr_hmamOmZr \$ma nyduM,
dV:`m qh_Vrda, H$moU`mhr gaH$mar AZwXmZm{edm` Ho$`m AmhoV.
S>oadU Am{U AmOy~mOy`m JmdmV nm`mMo \$ma Xw{^j Amho. JmdmVyZ H$m`nr ZXr dmhVo; naVw
Chm`mV Vr H$moaS>r nS>Vo. nmdgmim gnVmZm `m ZXrda Q>Q>`m O{_ZrcJV dgV ~Ymam ~mYyZ
nmUr AS>{d`mg lr_hmamOmZr oaUm {Xcr. Vargwm M _{h`mV JmdmVrc {d{har AmQy>Z OmV.
Anw`m nmUrnwadRm_wio AdN> nm`mMm dmna ZmBcmOmZo hm`Mm, `mVyZ _J Zm$, dMmamoJ
`mMm mg hm`Mm. lr_hmamOmZr Q>Q>V\}$ XmoZ QH$g_YyZ `m JmdmZm _mo\$V nmUrnwadR>m gw$ Ho$cm.
S>oadUnmgyZ 22-23 {H$._r.AVamdarc IoS>u`m E_.Am`.S>r.gr._YyZ ho nmUr IaoXr Ho$co Om`Mo
Am{U dmS>r-dmS>rda OmD$Z gw_mao 35 {R>H$mUr XaamoO nmUrdmQ>n Ho$co Om`Mo. AOyZhr ho H$m`
gmV`mZo Mmcy Amho. _m AmVm Am~oVImoc YaUmVyZ nmUr AmUco OmVo. `m nmUrnwadR>mMm `
n[aUm_ hUOo Zm$ amoJmMo `m ^mJmVyZ CMmQ>Z Pmco. S>mo`mda hS>o KoD$Z nm`mgmR>r _cmoZ_c
Xmhr {Xem {\$aUm`m _mVm^{JZtMo hmc lr_hmamOm`m `m H$m`m_wio H$_r Pmco.
gaH$maZo gw$ Ho$cocr nmUrnwadR>m `moOZm AZoH$ dfo Yyi ImV nSy>Z hmoVr. Q>Q>Zo OmoaXma
nmR>nwamdm Ho$`m_wio, _mM 1993 nmgyZ `m `moOZoMo nmUr Jm_WmZm {_iy cmJco Amho.
H$m`nr ZXrda S>oadU Jm_nMm`V Xadfu gmH$d (cmH$S>r nm`CVma nyc) ~mYV Ago. AZoH$Xm
Vmo EoZ nmdgm`mVM dmhZ Om`Mm. _J nwT>rc dfm{edm` Vmo ~mYcm Om`Mm Zmhr, hUOo Cd[aV
nmdgm`mV cmoH$mMo hmc hm`Mo. lr_hmamOmZr VoWo H$mH$sQ>Mm n$m nm`CVma nyc ~mYcm Am{U
gdmMr H$m`_Mr gmo` Ho$cr. lr_hmamOmZr EImXo ~mYH$m_ Ho$co H$s Vo H$m`_d$nr, {Q>H$mD$,
_O~yVM Agm`Mo; `mM_mUo EImm g_òdarc Cnm`hr VgoM H$m`_d$nr AgV.
nydu H$moH$UmV H|$~im$ (JdVmZo emH$maUr Ho$cocr) Kao AgV. AZdYmZmZo CS>mco`m EImm
{R>UJrZo jUmV Ka ^_gmV hm`Mo. Chm`mV Xadfu Aem XmoZ-Mma KQ>Zm hm``mM. VgoM
Bh na gwIr.. / 173
N>namMr emH$maUr Xadfu H$amdr cmJm`Mr. ho dmadma IMmMo Am{U H$>mMo H$m_ Ago. lr_hmamOmZr
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dmS>rVrc Jm_WmZr hQ>co Amho, ""Am_`mH$Sy>Z ho H$m_ nyU Pmco ZgVo. naVw Am_Mm ^JdmZ ~w
Amn`m $nmZo C^m am{hcm. Am_Mm âmogm d {dmg Amn`mdaM Amho.'' da`m ~mdmS>rgmR>r
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Bh na gwIr.. / 175
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176 && MV`gy` &&
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Omoer' Kam`mMm Hw$cdmmV ZD$-Xhm df} n[al_ H$$Z 1982 gmcr H$m{eV Ho$cm. lr_hmamO ho
"em{S>` Jmor' hmoVo. gmh{OH$M lr.n.H$.Omoer `m {Z{_mmZo W_M 1978 gmcr `mZm ôQ>m`bm
YZXmZ dXmZ.. / 177
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`mZm gm{JVco. `m`m H$m`mcm âKmog _XV {Xcr. ânya mogmhZ {Xco. Amn`m Hw$cmMr gw_mao
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dma` Zmhr. lr~m~m`m AmerdmXmZo Vw_Mm g_ma^ Cm_ hmoBc !''
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ZmoQ>m ZrQ> â{d`m Am{U {Z`mo{OV `mgmcm ewôN>m XoD$Z _cm {Zamon {Xcm.''
lr_hmamOmZr doJdoJ`m gWmZm Am{U `$sZm doJdoJ`m gJr Ajae: cjmdYr n`mMr
_XV Ho$cr. `m gWm`m Am{U `$s`m H$m`m`m H$jm Am{U d$n doJdoJio hmoVo. Ym{_H$
jomV H$m_ H$aUm`m gWm_mUoM gm_m{OH$ jomV H$m_ H$aUm`m gWmZmhr lr_hmamOmZr _XV
Ho$cr. Jar~ {dm`mgmR>r `m_mUo Amn`m _XVrMm hmV nwT>o Ho$cm `mM_mUo H$cmdV, {dmZ,
g_mOgodH$ AemZmhr `m`m jomV gwIoZd H$m_ H$aVm `mdo hUyZ lr_hmamOmZr `mMr nmR>amIU
Ho$cr. `m XmVdm_mJMr lr_hmamOmMr ^y{_H$m H$m` hmoVr ?
"lrgV grVmam_~wdm dmcmdcH$a M[aQ>~o c Q>Q>'V\}$ H$m{eV H$a`mV Amco`m {Vg`m _a{UHo$V
""_mZdm`m H$`mUmgmR>r'' `m erfH$mImcr lr_hmamOmZr Amnco {dMma gy$nmZo _mS>co AmhoV.
""Amnco ^maV gaH$ma ho {ZY_u Amho. _mZdY_mcm d _mZdr OrdZm`m emVVocm, emar[aH$ d
_mZ{gH$ CVrcm _mZdr Y_g H$ma Amd`H$ AmhoV; naVw Amnco {ZY_u gaH$ma Vo H$aUma Zmhr.
`m_wio _mZdr Y_mMr {MaVZ d gZmVZ _yò g_mOmgmR>r H$moUr OVZ H$am`Mr d `mMr {eH$dU
OZVocm H$moUr m`Mr hm Iam Amho. gaH$ma Oar {ZY_u Agco Var H|$ gaH$manmgyZ Jm_nMm`Vrn`V
Vo doJdoJir _mUgoM Mmc{dVmV. `m _mUgmZm _mZdr Y_mMr gZmVZ d {MaWm`r _yò H$m` AmhoV
ho Ho$di H$icoco AgyZ MmcUma Zmhr Va Vr `mZr AJrH$macocr AgUo Amd`H$ Amho.
`m`, ZrVr, Y_, {ZH$m_ H$_, _mZdr H$m`Xo, amOZrVr, g_mOem, A` AZoH$ Amd`H$
emo `mMo gnyU kmZ cmoH$emhr Mmc{dUm`m `$sZm gnyUar`m AgUo Amd`H$ Amho. ho kmZ
Xo`mMo H$m_ _mZdr OrdZ gwIH$a H$a`mgmR>r PQ>Um`m d _mZdmcm I`m _mZdY_mMr AmoiI
H$$Z XoUm`m Ym{_H$ gWmZr hmVr KoUo Oar Amho. gZmVZ _mZdY_mMr _yò A~m{YV AmhoV d
Vr Zoh_r A~m{YVM am{hcr nm{hOoV. gaH$mar gmmgnH$mZo Vr JTyi hmo`mMm g^d Amho, hUyZ
gaH$mar gmoMm ne `m {MaVZ _y`mZm hmoD$ XoVm H$m_m Zò.
Omo dY_mMma {Z>oZo H$aVmo `mcm gd Y_mMo A{V_ ò` ho na_m_md$n XeZ hUOoM
gmjmH$ma hoM AgyZ VoM na_mo gwImMo gmYZ Amho ho nyUn Uo nQ>Vo d `mcm {dY_mMr >r m hmoVo
Am{U A`m__mJmdarc `mMr {Z>m T>mdVo. A`m_mVrc `moJgmYZm gdgmYmaU ggmar _mUgmcm
ggmar OrdZ OJV AgVmZm gm` H$$Z KoUo A`V H$R>rU AgVo, H$maU ggmar _mUgmcm Eo{hH$
gwImMr cmcgm AgVo Am{U hUyZ ggmar _mUgmcm H$_`moJM {eH${dUo Amd`H$ Amho.
naVw hm H$_`moJ AmMaUmV AmU`mgmR>r _mUyg hm `mdhm[aH$XQ>m WmoS>mgm Var gwIr Agcm
nm{hOo, VaM `mMo {Mm emV amhrc d Vmo H$_`moJmMma H$a`mg qH$dm A`m_mMr gmYZm H$a`mg
`mo` hmoBc. `mgmR>r g_mOmVrc òH$ `$scm ew AmMma, ew {dMma, ew gmpdH$ kmZ, ew
YZXmZ dXmZ.. / 179
Cma ho gd {eH${dUo d gH$_dm H$aUo OarMo Amho. g_mO hm `$s-`$sMm ~Zcocm

Ag`m_wio `$s gwgH$m[aV Pmcr H$s g_mOhr gwgH$m[aV hmoBc. g_mOmcm ho gd {eH$d`mgmR>r
Y_{Zanoj d {Z:dmWu Aem gWm Am{U `mVyZ dmW`mJr Am{U {ZH$m_ H$_`moJr, godmY_namÙ
_mUgo V`ma hmoUo Amd`H$ Amho. Aer _mUgo V`ma H$aUo hoM Q>Q>Mo ò` Amho.
Y_mMr gwdmV Am{U Y__{XamMr WmnZm W_V: _mZdm`m X`mV hmoV AgVo Am{U `m
_{XamMm nm`m nmoQ>mV AgVmo. ^JdmZ `mg _hfu hUVmV, "AeZ dgZ dmg: òfm Mdm`dpWV_ &
_JYoZ g_mH$mer JJm`Jmadm{hZr &&' hUOo `mMno mer A, d, {Zdmam `mMr gmo` Zmhr `mZm
H$mer Am{U _JY Xmohr gmaIoM ! erVc JJmOc `mZm {ZIm`m_mUo VmnXm`H$M dmQ>Uma.
^m{VH$, Ym{_H$ dm Am`mp_H$ Jmo>tMm hm nm`mM Amho. `m nm`mMm EH$ Var XJS> {ZXmZ ~gdmdm
Ago godmdV lrgV grVmam_~wdm dmcmdcH$a M[aQ>~o c Q>Q>Zo AJrH$maco Amho ho _hdmMo Amho.''
hUOo g_mOm`m gdmJrU CWmZmgmR>r `Z H$aUm`m `$s Am{U gWm `mZm _XV H$aUo
Am{U g_mOmVrc `$s-`$scm H$_`moJr ~Z{d`mgmR>r {Vcm `mdhm[aH$Q>m gwIr H$a`mMm
`Z H$aUo Aem Xwhoar CoemZo lr_hmamOmMo H$m` Mmcy hmoVo. Vo Ho$di Ym{_H$ ZhVo qH$dm Ym{_H$
H$m`mnmgyZ \$Q>Hy$Z amhZ MmcUmao gm_m{OH$ H$m` ZhVo. `m_ò amOH$maU Va cd_m ZhVo;
naVw amOH$s` ^mZ R>odyZ Ho$cocr Ym{_H$ Am{U gm_m{OH$ H$m_mMr Vr gmJS> hmoVr.
gZ 1984 _ò A_o[aHo$V {\$cmS>op\$`m ehamV OmJ{VH$ gH$V n[afX Pmcr. `m n[afXocm
CnpWV amhZ VoWo "emaXm' `m Amn`m gH$V {Z`VH$m{bH$mMo AH$ X{ZH$m`m d$nmV n[afXo`m
Mma {Xdgm`m H$mimV H$mT>mdoV Aer n{S>V dgVamd JmS>Jri `m nw`mVrc {dmZ gH$V n{S>VmMr
BN>m hmoVr. Vr `mZr lr_hmamOm`m H$mZr KmcyZ AmerdmX _m{JVco. lr_hmamOmZr AmerdmX Va
{XcoM Am{U da `m`m `m A_o[aH$mdmarMm gnyU IM `m`m hmVr R>odcm. EH$ aH$_r nmD$U cmI
nò Am{U Vohr Ago AMmZH$, Z _mJVm hmVr nS>`mda n.JmS>Jrigwm lr.n.H$.Omoet_mUoM
"{Z:gk' Pmco. A`V CgmhmZo `mZr A_o[aH$mdmar nyU Ho$cr Am{U lr_hmamOm`m oaUo_wio
gH$V gmamMo H$m_ H$aUmao Amnco "emaXm' ho n Omo_mZo gw$ R>odco. 1984 gmcr {S>g|~aAIoa
S>oadU òWo Pmco`m `k gmoh`m`m doirhr `mZr "emaXm' X{ZH$m`m d$nmV, gH$V ^mfoVyZ
Am{U lr_hmamOm`m AmkoZwgma _amR>r AZwdmXmgh H$m{eV Ho$co. dmamUgr òWrc OmJ{VH$ gH$V
n[afX, {XrMr {d qhXr n[afX, OiJmd d am`nya òWrc _amR>r gm{h` g_ocZo, A_o[aH$m Am{U
hmcS> òWrc OmJ{VH$ gH$V n[afXm Aem gd gJr gH$V X."emaXm' H$m{eV Pmco. lr_hmamOmMo
XmVd Ago oaUmXm`r Am{U gOZerc hmoVo.
`mM n.JmS>JrimZm _moR>m AnKmV hmoD$Z e{H$`m H$amdr cmJcr. `m doirhr `m`m H$m`mMo
_hd OmUyZ lr_hmamO `mZm ôQ>m`cm Umc`mV Joco Am{U CnMmamgmR>r `m`m hmVr nmM hOma
180 && MV`gy` &&
nò XoD$Z Amco.

lr.gw.J.eodS>o `mZmhr AgmM AZw^d Amcm. Owc 1982 _ò A_o[aHo$V cmg EOocrg òWo
Pmco`m OmJ{VH$ qhXy n[afXogmR>r lr.eodS>o Joco hmoVo. `m`m Xm`mgmR>r lr_hmamOmZr ânya
Am{WH$ gmhm` Ho$co hmoVo.
OmZodmar 1983 _ò nw`mcm ViOmB nR>mamda am>r` d`godH$ gKmMo ^` {e~ra Pmco
hmoVo. lr_hmamOmZr dV: {Zamon nmR>dyZ g`moOH$mZm ~mocmdyZ KoVco Am{U amoI EH$ cmI nò Am{U
H$mhr nmoVr VmXyi IaoXr H$$Z `m`m hmVr gwnyV Ho$cm Am{U {e{~am`m èpdVogmR>r AmerdmX
{Xco. gKmMm JwX{jUm g_ma^hr H$mhr df _{XamVrc B_maVr`m hmc_ò hmoV Ago.
XwXdmZo gKm`m Wm{ZH$ nmVirdarc Zo`mZm lr_hmamOm`m H$m`mMo Am{U g{XN>mMo AmH$cZ
Pmco Zmhr. lr_hmamOm`m qhXwdm{df`r Mmcco`m IQ>mQ>monmMr ~yO `mZm amIVm Amcr Zmhr.
Aem Am__ dmrVyZM gKmMr VmH$X jrU hmoV Jocr ho `mMohr XwXd Am{U qhXwdmMohr.
"{edgoZm' qhXwdmMm ^Jdm P|S>m KoD$Z amOH$s` jomV PnmQ>mZo JVr H$arV hmoVr. `m doir
qhXwdm`m AmH$_H$ MmamgmR>r X. gm_Zm gw$ H$a`mMo R>aco. lr_hmamOmZr Amn`m ^$mH$adr
H$mhr cmI nò XoUJr$nmZo gm_Zm X{ZH$m`m C^maUr`m H$mimV Xod{dco. {ZdS>UwH$s`m H$mimV
{edg{ZH$mZr N>mVrda A{^_mZmZo cmdmdoV hUyZ "' AjamMo hOmamo {~o H$$Z lr_hmamOmZr Vo
{edgoZoH$S>o nmR>dyZ {Xco hmoVo.
lr_hmamOmZr nw`mVrc ^mS>maH$a m`{dm {ejU gWocm XmoZ h`mV {_iyZ EH$ cmI nò
XoUJr {Xcr Vr VoWo MmcUm`m gemoYZH$m`mMo _hd OmUyZM ! nw`m`mM qhJUo r {ejU gWm,
nwUo {dmWu Jh, nai (_w~B) òWrb lr JmS>Jo _hmamO Y_emim Aem AZoH$ gWm_Yrc
Mmcco`m H$m_mMr XIc KoD$Z lr_hmamOmZr `mZm doimodoir _XV Ho$cr.
N>nVr lr{edmOr _hmamO ho Va lr_hmamOmMo na_ XdV ! H$moR>ohr {ed_maH$mMo H$m_ Mmcco
Agoc Va lr_hmamO `m H$m_mcm h_Img _XV nwadV AgV. nmocmXnya òWo C^ma`mV Amco`m
lr{edam`m`m nwV`mgmR>r lr_hmamOmZr âKmog _XV Ho$cr hmoVr. `m nwV`mgmR>r _mo`mMr
OmJm lr_hmamOmZrM {ZdS>cr hmoVr. H$moW$S>, nwUo òWrc lr{edmOr _hmamOmMm nwVim C^maVmZmhr
lr_hmamOmZr _moR>r XoUJr {Xcr hmoVr.
Aem AZoH$ {R>H$mUr lr_hmamOmZr XoU`m {X`m. nU CO`m hmVmZo Ho$coco XmZ H$mhr S>m`m
hmVmcm g_OV Zgo. H$moR>o ZmdmMr nmQ>r Zmhr, XoUJr{Z{_mmZo gH$ma drH$maUo Zmhr H$s H$moUVrhr
AQ> Zmhr. Ho$di H$m` _hdmMo Am{U _hdm`m H$m`mcm _XV H$aUo ho Amnco H$V` Amho `m
^mdZoVyZM ho gmao Pmco.
lr_hmamOm`m XmVdmVyZ AZoH$ _{XamMm OrUm}ma Pmcm Am{U AZoH$ Zdr _{Xao C^r am{hcr.
YZXmZ dXmZ.. / 181
`m_mJo Ho$di Ym{_H$ loMmM ^mJ ZhVm Va `mcmhr EH$ gm_m{OH$ n[a_mU Amho. qhXwY_u`
C\y$VnUo g_yhmZo EH$ O_`mMo {R>H$mU Ho$di _{XaM AgVo. gU, g_ma^, Cgdm`m {Z{_mmZo
g_mO _{XamV EH$ hmoVmo Am{U `mo` ZoVd {Xco, CnH$_ercVm am~{dcr Va gK{Q>>Vhr hmoD$
eH$Vmo. `m gKQ>ZoMm g_mOmcm MmJcm Cn`moJhr hmoVmo. g_mOmcm _mZdY_mMr {eH$dU Xo`mMo da
Co{Icoco, lr_hmamOmZm A{ôV Agcoco H$m_ `m Aem Ym{_H$ gWmVyZ Cm_ H$mao hmoD$ eH$Vo.
`mgmR>rM lr_hmamOmZr AZoH$ _{XamZm _XV {Xcr.
gmdS>}-S>oadU `m XmoZ JmdmV Ago EH$hr _{Xa Zmhr H$s `mcm lr_hmamOmH$Sy>Z `m Zm `m
$nmZo gmhm` cm^co Zmhr. H$m|S>_`mVrc _{Xam`m XwVrgmR>r lr_hmamOmZr _XV Ho$cr.
gmdS>m`m lrXod Ho$XmaZmW _{Xam`m XwVrcm cmHy$S> Am{U cmoIS> nwa{dco. Hw$S>n JmdmVrc
hZw_mZ _{Xamcm ~mYH$m_mgmR>r _XV {Xcr. gmdS>}-gwd}dmS>r òWrc ZdrZ _{Xamcm _XV Ho$cr.
S>oadU òWrc {d>cdmS>r-MhmUdmS>rVrc lr{d>c _{Xa lr_hmamOmZr ~mYyZ {Xco. lr Xod
Ho$Xma~mOr Am{U _mZmB Xodr `m Xmohr XodimMm OrUm}ma gnyUnUo lr_hmamOmZr Ho$cm. ^modVr
XJS>r H$nmD$S> ~mYyZ {Xco. XodmMr _S>nr ZdrZ ~Z{dcr. `m _S>nr`m Im~mda ~marH$ ZjrH$m_
Ho$coco Amho. Amd`H$ VoWo ZdrZ Vw`m, ~hmco, XadmOo ~g{dbo. _{XamV \$aer ~g{dcr. nmcIr
R>od`mMr `dWm Ho$cr. _{XamV drO KoVcr. Amdma ZrQ>ZoQ>Ho$ H$$Z _{XamV ò`m-Om`mMm aVm
Am{U nm``m ~mYyZ H$mT>`m. _{Xamcm Hw$cyn cmdyZ ~X H$aVm òBc Aer gmo` Ho$cr; H$maU
IoS>oJmdmVrc ~hVoH$ _{Xao ~hVme CKS>rM AgVmV Am{U `m_wio ^Q>H$s Jm`r-Jwao, Hw$r, [aH$m_Q>oH$S>o
cmoH$ `mMm VoWo mg OmUdVmo. lrXod Ho$Xma~mOrMr nmcIr hmoir`m doir `m "ghmUo'da òVo, Vr
ghmU hUOoM hmoireoOmar Agcocr, nmcIr R>od`mMr M~wVaodOm _moH$ir OmJm, N>Vmcm no
Am{U g^modVr cmoIS>r {Jc cmdyZ ~{XV H$$Z {Xcr. OmVmOmVm, lr_hmamOmMm òH$ Jmo>rH$S>o
nmhm`mMm doJim Agm {>H$moZ g_OyZ KoUo Amd`H$ Amho.
H$moH$UmV òH$ JmdmV \$mJwZ nm{U_onmgyZ nwT>rc {H$_mZ nYam {Xdg nmcIr ghmUoda
_w$m_mcm AgVo. OdiOdi gd {R>H$mUr nmcIr CKS>mda EImm Vmnwa`m C^maco`m
_mS>dmImcr R>odcocr AgVo Am{U {V`m "ajUmW' nmM Xhm-OU VoWo {Xdgam VZmV AgVmV.
nmcIr ghmUoda Agon`V `m Zm `m H$m_mgmR>r qH$dm H$m_m`m {Z{_mmZo AZoH$ cmoH$ Amnbm
H$m_YXm gmoSy>Z VoWo a|JmiV AgVmV. `mnojm nmcIrMr OmJm ^$_ {Jg cmdyZ gwa{jV H$aUo
Ho$hmhr lo`H$aM Amho. naVw ho KS>dyZ AmUm`cm _m lr_hmamOmgmaIm >mM hdm.
lrXod Ho$Xma~mOrOdi`m {ed_{XamMm OrUm}mahr lr_hmamOmZrM Ho$cm d lmdU _{h`mV
{edqnS>rda R>do `mH$[aVm _wIdQ>m, lrJUnVr, lrhZw_mZ VgoM lrOJX~M
o r nMYmVyMr _yVuhr {Xcr.
lr_hmamOm`m BN>oZwgma 1990-91 gmcr S>oadU JmdmV lrhZw_mZ _{Xa Am{U `mcm cmJyZ
182 && MV`gy` &&
Ym{_H$ H$m`mH$[aVm EH$ chmZgo g^mJhhr Q>Q>V\}$ ~mYyZ Xo`mV Amco. `m B_maVrOdi EH$
Hy$nZ{cH$m lr_hmamOmZr ImoXyZ {Xcr Amho. `m {d{harMo nmUr {d{harda Q>mH$s ~mYyZ nmBnZo
MhmUdmS>r-JwOadmS>rVrc cmoH$mZm {Xco Amho. lr_hmamOm`m oaUoZo Q>Q>V\}$ 1992 gmcr gmdS>mMo
lrXod Xm _{Xa Z`mZo ~mYZy Xo`mV Amco. `m gd _{XamMr nyOm d XoI^mc ZrQ> hmdr hUyZ `m
_{Xam`m nwOm`mZm Q>Q>V\}$ _mZYZ Am{U ^mV Xa_hm {Xco OmVo. {edm` _{XamV {Xdm cmd`mgmR>r
JmoS>oVoc VgoM CX~mrgwm Q>Q>V\}$ Xa_hm {Z`{_VnUo nwa{dcr OmVo.
hm gd Vnerc \$$ S>oadU-gmdS>} JmdmVrc _{Xam`m gX^mV Pmcm. nw`mVrc hao am_ hao
H$U nWmdarc eH$amMo _{Xa lr_hmamOmZrM ~mYyZ {Xco. YZH$dS>rMo Xm _{Xa, Xoh H$Q>mo_|Q>_Yrc
lrJUnVrMo d XodrMo _{Xa `m`m OrUm}mamcm lr_hmamOmZrM _moR>o gmhm` Ho$coco Amho. "Hw$adnya'
ho am`MyaOdi H$Um ZXr`m nmm_ò Agcoco lrnmX lrd^mMo WmZ. `m WmZr OmUo XeZo Ny>Z m
gwc^ hmdo hUyZ lr_hmamOmZr VoWo hmoS>rMr `dWm H$$Z {Xcr. dOo ar òWrc lrXm _{XamMm
OrUm}ma lr_hmamOmZr dIMmZo Ho$cm. do._y.go JwOtZm nmR>dZy VoWo ZdrZ _yVuMr mU{V>m H$a{dcr.
`m g_ma^mMmhr gd IM `mZrM Ho$cm. EHy$U VrZ {Xdg Mmcco`m `m H$m`H$_mgmR>r Amnco
{V{ZYr hUyZ lr.dmcmdcH$agmho~ Am{U lr.~mUmdcr `mZm nmR>{dco hmoV.o
nmo_|S>r `m lr_hmamOm`m O_Jmdr EH$ _hmb_r _{Xa Amho. `m _{XamVM lr_hmH$mbr,
lr_hmgadVr, lr`mKm~ar Am{U lr^mUr `m Jm_XodVmMrhr WmZo AmhoV. _{Xam`m `dWogmR>r
1957 gmbrM EH$ Q>Q> WmnZ Pmbobm hmoVm. _m Vmo \$magm H$màV ZhVm. `m _{XamMm OrUm}ma
H$a`mMo 1982 `m Xa`mZ R>abo. `m doir lr_hmamOmZr W_ Wm{ZH$ {dVmZm dJao hmVr
Y$Z Vmo Q>Q> nwhm H$m`mpdV Ho$bm Am{U `m _{XamMm OrUm}ma H$$Z KoVbm. `mgmR>r bmJUmam
{ZYr C^ma`mMr ~hVme O~m~Xmar lr_hmamOmZrM EH$ hmVr nma nmS>br. nmo_|S>r`m lr.b_Uamd
Omoer, gwaoe Omoer Aem VU VS>\$Xma bmoH$mZm _mJXeZ Am{U Am{WH$ _XV nwadyZ `mZr
_{Xam`m OrUm}mamMo H$m_ VS>rg Zobo. `mM_mUo nmo_|S>r`m lram_oa _{Xambmhr lr_hmamOmZr
ânya AWgmhm` Ho$bo Amho.
AmOmoi`m gmo_oa Jmdr lrgmo_oam`m _{XamV \$ma nydunmgyZ _hm{edam, JmoHw$im>_r Ago
dm{fH$ Cgd hmoV AgV. naVw Wm{ZH$ bmoH$m_ò _VôX Am{U Xw\$ir {Z_mU hmoD$Z ho Cgd
H$mbmVamZo ~X nS>bo hmoVo. lr_hmamOmZr Wm{ZH$ bmoH$m_Yrb _VôX {_Q>dyZ gm_O`mMo dmVmdaU
{Z_mU H$$Z, ho Cgd nwhm gw$ Ho$bo. `m{edm` lr{edO`Vr Am{U lrXmgZd_r ho Cgd Z`mZo
gw$ Ho$bo. AmOn`V ho Cgd A`mhVnUo Mmby AmhoV.
lr_hmamOm`m AXmZmcm Am{U dXmZmcm Va Ajae: gr_mM ZhVr Am{U AmOhr
lr~m~m`m _{XamV Am{U lrjo S>oadU òWo dfâ {d{dY Cgd, gU, `k-`mJm`m {Z{_mmZo hm
YZXmZ dXmZ.. / 183
XmVdmMm AmoK dmhVM Amho. p`mZm gmS>m, nwfmZm YmoVao, H$mnS>o, V`ma eQ>g gmX hUyZ
dmQ>`mV òVmV. Q>mdog, emcr, H$n~em, H$mMoMo dmS>Jo, {S>eog `mMo gM {Xdmir, nMm`VZ `mJ
Aem gJr ^$OZmZm gmXd$n Xo`mV òVmV. `mV chmZ-Wmoa, Jar~-lr_V hm ôX `pH${MVhr
Zmhr. g_moa òBc `mcm `m doir hmVr òBc Vr ôQ> {_iVo. lr_hmamOmZm `mMo gdM ^$JU
gmaIo. ^maVm`m nVYmZ {XdJV lr_Vr B{Xam JmYr EH$Xm Q>Q>Mo H$m` nmhm`mgmR>r òUma hmo`m
hUyZ EH$ gwXa gmS>r `mZm ôQ> Xo`mgmR>r AmU`mV Amcr hmoVr. Vr ôQ> amOH$s` {damoYH$m`m
jw H$madm`m_wio a Pmcr. EH$ {Xdg lr_hmamO lr.gmX V|Sw>cH$amZm hUmco, ""Aao gmX,
AmnU Vr EH$ ^mar gmS>r AmUcr hmoVr Zm, Vr `m {dR>mcm XoD$Z Q>mHy$. Vr Var {~Mmar MmJcr gmS>r
dmnaoc !'' hr {dR>m Jwad ZmdmMr _wcJr Q>Q>_ò gm\$g\$mB`m H$m_mgmR>r AgVo.
`kgJr òUm`m ~dXmcm òH$ doir Zdo gmodio, emc, AmgZ, Vm`m-^mS>o, CnaUo,
YmoVa Aem ânya dVy ôQ> {X`m{edm` lr_hmamOmMo g_mYmZM hmoV Zgo. nw`mcm WS>r`m
{XdgmV H$m_Jma, godoH$ar Aem gdmZm lr_hmamO cmoH$arMo doQ>g, Q>mo`m, _\$ca, Ja_ aJ Aem
dVy doimodoir dmQ>V AgV.
Cgd, `k Am{U gUmdmar {d{dY n$mo Agcoco ^moOZ lr_hmamO AmJh H$aH$$Z gdmZm
dmT>rV. gdgm_m` _mUgm`m Kar Am` AgUmao {d{dY ImnXmW lr_hmamO _{XamV gdmZm
AmH$R> ImD$ KmcrV. lr_hmamOmda lrAnyU}Mm daXhVM hmoVm. `m_wio _{XamVrc AdrQ> JmoS>rMo
nXmW Am{U `mMr A{d_aUr` Md ~mhoa H$moR>ohr MmIm`cm {_iUo Ag^dZr` Amho. EH$Xm
_hmamOmZr lr.AemoH$amd OmoetZm 50 {H$cmo gwVa\o$Ur KoD$Z ò`mg gm{JVco Va EH$Xm 500 _cB
gS>{dM ! H$emgmR>r, Va ^$JUmZm ImD$ Kmc`mgmR>r ! hiXr-Hw$H$dm`m {Xder EH$Xm Q>onmo
^$Z H$qcJS>o AmUyZ _{hcmZm dmQ>cr hmoVr. hiXr Hw$H$dm`m {Xder lr_hmamO nwfmZmhr AJXr
nmoQ>â AmBgH$s_ AmJh H$$Z Im`cm Kmcm`Mo. lr~m~m`m _{Xam`m AmdmamV cmdco`m
mjm`m docmdaMr mjo, D$g AgoM _w$hVmZo ^$mZm {Xco Om`Mo. Am`m`m {XdgmV {H$_mZ
S>PZâ Am~o Var AJXr AmR>dUrZo gdmZm {Xco Om`Mo. A{Oam`m hJm_mV {H$cmo{H$cmo AOra
dmQ>co Om`Mo. EH$Xm lr_hmamO _S>BV Joco AgVm MmJco Am~o {dH$sgmR>r Amco hmoVo, Va Mma
nmQ>m Am~o KoD$Z _{XamV Amco Am{U lr.AU {_amer Am{U lr.dPoH$mH$m `m`mH$adr _{Xamg_moa
a`mZo òUm`m-OmUm`m nmXMm`mZm Vo dmQy>Z Q>mH$co.
ho gmao KS>dyZ AmUVmZm `m_ò H$moR>ohr XmVdmMm AhH$ma H$mS>r_m ZhVm. H$gcohr lo`
dV:H$S>o Ko`mMm `pH${MV `Z ZhVm. ""_r ~m~m`m WmZmVrc PmSy>dmcm Amho. H$V}H$a{dVo
lr~m~m AmhoV,'' Aem eXmV lr_hmamO dV:cm `m gm`mVyZ A{c H$$Z `m`Mo. naVw hm gmam
`mg `$s-`$scm, {V`m Eo{hH$ Jmo>t{df`r`m AmH$fUmMo e_Z H$$Z H$_`moJmgmR>r pWa{Mm
184 && MV`gy` &&
H$a`mgmR>rM hmoVm.
lr_hmamO nwH$i doim AmiXr-Xoh Aem nw`mOdirc VrWjo mV Amn`m ^$JUmgh OmV.
Aem doir XodXeZm~amo~aM VoWo ^$m`m gwIgmoBg mR>r qH$dm g_mOgodM
o o H$m` H$aUm`m gWmZmhr
lr_hmamOm`m XmVdmMm cm^ hmoB. lr_hmamO _{h`mVyZ gmYmaU EH$Xm Var Sw>Sw>iJmd òWrc
lr AS>~JZmWm`m g_mYr`m XeZmcm OmV. gd nyOmgm{h` gmo~V AgoM. lr AS>~JZmWmMr
nyOmAMm {Z`{_VnUo hmdr hUyZ VoWrc nwOm`mcm Xadoir EH$eo nMdrg nò amoI, Mma {H$cmo
JmoS>Vo c
o , Zmai, hma, ~mmgo, AJa~mr, ~w$m, hiX-Hw$ Hy$ B`mXr XoV AgV. VoWZy nwT>o AmiXrcm
lr kmZoa _mD$ct`m XeZmcm OmV AgV. OmVmZm lr{d>c-aIw_mBgmR>r nrVm~a, gmS>m, eoco
Aer do Am{U _wH$y Q> dJao KoVcoco AgV. H$mhr doim ~ZmaghZ Img V`ma H$adyZ AmUco`m gmS>m
Vo aIw_mBgmR>r AnU H$arV. lr_hmamOmZr VoWrc lrZqghgadVr dm_t`m _R>mcm OZaoQ>a ôQ> {Xcm
Amho. VoWrc Q>Q>Zo lr_hmamOm`m XoUJrVyZ dN>VmJho, Jmoemim ~mYcr Amho. VoWrc
A{VWrJhmgmR>rgwm lr_hmamOmZr ârd _XV Ho$cr Amho. lr_hmamO òH$ doir AmiXr`m Q>Q>cm,
`m`m H$m`mc`mV OmD$Z H$mhr XoUJr XoV AgV Am{U `mM doir Q>Q>`m gd nmg-gmR> ZmoH$adJmgmR>r
òH$s nmM qH$dm Xhm nò `m_mUo ~jrg hUyZ H$mhr a$_ `dWmnH$mH$S>o amoI XoD$Z òV AgV.
lr_hmamOmMm Xwgam EH$ d{eQ>>nyU KmV hUOo ~amo~a`m gd _S>itZm òH$ XodimV
Xodmg_moa R>od`mgmR>r gmYmaUnUo EH$ n`mnmgyZ Xhm n`mn`V H$mo`m H$aH$arV ZmoQ>m XoV AgV.
_hmamOmMo XmVd ho A{Ve` S>moig hmoVo. _XVrMm hmV XoVmZm `m_mJo H$mhr EH$ {Z{V
{dMmagy hmoVo. XmZ gnmr Agmdo Am{U Vo gH$maUr cmJmdo `mMr I~aXmar lr_hmamO Zoh_rM
KoV AgV. Q>Q>Mm ngm AZmR>m`r IM hmoD$ Zò hUyZ lr_hmamO Zoh_rM Xj AgV. naVw `mM
doir, H$moUmMohr MmJco H$m` nemA^mdr ASy> Zò, hUyZ Vo Zoh_r Vna AgV. g_moa`m _mUgmMo
AMyH$ _y`_mnZ H$a`mMr lr_hmamOmMr j_Vm Am{U AJrMo `dhmaMmVw` `m_wio lr_hmamOmMo
XmVd Zoh_rM gH$maUr cmJyZ g_mOmV AZoH$ _moR>r H$m_o C^r am{hcr. `mM_mUo AZoH$ _mUgo
Amn`m nm`mda C^r amhZ pWaWmda Pmcr.
^moaMo amhmUmao lr.amOJw$ ZmdmMo EH$ JhW _{XamV Zoh_r ÔZm`m doir _XJmMr gmW
H$am`cm `m`Mo. `m amOJw$Mr lr_hmamOmda AZ` lm hmoVr. lr_hmamO H$cmH$mamMo Ho$di
Aml`XmVo ZhVo, Va `m`m~c lr_hmamOm`m _ZmV Anma __d Agm`Mo. dmaH$ar gmXm`mVrb
AZoH$ ÔZr ~wdmZm lr_hmamOmZr _{XamVrc Cgdm`m doir AmdOyZ ~mocmdyZ lr~m~m`m Xa~mamV
`mMr godm Oy H$$Z KoVcr Am{U `m{Z{_mmZo `mZm ânya {~XmJr XoD$Z _XV Ho$cr. `m`m
AS>rAS>MUr`m doir `m`m nmR>rer Cô am{hco. lr_hmamOmZr `m doir OmoS>cocr lr.^mogco~wdm,
lr.[aJo~wdmgmaIr _mUgo AmOhr `mM loZo _{XamV hOoar cmdrV AmhoV.
YZXmZ dXmZ.. / 185
`m amOJw$ Zm 1985-86`m Xa`mZ {e$aOdi H$moR>o Var H$sVZmcm gmW H$aVmZm X`{dH$mamMm
PQ>H$m Amcm. `mZm nw`mcm S>m. Omoet`m Umc`mV XmIc H$a`mV Amco hmoV.o amOJw$ `m nZr
Am{U `mMr Xmohr _wco `m doir lr_hmamOmH$S>o gmH$S>o Kmc`mgmR>r Amcr hmoVr. lr_hmamOmZr `mZm
Amn`mg_moa ~gdyZ KoVco. `mZm Amn`m _Xy eXmZr Yra {Xcm. `mZm ImUo, MhmnmUr {Xco Am{U
lr.AemoH$amd OmoetZm 500 nò `mZm AmUyZ Xo`mg gm{JVco Am{U ZVa `mMm {Zamon KoVcm.
lr_hmamOm`m gm{`mV gmdcrgma`m AgUm`m lr.AemoH$amdmZm hr nmMeo n`mMr _XV nmhZ
WmoS>o Am` dmQ>co. ""mnXrgr do AZVm& XoV hmoVmgr ^JdVm & AmhmcmJr H$nUVm & H$moR>mo{Z
Am{Ucr JmoqdXm&&'' Aer ^mdZm H$Xm{MV amOJw$ `m nZrMrhr Pmcr Agoc. naVw `m ~mB Jo`mda
lr_hmamOmZr lr.AemoH$amdmZm gm{JVco, ""Vwcm dmQ>co Agoc H$s, 500 n`mda _r {VMr ~moidU
Ho$cr. naVw amOJw$ Mo {VH$S>o {ZYZ Pmcoco Amho. `m ~mB Umc`mV OmVrc, naVw ôQ> H$mhr hmoUma Zmhr.
hUyZM `m {~Mmarcm _r ImD${nD$ KmcyZ nmR>{dco Amho. AmO A{YH$ H$mhr H$a`mgmaIo Zmhr !''
`mZVa H$mhr doimZo IamoIaM amOJw$`m {ZYZmMo dm XoUmam \$moZ $Umc`mVyZ Amcm. nwT>o
XmoZ _{h`mZr lr_hmamOmZr lr.~Sy>eoQ> OmYdmZm _w~BhZ ~mocmdyZ KoVco Am{U `m`mH$adr Xhm
hOma nò `m ~mBZm _XV hUyZ nmR>dyZ {Xco. `m doir lr_hmamO lr.AemoH$amdmZm hUmco H$s,
Oa amOJw$`m {ZYZm`m doir ho ngo _r nmR>dyZ {Xco AgVo Va H$Xm{MV Vo `m ~mB`m hmVr
am{hco ZgVo. `mMr _Z:pWVr `m doir pWa ZgUma Am{U O_co`m ZmVodmBH$mZr A`gH$mamVM
Vr a$_ IM H$$Z Q>mH$cr AgVr. AmVm XmoZ _{hZo hmoD$Z Joco AmhoV. `m AmVm WmoS>m gmda`m
AgVrc. Vohm AmVm `m aH$_oMm `m `m`m ^{d`mgmR>r emVnUo {d{Z`moJ H$aVrc. `mZVa
amOJw$`m _moR>m _wcmcm lr_hmamOmZr Amnco EH$ Zohr lr._hmeXo `m`m_m\$V nw`m`m
_hmZJanm{cHo$`m ~ggodoV ZmoH$arhr {_idyZ {Xcr.
N>moQ>m-_moR>m _{XamgmR>r, emimgmR>r, JmdmVrc gmdO{ZH$ B_maVtgmR>r _XV _mJm`cm
lr_hmamOmH$S>o AZoH$ cmoH$ òV AgV. Aem doir lr_hmamO H$m`m`m _hmoZwgma `mZm `mo` Vr
_XV H$arV AgV. naVw Aem doir amoI a$_ Xo`mEodOr {g_|Q>, no, H$mco, cmXr Aem dVy`m
d$nmV _XV Xo`mV òB, OoUoH$$Z XoUJrMm Xwn`moJ AJa Anhma hmoD$ Zò. S>oadU n[agamV
AZoH$ JaOyZm Kamda Kmcm`cm H$mco {Xcr. AZoH$ doim Q>Q>Zo H$mco IaoXr H$$Z, dV:`m
dmhZmVyZ Vr dmS>r-dmS>rda ZoD$Z, JaOyZ m dmQ>cr AmhoV. `mEodOr Oa H$mco IaoXrgmR>r amoI a$_ hmVr
{Xcr AgVr Va AZoH$mZr Vr a$_ `gZmV CS>{dcr AgVr qH$dm A` H$moR>o Var IM Ho$cr AgVr.
lrgV grVmam_~wdmZm {X. 17.09.1960 amoOr {c{hco`m nmV lr_hmamO {c{hVmV,
""lrdm_tMo _R>mV ZXmXrnmgmR>r {Xcocm S>~m gnV Amcm Ago AmnU H$i{dco. Var Xwgam ZdrZ
S>~m KoD$Z Vmo W_ AmnUmH$S>o AmUmdm d Vmo CKSy>Z `mVrc XmoZ amc Voc ~mOycm H$mT>mdo d `m
186 && MV`gy` &&
g~Y S>`mV 2 amc H$Sy>Voc {_giyZ _J Vmo S>~m lrnmX `mOH$S>o nmohmoMdmdm. hUOo lrdm_tnwT>o
ZXmXrn `dpWV cmdcm OmBc d VocmMm Im`mg Cn`moJ Ho$cm OmUma Zmhr.''
lr_hmamOm`m H$Umcm cmO{dUm`m XmVdmMr H$sVu gdXya ngacr Ver `mMH$mMr JXuhr
dmTy> cmJcr. JXuV gmh{OH$M gd H$maMo cmoH$ AgVmV. `mVrc H$mhr g_mOH$m`m`m {_fmZo
dmW gmYyZ KoUmaohr AgVmV. Aem "YXodmBH$' g_mOgodH$mMm lr_hmamOmZm {VQ>H$mam hmoVm. Aem
cmoH$mZm lr_hmamO YwS>H$mdyZ cmdrV. n> ~mocyZ `mMo {nVi CKS>o nmS>rV. `m_wio H$mhr doim
`mVrc H$mhr OU dmW Z gmYcm Jo`m_wio _ZmV SyI Y$Z Q>Q>cm mg Xo`mgmR>r doJdoJ`m
{Z{_mmZo gKf CH$$Z H$mT>rV. S>oadU òWo Q>Q>cm Pmcocm Ia {damoY hmhr _ycV: `mM dmrVyZ
Pmcocm hmoVm. _m Oar lr_hmamOmZm g_mOgKQ>Z H$$ZM Amnco H$m` nwT>o `md`mMo hmoVo, Varhr
lr_hmamOmZr Aem H$moU`mhr A{Z>, AdmOdr Am{U Cm_ _mJUrcm ^rH$ KmVcr Zmhr.
lr_hmamOmH$S>o {MniyUhZ EH$ {Hw$Q> Zoh_r `m`Mo Am{U `m Zm `m ~hm`mZo lr_hmamOmH$So
ngo _mJm`Mo. EH$Xm lr_hmamOmZr `mZm H$m`_ cjmV amhrc Agm YS>m {eH${dcm. lr_hmamO
S>oadU òWo _w$m_mcm AgVmZm ho {VKo OU `mZm ôQ>m`cm Amco. `mZm nmhmVmM, H$mhr ~moc`mMr
gYr Z XoVmM, lr_hmamOmZr gw$ Ho$co, ""`m, _r dmQ>M nmhmV hmoVmo ! AmmmM _mPo dS>rc _cm
XeZ XoD$Z Joco. Vo hUmco, "Aao {dR>mo~m, AmO _mPr lm{VWr, Vy {dgacmg H$gm ? AmVm {ZXmZ
VrZ ~mUmZm Oodm`cm Kmc.' AemoH$, `mMr nmZ `m, `mZm òH$s 101 nò X{jUm Xo Am{U
hmo ! hr ~mV_r {MniyU`m nonamV Amcr nm{hOo ~a ! _mPo dS>rc òWo òD$Z _cm lmmMr AmR>dU
H$$Z Joco ! hr`m {XdgmV hr ZdcmMrM ~mV_r Amho H$s Zmhr ?''
VrZ-gmS>oVrZ Vmg Vo lmmMo OodU, d{S>cmMo dV: òWo òUo `mM{df`r gVV ~mocV hmoVo.
AJXr `WmgmJ Oodm`cm dmT>co, AmJh Ho$cm, ""`X amoMVo VX Jm_ ` amoMVo VV `m`_''
hUyZ hmV OmoSy>Z mWZm Ho$cr. Vo {VKohr nwaVo Jm|YiyZ Joco hmoVo. `mZm ~mocm`Mr gYrM {_ioZm.
lr_hmamO _òM ~mH$s`m cmoH$mZm gmJV hmoVo H$s, ""Vo {VKo {dmZ ~mU AmhoV. nU `mZm
lmmM OodU cmJV. Xwgao A Vo KoVM ZmhrV hUyZ Va ^yH$ cmJcr H$s Vo òWoM òVmV ! `mZm
Zoh_r lmmMo OodU dmT>m`M ~a !''
AIoarg H$go~go OodU CaHy$Z `mZr H$mT>Vm nm` KoVcm. lr_hmamO XohYmar Agon`V nwhm
H$Yr H$mhr _mJm`cm Vo S>oadUcm {\$aH$co ZmhrV.
D D D
YZXmZ dXmZ.. / 187
H$aU : 19
AZw^d Ho$di eXmZt ~mobUo & Ae` dUZ| - V`m R>m`m &
lr.amOm^mD$ d ho lr_hmamOmMo EH${Z> ^$ _w~Bcm {JaJmdmV amhmVmV. EH$Xm lr.amOm^mD$,
lr.dmcmdcH$agmho~, lr.VoSw>cH$a dH$rc, lr.~mUmdcr AmXr ^$_S>it~amo~a lr_hmamOm`m
XeZmgmR>r _w~BhZ S>oadUcm Amco hmoVo. òVmZm VrZ doim JmS>r {~KS>cr Am{U `m_wio dmg Vgm
XJXJrMmM Pmcm hmoVm. XeZ KoD$Z lr_hmamOm`m gm{`mV 1-2 {Xdg amhZ gd _S>ir `m
{Xder _w~Bcm naV {ZKmcr, `m {Xder _w~Bcm {edgoZo`m AmXmocZm_wio dmVmdaU \$moQ>H$
Pm`m`m ~mV`m ao{S>Amod$Z òV hmo`m. XJS>\o$H$, Ominmoi, gMma~Xr, Jmoir~ma; `m_wio
_w~Bcm naVUo OmoI_rMo H$m_ Pmco hmoVo. naVw gdmZmM Amnmn`m H$m_m_wio `m {Xder naVUo
Amd`H$M hmoVo. lr_hmamOmH$Sy>Z {ZamonmMm gmX KoD$Z, Z_H$ma H$$Z gmao OU {ZKmco, Vohm
lr_hmamO JmS>rn`V Amco hmoVo. gd OU JmS>rV ~gVmZm lr_hmamOmZr lrgX>Jw$ ~m~mMr AJXr
AmVnUo mWZm Ho$cr, ""~m~m, hr _mPr _wc AmhoV ! dm_r, hr _mPr _wc AmhoV ! `mZm gwI$n
`m !'' EdT>oM eX lr_hmamO ~mocco Am{U lrgX>Jw$Mm Zm_Kmof H$$Z JmS>rVrc gd OU
_w~BH$S>o _mJW Pmco. òVmZm AS>ocVz>gmaIr VrZVrZ doim ~gH$U _maUmar JmS>r OmVmZm _m
A~cI KmoS>mgmaIr _w~Bcm nmohmoMcr. XJcrMm dUdm e_cm ZhVm; naVw gd OU gwI$n
Amnmn`m Kar nmohmoMco. lr_hmamOm`m mWZoZo `m ^$_S>it^modVr gajH$ H$dMM {Z_mU Ho$co
hmoVo. ""hr _mPr _wc AmhoV !'' ho lr_hmamOmMo eX lr.amOm^mD$Zm AOyZ AmR>dVmV.
godH$m`m ^y{_Ho$VyZ Amn`m gX>Jw $ Mo, lr~m~mMo Ka Mmc{d`mMo dV KoVco`m lr_hmamOmZr,
cm{H$H$ AWmZo `mcm ggma qH$dm nM hUVmV Vmo H$Yrhr Ho$cm Zmhr, VarXoIrc `m`m {e`JUmMr
^mdZm "d_od _mVm M {nVm d_od' AerM hmoVr Am{U lr_hmamO `mZm "_mPr _wc' `m ^mdZoZM
o
nmhmV hmoV.o lr_hmamOmMo M[a g_OyZ `m`Mo Agoc Va lr_hmamOm`m `m "_wcmer' ~mocVmZm Vo
OodT>o Cm_ arVrZo g_OVo VodT>o Xwg`m H$moU`m _mJmZo g_OUo e` Zmhr.
lr_Vr AnUm H$m|S>H$a lr_hmamOm{df`r ~mocVmZm hUm`m H$s, òH$mcm dmQ>m`Mo H$s _hmamO
`mMo dV:Mo EH$Q>mMo AmhoV Am{U Varhr Vo gdmMo Am{U gdmgmR>r EH$M hmoVo. S>m.h[a^mD$
AmR>ò lr_hmamOm{df`r ~mocy cmJco H$s `mMm da hidm hmoVmo, S>moio ^$Z òVmV, ""AmB
`m_mUo Amn`m Mma _wcmV AnJ, Xw~`m coH$amda Ogo OmV o_ H$aVo, Vgo lr_hmamOmZr
_m`mda OmV o_ Ho$co.'' ImZyMo lr.~mnwamd ImS>oH$a `mMo EH$ n CncY Amho. `mVhr `mZr
lr_hmamOmZm "_mD$cr' hUyZM gmX KmcyZ EImm ~mcH$m_mUo `mMo cj doYyZ Ko`mMm dmadma
188 && MV`gy` &&
`Z Ho$cm Amho. Amn`m ^$m`m _ZmV lr_hmamOmMr {V_m hr AmBMr hmoVr, d{S>cmMr hmoVr.
_mUyg {H$Vrhr _moR>m Agcm, d`mZo, gnmrZo, A{YH$mamZo {H$Vrhr _moR>m Pmcm, Varhr `mcm Amnco
"_ycnU' Onmdogo dmQ>Vo. AmB-d{S>cm`m Ho$di ApVdmZo OmUdUm`m AmYmamMr `mcm JaO
AgVo. H$moU`mhr H$R>rU gJr Vo Amn`mcm nmR>rer KmcVrc hm {dmg AgVmo. Amn`mnojm
H$moUr Var _moR>o g_WnUo Amn`m nmR>rer Cô Amho `m ^mdZo_wio `mcm gwa{jV dmQ>Vo. OJ`mMo
VmUVUmd `m_wio gwg hmoVmV. lr_hmamOm`m gm{`mV Amco`m ^$mZm lr_hmamOmH$Sy>Z
AmBMohr o_ {_imco Am{U d{S>cmMohr. `m_wio `mZm dV:Mo _ycnU On`mVrc gm` {_imco,
_mòMm C~mam {_imcm Am{U A{Z>mnmgyZ ajU H$aUmao, _Zmcm AmV R>odUmao gajH$ H$dMhr
{_imco.
"ggma Agma Amho' hUyZ gmYwgVmZr {H$Vrhr AmoaSy>Z gm{JVco Var {H$Vr cmoH$mZr AmOda
ggmamMm `mJ H$$Z emdV gwImMm emoY KoVcm ? ggmamVrc gwIXw:ImZr JmOco`m gdgm_m`
_mUgmcm lr_hmamO XrnV^mgmaIo hmoVo, AmeoMm {H$Zmam hmoVo, AmYma hmoVo.
gmZ ~mcH$mMo [hV & OmUo _mD$crMo {Mm &
Vodr _mD$crg_mZ & dm_r H$[aVmo gajU&&
`m lr_hmamOm`m eXmda `m`m hOmamo-cmImo ^$mZr {dmg R>odcm Am{U `m {dmgmZo `mZm
{dnmr Poc`mMo ~i {Xco.
lr.amOm^mD$ d `mMm _wcJm _{V_X {ZnOcm. `m XwXdm`m AmKmVmMr VrdVm `mMr `mcmM
`WmWnUo g_OVo. O_â Z gnUmao Am{U g_`m. _m amOm^mD$`m nmR>rer lr_hmamO Cô
hmoVo. EH$Xm {JaJmdmV AZno{jVnUo a`mV lr_hmamO ôQ>bo. amOm^mD$`m Immda `mMm bhmZJm
_wbJm hmoVm. `m`m nmR>rda _mòZo WmonQ>V lr_hmamO hUmbo, ""Vw`m _wcmMr H$miOr Vy H$$
ZH$mog.'' _wcJm chmZ AgVmZmM nw`mVrc EH$m S>mQ>amH$S>o `m`mda hmo{_AmonWrMo CnMma
H$a`mV Amco. gw_mao AmR> df} ho CnMma Mmcy hmoVo. `m CnMmam_wio _wcJm dV:Mo dV: gd
H$a`mEdT>m dmdc~r Pmcm. e{Zdma-a{ddmar d _w~BhZ nw`mcm _wcmgh `m`Mo. `mMr amhm`mMr
`dWm _{XamVM H$a`mV Amcocr hmoVr. _{V_X _wcmMo dmJUo, `mZo H$moR>ohr XohY_ H$aUo, `m
gm`m Jmo>t`m ~m~VrV lr_hmamO H$Yrhr amJmdco ZmhrV. Vo `mcm `m`mM ^mfoV "Am~o'
(A^`) Aer H$mVwH$mZo hmH$ _m$Z `mMr XIc `m`Mo. `mMo d` dmT>co, Vmo _moR>m Pmcm Vohm
lr_hmamOmZr `m >rZo amOm^mD$Zm `m`mH$S>o A{YH$ H$miOrnydH$ cj R>od`mMr gyMZm Ho$cr.
amOm^mD$`m `m "A^`' Zmdm`m _wcmcm lr_hmamO e|JXmUo gmX hUyZ m`Mo Am{U
`m`mH$Sy>Z dXdyZ `m`Mo, ""gJio... XmUo... EH$X_... Im`Mo ZmhrV !'' lr_hmamOm`m AIoa`m
AmOmanUmV, amOm^mD$ Amn`m _wcr`m cmMo {Z_U m`cm Joco hmoVo. Vohmhr "Am~o' H$m`
AZw^d Ho$di.. / 189
hUVmo hUyZ `mZr _wcmMr MmH$er Ho$cr. _wcm`m ^{dV`m`m >rZo Am{WH$ VaVyX H$$Z R>odUo
ho amOm^mD$nwT>rc _moR>o AmhmZ hmoVo. nU `m`m nZrcm lr_hmamOm`m H$noZo gmoBH$a ZmoH$ar
{_imcr. VgoM {Zdm hmo`mnydu amOm^mD$Zmhr "H$moH$U aodo'_ò {V{Z`w$sda Mma df} H$m_
H$a`mMr gYr {_imcr Am{U `mMm ânya _mo~Xcm {_imcm; `m_wio amOm^mD$Mr Am{WH$
VaVwXrg~YrMr {ddMZm {_Q>cr.
`m gd h{H$H$VrV gdmV _hdmMr Jmo> hUOo lr_hmamOmZr amOm^mD$Zm _mZ{gH$ C^mar {Xcr.
"_wcmMr H$miOr H$$ ZH$mog' `m lr_hmamOm`m eXmZr lr.amOm^mD$ Amn`m Xw:ImVyZ gmdaco
Am{U _wcmcm doJdoJio CnMma H$adyZ KoD$ cmJco. EH$ Zdr C_oX lr_hmamOmZr amOm^mD$`m _ZmV
{Z_mU Ho$cr. `m C_oXrVyZ amOm^mD$Zr "_{V_X' _wcm`m g_òda H$m_ H$aUm`m gWm_YyZhr
H$m_ H$a`mg gwdmV Ho$cr. amOm^mD$ Am{U `m`m gw{d nZr `m XmoKmZrhr lr_hmamOmda nyU
{Z>m R>odyZ `m`m _mJXeZm_mUo VVmoVV dmJyZ Amn`m g_òcm I~ranUo Vm|S> {Xco. amOm^mD$
hohr AmdOyZ gmJVmV H$s {H$mckmZr lr_hmamOmZr _cm H$Yrhr, AJXr _m`m ImoQ>m g_mYmZmgmR>r
H$m hmoBZm, A^` nyU ~am hmoBc Ago gm{JVco ZhVo. _m `mMr H$miOr H$$ ZH$mo Ago gm{JVco
Am{U `mZrM gd H$mhr Ago OwidyZ AmUco H$s amOm^mD$Zm _wcm`m ^{dV`mMr H$Yr H$miOr
H$amdr cmJcr Zmhr.
lr.aJZmW JOmZZ ^mQ>dS>oH$a `mZm lr~m~m _hmamOmZr dhVo gmX â{dcm hmoVm. lr~m~mZrM
`mZm "{d>cmcm eaU Om' Agm AmXoe {Xcm hmoVm Am{U lr{XJ~aXmg _hmamOmZr n{h`m
ôQ>rnmgyZM hUOo 1948 gmcmnmgyZM lr.^mQ>dS>oH$amda Amn`m H$noMr gmdcr Yacocr Amho.
`mcm nm^y_r Aer H$s, lr.aJZmW ^mQ>dS>oH$amMo AmOmo~m ho lrgX>Jw$ ~rS>H$a _hmamOmMo AZwJ{hV
{e`. `mZr gdgJ n[a`mJ Ho$cm hmoVm. `m_wio ^mQ>dS>oH$am`m d{S>cmZm Am{U Am`m~mBZm
lr~m~mZr Amn`m XoIaoIrImcr R>odyZ `mMo ggma _mJu cmdyZ {Xco hmoVo. lr.aJZmW ^mQ>dS>oH$amZm
lr~m~mMo Am{U lr_hmamOmMo ânya o_ cm^co hmoVo.
lr.aJZmW ^mQ>dS>oH$a `mZm VrZ _wcr Pm`m, naVw nwmr _m hmoD$ eH$cr Zmhr. Amn`m
Am`m`m AmJhm_wio EH$Xm Amn`m _ZmVrc hr IV aJZmWamdmZr lr_hmamOmOdi `$ Ho$cr.
`m doir lr_hmamO hUmco, ""Aao, gdmZmM _wcJo Pmco Va {dmMr JVr IwQ>oc. nwfmcm
nwfmer c H$am`Mr nmir òBc ! Vy {Zame hmoD$ ZH$mo. hr VwPr _wcJr {d{dY jomV mdr`
{_idoc. ânya {eHy$Z _moR>r hmoBc, Zmdcm{H$H$ H$_mdoc !'' lr_hmamOmZr gm{JV`m_mUoM nwT>o
Jmo>r KS>V Jo`m. _wcrZo {OZpQ>H$, ~S>{_Q>Z, _cIm~ AmXr H$mamV am`Vamda Zmd H$_mdco.
MmJcr {eHy$Z "BcoQ>m{Zg B{O{ZAa'Mr nXdr {VZo mdr`mgh {_idcr.
lr.^mcM {edam_ VWm Vm`m {^S>o Am{U `m`m nZr lr_Vr gw_Vr~mB `m C^`VmZr
190 && MV`gy` &&
lr_hmamOmda Anma ^$s Ho$cr. gw_Vr~mB hUVmV H$s lr_hmamOm`m _mòMr ga `j Amn`m
_m`~mnmcmgwm òUma Zmhr. lr_hmamO gw_Vr~mBZm "_mhoadmerU' hUm`Mo Am{U "XwJu' `m
_mhoa`m ZmdmZoM hmH$ _mam`Mo.
"Xod Ago EH$ ^mdmMm ^wHo$cm & gm^mir ^$mcm XoVm ^md&&' `m Amoir gmW H$aUmao AZoH$
AZw^d gw_Vr~mBZm Amco AmhoV. `mZr lr_hmamOmda AJXr gmYm ^moim ^md R>odcm Am{U
lr_hmamOmZrhr doimodoir AJXr gm`mgm`m Jmo>rVhr `m`m _ZmMo H$moS> nwadyZ `mZm H$VmW
Ho$co.
Iyn nydu H$YrVar EH$Xm Cgdm`m doir OodUmdir Mmcy hmo`m. H$mhr ^{JZr dS>o Vi`mgmR>r
~g`m hmo`m. gw_Vr~mBhr `mV gh^mJr hmo`m. Mwcr`m YJrZo gmh{OH$M VhmZ cmJVo.
gw_Vr~mB`m _ZmV Amco H$s Ammm Oa WS>Jma ga~V {_imco Va {H$Vr ~ao hmoBc ! EdT>mV
lr_hmamO VoWo Amco Am{U `m ^{JZtZm hUmco, ""~m`mZmo, X_cmV hmo ! Wm~m, _r Vwhmcm ga~V
m`cm gmJVmo !'' `m_mUo WmoS>mM doimV gd ~m`H$mZm WS>Jma ga~V Xo`mV Amco.
EH$Xm {^S>o nVr-nZr lr_hmamOm`m XeZmcm _{XamV Amco hmoVo. `m doir lr_hmamOmMr
earaH$Vr AJXr jrU Pmcr hmoVr; naVw lr_hmamOmZm lr~m~m`m _{XamV XeZmcm Om`mMr
BN>m Pmcr hmoVr, hUyZ Vm`m {^S>o `mZm _{XamV KoD$Z {ZKmco. EH$m ~mOyg lr.Vm`m Am{U EH$m
~mOyg gw_Vr~mB Ago Cô amhZ hiyhiy lr_hmamOmZm lr~m~m`m _{XamV KoD$Z Joco. XeZ KoD$Z,
X{jUm KmcyZ lr_hmamO hiyhiy _{Xam`m ~mOycm Ho$cocm ^mOrnmcm, \w$cPmS>o dJao nmhm`mgmR>r
{VH$S>o dico. Chm`mMo {Xdg hmoVo. O_rZ Vmncocr hmoVr. lr_hmamO gw_Vr~mBZm hUmco,
""AJmo, VwPo nm` ^mOV AgVrc Zm ? Vw`m nm`mV Va H$mhr Zmhr !'' lr_hmamO EdT> hUV
AmhoV, EdT>mV {^S>oH$mHy$`m nm`mImcrc O_rZ EH$X_ Jma cmJm`cm cmJcr. `m lr_hmamOmZm
{dMm$ cmJ`m H$s, O_rZ EH$X_ Jma H$er cmJy cmJcr ? Vohm lr_hmamOmZr _X p_V Ho$co
Am{U {^S>oH$mHy$`mhr cjmV Amco H$s hr lr_hmamOmMrM {H$_`m Amho.
{^S>oH$mHy$Mm EH$ ^mD$ Iyn AmOmar hmoVm. `mMo cH$m` Pmcoco ZhVo. `m_wio {^S>oH$mHy$Zm
Zoh_r `m`m~c EH$M qMVm dmQ>o H$s hm Oa AmOmanUmV nadmYrZ Pmcm Va `mMr godmewlyfm
H$moU H$arc ? EH$Xm lr_hmamOmZr `m`m VòVrMr MmH$er {^S>oH$mHy$Odi Ho$cr; Vohm Yra H$$Z
H$mHy$Zr Amncr H$miOr lr_hmamOmOdi `$ Ho$cr. `m _hmamOmZm hUm`m H$s, _m`m ^mdmcm
nadmYrZ OrUo OJm`cm cmJy Zò EdT>oM _mPo _mJUo Amho. {^S>oH$mHy$Mm hm ^mD$ ZVa 7-8
{XdgmZr lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm`m nw`{VWr`m {Xder, earamcm nadmYrZnUm ò`mAmYrM,
AmfYmonMma Mmcy AgVmZm Ho$di EH$ ImoH$`mMr C~i òD$Z Jocm.
lr_Vr AnUm H$m|S>H$a Am{U A_moc H$m|S>H$a `mZr lr_hmamOmda AgmM {Zgr_ ^md R>odcm
AZw^d Ho$di.. / 191
hmoVm. lr_hmamOm`m AIoa`m {XdgmV lr_Vr H$m|S>H$a `mZr `mMr _Zmo^mdo godm Ho$cr hmoVr. `m
Xmn`mda lr_hmamOmZr Iyn _m`m Ho$cr. lr_hmamO H$m|S>H$aH$mHy$Zm Zoh_r gmJm`Mo H$s nydgwH$V ho
^moJyZ gnVo hUyZ gX>Jw$Odi OmVrV OmV ^moJ _mJyZ `mdoV. hUOo nwT>rc O_mV H$mhr ^moJ
amhmUma ZmhrV. lr_hmamO H$YrH$Yr ""^mVwH$cr`m Ioim_Ycr ...'' ho JmUo `mZm JwUJwUyZ
XmIdV. ho nwT>o hmoUm`m A_moc H$m|S>H$am`m AH$mcr _`yMo gyMH$ hmoVo; naVw `mZm _m `m doir
H$mhr H$nZm Amcr ZhVr. H$m|S>H$a `m`m Om`mZVa EH$Q>m nS>co`m lr_Vr H$m|S>H$a `mZm
AmYma {_imcm Vmo lr_hmamOmdarc Agr_ loMm !
""_r _m`m AmOy~mOy`m òH$ _mUgmcm "lr_hmamOd$n' _mZyZ `mM loZo OJmV dmd$
cmJco Am{U `m_wio _cm H$moR>o H$gcr AS>MU Amcr Zmhr,'' Ago lr_Vr H$m|S>H$a R>m_ loZo
gmJVmV. `mZm gd {R>H$mUr, gd H$mir H$moUr Var òD$Z _XV H$aVo. dmgmcm {ZKm`m Ag`mg
eoOma`m AmgZmda lr_hmamOM ~gco AmhoV Ago `m _mZVmV Am{U _J dmgmV H$moUVrhr
AS>MU òV Zmhr. eoOmaMr `$shr, H$moUrVar Amn`mM KaMr dS>rcYmar r ~gcr Amho Ago
g_OyZ, `mZm dmgmV _XV H$aVo. lr_hmamO Amn`m ^$mZm gXd gm^mirV AgVmV, H$YrM
AVa XoV ZmhrV `mMm `` lr_Vr H$m|S>H$aH$mHy$Zm gXd òV AgVmo.
Aem H$maMo AZw ^ d ^$m Z m dma d ma ò V M AgVmV. lr_Vr _mcy V mB dmcmdcH$a
(lr.dmcmdcH$agmho~m`m nZr) `mZm lr_hmamO Zoh_r gmJm`Mo H$s, {d{harV CS>r _ma`mMr doi
Amcr Va ~oeH$ AJ PmoHy$Z Xo ! _r Imcr C^m Amho ! Am{U _mbyVmB_mUoM `mZr`mZr lr_hmamOmda
lm R>odyZ "~oeH$' Imcr CS>r KoVcr, `m òH$mcm PocyZ Ko`mg lr_hmamO VoWo Cô AmhoV `mMm
nyU `` Amcm.
^$lo> H$_cmH$anV c_U dmcmdcH$a `mMo gnyU OrdZ `m Jmo>rMr {MVr XoUmao Amho.
1958 gmcr, dmcmdcH$agmho~mnwT>o lr.gXm{edamd V|S>wcH$a `m lr_hmamOm`m EH$m {e`damZr
Amn`m _wcr`m cmMm Vmd _mS>cm hmoVm. _m n{H$m ZrQ> OwiV ZhVr hUyZ V|Sw>cH$a_S>itZr,
gmho~mZm lr_hmamOmZm ôQy>Z gm Ko`mMo gwM{dco. `m n{h`m ôQ>rVM lr_hmamOm`m
{H$mcX{edmMr Am{U Am`mp_H$ A{YH$mamMr OmUrd gmho~mZm Pmcr. `mM doir `mZr _Zmo_Zr
Amnco OrdZ lr_hmamOm`m MaUr AnU Ho$co. lr_hmamOmZr ho c C^`VmZm gwIH$maH$ hmoBc
Ago R>m_nUo gm{JVco Am{U _J gmho~mZrhr lr_hmamOm`m eXmda nyU âdgm R>odyZ hmoH$ma
H$i{dcm. {ddmhmMm {Xdg Odi Amcocm AgVmZmM, lr.V|Sw>cH$a `mZm X`{dH$mamMm PQ>H$m
Amcm; naVw lr_hmamO gmho~mZm hUmco, ""Vw`m gmg`mMr XmoZ _wc AOyZ chmZ AmhoV. Vo
EdT>mV OmD$Z MmcUma ZmhrV; hUyZ na_oamH$Sy>Z `m`m nwT>rc O_mVrc nmM df} _mJyZ
KoVmo !'' lr_hmamOmZr dV: Umc`mV OmD$Z V|Sw>cH$am`m _wImV dhVo VrW KmVco. M_H$ma
192 && MV`gy` &&
hUmdm Aem VhoZo Vo ~ao Pmco Am{U {Z`mo{OV {Xder {ddmh gw`dpWVnUo nma nS>cm. {ddmhmZVa
H$mhr {XdgmVM lr_hmamOmZr gmho~mZm Amn`m d$n gXm`mMr Xrjm {Xcr.
{ddmhmZVa XodXeZmgmR>r gmho~ _mcyVmBgh Amn`m Jmdr OmD$Z Amco. òVmZm Zagmo~m`m
dmS>rcm, lrZqghgadVr dm_r _hmamOm`m XeZmcm Om`mMo R>aco. XeZ Pm`mda doi hmoVm
hUyZ gmho~ ~amo~a`m ZmVodmBH$mgh H$Um ZXr`m dmhmV nmoh`mgmR>r CVaco. AMmZH$ gmho~
Imoc nm`mV ^mod`mV AmoT>co Joco. `mZm nmoh`mMm \$magm gamd ZhVm. ^mod`mVyZ ~mhoa òUo
O_oZm. AmVm Amncm A{V_ jU Amcm `m ^mdZoZo `mZr lrgX>Jw$ {XJ~aXmg _hmamOmMo _aU
Ho$co Am{U Am` hUOo `mM jUr H$mR>md$Z H$moUr gVam-AR>am dfm`m _wcmZo nm`mV CS>r
KoVcr. gnmgn hmV _marV Vmo gmho~mOdi nmohmoMcm Am{U `mZo gmho~m`m _mZo^modVr hmV KmcyZ
`mZm {H$Zm`mda IoMyZ AmUco. gmho~ ^mZmda òD$Z nmhVmhoV Vmoda Vmo _wcJm VoWyZ Zmhrgm Pmcm
hmoVm. H$VkVm hUyZ AmnU `m _wcmgmR>r H$mhrM Ho$co Zmhr Aer gmho~mZm IV dmQ>V hmoVr.
`m gJmZVa _w~Bcm lr_hmamOm`m XeZmcm Joco AgVmZm, Jo`mJo`mM lr_hmamO gmho~mZm
hUmco, ""H$m` ao, dmS>rcm nm`mV ~wSy> cmJcmg Vohm `j XmJw$Zr Vwcm dmMdc`, _mhrV
Amho H$m` ?''
nwT>o H$mhr df} ZmoH$ar Ho$`mda Am{U eXH$moS>m_YyZ ngo {_i{d`mMm `Z Ho$`mda,
gmho~mZr ~mYH$m_ `dgm`mV nXmnU Ho$co. _m `m doir ZmoH$ar gmoS>cr ZhVr. ZmoH$ar Am{U
`dgm` gm^miV, VmaodaMr H$gaV Ho$`mgmaIo OrdZ OJV AgVmZmM dmadma lr_hmamOm`m
XeZmcm nw`mcm òUo, nwUo Am{U S>oadU òWrc WmZm_YyZ hmoUm`m CgdmZm hOa amhmUo,
lr_hmamOmZm H$moR>o Omd`mMo Agoc Va dV: JmS>r KoD$Z ~amo~a OmUo, ho gmao YmMo `mn Am{U
OrdKoUo VmU gm^mirV MmcyM hmoVo. nwT>o lr_hmamOmZr, gmho~mZm ^mJrXmarV Agcocm `dgm`,
^mJrXmar VmoSy>Z EH$Q>mZo H$a`mMm AmXoe {Xcm. Vmo {eagmd _mZyZ "_o. g_W S>ohcn_|Q>
H$mnm}aoeZ' `m ZmdmZo Amncm `dgm` OUy "lr_hmamOmMo AmnU _wI`ma AmhmoV' `m ^mdZoZo gw$
Ho$cm Am{U `mM ^mdZoZo AIS>nUo Mmc{dcm.
AYoar-dgmodm òWrc O_rZ IaoXr H$$Z VoWo _moR>m {Zdmgr H$n C^ma`mMr V`mar `m doir
gw$ hmoVr. KoVco`m O{_ZrV ImS>rMr XcXc hmoVr. hOmamo Q>gZr _mVr AmUyZ âmd KmcyZ VoWo
B_maVr ~mYm``m hmo`m. gH$Q>o òVmV Vr narjm nmhm`mgmR>rM Am{U EH$m nmR>monmR> EH$ Aer. `m
doir âmdmMo H$m_ {Q>H$co Zmhr, dmhZ Joco. naVw lr_hmamOmZr gmho~mZm gm{JVco, ""qMVm H$$
ZH$mo ! Vw`m Z{e~mV Amho Vo H$moR>ohr OmUma Zmhr. WmoS>o BH$S>o {VH$S>o hmoBc EdT>oM !''
hiyhiy H$nmZo AmH$ma KoVcm; naVw gX{ZH$mMr Zm|XUr _ZmgmaIr hmoV ZhVr. lr_hmamOmZr
gmho~mZm gm{JVco H$s, `m OmJoda EH$ `k H$a Am{U `m_mUo `m OmJr ghMS>r`w$ nMm`VZ
AZw^d Ho$di.. / 193
`mJ H$a`mV Amcm. lr_hmamO gnyU gmoh`mg hOa hmoVo. `mZr `kH$mimV amoO `k_S>nmV
dMZ Ho$co. `km`m XodVmnrR>meoOmar lrdm_r g_WmMr {V_m R>od`mV Amcr hmoVr (`mM OmJr
AmO lrdm_r g_W _{Xa Cô Amho).
`m gmoh`mZVa OmJmZm|XUrg doJ Amcm. naVw nwT>o 1981`m Xa`mZ EH$XarVM ~mYH$m_
`dgm`mV _Xr Amcr. AZoH$ Jh{Z_mU `moOZm R>n hmoD$Z nS>`m. ~mYH$m_ `mdgm{`H$ _oQ>mHw$Q>rg
Amco. gmho~mZmhr `m doir _moR>m \$Q>H$m ~gcm. S>mo`mda H$OmMm S>m|Ja dmTy> cmJcm.
`m doirM S>oadU òWo {ed-g_W JS>mMo H$m_ Omo_mZo gw$ Pmco hmoVo. {edg>r`m {Z{_VrMr
Am{WH$ O~m~Xmar lr_hmamOmZr gmho~m`m EH$Q>m`m {eamda Q>mH$cr hmoVr. S>oadU òWrc
JmoaJ[a~mgmR>r Mmcco`m {d{dY _XV `moOZm MmcyM hmo`m Am{U `mgmR>r ngo nwa{d`mMr O~m~Xmar
nwhm EH$Q>m gmho~mdaM hmoVr. Q>Q>`m nydu`m H$m_mgmR>r KoVco`m H$Om~m~V g~{YVmMm VJmXm
gw$ hmoVm, Vmo gmho~ Am{WH$Q>m AS>MUrV AmhoV hr ~mV_r ngaVmM A{YH$M dmT>cm. lr_hmamO
n[apWVr~c H$moUVrhr qMVm Z XmI{dVm S>oadUcm AmUIr ngo nmR>dyZ Xo`m{df`r gmho~mZm
{Zamon nmRdrV hmoVo. gmho~mMr hr OUy gdnarjmM hmoVr. _m `m H$gmoQ>r`m H$mcIS>mV EH$Xmhr
gmho~mZr lr_hmamOm`m H$m`mcm ngo nmR>{d`m~c A{ZN>m qH$dm Ag_WVm XmI{dcr Zmhr.
ZmVodmBH$, Zohr hUV H$s, lr_hmamOm`m ZmXmcm cmJyZ gmho~ {Xdmio H$mT>Uma. YmVrc
VmUVUmdm_wio VòVrda OmUdUmam n[aUm_ Pmcm; naVw Moh`mdaMr gVm H$_r Pmcr Zmhr.
Amncr qMVm lr_hmamOmnwT>o `$ Pmcr Va Vmo `mMm AZmXa R>aoc, `m`mda A{dmg R>aoc `m
^mdZoZo `mZr lr_hmamOmZm H$YrM Amncr Mc{~Mc XmI{dcr Zmhr. {edm` lr_hmamOm`m
{H$mcX{edmda `mMm nyU {dmg hmoVm. EH$ {Xdg lr_hmamO EH$m ^$mOdi hUmco, ""gdmZm
dmQ>V Agoc dmcmdcH$a YmVyZ CR>Uma, nU cjmV R>odm, EH$ {Xdg mM YmV _r `mcm
nem`m amerda cmoidrZ !'' Am{U lr_hmamOmZr Amnco eX Iao H$$Z XmI{dco.
lr_hmamOm`m Xoh`mJmnydu H$mhr {Xdg gmho~ lr_hmamOm`m XeZmcm Amco hmoVo. naV {ZKVmZm
Z_H$ma H$a`mgmR>r lr_hmamOmOdi Amco`m gmho~mZm lr_hmamO hUmco, ""Aao, H$_cmH$a,
Mmccmg H$moR>o BV`m cdH$a ? ~g WmoS>m doi _m`mOdi !'' Ago hUyZ o_mZo gmho~mZm Odi
~gdyZ KoVco. gmho~ H$mhr doi lr_hmamOmMo nm` MwarV VoWo ~gco hmoVo Am{U lr_hmamO Zohm>rZo
_yH$nUo gmho~mZm `mhmirV hmoVo. H$mhr doi VYVoV Jocm Am{U _J AMmZH$ gmho~m`m nmR>rda
Wmn _m$Z Vo hUmco, ""H$_cmH$a, Vwcm AmVm Iyn, A_mn ngm {_iUma Amho ~a H$m ! nU H$m`
ao, EdT>m nemM Vy H$aUma H$m` ?'' Amnco Oo-Oo H$mhr Amho Vo-Vo gddr lr_hmamOmMo Amho `mM
^mdZoZo gXd OrdZ`dhma H$aUmao gmho~ hUmco H$s, Vmo gmam ngm _r J[a~m`m H$`mUmgmR>rM
XoBZ ! Am{U nwT>o gmao `mM_mUo hmoV Joco. gmho~mZr Amn`m gX>Jw$da A{dMc {Z>m R>odcr
194 && MV`gy` &&
Am{U Amnco gdd gX>Jw$`m MaUr dmhZ `m`m Amko_mUo AZoH$ S>m|JamEdT>r H$m_o crc`m
C^r Ho$cr.
lr_Vr _mcyVmBZm lr_hmamOmZr gm{JVco`m ""Vy ~oeH$ CS>r _ma !'' `m eXm_ò XmoZ Jmo>r
JhrV AmhoV. EH$ hUOo ^$mMm Amn`m gX>Jw$darc AT>i {dmg Am{U Xwgar Jmo> hUOo
^$mcm gwI$n ncVramcm Zo`mMo lrgX>Jw$Mo AX^wV gm_`. gmho~mZr EH$Xm _Zmo^mdo lr_hmamOmMo
{e`d nH$a`mZVa `mnwT>o OrdZmVrc òH$ {ZU` `mZr lr_hmamOm`m BN>oZwgma VH$mi
KoVcm. ZmoH$ar gmoSy>Z YmV CVaUo, YmVrc ^mJrXmar VmoSy>Z dV:`m ~imda Cô amhmUo, ImS>rV
â KmcyZ VoWo {Zdmgr Jmio Agcoco _hmMS> JhgHw$c ~mYUo Aem gd _hdm`m {ZU`m`m
doir lr_hmamOmMr Amkm hrM {ZUm`H$ Jmo> Ago.
gmho~m`m EH$m cmQ>da EH$m c~mS> _mUgmZo A{VH$_U Ho$co hmoVo. lr_hmamOmZr AmXoe {Xcm
H$s `mMo Am{\$g CISy>Z \o$Hy$Z Xo Am{U g^modma q^V ~mYyZ Ko. H$moQ>-H$Moar H$a`mV JwVm dmT>oc.
gmho~mZr `m_mUo EH$m amrV H$m`dmhr Ho$cr Am{U Vr H$moQ>r _mocmMr O_rZ nwhm Vm`mV Amcr.
Aem AZoH$ Jmo>r ~mYH$m_ `dgm`mV hmoV AgVmV. JwS>m`m IS>UrgmR>r Y_`m, A{VH$_Uo,
ImoQ>m Ho$gog Aem AZoH$ Jmo>tMm mg `m YmV AgVmo; naVw lr_hmamOm`m H$nmN>mImcr
gmho~mZr _m YmV èmMr ZdZdrZ {eIao JmR>cr, A_mn ngm {_idcm, _m dV: Cn^moJey`
OrdZ OJyZ, lr_hmamOm`m H$m`mgmR>r Vmo dmhZ Q>mH$cm. ho gmao gX>Jw$darc Anma {Z>o_wio e`
Pmco.
gX>Jw$darc {Z>o_wio H$m` H$m` hmoD$ eH$Vo `mMo Xwgao CXmhaU hUOo S>m.~mUmdcr.
S>m. lrnmX ~mUmdcr ho lr_hmamOmMo na_^$ lr.XrZmZmW ZmJoe ~mUmdcr `mMo H${Z> {MaOrd.
Xhmdrn`VMo {ejU 60 Q>`m`m Xa`mZ JwU {_idyZ Pmcoco; naVw _ZmV dH$s` {ejU
Ko`mMr gw _hdmH$mjm W_nmgyZM hmoVr. ânya JwUmMo nmR>~i Zg`m_wio _o{S>H$ccm doe
{_i`mMr e`Vm WmoS>r H$_rM hmoVr Am{U `mVM EH$ {d{M n[apWVr CX>^dcr H$s `mM dfu
Xhmdr _{Q>H$Mr n{hcr ~M Am{U AH$amdr _{Q>H$Mr eodQ>Mr ~M EH$mM doir ~mhoa nS>cocr hmoVr.
hUOo Zoh_rnojm XwnQ> _wco BNw>H$ ! naVw Varhr lr_hmamOm`m H$noZo _o{S>H$ccm AS>{_eZ
{_imcr. H$mcoO_ò nmoQ>g goHo$Q>ar Pmco. doJdoJ`m IoimV {hararZo ^mJ KoVcm. `m_wio nmoQ>g
_o{S>{gZ_ò {deof A`mg H$amdm Ago dmQy> cmJco. Vo {ejU `m`Mo Va O_Zrcm Om`cm hdo
Am{U Vohr ^maVmV "AmWm}no{S>H$'_ò E_.Eg. H$$Z Om`cm hdo. `m >rZo A`mg Ho$cm. nydV`mar
Ho$cr. _mghr MmJco {_imco hmoVo `m_wio AS>{_eZ Z$s {_iUma hmoVr.
naVw Amncr hr BN>m lr_hmamOm`m H$mZmda KmVcr Vohm lr_hmamO W_M amJmZo ~mocco. Vo
hUmco, ""_r Vwcm S>mQ>a Ho$cm Vmo JmoaJ[a~m`m godogmR>r. nmoQ>g _o{S>grZ_ò pQ>g H$$Z Vy
AZw^d Ho$di.. / 195
Ho$di lr_VmMr godm H$aUma Amhog H$m ?

lr_hmamOm`m eXmZr S>mQ>a ^mZmda Amco Am{U {Z_yQ>nUo "_o{S>grZ'gmR>r AS>{_eZ`m
V`marcm cmJco. nwaoer V`mar H$am`cm doi {_imcm ZhVm. Varhr lr_hmamOm`m H$noZo MmJbo JwU
{_iyZ AS>{_eZ {_imcr. E_.S>r.(_o{S>grZ) Pm`mda lr_hmamOmMm AmerdmX Ko`mgmR>r S>mQ>a
Amco, Vohm lr_hmamO hUmco, ""AmOnmgyZ Vy _wcmZm Qr>Q>_|Q> Xo. OJâmVrc _wc Vw`mH$S>o
AmfYmonMmamgmR>r òVrc.''
Amn`m XoemV EH$m {df`mV E_.S>r. Ho$`mda nwhm Xwg`m emIoV E_.S>r. gmR>r doe {_iUo
H$R>rU, qH$~hZm Ae`M AgVo. naVw òWohr lr_hmamOm`m eXm_mUo Pmco. lr_hmamOm`m
H$noZo S>m.~mUmdcr `mZr A_o[aHo$V OmD$Z "no{S>AQ>rH$'_ò E_.S>r. Ho$co. ""g|Q> `wS>'' `m OJmVrc
gdm}H$>, _wcm`m H$ga hmpnQ>c_ò gmS>ogmV df} H$m_ Ho$co Am{U Iyn AZw^d {_i{dbm. VoWo
OJm`m H$mZmH$mon`mVyZ {d{dY XoemMr noeQ> _wco òVmV. `m`mda CnMma H$a`mMr gYr {_imcr.
S>m. ~mUmdbr A_o[aHo$bm {ZKmbo, VohmM `mZm lr_hmamOmZr gm{JVbo hmoVo H$s, Vwbm `m
XoemVrb JmoaJar~ OZVoMr godm H$am`Mr Amho Am{U `mgmR>r naXoemV {ejU Am{U AZw^d KoD$Z
òWo naV `m`Mo Amho. `m_mUo S>m.~mUmdcr AmVm Amn`m dH$r` H$me`mMm cm^ _w~B`m
Q>mQ>m _o_mo[a`c hmpnQ>c_YyZ Xoedm{g`mZm XoV AmhoV. `mM_mUo S>oadU òWrc ^$lo>
H$.c.dmcmdcH$a hmpnQ>c_òhr Vo _mocmMr H$m_{Jar ~OmdV AmhoV.
lr_hmamOmZm ^$mMo gd _Zmo`mnma AMyH$nUo g_Om`Mo. S>m.~mUmdcr EH$Xm H$moB~Vya òWo
H$m\$aggmR>r Joco hmoVo. VoWyZ Vo H$`mHw$_marMo lrdm_r {ddoH$mZX _maH$ nmhm`cm Joco hmoVo. Vo
gwXa n{d WmZ nmhZ, AmnUhr O_â òWoM ~M`dVmMo nmcZ H$arV godmdmrZo amhmdo Ago
`mZm VrdVoZo dmQ>co. naVr`m dmgmV _ZmV VoM {dMma KmoiV hmoVo.
_w~Bcm Am`mda _hmamOmZm ôQ>`mgmR>r S>mQ>a Oohm Joco, Vohm Vo H$mhr ~moc`mnyduM
lr_hmamO ~mocy cmJco, ""S>mo`mVyZ Vo ~M`mMo doS> H$mTy>Z Q>mH$. _r Vwcm _wcJr `moOyZ R>odcr
Amho. {nXdrYa Amho, dV: JmS>r Mmc{dUmar Amho.'' nwT>o S>mQ>amZm AerM nZr {_imcr.
S>m.~mUmdcr, E_.~r.~r.Eg. Pm`mda gm`Z hmpnQ>c_ò Ama.E_.Amo. hUyZ H$m_ H$arV
hmoVo. EH$Xm Vo lr_hmamOm`m XeZmcm Amco hmoVo. `m {Xder lr_hmamOmZm Vmn Amcm hmoVm hUyZ
lr.dmcmdcH$agmho~ Am{U S>mQ>amMo dS>rc lr.XrZmZmW ~mUmdcr `mZr `mZm lr_hmamOmMr
VòV nmhZ AmfY Xo`mMm AmJh Yacm. S>mQ>amZm {dcjU gH$moM dmQ>V hmoVm; naVw ZmBcmOmZo
`mZm VnmgUrgmR>r nwT>o hmdo cmJco.
_hmamO hUmco, ""H$m` ao, _cm VnmgVmo Amhog ? ~K, ~K !'' hUyZ hmV nwT>o Ho$cm. Va
Q>onaoMa Ago ZhVoM. Vo hUmco, ""Vmn Zmhr Amho !'' Vohm _hmamO hUmco, ""Ag hUVmog,
196 && MV`gy` &&
nwhm nhm ~a !'' Va `m doir AJmV hmVmcm MQ>H$m ~g`mEdT>m Vmn ! S>mQ>a hUmco, ""N>o !
N>o ! Vmn Va ânyaM Amho.'' Vohm nwhm hmV nwT>o H$$Z lr_hmamO hUmco, ""AmVm nhm ~a !'' Va
`m doir Q>onaoMa nwhm Zm_c. S>mQ>a AJXr Jm|YiyZ Joco d hUmco,""_r AmnUmcm H$m`
VnmgUma ?'' `mda _hmamO {_pH$cnUo hgco.
S>m.~mUmdctZm KS>{d`mV lr_hmamOmMm _moR>m hmV Amho. `mZm `mo` Vo _mJXeZ H$$Z
lr_hmamOmZr g_mOmo_wI >rMm godm^mdr Agm S>mQ>a V`ma H$$Z g_mOmcmM AnU Ho$cm. Aer
AdVr^dVrMr AZoH$ _mUgo emoYyZ, nmaIyZ nwT>o AmUcr. `mZm R>mHy$Z-R>moHy$Z KS>{dco. `mMm
Am_{dmg OmJV Ho$cm Am{U `mZm nwhm g_mOnwfm`m godoV JwVdyZ Q>mH$co. `m`mnwT>o _moR>o
ò` R>odco. _mUgo Ajae: KS>{dcr Am{U Vrhr Amn`m gXJw$`m _{XamV H$arV Agco`m
CnH$_mVyZ KS>{dcr. `m >rZo lr~m~mMo _{Xa ho EH$ {dmnrR>M Amho.
lr.gmX V|Sw>cH$a `mZr gm{JVco H$s, {ed-g_W JS>mMr C^maUr hmoVmZm, H$moR>ohr H$mJXmda
ZH$meo H$mTy>Z Vr Pmcocr Zmhr Va lr_hmamO O{_Zrda hmVmVrc H$mR>rZo aofm H$mTy>Z XmIdm`Mo
Am{U `m_mUo ~mYH$m_ hm`Mo. Varhr C^m am{hcocm {ed-g_W JS> ho A{V_ dmVw{en Amho.
lr_hmamOm`m _ZmV gnyU `moOZoMo gwn> {M V`ma hmoVo Am{U Vo `mZr VwH$S>mVwH$S>mZr
H$m_JmamH$Sy>Z gmH$ma H$$Z KoVco. lr_hmamOmMo OrdZH$m`hr AgoM lr_hmamOm`m >rg_moa
AJXr AmIrdaoIrd d$nmV AmIcoco hmoVo Am{U `mgmR>r cmJUmar, Cn`moJr nSVrc Aer
_mUgo lr_hmamOmZr {ZdSy>Z, nmaIyZ `mZm `m >rZo V`ma Ho$co Am{U _J `m`mH$Sy>Z {d{dY
jomV H$m_mMo S>m|Ja Cô Ho$co.
dH$r` jomV S>m.~mUmdct`mhr AmYr S>m.lr.X.Omoer (E\$.Ama.gr.Eg., cS>Z, E_.S>r.
_o{S>grZ) d `mMo {MaOrd S>m.gwYra Omoer, S>m.A`wV Omoer d `mMo dS>rc nw`mMo Zm_m{H$V d
MeoIa Omoer, {MniyUMo S>m._YwH$a Omoer VgoM `mMo MwcVo d Zm.h.Omoer, S>m.{OV| c. go
Ago AZoH$ S>mQ>g lr_hmamOmMo {e` hmoVo Am{U Amn`m dH$s` `dgm`mV CH$> mdr`
{_i{dcocr hr gmar _S>ir lr_hmamOm`m _mJXeZm_mUo dmQ>Mmc H$arV Amcr. lr_hmamOm`m
Am`mp_H$ gm_`m~amo~aM `m`m dH$s` jomVrc gImoc kmZmdahr hr gd S>mQ>a_S>ir
lm R>odyZ hmoVr.
S>m.A`wV Omoer hUVmV H$s, lr_hmamOm`m `j XeZm`m doir `m`m VoO:nwO, H$m{V_mZ
XeZmZo _r BVH$m ^m{dV Pmcmo H$s _mPm gd AhH$ma, dH$s` kmZm_wio dmQ>Umam VmR>m EH$m
jUmV Zmhrgm Pmcm. lr_hmamOmZm Am`wd}X, AcmonWr Am{U hmo{_AmonWr `m VrZhr emIm{df`r
CH$> kmZ hmoVo. gd A`mdV AmfYmMr Zmdo, `mMo JwUY_ `mMr `mZm MmJcr _m{hVr Ago.
lr_hmamOmZm _Yw_oh hmoVm, X`m`m A{^gaUmMm mg hmoVm, ~mH$m`{Q>g hmoVm; naVw H$moU`mhr
AZw^d Ho$di.. / 197
AmfYm{dZm Vo Amnco {dH$ma H$m~yV R>ody eH$V hmoVo. a$mVrc gmIa dmT>cr Agmdr hUyZ Q>oQ>
`mdr Va gmIa gnyU Zm_c `m`Mr. hm gd A{^m` EH$m E_.S>r.(_o{S>grZ) S>mQ>aZo, H$moU`mhr
VhoMo dH$s` {ejU Z KoVco`m qH$dm dH$s` nwVHo$ Z dmMco`m lr_hmamOm`m~c {Xcocm
Amho.
S>m.gwYra Omoer EH$ AmR>dU gmJVmV H$s, EH$Xm `mMo dS>rc S>m.lr.X.Omoer EH$m noeQ>Mo
WmàmBS>Mo AmnaoeZ H$arV hmoVo. lr_hmamOmMm _w$m_ `m doir S>mQ>amH$S>o hmoVm Am{U Vo AmnaoeZ`m
doir CnpWV hmoVo. AMmZH$ {dwV nwadR>m ~X Pmcm, Vohm lr_hmamO hmVmV ~Q>ar Y$Z `mMo
eoOmar Cô am{hco Am{U Ho$di `m ~Q>ar`m H$memV S>mQ>amZr Vo AmnaoeZ nyU Ho$co. {ZUmV
gOZhr ~Q>ar`m H$memV Agco AmnaoeZ H$$ eH$Uma Zmhr. _m dV: lr_hmamOM eoOmar Cô
amhZ H$nmH$me XmIdrV Ag`m_wioM Vo AmnaoeZ èdrar`m nma nS>co.
S>m.lr.X.Omoer gZ 1952-53 `m Xa`mZ naXoemVrc Amnco {ejU nyU H$$Z naV Amco
Am{U _w~Bcm XmXa òWo `mZr Amncm `dgm` gw$ Ho$cm. lr_hmamOmda `mMr \$ma lm hmoVr. Vo
lr_hmamOmMo AZwJ{hV {e` hmoVo. S>m.lr.X.Omoer `m`m AmOmo~mZr ~mYcocr EH$ _moR>r B_maV
XmXacm hmoVr Am{U VoWoM `m`m Hw$Qw~r`mMo dmV`hr hmoVo. _m `m d{S>cmonm{OV B_maVrV
`m`m H$mH$mMmhr {hgm hmoVm. `mZr Amn`m {h`mMm ^mJ S>mQ>am`m d{S>cmZm amoI a$_
KoD$Z {dH$V Xo`mMr BN>m `$ Ho$cr; naVw `mZr _m{JVcocr a$_ Adm`m gdm hmoVr. {edm`
`m B_maVrV H$mhr ^mS>oH$$ amhmV hmoVo. EH$ _Ocm _w~B _hmnm{cHo$`m emiocm ^mS>mZo {Xcocm
hmoVm. `m gd Jmo>t_wio EdT>r _moR>r a$_ XoD$Z B_maV dV:`m _mcH$sMr H$aUo {H$VnV `dhm`
R>aoc, `m{df`r Vo gmeH$ hmoVo. naVw lr_hmamOmZr S>m.lr.X.Omoer `mZm Am{U `m`m d{S>cmZm hr
B_maV nS>oc Vr qH$_V XoD$Z Ko`mg Cw$ Ho$co.
`m doir S>mQ>amMm `dgm`mV nwaVm O_hr ~gcocm ZhVm Am{U IaoXr `dhmamgmR>r H$mT>co`m
H$OmMm _moR>m ~moOm S>mo`mda hmoVm. ZVa EH$-XmoZ dfmVM lr_hmamOmZr gd ^mS>oH$$Zm OmJm Imcr
H$a`mg gmJmdo Ago gwM{dco. `m_mUo ~hVoH$ ^mS>oH$$ OmJm Imcr H$$Z Joco; naVw _hmnm{cHo$Mr
emim Imcr H$aUo ho H$m_ AdKS> hmoVo. `mgmR>r _hmnm{cHo$ZoM R>amd _Oya H$$Z emim A`
{R>H$mUr hc{dUo Amd`H$ hmoVo. ^mS>oH$$ H$m`m_mUo Ka_mcH$ hUyZ S>mQ>amMr ~mOy Xw~ir
hmoVr; naVw lr_hmamO Amn`m n[a{MV `$s`m AmoiIrMm Cn`moJ H$$Z ho H$m_ H$$Z Ko`mgmR>r
AZoH$ df} PJS>V hmoVo. eâ EH$ cmoH$mOdi lr_hmamO `m{df`r ~mocco AgVrc. _m Eadr
Ae` dmQ>Umar Jmo>hr doi òVmM ghOnUo MwQ>H$sgaer hmoD$Z Jocr. `m emioMo WcmVa H$a`mMm
R>amd EH$m ZJagodH$mZo _mS>cm Am{U Vmo `m {XderM AJXr ghOnUo _Oya Pmcm. hm gd `dhma
AJXr dY nVrZo gwairVnUo nma nS>cm Am{U gd B_maV AJXr gnyUnUo Vm`mV Amcr Am{U
198 && MV`gy` &&
VoWoM `mMo "lrg_W Z{gJ hmo_' gw$ Pmco. hr gd lr_hmamOmMrM H$nm Amho Agm S>m.lr.X.Omoer
`mMm R>m_ {dmg hmoVm. lr_hmamOm`mM AmerdmXm_wio `mMm `dgm`hr ââmQ>rg Amcm.
S>m.gwYra OmoetZr Amnco dH$s` {ejU gn{dco, Vohm EImm Zm_dV _moR>m hm{nQ>c_ò
H$mhr {Xdg C_oXdmar H$$Z Zmd H$_dmdo Am{U _J dV pQ>g H$amdr Agm `mMm {dMma hmoVm;
naVw lr_hmamOmZr `mZm Ka`mM hmpnQ>c_ò pQ>g gw$ H$a`mMm AmXoe {Xcm Am{U
lr_hmamOm`m H$nmerdmXmZo AJXr n{h`mM {XdgmnmgyZ `mMm `dgm` Cm_ Mmccm.
_m EH$Xm lr_hmamOmMm AmerdmX Z KoVm Ho$cocr Jmo> Zo_H$s H$er \$gcr Am{U `m_wio {H$Vr
ZwH$gmZ Pmco `mMrhr EH$ AmR>dU S>m.gwYra OmoetZr gm{JVcr Amho. S>m.lr.X.Mo gmYo _moVrq~XyMo
AmnaoeZ hmoVo. Zm_dV S>mQ>a {nVm-nwm`m >rZo AJXr _m_wcr e{H$`m hmoVr. ~hYm `m_wioM
hr Jmo> lr_hmamOm`m H$mZr Kmcm`Mo amhZ Joco. _m e{H$ò`m AmX`m {Xder _Zmcm II
cmJcr hUyZ S>m.gwYra `mZr hr Jmo> \$moZd$Z lr_hmamOmZm H$i{dcr. lr_hmamO ^`H$a gVmnco.
`mZr Ajae: {e`m {X`m, hUmco, ""Vwhmcm AmnaoeZ H$am`cm gm{JVco H$moUr ? AmVm _cm
H$m` {dMmaVm ?''
Am``m doir R>acoco AmnaoeZ a H$go H$am`Mo `m {^S>VnUm_wio Xwg`m {Xder Vo H$a`mV
Amco. XwXdmZo Vo Aèdr hmoD$Z S>m.lr.X.OmoetMm EH$ S>moim H$m`_Mm {ZH$m_r Pmcm. òD$ KmVco`m
A[a>mMr H$nZm lr_hmamOmZr {Xcr hmoVr; naVw `mH$S>o Xwcj Pmco Am{U H$m`_Mo ZwH$gmZ Pmco.
lr_hmamOm`m {ZH$Q> gnH$mV Amco`m AZoH$ S>mQ>gZm lr_hmamOm`m AX>^wV gm_`mMm
`` dmadma òV Ago. `m_wio Vo _mJXeZmgmR>r lr_hmamOmH$S>o `m`Mo Am{U lr_hmamOm`m
AmXoem_mUo dmJm`Mo. lr_hmamOmZr `mZm Amn`m {d{dY H$nmV gh^mJr H$$Z KoVco Am{U
Ho$di `dgm`mncrH$S>o OmD$Z OZgodoMo gmYZ hUyZ `dgm` H$a`mg {eH${dco. {MniyUMo
S>mQ>a _YwH$a Omoer AZoH$ df} S>oadUcm òD$Z VoWrc XdmIm`mV godm^mdr dmrZo H$m_ H$arV
hmoVo, Vo lr_hmamOmdarc AT>i lo_wio ! nw`mMo S>m.{OV| go `mZm lr_hmamOmZrM ~r.E.E_.Eg.Mm
H$mog H$a`mgmR>r nmR>{dco hmoVo. do._y.go JwOtMo ho ò> {MaOrd, lr_hmamOm`m gH$mamVM
chmZmMo _moR>o Pmco Am{U AmO Vo nw`mVrc lr~m~m`m _{XamV, ""H$.gm._mVm OmZH$s~mB JUoe
Omoer AmfYmc`'' MmcdyZ UgodoMm lr_hmamOmZr {Xcocm dgm MmcdV AmhoV.
`m gd S>mQ>a_S>itg_moa lr_hmamOmMm AmXe hmoVm. lr_hmamOmda `mMr lm hmoVr, {Z>m
hmoVr. lr_hmamOmMr H$nm `mZm cm^cr hmoVr, `m_wio Amn`m noemV Vo èdr Pmco Am{U
lr_hmamOm`m H$m`mcm hmV^ma cmdy eH$co.
lr. ^mH$a aKwZmW VWm ~mimgmho~ H$mOaoH$a ho nw`mVrc "lwVr _Jc H$m`mc`mMo' èdr
`dWmnH$. AmO`m Amn`m èmMo gmao lo` Vo Amnco gX>Jw$ lr{XJ~aXmg _hmamO `m`m
AZw^d Ho$di.. / 199
MaUmda {dZ_^mdmZo R>odVmV. "EH$ èdr CmoOH$ Am{U `$s hUyZ Or H$mhr OS>UKS>U Pmcr
Vr gmar lr_hmamOmZrM Ho$cr, Amn`m H$VdmMm `mV Vri_m Ae Zmhr,' Ago Vo Z_nUo
gmJVmV.
`mMo dS>rc lr.aKwZmWamd D$\$ ^mD$ H$mOaoH$a ho _yiMo gmoZdS>o (Vm. Hw$S>mi, {O. qgYwXwJ) `m
JmdMo. M[aVmWmgmR>r nw`mcm òD$Z d`nmH$mMr H$m_o H$$ cmJco. nydnw`mB_wio H$YrVar EH$Xm
lr~m~m`m _{XamV Cgdm`m doir d`nmH$mMo H$m_ H$a`mMr gYr {_imcr. `mMo dN> H$m_,
d`nmH$mMr Mr, _Xy d^md `m_wio lr_hmamOmMr `m`mda _Ou ~gcr Am{U _{XamVrc
d`nmH$mMr O~m~Xmar lr.^mD$da gmondyZ lr_hmamO {ZqV Pmco. ^mD$Zm gmV _wcJo, `mVrc
gdmV _moR>o lr.dmgwXod D$\$ XmXm ho nw`mV nXdrn`V {ejU KoD$Z ZVa JmdmVrc _m`{_H$ emioV
{ejH$ hUyZ Oy Pmco. KaMr O~m~Xmar gm^mim`cm Vo g_W hmoVo, `m_wio {Vr` {MaOrd
lr.^mH$a D$\$ ~mimgmho~ nw`mcm Amco. d{S>cmMr BN>m `mZr H$mhr Vm{H$ A`mgH$_ qH$dm
Q>oc[aJgmaIo H$me` hVJV H$amdo Aer hmoVr. d`nmH$m`m `dgm`mV `mZr òD$ Zò Ago
d{S>cmZm dmQ>V hmoVo; naVw lr.~mimgmho~mZm _m Vk qH$dm Q>oca hmo`mV \$magm ag ZhVm.
`m_wio `mZr hiyhiy Ho$Q>[aJ H$mQ>Q>g Ko`mg gwdmV Ho$cr.
nw`mV Am`mnmgyZM ~mimgmho~ g_m{Y_{XamV òV AgV. naVw lr_hmamOmMo n{hco XeZ
`m`m nyU _aUmV Amho. ~mimgmho~mZr òD$Z lr_hmamOmZm Z_H$ma Ho$cm Am{U lr_hmamOmZr
""H$moU ?'' hUyZ nN>m Ho$cr. ""_r ^mD$ H$mOaoH$amMm _wcJm, ^mH$a !'' Ago gm{JV`mda
lr_hmamOmZr `mZm ~gdyZ KoVco. gd MmH$er A{Ve` AmWodmBH$nUo Ho$cr. EdT>r _moR>r {d^yVr
Amncr EdT>m o_mZo MmH$er H$aVo, Amncr EdT>r XIc KoVo `m_wio ~mimgmho~ AJXr ^mamdyZM
Joc.o
nwT>o _{XamV òUo-OmUo dmT>co. _{XamVrc d`nmH$m`m O~m~XmarV d{S>cmZm hmV^ma bmdVmZm
nmhZ lr_hmamOmMm "~mi' (~mimgmho~)daVr {dmg dmTy> cmJcm. nw`mV Ho$Q>[aJMr H$m_ohr
hiyhiy {_iy cmJcr Am{U _{XamVrc O~m~Xm`m gm^miyZ Vrhr H$m_o ~mimgmho~ H$$ cmJco.
gZ 1974 Vo 84 `m Xa`mZ ~mimgmho~mZr nw`mVrc EH$m _Jc H$m`mc`mV d`nmH$mMr O~m~Xmar
Amn`m Hw$Qw>~r`mg_doV gm^micr. `m H$m_mVyZ ânya AWmr hmoV hmoVr. _{hZm 10-12 hOma
nò Var {_iV AgV. _m _{XamVrc H$m_mcm Zoh_rM mYm` hmoVo; H$maU lr_hmamO ho H$mOaoH$a
Hw$Qw>~r`mMo lmWmZ hmoVo Am{U VoWo nemMm Xw`_ hmoVm. lr_hmamO Xo`m-Ko`mMm {heo~
_mS>VmZm J_VrZo hUm`Mo H$s "~mi'er `dhma hUOo "VmQ>mVco dmQ>rV Am{U dmQ>rVco VmQ>mV'
Agm Amho.
EH$m dfu {Xdmir`m doir _{XamV ânya H$m_ hmoVo hUyZ ~mimgmho~mZr `m H$m`mc`mVrc
200 && MV`gy` &&
\$amimMo H$m_ H$a`mg Ag_WVm XmI{dcr Am{U `md$Z `m H$m`mc`m`m _mcH$mZo ^mS>U
gw$ Ho$co. eXmd$Z eX dmT>V Joco Am{U Vmo _mUyg lr_hmamOm~c H$mhr doS>odmH$S>o ~moccm.
VjUr VoWrc H$m_mda cmW _m$Z, òUo ~mH$s nemda nmUr gmoSy>Z ~mimgmho~ ~mhoa nS>co.
AMmZH$ Hw$Qw>~mg_moa _moR>m C^m am{hcm H$s, AmVm nwT>o H$m` ? M[aVmWmMm _w` moV
AMmZH$ ~X Pmcm hmoVm. nwhm Z`mZo O_ ~gdm`cm doi cmJUma hmoVm Am{U Odi ânya {ecH$s
ngm Amho Aerhr pWVr ZhVr.
{d_ZH$ pWVrVM ~mimgmho~ lr_hmamOm`m XeZmcm Joco hmoVo. `mMm qMVmJV Moham nmhZ
lr_hmamOmZr `mZm ~mOycm ~gdyZ KoVco. ""H$m` Pmco ?'' hUyZ {dMmaVmM ~mY \w$Q>`mJV
~mimgmho~ ~mocV Joco. lr_hmamOmZr gd emVnUo EoHy$Z KoVco Am{U eodQ>r hUmco, ""Vy _yI
Amhog ! Aao _cm {e`m {X`m hUyZ Vy Ymda nmUr {\$adcog ? Vy A`dhmar Amhog !''
~mimgmho~mZm lr_hmamO Iyn ~mocco; naVw ~mimgmho~ Amn`m ^y{_Ho$da R>m_ hmoVo. AIoarg
lr_hmamO hUmco, ""Om, ~m~mZm Z_H$ma H$$Z ò !'' ~mimgmho~ Om`mgmR>r CR>co Vohm lr_hmamO
AJXr emV, AmmgH$ gwamV hUmco, ""H$m`mc` Vw`mH$S>o MmcyZ òBc, ~a H$m ao ~mi !''
nwT>o {Vg`m qH$dm Mm`m {Xder lwVr _Jc H$m`mc`m`m _mcH$sU~mB lr_Vr AmnQ>o `mZr
~mimgmho~mZm ~mocmdyZ KoD$Z Amnco H$m`mc` Mmc{d`mgmR>r `mZm Xo`mMm Vmd _mS>cm. hm
Vmd lr_hmamOmZm `mZr gm{JVcm. lr_hmamOmZr 30 VmaImgmR>r H$m`mc` Ama{jV H$a`mg
gm{JVco. `mgmR>r gw_mao Mmirg hOma nò âUo Amd`H$ hmoV.o VodT>o ngo ~mimgmho~mOdi ZhVo,
hUyZ lr_hmamOmZr dmcmdcH$agmho~mZm gmJyZ `mMr `dWm Ho$cr Am{U lwVr _Jc H$m`mc`
~mimgmho~mZr dVnUo Mmcdm`cm KoVco.
lr_hmamOmZr EH$Xa Vrg VmaImgmR>r H$m`mc` `m`cm gm{JVco hmoVo, `mVrc EH$moUVrg
{Xdg cH$m`mZr âco Joco Am{U ~mimgmho~mMo Vo gmhg nyU èdr Pmco. `m cm`m _mog_mV
~mimgmho~mZm ânya AWmr Pmcr Am{U VoWyZ gw$ Pmcocr ~mimgmho~mMr KmoS>XmS> gXd Omo_mZo
gw$M Amho. _m ho è hm lr_hmamOmMm AmerdmX Amho, `mMo _mJXeZ Amho Ago ~mimgmho~
g_mU gmJV AgVmV.
~mimgmho~mda Cgdm`m doir _w` O~m~Xmar OodUmMr `dWm gm^miUo hr Agm`Mr.
lr_hmamOmMo cj Mm\o$a Ago. `m`m IS>mdmMm AmdmO EoH$cm H$s gmaoM OU XjVoZo dmJm`Mo.
EH$Xm EH$ AmMmar ^mOr {MaV hmoVm. {MaVmZm H$mhr ^mOr ~mhoa nS>cr Am{U Vr `mZo naV Jmoim
H$$Z ^mOr {Ma`mgmR>r KoVco`m ^mS>mV Q>mH$cr. Zo_H$s Vr Jmo> lr_hmamOmZr nm{hcr Am{U Vo
^`H$a gVmnco. Iyn AmoaS>co, ~mocco, hUmco, ""~m~mZm Zdo AnU H$am`Mm Vmo dN> Am{U
n{d Agcm nm{hOo.'' `m {XderMm `mMm amJ Am{U Vo ~mocUo ~mimgmho~m`m H$Yrhr {d_aUmV
AZw^d Ho$di.. / 201
OmUma Zmhr. ~mimgmho~ hUVmV H$s AmOhr H$m`mc`mV VrM {eV Am{U dN>Vm nmicr OmVo.
H$maU lr_hmamOmMr {eH$dU H$Yrhr {dgaVm òUma Zmhr. H$m`mc`mV {eO{dcoco A hogwm
gmXmBVHo$M dN> Am{U n{d Agco nm{hOo Aer _ZmMr OS>UKS>UM Pmcr Amho Am{U Vr
lr_hmamOmZr Ho$cr.
Cgdm`m AJa H$m`m`m doir ^mS>rHw$S>r, {Og {H$Vr nm{hOoV Vo lr_hmamOmZm gmJyZ, _mJyZ
`m`Mo AgV. EH$Xm gH$mir Amd`H$ VodT>o Zmai lr_hmamOmZm gmJyZ KoVco; nU `mVrc H$mhr
Iam~ {ZKmco hUyZ nwhm Zmai AmU`mgmR>r _mUyg Jocm. _hmamOmMo ~maH$mBZo gd cj Ago.
""hm H$moU _mUyg Amho ? `mcm H$m` hd` ? Zmai ? Zmai gH$mirM {Xcoco AgVmZm AmVm nwhm
Zmai H$emcm ? ho H$m` Mmcc` ? "AmYi XiV` Am{U Hw$ nrR> ImV`' Ag Mmcc Amho H$m` ?''
Ago hUyZ Mmccoco gd H$m`H$_ AJXr _nR>Umgh, Wm~{dco. ~mimgmho~mZm \$ma AnamYr
dmQ>co, `mZr nwT>o OmD$Z, Zmai Iam~ {ZKm`mMo gm{JVco, ""_J Vo _cm H$m gm{JVc Zmhr ?
nana Xwgao Zmai H$go ZoVm ? Hw$Ococo Zmai H$m` Ho$coV ?'' _J ~mimgmho~mZr Vo Zmai Q>mH$co
hmoVo Vo emoYyZ AmUyZ XmI{dco. lr_hmamO hUmco, ""ho Zmai Ago \o$Hy$Z m`Mo ZmhrV. H$m_H$ar
~m`mZm Vo m, `mnmgyZ `m Voc H$mT>VmV.''
H$m` gw`dpWV hmo`mgmR>r gd Jmo>r EH$m O~m~Xma _mUgm`mM nadmZJrZo H$aUo Amd`H$
AgVo. A`Wm gd `dWm {XemhrZ âH$Q>V OmBc, H$m`mda {ZÙ amhmUma Zmhr Am{U
{Z`moOZmMm IoiIS>mo~m hmoBc ho lr_hmamOmZr `m gJmZo gdm`m _Zmda R>g{dco. `dgm`
Mmc{dVmZmhr Aem gJmVyZ {_imcoco YS>oM Cn`moJr nS>V Amco.
~mimgmho~m`m _Vm_mUo Cgdm`m gwdmVrg lr_hmamO EH$Xm Amnco CJ $n XmIdV.
`mgmR>r EImXm _mUyggwm `mZr ~hYm AmYrM hoacocm Ago. EH$Xm `m _mUgmcm lr_hmamO
ânya amJmdyZ ~mocco H$s _J Cgdâ ~mH$sMo gmaoM d`godH$ nyUnUo XjVoZo Amnco `dhma
H$arV Am{U _J gmar ÙmM gwairV MmcV Ago.
gZ 1984 _ò S>oadU òWo `km`m doir EH$ ~mU cKweHo$cm OmD$Z AZw>mZ Wir òV
hmoVo. lr_hmamO Zo_Ho$ `m doir VoWo Amco hmoVo. lr_hmamOmZr {dMmaco, ""H$moR>o Jocm hmoVmV ?'' `m
~mUmZo IwUoZo H$aJir XmIdyZ cKweHo$cm Jo`mMo gy{MV Ho$co. `mda lr_hmamOmZr AJXr IUIUrV
AmdmOmV {dMmaco, ""earaewrgmR>r nmUr dmnacoV H$m ?'' (lr_hmamOmZr AJXr CKS> eXmV
{dMmaco hmoVo). lr_hmamOm`m eXmVrc Amdoe nmhZ Vmo ~mU Km~$ZM Jocm Am{U nmUr Z
dmna`mMo `mZo H$~yc Ho$co. lr_hmamOmZr VoW`m VoWo, O_co`m gd ~dXmg_moa `m ~mUmMr
IaS>n>r H$mT>cr. ew{M^yVnUmgmR>r H$m`H$m` nò nmim`cm hdrV, `m_mJrc em H$m` Amho,
Ago Z dmJUo hUOo ~mUdmcm H$gm H$m{i_m cmdUo Amho `mda gS>oVmoS> eXmV N>moQ>ogo {ddoMZ
202 && MV`gy` &&
H$$Z, `m ~mUmcm AmKmoi H$$Z, Zdo gmodio ZogyZ ò`mg \$_m{dco. `m doiMm lr_hmamOmMm
Vmo CJ Amdoe nm{hcocm H$moUrhr _mUyg ZVa C`m Am`w`mV nwhm emmcm S>mdcyZ dmJcm Zgoc.
lr_hmamOmZr _mUgo KS>{dVmZm, _mUgmVrc Am_{dmg OmJm H$$Z `m`mH$Sy>Z AdKS>
O~m~XmarMr H$m_o H$$Z KoVcr. lr_hmamOmMo H$n Zoh_rM ^` {X` AgV Am{U `mgmR>r
gmYZgm_Jr Am{U CncY _Zw`~i ho Zoh_rM VmoQ>Ho$, Anwao Agm`Mo. CncY _mUgo H$m`j_
AgVrcM Agohr Zmhr. Varhr `mMr H$moUVrhr `moOZm Anwar gmoS>mdr cmJcr Zmhr. `mMo H$maU
hUOo CncY gmYZgm_JrMm H$mQ>oH$moa dmna d _Zw`~imcm Cm_ {ejU Am{U `m XmohtMm
{Z`moOZ~ dmna ! gmYrgmYr _mUg hmVmer Y$Z `m _mUgmZm lr_hmamO EImm {df`mV nyU
nmaJV H$arV. lr.~~Z _UoarH$a Oohm lr_hmamOmH$S>o H$m_mgmR>r Amco, Vohm lr_hmamOmZr `mZm,
""OodU H$aerc H$m` ?'' Ago {dMmaco Am{U _UoarH$amZr hmoH$ma ^$Z Q>mH$cm; naVw `m doir
_UoarH$amMr nmQ>r OodUm`m ~m~VrV AJXr H$moar hmoVr. nmo`m H$aVmZm {H$Vr _mUgmgmR>r {H$Vr
H$UrH$ `m`Mr, `mV nmUr {H$Vr Kmcm`Mo, Vr {H$Vr K> _im`Mr ho gd lr_hmamOmZr ~~ZamdmZm
~mOycm dV: Cô amhZ {eH${dco. AmVm _{XamVrc CgdgJr ZmZm narMr n$mo ~~Zamd ~Z{dVmV
Am{U ^$_S>ir Vr MmIyZ V hmoVmV. Aer AZoH$ _mUgo lr_hmamOm`m _mJXeZm_wio Am`w`mV
doJdoJ`m jomV H$mhr d{eQ>nyU H$m_{Jar H$$ eH$cr.
lr_hmamOmMr _mUgmMr nmaI _m {dcjU Ago. EH$Xm EH$ AmMmar _{XamV OodU H$a`mgmR>r
{Z`w$ Ho$cm hmoVm. n{h`mM {Xder OodVmZm `mZo dV:`m nmZmV ânya ^mOr dmTy>Z KoVcr Am{U
Z In`m_wio Q>mHy$Zhr {Xcr. _hmamO hUmco H$s `mcm dV:`m nmoQ>mMm ZrQ> AXmO Zmhr Agm
_mUyg amoO nmM-nmg _mUgmMm d`nmH$ H$gm H$m` H$aUma ? hm _mUyg AmMr amoO ZmgmS>r
H$arc, Vohm `mcm CmM naV nmR>dm. `m_mUo `mcm cJoM {Zamon Xo`mV Amcm.
nwH$a _wUJoH$a hm _{Xam_ò godoH$ar Amho. `mMo dS>rchr _{XamV godogmR>r hmoVo; naVw Vo
_{XamV Z nQ>`m_wio {ZKyZ Joco Am{U `m Xa`mZ XwMmH$s`m AnKmVmV _aU nmdco. hr Jmo>
nwH$a`m O_mAmYrM H$mhr {Xdg KS>bobr hmoVr. nwH$a`m O_m`m Xwg`mM {Xder Ago
cjmV Amco H$s `mMo AmVS>o ZrQ> H$m_ H$a`m`m AdWoV ZhVo. H$mhrVar O_OmV Xmof hmoVm.
`m_wio `mcm emMmcm hmoV ZhVo Am{U VmVS>rZo `m XmoZ {Xdgm`m _wcmda e{H$`m H$aUo
Amd`H$ hmoVo. _wUJoH$a ho ~mimgmho~ H$mOaoH$amMo ZmVodmBH$ Ag`m_wio ~mimgmho~ YmdmYmd
H$$Z AmnaoeZgmR>r V`mar H$arV hmoVo. `mZr hr Jmo> lr_hmamOm`m H$mZmda KmVcr. lr_hmamOmZr
nwH$ad$Z EH$ Zmai AmodmiyZ Q>mH$`mg gm{JVcm. ~mimgmho~ VgoM Umc`mV Zmai KoD$Z
Amco. Vohm nwH$acm e{H$ò`m Q>o~cmda Zoco OmV hmoVo. ~mimgmho~mZr `m`md$Z Zmai
AmodmiyZ H$mT>cm Am{U lr_hmamOmZr gm{JV`m_mUo Umc`mg_moarb Mma`mda ZoD$Z \$moS>cm.
AZw^d Ho$di.. / 203
Vo Zmai \$moSy>Z naV òV AmhoV EdT>mV nwH$acm ghOnUo Zg{JH$ar`m emMmcm Pmco Am{U
`m`mda e{H$`m H$a`mMr H$mhr Amd`H$Vm Cacr Zmhr. hm gd gX>JwH$noMm _{h_m hmoVm.
`mM doir lr_hmamO hUmco hmoVo H$s hm _wcJm nwT>o Amn`m H$m_mcm òBc. d{S>cm`m AnKmVr
{ZYZm_wio O_mAmYrM nmoaH$m Pmcocm nwH$a nwT>o lr_hmamOm`m H$nmN>mImcr _moR>m hmoD$Z AmO
_{XamV _Zmo^mdo godm H$arV Amho.
Iw ~mimgmho~mZm lr_hmamOm`m AX^wV gm_`mMr {MVr `m`m AmOmanUmV XmoZ doim
Amcr. gZ 1984-85 _ò EH$m amr ~mimgmho~m`m nmoQ>mV Ag doXZm gw$ Pm`m. S>mQ>am`m
VnmgUrV Ago cjmV Amco H$s ha^`mEdT>m _wVIS>m Pmcm Amho Am{U VmVS>rZo e{H$`m H$aUo
Amd`H$ Amho. lr.~mimgmho~mZr WoQ> _{XamV OmD$Z hm dmmV lr_hmamOm`m H$mZr KmVcm.
lr_hmamO hUmco, ""AmnaoeZ dJao H$mhr ZH$mo. Vy CmaoH$S>o OmUmao VmoaUrMo _yi a{ddmar H$mTy>Z
AmU Am{U VrZ {Xdg CJmiyZ Ko.'' `m_mUo H$aVmM ~mimgmho~mMm mg hiyhiy H$_r Pmcm. ZVa
Eg-ao H$mT>cm AgVm _wVIS>m nyUnUo {daKiyZ Jo`mMo {Zn Pmco. S>mQ>amMm {dmg ~goZm
hUyZ nwhm EH$Xm Eg-ao H$mT>cm; naVw `mhr doir _wVIS>mMr H$moUVrhr IyU AmT>icr Zmhr.
`m_wio S>mQ>ahr M{H$V Pmco. _wVIS>m {daKi`mgmR>r e{H$ò{edm` A` CnMma AmhoV; naVw
`mgmR>r XmoZ-VrZ df} cmJVmV. `m_wio hm Ho$di Xdr M_H$ma Amho AgoM S>mQ>amMohr _V nS>co.
EH$Xm ~mimgmho~ H$m{dirZo AmOmar hmoVo. H$mdri EdT>r dmT>cr H$s, ~mimgmho~ AWUmcmM
{IiyZ hmoVo. A`V Ae$nUm_wio AJmV CRy>Z ~g`mMohr mU ZhVo. lr_hmamO EH$ {Xdg
~mimgmho~mMr VòV nmhm`cm `m`m KarM Amco. lr_hmamOmZm Amcoco nmhmVmM, Amn`m
emar[aH$ Agmhm`Vo_wio CRy>hr Z eH$Um`m ~mimgmho~m`m S>mo`mV nmUr Amco. lr_hmamO Vo
nmhZ hUmco, ""H$mhr H$miOr H$$ ZH$mog, \$$ ânya D$g Im Am{U Cm ~am hmoD$Z _{XamV ò.''
~mimgmho~mZr `m {Xder A` AmfYo ~mOycm R>odyZ \$$ {Xdgâ Cg Imm Am{U Am`mMr
Jmo> hUOo `m EH$m {XdgmV H$mdri EdT>r CVacr H$s, Xwg`m {Xder ~mimgmho~ _{XamV
lr_hmamOm`m XeZmcm OmD$Z Amco.
Aem AZoH$ Jmo>r lr.~mimgmho~ gmJVmV. lr_hmamOm`m gdM ^$mMr BN>m ""VwPrò d$nmMo
qMVZmdrU & [aVm Z Omdm EH$hr jU &&'' Aer AgVo. lr.~mimgmho~mZm Va lr_hmamOm`m gm{`mV
XrKH$mi amh`mMo, godm H$a`mMo ^m` cm^co Am{U ""VwPrò Zm_-$nmMm {dga & Z nS>mo _O
hm{M mdm da &&'' Aer _mJUr EH$Xm `mZr lr_hmamOmH$S>o Ho$cr hmoVr.
~mimgmho~mZm EH$Xm Jm`r-nwaaU H$a`mMr BN>m hmoVr. `mZr XmoZ-VrZ doim lr_hmamOmZm
`m~m~V {dMmaco hmoVo; nU lr_hmamOmZr `m ~m~VrV ~mocUo Q>mico hmoVo. lr_hmamO Amn`m
AIoa`m ndmV AgVmZm, EH$Xm ~mimgmho~ XeZmgmR>r Joco hmoVo. lr_hmamO emVnUo S>moio {_Qy>Z
204 && MV`gy` &&
{~N>m`mda nhwS>coco hmoVo. Z_H$ma H$$Z Pm`mda lr.~mimgmho~ lr_hmamOmMo nm` hiwdmanUo
Mony cmJco. ""H$moU ?'' lr_hmamOmZr {dMmaco. ""_r, ~mi !'' ~mimgmho~ hUmco. H$mhr doi
emVVoV Jocm Am{U _J lr_hmamOmZr {dMmaco, ""~moc ! Vwcm H$m` nm{hOo ?'' ""Jm`r nwaaU
H$a`mMr \$ma BN>m Amho, H$$ H$m ?'' ~mimgmho~mZr {dMmaco Am{U VjUr VòV A{Ve` jrU
Pmcr hmoVr Varhr lr_hmamO VmS>H$Z AYdQ> CRy>Z ~gco Am{U `mZr ~mimgmho~mda H$R>moa eXmMm
dfmd H$arV `mMo _mJUo YwS>H$mdyZ cmdco.
~mimgmho~ jUâ V{^VM Pmco. lr_hmamOmZm AmnU {dZmH$maU mg {Xcm hUyZ {ha_wgco
Pmco. lr_hmamO WmoS>m doimZo nwhm S>moio {_Qy>Z AmS>do Pmco. H$m` H$amdo ho Z gwMyZ jUâ
~mimgmho~ VY Cô am{hco Am{U _J Yra H$$Z nwhm nm` Mony cmJco. lr_hmamOmZr nwhm {dMmaco,
""H$moU ?''
""_r, ~mi !'' ~mimgmho~ nwhm hUmco. lr_hmamO hUmco, ""_mJ Vwcm H$m` nm{hOo Vo !''
Vohm ~mimgmho~ hUmco H$s, _cm Amn`m MaUmMo gXd _aU amhmdo. lr_hmamOmZr S>moio CKSy>Z
g _woZo ~mimgmho~mH$S>o nm{hco Am{U "VWmVw' hUyZ AmerdmX {Xcm.
lr_hmamOm`m gm{`mV òUmam _mUyg ghdmgmZo hiyhiy AV~m ~XcV Om`Mm. lr_hmamOmMr
{eV, XjVm Am{U Xamam EdT>m hmoVm H$s Kar ZmR>minUm H$aUmam _wcJm lr_hmamOm`m Odi
R>odcm H$s lr_hmamO `mcm AV~m ~XcyZ Q>mH$m`Mo. lr.gmX V|S>wcH$a gmJVmV H$s, "XJS> Ogm
R>moHy$Z KS>dVmV Vgm lr_hmamOmZr _cm KS>{dcocm Amho.' Aem AZoH$ gwXa _yVu lr_hmamOmZr
KS>{d`m; naVw Ho$di R>moHy$Z XJS> KS>{dVm òVmo. _mUgmcm KS>{dVmZm `mhrnojm A{YH$ H$mhr
H$amdo cmJVo. `mcm o_hr mdo cmJVo, _m`mhr cmdmdr cmJVo Am{U `mMm ZmR>minUmhr g_OyZ
`mdm cmJVmo. `mgmR>r H$UoZo H$mR>moH$mR> ^$Z AmogS>Umao H$mirO Agmdo cmJVo.
lr.{dZmW X. ^wXogmB `m Amn`m ^$mcm nmR>{dco`m EH$m nmV lr_hmamOmZr {c{hco
hmoVo, ""AmnU doioda OodUImU KoV Omdo, Zmhr Va Amhmcm Cndmg KS>Vmo.'' Amn`m ^$m~cMr
lr_hmamOmMr hiwdma ^mdZm `m gm`mem dm`mV `mZr AJXr ghO `$ Ho$cr Amho.
nw`m`m lr.qMVm_U har namS>H$a `mMm Q>oc[aJMm `dgm` hmoVm. lr_hmamO `m`mH$Sy>Z
_{XamVrc JS>r_mUgmMo H$nS>o {edyZ KoV AgV. _mno lr_hmamOmXoIV `m`Mr. {edUH$m_mV Pmco`m
MwH$m lr_hmamO XmIdyZ m`Mo. Vo hUm`Mo, ""JmdmV ~aoM MmJco Q>oca AmhoV. naVw _r EH$Xm
Vwhmcm Amnco hQ>co H$s Vw_`m{edm` Xwg`mcm H$m_ XoUma Zmhr. Vwhr _cm O_V Zmhr Ago
hUmcmV Varhr Vw_`mH$Sy>ZM _r H$m_ H$$Z KoUma.''
EH$Xm Va dV:Mo 12 eQ>g `mZr namS>H$amZm {edm`cm {Xco. namS>H$a gH$moMyZ, "H$mca
{edm`bm _bm {VVHo$go O_Uma Zmhr' Ago hUmco Va H$mca H$er {edm`Mr ho AmH$Vr H$mTy>Z
AZw^d Ho$di.. / 205
lr_hmamOmZr g_OmdyZ gm{JVco. "Amn`m' namS>H$am`m ggmamcm hmV^ma cmd`mgmR>r

lr_hmamOmMr hr YS>nS> hmoVr. m o_mZoM `mMo VrZhr {MaOrd gwaoeamd, adrH$mH$m Am{U {dZm`H$amd
AOyZhr _{XamV AIS> H$màV AmhoV Am{U AmVm {Vgar-MmWr {nT>rhr `mM loZo _{XamV gh^mJr
hmoV Amho.
Aer AZoH$ Hw$Qw>~o _{XamV gnyUnUo a_cocr AmhoV. do._y.go JwOtMo gnyU Hw$Qw>~ _{XamVrc
H$m_mV aJyZ Jococo Amho. lr_Vr gwYmVmB go `mMm Agm {dmg Amho H$s, `mMr Mmahr _wco
lr_hmamOm`m N>mòV dmT>cr, _{XamV `m`mda Oo gH$ma Pmco `m_wio _wcmH$Sy>Z AmB-d{S>cmMm
H$YrM Anojm^J Pmcm Zmhr. gm_m{OH$ dmVmdaU PnmQ>mZo {~KS>V AgVmZm, g_mOmV dmd$Zhr
_wco dVZmZo {Zc}n am{hcr `mcm Ho$di lr_hmamOmMr {eV, gH$ma Am{U dMm[aH$ OS>UKS>U
H$maUr^yV Amho.
_m gXJw$Mo o_ {_idm`cm, `mZr "Amnco' hUm`cm gnyU {Z>m `m`m nm`r dmhmdr
cmJVo. lr._Joe {dZm`H$ Hw$cH$Ur Am{U `mMo dS>rc {dZm`H$ gXm{ed Hw$cH$Uu ho 1958 gmcr
lr_hmamOm`m XeZmgmR>r W_ Joco. _m gwdmVrg {H$òH$ doim Ago Pmco H$s, lr_hmamOmZr
Jo`mJo`m `mZm e|JXmUo XoD$Z ~moidU H$amdr. {dZm`H$amdmZr hUmdo, ""Amn`m XeZmcm
Amcmo Amho.'' Va lr_hmamO {MSy>Z hUm`Mo, ""_mPo H$gco XeZ KoVm ? _m`mH$S>o H$m`
Amho ? XeZ `m`Mo Va lrdm_tMo `m !''
AZoH$ doim Iz> hmoD$Z {nVmnw naV OmV. _m EH$Xm lr._a~ir `m`m g`m_mUo
lr._Joe Am{U `mMo chmZ ~Yy lr.JwZmW ""e|S>r VwQ>mo H$s nma~r'' Agm {Z` H$$ZM {X.15
_mM 1959 amoOr lr_hmamOm`m XeZmgmR>r _a~it`m Kar Joco. `m {Xder lr_hmamOmZr
lr._JoeamdmZm g_moa ~gdyZ KoVco. _m _JoeamdmZr Amncr H${\$`V `m`mg_moa _mS>`mda
amJmamJmZo lr_hmamO `mZm hUmco, ""nMmV gwIXw:I ho òUmaM. mn{MH$ _mUgmZo `mMm
gm_Zm H$am`cm {eH$co nm{hOo. Vw_Mo gmoS>dm`cm _r òWo ~gcocm Zmhr.''
lr_hmamOmMo ~mocUo EoHy$Z Xmohr ~Yy {Zame _ZmZo CR>co Am{U Z_H$ma H$$Z {ZKmco. Z_H$ma
H$aVmZm lr._Joeamd _ZmV lr_hmamOmMr H$Um ^mHy$Z hUmco, ""Jw _m` _mD$cr, Vy Am_Mm
gm^mi H$a !'' AVkmZr lr_hmamO `mZm hUmco, ""Ammm Oo _ZmV hUmcmV Vo _moR>mZo hUm.''
_JoeamdmZr Amncr mWZm lr_hmamOmZm EoH${dcr Vohm jUmV lr_hmamO emV Pmco, g Pmco
Am{U `m jUmnmgyZ Hw$cH$Uu Hw$Qw>~r`mZm lr_hmamOmZr Amnco hUyZ Odi Ho$co.
lr.dgV {^H$mOr hf} `m lr_hmamOm`m nw`mVrc EH$m ^$mZrhr Amncr gX>Jw{Z>m, H$gmoQ>r`m
narjoV Cm_ H$mao CmrU hmoD$Z XmIdyZ {Xcr. lr.hf} ggmamVrc AS>MUtZr AJXr mgyZ Joco
hmoVo. EH$m_mJyZ EH$ gH$Q>o òVM hmoVr; naVw `mZr lrXmmo`mMr CnmgZm {Z>oZo Mmcdcr hmoVr.
206 && MV`gy` &&
EH$Xm lr_hmamOmZr `mMr AdWm OmUyZ `mZm Ago gm{JVco H$s, Vw_`m Xohm`mV {^wO
JUnVr Amho. `mMr CnmgZm _mJrc VrZ {nT>mV Pmcr Zmhr hUyZM Vwhmcm mg hmoV Amho. Vohm
qMMdS>cm OmD$Z lr _moa`m Jmogmdr Am{U `m`m gmV deOmMo Oo g_m{Y_{Xa Amho, `mcm
""U` {eagm Xod'' ho Vmo hUV 21 X{jUm gVV 21 {Xdg Kmcm. ZmoH$ar gm^miyZ ho gmao
H$am`Mo hUOo {X`M hmoVo. _m hf} `mZr lr_hmamOmMr Amkm _mU _mZyZ amoO amr qMMdS>cm
_w$m_mcm OmD$Z, nhmQ>o cdH$a CRy>Z ho dV nyU Ho$co. CnmgZm nyU Pm`mda lr_hmamO hUmco
H$s, ""_r VwPr narjm nmhm`mgmR>r Vwcm EdT>r H$R>rU CnmgZm gm{JVcr Am{U Vy `m narjoV CmrU
Pmcm Amhog.'' `mZVa lrJUnVrMr AmUIrhr CnmgZm `m`mH$Sy>Z H$adyZ KoVcr Am{U `mZm
gwImg_mYmZmMo {Xdg XmI{dco.
lr.hf} {_{cQ>ar_ò {gphcr`Z hUyZ ZmoH$arcm hmoVo. 1965 gmcr `mZm Im`mV\}$ hmoUm`m
dH$s` VnmgUrcm Omdo cmJUma hmoVo. lr.hf} `m`m EH$m S>mo`mV Xmof hmoVm. `m_wio dH$s`
VnmgUrV Anm R>a`mg ZmoH$arcm _wH$mdo cmJoc Aer ^rVr hmoVr. lr.hf} `mZr Amncr ^rVr
lr_hmamOmnmer `$ Ho$cr. Vohm lr_hmamOmZr `mZm Yra {Xcm Am{U narjocm gm_moao Om`cm
gm{JVco. `j VnmgUr`m doir {>XmofmMm ~mOygM am{hcm Am{U `mZm hm{Z`mMm mg
Agmdm Aer eH$m VnmgUm`m A{YH$m`mZm Amcr. nwhm Xwg`m {Xder VnmgUr Pmcr. `mM
A{YH$m`mZo hf]Zm AmfYmonMma H$$Z `m, Ago gmJyZ "Zm_c {\$Q>' Agm eoam {chZ {Xcm.
AmZXmZo lr.hf} lr_hmamOmZm Z_H$ma H$am`cm Amco, Vohm lr_hmamOmMr n{hcmM {dMmacm,
""H$m` ! {\$Q> g{Q>{\$Ho$Q> {_imco H$m` ?'' VnmgUr A{YH$m`mcm "{\$Q> g{Q>{\$Ho$Q>' Xo`mMr oaUm
lr_hmamOm`mM gm_`m_wio {_imcr. lr_hmamOm`m AJr Agcoco, "Ae`mcm e`' H$a`mMo
gm_` AZoH$ ^$mZr AZw^dco Amho. lr_hmamO _m "H$V} H$a{dVo lrgX>Jw$' `m ^mdZoZoM `m
gJ`m Jmo>t`m lo`mnmgyZ dV:cm A{c R>odm`Mo.
lr_hmamO EH$Xm dmhoacm {M_mgmho~ amOo{eH}$ `m`mH$S>o Joco hmoVo. gmo~V lr.dgV _hmXod
D$\$ ~mOramd {Q>Ho$H$a Am{U A` VrZ-Mma ^$ _S>ir hmoVr. XmoZ JmS>mVyZ hr gd _S>ir dmg
H$arV AgVmZm {Q>Ho$H$am`m JmS>rMm \ Z~oQ> VwQ>cm. _mJyZ òUm`m Xwg`m JmS>r`m S>m`haZo Vmo
~XcyZ {Xcm. nwT>o {ZKVmZm lr_hmamO {Q>Ho$H$amZm hUmco, ""~mOramd, hr JmS>r Amn`mcm mg
XoVo Amho. Vohm Vy Mmcdy ZH$mog; _rM hr JmS>r MmcdVmo.'' lr_hmamOmZr g\$mBZo JmS>r gw$ Ho$cr.
dmhoa-BXya aVm AXM hmoVm. naVw g_mo$Z òUm`m dmhZmZm dmQ> XoV lr_hmamO JmS>r MmcdV
hmoVo. H$mhr doim JmS>r ~mOyg KoVmZm, a`m`m ~mOyg Agco`m IS>r`m {T>Jmda S>m`m ~mOyMr
Xmohr MmHo$ MT>V. lr_hmamOmZr `mnydu H$Yr JmS>r Mmc{d`mMo H$moUr nm{hcoco ZhVo. AX aVm,
ahXmarMr dXi Am{U AZmoiIr Xoe `m_wio JmS>rVrc ghdmgr Km~acoco hmoVo. lr._`mgmho~
AZw^d Ho$di.. / 207
~mnwgmho~ amOo{eH}$ ho Va JmS>rVyZ CVa`m`mM V`marV hmoVo; naVw lr_hmamO gdmZm Km~$ ZH$m
hUyZ gmJV hmoVo Am{U gWnUo JmS>r hmH$V hmoVo. Agm 25-26 {H$._r.dmg Pmcm. EdT>mV nwT>o
Jococr Xwgar JmS>r a`m`m H$S>ocm Wm~cocr nm{h`mda lr_hmamOmZr {Q>Ho$H$amZm {dMmaco,
""~mOramd, JmS>rMm ~oH$ Hw$R>o Amho ? AmVm JmS>r Wm~dm`cm nm{hOo !'' lr_hmamOm`m `m mda
{Q>Ho$H$a MH$mdyZM Joco Am{U `mZr ~oH$ cmdyZ JmS>r Wm~{dcr. ~oH$ H$moR>o Amho hohr _mhrV ZgVmZm
lr_hmamOmZr 25-26 {H$._r.JmS>r Mmc{dcr ho nmhZ gmaoM Am`M{H$V Pmco. gmo~V Agcoco
lr.{dO` amOo{eH}$ `m doir hUmco Vo Ajae: Iao Amho. Vo hUmco, ""lr_hmamOmZm `m Xw{ZòV
H$moUVrhr Jmo> H$aUo Ae` Zmhr.''
EH$Xm lr_hmamO S>oadUhZ nw`mcm _hm~ioa_mJ} òV hmoVo. lr.A_moc H$m|S>H$a JmS>r MmcdV
hmoVo. _hm~ioa`m KmQ>mV JmS>rVyZ _moR>m AmdmO `m`cm cmJcm. AmdmO ^r{VXm`H$M hmoVm hUyZ
H$m|S>H$a `mZr Imcr CV$Z nm{hco; nU H$gcm AmdmO Vo g_Oco Zmhr. lr_hmamO hUmco, ""Aao,
dm_r Amn`m ~amo~a AgVmZm {^Vmog H$gcm ?'' `mZr ""lr dm_r g_W _hmamO H$s O`''
Agm Kmof _moR>m AmdmOmV Ho$cm Am{U hUmco, ""JmS>r gw$ H$a, AmdmO dJao H$mhr òUma Zmhr !''
JmS>r gw$ H$aVmM AmdmO dJao ~X Pmcm Am{U JmS>r AJXr Z`m JmS>rgmaIr Mmcy cmJcr.
H$mOn`V JmS>r Amcr d nwhm AmdmO gw$ Pmcm. lr_hmamO hUmco, ""AmVm nwUo Amco. AmVm
Wm~y ZH$m.'' JmS>r VerM _{Xamn`V Amcr. Xwg`m {Xder JaoOcm XwVrgmR>r JmS>r nmR>{dcr
Vohm cjmV Amco H$s hrc ~oA[aJMo M$ XmoZ VwH$S>o Pmcoco hmoVo Am{U AmV EH$hr ~mc OmJoda
ZhVm ! Vmo _oH${ZH$hr hUmcm H$s, Aem AdWoV hr JmS>r òWda gwI$n Amcr Vr Ho$di
lr_hmamOm`m gm_`mZoM.
lr_hmamOmMo gm_` MamMamda {ZÙ R>odUmao hmoVo. lr.har am_M _wUJoH$a nydu _{XamV
godogmR>r am{hcoco AgVmZm `mZr `mMr {MVr KoVcr. EH$Xm amr _{Xam`m AmdmamVrc gJio Zi
Mmoarcm Joco. nhmQ>o CR>`mda hr Jmo> cjmV Amcr. ^rV^rVM Pmcm H$ma `mZr lr_hmamOm`m
H$mZr KmVcm; naVw Anojo_mUo gVmn`mEodOr lr_hmamO ImoImo hgm`cm cmJco. Vo hUmco,
""Aao, Pmco Vo ~aoM Pmco. Amnco Xm[a `mZr Mmoaco. Amnco Zer~ H$m H$moUmcm MmoaVm òUma
Amho ? Q>mH$sV nmUr {H$Vr {eH$ Amho Vo nmhZ ò AJmoXa !'' nmUr dmhZ Joco Agoc ho `m`m
S>mo`mVM Amco ZhVo. nmUr dmhZ Joco Agoc Va {Xdgâ _moR>m ~mH$m gJ hmoVm. _wUJoH$a
YmdVYmdV nmUr {H$Vr {eH$ Amho ho nmhm`cm Joco Am{U `mZm Y$mM ~gcm. Q>mH$sVrc nmUr
Ogo`m Vgo hmoVo. nmBnmMr Vm|S>o gVmS> CKS>r AgVmZm Q>mH$sVrc nmUr _m dmhZ Joco Zmhr !
`m _wUJoH$amZm EH$m Jmo>r{df`r _ZmV Hw$Vyhc hmoVo. lr_hmamO lr~m~m`m _{XamVrc nyOm
AmQ>monyZ {ZKV `m doir `m`m Odirc Zdom`m N>moQ>m dmQ>rVrc ZdomMo XyY gmX hUyZ
208 && MV`gy` &&
dmQ>oV ôQ>Um`m gdm`m hmVmda gò`m nirZo WmoS>oWmoS>o KmcrV. OmVmZm dmQ>oda "em`m' Hw$mhr
C^m Ago Am{U `mcmhr Vmo gmX {_iV Ago Am{U Varhr dmQ>rV WmoS>o XyY {eH$ amhr. `mM_mUo
lr_hmamO _{XamV Am{U {ZdmgWmZmV doJdoJ`m 10-12 {R>H$mUr CX~mr cmdrV AgV.
_wUJoH$amZm Hw$Vyhc hmoVo H$s lr_hmamO CX~`m _moOyZ KoVmV H$m ? hUyZ EH$ {Xdg Vo lr_hmamOm`m
~amo~a am{hco Am{U `m`m _mJmo_mJ ho CX~`m cmdUo nmhmV {\$$ cmJco. `m {Xder lr_hmamOmZr
Zoh_r_mUoM 10-12 CX~`m Z _moOVmM KoV`m Am{U Zoh_r`m OmJr CX~`m cmdVmZm AmUIr
10-12 Z`m OmJrhr CX~`m cmd`m hUOo EH$Xa 24-25 {R>H$mUr CX~`m cmd`m ho nmhZ
_wUJoH$a Am`M{H$VM Pmco. Am{U eodQ>r _hmamOmZr hgV hgV _wUJoH$amZm {dMmaco, ""H$m` ao
^mD$, gd XodmZm CX~`m nwa`m Zm ?'' Vohm _wUJoH$a AdmH$M Pmco.
Amn`m {` ^$_S>iter lr_hmamO H$Yr \$ma {_pH$cnUo dmJV AgV. lr.{dZm`H$amd
namS>H$a EH$Xm CgdmMo doir lr_hmamOm`m nJVrcm Oodm`cm ~gco hmoVo. dmT>Um`mZo AmJhmZo
{eam ânya dmT>cm. Aem doir lr_hmamOhr H$mVwH$mZo gdmZm AmJh H$am`Mo. CgdH$mimV l_Um`m
d`godH$mMo H$mVwH$ H$a`mgmR>r lr_hmamO AmJh H$am`Mo Am{U _J dmT>Umaohr CgmhmZo n$mmZr
nmZ ^$Z Q>mH$m`Mo. `m_mUo dmT>cocm Vmo {e`mMm T>rJ nmhZ {dZm`H$amd hamU Pmco hmoVo.
dmT>nr Jo`mda lr_hmamO {dZm`H$amdmZm hUmco, ""H$m` ao OmV Pmcm H$m ?'' {dZm`H$amd hmo
hUmco. lr_hmamO hUmco, ""_J Ag H$a, OodT>m OmV Pmcm Agoc VodT>m EH$m ~mOyg H$a Am{U
hdm Agoc VodT>m EH$m ~mOyg H$a !'' {dZm`H$amdmZm ~ao dmQ>co. OmV Pmcocm {eam Imm Zmhr Var
Mmcoc `m {dMmamZo `mZr ~amMgm ^mJ EH$m ~mOyg Ho$cm d WmoS>mgm ^mJ Im`mgmR>r EH$m ~mOyg
KoVcm. ho nmhZ lr_hmamO hUmco, ""Pmco XmoZ ^mJ H$$Z ? _J Ag H$a, OmV Pmcm` Vmo AmYr
Im Am{U hdm Agcocm ZVa Im !'' nJVrV gdmZmM hgy \w$Q>co.
lr.Xmmo` amOmam_ D$\$ Anm _mo{hao ho S>oadU òWrc lr_hmamOmMo {dmgy ^$. lr_hmamO
S>oadUcm Amco H$s ho gH$mi, g`mH$mi lr_hmamOm`m XeZmcm `m`Mo. lr_hmamO `mZm {dmgmZo
H$mhr H$m_o gmJm`Mo. lr_hmamOm`m _OuVco Ag`m_wio `mZm S>oadU_Yrc {damoYr H$nyZo Iyn
mghr {Xcm. `m Anm _mo{haoZm H$mimoImVyZ EH$Q>mZo Om`mMr \$ma ^rVr dmQ>m`Mr. `md$Z
lr_hmamO Zoh_r `mMr J_V H$am`Mo. gm`H$mir AmaVr Pmcr H$s XeZmcm Amcoco Jm_W EH$EH$
H$$Z Z_H$ma H$$Z lr_hmamOmMm {Zamon `m`Mo. naVw lr_hmamO AnmZm {Zamon H$mhr m`Mo
ZmhrV. Om hUyZhr gmJV ZgV Am{U amhm hUyZhr gmJV ZgV. _J MmJcm H$mimoI Pmcm H$s
hUm`Mo, ""Anm, Vwhr {ZKm AmVm !'' nU Anm H$gco {ZKVmV ? ~mhoaMm H$mimoI ~KyZ Anm
_{XamVM amhm`Mo R>adm`Mo. _hmamO nwhm WmoS>m doimZo hUm`Mo, ""Anm, 100 nò XoVmo, EH$Q>o
Kar OmD$Z XmIdm !'' Anm hUm`Mo, ""Zmhr _hmamO ! _r Amncm òWoM amhmVmo !'' _J hr a$_
AZw^d Ho$di.. / 209
H$Yr hOma n`mn`V dmT>m`Mr. _m Anm _{XamVM gwa{jV amhmUo ngV H$arV.
`m AnmZm lr_hmamOmZr H$m_mgmR>r EH$ gwVma AmUm`cm gm{JVcm hmoVm. `mZr `m_mUo
gwVma AmUcm, naVw H$m_ WmoS>o a|Jmico hmoVo. `mVM EH$ {Xdg lr_hmamO S>oadUcm Amcoco
AgVmZm, hm gwVma hmer aJ^yfmH$ma Ag`m_wio gmdS>mcm `m {Xder hmoUm`m Wm{ZH$ cmoH$m`m
ZmQ>H$mMr aJ^yfm H$am`cm hUyZ cdH$a H$m_ gmoSy>Z Jocm. H$m_ AmYrM _mJo nSco hmoVo. `md$Z
Xwg`m {Xder lr_hmamO Anm _mo{ha|Zm ânya ~mocco. Anm Vm|S>mda H$mhr ~mocco ZmhrV. naVw
_ZmVyZ Iyn amJmdco Am{U lr_hmamOmZm Z gmJVmM {ZKyZ Joco. XmoZ {Xdg _{XamH$S>o {\$aH$coM
ZmhrV. _m {Vg`m {Xder `mMo _Z `mZm ImD$ cmJco Am{U gdm gn`mda _mVoH$S>o Ymd
KoUm`m _wcmgmaIo Anm naV lr_hmamOmZm ôQ>m`cm gm`H$mir _{XamV Amco. lr_hmamOmZr
cm~yZM AnmZm òVmZm nmhZ _moR>mZo {dMmaco, ""H$m` Anm, MH$rdmXi Joc H$m` ?'' Anm`m
_ZmVrc amJ H$moR>`m H$moR>o CSy>Z Jocm. `m {Xder amr`m OodUmcm `mZr Anm Am{U Vmo gwVmaèdV _or `m XmoKmZmhr o_mZo R>odyZ KoVco. `m AmnwcH$s_wio AnmZm AJXr ^$Z Amco. MwH$Um`m
_mUgmcm `m`m MwH$sMr OmUrd H$R>moanUo H$$Z XoD$Z ZVa nwhm _moH$`m _ZmZo `mcm Odi
H$a`m`m lr_hmamOm`m d^mdm_wio lr_hmamOm^modVr hOmamo _mUgo Jmoim Pmcr.
lr.e{eH$mV gwVma `mZm ^m{dV H$$Z Jocm Vmo lr_hmamOmMm gH$Q>mer I~ranUo PwO Xo`mMm
d^md ! {damoYH$m`m CnX>`mnm_wio AZoH$ gH$Q>o dmXimgmaIr EH$m_mJyZ EH$ W_mZ KmcyZ Jocr;
naVw lr_hmamO S>J_JyZ Joco ZmhrV. `mVhr {deof hm H$s `mZr gH$Q>mcm EH$Q>mZo Vm|S> {Xco.
gH$Q>mVgwm `mZm Xwg`mH$Sy>Z gmhm`mMr Anojm Zgo. lr.dgVXmXm nmQ>rc EH$Xm nw`mcm Amco
AgVmZm `mZr lr_hmamOm`m XeZmcm Om`mMr BN>m `$ Ho$cr. `m doir Vo _hmam>mMo _w`_r
hmoVo. nw`mVrc WmZm{df`r H$mhr ImoS>gmi ~mV`m `m doir dV_mZnmVyZ Am`m hmo`m. {edm`
nwUo _hmnm{cHo$Zo _{XamVrc g^m_S>n AZ{YH$V ~mYH$m_ R>adyZ Vmo nmS>`mMm Aèdr CnX>`mn
H$$Z nm{hcm hmoVm. {hVey`m AZoH$ H$madm`m Mmcy hmo`m, OoUoH$$Z emgZ Xa~mar Am{U OZVoV
nw`mVrc WmZm{df`r Ho$di Jag_O ngaoc. `m nm^y_rda lr.dgVXmXm`m gmJmamZr `mZm
_{XamV Z Om`mMm gm {Xcm hmoVm. naVw lr.dgVXmXmMr lr_hmamOmda \$ma lm hmoVr. Vo
JmOmdmOm Z H$aVm, _moO`mM _S>itg_doV lr_hmamOmZm ôQ>m`cm Amco. `m ôQ>r`m doir
lr_hmamO `m`m {d Mmcco`m ~XZm_r _mo{h_og~Yr XmXmer H$mhr ~mocVrc Aer gdmMr
AQ>H$i hmoVr. naVw lr_hmamO `mg~Yr gnyU ôQ>rV Admjahr ~mocco ZmhrV. CcQ> XmXmZrM
_hmam> am`m`m {dH$mgmgmR>r ~i mdo Aer lr_hmamOmZm mWZm Ho$cr.
amOH$maUmVrc AZoH$ e{$emcr `$ser lr_hmamOmMo AJXr {ZH$Q>Mo {Ohm`mMo g~Y
hmoVo. `m `$s EdT>m ^mdemcr hmo`m H$s lr_hmamOmZm mg XoUmao `mMo {damoYH$ `m VwcZoV
210 && MV`gy` &&
AJXrM H$:nXmW hmoVo. naVw Varhr lr_hmamOmZr `m Wm{ZH$ ^waQ>mMm ~Xmo~V H$a`mgmR>r
Amn`m AmoiItMm H$Yrhr dmna Ho$cm Zmhr. 1980 Vo 1985 `m Xa`mZ S>oadU òWo AJa nwUo
òWo {damoYH$mZr hXmog KmVcm hmoVm. `m doir lr_hmamO _m XoenmVirda H$mhrVar `mnH$
d$nmV ~Xc hmdoV, T>mgiVr g_mO`dWm H$moUrVar g_W hmVmZo gmdamdr, XoemMr dmQ>Mmc
Cdc ^{d`mH$S>o hmdr `mgmR>r `Zerc hmoVo. doJdoJ`m doir, doJdoJ`m {R>H$mUr KS>co`m
H$mhr gJmVyZ `m `ZmMo WmoS>o {M Cô amhVo.
gZ 1981`m _mM _{h`mV lr_hmamO "lr AmZX_`r _m' `m`m ôQ>rgmR>r dXmdZcm `m`m
Aml_mV Joco hmoVo. lr_hmamOmgmo~V lr.dmcmdcH$a gmho~, lr.~mUmdcr Am{U lr.d._.{Q>Ho$H$a
AmXr ^$_S>ir hmoVr. Aml_mV nmohmoMVmM lr _mZr VH$mi lr_hmamOmZm ôQ>rcm ~mocmdco.
_mMo _wI {e` ^mH$amZX g_mZnydH$ lr_hmamOmZm "_m'H$S>o KoD$Z Joco. AZoH$ VhoMr \w$co,
\$io, {_R>mB, nmT>`m ew^ aoe_r gmS>m, CH$> aoe_r emcr lr_hmamOmZr _mZm ôQ>rXmIc XoD$Z
`mMm gH$ma Ho$cm. lr_hmamOmZr EH$ g\$aMX "AmnHo$ {cò' Ago hUyZ AmXanydH$ `m`m hmVr
{Xco. _mZrXoIrc Vo dV:Odi R>odyZ Amn`m go{dH$mZm "ho _r ZVa ImBZ, `mcm hmV cmdy ZH$m'
Ago gm{JVco. VòV A{Ve` jrU Pmcr AgVmZmhr go{dH$m`m AmYmao hiyhiy Cô amhZ `mZr
lr_hmamOmMo dmJV Ho$co Am{U `mZrhr lr_hmamOmMr CH$> g^mdZm Ho$cr.
H$mhr H$mi {Z:eX Jocm. _J lr_hmamO lr_mZm CoeyZ hUmco, ""AmnU gmjmV "H$mcr_mVm'
AmhmV. AmnU gd ^$Z am{hco`m AmhmV. Cma gdmMmM hm`cm hdm. Y_WmnZm H$aUo
Amho. `m qhXwWmZmV XoemgmR>r AmnUm gdmZm naVnaV O_ `mdm cmJoc. Var `mH$[aVm Amhr
V`ma AmhmoV !'' `m H$mhrem JyT> dmVmcmnmZVa lr_hmamO nwT>o hUmco, ""lrgX>Jw$ ~m~mMm {Zamon
_mZr B{XamOtZm gm{JVcm nm{hOo.'' lr_Vr B{Xam JmYr `m doir AmUr~mUrZVa`m _mZhmZrH$maH$
nam^dmZVa nwhm _moR>m {X_mImZo OZVoMm {dmg gnmXyZ nVYmZnXmda Am$T> Pm`m hmo`m.
_m hUm`m, ""B{XamOr H$mhr _m`m "{e`m' ZmhrV'' lr_hmamO hUmco, ""{e`m ZmhrV !'' naVw
AmnU Va B{XamOtZm Amn`m J`mVrc _mi {Xcr Amho.'' _m hUm`m, ""_mi {Xcr ho Iao,
naVw Vr B{XamOr _m`m "^$' AmhoV hUyZ.'' `mda lr_hmamO {ZjyZ hUmco, ""VwhrM _m`m
gX>Jw$Mm {Zamon B{XamOtZm gm{JVcm nm{hOo.'' _m H$mhr doi EH$mJVoZo lr_hmamOmH$S>o _yH$nUo >r
amoIyZ nmhmV am{h`m Am{U ZVa H$mhr A{YH$ Z ~mocVm `mZr ^mH$amZXmZm B{XamOt`m ôQ>rMr
`dWm H$a`mg gm{JVco. gX>Jw$Mm {Zamon H$m` hmoVm `m {df`r lr_hmamOhr CKS>nUo H$mhr
~mocco ZmhrV Am{U _mZrhr `m~c H$mhr {dMmaco Zmhr.
òWo AmYrMr EH$ AmR>dU gmJUo AVwV hmoUma Zmhr. 1977 gmc`m {ZdS>UwH$sV H$mJogMm
Cma ^maVmV XmU nam^d Pmcm Am{U gmm hmVyZ Jocr. `m PPmdmVmV Iw B{XamOr nw gO`gh
AZw^d Ho$di.. / 211
nam^yV Pm`m. nw`mcm _{XamV lr.AemoH$amd Omoer CgwH$VoZo ao{S>Amoda ~mV`m EoH$V hmoVo.
B{XamOtMm nam^d Pm`mMo EoHy$Z Vo MQ>H$Z hUmco H$s "~mB AmVm Jm_nMm`VrVgwm {ZdSy>Z òUma
ZmhrV.' `mda lr_hmamO `m doir `mZm AS>dyZ hUmco hmoVo H$s B{XamOr nwhm VrZ-Mma dfmVM
gmoda òVrc Am{U hr ~mV_r VyM _cm Xoerc ! `m_mUo 1980 gmcr B{XamOr nwhm eWuMr PwO
XoD$Z nVYmZ Pm`m.
_mM 1981 _Yrc _m`m ôQ>rZVa nS>m_mJo H$mhr hmcMmcr Pm`m Agm`mV. `mMm n[aUm_
hUyZ W_ B{XamOtZm nw`m`m _{XamV AmU`mgmR>r `Z gw$ hmoVo. _m amOH$maUm`m {>H$moZmVyZ
Vo JagmoBMo hmoBc hUyZ lr_hmamOmZrM {Xrcm Omdo Ago R>aco. `m_mUo lr_hmamO gmo~V
lr.dmcmdcH$agmho~, lr.~mOramd {Q>Ho$H$a Am{U ImgXma lr.qZ~miH$a `mZm KoD$Z nyd{Z`mo{OV
doir B{XamOtZm `m`m H$m`mc`mV ôQ>co. XmoKm_ò VH$mcrZ amOH$s` pWVrda ~mocUo Pmco.
`m doir lr_hmamOmZr B{XamOtZm gm{JVco H$s nwT>rc {H$_mZ nMdrg df} AmUr~mUr dm Vg_
H$m`Xm H$$Z gdm{YH$ma Amn`m hmVr `m. nwT>rc nMdrg df} {ZdS>UHw $m ZH$moV. Ho$di Benevolent
Dictatorship (gmH$mar, X`miy hHy$_emhr) Agmdr. XoemMo gmV {d^mJ nmSy>Z {Xr gaH$maZo
Amnco {V{ZYr Zo_yZ XoemMm H$ma^ma H$amdm. lr_Vr JmYr hUm`m H$s, `mnydu AmUco`m
AmUr~mUrMo n[aUm_ _r AOyZ ^moJV Amho. cmoH$mZm AmUr~mUr AmUcocr AmdS>Uma Zmhr. lr_hmamO
hUmco, ""Am{Xe$s Am{U _mPo gX>Jw$ lr~m~m _hmamO `m`mH$Sy>Z Amcocm gXoe nmohmoMd`mMo
H$m_ _r Ho$co. Vwhr Vmo _mZm AJa Z _mZm. _r _mPo H$m_ Ho$co Amho. _m `m AmXoemMr H$m`dmhr
AmnU H$aUma Agmc Va _r Vw_`m nmR>rer C^m Amho. Vwhmcm H$mhr ^rVr Zmhr.''
B{XamOr hUm`m, ""AmnU nwhm ôQy> `m. _r AmnUmcm {VH$sQ> nmR>drZ.'' lr_hmamO hUmco,
""_mPo gX>Jw$ gmJVrc VohmM AmVm _r naV òBZ.'' ""~a, _J _rM nw`mcm òBZ,'' Ag `m
hUm`m Am{U `mZr lr_hmamOmZm {Zamon {Xcm.
1982-83 _ò B{XamOr nw`mcm lr_hmamOmZm ôQ>m`cm òUma hmo`m. naVw VoWo amOH$maUr
AmS>do Amco Am{U Vr ôQ> a Pmcr. 1983 gmcr B{XamOtZr lr_hmamOmZm {Xrcm ôQ>rgmR>r
~mocmdco hmoVo; naVw "AmVm \$ma Cera Pmcm Amho. AmVm ôQy>Z Cn`moJ Zmhr' Ago gmJyZ lr_hmamOmZr
Vr ôQ> Q>micr.
lr.MH$mV Jmogm{c`m ho {X. 20 AmQ>mo~a 1984 amoOr lr_hmamOmMm, Xoem`m {hVmMm Agm,
EH$ gXoe KoD$Z B{XamOt`m ôQ>rcm Joco hmoVo. `m {Xder B{XamOtZr {X. 7 Zmoh|~a 1984 amoOr
lr_hmamOm`m XeZmcm ò`mMr BN>m `$ Ho$cr. lr_hmamOmMo H$mZr ho KmcVmM Vo {InUo
hUmco, ""Vr òUo e` Zmhr. Vwhr {chZ R>odm. {VZo AmmmM `m`cm hdo hmoVo.'' lr.Jmogm{c`m
hUmco, ""AmnU Z$s òVmo Ago `m hUm`m AmhoV.'' `mda lr_hmamO hUmco, ""_r gm{JVcocr
212 && MV`gy` &&
Jmo> cjmV R>do m. {VMo òUo KS>Uma Zmhr.'' `mZVa {X. 31.10.1984 amoOr B{XamOt`m gwajmajH$mZoM
`mMr {ZKU h`m Ho$cr. Jo`m nMdrg dfmV XoemVrc amOH$maUmV Pmco`m CcWm-nmcWr Am{U
{ZdS>UwH$s`m cmoH$emhr _m`_mVyZ amOamog _mJmZo amOH$maUmMo Pmcoco JwhoJmarH$aU nm{hco H$s
_hmamO EdT>r YS>nS> H$m H$arV hmoVo ho cjmV òVo.
am>r` d`godH$ gKmMo gagKMmcH$ lr.JmoidcH$a JwOr EH$Xm nw`mcm lr_hmamOmZm ôQ>m`cm
lr~m~m`m _{XamV Amco hmoVo. JwOr ho Xodr CnmgH$ hmoVo. ho WmZ nmhZ Am{U lr_hmamOm`m
ôQ>rZo Vo EdT>o ^m{dV Pmco H$s Xa _{h`mcm AmnUmcm gmX d qnOa nmR>dmdr Aer `mZr
{dZVr Ho$cr. JwOr Zoh_r Xm`mda AgV. `m_wio Amncm Xm`mMm H$m`H$_ H$idyZ gmX Hw$R>o
nmR>dm`Mm Vo Xadoir H$idrV AgV. 1972 _ò `mZm H$ga`m CnMmamgmR>r _w~B`m Q>mQ>m
Umc`mV XmIc H$a`mV Amco hmoVo. `m doir lr_hmamO lr.dmcmdcH$agmho~mZm ~amo~a KoD$Z
`mZm ôQy>Z Amco. `mZr 1972 gmcr Xoh R>odrn`V OdiOdi Xhm df} _{XamVyZ `mZm gmX
Am{U qnOa nmR>{dcr OmV hmoVr.
am>r` d`godH$ gKmMo lr.ZmZm nmcH$a Am{U lr.{edam` VocJ `mZmhr lr_hmamOm`m
o_mMm AZw^d Amcm. 1957 gmc`m _mM-E{c _ò am.d.gKmMr EH$ g^m ZmZm MmH$mV
emr hmc_ò Ko`mV òUma hmoVr. `m Xmohr Zo`mZr lr_hmamOmZm {Z_U XoD$Z Iyn AmJhmZo
gôcm CnpWV amhm`mMr Ji KmVcr hmoVr. gô`m {Xder g^m gw$ hmoVmhmoVm lr_hmamO
g^mWmZr òD$Z `mgnrR>mg_moarc amJoV ~gco. g^m gw$ Pm`m_wio VocJ qH$dm nmcH$a
`mgnrR>md$Z Imcr CV$ eH$co ZmhrV; naVw `mZr VoWyZM lr_hmamOmZm Z_H$ma Ho$cm.
g^m gnVmM XmoKohr cJoM lr_hmamOmZm ôQ>`mgmR>r cJ~JrZo Imcr CVaco; naVw JXuV lr_hmamO
`mZm H$moR>o {XgcoM ZmhrV. hUyZ eodQ>r gôVyZ _moH$io Pm`mda lr_hmamOmMr ôQ> Ko`mgmR>r
Vmc_H$sdmS>r_Yrc lr.nmS>waJ amd _a~ir `m`m Kar XmoKho r nmohmoMco. VoWo `mZm Am`mMm Y$mM
~gcm. nmS>waJ amd hUmco, ""lr_hmamO _w~ Bcm AmcocM
o ZmhrV. Vo Ammm nw`mcmM AmhoV.'' `m
XmoKmMm {dmgM ~goZm ! _m AIoa MmH$erAVr lr_hmamO nw`mcmM AmhoV ho `mZm nQ>co Am{U _J
^$m`m o_mImVa Aer crcm H$aUm`m lr_hmamOm~c AVrd o_mZo `mMo Ca ^$Z Amco.
lr_hmamOmH$S>o Amn`m g_`m KoD$Z AZoH$ H$maMr _mUgo òV AgV. H$mhr OU Amn`m
d`{$H$ mn{MH$ AS>MUr KoD$Z òV, Va H$mhr OUmZm gm_m{OH$ jomV dmdaVmZm AS>MUr Amco`m
AgV Am{U Vo _hmamOmMm gm Ko`mgmR>r _moR>m {dmgmZo òV AgV. amOH$s` jomV H$m_ H$aUmar
ZoVo _S>ir Am{U CMnXW gaH$mar A{YH$mar AZoH$ doim AmdOyZ lr_hmamOmZm ôQ>m`cm òV AgV.
hr h{H$H$V nmg-gmR> dfmnyduMr Amho. `m doir _w~Bcm nmUrnwadR>m H$a`mgmR>r dVaUm
VcmdmMo H$m_ gw$ hmoVo. _m `m H$m_mV gVV H$mhr Zm H$mhr AS>MUr òV hmo`m. Vohm _w~B
AZw^d Ho$di.. / 213
_hmnm{cHo$Mo {gQ>r B{O{ZAa lr._moS>H$gmho~ ho lr_hmamOmZm ôQ>m`cm Amco Am{U `mZr lr_hmamOmZm
dVaUoMo H$m_ gwairVnUo H$go nma nS>oc `m {df`r _mJXeZ H$a`mMr {dZVr Ho$cr. Vohm lr_hmamOmZr
`mZm gm{JVco H$s A$cH$moQ> dm_tMo EH$ _moR>o Vc{M V`ma H$$Z dVaUoH$mR>r cmdm. ho {M
H$moUmH$Sy>Z H$$Z `mdo Ago _moS>H$ `mZr {dMmaco; Vohm lr_hmamO `mZm VgoM lr._a~ir `mZm
KoD$Z _a~itMo EH$ n[a{MV lr.MeoIa AZV ZmS>H$Uu `m`mH$S>o Amco.
lr.ZmS>H$Uu ho _a~ir `mMo Q>oQ> ~H$ Am\$ B{S>`m_Yrc ghH$mar, _a~ir amhmV `m
Vmc_H$sdmS>rOdiM JQ> amoS>cm amhmV AgV. ZmS>H$Uu `mZm {MH$cm Am{U \$moQ>moJm\$s `m Xmohr
H$cm MmJ`m AdJV hmo`m. _m `m `mZr N>X hUyZM Omonmg`m hmo`m. Vo d^mdmZo {_V^mfr,
emV, WmoS>o gH$moMr hmoVo. `m_wio {MH$ma hUyZ `mMm JmOmdmOm Pmcocm ZhVm. _m `mZr
H$mT>coco lrEH$ZmW _hmamOmMo EH$ Vc{M lr_hmamOmZr nm{hco hmoVo. lrEH$ZmW _hmamOm`m
_VH$mda ZmJ \$Um Y$Z C^m Amho Ago Vo {M lr_hmamOmZm A{Ve` AmdS>co hmoVo. ZmS>H$Uu ho
lmiy, Am`mp_H$ dmrMo JhW Ag`m_wio `m {Mm_ò Amd`H$ Vmo gmpdH$ ^md A{Ve`
MmJ`m [aVrZo `$ Pmcm hmoVm. VmS>Xod, _w~B òWrb lr.JUnVamd ZmBH$ `m`m Kar lrdm_r
g_Wm`m {V_oMr WmnZm lr_hmamOm`m hVo Pm`mMr h{H$H$V gmV`m H$aUmV Ambr Amho.
Vr {V_mhr lr.MeoIa ZmS>H$Ur `mZrM Ho$br hmoVr. `m_wioM lr_hmamO _moS>H$ `mZm KoD$Z
ZmS>H$Uu `m`mH$S>o Amco Am{U _moS>H$mMm n[aM` H$$Z XoD$Z lr_hmamOmZr lrA$cH$moQ> dm_tMo
{M V`ma H$$Z Xo`m{df`r `mZm {dZVr Ho$cr.
Amn`m gH$moMr d^mdmcm AZwg$Z ZmS>H$Uu ho A{Ve` _hdmMo H$m_ hmVr Ko`mg H$m-Hy$
H$$ cmJco. EImm Zm_dVmcm ho H$m_ mdo, {edm` dm_t`m {df`r AmnUmg \$maer _m{hVr
Zmhr, dJao g~~r `mZr nwTo Ho$`m. Vohm lr_hmamO `mZm hUmco, "AmmmM H$mhr Vwhr Zmhr hUy
ZH$m. VrZ {XdgmZr Amhr nwhm òD$. Vohm {dMma H$$Z H$m` Vo gmJm. _m VwhmcmM ho H$m_
MmJco O_oc Agm _mPm {dmg Amho.'
Xwg`mM {Xder Cmaamr `mZm dZmV EH$ >mV Pmcm. PmonoVyZ OmJo hmoD$Z `mZr Amn`m
nZrcm Am{U Amnco {MaOrd lr.{d>c `mZm CR>dyZ A{Ve` Cmo{OV damV gm{JVco H$s, lrdm_tZr
dZmV XeZ XoD$Z H$m`m am_m`m _{XamV XeZmcm Om`mMr Amkm Ho$cr Amho. lr.{d>c
ZmS>H$Uu ho {MH$ma MeoIa `mMo {MaOrd g`m _w~Bcm "BH$mZm{_H$ Q>mBg'_ò d[a> gmhm`H$
gnmXH$ `m nXmda H$m_ nmhmV AmhoV. Vo gmJVmV H$s `m amr Amnco dS>rc `m >mVmZo A{Ve`
^mdZmde Pmco hmoVo, Cmo{OV damV, _moR>_moR>mZo Vo AmBcm Vmo gJ dUZ H$$Z gmJV hmoVo.
Xwg`m {Xder MeoIa ZmS>H$Uu H$m`m am_m`m _{XamV Joco. VoWo _{XamV EH$m q^Vrda gnyU
q^Vâ H$U-Ydc aJmV H$mT>cocr N>m`m{Mo cmdcocr hmoVr. `mVM lrdm_tMohr EH$ A{Ve`
214 && MV`gy` &&
gwXa N>m`m{M hmoVo. Vo nmhZ ZmS>H$Uu `mZr \y$Vu KoD$Z Vc{M H$a`mMo R>adco.
cS>ZhZ Am`mV Ho$co`m CH$> Am{Q>Q> H$Zhmgda ^mar qH$_VrMo aJ dmn$Z ZmS>H$Uu `mZr
lrdm_tMr A{Ve` gwXa Aer {V_m V`ma Ho$cr. Vr ~opOA_ cmg Am{U ~_m {Q>H$dyS> dmn$Z
~Z{dco`m MmH$Q>rV ~g{d`mV Amcr Am{U Vo {M dVaUmH$mR>r WmnZ H$a`mV Amco. lr.b_U
am_M \$S>Ho$ D$\$ dm_r A_cmZX `m g_ma^m{df`r {X. 2.5.1954 `m nmV lr_hmamOmZm
{c{hVmV, ""....lrdm_tMr _moR>r {V_m dVUm hmb_ò ZmZmgmmo _moS>H$ `mZr {X. 1 bm ~g{dbr.
Amnbr gdmZr òUma hUyZ H$nZon{cH$S>o dmQ> nm{hbr....'' `WmdH$me dVaUm VcmdmMo H$m_
gwairVnUo nyU Pmco. Vmo Vcmd AmVm "_moS>H$gmJa' `m ZmdmZo AmoiIcm OmVmo. Vo Vc{M AmOhr
VoWo nmhmd`mg {_iVo.
lr.ZmS>H$Uu `mZr _moS>H$gmho~mgmR>r {M V`ma H$$Z {Xco hr ~mV_r EhmZm MmiH$ar eoOm`mZm
g_Ocr hmoVr. Vo gmao OU ZmS>H$UvZm AmJh H$$ cmJco H$s _moS>H$mH$Sy>Z MmirgmR>r XmoZ ZimMr
H$Zoeg _mJyZ `m; naVw ZmS>H$UvZm Vo eV dmQ>V ZhVo. AmJh \$maM hmoD$ cmJcm, Vohm EH$
{Xdg `mZr AO Q>mBnhr Ho$cm, nU cJoM \$mSy>Z Q>mH$cm. EH$ OwZr H$Wm Amho H$s, EH$ amOm EH$Xm
amr ZJamVyZ {\$aV hmoVm. WS>rZo Hw$S>Hw$S>Um`m EH$m Jar~ _mUgmcm nmhZ `mcm X`m Amcr Am{U
Vmo hUmcm, "Vwcm H$m` nm{hOo Vo _mJ.' Vohm Vmo Jar~ _mUyg hUmcm, "_hmamO, _cm \$ma WS>r
dmOV Amho Vohm EH$ Km|JS>r m.' MmiH$`mMr _mJUr VerM hmoVr; naVw lr.ZmS>H$Uvgma`m
Am`mp_H$ _Zmodmr`m _mUgmcm Aem jw Jmo>t_ò {~cHy$c ag ZhVm. `mZr \$$ gm{h`mMr
qH$_V hUyZ IM Pmcoco gmS>oVrZeo nò VodT>oM KoVco. {Mm`m {Z{_mmZo {_imcoco lr_hmamOmMo
o_ Am{U {dmg ZmS>H$Uv`m >rZo A_y` hmoVo.
`m ZVa ZmS>H$UvZr lr_hmamOmMo AZoH$ \$moQ>mo H$mT>co. `mMo nmoQ>oQ>hr H$mT>co hmoVo. 19571958 `m gw_mamg ZmS>H$Uu `m`m ~YyZr _wcwS>cm Mma AmUo Mmag dma `m XamZo gw_mao 8 EH$a
O_rZ IaoXr H$$Z EH$ gmogm`Q>r WmnZ Ho$cr hmoVr. `mZr lr.MeoIa ZmS>H$Uu `mZmhr g^mgX
hmo`mgmR>r ~mocmdco; naVw `mMm R>m_ {ZU` hmoV ZhVm. `m doir EH$Xm lr_hmamO `m`mH$S>o
Amco AgVm ZmS>H$UvZm hUmco, "hm VwPm ~Jcm Z$s hmoUma Am{U nm`mMr gmo` Va Aer hmoBc
H$s A`m _w~Bcm nmUr {_imco Zmhr Var Vwcm _m Zoh_rM nmUr {_iV amhrc.'
`m doir {d>c ZmS>H$Uu gmV-AmR> dfmMo hmoVo. _hmamOmMo A{Ve` cmS>Ho$ hmoVo. Zoh_r
lr_hmamOmer _moH$ionUmZo ~mocm`Mo. _moR>r _mUgo _hmamOmg_moa X~yZ dmJm`Mr, gmdYnUo ~mocm`Mr;
naVw {d>c ZmS>H$Uu ~mcgwc^ {ZamJgVoZo ~oYS>H$nUo _hmamOmer ~mocm`Mo. `m doirhr Vo nQ>H$Z
hUmco, "N>o, _wcwS>cm `m OJcmV H$moU OmUma ? òWo _mPo E|er {_ AmhoV. `mZm gmoSy>Z _r {VH$S>o
_wirM OmUma Zmhr.' lr_hmamO `m doir R>mgyZ hUmco, "Aao, VyM Zmhr, Va VwPm ~mnXoIrc
AZw^d Ho$di.. / 215
OmBc !' Am{U gmV _Ocr hm`mMm JS>JS>mQ> H$$Z ZVa `mZr {gJaoQ>Mm OmoaXma PwaH$m _macm.
{gJaoQ>`m gmoS>co`m YwamVyZ amoIyZ {_pH$cnUo nmhmUmao lr_hmamO AOyZ {d>c ZmS>H$UvZm
n>nUo AmR>dVmV. nwT>o ZmS>H$UvMm ~Jcm V`ma Pmcm. gd OU VoWo amhm`cm Joco. H$mhr {XdgmVM
`m`m cjmV Amco H$s, IamoIaM AmOy~mOy`m ~J`mV Oohm nmUr òV Zmhr, Vohmhr ZmS>H$Uv`m
~J`mV _m Zimcm nmUr òV Ago. `m doir gdmZm lr_hmamOmMo eX AmR>dco. 3-4 dfm_mJo
XwVrMo H$m_ Mmcy AgVmZm Ago cjmV Amco H$s, ZmS>H$UvZm {_imcoco ZimMo H$ZoeZ EH$m
_moR>m Ocdm{hZrd$Z {Xcoco Amho. `m gmR>r H$moUr H$mhr _wm_ n`Z Ho$co ZhVo. ho KS>co Vo Ho$di
_hmamOm`m AmerdmXm_wio ! ZmS>H$Uu Hw$Qw>~r` Ago _mZVmV H$s ho Ka lr_hmamOmMoM Amho Am{U
AmnU VoWo `m`m H$nmN>mImcr amhmVmo Am{U hUyZM Kam`m H$moU`mhr H$m_mcm gwdmV H$aVmZm
W_ lr_hmamOmZm _aUnydH$ Zmai R>odyZM _J H$m_mcm ma^ H$aVmV. _`Var KamMm {dVma
H$$Z H$mhr ^mJ Z`mZo ~mYcm. `m doir {d>c ZmS>H$Uu nw`mcm Amco Am{U H$m_mMo ZH$meo
_hmamOmnwT>o R>odyZ `mZr lr_hmamOmMm AmerdmX _m{JVcm. lr_hmamOmZr AmZXmZo ZH$memcm ne
H$$Z AmerdmX {Xcm.
{d>c ZmS>H$Uu ho chmZnUmnmgyZ WmoS>o hS> d^mdmMo hmoV.o KamVrc ~mH$s gd _S>ir CM^y dJmV
_moS>Umar. g_mOmV dmdaVmZm Amn`m {V_ocm OnUmar, dmJUwH$sMo {e>g_ V {Z`_ nmiUmar, emV
dmrMr, Va {d>c ZmS>H$Uu ho AmH$_H$, CJ H$Vr, gXd R>me
o mg R>mgo m Xo`mg gm. "_r `m doir
WmoS>m hJ~ mS>M hmoVmo' Aem eXmVM {d>c ZmS>H$UvZr Amnco dUZ Ho$co; naVw lr_hmamO _m `mZm
A{Ve` o_mZo dmJdrV AgV. EH$Xm _hmamO `mZm hUmco H$s, Vy EH$ {Xdg A`m_mH$S>o dierc,
`m doir {d>c ZmS>H$Uu _ZmV`m _ZmV Iyn hgco Am{U dV:erM hUmco H$s AmnU _cm AOyZ
ZrQ> AmoiIco Zmhr; naVw nwT>o H$mhr dfmZr IamoIaM {d>c ZmS>H$Uu `mZr Hw$VyhcmnmoQ>r hQ>`moJmMm
A`mg gw$ Ho$cm Am{U nwT>o BH$mZm{_H$ Q>mBg_YyZ Am`mp_H$ {df`mda {dnwc coIZ Ho$co Am{U
H$arV AmhoV. Amncm hm dmg lr_hmamOm`m AmerdmXmMo \$i Amho Ago `mZm dmQ>V.o
aZm{JarMo h[a Xm_moXa MhmU ho AmVm d`mMr nMmhmar AmocmS>coco JhW AOyZhr CgmhmZo
lr~m~m`m _{XamV VgoM S>oadU òWrc WmZmVhr gmO`m hmoUm`m gd CgdmZm gUmg_ma^mZm
CnpWV AgVmV. H$YrH$Yr Amn`m Y_nZrcmhr KoD$Z Amcoco AgVmV. A`V gwImg_mYmZmZo
{ZdmrZVaMr H$mcH$_Um H$aUmao lr.MhmU Amn`m gwIr Am`w`mMo gmao lo` lr_hmamOmZr `m
C^`Vm`m _VH$mda Q>mH$co`m "_JcmjVmZm'Am{U {Xco`m AmerdmXmcm XoVmV !
AmOhr Vmo gJ gmJVmZm MhmUm`m Moh`mda gVm \w$cVo. aZm{Jarcm {X. 2 _mM 1953
`m {Xder lr.MhmUmMm {ddmh gmohim Pmcm. lr_hmamO `mgJr AmdOyZ CnpWV hmoVo. ho H$go
Pmco `mMrhr EH$ J_VrXma H$Wm Amho !
216 && MV`gy` &&
lr.MhmUmMo dS>rc lr.Xm_moXanV ho Amn`m _wcm`m cmMo {Z_U Xo`mgmR>r lr.XmmonV

Omoer `m`m JmoIco Zm`mdarc Q>oc[aJ`m XwH$mZmV Joco hmoVo. `m doir VoWo lr_hmamO ~gcoco
hmoVo. lr.Xm_moXanVmZm lr.XmmonVmZr S>mo`mZr IwUmdyZ lr_hmamOmZmhr {Z_U n{H$m Xo`mMo
gwM{dco. `j n[aM` Zgcm Var Xm_moXanV `mZm AmoiIV hmoVo. `mZr AmZXmZo lr_hmamOmZm
n{H$m XoD$Z Z_H$ma Ho$cm. lr_hmamOmZr n{H$m CKSy>Z dmMcr Am{U hUmco, ""c aZm{JarVM
Amho, doihr R>rH$ Amho. _r O$a òVmo.'' lr_hmamO lr.h[a MhmUm`m JmoaO _whVmda cmJco`m
cm`m doir hOa am{hco. c cmJ`mda WmoS>m doimZo dYy-da, Z_H$ma H$a`mgmR>r lr_hmamO
_S>nmV ~gco hmoVo VoWo Joco. Zmai XoD$Z, C^`Vm `m`m nm`m nS>co. lr_hmamOmZr dYy-dam`m
_VH$s AjVm Q>mHy$Z, ew^merdmX {Xco. `m AmerdmXm`m ~imdaM Amncm ggma gwImg_mYmZmMm
Pmcm Am{U AmOhr Vo AmerdmX Amn`m nmR>rer AmhoV Am{U nwT>ohr gXd amhmVrc Agm
lr.MhmUmMm R>m_ {dmg Amho. òH$m`m Am`w`mV Ago H$mhr _moOHo$ jU AgVmV H$s, Vo
gm`m Am`w`mcm doJ`m CMrda ZoD$Z R>odVmV. _mUyg Vo jU AmR>dUt`m Hw$nrV A_y` R>o`mgmaIo
OnyZ R>odVmo. lr.MhmUmZr Amn`m _VrV hm jU AgmM OnyZ R>odcm Amho.
gZ 1953 _ò {ddmh Pmcm Vohm MhmU aZm{Jarcm gaH$mar ZmoH$arV H$m`_ Pmcoco hmoVo.
_m nJma _{hZm 100 nò Am{U dm{fH$ nJmadmT> VrZ n`mMr ! ggmamV _wcm~mimMr â nSy>
cmJcr Vgo VwQ>nwOm nJmamV ^mJoZm. `m_wio ImgJr ZmoH$ar nmhmdr Ago `mZm dmQy> cmJco Am{U
nmR>monmR> Ver gYrhr MmcyZ Amcr.
dS>rc aZm{JarcmM H$m|H$U cmBZ`m AmJ~moQ> H$nZrV A{YH$mar hmoVo Am{U `mMr {Zdmr
Odi Amcr hmoVr. {Zdm hmoUm`m H$_Mm`m`m Odi`m ZmVcJmcm ZmoH$ar m`Mr Ago H$nZrMo
YmoaU hmoVo. `mcm AZwg$Z lr.h[a MhmUmZr `m H$nZrV AO Ho$cm. _w~Bcm `j _wcmIV
Pmcr Am{U 15 {XdgmV MhmUmZm aZm{Jar ~XamVM Zo_UyH$ Pm`mMo nhr {_imco. nJmahr
275 nò hUOo `m H$mim`m _mZmZo MmJcm KgKerVM hmoVm.
n hmVr òVmM lr.MhmU d{S>cmg_doV lr_hmamOmZm ôQ>m`cm {Q>iH$ AmirV Joc.o `mZr n
lr_hmamOmZm XmI{dco. lr_hmamO hUmco, ""H$m`_ gaH$mar ZmoH$ar gmoS>yZ Vy ni`m`m nmR>r_mJo
H$emcm YmdVmog ? `m H$nZrV OmV nJma {_ioc EdT>mMgmR>r Zm ?'' _J lr_hmamO WmoS>m doi
`mZW ~gco. H$mhr doimZo S>moio CKSy>Z hUmco, ""_r ZH$mo hQ>co Va Vy ZmamO hmoerc ! Vy Om.
nwT>o nmh ! _m hr H$nZr amhmUma Zmhr ho Vwcm gmJVmo.'' _m MhmUmMm H$c Zdr ZmoH$ar Ya`mH$S>M
o
Amho ho cjmV KoD$Z lr_hmamOmZr {Xcmgm {Xcm H$s, VwPr H$nZr Vy ZmoH$arV Amhog Vmon`V amhrc. naVw
ZVa _m Vr {XdmiImoarV OmBc ho Z$s.
lr.MhmU _mM 1961 _ò Z`m ZmoH$arV Oy Pmco Am{U XwXdmZo 1965 _òM Vr H$nZr ~X
AZw^d Ho$di.. / 217
nS>cr; naVw O`mMo H$noZ| ggma gmJ$ & V$Zr ncVm$ OmVr Ord && Agm gX>Jw$ nmR>ramIm
Ag`m_wio lr.MhmUmZm qg{X`m H$nZrV, _mJrc ZmoH$arMm H$mcmdYr Y$Z, cJoMM Ko`mV
Amco. VoWo d`m`m gmR>m`m dfmn`V ZmoH$ar H$$Z 1986 gmcr MhmU {Zdm Pmco Am{U cJoMM
"qg{X`m' H$nZrhr ~X nS>cr; naVw Vnwdu MhmUmZm \$S>, J`wBQ>r B`mXr nmoQ>r òUo a$_ {_imcr
hmoVr. qg{X`m H$nZrV Oy Pm`mda 1965 gmc`m lrgX>Jw$ ~m~m _hmamOm`m O`Vr Cgdmcm
MhmU Amco hmoV.o `m doir lr_hmamO `mZm hUmco, ""Pmco Zm Vw`m _ZmgmaIo ! AmVm nw`mS>ao dUcm òV Om ! Zm__aU H$a ! lr~m~m gd _ZmoaW nyU H$aVrc !''
lr_hmamOmZr {Xcocm hm "dgm' MhmUmZr Am`w`â gm^micm !
EH$Xm AgoM lr~m~m`m O`Vrcm MhmU nw`mcm Amcoco hmoVo. `m doir lr_hmamOmZr `mZm
gm{JVco H$s, Vw_`m MhmU Hw$Qw~mV EH$ "JwUmOr~m~m' ZmdmMo gnwf hmoD$Z Joco. `mMr godm H$a,
H$maU `mMoM AmerdmX Vw_`m nmR>rer AmhoV. Vw`m MwcV AmOmo~m`m Kar (H$.am_Mamd
MhmU) Xohm`mV `mMr {V_m Yyi ImV nS>cocr Amho. Vy `mMr {V_m H$$Z Ko Am{U _Zmo^mdo
nyOm H$a. ho {dg$ ZH$mog.
lr_hmamOm`m Amko_mUo MhmU gmo~V EH$ N>m`m{MH$ma KoD$Z AmJmeoH$m|S> `m Amn`m Jmdr
Joco. VoWo IamoIaM JwUmOr~m~mMo OwZo N>m`m{M hmoVo. `md$Z ZdrZ {V_m H$$Z MhmUmZr Vr
Amn`m XodKamV R>odyZ {VMr {Z`nyOm gw$ Ho$cr.
ho gd _hmamOmZm gmJ`mgmR>r MhmU _wm_ nw`mcm Amco. `mZr H$mhr ~moc`mAmYrM `mZm
nmhmVmM lr_hmamO hUmco, ""Aao MhmU ! Vw_Mo JwUmOr~m~m Vy AmUcog ! R>rH$ Ho$cog ! Vw_`m
Hw$Qw>~mMr ââmQ> hmoBc. H$gcr CUrd amhmUma Zmhr.''
lr. MhmU hUVmV, ""Oo _cm kmV ZhVo Vo gmJyZ lr_hmamOmZr _cm OmJV Ho$co. _cm _m`m
{hVmonXoem`m XmoZ Jmo>r gm{JV`m. _mPo {hV-H$`mU H$emV Amho Vo gm{JVco. Vmo R>odm _r OnyZ
R>odcm Amho.'' O_â Oncocm Vmo R>odm MhmUmZr Amn`m _wcmZmVdS>mZmhr {Xcm Amho.
nw`mMo lr.dgVamd noR>o lr~m~m _hmamOmMo A{Ve` lmiy ^$ hmoVo. Iao Va Vo lr~rS>H$a
_hmamOm`m _R>mVhr {Z`Zo_mZo XeZmcm OmV AgV. _m H$m_mda OmVmZm qH$dm A` Hw$R>o OmVmZm,
a`mVM cmJUm`m lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm`m _R>m`m nm``mOdi gm`H$c ZoD$Z nmàrda EH$
nm` R>odyZ, gm`H$cda ~g`m ~g`mM Vo lr~rS>H$a _hmamOmZm Z_H$ma H$am`Mo. EH$Xm lr~m~m
noR>mZm hUmco, ""Aao, lr~rS>H$a _hmamO hUV hmoV,o `m noR>mMo nm` _m`m S>mo `mn`V nmohmoMV
ZmhrV !'' noR>mZm EdT>m Bemam nwaogm hmoVm. nwhm Aer MyH$ H$Yr Pmcr Zmhr.
lr~m~m`m gmJ`md$Z 1948-49 gmcmnmgyZ lr.noR>o Am{U `m`m Hw$Qw>~r`mZr EH$ Jmo>
A{Ve` Zo_mZo Ho$cr Amho; Xa Jwdmar gH$mir AmR> dmOVm lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm`m _R>mV OmD$Z,
218 && MV`gy` &&
VoWo lr~rS>H$a _hmamOmZm Zdo XmIdyZ `mMm gmX lr~m~mZm AnU H$am`Mm hm Zo_ Jocr 5758 df} noR>o Hw$Qw>~r`mZr EH$hr Jwdmar IS> Z nmS>Vm Mmc{dcm Amho. `mgmR>r nydunmgyZ lr.dgVamd
qH$dm `mMo {MaOrd lr.a_oe qH$dm lr._wHw$X ho H$moR>ohr Agco Var H$moUrVar EH$mZo ~wYdmar amr
nw`mV òD$Z Jwdmar lr~m~mZm lr~rS>H$a _hmamOmMm gmX AnU H$a`mgmR>r hOa amhm`Mo ho
R>acoco Ago. lr~m~m XohYmar AgVmZm ~m~mZm AmdS>Umao nmomgmaIo ImnXmW qH$dm \$io ZdomgmR>r
Zoco OmV. naVw lr~m~m`m _hm{ZdmUmZVa _m EH$ lr\$i lr~rS>H$a _hmamO _R>mV AnU H$$Z
`mVrc EH$ dmQ>r gmX hUyZ "~m~m`m cmQ>'da hUOo lr~m~m`m _{XamV AmUyZ lr~m~mZm
AnU Ho$cr OmVo. daH$aUr A{Ve` gmYr gmonr dmQ>Umar hr Jmo> `jmV AmMam`cm A{Ve`
H$R>rU Amho. gVV 50-60 df EImXm Zo_ AIS>nUo Mmcdm`cm ~i {Z>m Am{U nyU g_nUdmr
cmJVo. noR>o Hw$Qw>~r`mZr Vr XmI{dcr Amho.
`m_wioM lr{XJ~aXmg _hmamOmZrhr noR>o Hw$Qw>~r`mda gXd Amncr H$nm>r R>odcr. 1967 `m
OmZodmar _{h`mVrc Jmo>. a_oe noR>o EH$Xm AgoM EH$m Jwdmar gmX KoD$Z _{XamV Amco hmoVo.
lr_hmamOmZr a_oeamdmMr MmH$er gw$ Ho$cr, ""H$m` H$aVmo Amhog ? H$m` Mmcc` ? {ejU H$m
ZwgVr ZmQ>H$M H$aVmo`g ?'' `mda a_oeamdmZr, "~r.E. Pmcmo`, E_.E.H$aVmo`' Ago gm{JVco.
""_J ZmoH$ar H$aUma H$m` ?'' Ago lr_hmamOmZr {dMmaco. Vohm, "emoYVmo`, AJXr nmQ> Q>mB_
{_imcr Var H$aUma Amho,' Ago a_oeamd hUmco. VodT>mV VoWo nr.E_.Q>r.Mo OZac _ZoOa
lr.XmXmgmho~ XogmB ho XeZmgmR>r Amco, `mZm lr_hmamO hUmco, ""Aao XmXm, hm a_oe noR>o ...
~m~mMm {e` Amho. ~r.E. Pmcm`, `mcm nr.E_.Q>r.V cmdyZ Ko. nwT>`m {ejUmcm _XV hmoBc.''
lr.XmXmgmho~ XogmB, ""Amkm !'' Ag hUmco Am{U 1 \o$~wdmarnmgyZ a_oe noR>o nr.E_.Q>r._ò
ZmoH$arda Oy Pmco.
a_oe noR>|Mo dSr>c~Yy lr._wHw$Xamd ho ~r.B.(_oQ>cOu)Mr narjm W_ H$_mH$mZo CmrU hmoD$Z,
AmaJm~mX òWo EH$m \$mD$S>rV OZac _ZoOa hUyZ Oy Pmco. EH$Xm Vo nw`mcm Amco AgVm
lr_hmamOm`m XeZmcm Amco hmoVo. lr_hmamOmZr AmWodmBH$nUo `mMr gd MmH$er Ho$cr, Mhm
ImUo dJao Pmco. `m doir lr._wHw$Xamd `mZr lr_hmamOmZm Amncr EH$ H$nZm gmJyZ lr_hmamOmMo
_V {dMmaco.
_wHw$Xamdm`m \$Q>ar`m AmdmamV EH$ AmXw~a dj hmoVm. `mcm nma ~mYyZ EImXo Xm _{Xa
VoWo ~mYmdo Ago _wHw$XamdmZm dmQ>V hmoVo. lr_hmamOmg_moa hr H$nZm _mS>VmM lr_hmamO jUâ
S>moio {_Qy>Z VY ~gco Am{U ZVa `mZr S>moio CKSy>Z _wHw$XamdmZm gm{JVco H$s Vy H$mhr VoWo Xm
_{Xa dJao ~mY`mMm `Z H$$ ZH$mog. H$maU AmVm Vy VoWo \$ma {Xdg amhmUma Zmhrg !''
ho EoHy$Z _wHw$Xamd Va gXM Pmco. `m H$nZrV EdT>r df} ZmoH$ar H$$Z _wHw$XamdmZr MmJbm O_
AZw^d Ho$di.. / 219
~g{dbm hmoVm Am{U `m_wio AmnU Vr ZmoH$ar gmoSy>Z XoD$ qH$dm AmnUmcm VoWyZ A` Omdo cmJoc
`mda `mMm {dmg ~goZm. _m lr_hmamOm`m >no UmMm `` ZVa H$mhr dfmVM Amcm. _wH$w XamdmZr
H$mhr dfmZr Vr H$nZr gmoS>cr. Am{WH$Q>m Aèdr hmoD$Z Vr H$nZr ~X nS>cr Am{U AmO Vr
OmJm AmogmS> nS>cr Amho.
lr.JJmYa nmQ>rc ho lr~m~mMo {e`. lr_hmamOmdagwm `mMr Anma ^$s hmoVr. `mMr H$`m
chmZnUmnmgyZM lr_hmamOm`m XeZmcm Om`Mr. `m gm.gwZrVm _mYd ~|S>o gmJVmV H$s, cmZVa
EH$Xm {Q>Q>dm`mOdirc dmqeX `m Jmdr nVrg_doV `mMo dmV` hmoVo. EH$ {Xdg Iyn Zam`
Amco Am{U XodKamV Xodmg_moa ~gyZ `m Iyn aS>`m. nwT>o XmoZ {XdgmZr `mMo dS>rb lr.JJmYa
nmQ>rc `mZm ôQ>m`cm dmqeX òWo Amco. dS>rc Ago AMmZH$ Amcoco nmhZ `mZm AmZXhr dmQ>cm
Am{U Am`hr dmQ>co. `mZr d{S>cmZm {dMmaco H$s AmnU AmO Ago AMmZH$ H$go H$m` AmcmV ?
Vohm dS>rc hUmco, ""AJ, _{XamV lr_hmamOm`m XeZmcm Jocmo hmoVmo, Vohm lr_hmamOmZr VwPr
`mcr Iwemcr {dMmacr Am{U _cm hUmco, "_wcrMo c H$$Z {Xco hUOo O~m~Xmar gncr
Ago hmoV Zmhr. AYyZ_YyZ {V`m Kar Omdo, {VMr {dMmanyg H$amdr, {Vcm H$mhr XwIcIwnc
nhmdo.' _J lr_hmamO Ago H$m hUmco AgmdoV `mMm {dMma H$aVmZm Vw`mH$S>o òD$Z Vwcm ôQ>mdo
Ago \$ma dmQ>co hUyZ _r AmO Vwcm ôQ>m`cm Amcmo.'' `mZVa gm.gwZrVmVmBZr XmoZ {Xdgmnydu
AmnUmcm H$go dmBQ> dmQ>co `mMr h{H$H$V d{S>cmZm gm{JVcr. lr_hmamOmMr Hy$_mg_ H$nm>r
Amn`m ^$mda gXd Agm`Mr Am{U `m_wioM gdmZm Vo Amn`m _mVm {n`mg_mZ dmQ>m`Mo.
gm.gwZrVmVmBMo nVr lr._mYdamd ~|S>o ho EH$Xm AmOmar hmoVo. AmfYmonMmamgmR>r `mZm
Kmogmd`m`m nmZmMr JaO hmoVr. ehamV hr nmZo Hw$Ry>Z {_iUma hUyZ gm.gwZrVmVmBZr lr_hmamOmZm
{dMmaco Va cJoM dPoH$mH$mZm gmJyZ, `mZm nmZo {_iVrc Aer `dWm Ho$cr. Aem chmZ_moR>m
H$VrVyZ Omo {Ohmim Am{U AmnconUm `$ hm`Mm; `m_wio ^$_S>ir AJXr haIyZ Om`Mr.
gm.gwZrVmVmB EH$Xm Iyn AmOmar hmo`m. amoJ{ZXmZ hmo`mgmR>r VnmgUr H$a`mMo R>aco hmoVo.
lr_hmamOmda gd H$mhr gmondyZM `m hmpnQ>c_ò Jo`m hmo`m. cmoH$c AZoWo{e`m {Xcm hmoVm
Varhr doXZm Ag Pm`m_wio `mZr ""_hmamO, AmVm _cm dmMdm !'' Aer AmV hmH$ _yH$nUoM
_macr Am{U `m jUrM ""Pmc h ~|S>o~mB !'' Agm lr_hmamOmMm AmmgH$ AmdmO `mZm EoHy$
Amcm. lr_hmamO ^$m`m gH$Q>H$mir gXd eoOmar amhZ ^$mcm Yra XoV AgVmV `mMr {MVrM
`mZm Amcr.
lr._mYdamd H$mOaoH$a ho 1987`m AmQ>mo~anmgyZ _{XamV lr_hmamOm`m godogmR>r amh
cmJco. lr_hmamOmOdi amhZ `mMr chmZ _moR>r H$m_o _mYdamd A`V ^{$^mdmZo Am{U Am_r`VoZo
H$arV AgV. AmOhr `mM g_nU ^mdZoZo _mYdamd _{XamV dmdaV AgVmV. lr_hmamOmZm Mhm
220 && MV`gy` &&
H$$Z XoUo, OodU dmT>Uo, AW$U KmcUo Aer AZoH$ H$mao Vo lr_hmamOmMr godm H$arV.
lr_hmamOmMrhr _mYdamdmda \$ma _Ou hmoVr. _mYdamdmZm Vo AZoH$ doJdoJ`m Q>monU ZmdmZr hmH$
_mam`Mo Am{U _mYdamdmZmM `mcm VnaVoZo "Amo' mdr cmJo. lr_hmamOmMm erKH$monr d^md
nmhmVm, _mYdamdmZm òH$ jUr A`V XjVoZo dmJmdo cmJo. òH$ H$Vr Am{U eX dmdJm òUma
Zmhr `m >rZo A`V gmdYnUo dmJmdo, ~mocmdo cmJo.
EH$Xm lr_hmamO AmKmoi H$$Z nMmZo AJ nwgyZ Vmo nMm AmS>dm ZogyZ Amn`m ImocrV Amco.
_mYdamdmZr Zogmd`mMm nMm `m`m hmVr {Xcm. lr_hmamOmZr Vmo ZogyZ AJ nwg`mMm nMm
_mYdamdmOdi {Xcm Am{U {dMmaco, ""AmVm H$m` H$aVmo Amhog ?'' Vohm _mYdamd hUmco, ""hm
nMm YwD$Z Q>mH$Vmo.'' lr_hmamO EH$X_ gVmnco d hUmco, ""Vy _m`m n`mcm A{O~mV hmV cmdy
ZH$mog, _mPm _r YwdrZ, YwD$Z "Q>mH$Vmo' Ago hUVmog ? hr VwPr _m`m~cMr ^mdZm ?'' Ago Iyn
~mocco. AIoarg lr._mYdamdmZr Amncr MyH$ H$~yc Ho$`mda lr_hmamO hUmco, ""H$nS>o Ywdm`cm
XoVmo hUmdo, YwdyZ Q>mH$Vmo, H$$Z Q>mH$Vmo, KoD$Z Q>mH$Vmo Ago hUyZ `m H$m_m~c AmnU \$mago
J^ra Zmhr Ago dZrV hmoVo.''
H$mhr doim Va lr_hmamO AmnUmda H$m amJmdco AmhoV `mMo H$maUM _mYdamdm`m cjmV
`m`Mo Zmhr ! EH$Xm AgoM lr_hmamO _mYdamdmda Iyn amJmdco. gVmnyZ dm$mS>Z H$$ cmJco;
naVw _mYdamdmZm Amnco H$m` MwH$co Amho VoM H$ioZm. AIoarg `mZr _ZmV`m _ZmV dm_tMr
mWZm gw$ Ho$cr. _mYdamd dm_tZm mWy cmJco, ""lrdm_r, H$m` Pmco Amho VoM _cm H$iV
Zmhr, _m AmnU _cm `m gJmVyZ dmMdm !'' Va nwT>`m jUr lr_hmamO hUmco, ""dm_tZm
{H$Vrhr gmH$S>o KmVcog Var Vo _m`mM ~mOyZo H$mc XoVrc !'' ho eX EoH$`m~amo~a lr_hmamO
hUOo Xwgao{Vgao H$moUr ZgyZ `j lrdm_r g_WM AmhoV Agm _Zm_ò dN> H$me nSy>Z
_mYdamdmZr lr_hmamOm`m nm`mda S>moHo$ R>odco Am{U ""AmnUM "lr dm_r g_W' AmhmV'' Ago
h>Q>co. _mYdamd da CRy>Z nmhmVmV Va lr_hmamO gnUo _mYdamdmH$S>o nmhZ hgV hmoVo. Vohm ho
gmao ZmQ> lr_hmamOmZr _mYdamdm`m _ZmVrc V^md Om`mgmR>r Am{U lr_hmamO hUOoM
"lr dm_r g_W' ho nQ>{d`mgmR>r KS>{dco hmoVo ho _mYdamdm`m cjmV Amco.
lr.lram_ {d>c OmoJ VWm ~miy OmoJ ho aZm{Jarcm amhmUmao EH$ hmQ>oc `mdgm{`H$ AmhoV.
Cgmhr Am{U _Z_moH$`m d^mdm`m OmoJmZm gJrVmMr AmdS> Am{U hm_m}{Z`_ dmXZmMr H$cm
AdJV Amho. lr.OmoJ `m`m ZmVodmBH$m`m_wio lr_hmamOm`m ^$ n[admamV gm_rc Pmco Am{U
lr_hmamOmZm H$sVZm`m doir noQ>rMr gmW H$$ cmJco. lr_hmamOmMr `m`mda _Ou hmoVr. EH$Xm
S>oadU òWo d`nmH$ H$a`mg H$moUr ZhVo hUyZ lr_hmamOmZr AmR> {Xdg OmoJmZm OodU H$am`cmhr
~mocmdyZ KoVco hmoVo.
AZw^d Ho$di.. / 221
`m OmoJmMo aZm{Jarcm Ow`m _miZm`mda CnmhmaJh Amho. nMdrg-Vrg dfmnydu OmJo`m

_mcH$mZo OmJm Imcr H$$Z Xo`mg \$_m{dco. Cm_ Mmccocm `dgm` AMmZH$ ~X H$amdm cmJVmo
H$s H$m` Aer n[apWVr CX>^dcr. OmoJmZr Amncr AS>MU lr_hmamOm`m H$mZr KmVcr. Vohm
lr_hmamOmZr `mZm gm{JVco H$s, Vo dV: `m`m nmR>rer I~ranUo Cô AmhoV. OmoJmnmgyZ `mMr
`dgm`mMr OmJm H$moUr H$mT>yZ KoD$ eH$Uma Zmhr Am{U `mMm `dgm` gwairV Mmcoc, `mZm
H$Yrhr M[aVmWmMr AS>MU òUma Zmhr. nwT>o ho H$aU `m`mc`mV Joco. XrKH$min`V IQ>cm
Mmcy hmoVm. OmoJmZr Zm_dV dH$sc {Xco hmoVo. A{V_ gwZmdUr`m doir Vo d{H$chr è {_i`m~c
gmeH$ hmoVo; naVw OmoJmZr `mZm gm{JVco H$s, Vwhr Vw_`m `ZmMr namH$m>m H$am. è Amn`mcmM
{_ioc H$maU _m`m gX>Jw$Mm AmerdmX _m`m nmR>rer Amho. OmoJm`m `m gmJ`m_mUo `m`m
d{H$cmZr AIoaMm `Z hUyZ gd H$mJXno MmiVmZm OmJo`m _mcH$mZo nwamdm hUyZ gmXa
Ho$co`m H$mJXnmVM wQ>r {_imcr Am{U Vr wQ>r `m`mYrem`m ZOaocm AmUyZ XoVmM, `mZr
Vm~S>Vmo~ OmoJm`m ~mOyZo {ZU` {Xbm.
`m {ZU`m`m doir {d ~mOy`m d{H$cmZo AmUIr H$mhr _wo CnpWV H$$Z {ZU` Q>mi`mMm,
{H$_mZnjr nwT>o T>H$c`mMm `Z Ho$cm. `m doir `m`_yVu EH$X_ H$moYm{d> Pmco Am{U `mZr
`m d{H$cmcm ~aoM dm$mS>Z Ho$co. ghgm `m`mYre Ago Cmo{OV hmoD$Z ~mocV ZmhrV; naVw `m
{XderMm `mMm Vmo Amdoe Am{U H$moY nmhZ lr_hmamOM H$moQ>mV {ZdmS>m XoV AmhoV AgoM OmoJ
`mZm dmQ>co. AmO lr.OmoJmMm `dgm` gwpWVrV Amho, `mMm _wcJm Vmo `dpWVnUo gm^mirV
Amho Am{U _w` hUOo OmJo`m _mcH$merhr AmVm H$moU`mhr H$maMr H$Qw>Vm {eH$ Z amhmVm,
gcmo`mMo g~Y Wm{nV Pmco AmhoV. Amnco OrdZ lr_hmamOm`m AmerdmXm_wioM H$VmW Pmco
Agm lr.OmoJ `mMm R>m_ {dmg Amho.
lr.OmoJ `mZr Amncm EH$ _mXhr VodT>mM _moH$ionUmZo gm{JVcm Amho. _`Var H$mhr Odi`m
cmoH$m`m gmJ`md$Z OmoJ lr_hmamOmH$S>o ò`mMo ~X Pmco. lr_hmamOmMm OmoJmda cmo^ hmoVm.
OmoJ lr_hmamOmH$S>o H$moUm_wio `m`Mo ~X Pmco hohr `mZm R>mD$H$ hmoVo. hUyZ EH$Xm lr.~mOramd
{Q>Ho$H$amZm `$se: JmS>r KoD$Z nmR>{dco Am{U OmoJmZm, ""_cm EH$Xm Var ôQy>Z Om, \$ma Va nwhm
òD$ ZH$mog,'' Agm {Zamon nmR>{dcm. _m OmoJmZr `m o_m`m ~mocmd`mMm Ahoa Ho$cm Am{U _J
lr_hmamOmZr Vmo {df` `m`m nVr_mUo ZVa H$Yr ~moc`mVgwm AmUcm Zmhr. _m `WmdH$me
AmnU Ho$dT>m ^`H$a _mX Ho$cm Amho ho OmoJmZm OmUdco. ggmamVrc chmZ_moR>m ASr>AS>MUt`m
doir _ZmV lr_hmamOmMrM AmR>dU OmJr hm`Mr. nydO_r`m gwH$VmZo m Pmcoco lr_hmamOmMo
H$nmN> AmnU H$aQ>onUmZo \o$Hy$Z {Xco `mMr _Zmcm gVV Q>moMUr cmJm`Mr. lr_hmamOmMo o_mMo
~mocmdUo YwS>H$mdyZ cmd`mMm CQ>nUm AmnU Ho$cm Am{U AmVm j_m`mMZm Var H$moU`m Vm|S>mZo
222 && MV`gy` &&
H$amdr Ago dmQy>Z, _{XamV nwhm OmD$Z lr_hmamOmZm ôQ>`mMohr Y` hmoBZm Am{U Z ôQ>`m_wio
_Z emV hmoBZm. lr_hmamOmZr 1989 gmcr Xoh R>odcm, Vohmhr _{XamV Om`mMo Y` Pmco Zmhr.
_m 1992-93 gmcr EH$ {Xdg AnamYmMr Q>moMUr Ag hmoD$Z _Z ~S> H$$Z CR>co Am{U OmoJ
nw`mcm lr~m~m`m _{Xam`m Xmar nyU nmmmnmZo crZ hmoD$Z Amco. `mcm VmH$m{cH$ H$maU Pmco
lr_hmamOmMo M[a ""Vy{ M ~mn, YZr !'' lr.Vm`m {^S>Z| r ho M[a H$m{eV Pm`mda OmoJmZm {Xco
hmoVo. Vo dmMVmZm OmoJ ^yVH$mimVrc lr_hmamOm`mg_doV Kmc{dco`m {Xdgm`m AmR>dUrZr
AZoH$ doim ^mamdyZ Joco, `mMo AV:H$aU dmadma ^$Z Amco Am{U dmMVmZm S>mo`mZm AlwYmam
cmJ`m Am{U Vo nw`mcm _{XamV XmIc Pmco. `m doir lrH$mH$m _hmamO _{XamMr `dWm nmh
cmJco hmoVo.
lr.OmoJmZr `m doir {Z:g{XY eXmV Amn`m MwH$sMr H$~wcr XoD$Z coIr j_m-`mMZm Ho$cr
Am{U _J `mZm _{XamV doe Xo`mV Amcm. lr.OmoJmgmR>r lr.{^S>o (Vm`m) `mZr h_rXmIc
gmjrXma hUyZ dmjar Ho$cr. lr.OmoJ lr~m~m`m _{XamV Am{U lr_hmamOm`m g_m{YWmZr
OmD$Z {dZ_ ^mdZoZo Z_H$ma H$$Z Amco. `m gJmMr AmR>dU gmJVmZm Vo hUmco H$s, lrH$mH$m
_hmamOmZr Oohm W_ _mPr "hOoar' KoVcr, Vohm lr_hmamOM lrH$mH$m`m $nmZo _mPm _yInUm
_m`m nXamV KmcrV AmhoV Ago dmQ>co. _m ZVa lrH$mH$mZr nwhm H$Yrhr EH$m eXmZo _m`m
AnamYmMm nwZma Ho$cm Zmhr. `m _mòZo `mZr _cm Odi Ho$co Vohmhr lr_hmamO lrH$mH$m`mM
$nmZo nwhm _cm cm^co AmhoV Ago dmQ>co. H$Vr`m VH$mar_wio Am{U d`mo_mZm_mUo AmVm
_{XamV òUo hmoV Zmhr; naVw Amn`mM _mXmMo AmoPo _Zmda AZoH$ df} ~miJUmao OmoJ AmVm `m
Amo`mVyZ _w$ hmoD$Z, Amn`m gX>Jw$`m qMVZmV, Zm__aUmV gwIoZd H$mcH$_U H$arV AmhoV.
""e` hmoBb Vohm nmo_|S>rbm lr_hmamOm`m O_WmZr OmVmo. AmVm _m`mgmR>r "nwUo' Am{U
"S>oadU' hr Xmohr VrW} VoWoM AmhoV,'' Ago lr.OmoJ gmJVmV.
lr._YwH$a H$mio Am{U `m`m nZr lr_Vr D${_bm H$mio `mMr lr_hmamOmda AZ` {Z>m
hmoVr. XmoKhr gerb, Ym{_H$ Am{U gXmMaUr. naVw ggmamV _m gwdmVrbm `mMo gya ZrQ> Owibo
ZmhrV Am{U gwgdmXr, AmZXr dmVmdaU am{hbo Zmhr.
D${_bm~mB Zoh_r On, Vmo nR>U, nyOm-nmR> dJao Zo_mZo H$arV AgV. EH$ {Xdg On H$arV
~g`m AgVmZm `mZm g_moarb Xohmam EH$X_ Xmobm`_mZ Pmbm Amho Am{U Ka CXm`m dmgmZo
Am{U YwamZo ^$Z Jobo Amho Ago dmQ>bo. Xohm`mV XodmEodOr EH$m VoO:nwO _mhm`mMo XeZ `mZm
OmUdbo. ho XeZ AmnU Amn`m nVrg_doV KoV AmhmoV Agohr `mZm OmUdbo. `jmV _YwH$a
H$mio `m doir `m`m H$m`mb`mV hmoVo. hm AZw^d `mZr gm`H$mir nVr Kar Am`mda `mZm
gm{JVbm, naVw Aem Jmo>tda `mMm {deof {dmg ZhVm.
AZw^d Ho$di.. / 223
nwT>o H$mhr {XdgmZr _YwH$a H$mio `mMo MwbV ~Yy ^mD$amd H$mio `m C^`VmZm lr_hmamOm`m
XeZmgmR>r _{XamV KoD$Z Ambo. `m doir mn{MH$ H$Q>H$Q>t_wio C^`VmMo _mZ{gH$ gVwbZ {~KS>bobo
hmoVo. naVw `m pWVr_òhr lr_Vr D${_bm~mBZr lr_hmamOmMo XeZ hmooVmM, AmnU Xohm`m_ò
nm{hbobr {d^yVr hrM EdT>o AmoiIbo Am{U lr_hmamOmOdi Vgo ~mobyZhr XmI{dbo. `mda
lr_hmamO p_V H$arV hUmbo, ""AmVm AmoiI nQ>bobr {XgVo` !''
_YwH$a H$mi|`m ggmamVrb AS>MUr `m`m AV {nVam_wio AmhoV Ago gmJyZ lr_hmamOmZr
{nVamZm gVw> H$a`mgmR>r H$m` {dYr H$amdoV ho `mZm gm{JVbo. lr_hmamOmZr `mZm nyOogmR>r
JwnanaoMm \$moQ>mo {Xbm Am{U CnmgZm H$a`m{df`r gm{JVbo. lr_hmamOm`m gmJ`m_mUo {dYr
Ho$`mda ggmamVrb mg H$_r Pmbm. CnmgZo_wio _Zmbmhr emVr bm^br. ZmoH$ar{Z{_mmZo "XmohX'
dJao Xyada H$moR>oVar dmV` Ago; naVw lr_hmamOmZm dmadma no {bhZ CnmgZoVrb Amn`m eH$m,
AS>MUr Vo {dMmarV Am{U lr_hmamO `mZm Cmao nmR>dyZ {dVV _mJXeZ H$arV. lr_hmamOmZr
lr.H$mio `mZm {b{hbobr AZoH$ no CnbY AmhoV.
H$mio Xmn`mbm An`mr Pmbr Zmhr; naVw lr_hmamOm`m AmkoZo EH$m _wbrbm `mZr Amn`m
_wbrgmaIr dmT>dbr Am{U {VMo `Wm`mo` nmbZ H$$Z nwT>o {VMo gw`mo` {R>H$mUr b bmdyZ {Xbo. ho
bhr lr_hmamOm`m _mJXeZmZoM Pmbo. H$`mXmZmMo nw` _moR>o Amho. Vo AmnUmbm Ho$di
lr_hmamOm_wioM bm^bo Ago lr_Vr H$mio gmJVmV. XmoKhr _wbrgh AZoH$ doim _{XamV XeZmbm
òV AgV. Jwnm{U_m Am{U lr~m~mMr O`Vr `m XmoZ CgdmZm 1964 Vo 84 gmbmn`V {Vdfu
AJXr Z MwH$Vm òV AgV. EH$Xm _{XamV AmaVr Mmby hmoVr. `m doir D${_cm~mBZm ""H$m` hd`
Vwbm ?'' Ago {dMma`mMm ^mg Pmbm. `m doir `mZr ""VwhrM Oo `mo` Agob Vo _bm m,'' Ago
hQ>bo. `m doir lr~m~m`m g_mYrda gmoZMm`mMr \w$bo dm{hbobr hmoVr. `mVrb XmoZ \w$bo ngmX
hUyZ AmnUmbm {_imdrV Ago `mZm dmQ>bo. AmaVr Pm`mda lr_hmamOmZr `mVrb Am|Oiâ
\w$bo CMbbr Am{U nòH$mbm EH$EH$ \y$b {Xbo. Am` hUOo D${_cm~mB`m hmVmda lr_hmamOmZr
XmoZ \w$bo R>odbr !
lr._YwH$aamd `mZm lr_hmamOmZr JS>oa òWyZ AmUbobr gm~`w$ nmXwH$m {Xbr hmoVr. `m`m
OmoS>rMr Xwgar _r Vw_`m nZrbm ZVa XoBZ Ago `mZr gm{JVbo hmoVo. D${_cm~mB `mZm EH$ {dUwnX
`mnydu gmnS>bobo hmoVo. Vo {dUwnX d lr_hmamOmZr {Xbobr nmXwH$m Aer OmoS>r `mZr Xohm`mV
{Z`nyOobm R>odbr hmoVr.
_YwH$aamd `mMo {ZYZ Pm`mda D${_cm~mB C~aJmd òWo EH$Q>mM {Xdg H$R>rV hmo`m. _Zmbm
AmYma \$$ lrgXJw$`m Zm__aUmMm. EH$ {Xdg AJUmVrb VwierOdi EH$ nmXwH$mge
nmfmU `mZm {_imbm. `m`m H$mZmV AmdmO Ambm, ""_r nmXwH$m XoBZ hUmbmo hmoVmo Zm ? hrM
224 && MV`gy` &&
Vr !'' naVw EH$mH$s Am`w`m_wio Am{U n[apWVr_wio _Z CXmg Pmbobo hmoVo. AmhoV VoM Xod
gm^miUo ^{d`mV Ponob H$s Zmhr Aer pWVr Amho. `mV AmUIr hr nmXwH$m AmUyZ â H$embm
Kmbm`Mr Agm {dMma H$$Z `mZr Vmo nmfmU Q>mHy$Z {Xbm.
_m KamV Am`mda `m`m _Zmbm Q>moMUr bmJbr. AmnU MwH$bmo Ago dmQy> bmJbo; hUyZ `m
Vr nmXwH$m emoY`mgmR>r nwhm AJUmV Jo`m. naVw Vr {_imbr Zmhr. Xd XoVo nU H$_ ZoVo Aer
`mMr AdWm Pmbr. `mZr _Zmo_Z lr_hmamOmMr j_m _m{JVbr. naVw nwT>o H$mhr {XdgmVM EH$
M_H$ma `m`m AZw^dmg Ambm. EH$ {Xdg Xohm`mVrb Xodmda dm{hbo`m H$hoar`m \w$bmnH$s
\$$ lr_hmamOmZr {Xbo`m nmXwH$mdarb \w$bo Xwg`m {Xderhr AJXr VmOr Q>dQ>drV am{hbr hmooVr.
~mH$s gd \w$bo Zoh_r_mUo ewH$ {Z_m`mdWoV hmoVr. `m AZw^dmZo D${_cm~mBZm A{Ve` AmZX
Pmbm Am{U lrgXJw$Mr H$nm>r AmnUmda Amho Agm {dmg dmQ>bm.
lr_hmamO AmOmar AmhoV Ago g_O`mda D${_cm~mB Amnbr ^mMr gm.JmoS>~mobo `m`mg_doV
lr_hmamOm`m XeZmgmR>r Am`m hmo`m. godH$mZr WmoS>m doi Wm~m`bm gm{JVbo. D${_cm~mB
Zm__aU H$arV Wm~`m hmo`m. EdT>mV H$mZmV eX EoHy$ Ambo, ""Xoh maY H$g gndm`M
AgV Vo ~Km`M Amho H$m ?'' Am{U ZVa H$mhr doimZo lr_hmamO godH$mMm AmYma KoD$Z ~mhoa
Ambo. ZrQ> MmbVm òV ZhVo. AJmda H$nS>ohr R>rH$ ZhVo. D${_cm~mBZr Z_H$ma Ho$bm. naVw
lr_hmamOmZr AmnUmbm AmoiIbo Zgmdo Ago dmQy>Z `mZm IoX dmQ>bm. g_m{Y_{XamVyZ ~mhoa
nS>VmZm Zoh_r_mUo EH$Xm hmV OmoS>`mgmR>r `m nmR>r di`m, Vohm lr_hmamO H$moUmMmhr AmYma
Z KoVm EH$Q>oM Cô AmhoV, >r `mZ_ Am{U AmerdmXgyMH$ Aer hmVmMr _wm Ho$br Amho, Ago
`mMo XeZ Pmbo Am{U D${_cm~mBZm Y` dmQ>bo. `m AmerdmXmZo {Xbobo Amp_H$ ~i AmOhr
D${_cm~mB `m`m AZw^dmbm òVo.
nVtMo {ZYZ Pm`m_wio 1984 ZVa `mZm dmadma _{XamV òUo O_V Zgo. naVw `m_mUo
_mZgnyOm H$aVmV `m H$mao amoO nyOo`m doir `m _{XamV òD$Z lr~m~m _hmamOm`m g_mYrMo
Am{U lr_hmamOmMo _ZmZo XeZ `m``m. lr_hmamOmMr H$Vr {~KS>`mMo g_O`mda `m _ZmZoM
{ZdmgWmZmVrb dmVy`m ImobrV OmD$Z lr_hmamOmMo XeZ KoV AgV. EH$ {Xdg _ZMjwnwT>o
H$mQ>darb JmXr JwS>miyZ R>odbobr Amho Ago ` {Xgbo. Vohm `m JS>~S>`m Am{U AV`m_r
dgUm`m lr_hmamOmZmM `mZr {dMmabo H$s, ""AmVm Z_H$ma Hw$R>o H$am`Mm ?'' Vohm Amkm
Pm`mJV _Z AmO OoWo lr_hmamOmMo g_m{Y_{Xa Amho, VoWo Ambo Am{U MmW`mgmaIr OmJm
{Xgbr d òWo Z_H$ma H$amdm Aer Amkm Pmbr. `mZr VoWo Z_H$ma Ho$bm. naVw H$mhrVar {dnarV
KS>bo Amho Ago dmQy>Z _Zmbm ~oMZr Ambr. eodQ>r gmV`m {Xder lr_hmamOm`m {ZdmUmMr
_m{hVr XoUmao n {_imbo Am{U _J `m >mVmMm CbJS>m Pmbm. AZ` {Z>m R>odUm`m ^$m`m
AZw^d Ho$di.. / 225
AV`m_r lr_hmamO gXd dmg H$$Z AgVmV `mMr dmadma {MVr D${_cm~mBgma`m ^$mZm òV
AgVo Am{U VrM `m`m dmQ>MmbrV AmYma XoUmar H$mR>r AgVo.
lr_hmamOmZr gm{JV`m_mUo lr_Vr D${_cm~mB `mZr Amnbr ^mMr, nydml_rMr Hw$.`moVr
\$S>Ho$ {hbm Amn`m _wbrgmaIr dmT>{dbr hmoVr. nwT>o lr_hmamOm`m _mJXeZmZwgma {VMm {ddmh
lr.e{eH$mV Omoer `m`mer 1981 gmbr Pmbm. `m gm.erVb Omoer `mZr lr_hmamOm`m gX^mVrb
H$mhr gwXa AmR>dUr gm{JV`m AmhoV.
EH$Xm lr._YwH$a H$mio `mZr dImarVyZ H$moigo IaoXr Ho$bo. `m doir H$moigodm`mZo ZOaMwH$sZo
nmM nò A{YH$ naV Ho$bo. H$mio `m`m Vo `mM doir bjmV Ambo. naVw "H$moigodmbm b~mS>M
Amho, `mbm ngo H$embm naV H$am`Mo ?' Agm {dMma H$$Z H$mi|Zr Vo ngo naV {Xbo ZmhrV. _m
_Zmbm WmoS>r Q>moMUr bmJbr. hr Jmo> XmohX òWo KS>bobr. Oohm H$mio H$mhr {XdgmZr nw`mbm Ambo,
Vohm lr_hmamO hUmbo, ""Aao _Yw^mD$ `m A~mbmbMo (dImadm`mMo) nmM nò XoD$Z Q>mH$ ~a !
Vo \o$S>`mgmR>r CJmMM EImXm O_ dm`m Kmbdmdm bmJob.'' lr.H$mio ho EoHy$Z W$ Pmbo.
lr_hmamOmMr j_m _mJyZ Vo Kar Ambo Am{U `mZr H$moigodm`mMo ngo gdW_ XoD$Z Q>mH$bo.
lr.H$mio aodo dH$emn_ò H$m_mbm hmoVo. EH$ {Xdg H$m_ AmQ>monyZ Kar naV òV AgVmZm `mZm
dmQy> bmJbo H$s AmO AmnU dH$emn_Yrb _{eZ ~X H$am`bm {dgabmo AmhmoV. Vo {dMma _ZmVyZ
PQ>Hy$Z Q>mHy$Z Vo nwT>o MmbV am{hbo nU gmaIo VoM {dMma _ZmV òV hmoVo. naVw _mJo Z diVm _ZmVrb
{dMma XwbjyZ Vo nwT>oM OmD$ bmJbo. eodQ>r nm`mV _UmMr ~oS>r KmV`mJV `mMo nm` O{_Zrbm
OIS>bo Jobo; Vohm `mZr _mJo OmD$Z EH$Xm _ZmMr Imr H$am`Mo R>a{dbo. Vo dH$emn_ò naV
Ambo Am{U nmhmVmV Vmo H$m` ? _{eZ IaM Mmby hmoVo Am{U H$nZm_wio OmJod$Z gaH$V gaH$V
q^Vrnmer Ambo hmoVo. q^VrOdi òD$Z Vo AmnQ>bo AgVo Va _{eZMo ZwH$gmZ Pmbo AgVo Am{U
`mMm R>nH$m H$mi|da Ambm AgVm. H$mio VoWo nmohmoMbo Vohm q^VrnmgyZ Oo_Vo_ BMâ AVamda
_{eZ Ambobo hmoVo. H$mio `mZr _{eZ ~X Ho$bo Am{U `m gJmVyZ lr_hmamOmZrM Amn`mbm
dmM{dbo Amho `mMr OmUrd hmoD$Z `mZr lr_hmamOmZm eVe: Z_H$ma Ho$bo.
lr.H$mio `mZr lr Jm|XdboH$a _hmamOmMo M[a dmMbo. `m_ò lr Jm|XdboH$a _hmamOmMo Ago
{VnmXZ Amho H$s Oa Vwhr ~oewrV Om`m`m AIoa`m jUmn`V Zm__aU H$arV am{hbmV Va
~oewrVgwm Vw_Mo Zm__aU AIS> amhrb hr O~m~Xmar _mPr ! Oohm lr.H$mio `m`mda X`
e{H$`m hmoUma hmoVr, `m doir gl _Zm`m H$mioZr `m dMZmMr {MVr òVo H$m ho nmhm`Mo
Amn`m _Zmer R>a{dbo Am{U AmnaoeZnydu ^yb {Xbr OmV AgVmZm OmUrdnydH$ gVV Zm__aU
H$arV am{hbo. ~oewr`m `m H$mimV VrZ-Mma doim ew Am`mgmaIo Pmbo. `m doir H$mZmda
KQ>mZmX d Zm__aUmMo dZr nS>bo. AmnaoeZ `dpWVnUo nma nS>bo. lr_hmamOmMo AmerdmX
226 && MV`gy` &&
nmR>rer hmoVo. g_m{Y_{XamVyZ amoO AJmam-gwR>dS>m òV hmoVm. `m_wio gd H$mhr `dpWVar`m
hmoD$Z VòV gwYm$ bmJbr. EH$ {Xdg lr_hmamO dV: `mZm ôQ>`mgmR>r hmpnQ>b_ò Ambo.
`m doir `mZr H$mi|Zm {dMmabo, ""~oewr_ògwm na_oa AgVmo `mMr OmUrd Pmbr Zm ?'' `m
mZo gd gVm_ò EH$$nd H$go AgVo `mMmM `` lr.H$mio `mZm Ambm.
lr.AU H$mo{S>bH$a `m nw`mVrb EH$ ^$mZr EH$ gwXa AmR>dU gm{JVbr Amho. 1968 gmb
Agmdo. AUamd lr_hmamOm`m XeZmbm Ambobo hmoVo. lr_hmamOmg_moarb ~mH$mda ~gyZ
lr_hmamOmer ~mobV hmoVo. lr_hmamOmMo Yy_nmZ AYyZ_YyZ MmbyM hmoVo. Q>o~bmeoOma`m {IS>H$s`m
n>rda "{ndim hmr'Mo nmH$sQ> Am{U H$mS>onoQ>r R>odbobrM Ago. `m {Xder AUamd lr_hmamOmZm
hUmbo, ""_hmamO VòVrbm EdT>o Yy_nmZ ~ao Zho.'' S>moio {H$b{H$bo H$arV hgVhgV _hmamO
hUmbo, ""Cm gmoSyZ XoD$ H$m ? nU Zmhr ! Xoh R>od`mgmR>r Ago H$mhr Var Y$Z R>odmdoM bmJVo !
ho Vwbm Ammm H$iUma Zmhr.''
nwT>o EH$ {Xdg lr_hmamOmZr Yy_n mZ ~X Ho$bo Vo H$m`_Mo ! _Zmda Am{U B{`mda nyU {ZÙ
Agbo`m lr_hmamOm`m >rZo Aem Jmo>r A{Ve` jwH$ hmo`m.
AUamdmZm lr_hmamOmZr gXJw^$s H$er H$amdr `m {df`r CnXoe H$aVmZm gm{JVbo, ""Amn`m
AV:H$aUmV gXJw$ Ago ^$Z am{hbo nm{hOoV H$s VoWo gXJw$`m {dMmam{edm` Xwgao {dMma òUma
ZmhrV, `mMo Vdm{edm` Xwgao Vd òUma Zmhr. AmnU gXJw$`m MaUr nSy>Z amhm`bm nm{hOo.''
lr.dêoQ> ~mhoVr `mMo Hw$Qw>~ lr~m~m`m bmQ>`m eoOmarM Agbo`m B_maVrV Iyn df}
dmV`mbm hmoV.o 1956 gmbr lr_hmamOmZr lr~m~m`m g_m{Y_{Xam`m C^maUrMr Ywam drH$mabr.
VohmnmgyZM lr_hmamOm`m {ZH$Q> ghdmgmMo _h^m` ~mhoVr Hw$Qw>~r`mZm bm^bo. `m WmZm`m
OS>UKS>UrVrb òH$ KS>m_moS>rMo dêoQ> gmjrXma AmhoV. {H$amUm XwH$mZmMm `dgm` H$aUmao
~mhoVr _{XamV bmJUm`m {H$amUm _mbmMm nwadR>m H$arV. Jobr EH$md df} ho `mdhm[aH$ ZmVo AIS>
{Q>H$y Z Amho. `md$ZM lr.~mhoVtMm `dhma {H$Vr MmoI Am{U gMmoQ>rMm Amho `mMr H$nZm òV.o
`mM~amo~a lr_hmamOmda ~mhoVr Hw$Qw>~r`mZr {dbjU lm R>odbr. Am`{VH$ o_ Ho$bo, gnyU
{dmg R>odbm Am{U AmO A`V gwImg_mYmZmZo H$VmW OrdZ OJUmao lr.dêoQ> Am{U
gm.{_bm~oZ Amn`m `m gwIr Am`w`mMo gmao lo` lr_hmamOm`m H$nm>rbm XoVmV.
gm.{_bm~oZ `mMo _mhoa Ah_XZJa òWrb "H$m~m' Hw$Qw>~mV Amho. `mMo AmOmo~m ho lrgV
H$mH$m _hmamO CnioH$a `mMo {e` hmoVo. lr CnioH$a _hmamOmMr H$m~m Hw$Qw>~r`mda H$nm hmoVr.
gm.{_bm~oZ`m AmBMo Zmd "A`mo`m' hmoVo. {_bm~oZZm Vo "A`moòMr _wbJr' Ago g~moYm`Mo.
""A`moòMr _wbJr H$moR>o Amho ?'' Aer AYyZ_YyZ MmH$er H$am`Mo. _J N>moQ>m {_bm~oZ XeZbm
OmD$ bmJ`m Am{U _ZmV ^pV_mJmMo ~rO nS>bo. gm. {_bm~oZ `mMm lr.dêoQ> `m`mer
AZw^d Ho$di.. / 227
{ddmh hmoD$Z `m nw`mbm {ZKm`m Vohm AmerdmX Ko`mgmR>r `m lr CnioH$a _hmamOmH$S>o Jo`m,
""AmVm Amnbo XeZ H$go hmoUma ?'' Ago {_bm~oZZr {dfmX`w$ AV:H$aUmZo {dMmabo. Vohm Vo
hUmbo, ""H$mhr H$miOr H$$ ZH$mog. eoOmarM {dR>mo~m Amho. `mMo XeZ KoV Om. Vmo VwPm gm^mi
H$arb.'' `m doir {_bm~oZZm "{dR>mo~m' hUOo H$moU H$mhrM _mhrV ZhVo. naVw nw`mbm Am`mda
_m ~mhoVr Hw$Qw>~r`mg_doV `mhr lr_hmamOm`m XeZmbm òD$ bmJ`m.
bmZVa EH$Xm {_bm~oZ _mhoar Jo`m hmo`m. lr CnioH$a _hmamOm`m XeZmgmR>r `m Jo`m.
`m doir Vo hUmbo, ""AmVm XmoZ _{h`mZr A{YH$ _{hZm òVmo`, Vohm dmU m`bm Var ò qH$dm
`m`bm Var ò !'' {_bm~oZ WmoS>m ~wMH$`mV nS>`m. _J `mZr hr h{H$H$V lr_hmamOm`m
H$mZr KmVbr. Vohm lr_hmamO hUmbo H$s, ""Vy dmU m`bm Om !'' _J _hmamOmZr H$moUVo dmU m`Mo
dJao gd gm{JVbo. `m_mUo gd V`mar Ho$br Am{U _mhoar {ZKVmZm lr_hmamOmZm Z_H$ma H$a`mgmR>r
`m _{XamV Am`m. `m doir lr_hmamO qH${MH$mi VY ~gbo. S>mi
o o {_Qy>Z `mZ Ho$bo Am{U
hUmbo, ""_m`m _wbrbm nmR>dVmo`, H$moR>o OmD$ ZH$m !'' ZVa `mZr {_bm~oZZm {Zamon {Xbm.
BH$S>o lr CnioH$a _hmamO _m AmX`m {XdernmgyZM H$moR>o Jm`~ Pmbo hmoVo. ^$_S>ir
emoYmemoY H$arV hmoVr, naVw Vo H$moR>o AmhoV `mMm H$mhr nmm bmJV ZhVm. _m Xwg`m {Xder Vo
gH$mir AMmZH$ naV Ambo Am{U Kam~mhoarb AmoQ>mda nona dmMV ~gbo hmoVo. VoWyZ Vo jUâhr
CR>bo ZmhrV. Cho AmoQ>mda Ambr, Varhr Vo VoWyZ hbbo ZmhrV. {_bm~oZZm nw`mhZ {ZKyZ
\$bQ>Ubm nmohmoMm`bm 3&&-4 Vmg Var bmJbo. `m Vm~S>Vmo~ lr CnioH$a _hmamOmH$S>o Jo`m.
Z_H$ma H$$Z `mZr dmU {Xbo. `mZm nmhmVmM lr CnioH$a _hmamO hUmbo, ""H$m` J, {H$Vr
Cera Ho$bmg ! Ho$hmnmgyZ dmQ> nmhmV òWo ~gbmo` !'' `m doir {_bm~oZZm lr_hmamOmMo
dJVmgmaIo ~mobUo ""_m`m _wbrbm nmR>dVmo`, H$moR>o OmD$ ZH$m !'' AmR>dbo Am{U `m XmoZ gnwfmV
H$gm gnH$ AgVmo `mMm `` Ambm. AmX`m {Xder AkmVWir {ZKyZ Jobobo lr CnioH$a
_hmamO lr_hmamOmZr gXoe nmR>{d`m_wioM gH$mirgH$mir naVyZ "lr_hmamOm`m _wbr'Mr dmQ>
nmhmV ChmV VmQ>H$iV ~gbo hmoVo. _J gmXmMo ^moOZ KoD$Z n{_bm~oZ Kar naV`m. nw`mbm
Am`mda gp_V Moh`mZo lr_hmamOmZr {dMmabo, ""XeZ Pmbo Zm !'' Vohm {_bm~oZZr hmoH$ma
{Xbm. {_bm~oZZm `m doir Y`Y` dmQ>bo.
{_bm~oZ Mm`m doir JamoXa hmo`m, `m doir EH$ {Xdg lr_hmamOmZr EH$ Zmai `m`m hmVr
{Xbm Am{U Vmo XodKamV R>od`mg gm{JVbo. Oa gyVr gwI$n Pmbr Va hm Zmai \$moSy>Z gdmZr
gmX hUyZ `m, _m Oa H$mhr A{Z> KS>bo Va Zmai ZXr`m dmhmV {dg{OV H$am Ago `mZr
gm{JVbo. `m doir lr. dêoQ>hr AmOmar nS>bobo hmoVo Am{U XwIUohr Vgo _m_wbr ZhVo. nwT>o
`WmdH$me {_bm~oZ gyV Pm`m, _wbJm Pmbm. naVw n{h`m H$mhr {XdgmVM `mMr VòV
228 && MV`gy` &&
{~KS>br Am{U `w_mo{Z`m hmoD$Z ~m{dgm`m {Xder Vmo _wbJm Jobm. lr_hmamOmZr gm{JVbo hmoVo,
`m_mUo Vmo Zmai {dg{OV H$a`mV Ambm. nwT>o `m Xw:ImVyZ WmoS>o gmda`mda Am{U dêoQ>Zmhr
~ao dmQ>`mda lr_hmamOmZr `mZm g_OmdyZ gm{JVbo H$s A[a> Iao Va dêoQ> `mModaM òD$
KmVbobo hmoVo, naVw `m`m gwXdmZo Vo Q>ibo.
AZoH$ chmZ _moR>o gJ {_bm~oZZm H$mb nadm KS>`mgmaIo AmR>dVmV. EH$Xm {edamr`m
{Xder {_bm~oZ _{XamV XeZmgmR>r Am`m hmo`m. `m Zoh_r gH$mir 7&-7&& dmOVm òV AgV.
_m `m {Xder gmS>oXhm hmoD$Z Jobo hmoVo. _hmamO hUmbo, ""~g, KmB Zmhr Amho Zm ?'' {_bm~oZ
Wm~`m. lr_hmamOmZr H$mhr ZmUr KoVbr. Vr Amn`m _wIm_ò R>odyZ H$mhr doi `mZW Pmbo
Am{U ZVa Vr ZmUr `mZr {_bm~oZZm {Xbr. Vo gdmAH$am nò hmoVo. lr_hmamO hUmbo, ""ho ngo
OnyZ R>od. `m`m ~X`mV H$moUr bmI nò XoD$ Ho$bo Var Vo H$moUmbm XoD$ ZH$mog !'' AOyZhr Vo ngo
{_bm~oZZr OnyZ R>odbo AmhoV. gy`mZo XmnXrbm Oer Wmir {Xbr Am{U {VZo hOmamo `mMH$mZm A
XoD$Z gVw> Ho$bo. `mM_mUo `m gdmAH$am n`mZrM Amnbm ggma MmbV Amho, Ago {_bm~oZZm
dmQ>Vo.
EH$Xm ~mobVm~mobVm lr_hmamO hUmbo H$s, ""Vw_`m _wbrMo b _moR>m WmQ>m_mQ>mV hmoBb !
_moR>m g_ma^ hmoBb.'' Vohm {_bm~oZ hUm`m, ""Amhr {H$amUm `mnmar, AJXr H$_r CnmMm
YXm, ImD$Z{nD$Z gwIr AmhmoV EdT>oM. _m ^nHo$Xma, ^` {ddmh g_ma^ Am_`m hmVyZ H$gm
hmoUma ? Am_Mr VmH$X Vr {H$Vr ?'' Vohm _hmamO hUmbo, ""Vy H$embm `mMr qMVm H$aVog ? _r
Vw`m _wbrH$S>o H$m` Vo XoVmo !'' {_bm~oZZr hQ>b, ""_wbrH$S>o XoUma AmhmV ?'' Vohm Vo hUmbo,
""~a Va, _J Vw`m _wbmH$S>o XoVmo !'' Am`mMr Jmo> hUOo ~mhoVr Xmn`mMm _wbJm _{Q>H$n`VMohr
{ejU nyU Z hmoVmM 14-15 `m dfu dV `dgm`mV CVabm. `mbm gnyU XoeâmgmR>r EH$
EOgr {_imbr Am{U YmV AJXr bhmZ d`mV èdr Pmbm. `mZo ânya ngm {_i{dbm. ~mhoVr
Hw$Qw>~mMr Am{WH$ pWVr MmJbrM gwYmabr Am{U _wbrMo bhr lr_hmamOm`m gmJ`m_mUo
_moR>m WmQ>m_mQ>mVM Pmbo.
EH$Xm {_bm~oZZm Cgdm`m doir nJVr_ò lr_hmamOmZr gmV nwaUnmo`m dmT>`m, gmo~V
VwnmMr dmQ>r Am{U XwYmMrhr dmQ>r. g_moa _hmamO H$_aoda hmV R>odyZ R>m_ Cô. {_bm~oZZr H$em~em
nmo`m gn{d`m. _m AmVm gm`H$mir H$mhr gmXmbm òUma Zmhr, Ago gmJyZ `m Kar Jo`m.
lr_hmamO hUmbo, ""~Kerb Vy ! gm`H$mir Vwbm ^yH$ bmJob Am{U Vy òerb !'' Am{U VgoM
Pmbo. nmo`mMm Oamhr mg Pmbm Zmhr Am{U {_bm~oZZr gm`H$mirhr _{XamV òD$Z gmX KoVbm.
{_bm~oZZm lr_hmamOm`m {ZdmUmZVahr `mMo ApVd _{XamV AMmZH$ H$moR>oVar jU-AYm
jU OmUdVo. {dbjU gwJY OmUdVmo. EH$Xm lrH$mH$m _hmamO ~gbobo AgVmZm, AMmZH$ `mMo
AZw^d Ho$di.. / 229
OmJr lr_hmamOmMr _yVu {Xgy bmJbr. jUmV lr_hmamO Va jUmV lrH$mH$m _hmamO Ago AmbQy>ZnmbQy>Z {Xgy bmJbo. `m doir {_bm~oZ `mMr Imr nQ>br H$s AmnU lrH$mH$m`m XohmVyZ òWo
dmdaV AmhmoV `mMrM {MVr lr_hmamO XoV AmhoV.
{_bm~oZZm EH$Xm EH$ {dbjU gyMH$ dZ nS>bo. lr~m~m EH$m ^` d^dembr Aem aWmV
~gbo AmhoV. aWmbm gmV ew^ KmoS>o AmhoV Am{U lr~m~m hUV AmhoV H$s Amn Ho$di XmoZM KmoS>o
YmdV AmhoV. gmVhr KmoS>o YmdVrb Vohm `m WmZmMo d^d nmhmerb !
{_bm~oZ AmOhr AJXr {Z`{_VnUo _{XamV XeZmbm òVmV. `m`mM eXmV gmJm`Mo Va
lr_hmamO `mZm KoD$Z òVmV. _`Var 10 df} `mZm JwS>KoXwIrMm mg hmoV hmoVm. S>mQ>amZr
AmnaoeZ H$am`bm gm{JVbo hmoVo. naVw lrH$mH$m _hmamOmZr H$mhr CnmgZm H$am`bm gm{JVbr. "dmo
ZmamÙmo h[a' `m loZo Vr CnmgZm H$aVmM {_bm~oZ AmVm JwS>KoXwIrVyZ _w$ Pm`m AmhoV.
dêoQ>Zm Oo. H$U_yVvMo dmL>_` Am{U {dMma AmdS>m`Mo. EH$Xm Vo lr_hmamOmZm hUmbo
H$s, Xod Amho qH$dm Zmhr `mMm {dMma H$a`mnojm _mUgmZo dV:bm AmoiIbo nm{hOo, Aem
Ame`mMo H$U_yVvMo {dMma _bm AmdS>VmV. lr_hmamO `mZm hUmbo, ""Aao Vo C nmVirdaMo
gmYH$ AmhoV. Zd`m nmàrda C`m Agbo`m gmYH$mMo AZwH$aU n{h`m nmàrda C`m Agbo`m
gm_m` _mUgmbm H$go H$aVm òBb ? gm_m`mZr Zm__aU, `mZ Ago ghO gwb^ _mJM MmoImimdoV.
^{$_mJmZoM dmQ>Mmb gwb^ hmoVo.'' nwT>o H$mhr {Xdg _Z gaâ Pmbo, naVw lr_hmamOmZr hmV Y$Z
`mZm `mo` _mJmda AmUyZ gmoS>bo. lr_hmamOm`m {ZdmUmZVa dêoQ>Zm dZmV EH$ {Xdg,
lr_hmamO, _wioH$mH$m Am{U dV: dêoQ> EH$m _{XamV Cô AmhoV, Ago ` dZmV {Xgbo.
lr_hmamO hUmbo, ""_r H$moR>o ~gy?'' lr dêoQ> hUmbo, ""_m`m X`mV ~gm !'' Am{U
AmZXm{VaoH$mZo Vo OmJo Pmbo. lr_hmamOmMo bmQ>_Yrb PmonS>rVrb dmV`, ~m~m`m _{XamMr
C^maUr Aem Ama^mnmgyZ`m gd Jmo>r ~mhoVreoQ>Zr nm{h`m AmhoV. `m ma^r`m H$mimV, EH$Xm
~mhoVtH$S>o gmJbrhZ EH$m ZmVodmBH$mMo bmMo dhmS> Ambo hmoVo. Vo gmaoOU _{XamV XeZmbm Jobo,
`m òH$mbm gmX hUyZ lr_hmamOmZr 50 n`mMr ZmoQ> {Xbr. gmao dhmS>r AJXr W$ hmoD$Z
Jobo. Aem AZoH$ KQ>Zm lr.~mhoVr Zoh_r gmJV AgVmV.
lrgV ZmZm nmR>H$ ho EH$ Wmoa Am_gmjmH$mar gnwf gmobmnya òWo hmoD$Z Jobo. Zm{eH$ òWrb
_hmZ gV lr JOmZZ _hmamO Jwo `mMo Vo _wI {e` hmoVo. lr ZmZm nmR>H$ ho Zm{eH$bm dmV`mbm
AgVmZm, lrgV H$mH$m {ZamoIoH$a ho lr~m~mMo Jw~Yy `mZm Zoh_r lr~m~m~b AZoH$ Jmo>r gmJV.
`m_wio lr~m~m`m XeZmMr AmoT> lr ZmZm nmR>H$ `m`m _ZmV {Z_mU Pmbobr hmoVr. lr ZmZm
nw`mbm Ambo H$s Vo lr~m~m`m XeZmbm ^{$^mdmZo òV AgV. lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm`m gd
{e`mZm lr JOmZZ _hmamO Jwo `mMo{df`r AVmoZmV AmXa d o_ dmQ>o. XeZmbm Ambo`m lr ZmZm
230 && MV`gy` &&
nmR>H$mZm lr~m~m Zoh_r XmoZ gwnm`m XoV AgV. EH$ nMdQ>rV Xm _{XamV R>od`mgmR>r d Xwgar lr
JOmZZ _hmamOmZm Xo`mgmR>r. lr ZmZm nmR>H$mer ~mobVmZm Vo Zoh_r hUV, ""Vwhr Vw_`m Jw$Zm
nmM {XboV, nU _r _m MmaM {Xbo.'' `m JyT> C$sMm AW~moY lr ZmZm nmR>H$ `mZm hmoV Zgo. naVw
gVgnwfm_Yrb o_mXamMo ZmVo {H$Vr T> Am{U AV` AgVo `mMm `` nwT>o lr~m~m`m
_hm{ZdmUmZVa Ambm. lr~m~m`m _hm{ZdmUmZVa, lr[XJ~aXmg _hmamOmZr lr~m~mMm gmX
hUyZ lr ZmZm nmR>H$ `mZm nmM H$bXma nò nmR>dyZ {Xbo. Vo nmhZ lr ZmZm `mZm lr~m~m dmadma
CoI H$arV `m Jmo>rMr AmR>dU Pmbr Am{U lr_hmamOm`m AV:gm{jdm`m `m H$VrZo Vo ^mamdyZ
Jobo. Amn`m AmR>dUt`m nwVH$mV `mZr AmdOyZ hr h{H$H$V gm{JVbr Amho.
do._y. {_{bX ~moaH$a JwOr H$mhr H$m_m{Z{_m ~S>mombm Jobo AgVm VoWo `mZm lr. go
ZmdmMo EH$ d JhW `moJm`moJmZo ôQ>bo. lr.gno ho lr aJmdYyV dm_tMo {e` AmhoV. lr.go nydu
lr grVmam_~wdm XohYmar AgVmZm H$mhr {Xdg gmdS>mbm lr dhmiH$a~wdm`m g_m{Y_{XamV
am{hbobo hmoVo. Vo lrhZw_mZ CnmgH$ hmoVo. lr_hmamOmMo Am`mp_H$ gm_` `m`m bjmV Ambobo
hmoVo, `m_wio lr_hmamOm`m {df`r `m`m _ZmV A{Ve` AmXa ^mdZm hmoVr. `mgX^mV `mZr
lr_hmamOmMr EH$ AmR>dU lr. ~moaH$a JwOr `mZm gm{JVbr. ~mhoaJmdmhZ EH$Xm AMmZH$ eâgdmeo _mUgo _{XamV XeZmgmR>r Ambr. lr_hmamOmZr Mhm H$a`mg gm{JVbo. _{Xam_ò EdT>m
bmoH$mZm Mhm Xo`mgmR>r Amd`H$ VodT>r MhmnyS>, gmIa, XyY hr gm_Jr ZhVr. AmMmar JmoYimV
nS>bm. EdT>m Mhm H$gm V`ma H$am`Mm ? `m doir lr. go `mZr AmMm`mbm gm{JVbo, ""Vwbm
H$miOr H$a`mMo H$maU Zmhr ! Amho `m gmIa, nwS>rVyZ hmoBb VodT>m Mhm H$a ! Vo {gnwf AmhoV.
`mZm gd H$mhr _mhrV Amho. Varhr `mZr Mhm H$am`bm gm{JVbm Amho. Vohm VoM gd gJ
{Z^mdyZ ZoVrb.'' `m_mUo AmMm`mZo Mhm Ho$bm Am{U Vmo Ambo`m gd _S>itZm nw$Z WmoS>m
{eH$hr am{hbm.
lr.go Jobr AZoH$ df} ~S>mombmM AmhoV. nwhm gmdS>}-S>oadU òWo òUo Pmbobo Zmhr.
`mZr CgwH$VoZo ~moaH$a JwOtZm gpWVr{df`r {dMmabo AgVm ~moaH$a JwOr `mZr lrH$mH$m
_hmamOm{df`r Am{U nwUo, S>oadU WmZm{df`r _m{hVr {Xbr. `m doir lr.go hUmbo H$r, lrH$mH$m
_hmamO ho _hmZ hZw_mZmonmgH$ AmhoV. Ia Va `mMr lr_hmamOm`m nmV `m WmZmMr O~m~Xmar
CMb`mMr _ZmnmgyZ BN>m ZhVr Am{U hUyZM AZoH$ BNw>H$mZm ~mOyg gm$Z lr_hmamOmZr
`m`mH$S>o ~io~ioM hr O~m~Xmar gmon{dbr Amho Am{U `m`m ZoVdmImbr ho WmZ Iyn dqJV
hmoUma Amho.
D D D
AZw^d Ho$di.. / 231
H$aU : 20
{ddoH$o nmhVm, Zm_ $n Zmgo & MV` Vo Ago Ogo Vgo &&
gZ 1978-79 nmgyZ 1984-85 n`V lr_hmamOmZm AZoH$ PPmdmVr dmXimZm Vm|S> mdo
cmJco. nw`mV Am{U S>oadU òWohr `m H$mcmdYrV {hVey`m H$madm`mZm {dcjU Omoa MT>cm
hmoVm. hm gd H$mi lr_hmamOm`m emar[aH$ Am{U _mZ{gH$ j_VoMr H$gmoQ>r nmhmUmam hmoVm.
lr_hmamOmMo d`hr gmar JmRy> nmhmV hmoVo. _mZ{gH$Q>m lr_hmamO AJXr AIoan`V H$UIa
hmoVo. nU EdT>r df} Ho$co`m A{dlmV _ohZVrMo n[aUm_ earamda hmoUo An[ahm` hmoVo. a$Xm~,
_Yw_oh `m {dH$mamZr Xohmda AmH$_U Ho$co hmoVo. H$\${dH$mahr mg XoV hmoVm. S>mo`mV _moVrq~Xy Pmco
hmoVo. na_oamZo Xoh YmaU H$$Z `m OJmV AdVma KoVcm, Vohm `mcmhr _mZdr Xohm`m _`mXm
gwQ>`m ZmhrV.
`m`m ghdmgmV AgUm`m, XeZmcm òUm`m ^$mZm lr_hmamOm`m ImcmdUm`m H$VrMr
H$miOr dmQ>o. nU H$moUr `mZm `m`m VòVr{df`r {dMmacoco AmdS>V Zgo. H$moUr H$miOr `$
Ho$cr Va VmS>H$Z Cô amhm`Mo. ncdmZmgmaIo XS> WmonQy>Z hUm`Mo, ""_cm H$m` Pmc` ? Mc,
_m`m~amo~a Hw$Vr IoiVmog ?'' Am{U dV:M IiIiyZ hgm`Mo. _m ho gd Amn`m {e`m`m
g_mYmZmgmR>r Agm`Mo.
AmnU {Z_mU Ho$co`m `m ngm`mMr `dWm cmd`mMm {dMma _m Amn`m _ZmV lr_hmamOmZr
gw$ Ho$cm hmoVm. gnyU Am`w`mMo _moc XoD$Z C^maco`m H$m`mMr Ywam, Amn`m Immda g_WnUo
dmh eHo$c Agm {e`da `mZm KS>dm`Mm hmoVm. AdVr^modVr AZoH$ {e`JU hmoVo. AJXr KamXmamMm
`mJ H$$Z _{XamVM Amnco gdd AnyZ am{hcoco ^$JUhr hmoVo. naVw AmnU H$moUVm dmagm
Amn`m {e`mH$S>o gwnyX H$aUma AmhmoV `mMr lr_hmamOmZm nyU H$nZm hmoVr. hr H$mhr Eo`gn
_R>mVrc, gmo`m-_mo`mZr _T>{dcocr, _I_cr, Jw~Jw~rV _R>m{YnVrMr JmXr ZhVr Va ho Ho$di
A{gYmamdV hmoVo. gddmMm `mJ H$$Z Hw$Qw>~-ggma gmoSy>Z, EdT>oM Zho Va "d'dmMmhr `mJ
H$$Z, Ho$di JwgodoMo dV hmVr KoD$Z, gnyU Am`w`mMr AmhVr Jw$`m MaUr, ^{$^mdnydH$
AnU H$$ eHo$c Agm {e` `mZm emoYm`Mm hmoVm Am{U Agm {e` {X. 4 OyZ 1976 amoOr
Amn`m nmdcmZr MmcV lr~m~m`m _{XamV XmIc Pmcm. AWmVM `mMr H$nZm Zm `m {e`mcm
hmoVr Zm _{XamVrc A` H$moUm ^$OZmZm !
lr.aKwZmW Ho$ed Omoer D$\$ amdgmho~ ho lr_hmamOmMo AZwJhrV {e`. nmdgcm lrdm_r
d$nmZXm`m CnpWVrV lr_hmamOmZr 1951-52 gmcr `mZm AZwJh {Xcm hmoVm. aKwZmWamd,
232 && MV`gy` &&
`mMo dS>rc~Yy lr.XmmonV ho gmao _hmamOmMo {e` Va hmoVoM, naVw `mMo dS>rc hVm_m lr.Ho$ed
_hmXod Omoer Am{U lr_hmamOmMo AmOmo~m har gImam_ `m`mnmgyZ `m XmoZ Hw$Qw>~mV K{Z> g~Y
hmoVo. Vo g~Y 1951`m Xa`mZ lr.aKwZmWamd aZm{Jarcm ZmoH$ar{Z{_mmZo nwhm Am`mda A{YH$M
T Pmco. lr.aKwZmWamd `m doir XmmonVmH$S>oM ghHw$Qw>~ amhmV hmoVo. A`m_m{df`r`m {OkmgoZo
ho Xmohr ~Yy Amnco {_ ~mny ImS>oH$a `m`mgh lr_hmamOm`m gm{`mV A{YH$m{YH$ doi amh
cmJco. hm gd ^mJ Mm`m H$aUmV Vn{ecdma Ambobm AmhoM. lr_hmamO `m doir H$mhr {Xdg
`m ~Yy`m Kar amhm`cm Amco hmoVo.
EH$ {Xdg lr_hmamOmZr Kar òVmM AJUmV IoiV Agcocm aKwZmWamd `mMm _wcJm {M.AemoH$
(lrH$mH$m _hmamO) `mcm nm{hco. `mcm Amn`mH$S>o ~mocmdyZ KoVco. _mS>rda ~gdyZ `mcm
CnmgZm_ {Xcm. hm gmam KQ>ZmH$_ EdT>m AZno{jV hmoVm H$s gmao OU Vo nmhZ W$ Pmco Am{U
AmZ{XVgwm !
`m doir lr.AemoH$amdmZm EH$m {d{M mgmcm VmoS> mdo cmJV hmoVo. Oo_Vo_ gmV dfm`m
AemoH$amdmZm Pmono_ò _VH$mV EH$m Vrd H$meq~XyMm \$moQ> hmoV Amho Agm ^mg hmoB Am{U Vo
PmonoVyZ qH$MmiV CRy>Z ~gV. AZoH$ Cnm` Pmco. AJXr _m{H$hr AmUyZ Pmcm, naVw hm mg H$_r
hmoV ZhVm. lr_hmamOmZr CnmgZm_ {X`mnmgyZ hm mg H$m`_Mm ~X Pmcm.
lr.aKwZmWamdmZm gV-gnwfm`m ghdmgmMr AmoT> hmoVr. dmr gmpdH$, Y_namÙ hmoVr.
ZmoH$ar`m{Z{_mmZo m_w`mZo aZm{Jar {OmV AZoH$ Vmcw`m`m Jmdr dmV` Pmco.
lr_hmamOm_mUoM lrdm_r d$nmZX, lr ZmZm _hmamO ~d}, lr H$Um^mD$ Q>|~o hUOoM
lr dm_r {edmZX, lr amD$i _hmamO Aem AZoH$ gV-gnwfm`m ghdmgmMm cm^ `mZm Pmcm
Am{U `mM~amo~a lr.AemoH$amdmZmhr. _m `mVrc H$moUrhr lr.AemoH$amdmZm AZwJh XoD$ Ho$cm
ZhVm. H$maU `m gdmZmM ^{d`mVrc `mMr dmQ>Mmc n> OmUdcocr Agmdr.
Wmn` A{^`m{H$sMo {ejU nyU H$$Z lr.AemoH$amd 1968 gmcr H$mohmnya òWo ZJa{Z`moOZ H$m`mc`mV A{^`Vm hUyZ XmIc Pmco. lr.aKwZmWamd VnyduM {Zdm Pmco hmoVo; `m_wio
gd Hw$Qw>~ H$mohmnwamV {~hmS> H$$Z am{hco. {X. 9 OyZ 1969 amoOr AemoH$amdmMm {ddmh Pmcm.
EH$ _wcJm Am{U EH$ _wcJr Pmcr. ~oVm`m Am{WH$ n[apWVrVhr ggma gwIm-g_mYmZmV Mmcy
hmoVm. H$m_m{Z{_m H$Yr nw`mcm Am`mg _{XamV òD$Z lr_hmamOmMo XeZ KoD$Z OmV AgV.
H$mohmnyahZ nw`mcm ~Xcr Pm`m_wio lr.AemoH$amd {X. 3 OyZ 1976 amoOr H$mohmnyahZ
{ZKyZ {X. 4 OyZ 1976 amoOr nw`mcm nhmQ>o Amco d ZVa AmKmoi H$$Z gH$mir 8 dmOVm
lr_hmamOmZm òD$Z ôQ>co. AmVm nw`mcmM ~Xcr Pmcr Ag`m_wio, dmadma _{XamV òUo hmoD$
cmJco. Xa ~wYdma Am{U a{ddma _{XamV Oodm`cm ò`mMr Amkm Pmcr. _{XamVrc H$m_mVhr
{ddoHo$ nmhVm.. / 233
WmoS>m\$ma hmV^ma cmJy cmJcm. nwT>o H$mohmnyaMo {~hmS> nw`mcm Amco. _{XamV {Z`{_VnUo gH$mir
AmR> dmOVm ò`mMm H$_ gw$ Pmcm. H$m`mc`rZ O~m~Xm`m gm^miyZ Cacm doi _{XamV
lr_hmamOm`m gm{`mV OmD$ cmJcm. Am{WH$ n[apWVr_wio nw`mVrc {~hmS> 1979 `m
OyZ_ò gmVm`mcm hc{dco. `mZVa lr_hmamOmZr lr.AemoH$amdmZm _{XamVM amhm`mg ò`mMr
Amkm Ho$cr. hiyhiy O~m~Xm`m dmTy> cmJ`m. lr_hmamO EH$EH$ H$m_ g_OmdyZ XoV hmoVo, gmondV
hmoVo, H$Yr amJdV hmoVo, Va H$Yr H$mVwH$ H$arV hmoVo. lr_hmamOm`m Amko_mUo lr.AemoH$amd
1981`m OmZodmarV gaH$mar ZmoH$ar gmoSy>Z _{XamV nyU doi "XodmMr MmH$ar' H$a`mgmR>r Oy
Pmco. òWyZ nwT>o gJmgJmVyZ lr_hmamO AemoH$amdmZm R>mHy$Z-R>moHy$Z AmH$ma XoV hmoVo, _m Vo
H$moUVr _yVu KS>dV AmhoV `mMr H$nZm AJXr Odi`m _mUgmZmhr Amcocr ZhVr.
gZ 1981`m OyZ_ò lr_hmamOmZr _w~Bcm AYoar òWo lr.dmcmdcH$agmho~mZr ~mYco`m
EH$m {Zdmgr gHw$cmV EH$ OmJm lr.AemoH$amdmZm KoD$Z {Xcr Am{U `mMo gmVm`mcm Agcoco
Hw$Qw>~r` _w~Bcm Amco. lr.AemoH$amdm`m nZrcm gm.{Z_mH$mHy$Zm `m doir lr_hmamOmZr AmerdmX
{Xcm hmoVm H$s `m _w~B`m KamV Vwcm H$mhr H$_r nS>Uma Zmhr. KamOdiM gd H$mhr Vwcm {_ioc.
VwP gd H$mhr `dpWV hmoBc, `m AmerdmXm`m ~imda gm.{Z_mH$mHy$Zr ggmamMr gd O~m~Xmar
EH$Q>rZo gm^micr Am{U lr.AemoH$amd _{XamV nyU doi Ho$di VZmZo Zho Va _ZmZohr amh cmJco.
gZ 1981 _ò lr_hmamOmZr "JwH$nm' `m B_maVrMo H$m_ gw$ Ho$co. {ZdmgWmZmMr B_maV
dmT>`m ngm`m`m JaOm ^mJdm`cm Anwar nSy> cmJcr, hUyZ m B_maVrMo ~mYH$m_ gw$ Pmco
Am{U lr_hmamOmZr `mMr gd O~m~Xmar AemoH$amdmda Q>mH$cr. lr.AemoH$amd ho dV: {gphc
B{O{Zà; naVw `mZmhr lr_hmamO ~mYH$m_mVrc ~marH$gmarH$ ImMmImoMm {eH$dV AgV. AJXr
{g_|Q>, dmiy, IS>rMo {_lU _mUera H$go H$amdo òWnmgyZ chmZ _moR>r òH$ Jmo> lr_hmamO Img
`m`m nVrZo H$er H$amdr, `m _mJ`m H$maU_r_mggo h g_OmdyZ gmJV. H$m_mV MyH$ dm H$gya
{~cHy$c IndyZ KoVcr OmV Zgo. H$m_mVrb H$moUVrhr MyH$ `m`m ZOaoVZy gwQ>V Zgo. lr_hmamOm`m
CnpWVrMo XS>nU H$m_JmamZm EdT>o OmUdo H$s _J `m`m hmVyZ MwH$m hmoD$ cmJV. AJXr hmVmVyZ
K_oco Imcr nS>co Varhr lr_hmamO AemoH$amdmZm AmoaS>m`Mo ! m B_maVr`m ~mYH$m_mMr O~m~Xmar
hUOo ^mdr H$mimVrc O~m~Xm`mMm ~hYm lrJUoem Agmdm; Am{U lr.AemoH$amdmZr ho H$m_
gw`dpWVnUo H$$Z lr_hmamOmH$Sy>Z ngVrMr nmdVrhr {_idcr. AWmVM hr Ho$di gw$dmV hmoVr.
gZ 1979-80 nmgyZ nwT>rc VrZ-Mma df} lr_hmamOm`m {hVeyZr _moR>m _mUmV OUy
gK[Q>V CR>mdM Ho$cm hmoVm. AmYr dmK Hw$Qw>~r`mH$Sy>Z _{XamcJVMm "937 ~r' hm cmQ> ~iH$md`mMm
`Z, _w`_`mH$S>o H$a`mV Amcoco ImoQ>o AO Am{U {ZZmdr J{cN> nHo$, _{Xa gmdO{ZH$
R>a{d`mgmR>r Pmco`m H$moQ>-H$Mo`m, Am`H$a Im`mMm N>mnm, S>o$Z E`wHo$eZ gmogm`Q>rMr OmJm
234 && MV`gy` &&
IaoXr H$aVmZm Pmcocr YwidS>, S>oadU òWrc Q>Q>{damoYr qhgH$ H$madm`m Am{U ~XZm_rH$maH$
_mohr_ `m gm`mZm lr_hmamO I~ranUo Vm|S> XoV hmoVo. AJrH$V gX>JwH$mOm_ò lrgX>Jw$`mM
AmerdmXmZo Am{U nmR>~im_wio è {_iyZ A{V_V: lrgXJw$MmM _{h_m dmT>Uma Amho Agm
lr_hmamOmMm R>m_ {dmg hmoVm.
lr_hmamO gX>Jw$ lr~m~mZm dmadma mWZm H$arV hmoVo H$s, AmnU AmVm naV O_ KoD$Z `m
Am{U ZdcmMr Jmo> Aer H$s, lr_hmamOm`m namH$moQ>r`m Jw^$s_wio EH$ A` e$s chmZ
~mcH$m`m $nmV lr_hmamOm^modVr `mM H$mcmdYrV dmdaV hmoVr. lr_hmamO `m ~mc_yVucm
"JUamO' Ago g~mo{YV AgV Am{U Amn`m AdVr^dVr ~mccrcm H$aUm`m JUamOmer lr_hmamO
H$mVwH$mZo ~mocV AgV.
lr_hmamO `m JUam`mgmR>r _{XamV Zoh_r OodU, XyY, Ho$ir R>odm`cm gmJm`Mo Am{U hr
O~m~Xmar _moX H$aH$ao `m`mH$S>o gmon{dcocr hmoVr. godoH$ar _moX H$aH$ao, lr.~mUmdcr Aem
H$mhr _moO`m `$sZmM ho JUamO lr_hmamOm`m H$noZo nmhmVm òV hmoVo. _m A` H$moUmcm `mMo
ApVd OmUdcoM Va Vo lr_hmamOm`m lrJUam`mer hmoUm`m gdmXmVyZM. lr_hmamO gòcm
~gco H$s ho JUamO Amn`m ~mo~S>m ~mocmZr lr_hmamOmOdi nir, nMnm, VmhZ dV:gmR>r
_mJy cmJV. _J lr_hmamO `m ~mc_yVuMr g_OyV H$mT>V AgV, ""Vy _m`mgmaIm Xoh YmaU H$$Z
ò, _J _r VwPr _wO H$arZ d _J Vwcm g`m H$am`cm {_ioc.''
lr_hmamOmZr Xoh R>od`mnydu EH$-XrS> df AmYr `m `$ d$nmVrc JUam`mZr A`$ hmoD$Z
lr_hmamOm`m XohmV doe Ho$cm.
d`m`m gmarOdi nmohmoMco`m lr_hmamOmZr A{Znarjo`m `m H$mimVM S>oadU Am{U nwUo
`m Xmohr {R>H$mUr {d{dY H$m`H$_mMm YS>mH$m cmdcocm hmoVm. Xmohr WmZmVrc gU-g_ma^,
Cgd, {d{dY MS> ~mYH$m_o, OZgodo`m ZdZ`m `moOZm Omo_mZo hmVr KoVco`m hmo`m. nw`m`m
JwH$nm B_maVrMo ^` ~mYH$m_ Ogo gw$ hmoVo, `mM_mUo S>oadU òWo `mM H$R>rU H$mimV {edg>rMr
{Z{_Vr gw$ hmoVr. {edgQ>r hm _hmH$n hmoVm Am{U `mgmR>r gd Am{WH$ O~m~Xmar ^$lo>
H$_cmH$anV dmcmdcH$a `m`mda Q>mH$`mV Amcr hmoVr. 1980-81 gmcr ~mYH$m_ `dgm`mV
Amco`m _Xr`m nm^y_rda, lr.dmcmdcH$a `mZmhr {edg>rgmR>r nemMm AmoK A~m{YV R>odUo
H$R>rU OmV hmoVo. _m `mMohr _ZmoY` lr_hmamOm_mUoM A{dMc hmoVo.
a$Xm~, _Yw_oh, ~H$mo>Vm Aem {dH$mamZr lr_hmamOm`m XohmV MMwdoe Ho$cm hmoVm. _m
Varhr lr_hmamOmMm `m {dH$mamda nyU Vm~m hmoVm. EH$Xm lr_hmamOm`m VòVrMr nyU VnmgUr
H$a`mgmR>r `mZm gdmZr amOr Ho$co. lr.dmcmdcH$agmho~, lr.AemoH$amd Omoer, S>m.A`wV Omoer
Ago gd OU lr_hmamOmZm nw`m`m "$~r Z{gJ hmo_'_ò KoD$Z Joco. gd Vnmg`m Pm`m, nyU
~mS>r H$qZJ Ho$co, _|Xy , X`, {H$S>Zr Aem gd Vnmg`m Pm`m. gmoZmoJm\$s Pmcr. naVw H$moR>oM
Xmof AmT>icm Zmhr. gd Vnmg`m ZH$mam_H$ Am`m.
gZ 1986`m {Xdmir`m {Xder cS >ewJa 425 n`V dmT>cr. gm_m` _mUyg Aem AdWoV
~oew hmoVmo. _m lr_hmamO nyU ewrV hmoVo. gVV VrZ {Xdg Z ImVm{nVm PmonyZ H$mT>co. _òM
EH$Xm AWUmda CRy>Z ~gco Am{U hUmco, ""A{ZrHw$_mamZmo ! `m. ho Oam R>mH$R>rH$ H$$Z m.''
`mZVa S>m.H$me Omoer Am{U S>m.Kmanwao `mZr a$ VnmgUr Ho$cr, Va cS> ewJa 85 da Amcocr
hmoVr. lr_hmamOmZm VnmgUm`m Vk S>mQ>amZr dV:M Jm|YimV nS>mdo, Ago H$ma `mnyduhr
lr_hmamOm`m crco_wio Pmcoco hmoVo. H$Xm{MV Amn`m qMVmVwa ^$mZm {Xcmgm Xo`mgmR>r lr_hmamO
Ago KS>dyZ AmUV AgmdoV.
H$mhr doim lr_hmamO AQ>i ^{d`mg~Yr WmoS>o\$ma ~mocV Am{U `mZo ^$JU `mHy$i hmoD$Z
OmV. EH$Xm JwH$nm B_maVrMo H$m_ gw$ AgVmZm lr_hmamO `m B_maVr`m nm``m MTy>Z da Amco
Am{U g_moa Agco`m nm`m`m hmXmH$S>o ~moQ> XmIdrV hUmco, ""_mPo A`{dYr òWo H$am`Mo ~a
H$m ! _cm `m hmXmV R>odm, Am{U _J H$mnya, MXZ, ~oc, Vwier KmcyZ da _mVr KmcyZ _J da EH$
Kw_Q>r ~mYm.'' lr.AemoH$amdmZr Vmo {df` VoWoM Wm~{dcm.
EH$Xm lr_hmamO, lr.AemoH$amd, dmcmdcH$agmho~, `m_amd {Q>Ho$H$a, `m`m nZr, ~SyeoQ>
OmYd d `m`m nZr, ~mUmdcrgmho~ Aer gd _S>ir ~mocV ~gcr hmoVr. {d{dY Y_mV $T>
Agco`m A`gH$ma nVtMm {df` {ZKmcm. òH$mcm lr_hmamOmZr `mMo _V {dMmaco.
lr.AemoH$amd hUmco H$s A{gH$mamMr nV gdmV MmJcr Amho, H$maU `mcm N>moQ>r OmJm nwaVo
Am{U Vr nwhmnwhm dmnaVm òVo. X\$Z{dYr_wio OmJm H$m`_Mr ASy>Z ~gVo, `m_wio A` Y{_`m`m
X\$Z^y_rgmR>r OmJm {_iUo hr OJâmV S>moHo$XwIr Pmcr Amho. `m doir lr_hmamO hUmco, ""_r
nydu hQ>`m_mUo _mPm CgJ{dYr H$$ ZH$m. _m`m Xohmda A{gH$maM H$am.'' `m {df`mda
nwT>o H$mhr ~mocUo H$moUmcmM e` Pmco Zmhr.
gZ 1983 _ò EH$ {dcjU Jmo> KS>cr. lr.AemoH$amd H$mhr {heo~ XmI{d`mgmR>r
lr_hmamOmH$S>o Amco hmoVo. {heo~ XmIdVmZm lr_hmamO AMmZH$ lr.AemoH$amdmZm hUmco, ""hr
ghr _mPr Zho, hr Vy ImoQ>r ghr Ho$cr Amhog.'' lr.AemoH$amd hUmco, ""_r Am`w`mV H$Yr ImoQ>
dmJcmo Zmhr. {heo~mV \$gdm\$gdr Ho$cr Zmhr. Vw_Mr ImoQ>r ghr _r Ho$cocr Zmhr. Oo AmhoV Vo
{heo~ IaoM AmhoV.'' ho gmao am_mÙ Xwnmar ~mam dmOon`V MmcyM hmoVo. AIoarg lr.AemoH$amd
hUmco, ""ho Vw_Mo ngo `m, Am{U _cm _moH$i H$am ! _r òWyZ {ZKyZ OmVmo !''
VodT>mV lr.~mimgmho~ H$mOaoH$a VoWo Amco Am{U Vmo {df` ~mOyg nS>cm. lr.AemoH$amd
lr_hmamOm`m ~g`m`m OmJo`m ~mOyg Agco`m ~mH$mda ~gco hmoVo. ~mOycm lr.~mimgmho~
236 && MV`gy` &&
~gcoco hmoVo.
AMmZH$ lr_hmamOmZr AemoH$amdmZm {dMmaco, ""_r _mPm nm` Vw`m _mS>rda R>odcm Va H$m`
hmoBc
?'' AemoH$amd hUmco, ""H$mhr Zmhr, R>do m !'' `m doir `mZr Amncm COdm nm` AemoH$amdm`m
_mS>rda R>odcm Am{U hUmco, ""AJR>m Ya !'' AemoH$amdmZr CO`m hmVmZo `m`m nm`mMm AJR>m
nH$S>cm. 5-7 {_{ZQ>o lr_hmamO EH$Q>H$ {Zc ZOaoZo AemoH$amdmH$S>o nmhmV hmoVo. _J `mZr
Amncm nm` H$mTy>Z KoVcm d Mhm _mJ{dcm. Mhm KoV`mda lr.AemoH$amdmZr {dMmaco, ""Ammm ho
AmnU H$m` Ho$coV ?'' lr_hmamO hUmco, ""_mPr e$s _r Vw`mV gH${_V Ho$cr Amho. AmO Vwcm
H$mhrM OmUdUma Zmhr. _m hiyhiy Ogo VwPo eara ew Am{U gj_ hmoBc, earamVrc gd Aew
{ZKyZ OmBc, Vohm Vr e$s Vw`mV {_giyZ OmBc.'' ho EdT>o ~mocUo Pmco Am{U _J AemoH$amdmZr
hiyM {dMmaco, ""`m ghrMo H$m` ?'' `mda _Z_wamX hgV lr_hmamO hUmco, ""Aao _r VwPr
J_V Ho$cr. VwP _Z ~KV hmoVmo. AmVm VwP {ZXm}{fd Q>n nonada {chZ XoD$ H$m` ?''
"_r òWyZ {ZKyZ OmVmo' Ago hUUm`m H$moUmhr _mUgmcm lr_hmamOmZr jUâmgmR>rgwm
Wm~dco ZhVo; naVw AemoH$amdm`m ~m~VrV _m hm AndmX EH$XmM Zho Va XmoZ doim Pmcm
hmoVm. darc gJmZVa XmoZ-VrZ dfmZr hUOo 1985-86 gmcr KS>cocr hr KQ>Zm.
XwnmaMr doi hmoVr. OodUmMr doi Pmcr hmoVr. lr_hmamOmMr VòV `m doir VodT>rer ~ar
ZhVr. `mZm mg hmoD$ Zò hUyZ gd OU AJXr `m`m H$cmZo hiwdmanUo dmJyZ gd Jmo>r H$arV
AgV. `m_mUo, ""nmZo `m`Mr H$m ?'' Ago AemoH$amdmZr OmD$Z {dMmaco. `mZr hmo hQ>co
hUyZ nmZo KoD$Z Pmcr. "Oodm`cm Mcm' Ago gmJm`cm Jo`mda lr_hmamO hUmco, ""Vwhr Oodm,
_cm Oam doi Amho.'' gd OU gH$moMy cmJco, Vohm AmV òD$Z hUmco, ""Vwhr gwdmV H$am. Vw_M
Pm`m{edm` _r H$mhr OodUma Zmhr.'' VohmM gdmZm H$mhr Var doJim H$ma Agmdm Ago dmQ>co.
_m lr_hmamOm`m Amko_mUo gdmZr KmBKmBZo OodUo AmQ>moncr.
lr_hmamO ~mhoa IwMuda ~gcoco hmoVo. Xwnmar g\$mB, PmS>cmoQ> H$aUm`m r-nwf H$m_JmamZr
Amnco H$m_ gw$ Ho$co hmoVo. AMmZH$ lr_hmamOmZr AemoH$ Ymoo dJao H$m_JmamZm ~mocmdyZ KoVco
Am{U H$m_mda C{eam Am`m~c `mZm gVmnyZ ~mocy cmJco. H$m_JmamZr AmnU doiodaM òD$Z
H$m_ gw$ Ho$co Amho, Ago gmJ`mMm `Z Ho$cm. naVw lr_hmamO H$moUmMoM EoHy$Z KoV ZhVo.
jUmjUmcm amJmMm nmam MT>V hmoVm. H$moUr _òM n>rH$aU XoD$ Ho$`mg A{YH$M gVmnV hmoVo.
""ho dH$emn AmVm ~X Ho$co nm{hOo. ho AmVm ZrQ> H$m_ H$arV Zmhr. ho AmVm {~KS>co Amho. ho AmVm
~XM H$$Z Q>mH$Vmo,'' Ago dmadma hUV hmoVo. BVa doir "MwH$cmo' Ago hUyZ j_m`mMZm Ho$br H$s
`mMm amJ cJoM emV hmoB. naVw `m {Xder _m H$moUVrM _mm MmcoZm. `mM doir `moJm`moJmZo
_w~BhZ VoWo lr.~mOramd {Q>Ho$H$a Am{U lr.{dH$mgamd dmcmdcH$a ho Amco. naVw Varhr dmVmdaUmV
~Xc hmoBZm. `m gm`m H$mamV Vmg-XrS> Vmg Jocm. eodQ>r ho gmao nmhZ AemoH$amd nwT>o Pmco.
`mZr Yra H$$Z {dMmaco, ""_r AmUIr H$m` H$amd Aer Amncr Anojm Amho ? _mP H$mhr MwH$V
Amho H$m` ? H$mhr gwYmaUm H$am``m AmhoV H$m ?'' `mda Vo H$mhrM ~mocco ZmhrV, _m "ho AmVm
~X H$$Z Q>mH$Vmo' dJao MmcyM hmoVo. "dH$emn ~X H$aVmo' hUOo "Xoh`mJ H$aVmo' hm lr_hmamOmMm
J{^V Bemam cjmV KoD$Z lr.{dH$mgamd Aly T>miy cmJco. naVw Varhr lr_hmamOmMo _Z XdoZm.
AIoarg lr.AemoH$amd `m`mOdi OmD$Z {ZYmamZo hUmco, ""_m`m_wio AmnUmcm `m Aem
AmOmanUmV mg hmoVmo Amho ho _cm nmhmdV Zmhr. _r H$moR>o Var H$_r nS>Vmo` ! `mMm AmnUmcm mg
hmoVmo` ! Vohm AmnU _cm gw>r m. _r AmVm Kar naV OmVmo.'' _m ho EoH$`mda Vo hUmco, ""Vy Oa
Jocmg Va _r `m IwMuVyZ CR>Umagwm Zmhr. `m IwMuVM ~gyZ Xoh`mJ H$arZ.'' JwVm gwQ>`mEodOr
dmT>cm hmoVm.
AIoarg lr.~mOramd {Q>Ho$H$a AemoH$amdmZm hUmco, H$s Vwhr OmUma Zmhr Ago `mZm gmJyZ
Q>mH$m. AemoH$amdmZr AmnU OmV Zg`mMo gm{JVco `mda lr_hmamO hUmco, ""Ag Zmhr ! _r
òWyZ Am`w`â OmUma Zmhr, Ag hU !'' _J AemoH$amdmZr `mZm hd hmoV Vg {Z:g{XY
eXmV, ""CdarV Am`w`mV _r ho WmZ gmoSy>Z OmUma Zmhr,'' Ago gm{JVco Am{U _J lr_hmamO
emV Pmco, AmZ{XV Pmco. `mZr noT>o _mJdyZ gdmZm dmQ>co. _J Mhm-nmoho Pmco. XmoZ-VrZ VmgmMo
VUmdnyU ZmQ> AIoa Ago AmZXmV gnco.
gZ 1987 `m Xa`mZ lr_hmamOmZm _moVrq~XyMm mg hmoD$ cmJcm hmoVm. _moVrq~XyMr e{H$`m
Ver _moR>r Zho. naVw `m doir A_o[aHo$V EH$ ZdrZ nVrZo _moVrq~XyMr e{H$`m H$arV Am{U
^maVmV Vr nV VodT>r icocr ZhVr. `m nVrZo e{H`m H$a`mgmR>r lr_hmamOmZm A_o[aHo$cm
`mdo Aer lr.dmcmdcH$agmho~ AmXr ^$_S>itMr BN>m hmoVr. lr.dmcmdcH$agmho~mMr Jw{Z>m
AJXr ~mdZH$er hmoVr. OJmV OoOo gdm}m_ CncY Amho VoVo gX>Jw$`m MaUr {dZ_ ^mdmZo AnU
H$amdo Aer Amg `mZm cmJyZ am{hcocr Ago.
lr.dmcmdcH$agmho~mMm hm ^md {H$Vr {Z_i, {H$Vr {dZ_ hmoVm `m{df`rMr EH$ h{H$H$V
~arM ~mocH$s Amho. EH$Xm lr_hmamO dmhoacm {ZKmco hmoVo. gmo~V gmho~ Amn`m cmc {\$`mQ>
JmS>rVyZ gma` H$arV hmoVo. dmQ>oV JmS>rMr ~Q>ar ZmXwV Pmcr. {IemV nwaogo ngo ZhVo hUyZ
gmho~mZr ~Q>arMr Amd`H$ VodT>r XwVr H$$Z KoVcr. dmg gwI$n nmahr nS>cm. naVw gmho~mZm
_m `m gJmMr AmR>dU Pmcr H$s IV dmQ>m`Mr. ""lr_hmamO JmS>rVyZ dmg H$arV AgVmZm, Iao
Va _r hmVmVrc AJR>r {dHy$Z Zdr ~Q>arM ~gdm`cm hdr hmoVr. Amnco `m doir \$maM MwH$co,''
`m {dMmamZo gmho~ AdW hmoV AgV.
gX>Jw$`m MaUr dV:gh `mZo gdd AnU Ho$co Amho Aem gMm ^$mcmM Aem H$maMr
238 && MV`gy` &&
Q>moMUr cmJVo.
AerM Q>moMUr lr.AemoH$amdmZmhr cmJcocr Ago. 1972 gmcr EH$Xm _{XamV XeZmgmR>r
Amco AgVmZm Y_mW noQ>rV AnU H$a`mgmR>r `mZr {IemVyZ ngo H$mT>co. XmoZ $n`m`m XmoZ ZmoQ>m
hmo`m. `mVrc EH$ ~`mnH$s H$moar Va Xwgar _icocr hmoVr. hr _icocr ZmoQ> noQ>rV Q>mHy$Z Vo
`mZmgmR>r ~gco Va `mZmH$S>o cjM cmJoZm ! gX>Jw$Zm Oo AnU H$am`Mo Vo Amn`mOdirc
gdm}m_ Agoc VoM AnU H$amdo. AmnU jwnUm Ho$cm `m {dMmamZo Vo AdW Pmco. AIoarg Vr
Xwgar H$moar ZmoQ> Oohm noQ>rV AnU Ho$cr Vohm `mZm dWVm cm^cr.
ho Ago gV{e` EH$ òD$Z `mZr lr_hmamOmZm A_o[aHo$V ZoD$Z VoWoM e{H$`m H$a`mMo
R>a{dco Am{U AmOdo H$$Z lr_hmamOmZm `m ~oVmg amOr H$a{dco. `m chmZem e{H$ògmR>r
A_o[aHo$cm Om`mMr EdT>r XJXJ H$emcm H$aVm Ago H$moUrVar {dMmacogwm ! `mda lr_hmamO
hUmco, ""Aao gJio H$mhr Amn`m _ZmZo, Amn`mgmR>rM H$am`Mo ZgVo. S>mo`mMo AmnaoeZ Z
H$aVmhr _cm amhm`cm AmdS>co AgVo. nU Amn`mda OrdmnmS> o_ H$aUm`m`m BN>oMmhr _mZ
R>odmdm cmJVmo.''
Aem OrdmnmS> o_ H$aUm`m Am{U OnUm`m AmR>-Xhm _mUgmZm gmo~V KoD$Z lr_hmamO
A_o[aHo$Vrc pchcS> òWo 22-23 {Xdg am{hco hmoVo. gmo~V lr.dmcmdcH$agmho~, do._y.lr.go
JwOr, S>m.A`wV Omoer, lr.~SyeoQ> OmYd Aer _S>ir hmoVr. {edm` gm._mcyVmB dmcmdcH$a,
gm.OmYd Aem H$mhr ^{JZrhr hmo`m. hr A_o[aH$mdmar AZoH$ >rZo g_aUr` Pmcr. e{H$`m
`dpWV PmcrM. {edm` lr_hmamOmZr Amn`m Acm{H$H$ gm_`m`m AZoH$ IwUm VoWo XmI{d`m.
lr.dmcmdcH$agmho~ gmJV AgV H$s, `m dmar_mJo lr_hmamOmMm Coe Ho$di dH$s` CnMma
EdT>mM Zgmdm. lr_hmamO pchcS> gmoSy>Z H$moR>ohr Joco ZhVo; naVw `mZr A_o[aH$Z am>m`jmMr
ôQ> Pm`mMo gm{JVco. dmqeQ>Z ehamMo Am{U A`j aoJZ `mMo dUZ AJXr g{dVanUo Ho$co.
`mnojm A{YH$ _m{hVr _m {Xcr Zmhr.
lr_hmamO Amn`m Zoh_r`m doe^yfoV VoWo dmdaco; naVw Varhr `m`m `{$_dm`m ^mdm_wio
gnH$mV Amcoco gmao OU `m`mH$S>o nmhmVmZm {deof {d^yVr Ag`mMo OmUdyZ `mZm A{^dmXZ
H$arV. AJXr Q>grdm`mgmaIm gdgm_m` _mUyg `mZm "g|Q>'(gV) hUyZM A{^dmXZ H$ar.
A_o[aHo$Vrc dmV`mVhr lr_hmamO H$YrH$Yr gVmnV. _m Aem doir lr.go JwOr Amn`m
KZJ^ra AmdmOmV _nR>U gw$ H$arV Am{U lr_hmamO emV hmoV AgV. lr_Vr _mcyVmB
dmcmdcH$amZr `m A_o[aH$mdmarVrc EH$m JyT> AZw^dm{df`rMr AmR>dU gm{JVcr Amho. Iyn nydu
EH$Xm _mcyVmBZm EH$ dZ nS>co hmoVo. Vo dZhr JyT>M hmoVo. S>m|~m`mMm Ioi Mmcy Amho. S>m|~m`mMr
_wcJr Vmaoda H$gaV H$arV Amho. ^modVr O_co`m JXuV dmcmdcH$agmho~ Am{U lr_hmamO Cô
AmhoV. Vr S>m|~m`mMr _wcJr Xwgar {Vgar H$moUr ZgyZ Iw _mcyVmBM AmhoV. lr_hmamOmZm Am{U
gmho~mZm nmhZ, Ioi Q>mHy$Z _mcyVmB `m`mH$S>o YmdV òVmV, Va ho XmoKo AmoiI Z XmIdVm {ZKyZ
OmVmV. _mcyVmB _J {Zame _Z:pWVrV Odi EH$ YaUmMm _moR>m Ocme` AgVmo VoWo Ord Xo`mgmR>r
YmdV OmVmV.
ho dZ lr_hmamOmZm gmJyZ _mcyVmBZr `mMm AW {dMmacm hmoVm; naVw `m doir lr_hmamOmZr
\$$ p_V hm` H$$Z Vmo {df` Q>micm hmoVm. `m A_o[aH$mdmar`m doir EH$m {R>H$mUr JmS>rVyZ
OmVmZm dZmV {Xgcm VgmM Ocme` Am{U VgoM WmZ nmhZ ho AmnU nydu H$YrVar nm{hco Amho
Ago {dMma `m`m _ZmV òD$ cmJco. `m AmR>{d`mMm `Z H$arV AgVmZm lr_hmamOmZr _mJo
diyZ {dMmaco, ""H$m` J _mcy, AmoiIcog ?'' Vohm _mcyVmBZm Vo dZ cInUo AmR>dco.
Iw dmcmdcH$agmho~mZm `m dmar`m doir lr_hmamOm`m Agr_ gm_`mMm `` EH$m
{dcjU KQ>ZoZo Amcm. AWmVM ho ^m` gmho~mZm `m`m lr_hmamOmdarc nyU lo_wio, nyU
{ddmgm_wio, gXohmVrV dmr_wio cm^co hmoVo.
EH$ {Xdg gmho~mZm Amn`m H$mhr VmVS>r`m H$m_mgmR>r _w~Bcm naV òUo Amd`H$ hmoVo
hUyZ Vo Zoh_r`m nVr_mUo lr_hmamOmH$S>o {ZamonmMm gmX Ko`mgmR>r Joco. naVw lr_hmamO
{Zamon Xo`mEodOr ~mocVM ~gco. lr_hmamO gdk. {d_mZmMr doi Pmcr Amho ho `mZm H$go
gmJUma ? amhm`m`m {R>H$mUmhZ pchcS>Mm {d_mZVi 8-10 _c Xya hmoVm. VoWyZ {d_mZ
nH$Sy>Z `y`mH$cm Om`Mo Am{U VoWyZ Xwg`m {d_mZmZo _w~Bcm Om`Mo. pchcS>Mo {d_mZ MwH$co
AgVo Va nwT>Mo {d_mZhr MwH$co AgVo Am{U doioda Z nmohmoM`m_wio _w~BV _moR>o ZwH$gmZ gmogmdo
cmJco AgVo. nU ho _hmamOmZm gmJ`mMo Y` H$moUmOdihr ZhVo.
eodQ>r lr_hmamOm`m XeZmgmR>r Amcoco lr.gw.J.eodS>o {d_mZVimda nwT>o Joco Am{U `mZr
~mo{S>J nmg KoD$Z R>odcm. BH$S>o lr_hmamOmZr AIoarg gmho~mZm {Zamon {Xcm Am{U _J gmho~
VmVS>rZo {d_mZVimda Amco. {d_mZ VrZ dmOVm gwQ>Uma hmoVo. gmho~ {d_mZVimda nmohmoMco Vohm
VrZ dmOyZ drg {_{ZQ>o Pmcr hmoVr. {VH$sQ> H$mCQ>a ~X Pmcm hmoVm. {d_mZmMo XadmOo ~X Pmco hmoVo.
EH$Xm XadmOo ~X Pm`mda nwhm H$moUmgmR>r Vo CKS>co OmV ZmhrV. lr.dmcmdcH$agmho~mZr `m
H$mCQ>adarc A{YH$m`mcm WmoS>`mV Amncr h{H$H$V gmJyZ {d_mZmMo C>mU Wm~dyZ Ya`mg
gm{JVco Am{U gX>Jw$darc AT>i {Z>oMm {dO` Pmcm. {d_mZmMo XadmOo CKSy>Z gmho~mZm AmV
Ko`mV Amco Am{U _JM {d_mZ gwQ>co. ""V`mMo gmoZo Ioio {d gmao&'' `mMm nS>Vmim òD$Z
gmho~mZr _ZmV`m _ZmV lr_hmamOmZm gm>mJ {UnmV Ho$cm.
Ho$di ^$m`m BN>ocm _mZ XoD$Z lr_hmamO A_o[aHo$cm OmD$Z Amco Iao; naVw `mZr AmVm
Xoh`mJmMm {dMma Amn`m _Zmer n$m Ho$cm Agmdm. AmnUM {Z{_co`m `m ngm`mVyZ hcHo$M
240 && MV`gy` &&
AmnUmcm _moH$io H$$Z KoUo `mZr gw$ Ho$co hmoVo. H$Vr {Xdg|{Xdg jrU hmoV hmoVr. ImUo-{nUo
H$_r Ho$co hmoVo. gdmV H$R>rU Jmo> hmoVr Vr Amn`m {` ^$JUm`m _m`mnmemVyZ _w$ hmoUo.
lr_hmamOmZr a$m`m Zm`mMm JmoVmdim Amn`m^modVr H$YrM dmJdcm ZhVm; naVw lr_hmamOmMm
{e` n[adma hoM `mMo Iao Am-gwX hmoVo.
lr.a_oe noR>o ho nw`mVrc ^$ EH$Xm lr_hmamOm`m XeZmgmR>r Amco hmoVo. `m doir lr_hmamO
`m`m JmdmhZ Amco`m EH$m Odi`m ZmVodmBH$mer ~mocV hmoVo hUyZ noR>o VoWo Wm~`mgmR>r
WmoS>o {~MHy$ cmJco; nU _hmamOmZr `mZm VoWoM ~mH$mda ~gdyZ KoVco. Vo ZmVodmBH$ JhW Jo`mda
lr_hmamO noR>|Zm Odi ~mocmdyZ hUmco, ""Aao, ho H$gco _mPo ZmVodmBH$ ? _mPo Iao ZmVodmBH$,
{Odm^mdmMo Zohr hUOo VwhrM gmao OU AmhmV !'' lr_hmamOmMo ho ~mocUo EoHy$Z a_oeamdmZm
Ajae: J{hd$Z Amco.
`m AIoa`m ndmV _m lr_hmamOmZr Amncm cmoH$gnH$ OmUrdnydH$ H$_r H$arV AmUcm.
lr_hmamOmZm ôQ>m`cm Zoh_rM _mUgmMr arK cmJcocr Ago. `m_ò g_mOmVrc gd VamVrc
gd H$maMo cmoH$ AgV. H$moUr Ho$di XeZmgmR>r Vi_irZo Amcocm Ago, H$moUr Amncr mn{MH$
Xw:Io _hmamOmZm gmJyZ H$mhr Var _mJXeZ {_imdo hUyZ Amcocm Ago, H$moUr H$mhr _XV {_imdr
hUyZ Amcocm Ago. gmdO{ZH$ jomV dmdaUmar AZoH$ _mUgo H$Yr dmW, H$Yr na_mW gmY`mgmR>r
lr_hmamOmH$S>o òV AgV. `m`m`m`m `mo`Vo_mUo ~hVoH$ gmao OU gVw> hmoD$ZM ~mhoa nS>V
AgV; naVw AmVm lr_hmamOM {ZJhmZo `m ôQ>rJmR>r Q>miy cmJco. A{YH$m{YH$ doi EH$mVdmgmV
Kmcdy cmJco. AZoH$mZm Vo Amn`mcm _{Vê Pmcm Amho Ago ^mgdyZ Xya R>ody cmJco.
hiyhiy lr_hmamOmZr Amnco OodU H$_r H$arV AmUco. H$Yr M_`mZo dV: Mma Kmg ImV;
H$Yr _mYdamd H$mOaoH$a JmoS>rJwcm~rZo âdrV AgV. lr_hmamO ImocrVyZ \$mago ~mhoahr nS>V
ZgV. gm`H$mir _moQ>marV ~gdyZ AemoH$amd `mZm WmoS>o ~mho$Z {\$adyZ AmUV. `m doir nw`m`m
{d_mZVimda hdmB m`{jHo$ Mmcy hmoVr. "{_J 29' hr {d_mZo hdmBXbmV ZwH$VrM Amcocr hmoVr.
hr m`{jHo$ nmhm`mV lr_hmamOmMo _Z aJZy Om`Mo. hUyZ ~`mM doim `mZm JmS>rVyZ {d_mZVimdaM
Zoco Om`Mo. nU EH$ {Xdg lr_hmamO hUmco, ""AmO H$mOcm OmD !'' hUyZ gd OU H$mOcm
Amco. H$mOcm Jo`mda hUmco, ""AOyZ nwT>o OmD$ `m, nmocmXnyan`V !'' hUyZ gdOU nmocmXnyacm
Amco. VoWo Am`mda hUmco, ""AmVm S>oadUcm OmD$ `m !''
gmao OU amoO`m_mUo Ho$di AJmda`m H$nS>m{Zer {ZKmco hmoV.o ~amo~a ngho r ZhVo. lr_hmamO
Ho$di AYu M>r Am{U gX`mda hmoV.o naVw `m`m BN>o _mUo JmS>r S>ao dUcm Amcr. Vmo {edO`VrMm
AmXcm {Xdg hmoVm. lr_hmamOm`m Vo nyUn Uo cjmV hmoV.o "_mPo gmao ~miJmonmi VoWo O_co AgVrc'
`m EH$m {dMmamZo Vem {dH$cmJ pWVrV lr_hmamO S>ao dUcm XmIc Pmco. Amn`m ^$mZm ôQ>c.o
CgdmV AmZXmZo ZmMco. ^$mZr Xmohr ~mOZy r AmYma {Xcm Amho, hmVmV H$mR>r Amho, Xoh OamOOa
Pmcm Amho Am{U Moham _m AmZXmZo \w$ccocm Amho Ago `m doiMo N>m`m{M _moR>o ~mocHo$ Amho. XmoZVrZ {Xdg lr_hmamO S>ao dUcm Wm~co hmoV.o `m doir Vo hUmco hmoVo H$s, ho WmZ _moR>o hmoUma Amho !
Vwhr gmao ~miJmonmi òWo AmZXmZo Ioimc ! _r _m Vohm ZgoZ !
Vr lr_hmamOmMr eodQ>Mr S>oadU ôQ> R>acr. d`m`m ~mam`m dfmnmgyZ {edg>rMo dZ `mZr
nm{hco hmoVo. AZoH$ gH$Q>mZm Y`mZo Vm|S> XoV Vo gmH$ma Ho$co hmoVo. `mgmR>r \$ma _moR>o _moc `mZr {Xco
hmoVo. "ho WmZ _moR>o hmoUma Amho' ho `mMoM eX hmoVo. `m_wio Vo g`mV òUmaM hmoVo Am{U Vo Vgo
Amcogwm ! `m Aem WmZmMm AIoaMm {Zamon Ko`mgmR>r lr_hmamO Amco hmoVo.
S>oadUhZ Am`mda nYam {XdgmVM _mVmoltMo lm M ew && 7 `m {VWrcm hmoVo. lr_hmamOmZr
`m {Xder go JwOtZm gm{JVco, ""JwOr, AmVm BWo gJ`mcm ~mY Kmcm`Mm ! `mZVa H$mhr
H$am`M Zmhr !'' lm{dYr Pmcm Zmhr. `m dfu Jwnm{U_mgwm Pmcr Zmhr. lr_hmamOm`m jrU
Pmco`m VòVr{df`r H$nZm Agcoco Am{U Zgcoco AZoH$ ^$ XeZ Ko`m`m BN>oZo _{XamV
Amco hmoVo. _m {_{ZQ>-XmoZ {_{ZQ> XeZ Ko`mMrM _w^m gd ^$_S>itZm {Xcocr hmoVr. gmaoM OU
XeZ KoD$Z _yH$nUo H$mhr doi Wm~yZ naVV hmoVo.
lr~m~m`m O`Vr CgdmgmR>r Zoh_r_mUo cmoH$ AmX`m {XdgmnmgyZ O_m Pmco hmoVo. dmVmdaUmV
Zoh_rMm Chmg AgUo e` ZhVo; naVw H$V`^mdZoZo Cgd H$aUo Amd`H$ hmoVo. gH$mir
gdmMr ZmZo dJao Pmcr. Zm__aU Pmco Am{U _J AMmZH$ gd emVVm ngacr.
lr~m~m`m O`Vr Cgdm`m H$sVZmcm AmnU òV AmhmV Zm ? Ago {dMmam`cm lr.go JwOr
Joco Vohm gwdmVrcm, ""hmo, òVmo !'' Ago hUmco. _J _m Cgd H$moUr Ho$cm ? H$emgmR>r H$aVm` ?
H$m` H$aVm` ? Ago ~mocy cmJco. _J Cgd H$a`mgM nadmZJr ZmH$macr. gmao O_coco ^$JU
qMVmVwa _ZmZo Kar naVco. òWyZ nwT>o _J gmaoM H$m`H$_ ~X nS>co. {Xdg|{Xdg VòV OmV jrU
hmoV hmoVr. gm`m _{Xa n[agamVrc MV` hanco hmoVo. AmXm{g` ^$Z am{hco hmoVo.
eodQ>Mo H$mhr _{hZo lr_hmamOmZr dmMm gnyU `mJ Ho$cm hmoVm. `m dfu ({S>g|~a 1988 OmZodmar 1989) A{Ve` H$S>m`mMr WS>r nS>cr hmoVr. Vmn_mZ 4 Vo 5 {S>Jrn`V CVacoco hmoVo.
naVw lr_hmamO Aem H$S>m`m`m WS>rV amr PmonVmZmXoIrb AJmda nmK$U KoV ZgV.
lr.dmcmdcH$agmho~m`m gyMZo_mUo `m`m ImocrV {hQ>a ~g{dcm hmoVm. Vmo amr hiyM Mmcy
Ho$cm Var Vo Vmo _J ~X H$$Z Q>mH$m`Mo. H$mhrH$mhr doim AWUmMm `mJ H$$Z WS> \$aerda
Pmoncoco AgV.
VemM AdWoV _{XamV Am{U n[agamV Vo hiyhiy XmoZ-VrZ doim {\$$Z òV. A KoUo EdT>o
H$_r Ho$co hmoVo H$s H$Vr AJXrM jrU Pmcr hmoVr; naVw AmYmamgmR>r H$moUr hmV Yacocm MmcV
242 && MV`gy` &&
Zgo. hUyZ _J `m`m Xmohr ~mOyZo AemoH$amd, _mYdamd, Iweram_ Ago H$moUrVar A{Ve`
XjVoZo nU `mZm ne Z H$aVm MmcV AgV.
`m AIoa`m {XdgmV EImm {Xder lr_hmamO gH$mir CR>`mCR>`m {dMmam`Mo, ""Aao ho H$m` ?
AmO _cm emioV H$moUr AmUyZ R>odc ?'' qH$dm EImm {Xder hUm`Mo, ""`m ZD$ Z~a`m
dmS>_ò _r EH$Q>mM H$gm ? ~mH$sMo noeQ> Hw$R>o Joco ?'' _J gmam {Xdg `mM {df`mda ~mocV
amhm`Mo. EH$Xm ^mD$ H$mOaoH$amZm hUmco, ""Vwhr BH$S>o Hw$R>o ? gH$mir S>oadUcm Jocmo, Va VoWo
Vwhr OodU H$arV hmoVmV. Ammm òWohr AmhmV. Vw_Mr XmoZXmoZ $n AmhoV H$s H$m` ?''
dada nmhVm EImmcm dmQ>oc H$s AIoa`m H$mimV H$Vr Adm`m_wio lr_hmamOmZm "^_'
Pmcm hmoVm. naVw lr_hmamOmZr hm Omo Ioi _mS>cm hmoVm `mMm hoVy \$$ `mZmM _mhrV. aZm{JarhZ
Amco`m eaXamd H$moH$OoZm lr_hmamOm`m XeZmgmR>r Ho$di nmM {_{ZQ>o `m`m ImocrV Om`mMr
nadmZJr {_imcr hmoVr. AmV OmVmM, "ò eaX' Ago hUyZ ~g`mMr IyU Ho$cr. Xhm {_{ZQ>o ~mocV
hmoVo. "`m doir Vo H$m` ~mocV hmoVo ho AmnUmcm C_Jco Zmhr, H$maU Vo _m`m AmH$cZmncrH$S>Mo
hmoVo, _m OmVmZm AmdOyZ _cm OodyZ Om`mg gm{JVco,' Ago eaXamd gmJVmV. `mMmM AW Agm
H$s lr_hmamO _mZ{gH$Q>m nyUnUo gVH$ hmoVo.
EH$Xm AemoH$amd, _mYdamd Aem amoO`m godoVrc {e`mZm dmQ>co H$s lr_hmamOmZm e{$dYH$
BOoeZ {Xco Va `mZm WmoS>r e$s òBc. ho gJio doS>m _mònmoQ>r Amcoco {dMma hmoVo. S>m.A`wV
OmoetZm Vgo {dMma`mda Vo hUmco, ""_hmamO H$m` hUVmV Vo nmh.'' lr_hmamOmZr hmoH$ma {Xcm
hUyZ Vgo EH$ BOoeZ S>mQ>amZr {Xco.
BOoeZ XoD$Z Pm`mda Vo H$mQ>`m AJXr H$S>oda OmD$Z ~gco. AY} eara H$mQ>da Va AY}
H$mQ>`m ~mhoa ! AmfYmMm n[aUm_ OmBn`V gVV A>oMmirg Vmg Vo VgoM ~gyZ hmoVo. `mZm Pmon
cmJcr Va Vo Imcr nS>Vrc `m ^rVrZo AemoH$amd Am{U _mYdamd AmirnmirZo A>oMmirg Vmg
XjVoZo ~mOycm Cô hmoVo. _m nwhm H$moUr BOoeZMm AmJh `mZm Ho$cm Zmhr.
AJXr AIoa`m {XdgmV _mS>r`m hmS>mcm EH$ Ho$gmgmaIr ~marH$ Mra (Hair crack) Jocr
hmoVr. `mZm `m_wio Cô amhmVm òUo e` ZhVo. nm` BH$Sy>Z {VH$S>o hc{dVm òV Zgo. Vem
AdWoV Vo AmR>-AmR> Vmg nSy>Z AgV. naVw emar[aH$ doXZmMm _mJ_yghr _wImda H$Yr H$Q> hmoV
Zgo. gd {e` godoH$`mZr dV:`m d{S>cmMr H$amdr Ver qH$dm `mhZhr A{YH$ o_mZo godm
Ho$cr. H$mhr doim {d{jnUo dmJyZ Amn`m {e`mMr `mZr narjmhr KoVcr; naVw e`Vmo H$moUmcm
Amn`m_wio VgXr m`Mr Zmhr Agm lr_hmamOmMm H$Q>mj Ago.
{X. 11 _o 1989 amoOr Jwnw`m_V `moJmda lr.~mimgmho~ H$mOaoH$amZr EH$ nwH$amO IS>mMr
AJR>r Amnco ~Yy lr._mYdamd `mZm ôQ> {Xcr. lr._mYdamdmZr `mM {Xder _{XamV `m AJR>rda
nd_mZmMm A{^foH$ H$adyZ KoVcm d Vr lr_hmamOm`m hmVmV R>odcr. `mZr AJR>r{df`r "H$moUr
AmUcr' dJao MmH$er Ho$cr, ZrQ> `mhmiyZ nm{hcr Am{U dV:`m CO`m hmVm`m ~moQ>mV KmcyZ
""~Km H$er {XgVo ?'' hUV gdmZm XmI{dcr. Vr ZVa AIoan`V `m`mM hmVmV hmoVr.
_hm{ZdmUmnydu H$mhr {Xdg `mZr Xodm`m ImocrVrc H$mcâdmMr Vg~ra H$mTy>Z KoVcr.
nS>mda âVH$m_ Ho$cocr JUoe {V_m hmoVr. `m JUnVrer Vo ~mocV AgV. Vmo nS>Xm H$mTy>Z
R>odcm. ~mhoa IwMuda ~gyZ Vo ^$mZm XeZ XoV `m IwMuda ~gUo gmoSy>Z {Xco. ""_r _mS>cocm Ioi
_rM Amd$Z R>odVmo. AemoH$cm mg ZH$mo. `mcm hdo Agoc Vgo Vmo H$arc. nU _r Ho$co hUyZ
`mZohr VgoM Ho$co nm{hOo, Ago hmoD$ Zò,'' Ago Vo hUmco. `mZVa Vo `m ImocrV PmonV AgV `m
Imocrcm ~mho$Z VrZ X{jUm H$a`mMr BN>m `mZr `$ Ho$cr. `mZr XmoZ X{jUm nyU Ho$`m.
{Vg`m X{jUo`m doir \$maM Vmoc OmD$ cmJcm hUyZ AmYma KoD$Z Vr \o$ar nyU Ho$cr. `mZVa
lr_hmamO Vr Imocr gmoSy>Z ~mhoa Amco ZmhrV.
hiyhiy VòV OmV Imcmdy cmJcr. gwYma`mMr cjUo {XgoZmV. JmdmoJmdr`m ^$mZm {Zamon
Joco. ^$_S>ir Jmoim Pmcr. Mma {Xdgmnydu lr_hmamOmZrM dV: gm{JVco hmoVo, ""Vwhm
^$_S>itgmR>r AmOda ~aoM doim _mJo nwT>o Ho$co. ~m~m, AmVm _cm Amkm m. `m XohmV amhm`cm _r
AmVm V`ma Zmhr. _r hm Xoh gmoS>Uma ho Z$s !'' `m_wio lr~m~m`m _{Xamda Xw:ImMo gmdQ> nS>co
hmoVo. _{XamV O_coco gmao OU gmlwZ`ZmZr ~m~mZmM gmH$S>o KmcV hmoVo. `mVrc `WVm `mZm
g_OV hmoVr; Varhr doS>m AmeoZo ZH$iV hmV OmoS>co OmV hmoVo. S>moio H$moaS>o H$a`mMo {Z\$i `Z
Mmcy hmoVo.
S>m.lrnmX ~mUmdcr Am{U S>m.gwYra Omoer Amnco gd dH$r` H$me` nUmcm cmdyZ CnMmamMr
eW H$arV hmoVo. AmUIrhr H$mhr S>mQ>g `m`m gmhm`mcm hmoVo. a{ddma, {X. 21 _o 1989Mm
{Xdg qMVoZo PmH$moiyZ Jocm hmoVm. Jo`m Mmodrg VmgmV lr_hmamOm`m ncJm^modVr S>mo`mV mU
AmUyZ OmJV Agcocr _S>ir KmoQ>â MhmgmR>rgwm OmJm gmoS>V ZhVr. O_coco ^$ BWo {VWo Cô
amhZ _yH$nUo Zm__aU H$arV hmoVo. dmadma ~m~mMr {dZdUr H$arV hmoVo. naVw H$moR>o AmeoMm {H$aU
{XgV ZhVm.
Xwnmar H$YrVar "_hmamO' Aer S>mQ>amZr `m`m H$mZmer Vm|S> ZoD$Z hcH$s gmX KmVcr Am{U
lr_hmamOmZr hcHo$M nmn`mMr CKS>Pmn H$$Z `mcm {VgmX {Xcm. gdm`m _Zmdarc VmU
H$_r Pmcm. "AmVm Amam_ {_ioc' `m S>mQ>am`m eXmZr gdmZmM {Xcmgm {_imcm. VmUcoco
Mohao gcmdco. H$moUrVar hUmco, "KmoQ>KmoQ> Mhm KoD$ `m !' S>mQ>amZmhr MhmMr JaO hmoVr. hUyZ
`m`mgh cmoH$ Mhm {n`mgmR>r Imocr ~mhoa Joco.
Mhm {nD$Z S>mQ>a naV Amco. `mZr nwhm Vnmgm`cm gwdmV Ho$cr Am{U EH$X_ Vo {ZameoZo
244 && MV`gy` &&
hUmco, ""gnc gma !'' AmeoMm CM Jococm PmoH$m AMmZH$ Imcr òD$Z AmXicm. gmao OU
V{^V Pmco. "gnc gma' `m AZno{jVnUo Amco`m eXmZr jUâ gdoXZm ~Yra Pm`m. nU
lr_hmamO AmVm XohYmar ZmhrV `m H$Qy> dmVdmMr OmUrd hmoVmM ^$m_ò hXH$m \w$Q>cm, S>mo`mVyZ
KiKim Aly dmh cmJco. H$moUr _w$nUo aSy>Z Amnco Xw:I _moH$io Ho$co Va H$moUmcm aS>`mMohr ^mZ
am{hco Zmhr.
"_r Ho$hm OmBZ Vwhmcm H$iUma Zmhr' Ago lr_hmamO EH$Xm hUmco hmoVo. Vo eX `mZr Iao
Ho$co. _mUgm`m JamS>mV gXd a_coco lr_hmamO, eodQ>rhr _mUgm`m JamS>mV hmoVo; naVw Vo
AZmXr AZV gXJw$ d$nr {dcrZ Pmco Vmo Zo_H$m jU `mZr gdmZm Amn`m _mòZo MH$dyZ
EH$Q>mZoM AZw^dcm. demI d&& {VnXm, eH$ 1911; a{ddma, {X. 21 _o 1989 `m {Xder
Xwnmar AX_mgo XmoZ dmOyZ nmg {_{ZQ>mZr lr_hmamOmMr mU`moVr ~d$nmV {dcrZ Pmcr. â
Xwnmar EH$m MV`gy`mMm AV Omhcm !
D D D
A^J
^{$M| _{h_mZ OmUo hZw_mZ& am_^$ nyU {MaOrd&&
gXm ^{$aV, D$d bjrVgo& V`mgt V| {ng| d$nmM|&&
am_$nr {Z` amhr Omo aJmoZ& Zmht Xoh^md O`mbmJr&&
Zd{dYm^{$ OmUo hZw_V& _hme{$ AVw~ir&&
EH$ ^{${dZm Z OmUo Omo AmZ& Z`Zt V| OmU am_$n&&
Xmg hU| Eogm dXrZ ~b^r_& KoVm `mM| Zm_ Vao Ord&&
H$aU : 21
`mMm docy Jocm JJZmdar &&

Amn`m AmdXo{hH$ gH$mam{df`r lr_hmamOmZr nyduM H$mhr doim `j-A`jnUo gHo$V
{Xcoco hmoVo. Amn`m nm{Wdmda A{gH$ma H$a`mV `mdoV Am{U Vo JwH$nm B_maVrg_moa Agco`m
nm`m`m hmXm`m OmJr {~ddjm`m N>mòV hmdoV Ago lr_hmamO lr.AemoH$amdmOdi nydu
~mocco hmoVo. ""~ocm`m PmS>mImcr Kw_Q>rV amhmUma'' Agm gyMH$ CoI `mZr H$mhr ^$mOdi
Ho$cm hmoVm. lr_hmamOm`m BN>o_mUo VoWoM A`gH$ma H$aUo Amd`H$ hmoVo. naVw _{XamMm
n[aga hm âdVrV Amho Am{U ImgJr OmJoV A`gH$ma H$am`Mo Ag`m_wio `mgmR>r gaH$mar
nadmZJr H$mT>Uo A`md`H$ hmoVo.
lr_hmamOmMo ^mMo ZmZm ^mdo `mMo OmdB Eg.S>r.Omoer ho Am`.E.Eg. A{YH$mar hmoVo. `m doir
Vo AmaJm~mX òWo {Ohm{YH$mar hmoVo. lr.AemoH$amdmZr `mZm \$moZ H$$Z lr_hmamOm`m _hm{ZdmUmMo
dm gm{JVco Am{U _{Xam`m OmJoV A`gH$mamgmR>r nadmZJr {_i`mgmR>r nw`m`m nmocrg
H${_eZaZm `mZr {dZVr Ho$`mg H$m_ gwc^nUo hmoBc Ago gwM{dco. `mZr `m_mUo nmocrg
H${_eZamer ~moc`mMo _m` Ho$co Am{U nw`mVrc _S>itZr `j `mZm ôQ>mdo Ago gwM{dco.
lr.AemoH$amd, lr.dmcmdcH$agmho~, ~mOramd {Q>Ho$H$a, ~mUmdcr, A{S>eZc Mr\$ goHo$Q>ar
lr.\$mVn}H$agmho~ Aer gd _S>ir gm`H$mir ghm-gmS>oghm`m gw_mamg BZ-MmO nmocrg H${_eZa
lr.E.E_.am ` `m `mH$S> o Jo c o . `m Z r gd _ S > i tMo hUUo AmWo d mBH$nUo Eo H y $ Z Ko V co .
lr.Eg.S>r.OmoetMm \$moZ `mZm Amcm hmoVmM. lr.am` `mZr EH$ arVga coIr AO Xo`mg gm{JVco.
`m_mUo cJoMM VoWo AO {chZ Xo`mV Amcm. Vmo drH$m$Z lr.am` hUmco H$s AmO a{ddma
Amho, Vohm _mPr coIr AmS>a Vwhmcm Cm {_ioc, _m Vwhr A`gH$ma H$a`mg H$moUVrhr
haH$V Zmhr.
lr.am` `mMm AmS>cu `m doir Joco`m cmoH$mZm hUmcm H$s, gmho~ gm`H$mir nmM dmO`mnmgyZ
~mhoa {ZKmcoco hmoVo. _m Vo Om`cm {ZKV Am{U nwhm AmV òD$Z ~gV, Ago VrZ-Mma doim Pmco.
Vo ~hYm Vw_MrM dmQ> nmhmV Wm~co hmoVo.
amr AmR> dmOVm EH$ g~-BnoQ>a S>o$Z {O_ImZm nmocrg Q>oeZ_YyZ òD$Z nmhmUr H$$Z
Jocm Am{U ZD$ dmOVm nmocrg H${_eZa`m ghrMo nadmZJrnhr {_imco.
lr_hmamOmMm Xoh ^$mZr {ZdmgWmZmVrc `m`m ImocrVyZ Amn`m Immd$Z ~mhoa AmUcm.
lrgX>Jw$ ~m~m _hmamOm`m _{Xamcm EH$ X{jUm KmcyZ _hm`mm A`gH$mam`m {Z`mo{OV
246 && MV`gy` &&
OmJoH$S>o gW JVrZo {ZKmcr. dmaH$ar _S>ir {ZdmUmMo A^J J^ranUo hUV hmoVr. Q>mi-_XJ dmOV
hmoVo. emoH$mHy$c ^$ H$R>mZo Am{U nmUmdco`m S>mo`mZr lr_hmamOmZm AIoaMm {Zamon XoV hmoVo.
MXZ, ~oc, H$mnya AnyZ _KmofmV lr_hmamOmMo nwVUo lr.dm_Zamd Omoer `mZr {MVog A{ne
H$a{dcm.
_Jidma, {X. 23 _o 1989 amoOr gH$mir lr_hmamOm`m nm{WdmMr ajm Jmoim H$a`mg ma^
Pmcm. `m_ò lr_hmamOm`m hmVmVrc AJR>r Oer`m Ver Z {dVicocr, Z dmH$cocr Am{U
IS>mgh AJXr gwpWVrV {_imcr. Am{U lr_hmamOm`m gm_`mMr gmjM nQ>cr. lr_hmamOmZr
Xoh R>odcm `m doir _mJrb H$aUmV CoI Ho$bobr _mYdamd H$mOaoH$a `mMr Vr nwH$amO IS>mMr
AJR>r `m`m hmVmVM hmoVr. lrH$mH$m _hmamOmZr `m AJR>rMo _mhm` OmUyZ lr._mYdamd `mZm
Vr lr_hmamOmMm gmX hUyZ {Xcr. AmOhr lr._mYdamd ^{$^mdmZo Vr AJR>r gXd dV:Odi
R>odVmV.
gmnS>co`m gd AWtda H$Vwar Am{U Ho$ea `mMo conZ H$a`mV Amco Am{U {d{YnydH$
emmo$ gH$ma H$a`mV Amco. ho gH$ma Ho$di $T> cmoH$mMma `m ^mdZoZo H$a`mV Amco hmoVo.
A`Wm `m`m MaUYycrZo gd MamMamcm ewVm m hmoVo `m lr_hmamOmgma`m Bar {d^yVt`m
AWtda Vwhr-Amhr H$gco ewrH$aU gH$ma H$aUma ?
VrZ H$cem_ò Vimer Km|JS>rMm VwH$S>m R>odyZ `mda `m AWr R>od`mV Am`m. Cd[aV ajm
`m {Xder _{XamV hOa Agcoco {e`-^$JU lr.dmcmdcH$a, lr.AemoH$amd, do._y.go JwOr,
H$mOaoH$a ~Yy, lr.A_moc H$m|S>H$a, lr.~Sy>eoQ> OmYd, lr. `m_amd {Q>Ho$H$a, lr.~mOramd {Q>Ho$H$a,
lr.dm_Zamd Omoer Am{U lr_hmamOmMr A` ZmVodmBH$ _S>ir `mZr lrjo AmiXr òWo OmD$Z VoWo
BmÙr`m VrWOcmV OS> AV:H$aUmZo {dg{OV Ho$cr.
Mm`m {XdgmnmgyZ lr.dm_Zamd Omoer `m`m hVo Ym{_H$ {dYr gw$ Pmco. 936 Z~a`m
cmQ>_ò H$mhr ~R>m Mmir hmo`m, `mVrc CmaoH$S>rc Mmir`m EH$m ImocrV ho {dYr H$a`mV
Amco. lr_hmamOm`m nm{Wdmda OoWo A`gH$ma H$a`mV Amco, `m ^y_rda EH$ VmnwaVm MmWam
~mY`mV Amcm; OoUoH$$Z `m n{d ^y_rda cmoH$mMr dXi hmoD$ Zò. g_m{YWmZ VoWoM C^mamd`mMo
{Z{V Pmco hmoVo.
Xe_ {XZr qnS>XmZ, {VcmoXH$ dJao {dYtgmR>r gdM ^$mZm nmZo ~mocmdUo nmohmoMco hmoVo.
~hVoH$ gd OU CnpWV hmoVo. gH$mir _{XamVrc gd _S>ir EH$ O_cr Am{U `m doir
lr_hmamOm`m AmR>dUr H$mhr OUmZr gm{JV`m. `mZVa qnS>XmZ {dYr Pmcm Am{U CnpWV
^$_S>itZr {VcmoXH$ {Xco. do._y.c_Uamd go JwOtZr gd {dYtMo nmamo{h` Ho$co. gZ 1953
nmgyZ go JwOtZr AmMm`, nwamo{hV Am{U AZwJ{hV {e` hUyZ A{Ve` A`{^Mmar {Z>oZo
`mMm doby Jobm.. / 247
lr_hmamOmMr gXd gmW Ho$cr hmoVr. `m gd H$mimV AZoH$ cmoH$ Amco, H$mhr lr_hmamOmnmgyZ Xya
Joco; naVw lr_hmamOmZm AIS> gmo~V H$aUm`m _moO`m cmoH$m_ò EH$ go JwOr hmoVo.
`m {Xder nw`mVrc VrZeo ~mUmZm g_m{Y_{XamV ~mocmdyZ òH$s VrZeo nò X{jUm
Xo`mV Amcr. lr_hmamOmMm gmX hUyZ Amco`m gd p`mZm gmS>m Am{U nwfmZm gwVr emcr
qH$dm CnaUr qH$dm AJaIo Aer do Xo`mV Amcr. Voam`m {Xder gmXmMo ^moOZ H$$Z gd
_S>ir naVcr.
lr_hmamOmZr C^maco`m `m`m gX>Jw$`m WmZmMr C{MV Aer `dWm cmd`mMo CmaXm{`d
`m`m {e`mdaM hmoVo. `m_mUo {dMma{d{Z_` hmoD$Z `m H$m_mcm ma^ Pmcm. lr~m~m`m
_{XamImcrc cmQ>Mo ZdrZ crO lr.dmcmdcH$a Am{U lr.d._.{Q>Ho$H$a `m`m ZmdmZo gm.{Z_cmVmB
Iao `mZr H$$Z {Xco.
lr_hmamOm`m d`{$H$ _mcH$sMr OmJm `m`m dmagXmamH$Sy>Z crOda Ko`mV Amcr.
Xa`mZ lr.AemoH$H$mH$m g_m{Y_{XamMr `dWm nyddV nmh cmJco. lr_hmamOm`m g_m{YWmZr
MmWam ~mYcm hmoVm. `mda n`mMo gajH$ AmdaU H$$Z VoWo lr_hmamOmMo ^` Vc{M _moR>m
cmH$S>r \o$__ò ~gdyZ WmnZ H$a`mV Amco. `mcm Mh~mOyZr _I_cr nS>Xo cmdyZ Vo gwemo{^V
H$a`mV Amco. lr_hmamOm`m g_mYrMo ma^rMo $n Ago hmoVo. nwT>o _Jidma, {X. 1 _o 1990
amoOr gmJcr òWrc Wmoa gV lrXmgam_ _hmamO VWm lram_am` Ho$iH$a _hmamO `m`m ew^hVo
^y{_nyOZ hmoD$Z `m OmJr AmO {XgV Agcoco gwXa _{Xa C^ma`mV Amco.
_mK ew && 5 eH$ 1912; gmo_dma, {X. 21 OmZodmar 1991 amoOr `m g_m{Y_{XamMr {d{YdV
dmVwemVr hmoD$Z "lt'`m _yVuMr {V>mnZm d nmXwH$mMm mU{V>m {dYr gn Pmcm. lr_hmamOm`m
AWtMo Oo VrZ H$ce H$a`mV Amco hmoVo, `mVrc EH$ lr.dmcmdcH$a `m`m Kar, XmXa, _w~B
òWo, Mag_mYr`m $nmZo WmnZ H$a`mV Amcm. Xwgam aZm{Jarcm lr.dm_Zamd Omoer `m`m Kar
{Z`nyOoV R>od`mV Amcm Am{U {Vgam H$ce nw`mVrc `m g_m{YWmZmda ZyVZ _{XamV WmnZ
H$a`mV Amcm. `m H$cemda lr_hmamOm`m nmXwH$mMr {d{YnydH$ mU{V>m d nMYmVy`m nyUmH$ma
_yVuMr {V>mnZm H$a`mV Amcr.
hr _yVu _w~B`m lr.~mZX dmK `m`m MmnmQ>r òWrc _y{VemcoV V`ma H$a`mV Amcr.
_yVuda ZjrXma cmH$S>r _oKS>~ar C^ma`mV Amcr hmoVr. AmVm `mMr _oKS>~ar _{XamMr emo^m
dqJV H$arV Amho. _{XamV g_moamg_moarc q^Vt_ò XmoZ H$nmQ>mV lr_hmamO dmnarV Agco`m
dVy OVZ H$$Z R>odco`m AmhoV. _{Xamg_wI Agco`m AmXw~a djm`m Vir, EH$m chmZem
Kw_Q>rV lrXodr ^JdVr, lrJOmZZ, lrXmmo` Am{U lrXmg _mVr `m`m _yVvMr WmnZm Ho$cocr
Amho. _{Xam`m CO`m AJmcm g_m{Y_{Xam`m ZmdmMr doe H$_mZ Amho. _{Xa Am~m, A_VH$,
248 && MV`gy` &&
~oc Aem djm`m N>mò_ò Cô Amho.

_{Xam`m dmVwemVr`m Xwg`m {Xder hUOo _Jidma, {X. 22 OmZodmar Vo 30 OmZodmar
1991 `m H$mimV lrA`wVMS>rgh nMm`VZ `mJmMo Am`moOZ H$a`mV Amco hmoVo. nyUmhwVr`m
{Xder gm`H$mir nmcIr gmohimhr gn Pmcm.
Amn`m nmV g_m{Y_{XamMr Ywam g_WnUo nocy eHo$c Agm Amncm dmag hUyZ lr_hmamOmZr
lr.AemoH$amd VWm lrH$mH$m _hmamO `mMr {ZdS> Amn`m _Zmer \$ma nyduM Ho$cr hmoVr. `mM
>rZo `mZm `mMr ZmoH$ar, KaXma, ggma gmoS>m`cm cmdyZ Amn`mnmer R>odyZ KoVco hmoVo. naVw
`mMm Jm`\$moQ> \$ma AmYr Ho$cm ZhVm.
lr_hmamOm`m eodQ>`m AmOmanUmV Oohm lr_hmamO AmVm AmnU Xoh gmoS>Uma Ago gy{MV
H$arV `m doir ^mdr {d`moJm`m H$nZoZo `mMo ^$JU Xw:Ir hmoV Am{U lr_hmamOm`m nmV
"Amncm dmcr H$moU' `m {dMmamZo ^m~mdyZ OmV.
EH$Xm lr.A_moc H$m|S>H$a nZr AnUmVmBgh XeZmcm Amco hmoVo. lr_hmamOmZr AMmZH$ `mZm
~mocmdco Am{U gm{JVco H$s _r cdH$aM Xoh gmoS>Uma Amho ! ho EoH$`m~amo~a AnUmVmB Va aSy>M
cmJ`m. `mM doir lrH$mH$m AJUmV _moR>m AmdmOmV Hw$Umcm Var H$m_m~c gyMZm XoV hmoVo. `m
doir lr_hmamO H$m|S>H$a Xmn`mMr g_OyV H$mT>rV hUmco, ""Vmo Omo ~mhoa ~m|~cVmo Amho Zm
(hUOo lrH$mH$m) Vmo _rM Amho. _m`m nmV Vmo Vw_Mm gm^mi H$arc.'' hr Jmo> lr.H$m|S>H$a `mZr
lrH$mH$mZm gm{JVcr. nU hr O~m~Xmar drH$ma`mMr `mMr V`mar ZhVr. `m_wio hr Jmo> H$moUmcmhr
Z gmJ`m~c lrH$mH$mZr `mZm ~Omdco hmoVo, AJXr lr_hmamOmZr Xoh R>od`mdagwm !
Iao Va lr_hmamOm`m AZoH$ mg{JH$ H$VrVyZ lr_hmamOmZm lrH$mH$m~c {H$Vr o_, {H$Vr
_m`m Am{U {H$Vr {dmg dmQ>V hmoVm `m`m IwUm {XgVmV. `mM~amo~a lr_hmamOmZr AZoH$ gJmV
lrH$mH$m`m Jw{Z>oMr, g_nU ^mdZoMr A{narjmhr KoVcr hmoVr. Anma o_ Ho$co VgoM Amn`m
H$moYmrV `mMo ~mdZH$er gwdU nmaIyZhr nm{hco. naVw `mM~amo~a AZoH$ gJmVyZ hohr OmUdVo
H$s hm gmam AZmXr-AZV Aem gX>Jw$ nanaoMmM EH$ Ioi Amho.
`m IoimMm ^mJ hUyZM d`m`m gmV`m dfu lr_hmamOm`m _mS>rda ~gyZ lrH$mH$mZm
CnmgZm _ {_imcm. nwT>o _{XamV dmV`mbm òD$Z Oo_Vo_ ghm-gmV _{hZo Pmco AgVrc VohmMm
EH$ gJ. EH$Xm eaX^mB _wZr `mZr lr_hmamOmZm EH$ Zdo nemMo nmH$sQ>, `mMo dmnamVrc nmH$sQ>
OwZo Pmco hUyZ, _moR>m ^mdZoZo AmUyZ {Xco. lr_hmamOmZrhr Vo nmH$sQ> drH$maco Am{U hUmco,
""AmVm `m Ow`m nm{H$Q>mMo H$m` H$$ ?'' hUyZ VoWo H$m_ H$arV ~gco`m Amn`m gd {e`mH$S>o
EH$Xm `mZr nm{hco. XmoZ {_{ZQ>o `mZr gdmZm `mhmico Am{U Vo nmH$sQ> AMmZH$nUo lrH$mH$m`m
hmVr {Xco. nwhm Vo _mJyZ KoVco Am{U `mV 101 nò Am{U lr~m~mMm \$moQ>mo KmcyZ Vo lrH$mH$m`m
hmVr {Xco. nwT>o 1982 `m Zmoh|~a _{h`mV, Am`H$a Im`mZo N>mnm Q>mH$cm hmoVm, `mM {Xder,
Amn`m hmVmVrc Jw$ Am{U eZrMm IS>m Agcocr AJR>r lrH$mH$mZm {Xcr. lrA$cH$moQ>dm_tZr
lr_hmamOmZm {Xcocr H$mMoMr JmoQ>rhr lr_hmamOmZr A`V {dmgmZo lrH$mH$mZmM {Xcr hmoVr.
EH$Xm lr_hmamO {gZo_mcm {ZKmco hmoVo. VrZ {V[H$Q>o H$mTy>Z AmUcocr hmoVr. lr_hmamOmZr
lr.~mUmdcr Am{U lrH$mH$m Aem XmoKmZm Amn`m~amo~a ò`mg gm{JVco. [ajmV ~gVmZm
lr.~mUmdcr `m`m _ZmV {dMma Amcm H$s ho lr.AemoH$ Omoer AcrH$S>oM _{XamV òD$ cmJco
AmhoV Am{U `m`mda lr_hmamOmMr EdT>r _Ou H$er ? `m`m _ZmVrc ho {dMma OmUyZ lr_hmamO
hUmco, ""Aao ~mUmdcr, AemoH$Mr Am{U _mPr \$ma OwZr AmoiI Amho ao !''
lr.~mUmdcr ho lr_hmamOmMm XrK ghdmg cm^coco, AZoH$ doim H$nmgmX cm^coco, Iw
Xmmo`mMo XeZ KS>coco ^$ ! `mZm lr_hmamOmZVa hr Jwnanam EdT>m g_WnUo H$moU Mmc{dUma
`mMr H$miOr dmQ>m`Mr. `mZr EH$Xm Yra H$$Z `m{df`r lr_hmamOmZm {dMmaco Vohm lr_hmamO
hUmco hmoVo H$s, _r Jo`mda EH$m dfmV Vwcm H$iocM ! `m_mUo lr_hmamOm`m n{h`m
nw`{VWrgmR>r Vo _{XamV Amco AgVm. nw`{VWr`m AmX`m amr `mZm >mV hmoD$Z lr_hmamOmZr,
lrXmmo`, lrdm_r g_W, lr~rS>H$a _hmamO, lr~m~m _hmamO, `mMo ZVa lr{XJ~aXmg _hmamO
Am{U lrH$mH$m Aer Jwnanam XmI{d`mMo `mZr gm{JVco.
AemM H$maMo >mV lr_hmamOm`m XrK ghdmgmVrc hf}H$mH$m, aJZmW ^mQ>dS>oH$a `mZm XoD$Z
lr_hmamOmZr Amn`m nmV lrH$mH$m hr O~m~Xmar g_WnUo gm^miVrc Ago XedyZ {Xco hmoVo.
Xoh R>od`mnydu lr_hmamOmZr gdm`m _ZmVrc eH$m Xya H$a`mgmR>r lr._mYdamd H$mOaoH$a
`m`m g_moaM _{XamMm gd `dhma Am{U nanaoMr gd O~m~Xmar lrH$mH$mZrM gm^mim`Mr Amho
Ago {Z:g{XY eXmV gdmZm CoeyZ AmXoedOm eXmV R>m_nUo gm{JVco hmoVo. `mda lrH$mH$mZr,
"hr O~m~Xmar Am{U H$m`mMr Ywam lr.dm_Zamd Omoer (lr_hmamOmMo nwVUo) `mZr gm^mimdr,' Ago
Z_nUo gwM{dco. lr_hmamOmZr hr {dZVr YwS>H$mdyZ cmdV naV EH$Xm gdmZm {ZjyZ gm{JVco,
""AemoH$ hmM _mPm _wcJm Amho Am{U nanaoMo H$m`, cmoH${ejUmMo H$m` _m`m nmV VmoM
gm^mirc. EdT>oM Zho Va `m`m XohmVyZ _rM nwT>o gd H$m` H$aUma Amho.''
lr_hmamOmZr Xoh R>od`mnydu H$mhr _moO`m `$sZm gm{JVco hmoVo H$s, _m`m nmV Vwhr
gmJcrMo Wmoa gV, {gnwf lrXmXm _hmamO Ho$iH$a `mZm OmD$Z ôQ>m. `m_mUo {X. 22-23 OyZ
1989 amoOr lrH$mH$m, dmcmdcH$agmho~, ~mUmdcrgmho~, ~mOramd {Q>Ho$H$a, ~mimgmho~ H$mOaoH$a,
A_moc H$m|S>H$a, ~SyeoQ> OmYd Aer 10-15 _S>ir gmJcrcm Jocr. ho gd cmoH$ Joco Vohm lrXmXm
_hmamO {Z`mMo H$sVZ H$arV hmoVo. `m gdmZm nmhZ Vo hUmco, ""`m, ~gm ! _r Vw_MrM dmQ> nmhmV
hmoVmo. {H$Vr doi dmQ> ~Km`Mr ?'' AmJV-dmJV Pm`mZVa nwhm Xwg`m {Xder ho gd OU
250 && MV`gy` &&
lrXmXm _hmamOmH$S>o Joco Am{U `mZm "AmnU lrgX>Jw$ {XJ~aXmg _hmamO `m`m AmXoem_mUo
AmnUmH$S>o Amcmo AmhmoV. Vohm lr_hmamOmZr WmnZ Ho$co`m `m {d{dY gWmMm H$ma^ma H$moUr
nmhm`Mm `m{df`r lr_hmamOm`m BN>o_mUo AmnUM H$m` Vmo AmXoe mdm,' Aer {dZVr Ho$cr.
lrXmXm _hmamO H$mhr doi S>moio {_Qy>Z VY ~gco Am{U ZVa qH${MV H$mimZo S>moio CKSy>Z `mZr
lrH$mH$mH$S>o ~moQ> XmIdyZ hQ>co H$s ho Omoer _hmamO gd nmhmVrc. ZVa lrXmXm _hmamO dV:
nw`mcm g_m{Y_{XamV Amco hmoVo `m doir {dZVr Ho$`md$Z `mZr, ""AmaVr {XJ~am & O` VoOmo
^mH$am &&'' hr mgm{XH$ AmaVr d[aV H$$Z {Xcr. `m AmaVr_ò, ""AemoH$ nwmcmJr & dò o_o
Hw$admirVr &&'' `m Amoir KmcyZ lr_hmamOmMr BN>m Am{U AmXoe gdmZmM {d{XV Ho$cm, Wmoa gV
lr harH$mH$m Jmogmdr `mMohr AmerdmX lrH$mH$mZm cm^co.
darc gd h{H$H$V dmMyZ Ago dmQ>oc H$s, lr_hmamO Am{U lrgV XmXm _hmamO `mMm \$ma
nydunmgyZ n[aM` hmoVm Am{U Amn`m nmV Cmam{YH$mar {ZdS>cm OmVmZm H$mhr AS>MU òD$ Zò,
_VôX hmoD$ ZòV hUyZ lr_hmamOmZr lrXmXm _hmamOmOdi Amncr {ZdS> gmJyZ R>odcr Am{U
Hw$Qw>~mMo dS>rcYmao Zohr `m Zm`mZo, `mMo d`, AZw^d Am{U Am`mp_H$ jomVrc A{YH$ma
`mmao `m gnyU {H$òda `mZr cj R>odmdo Aer Anojm `$ Ho$cr.
naVw `jmV Ago H$mhrM ZhVo. gmJcr òWo dmV`mcm Agcoco lrXmgam_ _hmamO Ho$iH$a
VWm lrXmXm _hmamO ho {gnwf lr qZ~aJrH$a _hmamO `m`m qZ~aJr nWmMo. `mMr Am{U
lr_hmamOmMr cm{H$H$ AWmZo H$Yrhr `j ôQ> Pmcocr Zmhr. Varhr lr_hmamOmZr Xoh R>od`mnydu,
""lrXmXm _hmamOmZm OmD$Z ôQ>m'' Ago Amn`m {ZdS>H$ {e`mZm gm{JVco hmoVo Am{U nwT>o lrXmXm
_hmamOmZr lr_hmamOm`m _hm{ZdmUmZVa lr_hmamOm`m BN>o_mUo, `m`m ôQ>rgmR>r Joco`m
{e`JUmZm `mo` Vo _mJXeZ Ho$co, lr_hmamOmMr A{Ve` mgm{XH$ Aer AmaVr {c{hcr, VgoM
nw`mVrc g_m{Y_{XamV VgoM S>oadU òWo òD$Z AmerdmX {Xco hm gmam KQ>ZmH$_ Amhm gm_m`
OZmZm {d_`M{H$V H$aUmam Amho.
`m gd KQ>ZmH$_mV Iyn AmYrMr hUOo 1976 gmcMr EH$ chmZer KQ>Zmhr Iyn _hdmMr
Amho. EH$Xm lrH$mH$m _hmamO gH$mir _{XamV XeZmcm Amco AgVm lr_hmamO `mZm, ""`mZmcm
~g ao !'' Ago hUmco. Am`w`mV EH$XmM lr_hmamOmZr lrH$mH$mZm Aer Amkm Ho$cr hmoVr. `m_mUo
lrH$mH$m `mZmcm ~gco. H$mhr doi `mZ H$$Z ZVa Vo lr_hmamOmZm ôQ>yZ, {Zamon KoD$Z, H$m_mda
Om`mgmR>r hUyZ lr_hmamOmH$S>o Amco. Vohm `mZr {dMmaco, ""H$m` nm{hcog ao `mZmV ?'' lrH$mH$m
hUmco, ""EH$ JhW IwMuV ~gco AmhoV, XwQ>mJr YmoVa, eQ>, H$mir Q>monr Agm doe Amho, Ag
_cm `mZm`m doir {Xgc.'' lr_hmamO EH$X_ Iyf Pmco d hUmco, "Vo' Vwcm {Xgco Zm ? _J
VwP H$m_ Pmc Ag g_O !' _J hUmco, ""_r Agon`V Vwcm _XV H$arZ. _m`m nmV Vwcm
AS>MU Amcr Va Vy `m`mH$S>o Om ! Vo Vwcm _XV H$aVrc !''

"Vo' gnwf H$moU AmhoV `mMm Iwcmgm lr_hmamOmZr `m doir Ho$cm ZhVm. EdT>oM Zho Va
lrXmXm _hmamOmZm ôQ>`mgmR>r Oohm lr_hmamOmMo ho 10-12 {ZdS>H$ {e` gmJcrcm Joco,
Vohmhr `m`mOdi lrXmXm _hmamOmMm ZrQ> nmmhr ZhVm. gmJcrcm OmD$Z, VoWo MmH$er H$$Z
Vmo emoYyZ H$mT>mdm cmJcm. `m doir lrXmXm _hmamOmMo XeZ Pm`mda lrH$mH$m`m cjmV Amco
H$s, `mM gnwfmMo XeZ AmnUmcm nydu `mZm`m doir Pmco hmoVo. gXJw$`m crcm AV`
AgVmV hoM Iao !
{X. 24 E{c 1991 amoOr lr AdYyVmZX gadVr ho Wmoa {gnwf lr~m~m`m _{XamV Amco
hmoVo. `mMo dmV` {h_mc`mV Ago. `mnyduhr AZoH$ doim Vo _{XamV lr_hmamOmZm ôQ>m`cm òV
AgV. lrH$mH$mZr `mMo `Wmo{MV dmJV H$$Z `mMm g_mZ Ho$cm. `m doir CnpWV Agco`m
gd ^$mZm g_moa ~gdyZ Vo lrH$mH$mH$S>o ~moQ> XmIdyZ gdmZm CoeyZ hUmco, ""ho EH$Q>o gmJVrc d
~mH$s gd EoH$Vrc. _J nmhm, gd AmZX ngaoc. lr_hmamO ho gd {gmMo {g AmhoV. Vo `j
Xmmo`M AmhoV. AmnU gd ^m`dmZ AmhmV H$s lr_hmamO Am{U lrH$mH$m `mMo o_ Am{U
_mJXeZ AmnUmcm cm^co Amho. `mMm `j AZw^d AmnU gd KoV AmhmVM. AmnUmnH$s
Hw$Urhr _Zm_ò `m~c qH$Vy AmUy Zò, IV H$$ Zò. _mZnmZ, egm m hmdr Agco {dMma
~mOycm gmam. Amn`mcm H$mhr H$_r-A{YH$ {_imco Amho, {_iV Amho Agm {dMma _ZmV òD$ XoD$
ZH$m. EH$m`m {dMmamZo, _mJXeZmZo, EH${XcmZo amhm. _J gd AmZXM ~haoc.''
lr AdYyVmZX gadVtMr hr A_VdmUr Ajae: Iar R>acr. lrH$mH$mZr A`V {dZ_VmnydH$
Amn`m gX>Jw$`m BN>o_mUo `m`m H$m`mMr nVmH$m Amn`m Immda KoVcr Am{U lr_hmamOmZr
cmdcocm hm A_VmMm docy AmO JJZmdar Mmccm Amho.
lr_hmamOm`m _hm{ZdmUmZVa nwUo òWrc g_m{Y_{XamMm cmQ> H$. 937 S>r hm lr_hmamOmMo
{ZH$Q>Mo ^$ lr.H$_cmH$anV dmcmdcH$a Am{U lr.d._.{Q>Ho$H$a `m`m Zmdo, cmQ >_mcH$ lr_Vr
{Z_cmVmB ZriH$R> Iao `m`mH$Sy>Z 50 dfmH$[aVm hUOo gZ 2035 gmcmn`V crOZo KoVcm
hmoVm; nU ZVa`m H$mimV lr.dmcmdcH$a `mMo XohmdgmZ Pm`m_wio gZ 1996 _ò n{hco crO
a H$$Z lr.{dH$mg H$_cmH$a dmcmdcH$a Am{U lrH$mH$m _hmamO `m`m Zmdo 2035 n`VgmR>r
Zdo crO H$$Z Ko`mV Amco. `mZVa OoWo lr_hmamOmMo g_m{Y_{Xa ~mYm`Mo hmoVo Vmo cmQ> (937
gr), lr_hmamOm`m dmagXmamH$Sy>Z lrH$mH$m _hmamO `m`m Zmdo brOda Ko`mV Amcm. `m
cmQ>da A{Ve` gwXa Ago lr_hmamOmMo _{Xa ~mYyZ gmo_dma, {X. 21 OmZodmar 1991 amoOr
`m_ò lr_hmamOm`m _yVuMr {V>mnZm Pmcr, hm ^mJ `mnydu Amcm AmhoM.
lr_hmamOmZr lr~m~mMo C^macoco _{Xa ho Vgo chmZgo Am{U n`mMo hmoVo. VoWo CH$> Ago _{Xa
252 && MV`gy` &&
C^ma`mMo dZ lr_hmamOm`m _ZmV gXd hmoVo. {ZdmgWmZmMr B_maV nyU Pm`mda lr_hmamO
AZoH$ doim lr~m~mMr nyOm H$aVmZm J{hd$Z hUm`Mo, ""_cm {g_|Q> H$mH$sQ>Mo Ka ~mYyZ {XcoV.
AmnU _m n`m`m eoS>_ò amhmVm.'' Iao Va Vgo _{Xa ~mYUo lr_hmamOmZm ghO e` hmoVo;
naVw Varhr Vo _{Xa `mZr ~mYco ZhVo. lrH$mH$m`m hmVyZ Vo H$m` hmdo AerM lr_hmamOmMr
BN>m AgUma. Amn`m {e`mcm _moR>m H$a`mMo JwdV lr_hmamOmZr nmico hmoVo. lrH$mH$mZr ghm
_{h`m`m AnmdYrV lr~m~mMo Zdo _{Xa C^maco. _{XamMr dmVy A{Ve` XoIUr Amho. aMZm
gmYr, gai Amho. _{XamV hmoUm`m {d{dY H$m`H$_mZm gmoBH$a Aer {VMr aMZm Amho. dN>
nmT>`m gJ_adamMm dmna, gm` aJgJVr, ânya H$me Ioi{dUm`m _moR>m {IS>`m, A{V_
ZjrH$m_ Agcoco ^` doema Am{U _wImda dgc ^md {dcgV Agcocr J^JhmVrc lr~m~mMr
^` _yVu, `m_wio ^$mZm Anyd Aem gwIX emVrMm AZw^d _{XamV doe H$aVmM òVmo. _{XamVrc
dN>Vm, dmVmdaUmV OmUdUmam {d{e>> gwJY, _Z_mohH$ \w$cm`m aMZm, lr~m~mMr A{V_
Vc{Mo, q^Vrdarc H$nmQ>mV OnyZ R>odco`m lr~m~m`m dmnamVrc dVy, g^mJhmV Mmcy Agcoco
AIS> Zm__aU Am{U drUoMo JwOZ ^$mMo _Z {Z{dH$n H$aVo. ho gmao {M AJXr lr_hmamOm`m
_Zm_mUoM Amho. {X. 6 Am{U 7 OmZodmar 1992 amoOr lr~m~m`m `m Z`mZo ~mYco`m _{XamMr
dmVwemV Pmcr Am{U {X. 8 OmZodmar 1992 amoOr A^yVnyd Aem cjMS>r gmoh`mcm ma^
Pmcm. hm gmohim {X. 24 OmZodmar 1992 n`V Mmcy hmoVm. `mMm CoI `mnydu Amcm AmhoM.
hm cjMS>r gmohim AZoH$ Q>rZo A^yVnyd Agm Pmcm. `m gmoh`mMo Am`moOZ ho A{Ve`
H$R>rU AmhmZ hmoVo. Am`moOH$m`m j_VoMm H$g nmhmUmao hmoVo. gw_mao EH$ hOma ~mU XoeâmVyZ
`m gmoh`mgmR>r {Z_{V Ho$coco hmoVo. `m{edm` hOmamo ^$JU hm gmohim nmhm`mgmR>r {V{XZr
`kWmZr òV hmoVo. gd Ym{_H$ H$ò emmo$ nVrZo H$aUo, `mgmR>r cmJUmar gm_Jr Jmoim
H$aUo, EdT>m ~mUmgmR>r {Zdmg, ^moOZ AmXr `dWm `m gdmZm A{VWr _mZyZ, `mZm gVw>
amIyZ H$aUo, ^$OZmZmhr `m gmoh`mMo XeZgwI {_iy XoUo Aem AZoH$ OQ>rc O~m~Xm`mMo ho
{edYZw` hmoVo. `mgmR>r g_{nV ^mdZoZo H$m_ H$aUmar, {eV~, H$>miy Am{U O~m~Xma Aer
d`godH$mMr _moR>r \$mO C^r H$aUo hohr EH$ _moR>o H$R>rU AmhmZ hmoVo. nmR>rer na_oar A{Y>mZ
Ag`m{edm` Aer _moR>r H$m_o {Z{dZnUo hmoUo e` ZgVo.
_m lrH$mH$mZr ho {edYZw` crc`m CMcco Am{U Amn`m gX>Jw$Mo A{Y>mZ Amn`m_mJo
Ag`mMo {g Ho$co. Amn`m gX>Jw$Zr AmnUmda Q>mH$cocm {dmg gmW Ho$cm.
lr~m~m`m _{Xamg_moa gw_mao 14 hOma Mmag \w$Q>mMm EH$ ^` `k_S>n ~mY`mMo H$m_
bjMS>r gmoh`m`m AmYr nyU H$a`mV Amco. `m `k_S>nm`m EH$m ~mOyg _moR>m Cgdm`m
doir Cn`moJmV AmU`mgmR>r EH$ d`nmH$Jh, `mcm _mJo cmJyZ ^mS>r Kmg`mgmR>r _moar, Zi,
hmX AmhoV. `k_S>nm`m n{_oH$S>rc ~mOyg nmM `kHw$S>o CUVmamoYH$ Aem Img {dQ>mZr ~mYyZ
H$m`_d$nr `dWm H$a`mV Amcr Amho.
lr~m~m`m _{Xam`m _mJrc ~mOyghr EH$ n$m _S>n ~mY`mV Amcm Amho. {edm` OmZH$s
{Zdmg Am{U am_M {Zdmg `m XmoZ _moR>m B_maVr ~mY`mV Am`m AmhoV. 937 ~r _Yrc
OmZH$s {ZdmgmcJV EH$ Zoh_r`m dmnamMo d`nmH$Jh Amho. OmZH$s {ZdmgmV Vi_O`mda
amoO`m ^moOZm`m doir nJVr _mS>`mV òVmV. VgoM n{h`m _O`mda Cgdm`m doir p`mMr
{Zdmg `dWm Ho$cocr AgVo.
937 E cmQ>_ò Agcocr lr.amUo `mMoH$Sy>Z IaoXr Ho$cocr B_maV Am{U AmD$Q> hmD$g `m`m
OmJr AmVm "am_M {Zdmg' hr ^` B_maV ~mY`mV Amcr Amho. `mM B_maVrV AmVm doXemioV
gWm KoUmao {dmWu Am{U `mMo JwOr, _{XamVrc nyOm `dWm nmhmUmao JwOr `m`mgmR>r n{h`m
_O`mda dV `dWm Ho$cr Amho. {edm` CgdH$mimV _w$m_mcm AgUm`m ^$JUmgmR>r
Am{U d`godH$mgmR>rhr `m B_maVrV {Zdmg `dWm Ho$cocr Amho.
`m{edm` "lrJw:eaU_' hr B_maVhr ~mY`mV Amcr Amho. `m B_maVrV EH$m ImocrV
lrH$mH$m amhmVmV. `m ImobrV lr_hmamOmZrM nydu lrH$mH$mZm nmR>XwIrMm mg hmoVmo hUyZ {Xcocr
cmoIS>r AJgda cmH$S>r \$`m Q>mHy$Z Ho$cocr KS>rMr H$mQ>, EH$ N>moQ>o H$nmQ> Am{U gX>Jw$`m
Vg{~atgh lrH$mH$mMo XodWmZ Amho. "_hm hZw_mZ {Zdmg' hr B_maV nydu lr_hmamOmZr IaoXr
Ho$cr hmoVr. {VMm AmVm {dVma H$a`mV Amcm Amho. `kH$mimV VoWo gd ~dXmMr amhm`mMr gmo`
H$a`mV òVo. `m B_maVrncrH$S>o "AJX {Zdmg' hr B_maV ~mY`mV Ambr. `m B_maVrVhr Cgd
Am{U `kH$mimV ~dXmMr VgoM A` ^$JUmMr amhm`mMr `dWm Ho$cocr AgVo.
lr~m~m`m nmcIr gmoh`mgmR>r AX_mgo ZD$ \y$Q> cm~rMm Am{U AH$am \y$Q> CMrMm, CH$>
H$mam{JarZo ZQ>cocm MXZmMm aW cjMS>r gmoh`m`m doirM H$a`mV Amcm. AmVm Vmo gnyU aW
`mZo _T>dyZ da gmo`mMm _wcm_m XoD$Z gwXa ZjrH$m_mZo gOd`mV Amcm Amho.
a{ddma, {X. 16 OmZodmar 1994 (nmf ew && 5, eH$ 1915) amoOr gm`H$mir 5 dmOVm
g_m{Y_{Xam`m AmdmamVrc "_hm hZw_mZ {Zdmg' `m B_maVrV ""H$.gm._mVm OmZH$s~mB JUoe
Omoer AmfYmc`'' `m AZwXm{ZV Vdmda Mmc{d`mV òUm`m XdmIm`mMo CX>KmQ>Z Pmco. VohmnmgyZ
{V{XZr nmM $nò EdT>m An ewH$m_ò JmoaJ[a~mZm AmfYmonMma H$a`mV òV AmhoV. AmVm
hm XdmImZm Z`mZo ~mYco`m "AJX {Zdmg' `m B_maVrV gw$ Amho.
{Vdfu nmf-_mK _{h`mV _{Xam_ò nMm`VZ `mJmMo Am`moOZ hmoVo. {H$_mZ XrS>eo`m gòZo
~dX CnpWV AgVmo Am{U XaamoO EH$ hOma Vo ~mameo ^$JU Xwnmar gmXmMm cm^ KoVmV.
Zm_On Am{U gX>JW dmMZ `mMo gH$n gmoS>coco AgVmV. Vo ^$JUm`m âJ JXu_wio crc`m
254 && MV`gy` &&
nyU hmoVmV. gm`H$mir H$sVZ, dMZmMm H$m`H$ _ hmoVmo. {Vdfu Zm_dV Jm`H$mMm EImXm ^{$gJrVmMm
H$m`H$_hr hmoVmo.
dfâ lr_hmamOmZr gw$ Ho$coco gd Cgd, gUg_ma^, dVo, _{V{XZ lr_hmamOmZr KmcyZ
{Xco`m Wm-nanam_mUoM gmOao hmoVmV. `m_ò lr_hmamOmMm O_mogd Am{U nw`{VWr Cgd
`m XmoZ CgdmMr â nS>cr Amho. lr_hmamOmMo ho _{V{XZgwm lmnydH$ gmOao H$a`mV òVmV.
{X. 11 E{c 1992 (am_Zd_r) nmgyZ _{XamV ""lrdm_r g_W O` O` dm_r g_W&'' `m
Zm_mMm On AIS>nUo Mmcy Amho Am{U ^$m`m lo`m Am{U Cgmhm`m ~imda Vmo A`mhV
MmcUma Amho.
lr_hmamOm`m AmOmanUm`m H$mimV Am{U _hm{ZdmUmZVa H$mhr _{hZo S>ao dU òWrc WmZmVrc
`dWm WmoS>r Xwc{ jV Pmcr Am{U VoWo WmoS>o e{W` Amco hmoV;o naVw lrH$mH$mZr {Z`{_VnUo VoWo Om`mg
gwdmV Ho$cr Am{U n[al_nydH $ gd KS>r nwhm ~gdyZ `m WmZmVhr nydd V MV` {Z_mU Ho$co.
gdW_ CoI H$am`Mm Va {X. 24 E{c 1992 nmgyZ nw`m_mUoM S>ao dU òWho r ""lr dm_r
g_W O` O` dm_r g_W &'' `m Zm_mMm AIS> On gw$ Ho$cm Am{U Vmo A`mhV MmcyM Amho.
{X. 24 _o 1992 `m {Xder lrH$mH$m`m mogmhZmZo Am{U AMyH$ {Z`moOZmZo, Xya>rZo Am{U
YmS>gr {ZU`j_Vo_wio, hOmamo Jm_WmH$Sy>Z Am{U qhXy Y_o_r cmoH$mH$Sy>Z S>oadUMo lrkmZZmW
_{Xa EH$m {XdgmV gmH$maco. AZoH$ df} S>oadU`m WmZm`m {damoYmV H$maWmZo H$aUm`m gd
g~{YVmZm `m_wio `mo` Vmo gXoe `m {dwVdoJr H$VrVyZ {_imcm.
~aoM {Xdg Xwcj Pm`m_wio, {ed-g_W JS>mVrc nwVio, {^{m{Mo dJao aJ CSy>Z Iam~ Pmco
hmoVo. Vr gd {Mo, nwVio nwhm aJdyZ, nwV`mda Chm-nmdgmnmgyZ gajU {_ioc Ago n`mMo N>V
~mYyZ {H$`mMr S>mJSw>Or H$$Z `mg nyduMo gmX` nwhm AmU{dco. AmVm {H$`mVrc g^mJhmda
nydu`m n`m`m N>VmEodOr EH$ _hmMS> H$mH$sQ>Mo N>V Kmc`mV Amco Amho. dZr-H$memMr
d`M{bV `moOZm H$$Z {edemhrMm eX~ B{Vhmg {Mo nmhmVmZmM H$mZmda nS>oc Aer `dWm
H$a`mV Amcr Amho. {edm` {H$`mMo doema H$m`m XJS>mZr Z`mZo ~mYyZ A{YH$ ^` Am{U
AmH$fH$ H$a`mV Amco Amho.
lrH$mH$m _hmamOmZr Amn`m gXJw$`m _hm{ZdmUmZVa H$mhr _hdm`m _{XamMo OrUm}ma
Ho$bo Va H$mhr _{Xao Z`mZo C^mabr. `m gd H$m`m_mJMr oaUm AWmVM gXJw$ lr{XJ~aXmg
_hmamO `mMrM hmoVr. Amnbo AZoH$ gH$n Amn`m `m {e`mZo _yVd$nmV AmUmdoV AerM
lr_hmamOmMr BN>m hmoVr, A`Wm lr_hmamOmZr Vo Ho$hmM nyUdmbm Zobo AgVo. AJXr CXmhaUM
m`Mo Va S>oadU òWo "lrdm_r g_W-lram_ _{Xam'gmR>r OmJm {Z{V H$$Z MmWam ~mYyZ R>odbobm
hmoVm. naVw Vo H$m` lrH$mH$m`m H$maH$sXuVM nyU hmdo Aer lr_hmamOmMrM `moOZm hmoVr Am{U
1996 gmbr lrH$mH$m _hmamOmZr `m_mUo Vmo gH$n gmH$ma Ho$bm. Amn`m gXJw$Mm _{h_m
gdmZm {d{XV hmdm, `m`m H$m`mMr `mr dmT>mdr, _hVr A{YH$m{YH$ bmoH$mZm kmV hmdr `m
>rZo lrH$mH$m _hmamOmZr AZoH$ Z`m H$nZmhr `jmV AmU`m. S>oadUbm {ed-g_W JS>m`m
n[agamV EH$ gwXa CmZ V`ma H$a`mV Ambo Amho Vo `mMrM gmj XoVo.
gZ 1992 _ò gmdS>} òWrc lrXod Xm XodWmZmMm OrUm}ma Ho$cm Jobm, Va 1999 _ò
lr {XJ~a~m~m dhmiH$a `m`m g_m{Y_{XamMm gnyU H$m`mnmcQ> H$$Z VoWo A{Ve` a_Ur` Ago
Zdo g_m{Y_{Xa ~mYco Jobo. 1994 _ò lr_hmamOm`m O_Jm_r nmo_|S>r (~w &&) òWo lr_hmamOm`m
Kam`m`m ImgJr _mcH$s`m lram_ _{XamMm OrUm}ma H$$Z A{Ve` XoIUo Ago _{Xa C^maco
Jobo. 1995 gmcr AYoar òWo lrdm_r g_W ZJam_ò lr_hmamOm`m gH$nmZwgma lrdm_r
g_W _{XamMr C^maUr Ho$cr. 1996 _ò lr_hmamOmZr MmWam ~mYyZ {Z{V Ho$co`m OmJr S>oadU
òWo lram_M, lrgrVm_mB, lrc_U, lrhZw_V Am{U `m`m EH$ AJmg lrgX>Jw$ {XJ~aXmg
_hmamO d Xwg`m AJmg A$cH$moQ> {Zdmgr lrdm_r g_W _hmamO `m`m gwXa _yVu Agcoco
"lrdm_r g_W-lram_ _{Xa' nyU H$a`mV Amco. `m _{XamV {X. 26 OmZodmar 1996 amoOr _yVvMr
{V>mnZm Pmcr. amr lr.~S>monV gmocmnyaH$a `m`m daX (c[aAmoZoQ>) dmXZmMm gwlm` H$m`H$_
Pmcm. Xwg`m {XdgmnmgyZ hUOo {X. 27 OmZodmar 1996 Vo 2 \o$~wdmar 1996 `m H$mcmdYrV
lrgeVr hdZ _wI (7000 nmR>, 700 hdZ) nMm`VZ `mJ gn Pmcm. `m AZw>mZmV 343
~mU gh^mJr Pmco hmoV.o do.em.g.nmR>H$emr `mZr lrdmp_H$s am_mÙmMo nmamÙ Ho$co. A$cH$moQ>Mo
lr Mmoimnm _hmamO `mMo ZmVy do._y.nwOmar JwOr `mZr amoO EH$ `m_mUo gmV {Xdg Jwcrcm_VmMr
nmamÙo Ho$cr.
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lr_hm hZw_mZm`m _yVuMr {V>mnZm Pmcr. gH$mir hdZ, gm`H$mir _OmJa, ÔZ AmXr
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`m Q>Q>ZoM ~mYco`m a`mMo S>m~arH$aUmZVa CX>KmQ>Z Pmco. amr 9 dmOVm CH$f `wdm _S>i,
M|XdU (Vm. Hw$S>mi) `m H$cmnWH$mZo lr{ed-g_W JS>mV "Jmo\$Z`' gmXa Ho$co.
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`m ImocrV lr_hmamOmMm O_ Pmcm `m ImocrV lr_hmamOmMr gwXa {V_m WmnZ Ho$cr. VoWrb
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Ho$cr. VoWo H$m`_ nwOmar R>odyZ nyOm-AM}Mr `dWm Ho$cr. `mM dfu ImZy òWo lrJmJoamMo mMrZ
_{XamMm OrUm}ma Ho$cm, Va gZ 2003 _ò ImZy`m Jm_XodVoMo _{Xa ~mYyZ {Xco.
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256 && MV`gy` &&
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Q>Q>`m _mcH$s`m O{_ZrV S>m|JaCVmamda dj cmJdS> _moR>m _mUmda Ho$cr. nmUr AS>dm-nmUr
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CgmhmZo Am{U 10 Vo 12 hOma ^$JUm`m CnpWVrV gw$ Ho$cm. 1997 `m {edO`Vr`m
doir lr_hmamOm`m H$m`mV g_agVoZo, {Z>oZo, XrKH$mi gh^mJr Pmco`m `$sMm Jmad H$a`mV
Amcm. H$._`mgmho~ ~mnygmho~ amOo{eH}$ (gwnw lr.Am~mgmho~ amOo{eH}$ `mZr gH$ma drH$macm),
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lr. Xmmo` emdOr {ZH$_ (gmdS>}) `mMm nwnJwN>, lr\$c Am{U gmo`mMr _ZJQ>r (~ogcoQ>) XoD$Z
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Amn`m H$cmHw$garZo _{XamMr gOmdQ> H$aUm`m VgoM nwUo Am{U S>oadU òWrc ^` Aem aWmMr
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WmQ>mV gH$ma H$a`mV Amco. {X. 5 _mM 1999 amoOr ~mOr^y XoenmS>o, X`mgmaJ H$mhmoOr AmJo,
ògmOr H$H$, ~mOr nmgcH$a, ~mXc, OoYo AmXr Zm_dV gaXmam`m deOmMo gH$ma H$a`mV
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g_m{ZV H$a`mV Amco.
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Umc` d amoJ{ZXmZ H|$' ho A`V AmYw{ZH$V_ gmYZmZr gwgm Ago Umc` gw$ Pmco.
lr_hmamOm`m H$m`mVrc hm A`V _hdmMm Agm H$n hmoVm. XwXd mZo dmcmdcH$agmho~ _m hm
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ho Umc` Am{U VoWrc H$_Mm`mMo {Zdmgr gHw$c Ago EH$ chmZgo d`nyU JmdM `m
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gwgm Aer XmoZ AmnaoeZ {WEQ>g `mZr ho hmpnQ>c n[anyU Amho. òWo nmàb gr.Q>r.H$Z,
AQ>m gmD$S>, Eg-ao, S>m`{cgrg, gwgm nWmcmOr c~, a$noT>r B. gmo`r CncY AmhoV.
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Zm_dV Vk S>mQ>g òWo godm^mdr dmrZo òD$Z Amn`m H$me`mMm cm^ JmoaJar~ OZVocm XoVmV.
`m {R>H$mUr AmH$maco OmUmao ewH$ ehar Umc`m`m VwcZoZo H$_r Amho. An Cn JQ>mVrc
UmZm Va gma Q>`mn`V gyQ> Xo`mV òVo. `m_wio Jar~ H$moH$Ur OZVogmR>r ho Umc` daXmZ
R>aco Amho. `m Umc`mMr _m{hVr _m{hVrOmcmda (BQ>aZoQ>da) www.walawalkarhospital.com
`m gHo$V Wimda CncY Pm`mnmgyZ OJâmVrc godm^mdr S>mQ>g AmVm d`\y$VuZo òWo òD$Z
Amnco H$me` JmoaJar~ OZVogmR>r CncY H$$Z XoV AmhoV. doJdoJ`m nmm` XoemVrc S>mQ>amMr
{e{~ao AmVm dmadma òWo hmoV AgVmV.
lr_hmamOmZr KS>{dco`m S>m.~mUmdcr `m`m `ZmVyZ _w~B`m Q>mQ>m _o_mo[a`c hmpnQ>cZo
H$ga amoJm`m {V~YmgmR>r EH$ _moR>m H$n òWo gw$ Ho$cm Amho. gw_mao 80 H$_Mmar Am{U ghm
JmS>m `m`m gmhm`mZo H$moH$U`m VrZhr {OmV H$ga`m g^m` UmMo, KamoKar OmD$Z
gd}jU Mmcy Amho. Q>ocr H$m\$apgJ`m VmZo S>oadU òWyZM _w~B`m Q>mQ>m hmpnQ>c_Yrc Vk
S>mQ>amMr _XV KoD$Z amoJ{ZXmZ hmoVo. òWo _wI, J^me` Aem H$mhr H$ma`m H$H$amoJmda _mo\$V
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gmo`, dN>VmJh, CnmhmaJh Amho. UmMo Am{U H$_Mm`mMo H$nS>o, MmXar dJao dN> Am{U
{ZOVwH$ nVrZo Yw`mgmR>r EH$m dV B_maVrV ~m`ca, S>màgh cmS>r Amho. Zm Z\$m Zm VmoQ>m
Vdmda MmcUmao AmfYmMo XwH$mZ Amho.
Q>Q>Mo H$_Mmar XyaXya`m Jmdr OmD$Z {e{~ao KoD$Z cmoH$mZm dH$s` godm nwadV AgVmV.
~mcgJmonZ, _mVm d J^mMo Amamo` AmXr {df`mMo ~moYZ H$aVmV. S>mo`m`m e{H$`m, Hw$Qw>~
{Z`moOZ {e{~ao, Xw^Jco`m AmoR> Am{U Q>miyda cpQ>H$ gOar, hmS>mMr XwIUr Aem AZoH$ {deof
{e{~amMo Am`moOZ H$$Z `m jomVrc {deof Hw$ec S>mQ>gZm ~mocmdco OmVo. 1 \o$~wdmar 2001
amoOr g_W Z{gJ Hy$cMm ew^ma^ Pmcm. òWo E.EZ.E_. Am{U Or.EZ.E_. ho XmoZ Z{gJMo A`mgH$_
{eH$dco OmVmV. {edm` nr.Or.S>r.E_.Ec.Q>r. hm nWmcmOrMm A`mgH$_hr {eH${dcm OmVmo.
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Am{U n[al_. Umc`mVrc doemamVyZ AmV doe Ho$`mda g_moaM ^Vlo> dmcmdcH$agmho~mMr
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Hw$Qw>~mVrc _wcogwm `m emioMm cm^ KoVmV. IoS>mnmS>mVrc _wcmZm Xwc^ Aem AZoH$ ej{UH$
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lrH$mH$m _hmamOmZr Ho$co`m H$m`mMm hm AmT>mdm gdg_mdoeH$ Amho Ago hUVm òUma Zmhr;
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EH$ Ord Xmohr R>m`r & ZQ>cmgo VmoMr nmhr &&
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n[a{e> H$. 1
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n[a{e> H$. 2
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hmoVmo Wmoa nmhm _hmogd AOr Jm_mV gmo_oa &&
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AmVm OmC PUt doe H$$ `m h| ^` _mOr Ka &&
Zm_o gmod{Z O| Ago gw{ec V| gm O| gHw$i &&
Ko ZmamÙ O_ `mV ~h hmo Omo AVar o_i &&
`mMm nw Ago gwerc {hVgm `m ~mocVr Zahar &&
Xmmo` ~Qy> gw~w {XgVmo VoOpd `mMo Kar &&
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JmVr _Jc A>H|$ {H${VVar doXmW Amcm{nVr &&
`m `moJ| ~Qw> hmo` nm {eH$`m gfm AmUr lwVr &&
gmjmV Ba Am{U gd {d^w{V (Vr) gZH$m{X `moJoa &&
Vgo gd{h am>^$ OZ Vo XodmoV VyV| da &&
lram_ ^wMm gw^$ hZw_mZ H${c_mOr gmjmV Ago &&
XodmoZr ~cdr` Am{U gw_Vr ajrc Vy Vo Vg| &&
lram_ ^w, am_Xmg Jw Vmo, Vgm {edmOr Zn &&
dm_r A$cH$moQ>dm{g {d^w Omo ^$m gwIXm`H$ &&
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n[a{e> - 2 / 261
Vgo cmc{h ~mc nmc AdKo JmYr dXoer dVr &&

Zgm}nV{h _mcdr` Zoho$ AaqdX ~m~y `Vr &&
H$mVr^$ Vgo H$arV AgVr Oo mUhr AnU &&
Vo Xodmo {Zdam Vwcm VwOVr ajmoV gmao OU &&
Xmm Pmcm{g Vy ~m {O JwdMZ| OmU ho gmM AmVm &&
amImoZr Y_ gmao Z_w{Z JwOZm hmoB Vy Vddomm &&
Jmo_mVoVo nwOmoZr {V{XqZ H$[a Vy `k`mJm{X AmVm &&
nmimoZr ~M`m {ZOHw$c ^wfdt gyè| Vy gwH$mVm &&
Xm`m`m nH$s AmOr V{c âV^y XrZhr hmo` AmVm &&
\$moS>r A`V Q>mhmo {VO{V ~gVr ZrM nmm` cmm &&
_mJ| {H$òH$ Pmco ~h {dY AgVr AmOhr am>^$ &&
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o_mMr ôQ> Xmm VwO{V {XYcr ~YwZ| hrM EH$ &&
R>odt {Mmr gXd, VwO{V ^w Vmo R>oD$ Xo gyI$n &&
10
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16. lr. AemoH$amd aKwZmWamd Omoer
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22. gm. {Z_bm~mB ZriH$R>amd Iao
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29. S>m. h[a^mD$ ^m. AmR>ò
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31. lr. h[a ZmamÙ Vm~o
n[a{e> - 3 / 263
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( _yi n _moS>rV Amho )
&& lr JwXod Xmmo`m` Z_: &&
&& lr g {XJ~am` Z_: &&
e{Zdma, {X. 25.6.49
lr gVlo> ddmZwgYmZr na_nmdZ `moJramO nyU~d$n A{Ic OJVVmaH$ ^`{ZdmaH$

lrg {XJ~a~m~md$n amdgmho~ gh~wo _mPr na_ny` AmBMo MaUr AZ`^mdo Z_H$ma.
gm>mJ XS>dV {dkmnZm Aer H$s AmJmam gmX {_imcm na_ AmZX Omhcm. gH$no|-H$$Z
Amn`m H$noZo òWo am{hcmo Amho. gd gm^mi H$aUma AmB g_W Amho. lrgZo O| XmI{dVmV Vo
n[a{e> - 3 / 265
nmhmV AgVmo. e$sMm Ioi Mmcy Amho. Zm__aU `mMo VmoM H$arV AgVmo. gVH$nm h|M _mPo
na_^m`. AmVm lr`wV gmVnwVo _hmamO hoS>cmH$ nmoQ>c gwn[aQ>|S>|Q> ho OmV AmhoV. AZwJ{hV gV
AmhoV. `mOda H$nm Agmdr. gm^mi hmdm. lo>mg mg mdm cmJVmo. naVw OJV MmJ`m H$mao
Mmcmdo hUyZ OrdmMm gm^mi d Cma Amn`mH$S>o. _r AkmZ ~mcH$. \$$ h_mcrMo H$m_ H$arV
Amho. VrM ^wH$nm hmo`. _R>mVrc gdmg Z_H$ma d Amn`mH$S>o òUmao gd gVmg Z_H$ma.
lr. Jo _hmamO R>rH$, am. am. JmoS>~moco _hmamO dH$sc gdM jo_. {M. _Yy JmoS>~moco jo_. na`mMo
AmirVrc gd jo_. H$nm gmX {Z` Agmdm. d$nr _Z amhZ JwMaUr T> lm Agmdr hrM
{dkmnZm.
gVMaUaOgodH$,
lrg {XJ~aMaUXmg
{d>c JUoe Omoer
lrJwXod Xmmo`mnU_Vw. gH$cgV {d^yVtg Z_H$ma. Am{Xd$nmg Z_H$ma.
3.
&& lr &&
&& VV gV &&
&& lr gado Z_: &&
Amamo` {dlmVr Jh
amZS>o amoS>, XmXa 28, ~r.~r.
{X. 1.6.52
lrgMaUr ~mcHo$ {d>c `mMm {H$mc MaUr _VH$ R>Do $Z {eagm>mJ Z_H$ma.
{dkmnZm Aer H$s :Amncm {Zamon KoD$Z {ZKmcmo. "lr'H$noZo òWo| gwI$n òD$Z nmohmoMcmo. maY H$_ OmoaXma,
eara maY ^moJrV Amho. gXmo{XV d-d$nmZwgYmZ Agmdo d lrg{Z>m T> hmdr hrM
H$nm`mMZm. coH$amda H$nmnmIa Agmdr. _wco AkmZr MwH$VmV AmBM `mZm gm^miVo. AnJ _wcmH$S>o
AmBMo cj OmV AgVo. _r eXmZo H$m` {ch. _r ZmhrM. H$m` Amho Vo VwhrM. ` `m{H$mH$Sy>Z
Mmc{dco OmV Amho.
lrgV ~mnQ> _hmamO, lr. ~mB, lr. Omoer~wdm d lr. H$mio AmXr gdmg Z_H$ma. _R>mV
lrg ~rS>H$a _hmamO g_mYrg d g_V XodVmZm gm>mJ Z_H$ma. H$nmgmX nmR>dmdm.
lr. OmoJioH$a (`mZm) Z_H$ma, EH$Ord AmhoV. d$nr a_VmV.
lr. Omdio d lr. ggmao XeZmH$[aVm òUma AmhoV. H$nm Amho VrM Agmdr. Vo _cm òWo
gm^miVmV. gd gV EH$M VdmV {_gicoco AmhoV. lr. gmVnwVo gmho~ Am`mg `mModa H$nm
266 && MV`gy` &&
Agmdr. ^{$_mZ Ord AmhoV.

gd rnwf $nmZo ZQ>co`m `m na_m_ d$nmcm eVe: {UnmV AgmoV. lrgMaUr
Xoh nS>mo, godm KS>mo, gV gmZ ôQ>r d ghdmg Agy Xo. OrdmH$maUo godm KS>mdr. gH$nmVrV hmoD$Z
dd$nmV, chmZmV chmZ hmoD$Z, AIS> a__mU hmdo hrM H$nm`mMZm. H$nmgmX nmR>dmdm.
d{S>cmMo godoer lwV hmo` ho {dkmnZm.
Amncm _wcJm,
gVMaUaO,
{d. J. Omoer
4.
&& VV gV &&
&& lr gamO _mCcr & lrgamO Am_mam_&&
Amamo` {dlmVr Jh
amZS>o amoS>, XmXa 28, ~r.~r.
{X. 10.10.52
lrg ~m~mMo MaUr {H$mc _VH$ R>oD$Z ~mcHo$ {d>c `mMo {eagm>mJ Z_H$ma.
g_m{Y_{XamMo H$m_ Amn OmoamV gw$ Zmhr. naVw Amn`m H$noZo cdH$aM Omoa hmoBc Aer
Imr Amho. _cm H$O \$ma. H$Yr _moH$im H$amc Vmo gw{XZ. _r chmZ _yc. na_oad$n AmnU
AV`m_r amhZ Ogo Mmcdmc, Vgo ho ` Mmcoc. _cm AhH$ma ZH$mo. nmnnw` ZH$mo. \$$ Amncr
AZ` ^$s m. _r Za H$m` _mJmdo ? Xohm~amo~a gd Jmo>r R>aco`mM AmhoV. Xod ^`H$a
maY^moJ nwT>o gm$Z n[ajm nhmV Amho d ^cVoM H$_^moJ nwT>o òV AmhoV.
naVw _r Vo H$m AhoamdoV ? ^moJZy gndrV Amho. gaoc Vohm _J {c{h`mMo ^mZ Var H$go Caoc ?
gd gV EH$. Amn`m d$nmV AmOda gdmZm nmhmV Amcmo. _cm H$nmgmX AJmam gajU
nmR>dm. AmnU 1930 gmcr gm{JVco H$s Iyn OoD$Z dW Pmonm. chmZ _wcmMo IamoIaM ho H$m_.
naVw Amn Vo nyUnUo O_V Zmhr. Amn`m H$noZo Ho$hm nyUnUo O_oc Vo Ia|. VyV g_m{YH$m`mV
Amho.
AmnUmcm {chZ H$i{dUoMr O$a Zmhr. AmnU {H$mckmZmZo AV`m_r ~mcH$mcm OmUyZ
ga{jV AmhmVM. AmnUM hQ>`m_mUo _mPo EH$_od nwaH$V}. `m{edm` AmZ H$moUmH$S>o nmhmdo.
_m`~mn Vy {M gg_Wm & `mZ ho VdVm ~mUmo {Z` && 1 &&
n[a{e> - 3 / 267
AIS> AZwgY
mZ d$nt cmJmdo & V Z ^mgmdo jUâr && 2 &&
AhH$ma nyU Omdmo {dc`mgr & {MXmZXmnmer {Mm amhmo && 3 &&
AVar g am{hcm AmnU & `mMo MaUr _Z JwV mo gXm && 4 &&
Xmg hUo _O EH$ ^$s XoUo & d$nr R>odUo AIS>rV && 5 &&
gd ~Y^w {JZrg d _R>mV rc gdmg Z_H$ma. d{S>cmMo godgo r lwV hmo` ho {dkmnZm.
Amnco ~mcH$,
{d. J. Omoer
5.
&& lr &&
C/o ~r.Ama.{c_ò, \$mQ>H$ `mMo Ka,
&& VV gV &&
&& lrgadoZ_: &&
ImcMr Amir, _w.nmo.Vm.aZm{Jar

{X. 13.1.53
lrg ~m~mMo MaUr ~mcHo|$ {d>c `mMo {H$mc _VH$ R>oD$Z {eagm>mJ XS>dV Z_H$ma.
{dkmnZm Aer H$s,
n nmdco. H$nmAmerdmXmV ZdMV`mMr â nS>cr. _cm XoUo Amho. lrgZm {d{XV Amho.
lrgH$noZo Xod `mMr `dWm H$arc. amoO EH$ cj nò Amn`m noT>rda _wcmMo O_m AmhoV.
OJmV lr_V EH$ na_m_m. `m`m{edm` H$moUr lr_V Zmhr. VmoM gd H$mhr Jmo> KS>dVmo ho Amnco
dMZ nyUnUo `mZmV Amho.
lrgamOH$noZo Xa_hm H$mhr Var _XV OmV amhrc. _cm MaUnmXwH$m `j nm{hOoV. maY
^moJyZ gndrV Amho. IoX H$aUo H$emcm ? lrg$n {Z` AZwgYmZmV amhmo. d lrgMaUr T>
{Z>m amhmo hoM _mJUo. _cm g^mim. {Z` H$nmgmX, {X` e$s, lrg`m _ZmV òVmM XoVrc.
_r H$m _mJmdo ? Ak Ordmcm H$m` hdo Vo lrgamO _mD$crcm g_OV Amho. _wcmMo ~ao dmBQ>
lrg_mCcrcmM _mhrV. eXmZr H$m` {c{hUo ?
lrgV ~mnQ> _hmamO, lrgV XoenmS>o, lrgV ~mB, lrgV Jwogmho~, d cmJy, lrgV H$mio,
Omoer, OmoJioH$a Am{X gdmg o_i Z_H$ma. _R>mV lr _hmamO MaUr, lr {ed, lr {d>caIw_mB,
lr JUoe, lr _mVr, lr OJX~m, AZV na_oamcm Z_H$ma. JOmZZ èdV JmoIco `mg AZoH$
AmerdmX. lrggodm H$amdr. `mZo M[aVmW Mmcoc. H$nmgnmXZm[edm` A` H$mhrM Zmhr. lr_V
Jo jo_. lr. {c_ò jo_. H$nmgmX nmR>dmdm. godogr lwV hmo` ho {dkmnZm
lrg~mcH$,
{d. J. Omoer
268 && MV`gy` &&
6.
&& lr gX>JwamO g &&
C/o nmS>w aJ amd _a~ir
4/6/23, Vmc_$s dmS>r,

VmS>Xod amoS>, _w~B.
{X. 24.11.53
lrg~m~mMo MaUr {H$mc _VH$ R>oD$Z ~mcH|o$ {d>c `mMo {eagm>mJ Z_H$ma.
{dkmnZm Aer H$s, Amn`m Amko_mUo lr. am. am. nmSw>aJamd _a~ir `mMgo h 3/10 Mo
_ocZo {ZKyZ gm`H$mir 7& cm òWo òD$Z gwI$n nmohm|Mcm|.
AmVm AmnU R>o{d`m_mUo lr. am. am. nmSw>aJamd _a~ir `mMo Kar CVacmo Amho. R>odmc
{VVH$m amhrZ. ZVa aZm{JarhZ 20 Vo 21 {S>g|~aMo gw_mamg lrg$ `mohZ naV Am`mda,
ltMo XeZmgmR>r ò`mMr ltMr Amkm Amho `m_mUo òBZ. aZm{Jarg Jo`mda lr H$a{dVrc
`m_mUo B>oQ>rMr gd dmQ>n dJao `dWm H$arZ. ltMr BN>m Ag`mg B>oQ> amhrc.$A`
_mJmZo Xo`mMr `dWm ltZm {dXrV Ho$`m_mUo hmoBc. _r - __ ~mocr `WM Pmcr Amho.
lrgdmMyZ {dmV AmZ H$mhrM Zmhr. eXmZo H$m` {c{hco OmUma? lrg$ X`_{XamV
am{Xdg amhZ, A{^VoZo dòM gd H$arV AmhoV. \$$ eXmV V ^mgVo EdT>oM. `m nojm gd
EH$M. A`w`m AmVm gd Amho. `m_wio A`moòM|M d{eR> \$$ lram_m`m AdVma g_mr_wio.
Vmo lram_ `j nw`mVM amhU|Mm Amho. VrM A`mo`m gdXm d Amho d `mcm ~hV df}
H$mcmdYr Amho. nw`mV Ka-~JrMm, Amdmamgh Pm`mda nwT>| BVa Jmo>tMm {dMma lr dm_r
g_W AmkoZwgma hmoBc. lr. nmSw>aJamd lr. H$H$semr AmXr gdM _S>ir jo_. lrJwH$noZo gm.
_m~mB jo_ Amho. lrMaUr {VMr AZ`lm Amho. lr. {dUy {MniyUH$a òD$Z ôQ>cm `mcm
ZmoH$ar Zmhr lr H$noZo cdH$aM cmJoc. ltMr `m`mda H$nm AmhoM. lr. emVmam_ Am{~ò d
\$S>Ho$ R>rH$ AmhoV. darc gdmMo lrMaUr AZV Z_H$ma {d{XV AgmdoV. lr. H$mio, AmioH$a,
XmVma, Omoer Hw$iJmd, ^Q>, OmoJioH$a, Am~oH$a, {MVio, Wmo, JmoIco d gd Jw~Yyg Z_H$ma.
AmaVr am_Mm & g ~m~m nyUM
m & namna Am_$nm & ~moYgy`m H$nm H$am && 1 &&
nM^yV|-_Z-~wr & AhH$ma-{Mm gYr & Eogr A>Ym H$Vr & V`|VyZr nma nmS>m && 2 &&
kmZ`moVr nmOimoZ & Oimo Ah^md nyU & ^dZXr ncWS>t & ZoB Amhm `moJ
o am && 3 &&
H$nZmOmi gma| & Q>mH$s gh$Zr da| & {MXmZX Am_gm` & XoB H$no`m XmVmam && 4 &&
n[a{e> - 3 / 269
jamja `mgr na & nwfmom_ Jw$da & {ZamH$mar {ZahH$ma & VoW ZoB Jm qH$H$am && 5 &&
{ZOmZXr gdH$mi & R>odr d$nr {Z_i & Xmg {dRy> MaUr cmJo & X`r `mVmo Jw$dam && 6 &&

godoer lwV hmo` ho {dkmnZm chmZ _yc,
{d. J. Omoer
7.
&& lr &&
C/o ~r.Ama.{c_ò
&& VV gV &&
&& lr gX>Jwado Z_: &&
~mS> am`Q>a, ~Xa amoS>

aZm{Jar
{X. 1.2.54
lrg _mCcr ~m~mMo MaUt {H$mc _VH$ R>oD$Z ~mcH|$ {d>c `mMo {eagm>mJ Z_H$ma
{dkmnZm Aer H$s :lr gV {XJ~a~m~mMm Cgd CaHy$Z aZm{Jarg Amcmo. gmo~V lr.dmcmdcH$a `mZr {Xcocm
AJmam d gmX OmV Amho.
gd ~YyZm Amnco {Zamon gm{JVco AmhoV. dmQ>nmMo H$m_ lr.{c_ò `mZr hmVt KoVco Amho.
lrg BN>o_mUo B>oQ> R>odUoM Va Vr lrg$ ZmdoM amhrc. maYH$_mZwgma H$O O_O_m{OV
dmS>d{S>cm{OV XoU| Vr `dWm lrg$Mo H$mZmda AmhoM. `m _mUo `m _{h`mV `Z H$aUma
Amho. _r d lrg `mV ôX ZmhtM. eara \$$ nw`mg naVw AIS> dmV` X`mV Amho. \$$
Ord^mdmZo {^Vm, Vr hr godoH$[aVm. _mPr B>oQ> H$m` Amho ? Amho Zmhr gd EH$ g$Mo \$$. _r
`mZrM {Z_mU Ho$cocm Zm_YmaH$. `mnojm lrgMaUr OmV eX| {ZdoXZ H$m` H$aUma ?
lrg BN>o_mUo `mZr `m _wcmOdi dmV` H$a`mMo R>a{dc|. V|M gd H$arV AmhoV
`m~c eH$m Zmhr.
lr.Jw.~Yy _a~ir Jmo`mg Joco AmhoV. `mZm gm{JV`m_mUo `mZr `Z Ho$co AmhoV. ltZm
eXt {c{h`mMr Amd`H$Vm Zmhr. Omo AV`m_mV am{Xdg amhZ gd {dmMo `dhma A{cdo
OmUVmo, `mcm _r VynUmZo H$m` {chmd| d H$g|o {chmd| ? naVw _wcmMo ~mo~S>o ~moc EoHy$Z _mVocm AmZX
hmoVmo d Vr `mM ~mo~S>m ~mocmZo `mMo H$mVwH$ H$aVo. Jw{e`$nmZo lrgM Amnco AmnU ZQy>Z
gd Jmo>r AH$V}nUmZo H$adrV AmhoV, `mnojm OmV Zmhr. dmUr VYmdVo. eX Anwam nS>Vmo.
270 && MV`gy` &&
AmVmn`V gm^mi lrgM H$aVmV _J nwT>Mr H$miOr _cm H$emcm ? _r nUm CJmM ZH$mo. Vmo ""_r''
nyUnUo 1 AmJQ>Mo AJmoXa lrMaUr AnU Omhcm Amho.
òWrc H$m_| nwar hmoVmM H$i{dVm| d ôQ>rg òVmo. nwT>o earamZo lrg OoWo R>odVrc VoWo d Vem
AdW|V amhrZ.
Xa _{h`mg n OmV amhrcM. lrdm_r MaUr, lrg ~rS>H$a _hmamO MaUr d gd XodXodVmg
AZV Z_H$ma. EH$ lrgMaUr Z_H$ma hUOo gdmg {_imcmM, naVw `dhma hUyZ {c{hUo.
_R>mVrc nmSw>aJ, eH$a, _mVr, JUnVr, XmamO, gd XodXodVm d ~mnQ>_hmamO d BVa gd
_hmamOmMo g{Y Agco`m gd d$nmg Z_H$ma.
lrMaUmMo XeZmg òUm`m, ltMo gm{`mV AgUm`m gdmg Z_H$ma.
_r chmZ ~mcH$, ltZr H$nm AmerdmX, e$s {X`mgM Mmcy ~mocy eH$Uma. lr. Jw. ~Yw
XmVmamMo n {_iyZ _OHy$a g_Ocm. ^m`dmZ _r chmZ Amho. lrgH$noZo _cm gm^mim.
lrggodno aVo ^m` Zmhr. lr. Jw. ~Yy H$mio `mg Z_H$ma.
godoer lwV hmo` ho {dkmnZm chmZ _yc,
{d. J. Omoer.
8.
&& lr &&
C/o ~r.Ama.{c_ò
&& VV gV &&
&& lr gX>Jwado Z_: &&
~mS> am`Q>a, ~Xa amoS>

aZm{Jar
{X. 12/4/54
lrg _mCcr ~m~mMo MaUr {H$mc _VH$ R>oD$Z ~mcH|$ {d>c `mMo {eagm>mJ Z_H$ma
{dkmnZm Aer H$s :lrg ~rS>H$a _hmamO `mMr nw`{VWr ImZy òWo Omhcr. XodWmZ VyV ImZygM Amho. d
nd_mZ EH$mXUr Omhcr. lrH$noZo gd `WmgmJ Omhco. `mdoir XodmnwT>o Amco`m EH$Xa nemMr
nò XhmMr _{ZAmSa> _R>mV lrgV ~mnQ> _hmamO `mMHo $S>o nana nmR>d{dcr Amho. lr MaUt {d{XV hmd.o
amr Ama`m d dMZo Omhcr. gd {Xdg M[a dmMZ Omhc|. `Wme$s _S>ir gmXmcm hmoVr.
lrM gd H$adyZ KoV AmhoV.
ImZy òWo JwZmW Zm_| nmonQ> Amcocm Amho. lrMaUr lwV hmdo.
n[a{e> - 3 / 271
lrdm_r O`Vr Omhcr. mMr EH$mXUr Omhcr. lrdm_r nw`{VWr VoW|M hmoBc. dV
OmJo{edm` XodWmZ hmcdUo `mo` Zmhr.
lr._a~ir Jmo`mhZ Jmdr Joco AmhoV. dmQ>nmMo H$m_ Amn $imda òV Zmhr. lr.{c_`mMr
_`Wrhr Amn \$imcm òV Zmhr. AmVm ZdrZ df gw$ Omhc|. AmVm lr MaUt gm{JV`m_mUo XmoZ
`Z H$aUma Amho. lrM Vo `mo`doir H$adyZ KoVrc d gmao R>rH$ hmoBc
. no nmo>mV Q>mH $VmM H$idrZ.
ltMr H$Vr A{cH$S>o dmadma R>rH$ Zmhr. H$fVm \$ma Ag| g_OV| Var H$miOr `mdr, h`J`
ZH$mo. Aer {dkmnZm Amho. AgodZ H$aUo Amd`H$ Amho.
EH$Xm gd H$O XoD$Z _moH$im Pmcm| H$s gwQ>cm|. {nVamoma d maYH$_^moJ lrM ^moJyZ gndrV
AmhoV d ltZm AZV l_ `m _wcmH$[aVm hmoV AmhoV, `m ~c _Zmcm dmBQ> dmQ>Vo.
Amkm hmoBc d lr ZoVrc `mdoit ôQ>rcm òBZ. lr H$adyZ KoVmV `m_mUo gd Mmcco Amho.
AVaJr AmUr ~mhoar & gd lrg$M MamMat &
[aVm R>md {dm_mPmar & V`mdrU Zmhr &&
Eogo AgVr __ g$ & _r Vm| V`mMo Ak coH$$ &
AVar ~gco lrg$ & òVwc|M R>md| &&
gd H$Vm AmUr H$a{dVm & nmnnw`mgr KS>{dVm &
gwIXw:Imgr ^moJ{dVm & EH$ {M ~mny &&
Vmo {M gd ZQ>cm & AmnU{M ^yVm^mg| {dIwacm &
nar AIS> Ago namn$ R>ocm & Z _moS>Vm hr &&
Eogm AmZXmMm _yi gmJa & Vmo {M _mPm g$ gd}da &
gH$i {dmgr V`mMm AmYma & hUmoZ Mmco &&
AVagmjr gdkmVm & kmZmkmZm {dahrVm &
Ho$di gmoMmhr ^Vm & gm{jd| Omo H$s &&
Vmo AmhmgmR>r gJwU Omhcm & Ho$di AmZXmMm nwVim &
MV`mMmM H$s nmVcm & H$nmiy Wmoa &&
gX` gH$n gH$imgr & H$nm>r ~mcH$m ajr &
Akm{Z`m gkm{Z`mgr & g_do nmhr &&
lr gXJw $~m~m _mCcr & hr Vmo XohmnwaVr ~mocr &
nar gXJ
w crcm d{Ucr & Ho$dt Om`&&
X`t AIS> amhVr & AmUr Xmgm ga{jVr &
H$nmH$Q>mjo, _aU|M XoVr & Am_kmZ &&
272 && MV`gy` &&
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Eo{e`m Jw_mD$crM| gJwU$n & nmhVm dmQ>o gwI A_yn &

hUmoZ mWu {ednXt, gH$n & hmd| `mgr &&
Amhm Ak ~mcmH$maU| & lr g$$ _yVr EoetM R>odU| &
AmUr `mYr {ZagmoZr H$aU| & Amamo` V`m &&
h| Vm| An_VrM| ~mocU| & nar KS>o o_â| dXU| &
Zm Var lr gX>J
w _mCcr OmUo & gdmV`m_ &&
Eoem lr gXJ
w MaUr dXZ & dmadma ~mcH$ H$$Z &
mWu gX`m H$nm H$amoZ & ~miH$mgr gm^mir Jm &&
&& lrg$MaUmaqdXmnU_Vw &&
11
12
13
14
gd _S>itg `Wm`mo` Z_H$ma. eXmZr H$m` {ch ? lt Zr {ch{dc| V| {chrc|, _mPo

godH$nU {M Caco. lr MaUr lwV hmo` ho {dkmnZm.
Amncm,
lrMaU godH$
chmZ _yc {d>c
9.
&& lr &&
C/o
~r.Ama.{c_ò
~Xa amoS>, aZm{Jar
{X. 17/2/1954
VgV &
lrgado Z_: &
lrg _mCcr ~m~mMo MaUr {H$mc _VH$ R>oD$Z ~mcH|$ {d>c `mMo {eagm>mJ Z_H$ma.
{dkmnZm Aer H$s lrg _mD$crH$Sy>Z jo_ ~aoM {XdgmV Zmhr. Var H$nm AmerdmX jo_`w$ `md|
Aer {dkmnZm Amho. lrg _mD$crMr H$Vr R>rH$ Zmhr Ag| dmQ>V|. Var ImU| {nU| d AmfY `mV
h`J` ZH$mo. Amhm chmZ ~mcH$mg gajU d XeZmMo o_ hd| Amho. ltZm H$mhr Amd`H$ Va
H$i{dU| d ~mcH$mH$Sy>Z godm H$adyZ KoUo. gdM Jmo>r _mCcr H$arV Amho. eXt H$m` {ch. gd
n[aMrV _S>itg Z_H$ma. lrd$nmV lrdm_r g_Wmg d lr~rS>H$a _hmamO d AZV H$moQ>r
XodXodVmg lrMaUrM Z_H$ma.
lrg$Mo MaUr _Z _mPo gdXmM h| amhmo &
Z dgmo ggmarMo {df`t `m X`r d$nr amhmo && 1 &&
n[a{e> - 3 / 273
X`r gam`m MaUmMo ~mcH$m KS>mo `mZ &

{Mmm Am{UH$ H$mht ZM hmodmo AmV V| H$Xm ^mZ && 2 &&
MaUr lwV hmo` ho {dkmnZm.

lrgMaUaO,
chmZ ~mcH$
{d. J. Omoer.
10.
&& lr &&
VgV &
lrgado Z_: &
lrg_W ^moOZJh
Eg.Q>r._moQ>ma Q>S>g_moa,
aZm{Jar, {X. 27.7.1954
lrg _mCcr ~m~mMo n{d MaUr ~mcH|$ {d>c `mMo {H$mc _VH$ R>oD$Z {eagm>mJ Z_H$ma
{dkmnZm Aer H$s Jw_mCcrMr H$Vr AmO _{hZm XrS> _{hZm R>rH$ Zmhr. Var godHo $[aVm Amkm {X`mg ò`mMr Vrd
BN>m Amho d XeZmMr Vi_i Amho. Var _mCcrZo H$nm>rZo ~mcH$mcm nadmZJr {X`mg R>rH$ hmoBc
.
_m`mH$[aVm H$> ZH$moV. O_moO_rM H$> AmhoV ho C_OV Amho. naVw hr OmoS>r AerM Amho Vr \w$Q>Uo
e` Zmhr.
lr. am. am. _a~ir òWo òD$Z _w~Bg Joco. XeZmH$[aVm {VH$S>o OmVrc. `m`m BN>o_mUo gd H$m_|
nwat hmoVrc. lr_mCcrM gd H$m_o H$adrV Amho. AmVm _r Zm__m.
_R>mMo H$m_m~chr _m{hVr {_ioc. Vo H$m_hr Jw^$mH$Sy>Z nwa| hmoUma. `mMr VOdrO hmoV Amho. Vgm
gH$n Amho. _mPr AmnU gm{JVcocr B>Qo >rMr H$m_| Amn`m BN>o _mUo nwar hmoVrc. `mH$[aVm H$> ZH$mo. _r
Vr Pmct AgoM
g_OVm.o _cm AhH$ma ZH$mo Vmo _r _mCcr`m MaUr AnU Ho$cm. AmVm CJmM cQ>H$m H$m AmUy.
lr_mCcrnwT>o _wcmMo H$m` MmcUma ? Var hr ltMr BN>m Agoc `m_mUo hmoBc
. naVw g`m X{jUm`Z
Amho. Amn Amhmcm nwH$i XeZmMr d ghdmgmMr BN>m Vr _mCcrM nwar H$aUma.
earamgmR>r WmoS>r AmfYr d A KoUM
| | Amd`H$ Var KoUo O$a. nadmZJr {_iVmM òVm.o
godoer lwV hmo` ho {dkmnZm.
Amncm,
MaUaO, chmZ _yc,
{dR>m~o m.
274 && MV`gy` &&
11.
{V - lrgV b. J. ~mnQ>, lr~rS>H$a _hmamO _R>, nwUo
&& lr &&
&& VV gV &&
&& lrgado Z_: &&
H$m{VH$ ew && 6, eHo$ 1873

a{ddma {X. 4-11-51
aZm{Jar
lrgV ~mnQ> _hmamO `mgr {H$mb MaUr _VH$ R>oD$Z {eagm>mJ Z_H$ma. {dkmnZm Aer
H$s, lrg {XJ~a~m~m `mMr g_mYr ~mY`mM| gmdS>} Vm. {MniyU òW| R>ab| Amh|. `mM| An
_m{hVrnH$ gmo~V nmR>{db| Amh|. `mda AmnU M[amV {b{hbobmM cmoH$ Kmbmdm Ag| Am`m_wi|
Vmo gwadmVrbmM KmVbm Amho. Oer _m{hVr Ambr `m _mU| {b{hbr Amho. _r bhmZ _yb. AmnU
gd gV H$noMr nmIa KmbrV AmhmV. _r {Z{_m_m. H$m` gd AmnUM H$arV AmhmV. `mH$m_r ngo
O_{d`mH$[aVm _w~Bg òBZ Vohm nw`mg òBZ `mdoit `j ~mobU|. lrgXJw$ ~rS>H$a _hmamOMaUt
d gd XodVmMo MaUt gm>mJ {UnmV gmJmdo. gmo~VMr EH$ V lr. XoenmS>o _hmamO `mg mdr.
`mg Z_H$ma gmJmdo. lr ~mB `mg Z_H$ma gmJmdo. _bm AJmam gmX d H$nm AmerdmX gajU
nmR>dm. {Z` AZwgYmZ Agmdo hm AmerdmX m. dmadma XeZ KS>mo. lr. Jo gV jo_. godoer lwV
hmo` ho {dkmnZm.
Amnbm,
gVMaUaO,
{d. J. Omoer
12.
{V - lrgV èdVamd H$m{eZmW namOno
(lrgV èdVamd H$m{eZmW namOno `mZm CoeZy {c{hcoco nwT>rc n lrdm_r d$nmZXmg lr{XJ~aXmg
_hmamOmZr dmMyZ XmI{dco hmoV.o )
&& lrJwXod Xmmo`m` Z_: &&
C^`VmMr ôQ>r nyd `moJm Eogr & dmgZm hr Eogr MmcVmho
&& 1 &&
d$n AZwgY
mZ gmXm` _O & gmo@h hg: ~rO _ Amhm && 2 &&
Xoh _r hm ^md gmS>md`m `Z & gmo@h ^md| OmU H$arVmh|
&& 3 &&
g {XJ~ao Ac`r cm{dco & _yi Xm{dòc| _mPo _O
&& 4 &&
èdV Vwhr ZmW gmXmB & AmBH$moZr nmht ôQ>t Amcm|
&& 5 &&
n[a{e> - 3 / 275
~hH$mc gmYZ H$amoZr AmnU & H$mT>rco _WZ `moJ gma

H$_ `moJ Vmohr AmM[acm òW| & OZm Xmd`mV| ZH$`Vm
Eogo gV OZ nhmdo, dXmdo & o_^mdo Omd| eaU V`m
d$n AZwgY
mZ gXm amhmo _O & Jw{Z>o dO CMmdmo Xo
{XJ~a Xmg dXr MaUmgr & H$nm dMZmgr `mM md|
gV MaUt amhmo _mPr _Vr & na_-Ba ^$s dmT>mo dmT>mo
&& 6 &&
&& 7 &&
&& 8 &&
&& 9 &&
&& 10 &&
&& 11 &&
{d. J. Omoer
13.
{V - lrgV dm_r d$nmZX, nmdg, aZm{Jar
(lrgV {XJ~a~m~m dhmiH$a `m`m _hmg_mYrZVa 13`m {Xder lrgV dm_r d$nmZX nmdg,
`mZr lr_hmamOmZm Omo H$m`_` gXe
o nmR>{dcm hmoVm, `mMr nmoM _hmamOmZr nwT>rc XrK H$m`_` nmZo
{Xcr hmoVr.)
dm_r-d$nmZXo Ym{S>cm gXoe & VoUo hmo` Vmof {XJ~a-Xmgm
&& 1 &&
gM
r H$m`m nMdr {_imcr & H${V$n| Pmcr XeZ hmZr
&& 2 &&
EdT>rM dmr CM~icr AmV & AmdoJ Vmo òV H${V Y_
&& 3 &&
AZm{X, AZV, g {XJ~a & MV` Ho$di $n `mMo
&& 4 &&
gmS>moZr H$Vr d$nt {_imco & {dmH$ma| R>oc| A{dZm{ed
&& 5 &&
AmXr OJ-`m namna Xod & Amho g Xod Am_$n|
&& 6 &&
{dmMm-O{ZVm AmUr gajrVm & Vodt ghmarVm Xod-`
&& 7 &&
Xod-`m _yi, _mòMm ^Vma & Eogm gd}a d`do
&& 8 &&
H$mamM| _yi, gmo@hMm Omo c` & gmo@h hg: hmo` AmoiIU
&& 9 &&
AmZX gmJa AZmXr gMcm & {M_` dXrcm gX>J
w _r Jm
&& 10 &&
ZmXmMm Omo ZmX, H$mem H$me & AUw-aoUy `mg Cn_o ò Zm
&& 11 &&
_hV Vd A~a Vo hr Cn_o CU| & AmH$mem _riUo O`m _mOr
&& 12 &&
g{XmZX nXmMo O| _yi & Am_m ho Ho$di Zm_ `mgr
&& 13 &&
VV gV, `mgr _yi Omo Jm har & OmUrdoMr Iar, OmUrd Omo
&& 14 &&
AZw^d Ho$di eXmZr ~mocUo & Ae` dUZo - V`m R>m`m
&& 15 &&
276 && MV`gy` &&
E|go Oo AIS> Anma gMc| & {M_` $n ^co Xmgm `mZt

g _mCcr, g Am_mam_ & eXmMo ho H$m_ Zmhr VoW
_mZM
o r VdZ {Z:eX Z_Z & AmZX AZw^d nyU gmX Vmo
Eo`do g_ag hmodmoZr amhmdo & Amho-Zmht H$mò ~mocy VoW
Eogo {M_` MaU Yarco X`t & VoW {Z` amht `mZ _
AV~m AdKo gMco Jwam` & Oo Oo R>m`m Om` {XR>r _mPr
_Z JwV drco V`m g R>m`t & ~wr `mgr amhr {Zcd|
{Mmr {M_` MaU dXmoZr Yarco & Ah _oidrc| Jw-$nmV
g {XJ~a _mPm Xodr-Xod & Eogm Amho ^md XmgmVar
Zmht [aVo Wi g$Mo drU & Eogr dmr OmU Ho$cr EH$
gV Oo H$nmiy, Y_mMo AmYma & AdVma Ho$di BamMo
V`t gVr _O H$noMr gmD$cr & Amho {Z` Ho$cr gwH$no
OZZr g_mZ gajrVr _O & d$nmZX gmM gm^mirVr
gVmMo gm{` AIS> `m Pmco & V`m Xw:I R>oco H$dUo R>m`m
H$VrMo AmdoJ H$Vrg hmoVr & _r Vmo gm`mVr ^$Zr Amho
gH$no gmjr $no _r dVV & hUwZr _m`m hmoV Xya _O
gV-gX>JwH$no {M_`mMo `mZ & VoUo g_mYmZ gdH$mi
gVmMm ghdmg KS>mo {ZaVa & ^$sMo Vo ~i dmT>mo {Z`
Zmhr _O V_m, gwImMr Xw:ImMr & nmn-nw`m _mOr Acr _r
gVgJ {Z` AIS> _aU & {Z` AZwgY
mZ d$nmM|
g {XJ~a X`r amhrco & dMZ g` Ho$co lrJwamò
AIS>rV AmVm AVar godrZ & EH$ {M_` `mZ YamoZr`m
MV`mMm AmoK AIS> MmcV & VmoMr _mPm g` g Am_m
{XJ~a Zm_ gmW V`mVr & {Xem `mgr hmoVr dgZ OmUm
A~a AmUr {Xem {dahrV Jw$ & hUw{Z {XJ~$ Zm_ OJt
{XJ~a H$no {XJ~ar {_ioZ & VoUo MwH$Vr nyU O_-_`y
Zm_m_VnmZ AIS> H$arZ & $n _oidrZ Zm_r-`mMo
gH$c gVmgr Jw$nm_mOr & nmhmVm| ghOr gH$no
dm_r-d$nmZXm EH$Mr _mJUo & _mPr dmT>drUo g{Z>m
dmr AZwgYmZr amhmo {M_`$nr & Xmg {XJ~a gwIr òUo hmo`
n[a{e> - 3 / 277
&& 16 &&
&& 17 &&
&& 18 &&
&& 19 &&
&& 20 &&
&& 21 &&
&& 22 &&
&& 23 &&
&& 24 &&
&& 25 &&
&& 26 &&
&& 27 &&
&& 28 &&
&& 29 &&
&& 30 &&
&& 31 &&
&& 32 &&
&& 33 &&
&& 34 &&
&& 35 &&
&& 36 &&
&& 37 &&
&& 38 &&
&& 39 &&
&& 40 &&
&& 41 &&
&& 42 &&
&& 43 &&
&& 44 &&
&& 45 &&
Z_Z gVmgr H$ar EH$ ^mdo & H$nm-XmZ mdo h|Mr _O

&& 46 &&
nS>mdo eara gVmMrò Kar & _Zo, dmMo, earat KS>mo Xm`
&& 47 &&
gV gJVrV AIS> AmZX & cm^mo _O {Z` {dZdr hoM
r
&& 48 &&
{JwUmg{hV _m`m ZmVimo Ordmg & H$m_-H$moYm dmg Z KS>mo {Mmr && 49 &&
OJmMo H$`mUr eara doMmd| & XmZ h|Mr mdo gV OZr
&& 50 &&
{XJ~a g Z_moZr AVar & Xmg Z_H$mar d$nmZXm
&& 51 &&
&& VV gV gmo@h hg: &&
14.
{V - lrgV grVmam_~wdm dmcmdcH$a, gmdS>}
&& lr &&
VgV &
lrgado Z_: &
mam nmS>waJ amd _a~ir

4-623, Vmc_H$sdmS>r, VmS>Xdo amoS>
_w~ B - 7
{X. 17/9/1960
lr. am. am. grVmam_~wdm dmcmdcH$a `mgr H$.gm.Z_H$ma {d. {d.

Amncr no {_iyZ _OHy$a g_Ocm. _r g`m _w~B òWo AgyZ AmUIr 20-22 {Xdg Var
_w~Bg OmVrc Ago dmQ>Vo. "lt'`m _yVuMo H$m_ hmVt KoVc| AgyZ Vo nwao Pm`m{edm` OmVm òV
Zmhr. `mZVa nw`mg "lt'Mo g_m{YWmZmV "lt'Mm O_mogd {XZmH$ 2,3 d 4 Zmoh|~a 1960 `m
{Xder hmoUma Amho. `m_wio `m JS>~S>rV {Xdg OmUma. `mZVa lrgV {XJ~a~m~mMo CgdmMr
V`mar H$aUo Amd`H$ Amho. Vr H$$Z nmf _{h`mMo gwdmVrg {VH$S>o ò`mMm {dMma Amho.
lrdm_tMo _R>mV ZXmXrnmgmR>r {Xcocm S>~m gnV Amcm Ago AmnU H$i{dco. Var Xwgam ZdrZ
S>~m KoD$Z Vmo W_ AmnUmH$S>o AmUmdm d Vmo CKSy>Z `mVrc XmoZ amc Voc ~mOycm H$mT>mdo d `m
g~Y S>`mV 2 amc H$Sy>Voc {_giyZ _J Vmo S>~m lrnmX `m`mH$S>o nmohmoMdmdm. hUOo lrdm_tnwT>o
ZXmXrn `dpWV cmdcm OmBc d VocmMm Im`mg Cn`moJ Ho$cm OmUma Zmhr.
lrgV {XJ~a~m~m`m CgdmMr V`mar AmnU Zoh_r_mUo H$amcM. Var H$m` H$m` `dWm
H$aUma Vo nr {chZ H$idmdo. XadfmMm AXmO Amn`mcm R>mD$H$ AmhoM. {M.dgVm e|~oH$a hmhr
CgdmgmR>r AJmoXa AmR> {Xdg òUma Amho. `mMo {edUH$m_mMo {ejU `dpWV Mmcy AgyZ
`mMr H$Vr R>rH$ Amho, Ago `m`m Kat H$i{dUo.
278 && MV`gy` &&
AmVm _R>mMo Mma JwR>o O{_Zr~cMm Iwcmgm nwT>rc_mUo H$arV Amho.

1) [aphOZ gh} Pmcr `mdoir gd}Aa cmoH$mZr AmnUmcm hm _R> H$moUr ~mYcm hUyZ
{dMmaco, d _R> cmoH$m`m _XVrZo _r dV: ~mYcm Ago Vwhr Cma {XcoV. `mMr Zm|X `mZr KoVcr
AmhoM. lrgV {XJ~a~m~mMo H$mT>coco _m{hVrn Vw_`m ZmdMo Amho. _R>mgmR>r XoUJr O_{d`m`m
nmd`mda Vw_MrM ghr Amho. gd IM Vwhr dV:Mo hmVmZo Ho$cm Amho d gwdmVrnmgyZ AmOn`V
10 df} Cgd Vwhr dV:M H$aVm. `m H$m_r O$a Va H$mhr cmoH$m`m gmjr XoVm òVrc.
2) lr. aKwZmW ZriH$R> e|~oH$a, d{hdmQ>Xma, lrXm{R>H$mU `mZr `m H$m_r H$mhrM _XV Ho$cocr
Zmhr d `mMm nwamdmhr CncY Zmhr. {edm` _`Var ho {R>H$mU Amhmcm {Xcoco Amho d Vo Am_Mo
Amho, Aerhr ^mfm EoHy$ òV hmoVr, ho gd JmdMo amOo cmoH$mZm _m{hVr AmhoM. lrgV {XJ~a~m~mMo
XhZ^y_rda Vwhr dV: VwierdXmdZ d _m{V ho gwdmVrnmgyZ R>o{dco AmhoV. _mVrdarc gmdcr
`m`m _wcmZo CS>dyZ Q>mH$cr, `mdoir d AcrH$S>o XmoZ df} Vwhr g_j d O$a `m doir JmdmVrc
amOo cmoH$mVrc nM O_dyZ AmngmV VS>OmoS> H$a`mMo gd `Z Ho$coV, ho hr gd amOo cmoH$mg
_m{hVr AmhoM. Vw_Mr Hy$i hUyZ AmO 10 df] d{hdmQ> Amho. lrgV {XJ~a~m~m h`mV AgVmZm
{dhra Vwhr dV: EH$Q>mZo IUcr Amho. lrXod Xm {R>H$mUmVrc gd ~mY~mYmoar d PmS>_mS> ho
Vw_`m dV:`m hmVyZ cmJco Joco Amho. VgoM 1956 gmcmn`V Vwhr XodWmZMr gd eoVr dV:
XodWmZMo IMmZo nhmV hmoVmV. nwT>o Vwhmcm PonoZmgo Pmco d {dVw> Amco hUyZ Vwhr Vr gmoSy>Z
{Xcr. `m gd Jmo>r H$a`m~c Vwhmcm XodWmZH$Sy>Z, AJa d{hdmQ>XmamH$Sy>Z AJa lrgV
{XJ~a~m~mH$Sy>Z H$moU`mhr H$maMo doVZ {_imcoco Zmhr, hr Jmo> gdmZm _mhrV Amho.
3) _yi g_m{Y_{Xa ~mYco `mdoir d{hdmQ>Xma aKwZmW ZriH$R> e|~oH$a `mZm {dMm$Z d
`mMr nadmZJr KoD$Z gd Jmo>r Ho$`m, ho gdmZm _mhrV AmhoM. {edm` qhXyY_emm_mUo lrgV
{XJ~a~m~m`m ApW Vwhr `mMo AZwJhrV {e` hUyZ R>o{d`m hmo`m. `m ApW n{hcm Cgd
H$a`mMo AJmoXa 2 {Xdg d{hdmQ>Xma aKwZmW ZriH$R> e|~oH$a ^Q>Or `mg ~mocmdyZ d {Zamir
X{jUm XoD$Z `m ApW _{dYrnydH$ ew H$adyZ `mMoH$Sy>Z KoV`m d `m EH$m Vm`mMo Vm`mV
^$Z g_mYrV `mMoM hmVmZo R>od{d`m AmhoV. n{h`m dfmnmgyZ Jo`m dfmn`V nw`{VWr CgdmV
H$sVZmcm Vo òV AgVmV d _mS>dmMo ~mhoa ~gV AgVmV Am{U _r dV: `mZm AmV ~mocmdyZ amt
gmX dmT>{dVmo, ho Amn`m cjmV AgocM. darc gd Jmo>r Vo Amnn`V H$arV Amco AmhoV,
`md$Z `m g_m{Y_{Xamg `mMr g_{V hmoVr d Amnn`V Amho, ho CKS> hmoVo. Xadfv `mMm _wcJm
{M.~miy hm CgdmV ^mJ KoV AgVmo. `md$Z `mMrhr g_{V Amho ho n> hmoVo. n{h`m Cgdmcm
`mMm _wcJm {M. dmgy, {M. H$_`m d OmdB lr. hS>n d _wcJr doUy hr gd hOa hmoVr. {M.
dmgwXod `mMr ~m`H$mo `m `m doir CgdmMo doir gmdS>mg hmoVr `m `m doir CgdmgmR>r H$m_
n[a{e> - 3 / 279
H$arV Ago. g_m{Y_{XamMr ^mS>rHw$S>r d ~R>H$m V`ma hmo`mnydu lrXm XodWmZmVrc ^mS>r, gm_mZ
d ~R>H$m `m`mM nadmZJrZo CgdmgmR>r AmUrV hmoVo. `m gd Jmo>td$Z lrgV {XJ~a~m~mMo
g_m{Y_{Xa ~mY`mg `mMr g_{V hmoVr, ho CKS> hmoVo. Am_Mo hUUo 1) lrgV {XJ~a~m~m `mZr ~mYcoco lrXmXodWmZ hUOo lrdm_tMm _R> ho| cmoH$mH$Sy>Z _XV
{_idyZ gmdO{ZH$[a`m ~mYcoco Amho.
2) B>Qo > IaoXr H$aVmZm H$moiWar òWrc JmOdo mco ^S>mar `mZr ngo {Xcoco AmhoV.
3) BQ>oQ>rda `mdoir ~moJg (ImoQ>m) H$OmMm ~moOm XmI{dcm Amho. `j H$O Agoc Va
`mMo H$mJXr nwamdo hOa H$amdo.
4) nmXwH$m KS>{dUogmR>r XJS> d ngo Vwigmam_ `m _w~B òWrc H$mo`mZo {Xco. {dhra ~mYUogmR>r
ngo OwaMo Xwam\o$ (ZmamÙamd) `m Zmdm`m JhWmZr {Xco. ^mS>rHw$S>r d ~R>H$m Ko`mgmR>r {^jo`m
$nmZo _w~B òWrc d BVa {R>H$mU`m cmoH$mZr _XV Ho$cr.
5) lrgV {XJ~a~m~m h`mV hmoVo, Vmon`V XodWmZ`m gd eoVrMm IM Vo dV: H$arV AgV.
{edm` d{hdmQ>Xma aKwZmW ZriH$R> e|~oH$a hUOo `mMm OmdB `mMm Ka, JmoR>m d H$moR>mao hr `mZr
dV: Xw$V H$$Z d ZdrZ ~mYyZ {Xcocr AmhoV d `mMr naV\o$S> Ho$`mMm H$mJXr nwamdm H$moR>ohr
{_iV Zmhr.
6) lrgV {XJ~a~m~m `mZr Vw_Mr JmdmVrc Amocr _mYwH$ar ~X Pmcr `mdoir aKwZmW ZriH$R>
e|~oH$a `mcm Vw_`mH$Sy>Z ~mocmdyZ KoD$Z g`mMm chmZ H$nmD$S>_Yrc ^mJ 1 EH$a 24 JwR>o hm
grVmam_~wdm `mg `mMr {^jm ~X Pmcr hUyZ {^jm hUyZ {Xcm Amho, Ago gm{JVco hmoVo.
7) Zagmo JmoqdX qMMmiH$a `mZr gXah {R>H$mU _mcH$ hUyZ aKwZmW ZriH$R> e|~oH$a `mMo
Zmdo cmJy Zò Agm AO Ho$cm hmoVm, `mdoir _m_coXma d mV `m`mH$S>o Om~O~m~ hmoD$Z
`mMoH$Sy>Z ho {R>H$mU IaoXr KoVco, `m _mYdamd qMMmiH$a d `mMr ~m`H$mo `mZr ""ho {R>H$mU
Amhr lrXm XodWmZmgmR>r hUyZM gmoSy>Z {Xco Amho'' Ago {chZ {Xco Amho. `md$Z ho {R>H$mU ho
lrXm XodWmZMo _mcH$sMo Amho, ho n> hmoVo.
8) lrgV {XJ~a~m~m `mZr _`wn AJa A` H$moUVmhr a{OQ>S> S>m`w_|Q> Ho$cocm Zg`m_wio
dmagmh$mMm CX>^dV Zmhr.
9) lrgV {XJ~a~m~mZr h`mV AgVmZmM lr.aKwZmW ZriH$R> e|~oH$a `mZm d{hdmQ>Xma Zo_co
Amho, `md$Z Vo _mcH$ ZgyZ d{hdmQ>Xma AmhoV.
10) lrXmXodWmZMr gd BQ>oQ> hr gmdO{ZH$ nemVyZ V`ma Pmcr Ag`m_wio lrXmXodWmZMm
gmdO{ZH$ Q>Q> hmdm `m~cMm {dMma gaH$maZo H$amdm d lrgV {XJ~a~m~m g_m{YW Pm`mnmgyZ
AmOn`V Xhm dfo d{hdmQ>XmamZr hr Jmo> M[aQ>r H${_eZa`m ZOaog AmUcr Zmhr, hUyZ Jo`m
280 && MV`gy` &&
Xhm dfmVrc Cn d gd O_mIM gaH$maZo d{hdmQ>XmamH$Sy>Z _mJyZ `mMr gd VnmgUr H$amdr.

AmVm Vw_Mo dV:Mo hUUo nwT>rc _mUo 1) lrgV {XJ~a~m~mMo g_m{Y_{Xa d `m`m XhZ^y_rda ~mYcoco VwierdXmdZ d _m{V hr
gd grVmam_~wdm dmcmdcH$a `mZr `mZm {^jm hUyZ {_imco`m `mVyZ Ho$cr AmhoV. g_m{Y_{XamV
Agcoco gd gm_mZgw_mZ ho grVmam_~wdm dmcmdcH$a `mZm cmoH$mZm {Xco`m _XVrVyZ V`ma Ho$co
Amho.
2) gXah g_m{Y_{Xa ~mY`mV d{hdmQ>Xma aKwZmW ZriH$R> e|~oH$a `mMr d{hdmQ>Xma hUyZ
`j Vm|S>r nadmZJr gwadmVrgM KoVcocr Amho. `m `{V[a$ `mMm g_m{Y_{XamH$S>o H$mhrM g~Y
Zmhr.
3) lrgV {XJ~a~m~mMm nw`{VWrCgd amoOMr nyOmAMm d amoOMm Zdo d BVa g_m{Y_[XamMr
d ~mhoaMr gd `dWm hr lr grVmam_~wdm hoM gwdmVrnmgyZ AmOn`V dV:`m IMmZo H$arV
AgVmV.
4) d{hdmQ>Xma aKwZmW ZriH$R> e|~oH$a d `mMoH$S>rc _mUgo `mZm ~mocmd`m_wio Cgdmg
OmVrZo hOa amhZ CgdmV gH$s` em[aarH$ _XV H$arV AgVmV. `mAWv `mMr nadmZJr d
ghmZw^yVr Cgdmg Amho, ho n> hmoVo.
5) g_m{Y_{Xa d XhZ^y_r `mMoImcrc OmJm hr lrXm XodWmZMo _mcH$sMr Amho, ho Amhmg
nyUnUo H$~yc Amho.
6) lr grVmam_~wdm dmcmdcH$a ho lrgV {XJ~a~m~mMo {d{YnydH$ AZwJhrV {e` Ag`m_wio
`mZr Amn`m JwMr g_m{Y JwZrM {_i{dco`m lrXm XodWmZMo OmJoV ~mYcr Amho d hr
Y_Jm Jmo> Amho. g_m{Y_{XamImcrc d XhZ^y_rMr d g^modmaMr O$a Am{U Amd`H$ Vr OmJm
grVmam_~wdm dmcmdcH$a `mMo Zmdo cmJcocr AgyZ gaH$maZo Vr OmJm `mg lrXmXodWmZMo Hy$i
hUyZ Hy$ih$mZo mdr, Aer {dZVr Amho. grVmam_~wdm ho Xagmc lrXm XodWmZmcm IS> hUyZ
_m_coXmagmho~ R>adVrc Vo ngo Xo`mg V`ma AmhoV.
7) lrgV {XJ~a~m~m `mZrM ho Xm XodWmZ ~mYco (lrdm_r_R>). `mcm BQ>oQ>hr `mZrM
V`ma H$$Z R>odcr d `m _hmZ gnwfmMr g_m{Y lr.dmcmdcH$a `mZr `mMo {e` hUyZ `m
XodWmZMo OmJoV ~mYcr, `mV H$mhrM dmdJo Zmhr. Var lrXm XodWmZMr _mcH$s Amhmcm n[anyU
H$~yc AgVmZm d _mcH$sMm Anhma H$a`mMr BN>m Amhr H$arV ZgVmZm gXah d{hdmQ>Xma ho
gyS>~wrZo Am{U lrXmXodWmZMr BQ>oQ> dV:`m Cn`moJmgmR>r {JiH$V H$a`mMo {dMmamZo {d$nUo
dmJV AmhoV d AS>Wio Cn H$arV AmhoV. Var `mMm `mo` Vmo {dMma hmoD$Z gXah g_m{Y_{Xa d
XhZ^y_rMr OmJm Am{U dmna H$a`mg O$a d Amd`H$ Vr gd OmJm d g_m{Y_{XamMo OmJoVyZ
n[a{e> - 3 / 281
gmdS>} JmdmV d S>oadU JmdmV OmUogmR>r dmQ>, d ~moS>mMo a`mg OmD$Z {_i`mgmR>r dmQ> hr gd
lr.grVmam_~wdm `mMo Zmdo H$a`mMr `dWm H$amdr, Aer {dZVr Amho.
`m_mUo gd _m{hVr lr._m_coXmagmho~ AJa Oo H$moUr VnmgmgmR>r òVrc `mMonwT>o gmJmdr d
M[aQ>r H${_eZanwT>o AO H$$Z Amhr ho gd H$aU R>odrV AmhmoV Agohr gmJmdo. M[aQ>r H${_eZaH$S>o
nmR>{d`mMm AO V`ma hmoVmM AmnUmH$S>o ghrgmR>r nmR>{dcm OmBc. d{hdmQ>Xma ho H$m` O~m~
XoVmV Vo _cm H$idmdo, hUOo nwT>rc `dWm H$aVm òBc. lrdm_r g_W MaUr d lrgV
{XJ~a~m~mMo MaUr _mPo d lr.d gm._a~itMo {eagm>mJ Z_H$ma gmJUo, lr.ZmZm e|~oH$a,
JmonwH$mH$m, Xmm_mVa, gd _mVacmoH$, lrnmX^mD$ `m gdmg Z_H$ma, Xmohr JS>r d _or `mg
Am{edmX, Ym|S>~mamd d {edam_amd `mg Am{edmX.
H$imdo cmo^ Agmdm ho {dZVr.
Amncm,
lrgMaUaO
{d. J. Omoer
15.
{V - lr. aKwZmWamd Ho$ed Omoer, _hmcH$ar, d|Jwcm
&& lr &&
VgV &
gZ 1954
lr. am. am. aKwZmWamd `mgr go_ AZoH$ Am{edmX

gmo~V gmXm`mMm {cImUmMm H$mJX nmR>{dcm Amho. \$$ AmnUm nwaogoM R>odm. ""H$moUmcm H$iy
Z Xo`mMr I~aXmar `m.''
gmo @ h CnmgZm EH$mV WmZr ~gyZ H$amdr. e`Va WmoS>m COoS> H$_r Agmdm. VmR> ~gmdo.
^y_`mV nmhZ `mZ H$amdo.
Vmo na_m_m _rM Amho hr ^mdZm pWa H$amdr. _r, Xoh Zho hr ^mdZm H$m`_ hmdr. AmgZ
cmoH$arMo Agmdo.
`_, {Z`_, AmgZ, ghO hmoUmam mUm`m_, `mhma, YmaUm, `mZ, g_m{Y hr `moJmMr _w` AmR>
AJ,o dUZo nwVH$mVZy AmhoV. {MmmV W_ gJwU H$memMo `mZ H$$Z `m _mJmV g{dH$n g_m{Y gmYyZ
eodQ>r {ZJwU na_m`mMo `mZ H$amd`mMo d AmnUM Vmo `j hr {MVr `md`mMr Amho.
hm `mZ `moJ Amho. _mJ d$n gXm`, {dhJ_, {Mm MV` `moJ gmYm.
_Zmo ~o{V dOmZmV & Ordmo {Z`: B{V kmZ_ &&
282 && MV`gy` &&
BQHw$cr {_Q>Hw$cr Jmo>

lrgamO Am_mam_ {M_` `mZ H$am.
gmo~VMr nanam nmR> H$$Z Vr ÔZ dm `mZ H$aVo doir W_ hUyZ _J ÔZ dm `mZ gw$
H$amdo.
eara dVVo ggmar & n[a _ZmoJV AdK| na_oar &
ho cjmV Agmdo. gd ^yV_mmMo {R>H$mUr na_m_mM ^$Z am{hcm Amho. òH$ m{U_mmMo
X`mV Vmo na_m_m OmUrd$nmZo ^$Z Amho. XodmH$[aVm aS>md`mg {eH$m, __-d `m_mUo R>odm.
H$V` MwHy$ ZH$m naVw H$_m{^_mZ Q>mH$m. lr h[a H$Vm H$a{dVm d Vmo gd Amho hm ^md T> H$am.
&& VgV &&
Amncm,
gVMaUaO,
{XJ~aXmg
( {d. J. Omoer )
16.
{V - lr. AemoH$amd aKwZmWamd Omoer, _w~B
&& lrJUoem` Z_: &&
&& lrdm_r g_Wm` Z_: &&
nwUo 16
lr. am. am. AemoH$ aKwZmW Omoer, AYao r `mgr,

lrdm_rH$noMo AZoH$ Cm_ AmerdmX, Cnar {deof n {c{h`mg H$maU H$s, AmnU ~aoM {Xdg AmOmar AmhmV Ago H$ico. ~aM
o {OdmdaMo XwIUo hmoV.o
nU AmVm na_oam`m H$noZo Am{U S>mQ>ar Cnm`mZo AmnU ~hVoH$ ~ao PmcmV. AOyZ 4-6 S>oqgJ_ò
AmnU nyUn Uo ~ao hmc Aer Anojm H$aVmo Am{U na_oamMr mWZm H$aVmo.
"^moJmV Ed eara_&' Ago hUVmV. gd `mVZm earamcm ghZ H$am`m cmJVmV. Am{Y^m{VH$, A`mp_H$
Am{U Am{YX{dH$ Ago VrZ H$maMo Vmn AmhoV Am{U ho VrZ Vmn _Zw`mcm gndmdo cmJVmV. Vo
gn{d`m{edm` e[aamMr gwQ>H$m Zmhr, Am{U e[aamMr gwQ>H$m Pmcr, VarnU Oo gy_ eara Amho, `m
earamcm ho gy_ _mUmV Vmn ghZ H$amdo cmJVmV Am{U Vo ghZ H$arV AgVmZm AV[ajmVyZ {Za{Zam`m
cmoH$mV, gy_ XohmZo `m Ordmcm {\$amdo cmJVo. Ord EH$M AgVmo. H$maU `mMr OrdXem gn`m{edm`
Vmo na~mV {dcrZ hmoD$ eH$V Zmhr Agm {gmV Amho. `moJdm{g>m_ò MwS>mcm`mZ Am{U crcm`mZ
n[a{e> - 3 / 283
\$ma gwXa arVrZo {ddoMZ Ho$coco Amho.

`m doic
o m ^y am_Mmcm hm gJim ggma Za dmQy> cmJcm Am{U d{g>mZ r gm{JVco`m VdkmZmMm
n[aUm_ `m`mdaVr Pmcm, `mdoiocm `m`m {R>H$mUr Am`{VH$ CnaVr Cn Pmcr. dam`, `mcm
"VrdV_ dam`' Ago hUVmV Vo ^y am_Mm`m {R>H$mUr {Z_mU Pmco. `mZm ImUo-{nUo gwMV ZhVo.
H$moU`mhr Jmo>rMo ^mZ ZhVo. "H$mhr Zmhr' Aer n[apWVr hmoVr Am[U {Xdg|{Xdg Vo H$e hmoD$ cmJco.
earamV gd YmVyM
m {Z:nmV hmoD$ cmJcm Am{U ^y am_M AmVm OmVmV H$s amhVmV, Aer qMVm {Z_mU
Pmcr. `mdoic
o m d{g> _hfrZr ^y am_MmZm Amn`mH$S>o ~mocmdyZ KoVco Am{U `mZm gm{JVco, "Aao
am_m, ho H$m` Mmc{dco Amhog ? Oo VdkmZ _r Vwcm gm{JVco Vo _Zw`mZo {MaVZ hmo`mH$[aVm gm{JVc.o
ZaVoMm `mJ H$aUo hUOo gmoSy>Z XoUo Zho. EImm Jmo>r~c Amn`mcm Am`{VH$ AmnwcH$s dmQ>Vo. `m
jUmnmgyZ nM^yVm_H$ Xoh, _Z, ~wr, {Mm, AhVm `m`m `dhmao AmnU `m dVy `m nmR>r_mJo cmJVmo.
~mH$s gd `dhma {dgaVmo. `mcm "Amg$s ggma' hUVmV. hm Amg$s ggma gmoS>Uo `mM Zmd,
VdkmZmnmgyZ CnaVr m hmoD$ cmJU.o dVy gmoS>Uo hUOo dVy~c Or Am`{VH$ Amg$s dmQ>V,o VrM
H$_r H$aUo, mMo Zmd "{damJVm'. "amJ' eXmMm AW "H$mon' Agm Zho. "amJ' eXmMm AW AZwVmnmZo
{Z_mU Pmcocr {MmmMr EH$ n[apWVr Amho. Am{U hr Vwcm _r gmoS> Ago gmJVmo Amho.'
ho gd gm{JVco Am{U _J ^y am_Mm`m {R>H$mUr hiyhiy {ccm`mZ Am{U ~w {dMmam`mZ d
MwS>mcm`mZ Am{U `m`mnmgyZ CnaVr {Z_mU Pmcr Am{U {damJVm {Z_mU hmoD$Z Vo dV:`m
AdVmaH$m`mer gc Pmco.
hUyZ _r Vwcm gmJVmo, _mPr _mUg cm~ AmhoV. _mPr _wc cm~ AmhoV, _mPr AmB cm~ Amho, _mPo
dS>rc cm~ AmhoV, Agm {dMma H$$ ZH$mog.
Oer pWVr Amho, Vemnar amho, H$mVwH$ Vy nmho g{MVmMo &
ZH$mo IoX H$$ H$moU`m Jmo>rMm, nVr c_rMm nmhmVgo &&
gH$c OrdmMm H$[aVmo gm^mi, VwO _moH$crc Eogo Zmhr &
EH$m OZmXZr ^moJ maYmMm, h[aH$no `mMm Zme hmo` &&
H$moUr A^`^jU Am{U ZH$mo `m Jmo>r {nUo dJao ^mZJS>r Ho$`m AgVrc, H$Xm{MV Ho$`m ZgVrchr.
_r H$mhr gmJy eH$V Zmhr. _r H$mhr _moR>m Img Vdk Zho. naVw Ago Xmof H$iV Z H$iV KS>cc
o o AgVmV.
_mJrc O_mMo AgVmV, m O_rMo AgVmV. OmJ{V, dZ, gwfw r m {R>H$mUMo AgVmV Am{U Aem
XmofmMm n[ahma Ho$`m{edm` Ordmcm Amho hr pWVr ^moJUo m hmoVo Am{U `m ^moJ`mZVa Omo na_oaqMVZ
H$arc Am{U ho _m`mM H$_mMo \$i Amho, nU _cm {c Zmhr. _r m`mnmgyZ A{c Amho. _cm m
{R>H$mUr H$mhr H$V` Zmhr. EH$ lrh[aZm__aU H$aUo, lrhar`m d$nmM `mZ H$aUo, gd gVm~c
AmWm R>do Uo Am{U "gXm gVmo@{^JV`:' ho cjmV R>Do $Z Iao gV AgVrc `m`mH$S>o OmD$Z `mMr
284 && MV`gy` &&
gJVr cm~Zy H$aUo. ZmhrVa H$m` n[apWVr hmoV,o T>d`meoOmar ndim ~mYcm $n Zmhr nU JwU cmJcm. Omo
T>dim ~c Amho `m`m~amo~a ndim ~c ~mYcm `mMm H$mhr Cn`moJ Zmhr. nd`mMm T>dim hmoUma Zmhr.
T>d`mMm ndim hmoUma Zmhr. $n Zmhr, nU JwU cmJcm. "gJVr gJ XmofU
o ' Agm `m` Amho Am{U hm
`m` {dMma H$$Z `mMo ^mZ R>odm`Mo Am{U ggmamV amhZ ggmamnmgyZ AZmg$ `moJmZo amhm`cm {eH$m`Mo
ho _Zw`mMo H$V` Amho.
Ogo H$_i nm`mV Imocda {MIcmV O_mcm òVo Am{U `mMr nmZo nm`mda ngaVmV. `mcm OrdZ
ImcyZ {_iV AgV,o nU nm`mVyZ Oam EH$ AYm BM dm BMâ da H$mT>co Va `m`m {R>H$mUr Amocmdm
amhmV Zmhr. `mcm "nn{_dm^{g' dm Ocn `m` hUVmV, Am{U Vo `mnmgyZ A{c hmoV. H$_i
{MIcmVyZ {ZKmco d nm`m`m da òVo. EH$ \y$Q> da òV, XmoZ \y Q> da òV, AYm \y$Q>, ghm BM, Mma BM
H$mhrVar da òV Am[U `m {R>H$mUr dm`m~amo~a Sw>cV hcV AgV. `mMr gJir {H$`m `m nm`mnmgyZ,
nm`mV O_mcm Amc Var nm`m`m da MmcVo. ho Og AgV, Vg ggmamV AmnU amhm`M Am{U `m`mnmgyZ
_Zmcm IoX hmoD$ m`Mm Zmhr, hr {H$`m AmnU {eH$cr nm{hOo. AmO ho n {chm`Mo H$maU Vwhmcm ho
g_Omd hUyZ. H$_r OmV H$mhr Joc Agc Va j_d Ag hUVmo Am{U ho n nwao H$aVmo.
Amnco AmB-dS>rc mZm Am{edmX. _S>itZm Am{U {M.H$_coe d {M.Xrr mZm Am{edmX. Vw_Mm
^mMm {M.gmX ^S>^S>o `mg Am[edmX. Vmo narjocm ~gVmo Amho. R>rH$ Amho. `mcm VgmM Aml` m Am{U
A`mgmH$S>o doi hmoBc Ago amhm`cm gmJm. Ag gmJyZ ho cm~coco n nwao H$aVmo.
H$imdo cmo^ Agmdm ho Am[edmX.
Amncm,
lrgMaUaO,
{d. J. Omoer.
17.
{V - lr. lrYanV Omoer, aZm{Jar
&& lr &&
VgV
lrgXJwado Z_: &
Amamo` {dlmVr Jh
amZS>o amoS>, XmXa
dgV {Zdmg, _w~ B 28
ewH$ dma 10.10.1952
go_ Z_H$ma {d.{d.

Amnco \o$~wdmar _{h`mV aZm{JarMo n`mda Jococo n AmOM {_imco. H$maU _r \o$~wdmarnmgyZ
n[a{e> - 3 / 285
lrJw$`m g_m{Y_{XamMo H$m_mH$[aVm _w~BgM Amho. WmoS>o WmoS>o _XV O_{d`mMo H$m` gw$ Amho.
Amn OmoamZo H$m_ gw$ hmoV Zmhr. Agmo. lrJwamO H$m` nwao H$aUma g_W AmhoV. \$$ `Z H$arV
amhmUo ho Amnco H$m_ {Z{_m_m hUyZ Amho. H$m`m`m èmnèm~c d _r H$Vm hUyZ CJmM
_rnUm H$emcm ?
AmnU {c{hcocm maY ^moJm~cMm ^mJ dmMyZ Oam IoX dmQ>cm. naVw maY Xodm{XH$mZmhr
gwQ>co Zmhr Va Am_`mgma`m Ord>rZo AgUm`mZm Vo H$go gwQ>Uma ? _m na_m_ CnmgZo`m
AmYmamda Xw:I_` dmQ>Umao maY YramZo d pWa _ZmZo ^moJyZ gn{dVm òVo d Vo na_mW_mJu
_Zw`mZo Ad` gndmdo AgoM gd gVmMo gmJUo Amho.
AmnU Ba^$s BVH$s H$aVmo naVw nhmdo Vo OmV, OmVM AS>Wio d Xw:I_` ^moJ nwT>o Cô
amhVmV d Aem doir gmYH$mMo _ZmMm Vmoc gwQyZ OJmV Ba IamoIaM Amho H$m`? d Vmo Oa `m`r
Amho Va _J ^$mZm gH$Q>o d Xw:Io H$m `mdr Agm ge` _ZmV C^m amhmVmo d Vgo hmoUo ho _Zm`m
MMcVo_wio gmh{OH$M Amho.
gwImMm d dm_d$nmMm _mJM gH$Q> nanaoVZy OmV Amcm Amho. Agm AmOdaMm AZw^d Amho.
H$maU gH$Q>H$mcmVM na_m`mMr AmR>dU hmoVo d ggmamMo d`W H$i`mcm \$maM _XV hmoV.o _r Xoh
d {XgUmao ho gd _mPo Aer Ordmcm Or `mYr O_moO_r OS>cr Amho. Vr Xya hmd`mcm hdr d _r Xoh
dm H$Vr ZgyZ AV:H$aUmV dmg H$$Z AgUmam Am{U gd OZ_Zgmjr Am{U gd {dmV `mnyZ
Cacocm d {d$nmZo {dcgUmam Agm Ho$dc {ed {ZOmZX_`, g{XmZXKZ na_m_mM _r Amho ho
R>m_ ~mUyZ {Mm nyUn Uo `mV {dcrZ hmoVmM maYmMo H$mhrM dmQ>Zo mgo hmoV.o _mPm d H$VrMm H$mhrM
g~Y Zmhr. _r nyU A{c gwI_` Am{U AZm{X d {Z` ^$Z Cacocm Amho, hm T>^md hmoUo d
{dMma{hV pWVrV ewgdm_H$ ~wrV AmncoM {Vq~~ AZw^dyZ VV gmjr dm _r q~~ Amho ho
dmZw^Vy rZo AZw^dUo hmM _moj Amho. `m {R>H$mUr "gmo@h' AOnmdm. H$mahr CaV Zmhr Va ggma,
maY, gwI, Xw:I, _r, _mPo H$go amhrc ? Agmo. lrg lr.n.ny.1008 lrYadm_r _hmamO `m`m
gmYZH$mcmH$S>o Oa AmnU Oam >r didmc Va cJoM Amn`mcm g_OyZ òBc H$s na_m`mZo
IamoIaM _cm MmJ`m n[apWVrV R>do co Amho. XoUo d XwIUo ho ggmamV H$moUmcm gwQ>co Amho ? Agmo.
Amnco Jw lrdm_rOr g_W AmhoV. `mZm gd H$iV Amho. `mZmM AZ` ^mdmZo eaU Om hUOo
maY H$_mZgw ma Vmo am_am`m gd H$mhr MmJco H$arc. Yra gmoS>y ZH$m. e_ X_ {VVrjm`w$ dmJm.
na_mWmV H$gmoQ>m dmadma AmhoV. H$gmoQ>rcm {Q>H$o c VmoM nwT>o OmBc. MT>U gnVmM CVaU cmJVo.
hUyZ e` Va gmdH$me MT>U MT>`mMo H$m` Mmcy Agmd.o
gwImnmR>r Xw:I Xw:ImnmR>r gwI & `m` hm{M XoI & ~hH$mitMm
maYmZwgma KS>VmVr ^moJ & nar AVaJ ZM hmcmdo
286 && MV`gy` &&
&& 1 &&
&& 2 &&
EH$ har Am_m {Od-{ed g_ & dmZw^do d_ AZw^dmdo

harMr H$nZm VrM _hm_m`m & nmhmVm h[a$nmMm cmon Vmho
harnmR>r Omdo, _Z EH$mJVm & gVgJ Y[aVm VaUmonm`
gwI Xw:I gmao hargr Anmdr & ^$s EH$ ^mdo _mJm VrM
A{Z` ggma C_OmoZ AVar & dVmdo ggmar gdH$mi
H$moUmMr r, _wc,o H$dUmMo gmoBa o & dZrMm `dhmao nS>Vmimdo
EH$m V$Vir ~gm`mgr Amcr & nar ^wcr nS>cr Ord ^mdo
A`mgo AIS> gm{YVm ÔZ & Ord ^md nyU hmanVmo
d$nr ~mUVm AVmMm ~moY & AdKm g{XmZX âcm dmQ>o
{edm` Z_: gH$c {edmMo & Anm gH$c `mMo `mg ^mdo
gH$c gwX a, g` EH$ {ed & Eogm hmdm ^md EH$m_H$
"{edmo@h' A^`mgo _Z Am{U {Mm & Kmcm gXmoXrV d$nm_mOr
c` Vr gmYVm VwQ>o XohmhVm & Ho$dc {ed$nr `m _oidUr
Xmg hUo Eogo `mdo AZw^dmoZ & gX>JwH$no nyU Eo` nmdo
&& 3 &&
&& 4 &&
&& 5 &&
&& 6 &&
&& 7 &&
&& 8 &&
&& 9 &&
&& 10 &&
&& 11 &&
&& 12 &&
&& 13 &&
&& 14 &&
&& 15 &&
&& 16 &&
&& VgV &&
Agmo. H$moU`m O_rMo maY Ho$hm Cô amhrc `mMm H$m` Zo_. naVw _r EH$M Amho. AmnU
{c{h`m_mUoM hm Xohhr maYmMoM A`V {~H$Q> Ioi AZw^drV Amho. Am{U lrJwH$noZo A`V
{Z^`VoZo lrJwamO gajU H$$Zhr ZoV Amho.
Amnco Hw$Qw>~ \$ma A{YH$mar Amho. AmnU d `mZr lram_am`mcm {dZdyZ gmJmdo hUOo `mo`
H$mcr Vmo AmnUm C^`Vmg Amn`m WmZmOdi ZoBc. `m~c _cm ge` Zmhr. Agmo ~hYm
lrdm_r ò`m Xmg Zd_rcm JS>mda òVrc, `mdoir e`Va ôQ>m d AZw^d `m.
_wcm`m _wOr Pm`m H$m`? emioV OmVmV H$m`? AaqdX dJao R>rH$ AmhoV Zm? Agmo. Vmo BaM
gdmMm mVm d gm^mi H$aUmam Amho. Vmo R>odrc Vgo amhmUo ^mJ Amho.
lrdm_r d$nmZX AmnUmg n {c{hVmV d `mMr AmnUmda H$nm Amho. Ho$hmVar n òVo.
lr.S>m. {_amer R>rH$ AmhoV. `mMmhr A`mg Mmcy Omhcm Amho. ~mH$s gd R>rH$ AmhoV. `moJm`moJmZo
lrhar {VH$S>o AmUrc `mdoir `j ôQ> hmoBc. _r \$$ chmZ _yc Amho. _cm gdmZr gm^mim.
H$nm Am[edmX nmR>dm. gwIr Agm. gm.d{hZtg Z_H$ma d lr.AaqdX AmXr gdmg Am[edmX.
Amncm,
gXJwMaUaO
{d. J. Omoer.
n[a{e> - 3 / 287
18.
{V - lr. {X. Zm. ~mUmdcr, Zdr {Xr - 5
&& lr &&
VgV &
lrgado Z_: &
nwUo - 16
{X. 26/3/1961
{M. am. {XZmZmW `mg lrdm_rH$noMo AZoH$mom_ Am{edmX Cnar {deof Amnco {X.20/3/61 Mo n {_iyZ _OHy$a g_Ocm. AmnU `m H$moggmR>r {Xrcm Jocm
AmhmV Vmo gw$ Pmcm AgocM. `mV èdr hmoD$Z AmnU _o _{h`mV naV _w~Bg `mdo. VoWrc hdm
g`m \$maM D$U Amho. Var amoO {hadm H$mXm Imdm (nmT>am) d XmoZ VrZ H$n nm`mV YUo {ÔV
KmcyZ Vo nmUr amoO 2/3 doim `mdo, ^wXogmB d lr. dmUr ho òWo òD$Z Joco. Amhr AmVm {ZXmZ
20-22 df} Var OmV Zmhr. O_oc VohT>r CnmgZm nwao.
_Zr `mdm har ^$mMm H$dmar & gajU H$ar {ZOXmgmMo
AZ` hmoD${Z Xmgo AmR>{dVm & nS>o gmar qMVm V`mcmJr
Vmhco aS>Vm qH$H$miyZr nmhr & _mD$cr Vr òB Ymdmo{Z`m
V` XoD$Zr`m gwIdr V`mgr & ^$s hr ^$mgr Eogr hmdr
^{$Mm {Ohmim OmUy{Z`m `mdm & nmdmdo d^dm _mojm{Mò
Xmg hUo V AVmMo nc & nhm EH$ doi Am_mam_
&& 1 &&
&& 2 &&
&& 3 &&
&& 4 &&
&& 5 &&
&& 6 &&
_r g`m òWoM Amho. H$Vrcm Onmdo. H$imdo ho Am{edmX

Amncm,
lrgMaUaO,
{d. J. Omoer.
19.
{V - lr. H$_cmH$anV c. dmcmdcH$a, _w~B
&& lr &&
VgV &
lrgado Z_: &
nwUo - 16
{X. 17/9/1963
lr. am. am. dmcmdcH$a `mgr dm_rH$noMo AZoH$mom_ AmerdmX C. {d. Amn`m _S>irMr d _wcmMr H$Vr ~amo~a Zmhr Ago g_Oco. _wcmMr {cha {~KS>cr Amho
Agohr g_Oco. Var `mo` Vo AmfYmonMma H$a`mV h`J` H$$ Zò. AmVm `mMr H$Vr gwYmaV
288 && MV`gy` &&
AgocM. AmfYm~amo~a _wcm`m S>mòQ>_ò d n`m_ò A`V H$miOr `mdr. Amn`m _S>ircm
d _wcmcm cdH$a gnyU Amamo` mV hmdo hUyZ ltMo MaUr mWZm H$arV Amho. lrg ~m~m
nmR>rer AgVmZm Amn`mcm ^rVrMo H$gcohr H$maU Zmhr, `m~c Imr ~miJm.
gX>J
w g_W ~m~m _hmamO & a{jVr ghO VwhmcmJr
godm `mMo nm`r Oy Ago OmUm & ^md {Z>m `mZm H$iVgo
amO`mg_mZ H$amdm nM & na_mWu ghO _mJ Mmcm
Vw_Mm `moJ jo_ gX>JwMo {ear & AZ`Vm Iar MaUr R>odm
hmodmo{Z AZ` H$am CnmgZm & gX>J
w MaUm `mZr Yam
`Wm e{$ gmo@h $n Yam `mZr & N>X jUmojUr Vmo{M cmJmo
Xmg hUo gX>Jw H$m$`mMr _y{V & AVr Vwhm XoVr gm`w`Vm
&& 1 &&
&& 2 &&
&& 3 &&
&& 4 &&
&& 5 &&
&& 6 &&
&& 7 &&
dmg OnyZ H$amdm. dV:`m H$VrMr H$miOr `m. Cnojm H$$ ZH$m. gd H$mhr R>rH$ hmoBc.
Amn`m _S>ircm d _wcmcm Am{edmX. lr. AmR>co `mg Am{edmX. lr. nmSw>aJamd d `m`m
_S>itZm Z_H$ma. Amnco gmgy-eyamg Z_H$ma d `mMoH$S>rc BVa gdmg Am[edmX.
lr. XogmB `mMoH$S>rc gdmg Am[edmX. lr. aZmH$a `mMoH$S>rc gdmg Am{edmX.
AmO amoOr lt`m nmXwH$mda Amn`m Zmdo m{^foH$ Ho$cm. Zmai \$moS>cm, hma KmVcm d
Amn`m gdm`mH$aVm jo_H$`mUmW mWZm Ho$cr.
ew^ ^dVw & H$imdo ho A{edmX.
Amncm,
lrgMaUaO
{d. J. Omoer.
20.
&& lr &&
VgV &
lrgado Z_: &
nwUo - 16
{X. 22/9/1963
lr. am. am. H$_cmH$anV `mgr lrdm_rH$noMo AZoH$mom_ Am[edmX Cnar {deof.
{M. {dH$mg `mMr H$Vr Amn ~ar Zmhr, Ago {XgVo d g_OVo. AmnU {H$Vrhr H$m`_
AgcmV Var H$V` `m >rZo d O~m~Xmar `m >rZo _wcm`m H$VrH$S>o d _S>it`m H$VrH$S>o cj
n[a{e> - 3 / 289
XoUo, A`V _hdmMr ~m~ Amho. Oer AmnU CnmgZm H$aVmo `mM_mUo Hw$Qw>~mVrc _S>ir hr gwm
na_oamMr d$n| AmhoV Ago g_OyZ `mMr e` Vr godm H$aUo, hr gwm BamMr nyOmM Amho.
kmZoa _hmamOm`m eXmV,
""V`m gdm_H$m Bam & dH$_ Hw$gw_mMr dram & nyOm Ho$cr hmo` Anmam & VmofmcmJr &&''
Var h`J` Z H$aVm Cm_mom_ S>mQ>a AJa d `m`mH$Sy>Z H$Vr VnmgyZ Amamo` mrgmR>r
`mo` Vo BcmO H$amdo d _cm H$idmdo.
earam`m >rZo h| BcmO AmhoV. AmVm Ord H$_ maYmZwgma Am{YX{dH$ d Am{Y^m{VH$ coe
d `m{Y {Zdma`mH$[aVm S>mQ>a AJa d Cn`moJr ZmhrV. `mgmR>r BamMrM CnmgZm Amd`H$
AgVo. Var Amn`mcm e` Pm`mg, lrdm_r g_W _R>, A$cH$moQ> coZ òWo lrdm_tMo
nmXwH$mda Xa Jwdmar EH$ mMr EH$mXeUr Imr`m ~mUmH$Sy>Z H$admdr d Vo VrW d AJmam
_wcmcm d _S>itZm mdo. VgoM O_`mg MmJ`m ~mUmH$Sy>Z _hm_`wO`mMm MVwXeUdr On
AH$am hOma H$adyZ `mdm. e`Va ~mUmZo Vmo On Vw_`m amh`mMo OmJoV òD$Z H$amdm.
{M. {dH$mgH$[aVm d Amn`m _S>itH$[aVm CmnmgyZ òWo lt`m nmXwH$mda Amn`m Zmdo
VohVrg {Xdg XaamoO EH$ `m _mUo VohVrg m`m EH$mXe`m H$a`mg gwdmV H$arV Amho d
_hm_`wO`mMm Onhr (MVwXeUdr) AH$am hOma H$adyZ KoV Amho. VgoM lrgeVrMo ~oMmirg
nmR> VohVrg {XdgmV H$adyZ KoUma Amho. VohVrg {Xdg nwao hmoBn`V Amn`mcm amoO AJmam d
gmX nmR>{dcm OmBc.
VwhmgmR>r Cô dm_r `mo{JamO & nyU H$arVr H$mO `moJ jo_r
am{Xg Vwhm gm^m{iVr dm_r & cj mdo Zm_t AZ`d|
gd qMVm ^ma Kmcm dm_rdar & {ZdmaU H$ar gH$Q>mM
o
Xmg hUo d$nr dm_r`m a_mdo & VoUo Y` hmdo OrdZmV
&& 1 &&
&& 2 &&
&& 3 &&
&& 4 &&
Amncr lm, ^{$ d {Z>m AZwn_ AmhoV EdT>oM {c{hVmo.

Amn`m _S>ircm d _wcmcm AZoH$ Cm_ Am[edmX, nmMr ^mfm H$Xm{MV Amn`mcm H$S>H$
dmQ>oc Var amJ _mZy Zò.
H$imdo, ho Am{edmX.
Amncm,
lrgMaUaO
{d. J. Omoer.
290 && MV`gy` &&
21.
&& lr &&
VgV &
lrgado Z_: &
nwUo - 16
{X. 20/7/1965
{M. am. H$_cmH$anV `mgr lrdm_rH$noMo AZoH$ Cm_ AmerdmX C. {d.Amnco n {_iyZ _OHy$a g_Ocm. AmO gH$mirM AmnUmcm _r n {c{hco d gm`H$mir Amnco n
Amc.o Amncr H$Vr ~ar hmoV Amho ho dmMyZ A{Ve` AmZX Pmcm. AmnUmcm cmH$amV cmH$a ~ao dmQ>mdo
`mgmR>r ltMo MaUr mWZm H$arV Amho. H$mhr H$miOr H$$ Zò. lrg ~m~m Amnco nmR>rer gXd AmhoV d
Amnco ZrQ> ajU H$arV AmhoV `mMr Imr ~miJm.
ggma hm gwIXw:I [_{lV Amho. Ho$hm B> Ho$hm A{Z> maY òVo Vo ^moJyZ gndm`Mo AgVo. gmYZm
H$a`mgmR>r d `dhmamV nS>`mZVa `dhmamgmR>r earamMr _w` Amd`H$Vm d Vho r gwT> d gwpWVrV
Agmdo cmJV.o `mgmR>rM
`mMrhr H$miOr KoUo A`V OarMo d Amd`H$ AgVo. ZXrVZy ncrH$S>o Omd`mMo
Va Zmd nm{hOo d Vr ZrQ> Agmdr ~wS>y Zò `mgmR>r `m Zmdc
o m VocnmUr cmdmdM
o cmJVo VaM Vr H$m_ XoV.o `m
^dgmJamVZy ZrQ>nUo Z ~wS>Vm ghrgcm_V ncVramcm Omd`mMo Ag`mg Vr Zmd ZrQ> R>do crM nm{hOo d
`mgmR>r {VMr H$miOrhr KoVcr nm{hOo.
n` nmiU,o ZrQ> AmfY KoU,o CJmM YmdmYmd ZH$mo. doi`m doir OodU KoUo d ZrQ> emVnUo H$miOr Z
H$aVm A`mg O_oc VodT>m H$aU,o Vmn {ZKVmM cJoM YmdmYmd H$$ ZH$m. Vmn CcQ>`mMm g^d AgVmo.
`mo` H$miOr `m. Amn`m _S>itZm d _wcmcm ltMo gnU
y n Uo gajU AmhoM Amho `mMr Imr ~miJm.
ltMo H$noZo gd H$mhr R>rH$ hmoBc. Zm__aU d A`mg H$aUo _hdmMo. Amn`m _S>itZrhr `mZm gm{JVcoc|
Ad` H$amd.o
nwT>o AmnU `mc `mdoir AmZXmZo ôQ> hmoBcM. _mPr H$Vr R>rH$ Amho. ltMo WmZmV gd R>rH$ Amho.
gd {ddMZm `mZmM Amho. Vo KS>{dVrc `m_mUo hmoBc. emVnUo `mMr godm H$arV amhUo hoM H$V`.
lr. Zm_Omoer JwOr doido a òV AgVrcM. gd H$m`H$ _ ZrQ> H$aVmV qH$dm Zmhr Vo H$i{dU.o AmnU
~ao hmoD$Z cmH$a ltMo XeZmg òWo òD$Z Omc Aer ewôN>m H$arV Amho.
Amn`m _S>itZm d _wcmcm A{edmX. lr_Vr AmBZm Z_H$ma. `mMoH$S>rc gdmg A{edmX.
lr. XogmB `mMHo $S>rc gdmg A{edmX. lr. Zm_Omoer JwOtZm d `mMHo $S>rc gdmg A{edmX. Amnco
d{S>cmZm Z_H$ma. Amnco Xmohr ~YyZm d `mMoH$S>rc gdmg A{edmX.
H$imdo ho A{edmX.
Amncm,
lrgMaUaO
{d. J. Omoer.
n[a{e> - 3 / 291
22.
{V - gm. {Z_cmVmB ZriH$R>amd Iao, dYm
&& lr &&
&& VV gV &&
&& lrgado Z_: &&
nwUo,
{X. 21/4/1973
{M. gm. {Z_cmVmB `mgr lrdm_rg_W H$noMo AZoH$mom_ Am{edmX Cnar {deof Amnco n {_iyZ _OHy$a g_Ocm.
{M. amO| hm gwI$n nw`mg òD$Z nmohmoMcm. H$mcM òWo lt`m WmZmV XeZmg òD$Z Jocm.
Vmo òWo XmoZ-VrZ {Xdg amh`mgmR>r òUma Amho hUyZ hUmcm. Iwemc Amho. H$miOr H$$ Zò.
gd _wcmZm `m`m narjoV gwè m hmdo `mgmR>r lrg ~m~mMo MaUr mWZm Ho$cr Amho.
{M. g`m {hcm Wi ~hV H$$Z ZmJnya AJa A_amdVr `m XmoZ {R>H$mUmVM JmdrM H$moR>oVar
{_ioc. IQ>nQ> Mmcy R>odmdr. lrg ~m~m`m H$noZo {VMo c ò`m _mJerf Vo _mK _{h`mn`V
hmoBc. H$miOr H$$Z Var OmV H$m` hmoUma.
_r {XZmH$ 23/4/73 amoOr òWyZ _w~Bg OmV Amho d VoWyZ nwT>o H$moH$UmV OmV Amho. naV
nw`mcm 22-23 _o`m gw_mamg XmoZ-VrZ {Xdg òBZ Ago hUVmo. H$m` KS>oc Vo Iao.
H$mhr Jmo>r Aem AmhoV H$s `m Vwhr dV: ôQ>mc `mdoir g_j ~mocVm òVrc. _mPo OrdZ ho
gddr ~m~m`m MaUr dm{hcoco hUOo `mZrM dmhdyZ KoVcoco hUOo drH$V Ho$coco Amho. AmVm
ho eara hUOo Ho$di EH$ ` Amho. AmVm lrg ~m~m ho `m_mUo ho ` MmcdVmV, `m_mUo Vo
MmcVo. `mnojm OmV H$m` {ch.
`m OrdZmV dmJ`mMo H$mhr {Z`_ d Vdo R>acocr AmhoV d Vgo dmJV AgVmZm Hw$Umcm cmo^
dmQ>oc, Hw$Umcm amJ òBc. naVw VdUmcrZwgma godH$ ^mdmZo dmJV amhUo òdT>oM _mPo H$m_.
Vwhmcm H$Vr_mZ ~ao Zgoc Va S>mQ>acm H$Vr XmIdmdr AJa dmcm H$Vr XmIdmdr d
doirM AmfYmonMma H$adyZ `mdo ho ~a|.
`m nMmV AZoH$ Ord `m`m `m`m ~`mdmBQ> JVgH$nmZwgma EH$m Hw$Qw>~mV EH$ òVmV.
g_gH$n AgVmV Vmon`V o_mZo, AmZXmZo Am{U {_dmZo dmJVmV. naVw maYmH$_mZwgma Oa
H$Xm{MV {df_ gH$n ^moJmd`mg nwT>o Amco Va VoM o_r Ord cJoM {df_gH$nmZwgma EH$_oH$mMo
H$>o ey hmoVmV d EH$_oH$mZm {damoYmZo mg Xo`mg gwdmV H$aVmV. hm OJmVrc rnwf$nmZo
IoiUm`m na_oamMm AZmH$cZr` Ioi _r gVV nmhmV Amho. emV amhm. BamMo Zm__aU H$am.
OodT>m {_ioc VodT>m H$mi BeqMVZmV Kmcdm. dH$V`namÙ amhm. e` Vmo `m` Zr{VY_mZo
292 && MV`gy` &&
dmJmdo. {ddoH$ {dMma Am{U ^{$ Am{U {damJVm `mMm AmYma KoD$Z Mmcco AgVm OrdZmV
_Zw`mcm emVrMm AmYma d cm^ {_iVmo. emVr d AmZX hr _mZ`mda Amho. lrg ~m~m`m
H$noZo Vw_Mo gd Cm_ hmoBc `mMr Imr ~miJm. `mMr H$nm Vwhm gd Hw$Qw>{~`mda Amho.
BH$S>ohr `Xm Chmim \$ma Amho. 108 Ae Q>|naoMa `mM _{h`mV OmD$ cmJco Amho. _hmJmB
namH$moQ>rcm nmohmoMcr Amho. nwaogo AYm` aoeqZJda {_iV Zmhr. _YyZ _YyZ nm`mMrgwm AmoaS>
hmoVo. Xod R>odrc Vgo amhmUo Ordmcm ^mJ Amho Ago hUV AgVmo.
òWo lt`m WmZmV gd R>rH$ Amho. Zoh_rMo H$m`H$_ Mmcy AmhoV. lrgV Zm_Xod _hmamO,
lrkmZoa _hmamO, lrVwH$mam_ _hmamO, lrEH$ZmW _hmamO `mMr M[ao dmMyZ nm{hcr Va g_mOmZo
`mMm {H$Vr N>i Ho$cm d na_ Ba{Z>m Am{U ^$s AgyZhr `mZm jUmojUr H$go d {H$Vr Xw:I
ghZ H$amdo cmJco ho {XgV|. _mPo gX>Jw lrg ~m~m `mMmhr H$gH$`m arVrZo nw`mV N>i Pmcm ho
Vwhmg _m{hVr Amho. "maY H$_Um ^moJmXod j`:&' hrM Jmo> Iar. lrg ~m~mZm Va cmoH$mZr
H$mhr H$mhr doim m{h ^JdmZ H$$Z gmoS>co Amho. lrgV VwH$mam_ _hmamOmMm EH$ A^J AmR>dcm
Vmo {c{hVmo.
Xoh Vd Amho maYmAYrZ & `mMm _r H$m erU dmh ^ma
gamo _mPm H$mi Vw{P`m qMVZ| & H$m`m dmMm _Zo BpN>Vgo
cm^ Vmo Z {Xgo Am{UH$ Xwgam & H$no`m XmVmam òUo O_|
VwH$m hUo Amcmo gmoerV gH$Q>o & H$_r _mPo dmoIQ>o Amho Xodm
&& 1 &&
&& 2 &&
&& 3 &&
&& 4 &&
`m A^JmMm {dMma H$aVm d AWmH$S>o cj XoVm, IamoIaM hm A^J _hdmMm Amho. VgmM
Xwgam lrEH$ZmW _hmamOmMm A^J AmR>dcm Vmohr nwT>o {c{hVmo.
AmdS>rZo ^mdo har Zm_ Kogr & VwPr qMVm `mgr gd Amho
gH$c OrdmMm H$[aVmo gm^mi & VwO _moH$crc Eogo Zmhr
ZH$mo IoX H$$$ H$moU`m Jmo>rMm & nVr c_rMm nmhVg|
EH$m OZmXZr ^moJ maYmMm & har H$n| `mMm Zme hmo`
&& 1 &&
&& 2&&
&& 3 &&
&& 4 &&
`mhr A^JmMm gnyU {dMma Ho$cm AgVm, Ordmcm MmJcmM AW~moY KoVm òVmo. gV hUVmV
"Amnwco H$`mU BpN>Uo O`mgr & VoUo `m Zm_mgr {dg~y Zò&&' {_ioc VodT>m doi, "lrZ_:
{edm`' `m Zm__aUmV Kmcdmdm. Vw_`m gd Hw$Qw>~mMm {dMma H$amd`mMm hUOo `mV Vwhr,
Vw_Mo Ò_mZ, Vw_Mo _wcJo d Vw_`m _wcr, `mM_mUo Vw_Mo XmoZ Xra, Vw_`mH$S>o amhmV Agcocr
Vw_Mr ZUX, AmOr~mB `m gdm`m H$_g_wM`mMm EH${V {dMma H$$Z _JM ^mH$sV H$amdo
cmJoc. òH$mMo H$m{`H$, dm{MH$ d _mZ{gH$ BhO_rMo H$_ d òH$mMo nydmaYH$_ `mMn_mUo
òH$mMm AmMma {dMma d CMma, ImUo{nUo dJao gd Jmo>tMm gnyU {dMma H$amdm cmJVmo. "AmMma:
n[a{e> - 3 / 293
W_mo Y_: &' Ago dMZ Amho. `m gdmMm {dMma H$$Z _J `m Hw$Qw>~mV Hw$cY_, Hw$imMma nmico
OmVmV qH$dm Zmhr. AmMma H$go AmhoV? `m {R>H$mUr ho gd Ord amhVmV Vo Ka d Vr OmJm H$er
Amho ? VgoM Wc d H$mcmMmhr {dMma H$$Z _J `m gd Hw$Qw>~mMo d `mVrc `q$Mo ^m{H$V
R>admdo cmJVo. Agmo.
Vwhr dV: {edcrcm_V dmMmdo. lrg ~rS>H$a _hmamOmMo M[a, lrg ~m~mMo M[a d
^mJdV dmMmdo hUOo _Z:em{V {_iyZ _ZmoY` m hmoBc. nwhm EH$Xm {c{hVmo H$s, lrg
~m~m`m H$noZo Vwhr gd gH$Q>mVyZ d gJmVyZ {Z^mdyZ nma nS>mc.
lr. ~mimgmho~ `mZm Z_H$ma, AmOtZm Z_H$ma, lr. _moamonV d Amn`m ZUX~mB `mg
Z_H$ma. {M. g`mcm d {M. Za| `mcm AmerdmX.
gm. ZramH$S>o AmOM 20 n`mMr _.Am.~miV{dS>m hUyZ lr. A$Uamd `mMo Zmdo Ho$cr Amho.
`mMm nmm {M. amO| `mZo òWo H$mc gm{JVcm. lr. ~mimgmho~ `mZr d Vwhr dV: Amn`m
H$Vrg OnyZ amhmUo.
H$imdo,
Amncm,
lrgXJw MaUaO,
{d. J. Omoer.
23.
{V - lr. {dZmW Xmmo` ^wXogmB, {Xr - 5
&& lr &&
VgV &
lrgado Z_: &
Vmc_H$s dmS>r, _w~ B -7

{X. 16/3/1958
{M. am. {dZmWamd `mgr lrdm_rH$noMo AZoH$ Cm_ Am{edmX. Cnar {deof Amncr no {_iyZ _OHy$a g_Ocm. AmnU ~hYm _mM AIoa _w~Bg `mc Ago {c{hVm,
`m_mUo AmnU `mcM.
{Z`_rVnUo O_oc `m_mUo A`mg Ho$cm hUOo JwH$noZo _mJmV J{V hmoV AgVoM, `mMr
Imr Agmdr. gH$minmgyZ g`mH$min`V òUm`m òH$ dmrMo gemoYZ Ho$co Am{U `m gd`m
gd Pmon`mMo doir lr^wMaUr AnU Ho$`m Va \$maM MmJco. AZwgYmZ amhrc `m_mUo R>odmdo.
AmnU ~hYm frHo$ecm OmD$Z Amcm AgmcM. am. ~mUmdcr `mMo c 1 _o amoOr _w~BV hmd`mMo
294 && MV`gy` &&
Amho. Amnco Kar ltMm gmX nmohmoM{d`mgmR>r lr. am. am_^mD$ AmR>ò ho 5-6 {Xdgmnydu Joco
hmoVo. `md$Z Amnco KaMr gd _S>ir jo_ AmhoV. _r Cm hUOo {XZmH$ 17/3/58 amoOr
Jmo`mg Omd`mg {ZKV Amho. _oMo n{h`m AmR>dS>mV ~hYm naV òBZ. H$Vrcm OnyZ dmJmdo.
lr. d gm. _a~ir `mMo AmnUmg Am{edmX.
H$imdo ho Am{edmX.
Amncm
lrgMaUaO,
{d. J. Omoer.
24.
{V - lr. ~mnyamd ^mQ>dS>oH$a, {MniyU
&& VV gV &&
&& lrg g&&

nmf d 8, a{ddma {X.20-1-52
OZVml_, KmUoH$a `mMo Ka,
2449, daMr Amir,aZm{Jar
lr. am. am. ~mnyamd ^mQ>dS>oH$a `mgr go_ Z_H$ma, {d. {d.
_r d ~wdm Ago XmoKo _Jidmar naV {MniwUmg Amcmo. Amncm Vnmg Ho$cm; naVw AmnU
lrJUnVrnw`mg Jo`mMo g_Oco. ~wYdmar Amhr {MniyUhZ gmdS>mg Jocmo. VoWo e{Zdman`V
amhZ e{Zdmar aZm{Jarg _r EH$Q>mM Amcmo. AmVm òWrc H$m_o CaHy$Z lr _hmamOmMo g_mYrMo
H$m_mH$[aVm 10 EH$ {XdgmV _w~Bg OmBZ. _r {MniyU òWo Am`mdoir AmoiI ZgVmhr doi
_moSy>Z AmnU Oo AmnwcH$sZo d o_mZo gm Ho$co `m~c \$maM AmZX dmQ>cm. AmnUmH$S>o n`mH$[aVm
AO {Xcm Amho. `mV 10 \w$Q>r no {c{hco AmhoV naVw nadm nwhm nmhVm no 12 \w$Q>r cmJVmV Var
e`Va 12 \w$Q>r gmoim no Xo`mMr `dWm H$amdr. Amnco n OmVmM ~wdm AmncoH$S>o òD$Z
`dWm H$aVrc. lr _hmamOmMo g_mYrMo H$m_m~c AmnUmg AmWm {Xgcr. Var e`Vmo OmV
_XV {_i{d`mMr IQ>nQ> H$amdr. lr._hmamO AmnUmg gwIr R>odmoV. XoUJrXmamMr Zmdo d nmo _cm
H$idmdo hUOo cJoM nmd`m H$$Z nmR>drZ. _wcmg Am{edmX. ôQ>rMm gw`moJ cdH$aM òdmo.
Amncm
{d>b JUoe Omoer.
n[a{e> - 3 / 295
25.
{V - lr. _YwH$anV {d. H$mio, XmohX, JwOamW
&& lr &&
&& VV gV &&
&& lrgado Z_:&&
nwU,o
{X. 13/8/61
lr. am. _YwH$anV `mgr lrdm_rH$noMo AZoH$mom_ Am{edmX. Cnar {deof.

Amnco 9/8 Mo n {_iyZ _OHy$a g_Ocm.
{ZO{hV ~moY d A>Ho$ _ZZnydH$ dmMmdr d AmZX `mdm. gdmMr CnmgZm {Z`m_mUoM Mmcy
Agmdr.
Xodm _cm ew ^$s^md Xo d VwPr godm _m`m e$s_mUo _m`mH$Sy>Z {Zh}VwH$nUo H$adyZ Ko.
H$moU`mhr, gwIm`m dm Xw:Im`m n[apWVrV VwPr BN>m Agoc `m_mUo _cm R>od d Vo maYH$_
^moJyZ gn{d`mMr _cm VmH$X Xo. gd H$mi d gd n[apWVrV {ZaVa VwPo Zm_ _m`m _aUmV d
_wImV òD$ Xo d VwPo $n gXmo{XV _m`m Z`ZmV {Xgy Xo. _mPr ~wr ew d Wra H$a. _mPr AhVm
d H$nZm hr Vw`m nm`mOdi AnU H$adyZ Ko. Xod _mPm, _r XodmMm hoM _m`m {MmmV gVV amh Xo.
VyM _mPm _m`~mn, JUJmoV gd H$mhr Amhog. VyM _cm Ord$nmZo {dmV AmUcog Am{U _cm
OrdJWtMm ôX H$$Z _mPr ~VoMr H$nZm Zm{her H$$Z Vw`m {edd$nmV gm_mdyZ KoUma. VyM
gd e$sdmZ AZV, Anma Amhog. VyM na_ kmZ d VyM na_g` d$n d H$me Amhog. `m
{MaVZ Aem na_emV Vw`m d$nmV _cm VwPm ^$ hUyZ Vw`m MaUmnmer R>od. _mPo hrV d
AZ{hV VwcmM H$iVo. _mPo Am_{ZdoXZ d Am_g_nU hrM _mPo nm_amMr VwPo MaUt ^$s Amho.
ho X`W na_oam Vwcm _mPo {dZ_^mdo eVe: Um_ Ago XodmOdi _mJmdo.
lr. ~mimgmho~ d lr. d `mMo AmnUmg Z_H$ma. H$imdo ho Am{edmX.
Amncm,
gXJwMaUaO,
{d. J. Omoer.
26.
&& lr &&
&& VV gV &&
&& lrgado Z_: &&
nwU,o
{X. 5/4/65
{M. am. _YwH$anV `mgr lrdm_rH$noMo AZoH$mom_ Am{edmX. Cnar {deof. Amnco {X.3/3/65
296 && MV`gy` &&
Mo n {_iyZ _OHy$a g_Ocm.

AmnUm C^`Vm`m VòVr ~`m AmhoV d CnmgZmhr H$arV AmhmV ho dmMyZ g_mYmZ dmQ>co.
Amn`m CnmgZoV dmT> hmodmo d lrg ~m~m`m H$noZo AmnUmcm _mZgrH$ W` d g_mYmZ {_imo
d Amnco Bhna H$`mU hmodmo Aer mWZm ltMo MaUr Ho$cr Amho. T> ^md, ew ^{$ d godm
`mZoM Ordmcm na_oar H$nm cm^V AgVo. Xodmcm ew ^{$MrM Amd`H$Vm AgVo. Vmo gXd
òH$mMo AVaJmV Amho. `mMo XeZ hmo`mgmR>r Zm__aU, _ZZ, {ZO`mg, ew AmMma {dMma,
gwgJVr, gwdmgZm d gVmMr M[ao dmMUo Agm _mJ Amho. `mZ`w$ On gmYoc Vmo H$amdm. _Z
hiyhiy emV hmoBc d B{`mMohr {Z`_Z hiyhiy hmoBc. CXmg hmoD$ ZH$m. Ba nm{R>amIm Amho hr
Imr ~miJm.
gXm gdH$mi Zm_ _wIr `mdo & Zm_rVo nhmdo S>mo`m_mOr
_Z cmdmoZr`m H$amdo _aU & VoUo Xm nyU H$nm H$ar
{Z` Xm `mZr Agmdo aJmoZ & VoUo g_mYmZ nmdmc Jm
Xm JwUJmZ, crcmMo ldU & VoU| B{`JU emV hmo`
Xmg hUo cmJmo Xm Zm_r `mg & VoU
o M
o gwImg nmdmc Jm
&& 1&&
&& 2 &&
&& 3 &&
&& 4 &&
&& 5 &&
Amnco _S>itZm d `mMo ^mMrcm Am{edmX. H$imdo ho Am{edmX.

Amncm,
lrgMaUaO
{d. J. Omoer.
27.
&& lr &&
&& VV gV &&
&& lrgado Z_: &&
nwU,o
{X. 18/7/68
lr. am. _YwH$anV `mgr lrdm_rH$noMo AZoH$mom_ Am{edmX. Cnar {deof.

Amnco 15/7 Mo n {_iyZ _OHy$a g_Ocm. ZdZmW H$Wmgma {Z`{_V dmMmdo. gdmMr {Z`
CnmgZm `dpWV Mmcy Amho, `m_mUo Mmcy Agmdr. CnmgZoMmM EH$_od AmYma òH$ Ordmcm
VmaH$ Amho. OrdmMm O_moO_rMm gmJmVr EH$_od na_oaM Amho d Vmo gXmo{XV X`mV AgVmo.
`mcm ôQ>`mMm gXd `Z Agmdm.
ao{S>Amo Iyn doi ImVmo, `mcm H$maU _Zmda Vm~m Zmhr. emr` gJrV EoH$mdo naVw 24 Vmg
n[a{e> - 3 / 297
Mmccoco OrdmMo gmo@h gJrV EoH$Uo ho _mZdmMo Iao H$V` Amho. _moh Amd$Z _Z lrhar`m
{R>H$mUr di{dUo d _ZmMr {df`mMr JmoS>r gmoS>dyZ `mcm h[aZm_m_V meZ H$a`mMr gd` cmdUo
hm Iam na_mW. _cm _mJerf _{h`m{edm` ~S>momg òVm òBc Ago dmQ>V Zmhr. lr. H$mioH$mH$m,
`mMr _S>ir, {M. H$me d {M. gXm{ed hr Jwnm{U_ocm òWo 4-5 {XdgmH$[aVm òD$Z Jocr. 14/
7 cm Vr ~S>momg admZm Pmcr. `mMo~amo~a lr. dPoH$mH$mhr {VH$S>o Joco AmhoV. 22 cm naV òVrc.
lr. ~mimgmho~ d Jmonmi AmXr gdmMo AmnUmg Z_H$ma. _mPr H$Vr R>rH$. Amncr _S>ir d {M.
`moVr `mg Am{edmX. H$imdo ho Am{edmX.
Amncm,
gMaUaO
{d. J. Omoer
28.
&& lr &&
&& VV gV &&
&& lrgado Z_: &&
nwU,o
{X. 9/4/71
lr. am. _YwH$anV H$mio `mgr lrdm_rH$noMo AZoH$mom_ Am{edmX. Cnar {deof Amnco 6.4.71 Mo n {_iyZ _OHy$a g_Ocm.
AmnUm gdmMo `dpWV (A`dpWV Zmhr hUyZ `dpWV) CnmgZm d XZ{XZ H$m`H$_
Mmcco AmhoV, ho dmMyZ g_mYmZ dmQ>co. {Z` CnmgZm ZrQ> `dpWV Mmcy R>odUo. M|Sy> hm \o$H$`mZVa
OmoamZo Cgir KoVmo d Cg`m KoV KoV AmnmoAmnM WramdVmo. VgoM _ZmMohr Amho. _Z ho dmgZo`m
Omoamda EH$gmaIo gH$n {dH$n H$arV OmoamZo C\$miV d YmdV AgVo. Vmo `mMm d^mdM Amho.
Am{U hm `mMm d^md H$_r hmdm Am{U dmgZoMo {Z_ycZ hmdo `mgmR>r `m _Zmcm, {Z` Am{U
A{Z` ho OmUUm`m {ddoH$mMr Am{U {dMmamMr OmoS> md`mMr. ew ^$s`m {Ohm`mZo `m
_Zmcm Jm|Omamd`mMo Am{U `m_mUo YmdV gwQ>Um`m AmS>XmS> OZmdam`m J`mV cmH$S>mMo _moR>o
Wmoaco cmoT>Uo ~mYVmV, hUOo Vo Ymdmd`mMo H$_r hmoVo, `mM_mUo `m _Zmo$nr OZmdam`m J`mV
H$moU`mhr {df`mMm A{^cmf Z YaUo, ho dam`mMo H$m> ~mYmd`mMo. `m_mUo Ho$`mg Vo _Z
hiyhiy gH$n {dH$nmMo cmQ>m Cgimd`mMo gmoSy>Z hiyhiy pWamdVo. d _J `m Wra Pmco`m
_Z Am{U ~wr_ò AmnmoAmnM d$nmMo {Vq~~ nS>Vo d `mMo AIS> `mZ cmJ`mZo, eodQ>r _Z
ho Z hmoVo hUOo Zmhrgo hmoVo d {Z{dH$n g_mYrMr pWVr AIS> A`mgmZo hmoD$Z eodQ>r dmgZoMo
{Z_ycZ hmoD$Z d$n gmjmH$ma hmoVmo Am{U O_ _aUm`m \o$`mVyZ Ord gwQy>Z dd$nr crZ
hmoVmo. ^moJ ho ^moJyZ gwQ>V ZgVmV, Va CcQ> `m~cMr Amg$s dmT>V AgVo. nU {ddoH$ Am{U
298 && MV`gy` &&
{dMmamZo Ho$co`m `mJmZo ^moJdmgZm AmnmoAmnM jrU hmoV OmVmV.

Bar {V_oMo nyOZ, Zm__aU, gVmMr gJVr, gVM[amMo dmMZ, gX>JWmMo dmMZ, _ZZ
Am{U `mZ `mZo _Z ew hmoV OmVo. d ew {Mm, MV`mV {_gimd`mg doi cmJV Zmhr.
H$nm H$ar Xodam`m & Amdar ho XwYa _m`m
{eUcmo ~h _m`mgJ| & AmVm CS>r Kmcr doJo
VmoS>r {df`mMm gJ & H$ar ^$s_mOr XJ
VwPo $n Xmdr S>moim & VoUo AmZX gmohim
_wIr VwPo dgmo Zm_ & OoUo OmoS>o nwfmom_
Vd $nmMo Vo `mZ & cmdr _O am{XZ
Xmg hUo ho _wamar & H$nm H$at Jm gdar
&& 1 &&
&& 2 &&
&& 3 &&
&& 4 &&
&& 5 &&
&& 6 &&
&& 7 &&
`m_mUo ^yMr mWZm ew _ZmZo Am{U ^{$^mdmZo Ho$`mg Vmo AVaJrMm Am_mam_, Ordmda
ImrZo H$nm Ho$`m{edm` amhmV Zmhr. _m AZ`^mdmZo eaU OmUo Am{U ew^md Am{U ^{$
AgUo O$a. Omd`mMo Amho _w~Bg Am{U _mJ MmcVmo Amho H$cH$`mMm. `mZo H$YrM _w~Bg OmVm
òUma Zmhr. maY ^moJyZ gn{dUo d lrharMo MaUr AZ`^mdo OrdZ g_{nV H$aUo `m~c
lrkmZoa _mD$cr hUVo ""_m{i`| OoCVo Zoco & VoCV| {ZdmV{M Joc| & V`m nm{U`m Eogo Amnwc| & OrdZ hmoAmd| Jm &&''
`m_mUo ggmamV amhZhr dmgZm O`, dmgZoMm c` Am{U dmgZoMm j` H$aVm òVmo. g`_mZo d
A`V XjVmnydH$ ggmamV dmJ`mg, hiyhiy {df`mMr H$Qw>Vm cjmV òVo d AmnmoAmnM _Z
emV Aem ^wOt`m ^$sH$S>o diy cmJVo. _moj _mJmda dmQ>Mmc H$aUm`m nm{WH$mZo `mMr V`mar
jUmojUr H$aUo O$a Amho.
lr. ^mD$amd H$mio ho H$Xm{MV _o _{h`mV _w~Bg OmVrc. `mMr H$Vr AmVm gwYmaV Amho d
~arM gwYmacr Amho. `mZmhr ~S>momg AmOM n {chrV Amho.
òWo lt`m WmZmV gd R>rH$ Amho.
dm_rO`Vr, am_Zd_r gd Pm`m. Cm lrhZw_mZ O`Vr Amho. _r {X.11/4 cm òWyZ _w~Bg
OmBZ d VoWyZ 17/4/71 cm S>oadUcm OmBZ d VoWyZ OyZ _{h`mV naV nw`mg òBZ Ago R>aco
Amho. lr. ~mimgmho~, lr. dPoH$mH$m `mMo AmnUmg Z_H$ma. {M. gXm{ed hm òWo gwQ>rda Amcm
Amho. ò`m Jwdmar Vmo _w~Bg OmBc d VoWyZ Vmo nwT>o ~S>momg OmBc. Vw_MoH$S>o Vmo 4 {Xdg òUma
hmoVm Ago hUV hmoVm. O_oc `m_mUo H$arc. `mMo AmnUmg Z_H$ma.
Amn`m _S>itZm d {M. `moVrcm Am{edmX. H$imdo ho Am{edmX.
Amncm,
lrgMaUaO
{d. J. Omoer.
n[a{e> - 3 / 299
29.
{V - S>m. har^mD$ ^mcM AmR>ò, nmcKa
&& lr &&
VgV &
lrgado Z_: &
_w~w B - 16
{X. 2/11/1966
{M. am. S>m. har^mD$ `mgr lrdm_rH$noMo AZoH$ Cm_ Am{edmX C. {d.
Amncr {XZmH$ 27/10/66 Mr {M>r d `mgmo~V nmR>{dcoco nmgc {_imco.
AmnU C^`Vm gwI$n AmhmV d CnmgZmhr MmJcr Mmccr Amho ho dmMyZ g_mYmZ dmQ>c.o CnmgZm
hmM _w` AmYma òH$ Ord_mmcm Amho. `mM AmYmamda OrdmMo ~ao dmBQ> gd Adc~Zy AgV.o
OJmVrc \$$ EdT>mM ^mJ {OdmMo ~amo~a òV AgVmo. Var C^`VmZr {Z`{_VnUo CnmgZm XaamoO H$amdr.
Amncm YXmhr ~am Mmcy Amho. AmZXmMr Jmo> Amho. YXm hm ~ g_OyZ H$amdm. VoWo XjVoZo
dmJmdo Ago lrg ~m~m Zoh_r gmJV AgV.
Amn`mH$S>o ZdrZ aVm hmoV Amho, Ago AmnU hUmcm hmoVm; `m ~mOycm nwT>o dVrhr hmoBc.
Var `m ~mOycm KamgmR>r d eoVrgmR>r OmJm nmhmdr. `j _mJo gd gm{JVco Amho.
OJmV ggma hQ>cm H$s Vmo EH$Q>mZo hmoV Zmhr. ggma$nr JmS>mMr XmoZ MmHo$ AmhoV, r
d nwf. XmoKmZrhr òH$mMo AmdS>r-{ZdS>rcm WmoS>r\$ma _waS> KmcyZ OwidyZ KoD$Z d EH$_oH$mZr
gmd$Z KoD$Z ggmamV dmJUo O$a Amho. VaM hm eH$Q> Mmcy eH$Vmo. Amncr _S>ir Amn
chmZ d`mMrM Amho. WmoS>r WS> Amho hr Jmo> Iar. naVw dN>Vm, Q>mnQ>rn, g`, {Z>m, _ZmMm
CXmanUm d hidonUm d AmnUm~c {ZVmV AmXa ho d AmUIr nwH$i JwU {V`mV AmhoV. {VMo
Am`w` W_ 4 _mUgmV d Vohr _w~BV Jococo Amho. VoWo {Vcm EH$Q>o EH$Q>o dmQ>Uo AJXr gmhOrH$
Amho. Var {V`m >rZohr d g`m`m g_mOm`m >rZohr d gwa{jVVo`m >rZohr AmnU Oam
~`mnH$s eoOma Agoc Aer OmJm {~hmS>mcm ~KUo O$a d Amd`H$. npZ hUOo h_mc dm JS>r
Zho. Vr Jhc_r d Jhg_mkr Amho. {Vcm Oa nXmonXr Xw:ImnX d AdhocZoMr dmJUyH$ {_imcr
Va Jh ho Jh Z amhVm Vo H$mVma hmoBc `mMr OmUrd R>odm. npZ hr gIr, {_ Amho. gMrd Amho. Vr
EH$ Mmaq^VtMo AmV H$S>H$ nmhm`mV R>odcocr H$Xr Zho hohr m_w`mZo cjmV òUo Amd`H$ Amho.
Vr ^moir d o_i Amho. `m gdmMm gyknUo {dH$mg KS>dyZ AmUUo Ho$di Vw_`mM hmVmV Amho.
H$_cnwn Cm_ nm`mV MmJco {dH${gV hmoVo d `m`mnmgyZ gdmZm Cm_ gwdmg m hmoVmo. _m Vo
Oa OrdZmnmgyZ doJio H$$Z ewH$ Am{U H$moaS>m Aem Hw$~Q> {R>H$mUr R>odco Va Vo _aJiyZ OmD$Z
`mMm nmMmoimM hmoVmo. EH$X_ AmVyZ \w$aU Pmco d hm _OHy$a {c{hcm Jocm Amho. `mV ltMm H$m`
Coe Vmo AmnUM OmUyZ `mdm. `mnojm _cm OmV _mhrV Zmhr dm _wm_ {c{hcoco Zmhr.
300 && MV`gy` &&
p`mZm ngm, _mZ, ~S>O

o md `mnojm nVrMm o_i eX d ghdmg `mMrM OmV qH$_V AgVo d
`mMrM `m O_â Amem H$arV AgVmV d Vo Oa Zgoc Va Ord Zgco`m ~mhcrcm Xm{J`mZr d
Cm_mom_ H$nS>mZr Iyn ZQ>dmdo Ver AdWm `mMr hmoV AgVo. lrg ~m~mZr _m`mH$Sy>Z Ago H$m
{ch{dco Vo AmnUM nhm. _cm Vwhr XmoKho r gmaIrM AmhmV qH$~hZm Amn`m_wio Amn`m _S>itMr
AmoiI Pmcr. AmnU W_ Var ltZm gmOoc d emo^c
o `m_mUo `m`m gwZc
o m gm^mim d AmZXr
AmZX H$$Z lrgV VwH$mam_ _hmamO `mMm nwT>rc A^JmMm MaU AZw^dmV AmUm.
AdKmMr ggma gwImMm H$arZ & AmZXo ârZ Vrhr cmoH$ &&
Vwhmcm Ka, eoVr, JmB, her, OZmdao nmiUo Amho. nw`{V`m, O``m, Cgd, {nVamoma,
lm nj H$aUo Amho. òH$ Jmo>rV `dpWV d XjVmnydH$ dmJUo hm lrg ~rS>H$a _hmamOm`m
gmXm`mMm _w` XS>H$ Amho. Iyn ngm {_i{dUo d AmZXmV gVH$m`v IM H$aUo Amho.
OmV gd ôQ>r AVr. lr.ImS>oH$a d `mMr _S>ir jo_ AmhoV. {M.am.am_^mD$ jo_. lr_Vr
Am$mH$S>rc gd jo_ AmhoV. Amn`m _S>itZm CnmgZm H$a`mg gmJUo. ngm {H$Vr {_imd`mMm,
{dm {H$Vr, r H$er {_imd`mMr (nZrcm nVr d nVrcm nZr) ho gd nyd Xm_mUo AgVo. Vo
gd lrg ~m~m Amn`m maYmZwgma KS>{dVrc `mMr Imr R>odm. _m T> {Z>mnydH$ {Z`{_VnUo
CnmgZm Z MwH$Vm H$am. "n{V XodmMr ccZmZm' ho `mZmV `m d AmZXmZo ggma H$$Z Y` hm.
`mZm Am{edmX gmJUo. VgoM `mo` Vr AmfYohr `mZm XoUo.
_r {XZmH$ 5/11/1966 cm nw`mg OmBc. H$mcM {M.am.am_^mD$Mo n Joco Amh.o H$imdo. ltMr
AmnUmda gnUy n Uo H$nm Amho `mMr Imr ~miJm (C^`Vmda). AmZXmV ahm d AmZXr AmZX H$am.
H$imdo ho Am{edmX
Amncm,
lrgMaUaO
{d. J. Omoer.
30.
&& lr &&
VgV &
lrgado Z_: &
nwUo - 16
{X. 26/6/1968
{M. am. h[a^mD$ `mgr lrdm_rH$noMo AZoH$mom_ Am{edmX Cnar {deof.

Amnco n {_iyZ _OHy$a g_Ocm. Amncr C^`VmMr CnmgZm `dpWVnUo Mmcy Amho ho
n[a{e> - 3 / 301
dmMyZ g_mYmZ dmQ>co. Ordmcm _w` AmYma CnmgZoMmM AgVmo. Ord Wyc earamZo OJmV Ago
Vmon`V `mcm AZoH$ $nmZo gJ{Vgmo~VrgmR>r Xwgao Ord AgVmV. naVw {OdmMm O__`w$nr dmg
gnon`V `mcm AV`m_rMm AZV hm EH$_od gmJmVr {ZaVa AmhoM Amho. `mMr H$YrM VmQ>mVyQ> hmoV
ZgVo. {Za{Zam`m O_mVrc gmJmVr gmo~Vr ~XcVmV. nU hm AVaJrMm O__`y {ZdmaH$ gmo~Vr
{MaVZ Agm EH$M EH$ Amho. _r Ord ZgyZ Vmo na_m_mM _r Amho. `m AIS> qMVZmZo `m
na_m`mMr ôQ> KoUo d OrdXem Q>mHy$Z, `m`mer gm_a`mZo A{^do EH$ nmdUo hoM ZaXohmV
Amco`m OrdmMo W_ d Iao H$V` Amho. AmnUmcm lrg ~m~mMo `j XohmZo XeZ Pmcoco
Amho d `mZr Amn`mcm Am{edmXhr {Xcoco AmhoV. Vw_Mo H$`mU AH$`mU {hVm{hV nmhm`mg
VoM EH$ nyU g_W AmhoV. Vw_Mo C^`VmMo Bhna na_ H$`mU hmdo hUyZ ltMo MaUr _Zmo^mdo
mWZm Ho$cr Amho.
gXm_wIr `mdo JwZm_ EH$ & {Z`m{Z` {ddoH$ H$amo{Z`m
{ddoH$ {dMma| Mcm ^{$nWo & {Z`{M EH$mVo `mZ gmYm
` {dMmamMr _` gYr gmYm & VoUo MwH$o ~mYm ^dmMr Vr
^dmZr eH$am Cnmgmdo {Z` & _mZm EH$ g` Am_m OJr
g MaUr hmdo {Z` crZ & AZ` eaU hmodmo{Z`m
mgmoN>dmgr EH$ _amdm g & VoUo namn$ ôQ>r hmo`
Xmg hUo g XodmMmhr Xod & Eogm hmdm ^md ^{$`w$
&& 1 &&
&& 2 &&
&& 3 &&
&& 4 &&
&& 5 &&
&& 6 &&
&& 7 &&
Amn`m _S>irMr _ZpWVr AmVm MmJcr Amho d {VMr CnmgZmhr `dpWV hmoVo, ho {Vcm
^yfUmdh Amho. VyV ~Xcr nmdgm`mnwaVr a Pm`mMm hHy$_ Am`mZVa H$i{dU|o. `m _`Var`m
H$mimV dV YmMo >rZo gmo`rH$a d MmJ`m cmoH$dVr`m OmJm nmhZ R>odUo. _ZmoaOdi
{dH$V KoVcocr OmJm Amn`m Zmdmda H$$Z KoUo d MmJcr qH$_V Am`mg {dHy$Z Q>mH$Uo. _r AmO
_w~Bg OmV Amho. {XZmH$ 7 AJa 8 cm òWo naV òBZ. Amn`m _S>irg Am{edmX. lr. ~mimgmho~
d lr. dPo `mMo AmnUmg Z_H$ma.
H$imdo ho Am{edmX.
Amncm,
lrg MaUaO
{d. J. Omoer.
302 && MV`gy` &&
31.
{V - lr. h[a ZmamÙ Vm~o (Vm~o _mVa), gmdS>}
&& lr &&
VgV &
lrgado Z_: &
nwUo - 16
{X. 7/2/1964
{M. am. h[a^mD$ `mgr lrdm_rH$noMo AZoH$mom_ Am{edmX, Cnar {deof.

Amnco {XZmH$ 5/2 Mo n {_iyZ _OHy$a g_Ocm.
1) O_rZ ~m~rV `Z H$aUo Amnco H$V`. Anrc H$amdo.
2) ~{hUrMo c `XmMo df W{JV R>odmdo.
3) ~{hUrMo c hmoBVmon`V d Amnco Q>oqZJ nwao hmoBVmon`V AmnU dV:Mo cmMo ^mZJS>rV nSy>
Zò. erc gm^miyZ dmJmdo.
4) ^mdm`m ZmoH$ar~m~V `Z Mmcy R>odmdo. ZmoH$ar cmJoc. A`Wm `mcm Kar ~mocmdyZ
Amn`m_mUo emim_mVamMr ZmoH$ar cmdmdr. _m [aH$m_m R>ody Zò.
5) g`m`m n[apWVrZwgma AmnUmcm O_oc VodT>r _mZ{gH$ CnmgZm H$amdr. MwH$m hmoVmV
`mMr OmUrd _Zmcm Pmcr d hmoV Mmccr hUOo AmnU {dMmaerc ~ZV AmhmoV ho g_Omdo.
e`Vmo `m` Zr{VY_mZo dmJyZ gmYr amhUr d Amn`m Amdm`mV Agoc VodT>r C {dMmagaUr
R>odUo Cm_.
e`VoZwgma Amn`m noemcm Amd`H$ VgoM gX>JWmMo d gVM[amMo dmMZ R>odmdo. H$Vr
{ZH$mon amIUo A`V O$a.
gdm`m X`mV amhUmam Omo AmZXKZ na_oa Amho, `mMo XeZ KoUo ho ZaXohmVrc ò`
Agmdo. H$_`moJ AmMaVmZm e`Vmo AZmg{$ d {ZH$m_Vm ~mUmdr. WmoS>`mV _r H$moU ho emoYyZ
`mMr ôQ> KoUo hoM ZaXohmMo gdm}m_ gmWH$. H$V` nmcZmg MwHy$ Zò. g`mMr H$mg gmoSy> Zò d
ò`{Z> Agmdo.
H$imdo ho Am{edmX.
Amncm,
lrgMaUaO
{d. J. Omoer.
n[a{e> - 3 / 303
32.
{V - lr. AUmamd D$\$ O. H$. AmR>dco, {dconmc}
&& lr &&
VgV &
lrgado Z_: &
nwUo - 16
{X. 20/7/1965
lr.am.am.AmR>dco `mgr go_ Z_H$ma {d.{d.

Amnco 18/7/65 Mo n {_iyZ _OHy$a g_Ocm. dmMyZ AmZX dmQ>cm. AmBMr H$nm `mModa
hmoVo `mcm gXd AIS> AmZXM AgVmo d `mMo OrdZ Y` hmoV AgVo. Amncr AmBMr CnmgZm
Aer Mmcdm. _mVm g hmoVmM Y`Vm cmôc. ^{$, ew^md hoM _w` Amho. _mOarMr {nc|
S>moio Z CKS>VmM ZwgVo `md `md AmoaS>VmV naVw Vr `mMr AmB _mOar Vmo AmdmO H$mZr nS>VmM
YmdV `mMoOdi òVo Am{U `mZm V` XoD$Z `mMr Vr H$aVo d `mZm gm^miVo `m_mUo hmdo.
_r chmZ Amho. _cm gm^mim. lrg`m Xmar Hw$`m_mUo, PmSy>dmcm, nm_a Amho. `mMrM
BN>m hUyZ mg AmV OmVmo, ~mhoa òVmo. Vo Y`. `mMo H$noZo Amnco H$`mU hmodmo Aer `mMo
MaUr mWZm Ho$cr Amho.
AZ`do gmYm {Z` _mV^{$ & VoUM
o r {d^{$ VwQ>c
o Jm
OZr dZr {Xgmo EH$ OJX~m & e{$ Or d`^m BamMr
AVaJr KS>mo {Z` {VMo `mZ & hmodmo _Z crZ {Z` VoWo
VrZhr XohmMm nS>mo Xo {dga & Vw`}Mo Vo ma CKS>mo AmVm
d{m AV_wI hmodmo{Z`m amhmo & D$dnWo Omdmo OJ_mVm

gH$c MH$mMo \w$Q>moZr nXa & CKS>mo Xe_ma {VMo H$no
{Odm-{edm nS>mo EHo$ R>m`r JmR>r & _mBH$mMr JmoR>r cmonmo{Z`m
Xmg hUo _mVm hmodmoZr g & Xodmo XeZ VwhmcmJr
&& 1 &&
&& 2 &&
&& 3 &&
&& 4 &&
&& 5 &&
&& 6 &&
&& 7 &&
&& 8 &&
AZ` ^mdo lrMaUr mWZm Ho$cr Amho. gmo~V ltMm AJmam d gmX OmV Amho.
Amncm,
lrgMaUaO
{d. J. Omoer.
304 && MV`gy` &&
33.
{V - gm. H$_cm~mB nmH$a eodS>o, ~S>moXo
&& lr &&
VgV &
lrgado Z_: &
nwUo - 16
{X. 11/8/1970
gm. H$_cm~mB `mgr lrdm_rH$noMo AZoH$mom_ Am{edmX, Cnar {deof.

Amnco {XZmH$ 31/7/70 Mo n {_iyZ _OHy$a g_Ocm. ~mhoaMo \$moQ>mo ho ZmgVmV, \w$Q>VmV.
AV:H$aUmV Omo \$moQ>mo H$m`_ AgVmo Vmo H$Yr ZmgV \w$Q>V Zmhr. AV:H$aUmV \$moQ>mo T> hmdm `mgmR>r
~m \$moQ>m|Mr nyOmAMm H$amdr cmJVo. Var Vr nyOm AMm _Zmo^mdo H$amdr.
EH$m ew ^md ^$sMr mr Pmcr hUOo Vmo Ord {Zamim amhM eH$V Zmhr. KamVrc gdmMr
e$sZwgma godm H$aUo hr gwm BamMr godmM Amho. AmnU godH$ m ^mdZoZo gd Jmo>r Ho$`m d
gd na_oa âcm Amho `m ^mdZoZo gd H$m_ Ho$co Va H$m`m, dmMm, _ZmZo hmoUmao òH$ H$_ hr
BamMr godmM Amho. \$$ _r H$Vm hm A{^_mZ Y[aVm H$m_m Zò. dmgZm H$_r H$arV Agmdo. dmT>dy
ZòV. `mZo O_ KoUo H$_r hmoVo. O_ _`yMm Ioi H$_r hmoVmo.
ew ^$s \$ma AmdS>o Xodmgr & VoUo Vmof `mgr hmoV Ago
Anojma{hV H$amdo _aU & VoUo _Z OmU Wra hmo`
^mdo \$io Xod ^mdo \$io ^$s & CnOo ew rVr gmYZoV
AIS> qMVZo _Zmo_i OmVr & {Mmmdar emVr òdmo{Z`m
Xod Ago EH$ ^mdmMm ^wH$o cm & gm^mir ^$mcm XoVm ^md
&& 1 &&
&& 2 &&
&& 3 &&
&& 4 &&
&& 5 &&
Amn`m KamVrc gdmg Am{edmX

_wcmH$Sy>Z `dpWV nmR>mVa H$adyZ `mdo. lrg ~m~mMr nw`{VWr lmdU d&& 4 Jwdma,
{XZmH$ 20/8/70 amoOr Amho. AmnU VoWo _aU H$amdo d AmaVr H$amdr.
H$imdo ho Am{edmX.
Amncm,
lrgMaUaO
{d. J. Omoer.
n[a{e> - 3 / 305
34.
{V - Hw$. eHw$Vcm JOmZZ eodS>o, ~S>moXo
&& lr &&
VgV &
lrgado Z_: &
nwUo - 16
{X. 15/8/1970
Hw$_mar {M. eHw$Vcm eodS>o `mgr lrdm_rH$noMo AZoH$mom_ Am{edmX. Cnar {deof Amnco 13/8/70 Mo a{OQ>a n d `mgmo~V nmR>{dco`m 12 am`m {_im`m. ~{hUrZo
^mdmcm amIr nmR>dmd`Mr AgVo `m_mUo AmnUmH$Sy>Z Amhm gdmZm am`m Am`m, AmZX Amho.
`m nmgmo~V Amn`m ~YwH$[aVm ltMm gmX hUyZ XmoZ am`m OmV AmhoV. `m Amn`m ~YyZm
XoUo.
Vrd ^mdZoZo Am[U ew ^$s^mdmZo BamMo Zm__aU gmV`mZo Ho$`mg Hw$gH$ma d Hw$dmgZm
hiw hiw Zm{hem hmoVmV d _Z Am{U {Mm pWa hmoD$Z ew hmoV AgVo. Agm nwH$imMm AZw^d
Amho d gVhr gmJVmV.
Amncr _. Am. 11 n`mMr, \$$ `mdoir drH$marZ. nU nwT>o dmadma _.Am.nmR>dy ZòV.
AmnU ZwH$`mM ZmoH$arcm cmJ`m AmhmV. Amn`m EH$mH$s ^mdr OrdZmMm {dMma H$aVm
nwT>rc H$mimMr VaVyX hUyZ Amn`m OrdZmcm cmJUmam _m{gH$ IM d AmfY nm`mMm IM dOm
H$$Z, AmnU dV: H$mQ>H$garZo amhZ Xa_hm ~Ho$V {OVHo$ OmV ngo {eH$ Q>mH$Vm òVrc, {VVHo$
Q>mH$mdoV Ago _cm dmQ>Vo. `mda AmnU {dMma H$amdm d Amn`m _mVmolr Am{U ~Yy `mMmhr {dMma
`mdm d AmnUmg `mo` dmQ>oc Vo H$amdo Ago _cm dmQ>Vo.
gdm_H$ Bamcm {dmVrc `M`mdV OrdmMo _aU d AmR>dU AgVo. Vmo Hw$Umcm H$YrM
{dgaV Zmhr. Ord _m Zm{edV Aem AZoH$ gwIm`m d {df`m`m _mJo cmJyZ {Z`, gwI$n d
g{XmZXKZ Agco`m `m AV`m_r`m Am_Xodmcm {dgaVmV Am{U hUyZ Kg$Z, dmgZm
dmT>dyZ Xw:I_` Aem O_ _`y`m \o$`m _marV AgVmV.
Òmdr dmgZm gmS>mdm gH$n & Zgmdm Vmo On AhVM
o m
AhVM
o m `mJ H$[aVmM Ordm & {Xgo Am_{Xdm AVamV
AVamV `moVr dcrV hmo` & VoUo cmô gmo` _w{$nWr
VwQ>o OrdJW r, ZmgVmo gXho (VwQ>o Vmo gXho )& OS>Vm{M Zoh Am_mam_r
Xmg hUo Am_-aJr hmdo XJ & VoUo nmdo ^J ggm$ hm
"lt'Mm \$moQ>mo d nwVH$ a{OQ>a nmgcZo _Jidmar AmnUmH$S>o OmBc.
306 && MV`gy` &&
&& 1 &&
&& 2 &&
&& 3 &&
&& 4 &&
&& 5 &&
H$Vrcm Onmdo. ZrQ> AmfYnmUr `mdo. mJm H$$ Zò. n` gm^mimdo. m`mZo OrdZmMr hmZr
hmoV AgVo. Amnco _mVmoltZm d ~YyZm Z_H$ma.
`mnwT>o Xa_hm EH$ doi Vw_`m Zmdo AJmam, gmX OmV OmBc.
H$imdo ho Am{edmX.
Amncm,
lrgMaUaO
{d. J. Omoer.
35.
{V - lr. g. O. g|{OV, _w~B
&& lr &&
VV gV &
lrgado Z_: &
nwUo - 16
{X. 1/4/1975
lr. am. am. g|{OV `mgr lrdm_rH$noMo AZoH$mom_ AmerdmX. Cnar {deofAmnco n {_iyZ _OHy$a g_Ocm. 1) chmZnUmnmgyZ Vw_Mr lrdm_r g_Wmda lm hmoVr d
Amho hr Jmo> \$ma MmJcr. 2) ZVa ~mioHw$r òWo lrnV ~mioHw$rH$a `m`m gmXm`mVrc AdYyV
gmXm`mMr Xrjm Vwhmcm lr.^mD$gmho~ _hmamO `mMoH$Sy>Z {_imcr. R>rH$ Amho. gmXm{`H$ Jw
Jmo>r AmnU {c{h`m Amh|oV `m~m~VrV _cm H$mhr H$V` Zmhr. 3) Zm__aU d ÔZ `mV OmV
dma` dmT>dmdo. 4) Or nwVHo$ XddemV AmnUmcm {_imcocr AmhoV `mMo dmMZ d _ZZ {ZXmZ
EH$ df Var hmoD Xo. VgoM, ""lrdm_rg_Wm` Z_:'' `m Zm__mMm Vwhr XmoKmZr {_iyZ òH$r EH$
hOma Var On dmQ>`mg H$amdm. XaamoO C^`VmZr H$amdm. d ew ^mfm d ^$sZo X`W lrdm_r
g_WmZm eaU OmD$Z gnyU eaUmJVr nH$amdr.
`mo _$: g _o {`: & Ago lr^JdVmMo dMZ lr_JdrVo`m 12`m A`m`mV Amho. `mMo
_ZZ H$amdo d Vgo hmo`mMm `Z H$amdm. g`mgmMr AOwZ hm ^JdVmMm AmR>`m nmàrdarc
g` ^$sMm ^$ hmoVm. ho cjmV R>odmdo.
X`rMm dm_r nhm jUmojUr & AZ` hmodmoZr crZ nm`r
AhVm Òmo{Z, Omdo `m eaU & H$nZm gmS>mZo , g`^mdo
VZ, _Z, YZ Anmd| dm_rgr & Xm` gddg
o r H$am {Z`
dm_rZm_ dXm {Z` Mmar dmUr & dm_rMo _ZZr hmdo _
n[a{e> - 3 / 307
&& 1 &&
&& 2 &&
&& 3 &&
&& 4 &&
EH$mVr ~gmoZr S>moim dm_r `mdm & `mg Vmo{M `mdm {ZaVa
{Mm dm_r$nr Q>mH$m {_gimoZ & _rnUm Q>mH$moZ H$am ^$s
_ZmMo C_Z gmYm jUmojUr & dm_r JwUJmZr aJmo{Z`m
dm_r H$Wm ldU H$am gdH$mi & VoUo _m`m Ioi Cao{MZm
Xmg hUo dm_r AVar ~mhoar & gH$c MamMar nhm {Z`
&& 5 &&
&& 6 &&
&& 7 &&
&& 8 &&
&& 9 &&
gdmg `Wm`mo` Z_H$ma d Am{edmX. H$imdo ho Am{edmX.

Amncm,
lrgMaUaO
{d. J. Omoer
36.
{V - lr. ~iram_ amOo{eH}$, gmdS>}
&& lr &&
VgV &
lrgado Z_: &
nwUo - 16
{X. 25/6/1975
{M. am. ~iram_ `mgr dm_rH$noMo AZoH$mom_ Am{edmX Cnar {deof _wm_ n {c{h`mg H$maU H$s, _r òVmZm Vwhmcm ~OmD$Z Amcmo hmoVmo H$s, Vwhmcm Oa lrgV
grVmam_~wdmMo WmZmV godogmR>r amhmd`mMo Agoc d `m godoMr Oa Vwhmcm Oar Agoc Va
Vwhmcm _r VooWo gm{JVco`m {Z`_m_mUo dmJmdo cmJoc.
(1) Vwhmcm _{h`mVyZ 10-10 {XdgmZr Ago VrZ doim Vw_`m Kar g`mH$mir Kar OmD$Z
Xwg`m {Xder gH$mir 7&& dmOVm naV `md`mMo `m_mUo OmVm òVm òBc; d Vo gwm VoWrc
WmZmV H$mhr AS>MUr ZmhrV AJa H$mhr OarMr H$m_o ZmhrV Ago ~KyZ Omd`mMo.
(2) VoWrc gJ`m eoVr`m d BVa H$m_mda ~marH$ ZOaoZo AmnconUmZo XoIaoI H$amd`mMr.
(3) VoWrc H$m_mdarc H$moU`mhr _mUgmcm gm_rc Z hmoVm, H$moUr Mmoar_mar H$arV Agoc AJa
gWoMo AZ{hV H$$ nmhmV Agoc d H$mhr JadVZ H$arV Agoc Va Vm~S>Vmo~ Vr Jmo> VoWrc _ZoOa
lr.ZmQ>oH$a_m_m d lr.{^S>oH$mH$m `m`m ZOaog AmUyZ md`mMr. ho gd H$arV AgVmZm Hw$UmMrhr
^rS>-_wdV R>odmd`mMr Zmhr.
(4) VoWrc gd H$m_o doi`mdoir hmdrV `mgmR>r lr.ZmQ>oH$a_m_m `mZm _`mXoZo gwMdmd`mMo.
naVw `mMonmer ^mS>UVQ>m AJa d_Z` H$amd`mMo Zmhr. AJa H$moUmcmhr Xwmao ~mocmd`mMr
ZmhrV.
308 && MV`gy` &&
(5) gd H$m_o Ho$di Vw_`m AJa JS>m`m _Zmcm dmQ>oc `m_mUo A>mhmgmZo d _ZmZo
H$amd`mMr ZmhrV. Vwhr d JS>mZr lr. _m_mZm gwMdyZ `m`m d Vw_`m {dMmamZo gd H$m_o
H$amd`mMr.
(6) H$moU`mhr n[apWVrV lr._m_mZr AJa ^mD$Zr gm{JVcocr Amkm _moSy>Z Amn`m dV:`mM
_VmZo CcQ> {ZU` KoD$Z CcQ>o H$m_ H$amd`mMo Zmhr. `m`m `moJmZo ^mS>U| d VQ>o dmT>VmV d d_Z`
{Z_mU hmoVo.
(7) VoWo amhUm`m KamVrc Vwhr gdmZr d JS>mZr EH$mo`mZo amhmUo O$a. gdmZm EH$OyQ>
{Xgcr nm{hOo. d$eranUm, gMmoQ>r, ZrVrZo dmJUo, g` ~mocUo, gdmOdi o_mZo dmJUo d
Ioir_oirMo dmVmdaU R>odUo `mZoM _Zw`mcm g_mYmZ cm^Vo.
(8) gdmV _wI hUOo ew AmMma, ew {dMma d ew CMma d XaamoO {Z`_mZo Z MwH$Vm
Amncr BamMr CnmgZm H$aU,o `mZoM
_Zw` O_mMo gmWH$ hmoBc
.
da {c{hco`m Jmo>t_mUo AmnU dmJV Zmhr Ago _cm {XgVo. hUyZ Vwhmcm hr eodQ>Mr gyMZm
{Xcr Amho. da {c{hco`m gyMZm_mUo Vwhr dmJcmV VaM Vwhmcm VoWo amhVm òBc. A`Wm
Vwhmcm Vo WmZ gmoS>mdo cmJoc. Vw_`mer _mPm amJ AJa of Zmhr. nU g` Jmo>r o_mZo {chmd`mg
cmJ`m `mcm BcmO Zmhr. Vwhmcm na_oa gX>~wr Xodmo.
Vw_MoH$S>rc gdmg Am{edmX.
H$imdo ho Am{edmX.
Amncm,
lrgMaUaO
{d. J. Omoer.
37.
{V - lr. dmgwXod A_V D$\$ ~mimgmho~ nmZdiH$a, nwUo
&& lr &&
VgV &
lrgado Z_: &
Vmc_H$s dmS>r, _w~ B -7

{XZmH$ 23/1/1965
{M. am. ~mimgmho~ `mgr lrdm_rH$noMo AZoH$ Cm_ Am{edmX Cnar {deof.
Amnco 18/1 d 22/1 Mo Aer Xmohr no {_iyZ _OHy$a g_Ocm.
lr. cmJy `mMoH$Sy>Z AmnU gm{JV`m_mUo gd Jmo>r H$adyZ KoV`m d gm_mZ AmUyZ R>odco ho
n[a{e> - 3 / 309
dmMyZ g_mYmZ dmQ>co. `mMohr _cm n Amco Amho.

lr. hmoZdmS> `mZr Ho$cocr H$m_o g_Ocr. `mZr AmUco`m H$mnrO ZrQ> OnyZ R>odUo d `mZr
`m Bg_mg Oo H$mhr md`mg gm{JVco Amho Vo XoUo d nmohmoMco AJa Zmht Vo nhmUo. gH$>r MVwWu
R>rH$ Pmcr. AmZX dmQ>cm. JWmc`m~cMr `dWm g_Ocr. lr. Iao `mZm n {c{hV Amho d
lr. cmJy `mZmhr n {chrV Amho. H$mnya _r òVmZm AmUrZ. lrh[adaXmdmMZ gn`mZVa ZdrZ
dmMZ gw$ H$$ Zò.
~mH$s gd gm{JV`m_mUo _r òBn`V Mmcy Agmdo. _mPo nmMo ~m~VrV d ZdOrdZ _m{gH$mMo
~m~VrV nw`mg H$moUrVar Xw> dmrMm _Zw` Ioi H$arV Amho. `mda cj R>odUo O$a Amho. AmO
amoOr {edmOrZJa, nwUo Z.16 `m nmoQ> Am{\$g_Yrc nmoQ>_mVa lr. Hw$cH$Uu `mZm `m~c n
nmR>drV Amho. AmnUhr OmD$Z Vnmg H$amdm.
gdH$mi d$nmMo qMVZ & _Zm_mOr hmdo _ZZ &
{ZO`mgo gmYH$m OmU & gmjmH$ma KS>Vgo
&& 1 &&
{ZO h{UOo Am_m & X`r ~gcm na_m_m &
A{cVdo qM{VVm & {ZOYm_m _mOr ôQ>o
&& 2 &&
gdH$mi Zm__aU & _aUmMo KS>mdo qMVZ &
qM{VVm KS>mdo AIS> `mZ & VoUo g_m{Y {g hmo`
&& 3 &&
~wrgr cmJcr Am{Y Am{U `m{Y & VoUM
o r OS>cr O__aU Cnm{Y &
hUmo{Z d{mVmXm` Z gmYr & H$dUo jUr
&& 4 &&
Am{Y`mYrMo hmd`m {ZagZ & AIS> KS>mdo Zm__aU &
VoUo d{m pWamdmoZ & d$nr {_io
&& 5 &&
$nmMm AIS> N>X cmJVm & Xoh~wr _mdio VdVm &
dmZXmZw^{y V òdmo{Z hmVm & g_mYmZ cmô
&& 6 &&
gH$imR>m`r ^md Agmdm & ^md Vmo{M Xod OmUmdm &
^mdmMm Am^md hmoVm Ordm & O__`w MwH$o Zm
&& 7 &&
g Vmo {ZOX`r Am_m & Vò R>m`r Hw$^mdZm Z ò H$m_m &
Hw$^mdZm hmoVm O_mo{Z OmB [aH$m_m & _`wnWo
&& 8 &&
Zd{dYm ^$sMm gmonmZ & MT>md`m{g H$amdm nm$f `Z &
Amnwcr nmàr AmoiImoZ & gmonmZ {eIa cjmdo
&& 9 &&
lm^$sMo {Z>oV & $nmVa hmdo g` g` &
{Z>m S>i_{iVm gX>Jw ~moY & {MmmVy{Z hmano
&& 10 &&
310 && MV`gy` &&
mU Omdmo AWdm amhmo & gX>JwMaUr T> ^mdmo &

òU{o M gmYH$mMm d^mdmo & nmcQ>o {Z{Vr OmUmdm
H$V}nU Xodmo{Z Jw$gr & AmnU godH$d `mdo AmnUmnmer &
godH$do cmJVm VMaUmgr & ghOo na_mW gmYVmo
&& 11 &&
&& 12 &&
lrg ~m~mMo MaUr Z_H$ma. Amnco d lr. ^mJdV `mMo KamVrc gdmg Am{edmX. {M.
dPo, lr. _moKo, lr. nagw^mD$, {M. Jmonmi, Xmm, _m_m d gm. c_r~mB, nmoH$io d AXmdS>o,
em`m d JwZmW `mg Am{edmX. lr. Vm`mgmho~, lr. ZmamÙamd `mg Am{edmX. gd ^yXodmg
Z_H$ma. lr. nmSw>aJamd `mMr d `m`m _S>itMr H$Vr R>rH$ AgyZ `mMo AmnUmg Z_H$ma. lr.
hmoZdmS> `mg Z_H$ma.
H$imdo ho Am{edmX
{X. 25.1.1965 nmgyZ lr. am. Ama. ~r. _mnya
Amncm,
`mMo Zmdo amoO AJmam-gmX nmR>dyZ XoUo.
lrgMaUaO
{H$Vr {Xdg, Vo _r Am`mda gmJoZ.
{d. J. Omoer.
38.
{V - lr. amdVo H$mH$m d lr. dgVamd dmcmdcH$a, S>oadU
&& lr &&
VgV &
lrgdo Z_: &
nwUo - 16
{X. 4/12/1969
lr. am. amdVoH$mH$m d lr. am. dgVamd dmcmdcH$a `mgr

g. Z. {d. {d.
Amnco 24/11/69 Mo n d `mgmo~V nmR>{dcocm {heo~mMm V$m d Vm.30/11/69 Mo n
d `mgmo~V nmR>{dcoco {heo~mMo Q>oQ>_|Q> Z.4 d VmVmo~m amOo{eH}$ `m`m nmdVrMr nmR>{dcocr
Z$c lr. _mo{haoeoQ> `m`m XoUo nemMm {heo~ {_iyZ _OHy$a g_Ocm.
(1) lr. _mo{haoeoQ> `mMm {heo~ nwT>rc _{h`mV {Xcm Var Mmcoc. {S>g|~a AIoa {heo~ Xo`mg
haH$V Zmhr. _w~BhZ H$mhr ngo KoD$Z ~hVoH$ `m _{h`mAIoa _Zw` {VH$S>o OmBc, `mZVa _mo{haoeoQ>
`mMm {heo~ mdm.
(2) OZr ^mJUrH$S>rc KoVco`m dmQ>o`m darc eoVmMo (OoWo AmnU Jmodar KmcVmo Vo) `mMo
~mY KmcyZ nwao Pmco AJa Zmhr.
n[a{e> - 3 / 311
(3) dm`m, {_a`m cmdyZ Pm`m ho g_Oco. `mV H$qcJS>mMr Air KmcUo d dmcnmnS>r
_wim dJao R>>moH$Uo.
(4) H$nmS>mVrc {d{har`m nm`mda ^|S>o, Jdma, dmJr, nmco^m`m dJao H$aUo. H$nmS>mVrc
~mJocm d H$c_mZm XaamoO nmUr Mmcy Amho AJa Zmhr.
(5) ~mJoVrc eoVmcm ~mY Kmcmd`mg gwdmV Ho$cr ho g_Oco. \$maM YmXc Ho$crV, Agmo.
AmVm ZrQ> nwao H$$Z KoUo. H$maU Vo eoV ZXrMo ~mOyda Amho d ZXr`m ~mOyMm ~mY ~mho$Z {g_|Q>
dmn$Z Kmcmdm cmJoc. Var AmnU H$m` `moOZm Ho$cr Vo H$i{dUo. _r {XZmH$ 10/12/69 amoOr
_w~Bg OmUma Amho. Var 9/12/69 n`V nmoMoc Ago n Am`mg nw`mMo n`mda nmR>dUo d
9/12 ZVa nmoMoc Ago n Am`mg _w~Bg ^mÌ`mMo n`mda nmR>{dUo.
(6) gwVmamMo H$m_m~c g_Oco. èdV _orMo H$m_ nwao Pm`mZVa `mcm aOm XoUo, _m nwT>o
_mJerf _{h`mMo AIoarg nwT>rc H$m_mMr _mS>Ur hmoUma Amho. `mdoir Vy _moH$im Agcm nm{hOog
Ago `mcm ~OmdyZ R>odUo.
(7) Vm`mgmho~ VmZmOr amOo{eH}$ `mZm AmnU 3 AmR>dS>mMr _wXV {Xcr Amho. Var
3 AmR>dS>o hmoVmM `m`mH$Sy>Z amoI ngo `mdoV AJa ngo Z {X`mg Ym|S>~mamd `m`m _`WrZo
25 nò _U `m XamZo `m`mH$Sy>Z 4 _U ^mV KoD$Z Amn`m _mUgmH$Sy>Z MmJco AmISy>Z nmISy>Z
`mdo. eoam m_ogar ZmoQ>oda _mamd`mMm AgVmo. Agmo.
(8) nmD$g nS>md`mMm Wm~`mZVa ^mVmMr CS>dr PmoS>dyZ KoUo d gwdmVrnmgyZ AmVmn`V
EH$Xa ^mV {H$Vr Pmco, `mVrc H$moUH$moU`m H$maMo ^mV H$goH$go Pmco, `mVrc {~`m`mcm
{H$Vr R>odco d Cacoco ^mV {H$Vr `m gd Jmo>r Vnercdma Zm|XdyZ KoUo d O_oc `m_mUo _cm
H$i{dU.o _r _mJerf _{h`mMo AIoarg 4-2 {Xdg {VH$S>o òD$Z OmBZ Ago hUV Amho. Vo _mJmhZ
H$i{dVmo.
(9) lr. _mo{haoeoQ> `mZr lr. \$S>Ho$gmho~ `mZm ôQy>Z nwT>rc H$m_m~c R>a{dco AJa Zmhr.
R>a{dco Zg`mg `m`m nmR>r_mJo cmJyZ Vo gd R>adyZ KoUo d _cm H$i{dUo. lr. _mo{haoeoQ> ho
XoIaoI H$a`mH$aVm EH$ _mUyg R>a{dUma AmhoV. `m~cMo H$m` Pmco ? `m`mH$S>rc Jm` Vo
AmnUmH$S>o AmUyZ ~mYUma hmoVo d Amn`mH$S>rc H$mir Jm` KoD$Z OmUma hmoVo `mMo H$m` Pmco ?
(10) nmdgm`mV AmnU 64 _oS>Ho$ VmoS>dyZ KoVcoco AmhoV. Vo Xadm`mOdi òD$Z nS>co
H$m ? {Za{Zam`m {R>H$mUr _og, _mUJo d H$m|S>o Ago VmoS>dyZ R>odcoco AmhoV. Vo gd KamOdi
AmU`mMr `dWm H$aUo Amho. ~m`m H$mVH$a `mcm gmJyZ _S>nmgmR>r qH$Oir`m _oT>r, _mJo _mn
{Xco Amho. `m _mnmZwgma VmoS>{d`mMr IQ>nQ> H$amdr. hUOo Chm`mV _S>n Kmc`mgmR>r
Cn`moJr nS>Vrc.
312 && MV`gy` &&
(11) AmVm JdV H$mT>`mMm hJm_ _mJerf _{h`mV gw$ hmoBc. Var CXoJmH$S>rc ZdrZ
KoVco`m {R>H$mUmVrc d JwadmH$S>rc KoVco`m {R>H$mUmVrc JdV H$mT>dyZ Ko`mMr `dWm H$aUo.
JdV H$mT>`mg H$m` Xa XoVmV Vo Jo`mdfu`m ~wdm`m {c{hco`m IMm`m MmonS>rV {c{hcoco
Amho. Vo nmhZ d MmH$er H$$Z `m_mUo H$aUo d Xa XoUo d `m_mUo JdV H$mT>dyZ KoUo. ZmhrVa
Mmoarg Om`mMm g^d AgVmo.
(12) AmJ`mVrc h_Uo JdS>r `m`m 3 hmV CM Agco`m \$UgmMo H$m` Pmco Vo _mo{haoeoQ>
`mg {dMmamdo.
(13) ZmZc AmMmar ho H$go H$m` dmJVmV ? OodU dJao `dpWV H$aVmV AJa Zmhr ?
(14) Jm`r {H$Vr XyY XoVmV ? gd OZmdao R>rH$ AmhoV AJa ZmhrV ?
(15) H$mH$mgmho~ `m`m Imc`m eoVm~c Vo Ym|S>~mamd `m`mOdi H$m` ~mocVmV, EH$Xa
H$m` ~mocVmV ? n|T>m EH$Xa {H$Vr Pmcm, grVm\$ir`m gd PmS>mZm, gmoZMm`m`m PmS>mZm d
ZdrZ cmdco`m {MHy$`m H$c_mZm nmUr KmcVm AJa Zmhr, nmUr Kmc`mgmR>r gwJYm KmUoH$a d
gwer amD$V hr XmoZ _mUgo AmhoV AJa ZmhrV, Vr H$er H$m` dmJVmV, XaamoO OmJS>r Jmodar emoYyZ
AmUVmo AJa Zmhr, h[a JS>r H$m` H$aVmo, amoO eoUmMr Jmodar \$moS>`mg gwdmV Ho$cr AJa Zmhr,
g`m ^mOr H$m` Amho, g`m ~m`mH$S>rc EH$Xa {H$Vr JS>r H$m_mda AmhoV, dJao g{dVa _m{hVrMo
n `mdo.
AmnU Amn`m aOoMm AO d gmo~V S>m.Omoer `mMo g{Q>{\$Ho$Q> Amn`m Am{\$gH$S>o nmR>dyZ
{Xco AgocM. {H$Vr {XdgmMm aOoMm AO nmR>{dcm Amho. lrdm_r g_W MaUr, lr {XJ~a~m~mMo
MaUr d lr. grVmam_~wdmMo MaUr _mPo, lr. ~mimgmho~ d lr. dPo `mMo Z_H$ma gmJUo.
lr. ZmZc d {M. {dgy `mg Am{edmX. lr. Ym|S>~mamd, lr. {edam_amd, èdV _or, ~m`m
H$mVH$a, H$m{eam_, Ym|Sy>, JJmam_, am_M d h[a, gm. JJm~mB d ~ma`m `mg Am{edmX.
OmZodmar 1970 `m _{h`mV S>oadU Jmd`m VcmR>mH$S>o d gmdS>} Jmd`m VcmR>mH$S>o Xmohr
JmdmV Amn`m `m O{_Zr AmhoV `m O{_ZtMm XV cmdUo.
gd n[a{MVmg `Wm`mo` Z_H$ma d Am{edmX. H$. ZmamÙeoQ> H$maoH$a `mMr Or O_rZ AmnUmH$S>o
Amho `mMm XV AmnUM cmdUoMm AgVmo, Var `m_mUo OmZodmar _{h`mV Vmo XV cmdUo.
H$imdo ho Am{edmX.
Amncm,
lrgMaUaO
{d. J. Omoer.
n[a{e> - 3 / 313
39.
{V - lr. amdVo H$mH$m d lr. dgVamd dmcmdcH$a, S>oadU
&& lr &&
VgV &
lrgado Z_: &
nwUo - 16
{X. 11/6/1970
lr. am. am. amdVoH$mH$m d dgVamd `mgr,

go_ Z_H$ma {d. {d.
Amnco 4/6/70 Mo n {_iyZ _OHy$a g_Ocm.
(1) AmJ`mVrc \$Ug VmoS>yZ XmoZ VwH$S>o {M$Z R>do coco AmhoV Vo H$gohr H$$Z Q>H$ AJa JmS>rVyZ
{JaUrV AmUco nm{hOoV d `m`m \$`m H$adyZ KoV`m nm{hOoV. ZmhrVa Vo Hw$gyZ \w$H$Q> OmVrc.
(2) {d{harMo H$m_ nyU Pmco AgocM d ~mYmMohr H$m_ nyU Pmco AgocM.
(3) d`m`m {eS>rMohr H$m_ nwao Pmco AgocM.
(4) hmXm`m PmH$UmMo g|Q>atJ AmVm H$mT>Uo O$a d d`m`m {O`mMohr g|Q>atJ 21 {Xdg
hmoVmM H$mT>Uo O$a. JdS>r {_im`mg d nmdgmMr CKmS>r Agoc Vohm d`m`m Imocrda nanoQ>
dmc ~mYyZ KoUo d {ZemUmMo Im~mcm VocmMo XmoZ hmV H$mT>U|. g^m_S>nm`m n`mMo H$m_ nwao Pmco
AgocM. CKmS>r {_iVmM `mZm d$Z S>m~a cmdyZ KoUo d AmV`m ~mOyZo aJmMm hmV cmdyZ KoUo.
ZXr`m H$S>o`m ~mYmMo ~mOyZo XJS>mMr MondUr nwar Pmcr AgocM.
(5) {edmOr _hmS>rH$ d _`mgmho~ Vm`mgmho~ amOo{eH}$ `mZr 7/12 Mo CVmao Am{U Q>nnona
AmUcm Va `m`mda AmnUmcm _mJo gm{JV`m_mUo H$ama {chZ KoUo d ZVa `mg EH$ hOma
nò XoUo.
(6) _mo{hao `mMm d gmdaQ>H$a `mMm {heo~ nwam Pmcm AgocM.
(7) \$moQ>m|`m 15 H$mnrO _w~BhZ H$moUr OmUmao ôQoc `mMo~amo~a VoWo Agco`m A~__ò
{MH$Q>d`mgmR>r nmR>dUma AmhmoV. Var `m A~__ò {MH$Q>dUo.
(8) E{OZrAa Omoer ho cQ>aH$aVm _mUgo KoD$Z Amco hmoVo qH$dm H$m` ? d BVa H$m_mMr
`dWm Vo H$m` H$aUma AmhoV ?
(9) ZdrZ KoVco`m Hw$nU KmVco`m OmJoV cmoH$mZm Om`mH$aVm dmQ> ~m~y ~mYyZ V`ma Pmcr
AgocM. a`m`m ~mOycm Omo _moR>m H$mR>mMm XadmOm Ho$cocm Amho Vmo chmZ H$$Z KoUo d `m`m
Xmohr ~mOyZm H$mQ>mMo Hw$nU KmcUo.
(10) cmB_mMo Xadm`mOdirc H$nmD$S> ~m`m `mg Hw$S>`mg gmJUo d amIU H$amd`mg gmJUo.
314 && MV`gy` &&
(11) CXoJmH$S>rc O_rZrcm ZdrZ KmVcocm JS>Jm hUOo ~mY hm `dpWV Amho qH$dm Zmhr,
Vo nmhUo d H$moR>o \w$Q>cm Ag`mg XwV H$$Z KoUo. `m H$nmD$S>mV EoZmMo amon| d gm`mMo amon| cmdUo.
(12) KamOdirc H$nmD$S>mV Jo`m dfvM cmdcoco gm`mMr amono {OdV AmhoV H$s ZmhrV Vo
nmhUo. _oco Ag`mg ZdrZ cmdUo. amono _mS>mOdi V`ma AmhoVM.
(13) gd \w$cPmS>mZm d \$iPmS>mZm eoUIV KmcUo (Jm`r`m nm`mImcMo)
(14) mjmcm n|S>, WmoS>m `w[a`m, gwna \$m\o$Q> d Zm`Q>mo\$mg Ago EH$ H$$Z KmcUo. AJa
gw\$cm d eoUIV {_giyZ KmcUo.
(15) gd _mS>mMo d gwnmarMo PmS>mZm Hw$S>mMm Q>mi d eoU KmcyZ d _mVr KmcUo.
gd H$c_mZm d \$UgmZm n|S> d Hw$S>mMm Q>mi KmcU| d da _mVr KmcU|.
aZm{JarhZ H$moUr Vk Bg_ Am`mg `mMoH$Sy>Z H$c_o `dpWV gmaIr H$adyZ KoUo. ^|S>o,
~md`m, nS>dir, XmoS>H$s, nmamoer (Kmogmir) {M~yS>, H$mH$S>r, dmcnmnS>r, AigwXm, Am~mS>r
noaUo, XmaMr ^mOr noaUo, MdBMr PmS>o JmonrZo AmUyZ {Xcr Va cmdUo, cmdUr Pm`mZVa Xmohr
~cmZm ~S>dyZ KoUo d `mMr ZrQ> {ZJm amIUo. cmdUrMo H$m_r `mZm ZrQ> ImUo dJao KmcUo d n|S>
dJao KmcUo. OmJS>mcm OZmdao ZrQ> MadyZ gm^mi`mg gmJUo d cmoH$m`m O{_ZrV OZmdao Z
Zo`m~c ~OmdUo. Amn`m O{_ZrV cmoH$mMr OZmdao Am`mg Vr hmH$cyZ ~mhoa H$mT>Uo.
gdS>r_mUo JdVo Hw$S>dyZ KoUo. ZdrZ KoVco`m JdVm`m OmJm, lrXm XodWmZmMo {R>H$mUmMo
~mOyZo gai hrZo Hw$Sy>Z KoUo d da ~m`m H$arV Agco`m O{_Zr`m nm``mZo gai AmS>do OmD$Z
ZmMUH$am`m Kamn`V gai Hw$S>rV òoUo d VoWyZ WmoS>m JmodS> JwamgmR>r R>oD$Z JmodS>H$S> Xmohr ~mOyZo
Hw$S>Uo d hi`m`m O_rZr`m nm``mZo Hw$nU KmcrV òUo d VoWya gai MhmUm`m hrZo
a`mn`V Hw$nU AmUyZ {_i{dUo. ~m`mcm gmJyZ R>odco Amho `m_mUo nmdgmV JS>r {_iVrc,
`mdoir `m gd O{_ZtZm CM Ago XJS> _mVrMo ~mY Kmcmd`mMo AmhoV. VgoM JwadmH$S>rc Oo
{R>H$mU AmnU KoVco Amho `mhr {R>H$mUmcm ImcyZ gw`m`m hrZo ~mY KmcUo d VoWyZ JmodS> R>odyZ
da`m ~mOyZohr n$m ~mY KmcUo. Vo gd {R>H$mU Mmar ~mOyZo JdVmgmR>r ZrQ> Hw$S>dyZ KoUo. eoVm`m
_wer gm^miUo d nmUr dmadma nmhmUo O$a AgVo. ~mH$s BVa H$m_o _r VoWo AmfmT> _{h`mV 4-5
{Xdg `m doiog òBZ `mdoir g_OmdyZ gmJoZ. gd Ho$ir IUyZ H$mT>m`m. nmZHo$ir {d{harMo
Imc`m ~mOyZo 1-1 amon cm~ cm~ cmdmdo d Im`m`m Ho$ir \$$ EHo$H$M amonm gJirH$S>o
cmdmdm d `mcm eoU KmcyZ da _mVr Kmcmdr.
òH$ Ho$ircm {ZXmZ _mS>r BVH$m Var Imoc I>m H$mTy>Z Ho$i cmdUo VaM nwT>o Ho$ir òVrc. gd
gm_mZgw_mZ ZrQ> Amd$Z, ZdrZ ImonQ>mVyZ ZrQ> cmdyZ R>odUo d Vo 15-20 {XdgmZr ZrQ> VnmgyZ
nmhmUo (dmidr dJao cmJcr Amho qH$dm H$m` `mgmR>r) H$m_ gnyZ Cacoco {g_rQ> ZrQ> n|S>mV
n[a{e> - 3 / 315
~Xmo~VmZo ZrQ> JwS>miyZ R>odUo hUOo nwT>o Cn`moJr nS>oc.

JJmam_, Ym|Sy> Pmonmd`mg AgVrcM d eH$a _orhr Pmonmd`mg òV AgVrcM. H$meram_Mo
Zm$ ~ao Pmco AgVrcM. lr. amdVoH$mH$m OyZAIoa _w~Bg Amn`m Kar Omd`mMo AmhoV. `mZm
gmoS>d`mgmR>r _w~BhZ {ZXmZ EH$ Var _Zw` 29,30 OyZn`V nmR>dVmo.
lr. dgVamdm`m _S>itMo H$m_ _w~Bg lr. ^mB Xm^moiH$a, ZmZmgmho~ Omoer d S>m.Omoer `mZm
ZrQ> g_OmdyZ gm{JVco Amho. `m_mUo Vo ZrQ> `dWm H$adyZ H$aVrc.
lr. dgVamdmMo ~m~VrVhr gm. dmcmdcH$a~mB `mZr dgVamdmMo Am{\$g_ò OmD$Z H$m`
O~m~ md`mMm Vo gwm darc Bg_ ZrQ> `dpWV arVrZo R>adVrc d _J `m OmD$Z O~m~ XoVrc.
lr. _moaoa AZV hi~o - `mMo n AmOM _cm Amco Amho. `mZm _r nwT>rc_mUo {chZ
H$i{dco Amho. `mZm Amhr VrZ hOma nò amoI XoD$Z nmdVr KoVcr AmhoM.
(1) {R>H$mU Om^wiIar d {R>H$mU H$mVir _Xma m Xmohr O_rZr _moOyZ `mZr Am_`m Vm`mV
md`m`m AmhoV. Vr _moOUr AmVm nmdgm_wio hmoD$ eH$Uma Zmhr. VgoM da`m daH$g O_rZrV
ZmMUH$a `mMm dmS>m Amho d ~arM O_rZ `mMo d{hdmQ>rg Amho. Vr O_rZ d `mMm dmS>m `mMoH$Sy>Z
H$mTy>Z `mZr O_rZ Am_Mo Vm`mV md`mMr Amho.
(2) lr. _moaoa hi~o `m`m d{S>cm`m ZmdmZo `m Xmohr O_rZr H$mJXmonr AmhoV. Var dmag
Vnmg hmoD$Z `m Xmohr O_rZtZm gd dmagmMr Zmdo cmJ`m{edm` d Vr Zm|X _m_coXmagmho~ `mZr
_Oya H$$Z VcmR>mZo 7/12 cm `m O_rZtMo dmag hUyZ gd {hgoXmamMr Zmdo XmIc Ho$`m{edm`
`m O{_Zr Amhmcm H$m`Xoeraar`m `mMoH$Sy>Z IaoXr H$aVm òV ZmhrV d H$m`Xoera IaoXrn
H$adyZ KoVm òV Zmhr. `m`m gd {hgoXmamMo _wI`man `mZr a{OQ>a H$adyZ AmUUo Amd`H$.
`m gd Jmo>r Oa nmdgmMo AmYr CaH$`m Ag`m Va _r Cacoco ngo `mZm XoD$Z Vm~S>Vmo~ IaoXr
n H$a{dco AgVo. Var `m gd Jmo>r nw`m hmoBn`V ({S>g|~an`V) Amhmcm `mZm ngo XoVm òV
ZmhrV, Ago `mg gmJmdo. `mM Ame`mMo n _r `mZm {c{hco Amho.
lr. amZS>o AmMmar `mZm dN>VoZo amh`mg gmJUo d ZrQ> gm^miyZ KoUo.
lrdm_r g_WmMo MaUr gd XodXodVmMo MaUr d gVmMo MaUr d lr grVmam_~wdmMo MaUr
Z_H$ma gmJUo.
do. _y. lr. {^Hy$ ^S>>Org Z_H$ma, lr. amZS>o, ~m`m, ògy, Ym|Sy>, JJmam_, H$meram_, am_M
d gm. Mm~mB `mg Am{edmX. {edam_amd, Xmw gwd}, c`m Vocr, Vm`m ~Zo d gd JS>r _mUgo d
gd _or `mg Am{edmX. {dgy e|~oH$a `mg Am{edmX.
Ym|S>~mamd, ~~Z_mVa, _`m~m amOo{eH}$, ZmamÙOr amOo{eH}$, VmVmo~m, Oàm_amd JwOa,
eH$aamd JwOa, ~miHw$eoQ> d dmgy cIolr, {edmOramOo _hmS>rH$, ~mi amOo d Vm`mgmho~ amOo{eH}$
316 && MV`gy` &&
`mg Am{edmX, _mo{hao eoQ> `mg Z_H$ma E{O{ZAa lr. Omoer `mg Z_H$ma. lr. dPo d ~mimgmho~
`mMo AmnUmg Z_H$ma. eH$a _or `mg Am{edmX.
Amncm,
lrgMaUaO
{d. J. Omoer.
40.
{V - lr. AZV gImam_ ~mJcH$a, S>oadU
&& lr &&
VgV &
lrgado Z_: &
nwUo - 16
{X. 6/9/1972
lr. am. am. ~mJcH$a `mgr lrdm_rH$noMo AZoH$mom_ Am{edmX Cnar {deof Amnco 1/9/72 Mo a{OQ>S> n d `mgmo~V nmR>{dcoco Q>Q>Mo Q>oQ>_|Q> Z.91 d godmIm`mMo
Q>oQ>_|Q> Z.61 hr {_iyZ _OHy$a g_Ocm.
AmnU VoWo lrg ~m~mMr nw`{VWr gmOar H$adyZ KoVcrV d `mMm gmXhr AMmZH$nUo
lr. Jo^mD$Zr AmnUmcm {Xcm ho dmMyZ g_mYmZ dmQ>co. ltMr BN>m.
(1) JS>r _mUgo _XVrcm XoD$Z XJS> H$mTy>Z Ko`mMo H$m_ gw$ Ho$co AmhoV, R>rH$ Amho. H$maU nwT>o
~mY KmcyZ Ko`mMo H$m_ gw$ H$amd`mMo Amho. Vo {MIc Amocm Amho Vmon`VM H$aUo OmV gmoBM
o hmoBc
.
H$maU EH$Xm _mVr gwH$cr hUOo ~mY KmcUo H$R>rU OmBc d cm~Zy nmUr ZoUo \$ma IMmMo hmoBc
. Var
cdH$aM ~mY KmcdyZ KoUo O$a Amho. H$dmS>r H$adyZ `m`m Xmohr ~mOycm XJS>mZ r ~mYZy `mcm
{g_|Q> cmdyZ n$m H$aUo, `mcm Hw$cynhr cmdyZ H$m_ no$ H$aUo. ~oUUrMo H$m_ CaHy$Z KoU.o
(2) eH$a D$\$ ZmZm _or-`mMo ~m~VrV gmYH$~mYH$ {dMma H$$Z AmnU Omo H$mhr {ZU`
R>admc Vmo `mo`M Agoc Ago _cm dmQ>Vo. Var `mn_mUo {ZU` KoD$Z `mcm gmJmdo. `mZm
AmR>dS>mVyZ EH$Xm aOm dJao Xo`mMr H$mhr ^mZJS>M ZH$mo. `mZm H$m` Vo AmnU {dMma H$$Z
gmJmdo. VoWrc H$moUVrhr dVy (\w$cogwm) Vwhmcm {dMma`m{edm` H$moUrhr ZoD$ Zò AJa H$moUVrhr
Jmo> Vwhmcm {dMma`m{edm` H$$ Zò. hr Jmo> `mZm H$~yc Agoc `mZrM VoWo amhmdo. BVamZr VoWo
amh`mMo H$mhrM H$maU Zmhr. Ago EH$Xm gdmZm lr. Anm _mo{hao `mZm ~mocmdyZ `m`m g_j
gmJUo. _r AgVmZm _m`m Vm|S>mda gd Jmo>r H$~yc H$amd`m`m d _r ZgVmZm _m Vw_`mer
n[a{e> - 3 / 317
AaoamdrZo dmJmd`mMo hr Jmo> ~ar Zmhr. Ago gdmg gmJmdo.

(3) H$m{eam_ JS>r - `mcmhr gd Jmo>r g_OmdyZ gmJUo d Xa_hm H$O\o$S> 6/- nò Var
H$adyZ `mdr. `m _{h`mnmgyZ gwadmV H$amdr.
(4) do. _y. lr. ZmIao JwOr - `mZm gm` eXmV gd Jmo>r g_OmdyZ gmJUo d \w$cmMo ~m~VrV
_m n> g_O mdr.
JwamMr dJao MmJcr H$miOr `mdr.
AmVm nmdQ>m R>moH$m`Mr doi Amcr Amho. Var Om^yiIarcm d da`m EH$ EH$a ~mJocm ~m`m d
ògy ho dmQ>mcm òV AgVrc Va dmQ>mZo R>>moH$mdm. _m Om^yiIar`m AcrH$S>o nm``m ~mYcoco
Oo eoV Amho d `mcm cmJyZ H$mH$mgmho~mH$S>rc KoVcocr O_rZ (EH$Xa Mma _`m) Amho, `mcm
KarM nmdQ>m R>>moH$mdm; `mV dmQ>ocr ZH$mo. ~m`m d ògw ho Oa dmQ>mcm òV ZgVrc Va Om^wi_ircmhr
d H$mVimOdirc da`m ~mJocmhr nmdQ>m, OmS>r Mdir d H$S>dm KarM Q>moH$mdm (_mUgo H$adyZ).
nwT>o _r òBZ `mdoir nwT>Mr `dWm gmJoZ, Vmon`V `m_mUo H$aUo.
(5) gVmof H$a_aH$a d \$UgmiH$a `mg AJmam d gmX nmR>dmd`mMm Zmhr. `m`m Xa_hm`m
EH$mXe`m AmnU ~X Ho$`mM AmhoV.
(6) ~m`m H$mVH$a - `mMo ~m~VrV Vmo AcrH$S>o VoWo g_m{Y_{Xam`m WmZmV Ho$hm Ho$hm
A_c H$$Z òVmo d ~{iam_ amOocm AneX ~mocVmo Ago _m`m H$mZmda Amco Amho. hr Jmo> ~ar
Zmhr. H$mhr Pmco Var ~{iam_ amOo hm VoWo amhUmamM. ~m`mcm Oa Am_`mH$S>o amrMo amhUo
nadS>V Zgoc Va `mZo Xmohr doi Amn`m KarM Oodmdo d KarM Pmonmdo Ago gmJmdo. hr Jmo>
lr. Anm _mo{hao `m`m g_j `mcm gmJmdr. A_c H$$Z Am_`mH$S>o òUo, AneX ~mocUo,
CQ>nUmMr ^mfm d JadVZ H$aUo hr Jmo> Amhmg MmcUma Zmhr Ago `mcm gmJmdo. VgoM
`m`mH$S>`m _mUgmZr cm`_m`m eoVmVrc Amncr Mma dJao H$mncr, hrhr Jmo> ~ar Zmhr Ago
`mg gmJmdo. _r `mcm H$moU`m âdemZo AmVmn`V VoWo R>odcm d H$moU`m H$mao H$emarVrZo
AmOn`V dmJdcm `mMr `mcm OmUrd Amho H$m ? Ago `mcm gm` eXmV {dMmamdo.
Jwadm`m H$nmS>mV Imc`m ~mOycm ~mY WmoS>m CM H$adyZ KoUo O$a Amho. Vmo XwVm|S>r KmcdyZ
`mdm. VgoM `m {R>H$mU`m EH$m ~mOycm ~m`m ~Zo d ògy gmocH$a `mZo eoV Ho$co Amho d Xwg`m
~mOwcm ZmMUH$a `mZo eoV Ho$co Amho. `m XmoKmZrhr Amn`m O{_ZrVrc nmUr Am_`m ~mYm~amo~a
H$mTy>Z cmdco Amho. `m_wio Am_`m ~mYmcm YmoH$m nmohmoMoc. ho _r `mZm _mJo n> g_OyZ
(~m`m_m\$V) gm{JVcohr Amho. AOyZhr Oa `mZr Am_`m ~mYmOdiyZ cmdcoco nmUr {\$adyZ
cm~ cmdco Zgoc Va Am_Mo dV:Mo JS>r KoD$Z OmUo d OoWyZ Vo nmUr Am_`m ~mYmOdiyZ Zoco
Agoc VoWyZ Vo {\$adyZ XmoZ hmV cm~ `m`m eoVmVyZ hacm H$mT>dyZ {\$adyZ cmdmdo.
318 && MV`gy` &&
~mH$s Jmar JUnVrV H$m` H$amd`mMo Vo gd Jo`mdfu_mUo H$aUo. _mJ`m EH$m nmV Vo gd
H$i{dco AmhoM. eH$a _or AJa A` H$moUr `mg AmVm `mnwT>o AJmda ngo Z XoUo.
_mPr H$Vr R>rH$ Amho. òWo lt`m WmZmV gd R>rH$ Amho. _`m ^mQ>dS>oH$a `mZo òWrc lt`m
nw`{VWrMm gmX AmnUmH$S>o nmohmoM{dcm AgocM.
_w~Bg Jo`mZVa S>mQ>Mo ngo BewAS>Zo Vw_`m Zmdo nmR>{d`mMr `dWm H$aVmo. lrdm_r
g_W MaUr, lrgrVmam_~wdmMo MaUr, lr{XJ~a~m~mMo MaUr, gd XodXodVmMo MaUr Z_H$ma
gmJUo. lr. nwamo{hV JwOr, lr. ZmIao JwOr d Vwhmg, lr. ~mimgmho~ d dPoH$mH$m `mMo Z_H$ma.
AmnU 6 _UmMo VmXyi H$a{dcoV `mMo _mn 20 nm`cr VmXyi d 1 nm`cr H$Ur Ago âco Ago
{c{hco Amho. `mV {c{h`mV MyH$ Var Pmcr Agcr nm{hOo AJa H$mhr JS>~S> Pmcr Agcr
nm{hOo. H$maU CVmam H$_rV H$_r nmM nm`cr VmXyi d 1&&-2 nm`cr H$Ur Agm _Umcm nS>m`cm
nm{hOo. `mV H$moUr Mmoar Var Ho$cr Agoc AJa ^mV Var H$_r gS>md`mg Zoco Agoc, AJa H$moUrVar
Vw_`m S>mo`mV Yyi\o$H$ Ho$cr Agoc Agm g^d {XgVmo. H$mhr Pmco Var VmXwimMm CVmam _Umcm
5 nm`cr VmXyi d 1&& Vo 2 nm`cr H$Ur Agm nS>m`cmM nm{hOo. H$Xm{MV Vwhr 3 _UmMo H$mS>n
Ho$co Agoc d MwHy$Z 6 _UmMo Ho$co Ago {c{hco Joco Agoc. H$maU Vwhr {c{hcocm CVmam 3 _U
^mVmMo H$mS>nmMm Amho Ago {XgVo. AVw Am{U hm Oa ghm _U ^mVmMm CVmam Agoc Va H$mhrVar
^`H$a JS>~S> KmoQ>mim Pmcm Amho Ago {Z{V g_Omdo d lr. Anm _mo{hao `mg gmJyZ MmH$er
H$amdr. ZwgVo JJmam_da {dg~yZ MmcUma Zmhr.
lr. Anm _mo{hao `mZm EH$ n {c{hco Amho Vo Vwhmcm òD$Z XmIdVrc AJa _OHy$a gmJVrc.
Var `mMm gm KoD$Z H$m` Vo R>admdo.
_r {VH$S>o ^mnX d njmV òUma Amho `mdoir gd Jmo>r gmdH$menUo ~mocy d gd `moOZm
gmdH$menUo H$adyZ R>ody.
do. _y. lr. nwamo{hV JwOr, lr. AVw_m_m d do. _y. ZmIao JwOr `mg Z_H$ma. _mo{hao eoQ> `mg
Am{edmX. gd JS>r _mUgo, _mocH$arU d H$m_mdarc JS>r `mg Am{edmX.
H$imdo ho Am{edmX.
Amncm,
lrgMaUaO
{d. J. Omoer.
n[a{e> - 3 / 319
41.
{V - lr. ZmQ>oH$a_m_m d lr. {^S>oH$mH$m, S>oadU
&& lr &&
VgV &
lrgado Z_: &
nwUo - 16
{X. 3/9/1975
lr. am. am. _m_mgmho~ ZmQ>oH$a d {^S>oH$mH$m `mgr

go_ Z_H$ma {d. {d.
Amnco 31/8/75 Mo n d `m~amo~a newdH$s` A{YH$mar {MniyU `mMo H$m`mc`mH$S>rc
Amcoco gm`cmoQ>mBc n {_iyZ _OHy$a g_Ocm.
(1) lr. gwd} ho Am`mda cJoM _mo~Xcm n H$adyZ KoUo.
(2) Am_`m gd OZmdamZm nm`cmJm`m CnMmamgmR>r Q>moMyZ KoUo. `mgmR>r cmJVrc Vo ngo
IM H$a`mg haH$V Zmhr. Vo Ad` IM H$amdo. H$maU OZmdao ho newYZ Amho d `mMo OVZ gd
>rZo H$aUo ho Am_Mo H$V` Amho. `mM_mUo `mZm nmoQ>mVhr Jmo`m XoUo d _c_hr nm`mg cmdUo.
(3) gd H$c_mZm A`m ~mYyZ KoUo.
(4) ^mVeoVrMr dJao Xwgar ~oUUr `mMr `mMr H$amd`mMr Agoc Vrhr H$a`mg gwadmV
H$aUo.
(5) H$_moXMo ^mV V`ma hmoVmM Vm~S>Vmo~ H$mnUo O$a.
(6) S>oadU d gmdS>mMo gr_odarc O{_Zrcm gr_o`m ~mOycm d ~mJdo`m ~mOycm ~mY
KmcdyZ KoUo.
(7) _mo`m`m ^m`m 100 H$$Z R>odUo. AOyZ 27 ^mao AmUUo O$a Amho.
(8) gd OZmdamMr MmJcr XoI^mc H$aUo.
(9) lr. amZS>o d lr.Omoer ho AmZXmV AmhoV ho dmMyZ g_mYmZ dmQ>co. lr. Omoer d lr. amZS>o
`mZm òH$s EH$ Ja_ doQ>a {MniyU òWyZ AmUyZ XoUo. `m XmoKmZmhr Am{edmX gmJUo.
(10) lr. hS>uH$a JwOr `mMm Vmn AmVm ~am Amho d Vo H$m_ H$$ cmJco ho dmMyZ ~ao dmQ>co.
`mZm H$m` O$a AgVrc Vr AmfYo dJao Ko`mg gmJUo. n` nmi`mg gmJUo. Vw_Mr VòV ~ar
Amho ho dmMyZ g_mYmZ dmQ>co.
new dH$s` A{YH$mar, {d^mJr` H$r_ aoVZ H|$, {MniyU `mMoH$S>rc AmnU nmR>{dcoco nH$
gmo~V naV nmR>{dco Amho. `mMr Zm|X KoUo.
JUnVr dJao gJio `dpWV H$aUo. VgoM dnjmV ~wdmMm nj `dpWV arVrZo H$aUo.
320 && MV`gy` &&
Xadfm_mUo ZdamrMo 14 nmR> OmXm H$aUo. nmR>mcm 2 nò _mUo `mMo ngo ~mUmcm {Zamio
md`mMo AgVmV.
lr. dPoH$mH$m `mMm P~m d coh|Jm VoWo am{hcm Amho. Vmo BH$S>o H$moUr Amcm Va AJa H$moOm{Jar
nm{U_ocm _r {VH$S>o òUma Amho `mdoir BH$S>o AmUrZ. Xg`m`m {Xder A_VH$mMr hUOo
AmnQ>m`m PmS>mMr nyOm H$aUo d H$mhrVar JmoS> H$$Z Zdo XmI{dUo. lr. ~mimgmho~,
lr. dPoH$mH$m, {M. Vwno d {M. Xmm `mMo AmnUmg Z_H$ma.
gd XodXodVmg, lrdm_r g_W MaUr, lrdhmiH$a~wdmMo MaUr, lrgrVmam_~wdmMo MaUr,
lrg ~m~mMo MaUr Z_H$ma. ~mH$s gd _moR>m _S>itg Z_H$ma d chmZmg Am{edmX.
Amncm,
lrgMaUaO
{d. J. Omoer.
42.
{V - lr. Or. Ama. gmZo, nwUo
&& lr &&
VgV &
lrgado Z_: &
nwUo - 16
{X. 28/10/1965
lr. am. am. Or. Ama. gmZo `mgr

g. Z. {d. {d.
AmnU {XZmH$ 23/10/65 cm lr ~rS>H$a _hmamO _R>, nwUo `m {R>H$mUmhZ EH$ OmoS>-nmoQ>H$mS>
_cm {c{hco Amho. _r Aem Jmo>tMm Iwcmgm nmmao H$arV ZgVmo. naVw AmnU `m nmVyZ _m`mda
Ho$coco Amamon ho gdWd {ZamYma, Jag_OwVrMo d AhH$mamZo Am{U amJmZo o[aV hmoD$Z `m amJmMo
âmV hr ltZr {Xcocr oaUm Amho d ho ltMo eX AmhoV `m ~wa`mImcr {c{hcoco AmhoV Am{U
`m_wio A`m`mMo n[a_mOZ H$a`mgmR>rM Ho$di AmnUmcm ho n {c{hV Amho.
(1) hr OmJm ~. ^y. amdgmho~ gh~wo `m`m _wcrMr ImOJr _mcH$sMr Amho d Vr _m`mH$S>o
^mS>mZo Amho. _r òWrc _mcH$ Zho.
(2) ltg AmnU {c{hVm 1938 Vo 1958 n`V _R>mV AJa amdgmho~mH$S>o ôQ>`mg 24 Vmg
XadmOm CKS>m hmoVm. `m ~m~VrV _r AmnUmg Ago H$idy BpN>Vmo H$s, _R>mV H$m` MmcVo d VoWrc
n[a{e> - 3 / 321
cmoH$ H$m` H$aVmV, `mMr arV H$m`, `mMr CR>mR>od H$a`mMo _cm `moOZ Zmhr. lr ~rS>H$a _R>mMm
XadmOm amâgwm XeZoNw> cmoH$mZm CKS>m AgVmo qH$dm H$m` `mMr _cm Amn _m{hVr Zmhr.
AmVm lrg amdgmho~mMo ~m~VrV {c{hVmo. lrg amdgmho~ ~m~m `mZr 18/8/1954 amoOr
Amncm nm{Wd Xoh nM_hm^yVmV {dcrZ Ho$cm. `m_wio gZ 1958 n`V `mMm XadmOm 24 Vmg
H$gm H$m` CKS>m hmoVm ho _cm g_OV Zmhr. lrg ~m~m h`mV AgVmZm, Vo `m dmS>mV hUOo
Yw_mi {~pS>J_ò amhmV AgV,`m dmS>mMm XadmOm amr gmS>oZD$ Vo Xhm`m Xa`mZ ~X hmoV
Ago d amr ZD$ dmO`mZVa `m`mH$S>o H$moUr XeZmg OmV AgV Ago _m`m Eo{H$dmV AJa
nmh`mV Zmhr.
(3) lrg ~m~m`m _wcrH$Sy>Z `m`m _mcH$sMr hr OmJm cmQ> Z. 321 S>r, hr _r `mZm
dfmcm R>am{dH$ ^mS>o XoD$Z 28/8/56 amoOr a{OQ>a crOZo ^mS>mZo KoVcr. `mZVa ltZr _m`mH$Sy>Z
oaUm XoD$Z Or godm H$adyZ KoVcr Vr Amnn`V Ho$cr Jocr. `m H$mimV hOmamo _mUgo lt`m
g_m{YWmZmda VoWrc {Z`_ nmiyZ òD$Z, ^moOZmMm gmX KoD$Z Jocr AmhoV. ghmdYr _mUgo
`m lt`m OmJoV A{ZmamÙmcm AmhVr XoD$Z, emV hmoD$Z OmVmV d Jocr, `m {R>H$mUr EH$ gmZo
ZmdmMo JhW Z Ood`m_wio CUrd nS>oc Aer eH$m OmJVrV Va ZmhrM nU dZmVhr _m`m _ZmV
òUo e` Zmhr.
AmnU {c{hVm Amncr d _mPr AmoiI 61 gmcmnmgyZ Amho. R>rH$ Amho. naVw AmnUmcm _r,
"H$gohr H$$Z dfmVyZ EH$Xm Var XeZ KoD$Z OmM' Aem AWmZr {dZdyZ AJa {dZdUr H$$Z
Ho$hmM gm{JVcoco, _cm _aV Zmhr.Amn`m Jo`mdfu`m ôQ>rV _r AmnUmcm Ago gm{JV`mMo
_aVo H$s, "Amncr Oa amdgmho~m`mda {ZR>m Amho d `mMr AmoiIgwm Amho Va nw`mg AmcmV
hUOo dfmVyZ EH$Xm XeZ KoV Om.' `mMm AW _r Amncr {dZdUr Ho$cr Agm hmoV Zmhr.
(4) AmnU {c{hVm H$s, Amn`m Vm|S>mVyZ {ZKmcoco,"Am`m A{VWm _wR>â m`m _mJo nwT>Vr
nmh ZH$mo !' ho eX EoHy$Z _r XMH$cmo. hm Ho$di AmnU Amncm Jag_O H$$Z KoV AmhmV. Amnco
eX EoHy$Z XMH$`mMo _cm H$mhrM `moOZ Zmhr Am{U Vgm _r XMHo$Z Aer AmnU gwVam_
H$nZmhr H$adyZ KoD$ ZH$m. hr Amncr H$nZm Ho$di H$nZm Amho.
(5) AmnU AmcmV `mdoir _r g`m H$aUoV d XodnyOm H$aU|V JwVcocmo hmoVmo. _m`m _mUgmZo
_cm gm{JVco H$s gmZo ZmdmMo JhW Amco AmhoV d `mZm XeZ `md`mMo Amho. dmV{dH$
XeZmMr doi ZgVmZm, Ho$di AmnU ~mhoa JmdmhZ òD$Z XeZ KoD$Z OmD$ BpN>Vm Va XeZmcm
nadmZJr mdr, {ha_moS> H$$ Zò, EdT>mM ^mdZoZo _r, Adoir Amn`mcm XadmOm CKS>`mMr
nadmZJr {Xcr.`m nadmZJr~c H$VkVm `$ Z H$aVm, AmnU nmZo _m`mdaM Vmeoao PmSy>
cmJcmV hm XdmMm Xw{dcmg Amho Ago _r g_OVmo. AmnUmcm XadmOm CKSy>Z, AmnU AmV
322 && MV`gy` &&
Am`mZVa, "Ago Adoir H$m òVm, AJmoXa nmZo H$idmdo' ho eX _r AmnUmcm {dMmaco ho g`
Amho. naVw AmnUmgma`m gyk _mUgmg ho g_Oco nm{hOo H$s, Xwg`m`m Kar OmVmZm `mcm
doioMr _`mXm AgVo. _mUgmZr `dhmamVM E{Q>Ho$Q>g nmim`mV Am{U BVa {R>H$mUr nmiy ZòV ho
\$ma {d{MM dmQ>Vo. ho WmZ ltMo g_m{Y_{Xa Amho. `m {R>H$mUr godogmR>r Or ZmoH$a_mUgo AmhoV
`mZmhr OrdZ Amho. AmVrc H$m_o CaH$`mH$[aVm `mZmhr doi cmJVmo d `mZmhr {dlmVrMr O$ar
AgVo. `m Jmo>r H$moUrhr cjmV KoV ZmhrV. òH$ ~mhoaJmdMm _Zw` Oa doir Adoir òD$Z `m
cmoH$m`m OrdZmV {~KmS> H$$ cmJcm Va VoWrc gw`dWm H$er MmcUma d `m cmoH$mZm {dlmVr
H$er {_iUma, `mMm {dMma AmnU Amn`merM H$am.
(6) AmnU JUnVrOdi nmXmUo H$mT>crV d Amn`m hmVmVrc ~J q^Vrcm Q>oHy$Z R>odcrV
Am{U AmnU hUmcm H$s, "_cm Ammm XeZ KoD$Z Omd`mMo Amho' `m Amn`m ~moc`mZVa
H$moUmMrhr H$nZm gmh{OH$M hmoUma H$s AmnU Oodmd`mg XwgarH$S>o OmUma AmhmV Am{U `m_wio
Amncr nwT>o OmV {dMmanyg H$aUo Amd`H$ dmQ>co Zmhr. `mZVa _r _m`m nyOocm {ZKyZ Jocmo.
AmnU _{XamV JocmV d _m`m _mUgmZo AmnUmg VrWgmX {Xcm, `mV _m`m amJmMm Am{U
AemVVoMm H$moR>o Amcm Am{U `mV _r Amncm An_mZ H$m` Ho$cm ?
AmnUmcm Oa gmXmcm ahmd`mMo hmoVo Va amdgmho~m`m~c AmnU Or {Z>m XmI{dVm,
VXZwgma _cm gmXmcm amhmd`mMo ho AmnUhZ _cm gmJm`cm nm{hOo hmoVo. H$maU _r _m`m nyOoV
JwVcocmo hmoVmo. `mZVa _r _mPr nyOm gw$ R>odcr d AmnU XeZ KoD$Z _m`m _mUgmcm {Z_cm~mBMm
nmm {dMm$Z {ZKyZ JocmV, `mMm AW Amhr H$m` g_Omd`mMm ?
Bam`m Kar gmX _mJUog gH$moM H$m dmQ>mdm AJa AhH$ma H$m Agmdm `mMm {dMma AmnUM
H$am.
(7) AmnU {c{hVm 23/10/65 amoOr _r Amncm An_mZ Ho$cm hUOo n`m`mZo lrg
amdgmho~mMm An_mZ Ho$cm Am{U hr _cm gw~wr H$m Pmcr ho Amnco hUUoM Amn`m {R>H$mUr
AhH$ma {H$Vr namH$moQ>rMm Amho ho {g H$a`mg nwaogo Amho. Ord~wrZo AmnU hUOo amdgmho~ Zho
ho AmnU no$ g_OyZ Agm.
(8) _m`m hmVmV AmnU A{YH$ma {Xcoco ZmhrV. gm. {Z_cm~mBH$Sy>Z amoI ^mS>o XoD$Z hr OmJm
_r KoVcocr Amho d `m OmJoV H$moU`m doiog H$moUmcm doe m`Mm hm gddr _mPm Amho. `m
gw ~m~mZr _cm òWo AmUco Amho, Vo _cm oaUm XoD$Z `mZm nm{hOo `m Jmo>r, Vo KS>dyZ KoV Amco
AmhoV d KoVrc. _r lrg ~m~m`m MaUmMm Ho$di EH$ Ak godH$, nm_a, PmSy>dmcm Amho. Am{U
eodQ>n`V `mMrM godm hmdr EdT>r EH$_od BN>m Amho.
eodQ> AmnUmg BVH|$M {c{hVmo H$s, _mPm gw gdVmonar g_W Amho Am{U Vmo oaUm XoVmo
n[a{e> - 3 / 323
`m_mUoM `m XohmH$Sy>Z H$_] Ho$cr OmVmV. "^`H$X ^`ZmeZ:&'hm {gmV AmnU cjmV `m.
_m`m `m H$S>H$ {Z`_m_wio eH$m, Hw$eH$m d {VaH$ma Cn hmoVmo ho _cm \$ma {Xdg n[a{MV Amho
d `mMr OmUrdhr _cm nyUnUo Amho. naVw _r Oo gwgodoMo dV drH$maco Amho `m dVmcm
AZwg$ZM _cm `m oaUm {_iVmV, `m_mUo _r dmJV Amho. Amn`mcm nQ>mo dm Z nQ>mo. `m~c
_cm H$miOr Zmhr.
AmnU amJm`m Am{U A{^_mZm`m d AhH$mam`m âmV {c{hcoco {cImU lt`mnwT>o dmMyZ
XmI{dco d VXZVa Pmco`m oaUoZwgma Vwhmcm {chmd`mMo ZgVmZmgwm {c{hco Amho. AmnU
{Xco`m Y_H$sMm {dMma H$a`mg lrg ~m~m gdWd g_W AmhoV.
Amncm d _mPm H$moU`mhr VhoZo dmX Zmhr. Amn`m~c _cm {VaH$mahr Zmhr AJa cmo^hr
Zmhr.
H$imdo, `mnwT>o _m`mer n`dhma H$a`mMr VgXr KoD$ Zò.
Amncm,
lrgMaUaO
{d. J. Omoer.
43.
{V - _m. H$m`dmh doXnmR>emim, nwUo
&& lr &&
VgV &
lrgado Z_: &
nwUo - 16
{X. 26/7/1982
_m. H$m`dmh, doXnmR>emim, nwUo

`mgr go_ Z_H$ma {dZVr {deof Xagmcm_mUo `mdfuhr a$_ nò 1500/- (nò EH$ hOma nmMeo \$$) AmO amoOr AmnUmH$S>o
nmR>{dV AmhmoV. hr a$_ M ew&& 1 eHo$ 1904 Vo \$mJwZ d&& 30 eHo$ 1904 `m dfmMr Amho.
`mMm {d{Z`moJ Imcrc_mUo hmdm Aer BN>m Amho.
1) F$doXr emIoMo _wI JwOtg M ew.1
eHo$ 1904 nmgyZ 12 _{h`mMo _mZYZ
Xa_hm nò 25/- _mUo
324 && MV`gy` &&
nò 300.00
2) AmnV^ emIoMo _wI JwOtg

12 _{h`mMo _mZYZ Xa_hm
nò 25/- _mUo
nò 300.00
3) F$doX g{hVm hUUm`m `mo`

{dm`mg Xa_hm nò 30/- _mUo
12 _{h`mMr {e`dmr
nò 360.00
4) ghm`H$ F$doXr JwOrg Xa_hm

. 10/- _mUo 12 _{h`mMo _mZYZ
nò 120.00
5) nmR>emioMo _wI JwOr 2,

gmhm`H$ JwOr 1 `mZm òH$s
nò 10/- X{jUm XoUo.
nò 30.00
EHy$U
nò 1,110.00
darc_mUo EHy$U nò 1110/- hmoVmV. Cacocr a$_ nò 390.00 `mMm `mo` Agm
{d{Z`moJ H$amdm. `m_mUo AmnU `m {dm`mZm {e`dmr mc `mMr Zmdo d Vn{ecdma _m{hVr
H$idmdr. hr {dZVr.
darc_mUo nò 1500/- ho lrg ~m~m _hmamO gh~wo `m`m _{XamH$S>o Xagmc
lr.am.am.eaX^mB maH$mXmg _wZr, 3 eoUdr dmS>r, _wZr {~pS>J, ImS>rcH$a amoS>, _w~B 400 004
`mMoH$Sy>Z `mMo dS>rc H$.maH$mXmg _wZr `mMo _aUmW òV AgVmV. `m aH$_oMr arVga nmdVr, da
Z_yX Ho$co`m `m`m n`mda nmR>{d`mMr `dWm H$amdr.VgoM H$er `dWm Ho$cr hohr H$idmdo
d `mMr EH$ V lr.{d.J.Omoer, mam lrg ~m~m _hmamO gh~wo g_m{Y_{Xa, 937 S>r.
{edmOrZJa, nwUo - 411 016 `m n`mda nmR>dmdr.
Amncm,
lrgMaUaO
{d. J. Omoer.
n[a{e> - 3 / 325
44.
EH$m `dhmamV lr_hmamOmMr cdmXmMr ^y{_H$m
{V - lr. {d>c AmnmOr gaXogmB d BVa
&& lr &&
&& VV gV &&
&& lrgado Z_: &&
e{Zdma Am{Z d&& 7, eHo$ 1875

{X. 31/10/1953
{dO`Zm_ gdgao
lr. am. am. {d>c AmnmOr gaXogmB, lr. am. am. ^mJd Xmmo` Am~S>}H$a d lr. am. am. JmoqdX
{dZm`H$ Hw$iH$Uu ho {VKohr g_W ^moOZmc` (cmqOJ d ~mo{S>J) `m ImZmdirMo ~m~VrV
{dMma{d{Z_` H$a`mH$[aVm AmO amoOr 10 dmOVm gH$mir EH$ ~gco `mdoir `mZr nM hUyZ
am. am. {d>c JUoe Omoer `mZr H$m` Vmo {ZU` mdm Aer {dZVr Ho$`md$Z Vmo {ZU` Imcrc_mUo
{Xcm Amho. d Vmo gdmg ~YZH$maH$ Amho.
(1) gXah g_W ^moOZmc`mH$S>o lr. am. am. {d>c AmnmOr gaXogmB `mMm H$mhr g~Y Zmhr.
(2) lr. am. am. ^mJd Xmo` Am~S>}H$a `m`mH$S>o am. hmX dm_Z {Q>Ho$H$a `mMm g_W
^moOZmc` hm YXm Mmc{d`mH$[aVm H$amamZo Amho. Vmo H$ama \o$~wdmar 28 gZ 1955 AIoan`V
Mmcmd`mMm Amho. VmoM YXm `mZr hUOo lr. am. am. ^mJd Xmmo` Am~S>}H$a `mZr lr. am. am.
JmoqdX {dZm`H$ Hw$iH$Uu `mg {XZmH$ 1 Zmoh|~a gZ 1953 nmgyZ {XZmH$ 28 \o$~wdmar gZ 1955
AIoan`V Xa_hm dm{_d hUyZ a$_ nò 225/- (XmoZeo nMdrg) lr. am. am. JmoqdX {dZm`H$
Hw$iH$Uu `mOnmgyZ Xa_hmMo Xa_hm KoD$Z Mmc{d`mH$[aVm `dWmnH$ hUyZ {Xcm Amho. a$_
nò XmoZeo nMdrg, Hw$iH$Uu `mMo H$SmoZ `mg Xa _{h`mMo nmM VmaIoMo AmV {_imd`mMo AmhoV
d gwdmVrcm a$_ nò 225 (nò XmoZeo nMdrg) lr. am. am. JmoqdX {dZm`H$ Hw$iH$Uu `mZr
lr. am. am. ^mJd Xmmo` Am~S>}H$a `mMoH$S>o {S>nm{PQ> hUyZ R>odmd`mMo AmhoV.
(3) gd `dWm lr. am. am. JmoqdX {dZm`H$ Hw$iH$Uu `mZr `dWmnH$ `m gXamV nhmd`mMr
Amho. `mMoer lr. am. am. ^mJd Xmmo` Am~S>}H$a `mMm g~Y Zmhr.
(4) lr. am. am. ^mJd Xmmo` Am~S>}H$a `mZr lr. am. am. JmoqdX {dZm`H$ Hw$iH$Uu `mZm
ImUmdirMo cm`gg XoD$Z AmO Oo gm_mZ gw_mZ Amho Vo gd `mg dmnamd`mg md`mMo Amho d
lr. am. am. JmoqdX {dZm`H$ Hw$iH$Uu `mZr gd gm_mZmMr gd OnUyH$ H$amd`mMr Amho.
(5) lr. am. am. JmoqdX {dZm`H$ Hw$iH$Uu `mZr lr. am. am. ^mJd Xmmo` Am~S>}H$a `mMm
hUyZ \$$ EH$ _mUyg, XmoKmZmhr Omo Xa nadS>oc, `m XamV XaamoO OodUog KmcUoMm Amho.
326 && MV`gy` &&
(6) gXah g_W ^moOZmc`mMo ^mS>o d BcopQ>H$ {~c dJao gd lr. am. am. ^mJd Xmmo`
Am~S>}H$a `mZr âmd`mMo Amho d {H$aH$moi XwVr lr. am. am. Hw$iH$Uu JmoqdX {dZm`H$ `mZr H$$Z
`md`mMr Amho.
(7) lr. am. am. JmoqdX {dZm`H$ Hw$iH$Uu `mZr XaamoO nmM eoa no$ XyY lr. am. am. ^mJd
Xmmo` Am~S>}H$a `mMoH$Sy>Z `mo` XamV `md`mMo Amho d XyY MmoI Xo`mMr O~m~Xmar lr. am. am.
^mJd Xmmo` Am~S>}H$a `mMoH$S>o Amho. XwYm`m nemMm g~Y YmH$S>o Zmhr. Vmo nana EH$_oH$mZr
nmhUoMm Amho.
(8) gXah g_W ^moOZmc`mMo _mJMo ~mOyg EH$ cmH$S>o R>od`mMr cm~ ImonQ>r Amho (eoS>).
`mMr XwVr lr. am. am. JmoqdX {dZm`H$ Hw$iH$Uu `mZr d lr. am. am. ^mJd Xmmo` Am~S>}H$a
`mZr Ho$cocr Amho. H$mco {Z_o{Z_o AmhoV. Var Vr eoS> XmoKmZrhr AYu AYu dmnamdr. dmQ>`mg
_ò Hy$S> KmcyZ {d^mJyZ `mdr.
(9) gXarc darc H$amamV H$mhr AS>Wim AmnmngmV Cn Pm`mg lr. am. am. ^mJd Xmmo`
Am~S>}H$a d lr. am. am. JmoqdX {dZm`H$ Hw$iH$Uu `mZr {VhmBV hUyZ lr. am. am. {d>c AnmOr
gaXogmB `mg gmJyZ `mMm CcJS>m H$$Z `mdm. CJmM AmngmV VQ>m H$$ Zò.
(10) g_W ^moOZmc`mMo g_moa a`mncrH$S>o lr. _m|Jc `mMo _mcH$sMo _w. K. Z. 996 Mo
EH$ Ka Amho. Vo Ka lr. am. am. {d>c AnmOr gaXogmB `mZr lr. _moJc `mMonmgyZ ^mS>mZo KoD$Z
`mV YXm H$amdm d `m YmV lr. am. am. {d>c AnmOr gaXogmB, lr. am. am. ^mJd Xmmo`
Am~S>}H$a d lr. am. am. JmoqdX {dZm`H$ Hw$iH$Uu `m {VKmZr Z`m VmoQ>mMo g_ ^m{JXma hmdo d
`m KamV, Omo R>aoc Vmo YXm {VKmMo _VmZo Mmcdmdm. H$moUr H$m` O~m~Xm`m `m`m d H$m` H$m_o
H$amdr ho {VKmZr AmngmV ~gyZ R>admdo d `m_mUo gcmo`mZo dmJmdo. EH$_oH$mg _XV H$a`m`m
^mdZoZo gdmZr dmJmdo d gdmZr EH$_oH$m`m CVrH$[aVm PQ>mdo. EH$_oH$mg Zoh_r ghmZw^yVr XoV
Agmdo. a{OQ>oeZ IM {VKmda Amho.
{d>c JUoe Omoer
gmjr
am_M AnmOr eocma
gXah da {c{hcocm {ZU` lr. am. am. {d>c AnmOr gaXogmB, lr. am. am. ^mJd Xmmo`
Am~S>}H$a d lr. am. am. JmoqdX {dZm`H$ Hw$iH$Uu `mg _m` Amho hUyZ Vo Amn`m gm Imcr
H$arV AmhoV.
gm : 1) {d>c AnmOr gaXogmB
2) B. D. Ambardekar
3) JmoqdX {dZm`H$ Hw$iH$Uu.
n[a{e> - 3 / 327
45.
{V - Mr\$ H$Q>mocagmho~, _w~B {S>phOZ
XmgJmd, a{ddma
{XZmH$ : 26/8/1951
_ohoa~mZ,
Mr\$ H$Q>moca gmho~,
Q>oQ> Q>mgnmoQ>, _w~B {S>phOZ,
go_ Z_H$ma {d. {d.
Amhr Imcr gm H$aUmao CVm$ cmoH$, ho AmO hUOo {XZmH$ 26/8/51 amoOr, aZm{JarhZ
_w~Bg OmUm`m noec EgogZo nhmQ>o 5.15 dmOVm _w~Bg Om`mH$[aVm {ZKmcmo. Vr JmS>r
_hmS>n`V R>aco`m doir Amcr. VoWyZ Xwgar JmS>r ~r.Eg.Eg.8395 hr 1&& dmOVm {ZKmcr. Vr
XmgJmd òWo _hmS>nmgyZ 4 Vo 4&& _cmda òD$Z ~oH$ S>mD$Z hUyZ C^r am{hcr. gXa JmS>rMo
S>m`ha Z.20 e|~oH$a d H$S>Q>a Z.63 lr.{Mo, `mZr EH$ ~oH$ S>mD$Z~cMm [anmoQ> JmS>r _hmS>hZ
gwQ>`mnmgyZ 15 {_{ZQ>mV AJa VnyduM _hmS>cm OmUm`m EH$m Eg.Q>r.~gMo S>m`ha ~amo~a
coIr {Xcm d {edm` `mZVa XmgJmdcm òBn`V d Am`mdahr _hmS>cm OmUm`m Eg.Q>r.Mo
òH$ JmS>r~amo~a 3/4 doim Vm|S>r d coIr [anmoQ> XmoKohr nmR>drV hmoVo. Ago AgVmhr AmVm `m
doir hr VH$ma Amhr {c{hV AmhmoV `m doion`V hUOo gm`H$mir 4.40 dmOon`V _hmS> S>onmoH$Sy>Z
[acr\$ JmS>r Amcocr Zmhr. `m_wio AmV Agco`m gd CVm$ cmoH$mMo \$ma hmc Pmco d AmVm
`mg _w~B _w$m_r Zo`mH$[aVm `mZVa JmS>r òD$Z Vo amr gw_mao 10 Vo 11 dmOon`V AJa H$mhr
AS>MU Amcr Va H$Xm{MV `m doioZVahr _w~Bg nmohmoM`mMm g^d Amho. Aem n[apWVrV naW
{R>H$mUr CVm$Zo H$moR>o Omdo d H$m` H$amdo ?
H$mc amoOr hUOo {XZmH$ 25/8/51 cm gXa da {c{hcooco S>m`ha d H$S>Q>a `m XmoKmZrhr
gXa JmS>r hr ZmXwV Amho d Vr AmVm XwV Pm`m{edm` H$m_ XoUma Zmhr, Ago _hmS> òWrc
O~m~Xma Am{\$gaZm H$i{dco hmoVo Ago `mZr {Xco`m _m{hVrd$Z g_OVo. {edm` AmOhr gXa
JmS>r Z. 8395 hr _w~Bg KoD$Z Om Ago `mg gmJ`mV Amco. `mdoirhr gXa S>m`haZo JmS>r
ZmXwV Amho. Vr OmD$ eH$Uma Zmhr Ago Am{\$gaZm H$i{d`mMo S>m`ha gmJV Amho d Varhr
`mg, ""H$mhr Agmo Vwhr hr JmS>r _w~Bg KoD$Z Om.'' Ago O~m~Xma Am{\$ga H$Sy>Z S>m`hacm
gmJ`mV Amco d `m_wio Vo JmS>r KoD$Z Amco. Ago gXa lr.e|~oH$a, S>m`ha Z. 20 ho gmJVmV.
Var m Pmco`m d hmoV Agco`m CVm$Mo JagmoBcm d hmcmZm O~m~Xma H$moU ? `mMr `mo` Vr
MmH$er hmoD$Z _ohoa~mZrZo H$i{dUoV òBc H$m` ?
328 && MV`gy` &&
gmo~V O~m~mgmR>r 2 Am`mMo nmo> {VH$sQ> nmR>drV AmhmoV hUOo nmoQ>oOMm IM Eg.Q>r.cm
gmogUog ZH$mo. gXa JmS>rV 4 r CVm$hr AmhoV.
eH$m :- AcrH$S>o gd Eg.Q>r.Mo JmS>m~c gJirH$S>o Am_MogmaImM AZw^d Am`mMo H$iVo
d dV_mZnmVhr dmMVmo.
`mVrc MyH$ _ZoO_|Q> _ò Amho d B{O{ZàtJ {S>nmQ>_|Q> _ò Amho. `m~c `mo` Vr `dWm
hmoUo Amd`H$ Amho.
Vr `dWm hmo`m~c O~m~Xma cmoH$mg hHy$_ Joco ho {gnUo cmoH$mg H$i{dUoV òBc
H$m` ? gXa JmS>rV Vodrg ng|Oa AmhoV d `mnH$s EH$ lr. Omoer ZmdmMo aZm{Jar Eg.Q>r.Am{\$gMo
_Zw` AmhoV. naVw Vo Xwg`m JmS>rZo EH$Q>oM _w~Bg Jooco.
gm`H$mir 5 dmOon`V [acr\$ JmS>rMr dmQ> nmhZ eodQ>r H$Q>miyZ AmhmnH$s 4 Bg_ EH$
noec Q>gr XmgJmdmhZ KoD$Z _hmS>`m Eg.Q>r.`m Am{\$gaZm OmD$Z ôQ>co. gd hH$sH$V
Am{\$ga`m H$mZr KmVcr. naVw ~oH$ S>mD$ZMm [anmoQ> Amhmg AJmoXa {_imcm Zmhr. Vmo AmVmM
hUOo gm`H$mir 6 dmOVm {_imcm AmVm `dWm H$aUma AmhmoV Agm Q>mimQ>mirMm O~m~ {Xcm.
eodQ>r 6&& dmOVm EH$ noQ>mocda MmcUmar JmS>r XoUoV Amcr. Vr XmgJmdcm òD$Z amr 7 dmOVm
gd CVm$ cmoH$ `m JmS>rZo {ZKmco d amr 12.30 dmOVm _w~Bg òD$Z nmohmoMco.
XmgJmd Vo _hmS>cm noec Q> grcm 6 nò IM Amcm. Vmohr CVm$gM gmogmdm cmJcm. d Vo Oa
_wm_ JmS>r KoD$Z _hmS> Am{\$gmV Joco ZgVo Va Vr gd am gdmZm XmgJmd òWo Am{edm` VS>\$S>V
a`mdaM H$mT>mdr cmJcr AgVr. aZm{Jar Egog _w~ Bg gm`H$mir 8 dmOVm `md`mMr AgVo.
`m_wio cmoH$ OmV ^mS>o XoD$Zhr cdH$a nmohmoMVm `mdo hUyZ d doido a H$m_mH$[aVm OmVm òBc
`m
BN>Zo o `m Egog JmS>rZo òVmV; naVw `mMr hr da {c{h`m_mUo `dWm hmoD$Z mg d hmc gmogZy
{edm` doido a nmohmoMVm Z Am`m_wi,o `m`m H$m_mVhr ZwH$gmZ hmoV.o `mcm Cnm` H$m` ?
Amhr OmV MmO XoD$Z EgogZo Amcmo naVw Amhmcm mg gmogyZ Adoir _w~Bg `mdo cmJco
d hm dmg ng|Oa JmS>r_mUo AmS>uZarM Pmcm. Var Amhm gdmg \$$ Am{S>Zar {VH$sQ> MmO
H$$Z Am_Mo Oo OmV ngo IM Pmco Vo Amhmg ar\$S> hUyZ òH$ {VH$sQ> KoUmamg naV {_imdoV
Aer {dZVr Amho.
H$imdo ho {dZVr, Amnco Z_,
Imcr `mMr Zmdo {c{hcr AmhoV `m cmoH$mZr `j JmS>rV Or VH$ma {c{hcr `mda gm
Ho$`m AmhoV. Vmo H$mJX gmo~V OmoS>rV AmhmoV d `m gwdmM Vrda \$$ `mMr Zmdo {c{hV AmhmoV.
Ah_X, agy\$, XmdV, aZm{Jar,
lr. _gyaH$a, _w~B
n[a{e> - 3 / 329
_hmXod grVmam_ Im_H$a.

lr. T>mnao
B{Xam neam_ ImS>oH$a. ImZy, aZm{Jar
lr. eodS>o
JUnV am_^mD$ ~co
XmOr g^y H$X_
VwH$mam_ {^H$mOr MhmU
~m~y ~Zmnm gmamnwao
eH$a Ym|Sy> OJVmn (_hmS>)
S>r. Or. gm~io
lr. Xmò
lr. _ohVm (~r.E.) _hmS>, `mnmar.
darc_mUo gm _yi H$mJXmda AmhoV. n`dhmamH$arVm nmm Imcr XoV AmhmoV. lr. {d>c
JUoe Omoer d lr. _gyaH$a C/o OZmVl_, daMr Amir, KmUoH$a `mMo Ka Z.2449, _w. nmo. Vm.
{O. aZm{Jar
Amncm Z_,
{d. J. Omoer
D D D
A^J
dm_r Zm_ Jmd|, dm_r $n `md| & aJmo{Z`m Omd| dm_r $nt && 1
dm_tMo JwUJmZ, H$amd| dmM|gr & dm_tMo brbogr ldUt EoH$m && 2
dm_r d$nt _Z Kmbm JwVdmoZ & ~w{ {Mm nyU âm VoW &&
dm_r nm`t gmJ AhH$ma gmS>m & dm_rgr Am|dmim gmo@h Xrn| && 4
Am_`moVr, {Z` nmOimoZr AmV & `mZ _mJu aV hm ao hm ao && 5
VZw, _Zw, ^md| Ôm ao dm_rgr & H$am ao _w$sgr Xmg hUo &&
&& lrgMaUmaqdXmnU_Vw&&
330 && MV`gy` &&
n[a{e> H$. 4
lr_hmamOmZm Ambobr no
n H$.
01.
02.
03.
04.
05.
06.
07.
08.
09.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
ofH$
n> H$.
lrdm_r d$nmZX
lrdm_r d$nmZX
lrdm_r d$nmZX
lrdm_r d$nmZX
lrgV H$mH$m H$maImZrg
lrgV {XJ~a~m~m dhmiH$a
H$. `y. Eg. d
lr. Zm. {e. nQ>dYZ Xr{jV
lrgV grVmam_~wdm dmbmdbH$a
lrgV grVmam_~wdm dmbmdbH$a
lr. J. am. ZmBH$
lr. H$m. X. Jo
lr. Or. Or. AmioH$a
lr. {d>b EH$ZmW Hw$bH$Uu
lr. {d>b EH$ZmW Hw$bH$Uu
lr. aKwZmWamd Ho$ed Omoer
332
333
334
336
336
337
338
339
340
340
341
342
343
344
345
347
Q>rn : Cnamo$ gd no H$mZm_moMmhr ~Xb Z H$aVm _yi ~ahHy$_ N>mnbobr AmhoV.
n[a{e> - 4 / 331
1.
ofH$ : lrdm_r d$nmZX, nmdg, aZm{Jar
C/o
&& O` _mVmOr &&

&& VV gV&&
XogmB ~Yw
nmdg,
{X. 21.8.1954
gw-_wm{H$V gV {XJ~aXmg & Agmo dpV jo_ ZH$m hmoD$ CXmg
&& 1 &&
gw d$n ~m~m Pmco g_m{YW & gV {e` AmnU H$m Jm hmdo AdW
&& 2&&
Amnwco _aU `mZr Xo{Ico S>mi

o m & {OVonUr ^mo{Jcm _aUmMm gmohim
&& 3 &&
_mamoZr _`yVo OJr A_a Oo Pmco & nS>mo Xoh `mMm nar Vo Zmhr Joco
&& 4 &&
Am_-$nr d{m `mMr OS>cr {Z` & Xohr {dXohd V`m cm^co g`
&& 5 &&
g_yi Xoh^md Jocm hUmo{Z`m nmhr & {X$mcmMo Zmd VoWo Cao{MZm H$mhr
&& 6 &&
gMco Vo EH$ ~$n {ZaVa & Agmo{Z`m Xohr ho{h Pmco VXmH$ma
&& 7 &&
{dm {h gH$Q> gd Am_$n Pmco & O_ Am{U _aU V`m H$moR>o Caco
&& 8 &&
doS>r _m`m nmhmo OmB Wyc Xoh-`>r & >rcmJr Z {Xgo hUwZr Ord hmo` H$>r
&& 9&&
g-d$n Zmhr gy_ Zm Wyi & dUmd`m V`m _mPr dmMm Xw~i
&& 10 &&
h[a: Ah_m_m XmI{dcr IyU & ahmdo {ZaVa ^mdo VrM cjyZ
&& 11 &&
{Z`-gwImMo {dlmVrMo EH${M Vo WmZ & ZmXo AI{S>V VoWo na_ g_mYmZ
&& 12&&
ZH$mo Vwhm gykm gmJmd`m gdWm & {eH${dVmo Amhr ho Vmo Amnw`m {Mmm
&& 13&&
g ~m~mMo H$$ nw`-_aU & nHw$gw_mOcr ^mdo MaUr dmhZ
&& 14 &&
dm_r hUo Amhr-Vwhr Zm__m {^ & ZmXo gwnX gdmR>m`r A{^
&& 15 &&
d$nmZX
332 && MV`gy` &&
2.
&& O` _mVmOr&&
nmdg, aZm{Jar
{XZmH$ 26.12.1957
{` lrgV {XJ~aXmg {d>camdOr Omoer `mgr lrJw_aUnydH$ go_ AZoH$ AmerdmX.

{deof.
BeH$noZo BH$S>rc gd jo_. Vw_Mr gd no nmoMcr. lr. ^mD$amd XogmB `mO~amo~a nw`mhZ
ltMm AJmam d gmX nmR>{dcmV Vmo{h {_imcm. _OH$Sy>Z Vwhmg doimodoir nmMr Cmao {c{hcr
OmV Zgcr, Var amoO gm`mWZo`m doir Vw_Mr AmR>dU lrkmZoa VwH$mam_m{X gV_S>ir g_doV
{Z`{Z`_mZo hmoVM AgVo.
ltMm O`VrCgd nw`mg An _mUmda gmOam Pmcm. `mMm dmmV lr. ^mD$amd `mOH$Sy>Z
g_Ocm hmoVmM. AmVm lrgV gw {XJ~a ~m~m `mMm nw`{V{WCgd gmOam H$arV Amhm ho nmhZ
g_mYmZ dmQ>Vo. `m `moJo n[agamVrc gmYH$ Ordm`m CVrcm gmhm`M hmoUma Amho. `mgJr
AmnU gdmZrM lrJwMo _aU H$$Z `mg ^{$^mdmZo dXZ H$$.
H$$ Z_H$ma {Z` {ZaVa & gV {XJ~a ~m~mcmJr
~m~mcmJr H$m` `mdo EH$XmM & V`mMr òVmM nw`{VWr
nw`{VWr {XZ {deofo nmdZ & KS>mdo qMVZ nar {Z`
{Z` gmo@h ^mdo H$$ `m _aU & g_yi gmSy>Z AhH$ma
AhH$mao Amco Ordmgt ~YZ & òhdr Vmo OmU {Z`_w$
{Z` _w$ nar Pmcm XohYmar & JwVcm ggmar _m`m `moJo
_m`m`moJo Ah__dmMo nmer & ~mYr AmnUmgr AmnU{M
AmnU{M Pmcm Amnwcm h`mam & _mS>m{o Z ngmam gH$nmMm
gH$n-{dH$n ~mYmo{Z JmR>rg & ^moJr amXrg ^d-Xw:I
^d-Xw:Im_mOr gmH$S>cm Ord & hUo Jm gmoS>rd Jwam`m
Jwam`m Xmm {XJ~am Ymd & gmnS>cmo ^d-dJm_mOr
dJm_mOr gwI ~mocVr dMZ & nw` hmoVm jrU Voh r Om`
Vohr Om` AVt hUmo{Z _mJwVr & Xod{h dm{N>Vr _`wcmoH$
_`wcmoH$s O_ Kodmo{Z`m `mdo & _J _w$ hmdo Am_kmZo
Am_kmZo _w{$ Am_kmZo ^{$ & Am_kmZo em{V _oidmdr
_oidm`m emVr EH${M gmYZ & lrJwMaU Cnmgmdo
n[a{e> - 4 / 333
&& 1 &&
&& 2 &&
&& 3 &&
&& 4 &&
&& 5 &&
&& 6 &&
&& 7 &&
&& 8 &&
&& 9 &&
&& 10 &&
&& 11 &&
&& 12 &&
&& 13 &&
&& 14 &&
&& 15 &&
&& 16&&
Cnm{gVm ^mdo lrJw$Mo nm` & g Vmo hmo` ^m{dH$mgr

^m{dH$mgr Vmo{M XoB Am_kmZ & em{Vg_mYmZ AI{S>V
AI{S>V _y{V lrJwMr `mD$$& VoUo Y` hmoD$ dm_r hUo
&& 17 &&
&& 18 &&
&& 19 &&
VoWrc gd ~miJmonmimg go_ Am{edmX. nmdg òWo Amncm _w$m_ `m Ionog MmaXmoZ {Xdg
Amho, Ago lr. ^mD$amd hUV hmoVo. AmZX Amho. ahmdo, ho Am{edmX.
Amncm,
d$nmZX
3.
&& O` _mVmOr&&
nmdg,
{XZmH$ : 28.8.1958
dpV lr{XJ~aXmg & Y` Vw_Mm o_mohmg &
gwgodm hm{M `mg & cmJcm Vwhmg {ZaVa
gwM
o nw`_aU & gwZm_gH$sVZ &
gwJwUmZwdmXJmZ & ldU _ZZ gwM
o
gw^$m nmMmamdo & V`mgmJmVr ÔZ H$amdo &
ÔZaJo aJmo{Z Omdo & aJr {dgamdo Xoh^mZ
lrJwnXr AmdVZ & OnOm` nyOmAMZ &
Yyn Xrn Zdog_nU & hmodmo{Z VrZ H$amdo ho
gdmg_doV VrW `mdo & _J gmXm godmdo &
gd^d dmT>dmdo & N>X d^mdo Vw_Mm hm
Agmo ^$mMo _ZmoJV & nwa{dVm lrg g_W &
Xod^$ Eogo V & Xmdmo{Z IoiV dò Vmo {M
O` O` lrg_y{V & dmgwXdo mZV gadVr &
Xodmhr Xwc^ Or _w{$ & ^$m gwc^ Vr Vw{P`m H$no
Vw{P`m H$no AkmZ{V{_a & jUmYmV cmono gn[adma &
òVm CX`m{dar {XZH$a & cmonVmo AYma Oem arVr
334 && MV`gy` &&
&& 1 &&
&& 2 &&
&& 3 &&
&& 4 &&
&& 5 &&
&& 6 &&
&& 7 &&
&& 8 &&
Vgo lrgMo XeZ & KS>o Z KS>o Od EH$ jU &

Vd OrdJ{W ghO| gwQ>moZ & VwQ>o ^d~YZ EH$gao
nmKamo{Z Xohm{X Cnm{Y & Ord JwVmo{Z Jocm {ewr &
_r _mPo Eo{g`m T>~
w r & {dgacm ew{ d$nmMr
_mPm Xoh _mPm ggma & _mPo Ka _mPm n[adma &
Eogm Ah__dmMm Omoa & JwVdr ^Jwa gwIXw:Ir
jUH$ gwI ^moJy Omdo & Vd Anma Xw:I nwT>o R>mH$mdo &
_J PwO KoVm V`mgdo & gdWm {eUmdo Ord_mo
Eogm ^dXw:Ir {eUcm & gwgr eaU Amcm &
VoUo gH$n hmodmoZ V`mcm & d^mdo Ho$cm {ZO~moY
AVar hmoVm {ZO~moY & _mdio AmKdm ôXmôX &
gdm^yVr EH$cm JmoqdX & H$Q>Vmo H$X dmZXmMm
gwH$nm Eogr Wmoa & ~m{XH$m Z H$io nma &
Aj`gwI Xodmo{Z Anma & Ordm ncnma nmddr Or
hUmo{Z`m {Z` Zdo & gw-nw`_aU H$amdo &
AZ`^mdo eaU Omdo & O_mo{Z hmdo H$VH$m`
Agmo, Xoh| ~gcmo òW & Var _Zmo_mJ] dmdamo{Z VoW &
gH$i ~miJmonmimg{hV & AmZXo cwQ>rV o_aJ
dm_r hUo lrJw_y{V & dmgwXdo mZV gadVr &
MaUr R>do mo{Z ^md^{$ & na_ em{VgwI ^moJy
&& 9 &&
&& 10 &&
&& 11 &&
&& 12 &&
&& 13 &&
&& 14 &&
&& 15 &&
&& 16 &&
&& 17 &&
&& 18 &&
VoWrc gH$c ~mcJmonmcmg h[a_aUnydH$ o_merdmX.

H$imdo, ho AmerdmX.
Amncm,
d$nmZX
n[a{e> - 4 / 335
4.
&& O` _mVmOr&&
nmdg,
{XZmH$ 30/3/1959
{`lr gV {XJ~aXmg {d>camdOr Omoer `mgr h[a_aUnydH$ AZoH$ AmerdmX {deof.

BeH$noZo BH$S>rc gd jo_. _w~BhZ Amcocr Vw_Mr Xmohr no nmoMcr. {MH$ma lr. Jmo{cdS>oH$a
`mMohr n, _mMMo n{hbo AmR>dS>mV {_imco hmoVo. `mZr AmVm E{cMo n{hco AmR>dS>mV òVmo,
Ago {c{hco Amho. Agmo.
Vwhr lrg~m~m _hmamOmMo ^` g_m{Y_{XamMo d `m`m AmOy~mOy`m Imo`mMo ~mYH$m_
hmVr KoVco Amho, Vr ltMrM oaUm Ag`m_wio Vo {grg Zo`mg lrM g_W AmhoV. `mMr godm
H$a`mMo ^m` Vwhmg cm^`m_wio Vw_Mo OrdZ H$VmW Pmco Amho.
XodmMo d^d gm^mimdo & `yZnyU nS>m|{M ZoXmdo &
MT>Vo dmT>Vo dmT>dmdo & ÔZ XodmMo && 1 &&
O``m nd] _hmogd & Ag^m` Mmcdr d^d &
O| XoIVm dJvMo Xod & VQ>W hmoVr && 2 &&
gd _S>irg AmerdmX. H$imdo ho AmerdmX.

Amncm,
d$nmZX
5.
ofH$ $: lrgV H$mH$m H$maImZrg, doimnya
&& lram_&&
doimnya,
{XZmH$ 14. 9. 1965
""Eoer H$id`mMr Om{V H$ar cm^mdrU r{V'' lr. Jw. {d>camd `mgr o_mXanydH$ gm.Z.{d.{d.
H$mc amr _wirM Pmoncmo Zmhr; nhmQ>o _moR>m o_mZo Vw_Mr AmR>dU Pmcr d da CV Ho$coco
lr.Vw._.Mo MaU AmR>dco d AV:H$aU o_mZo ^$Z Amco.
Vw_Mo n nmohmoMco. AmO ^mJdV 11 d _H$agH$ mV - OrdmMo Jwd$nmV gH$ _U hUOoM na_
H$`mU - lr~m~mMo ~md$n d VgoM
lrA$cH$moQ>{Zdmgr dm_tMo ~md$n hUOo {edmMo
Eo` - aH$mcm am` XoD$Z dV: _m Zm_m{Zamio.
336 && MV`gy` &&
dmZX{Zdmgr OmoJ_hmamO `mMr nw`{VWr _mK d 1. `mdoir ~hVoH$ _r AmiXrg OmD$Z

g_mYrMo XeZ KoV AgVmo; gmYco Va òUma Amho. Vw_Mr ôQ> hmoBcM; {gôQ> H$m`_MrM Amho.
Ammm _mPo OmJoV òWrc nmoQ>c Amoha{gà (nmoQ>_Z cmoH$mdaMo A{YH$mar) lr. ~. Xm.
Hw$cH$Uu (EH$ Xm^$, lrJmUJmnyaMr dmar H$aUmao) lrJwM[a JWmMo nmamÙ H$arV AmhoV. nhmQ>o
5 dm. gw$ Pmco. Ammm (11.30 dm.) 28 dm A`m` gw$ Amho. Vwhr _ZmZo òWo AmhmVM.
Ag`m H$m`mV Vw_`m ghmZw^w{VMr {deof Amd`H$Vm AgVo.
OJmV nwH$i cmoH$ ~XcVmV. nU Vw_Mm _m _O~cMm Jh, n[aM` Pm`mnmgyZ AmOVmJm`V
Amho VgmM H$m`_ Amho d hr Jmo> _m`m ^mdr A`mp_H$ JVrg \$ma nmofH$ Amho.
_cm g`m 58 do df nyao hmoD$Z 59 do cmJco. (H$m{VH$ d 11 O.) VrZ `mo{VfmZr _cm Ago
gm{JVco H$s 60 do df nyU Pmco H$s nyUmdWm m hmoBc. nU _cm Ago dmQ>Vo H$s `m cmoH$mZm
Agco {dMmaUmao {JhmBH$ WmoS>o, `m_wio `mZm `mVco H$mhr H$iV Agoc Ago {XgV Zmhr. nU
ew^ ~mocVmV ho H$m` WmoS>o Amho! Agmo.
nMmV maY d na_mWmV nwfmW Ago H$mhr hUVmV. Vwhmcm OmV H$iVo Ago _mPo _V Amho.
nmam Vwhmcm {eH$d`mMm Amd AmUcm Amho `m~c amJ _mZy Zò. AZwamJ H$amdm Aer
o_mMr {dZVr Amho. gd n[a{MVmg A{YH$manado gm. Z_H$ma d AmerdmX.
Amnco Zohm{H$V,
J. `. H$maImZrg
6.
ofH$ $: lrgV dhmiH$a~wdm, gmdS>}, {MniyU
lmdU d.&& 14
{MaOrd {dO`r ^d am.{d>c JUoe Omoer, _w$m_ aZm{Jar `mg ltMo AZV AmgradmX, {d&&
Amnco n nmoMco. ~m~m ao, ~wpYg{hV _Z {dao & {damoZr d H$met Cao & Vo{M d$n OmU
{ZYmao & ~m_ Eo` &
hUOo _ZgVw nam~wpY & `mo ~w{Y: naVVw g: &
gmo@h `mV gmo Q>m{H$Vm, Ah hUOo Ah gd` ^dmo _V: & gd dVVo `mV H$m` ~moY hmoVmo V|M
Vy Amhog. ho Amnco `mZmV òBcM. Agmo.
{OVwH|$ OmUmoZr gm{S>co & {VVHo$ ` Amocm{S>co && nm`mV ~wS>mcocm Bg_ _r Imoc nm`mV
n[a{e> - 4 / 337
~wS>mcmo hUyZ Hw$Umcm gmJUma EdT>mM `mV {dMma Amho. n{dVma eXmZo {chmdm VodT>m WmoS>mM
Amho. Agmo. Amncm AmnUM Amho. {dmV `mer ^mdZm `` {g{^d{V Vmer - òW AmKdr
{dnmr {dgarOo & gmZnU nhm gm{S>Oo & O OJm YmHw$Q>o hmoBOo & V| OdirH$ _mPr && kmZoar.Agmo.
_mJrc nr gd Iwcmgm Amho Vmo nwhm nwhm nhmdm. ~hV H$m` {c{hUo ho AmgradmX. hcr _mPm
_wH$m_ H$m`mg Amho. nm{U_m Pm`mZVa naV gmdS>mg OmBZ. H$Vr gwYmaUm ~ar Amho.
amOm{YamO `moJramO lrdm_r g_W _hmamO H$s O` &
Amncm,
am_M Zaqgh dhmiH$a
7.
ofH$ : H$Q>Z `w. Eg. d , R>mUo
&& lr &&
From
R>mUo,
~wYdma 30.4.80
H$Q>Z `w. Eg. d

~r 2/5 {dOrV hmqgJ gmogm`Q>r
dra gmdaH$a _mJ noQ>moc nnmOdi
ZmnmS>m, R>mUo - 400 602.
am. am. {d>camd _hmamO `mg

go_ gmXa Um_.
ZwH$VmM _r d _mPr nZr gm. Hw$gy_ (nydml_rMr Hw$gy_ Omoer) aZm{Jarg Jocmo hmoVmo, `mdoir
Vr d am. ZmZm {XjrVMr nZr Vw_`m XeZmgmR>r S>oadUcm OmD$Z Am`m. _mhoadmerU hUyZ Vwhr
{Vcm gmS>r Mmoir, AmoQ>r ^$Z da ImD$gmR>r {Vcm d _m`mH$aVmhr ngo {XcoV. _mPrhr Vw_`m
ôQ>rg `m`Mr \$ma BN>m hmoVr. naVw _m`m OI_r nm`m_wio òD$ eH$cmo Zmhr. Vw_Mr o_i d
AmXanydH$ dmJUyH$ nmhZ _mPohr AV:H$aU ^$Z Amco d Amncr H$VkVm `$ H$amdr hUyZ _r
naV BW _w~BV Am`mda Vwhmcm n {chm`cm KoVco. H$er gwadmV H$amdr VoM g_OoZm. Q>rg_moa
Amn`m chmZnUMm H$mi C^m am{hcm. n`m`m AmirVcr d BVa {R>H$mUMr XJm_Vr, Ioi,
~XyH$ CS>m`mda Amncr nmocrg MmH$sdaMr hmOar - EH$ Zm XmoZ, ZmZm ò ZOaog_moa {Xgy
cmJcr. n {c{hVmZm Vwhmcm Vy hUyZ g~moYmdo H$s Vwhr qH$dm AmnU hUmdo H$s _hmamO hUmdo
338 && MV`gy` &&
V|M g_OoZmgo Pmc|. Vwhr AmR>dU R>odyZ ZmZmH$S>o, Xm_wAUm AmR>d`mH$S>o, q~H$ JmoS>~mo`mH$S>o
d BVahr Amn`m ~amo~a`m XmoZ Mma {_mH$S>o _mPr MmH$er Ho$crV. ~ao dmQ>co. Vwhr na_mW
_mJmH$S>o H$m, H$go JocmV, Ho$hm JocmV, Vo _cm _mhrV Zmhr. naVw Omo _mJ MmoImicmV `mV Cm_
è, Anyd Zmdcm{H$H$ gnmXZ Ho$cmV EoHy$Zgwm Zoho_r AmZXM dmQ>cm. g_mYmZ dmQ>co. _r
1930 gmcr aZm{Jar gmoS>cr. Vm`mamd gmdaH$a `mdoir _m`m _Y`m AmirVrc KamV
{~hmS>H$$ hmoVo. `m`m oaUoZo _r _{Q>H$ Pm`mda ~mhoa nS>cmo d Am_u_ò XmIc Pmcmo.
gwadmVrMo Q>oqZJ _wama (dmhoa) d Pmercm nyU H$$Z nwT>rc 25-30 df} Cma qhXwVmZ, dm``
gah mV d 5-5&& df} naXoemV am{hcmo. Xwg`m _hm`wmV XmoZ VrZXm O~a OI_r hmoD$Z,
dXoer 44 gmcr Amcmo. Am_uMo noZeZ KoD$Z B{S>AZ nmocrg gphg_ò Zo_UyH$ hmoD$Z AmJm;
ZmerH$`m S>m. _wO|`m {_crQ>ar Hy$cda H$_mS>Q> hUyZ Amcmo. nwT>o ZmJnyacm hmo_ JmS>g_ò noS>
Am\$sga hUyZ hm~mX nmocrg AeZ_ò H$m_ H$amdo cmJco. `mZVa amOWmZ, gmam>, JwOamV
d _amR>dmS>mVhr `mM H$m_mda hmoVmo. ZVa _m {gphc noZeZ KoD$Z [aQ>mà Pmcmo. Agm Amho
_mPm WmoS>`mV B{Vhmg. _`Var 1940 gmcr c H$$Z AmR>`m {XderM naXoemV Jocmo. AVw.
_cm EH$ _wcJr d VrZ _wcJo AmhoV. _wcJr JwhmJa`m {XjrVmH$S>o {Xcr Amho. g`m Vr hXam~mXog
AgVo. {Vhr _wcmMr co hmoD$Z ZmVdS>ohr AmhoV. {_iyZ gd R>rH$ Amho. aZm{Jarcm ~hYm Xadfu
_r d gm. Hw$gy_ OmVmoM. {VH$S>o Jocmo H$t gd OmJr ^Q>H$Vmo, Ow`m AmR>dUr ZOaog_moa òVmV.
{eH$ am{hco`m {_ _S>itZm ôQ>Vmo. _Zmcm Iyn g_mYmZ hmoVo. AVw.
Amncr `j ôQ> hmdr Aer \$ma BN>m Amho, Ho$hm `moJ òVmo Vo nmh.
nwZ EH$Xm Vw_Mo H$VkVmnydH$ Am^ma _mZyZ n gn{dVmo.
Amncm,
Cdamd {gVmam_ d
8.
ofH$ : Zm. {e. nQ>dYZ {X{jV
&&lrgdoZ_: &&
aZm{Jar
Vm. 9.6.59
lr. am. am. lrg^$ AUm `m{g H$. {e. gm. Z. {d. {d. AmnU _w~BhZ nmR>{dcoco H$mS>
{_imco. lrWmZm{Vc H$m`H$_ `dWrV gw$ AmhoV. JwZmW ~am Amho. AOyZ ZdrZ {ngo òD$
cmJcocr ZmhrV. AmfY gw$ Amho. lr am_Xmg dm{_ _hmamO `mMo gmZ JS>mdarc lr lrYa
n[a{e> - 4 / 339
dm{_ _hmamO ZwH$VoM aZm{Jarg 4 {Xdg _w$m_ H$$Z Joco. BH$S>o nmD$g ~oVmMmM nS>V Amho.
~m{H$ {deof Zmhr. H$. H$. cmo. A. ho {dZVr.
Amncm AmkmYmaH$,
Zm. {e. nQ>dYZ {X{jV
3014 {Q>iH$ Amir
aZm{Jar.
9.
ofH$ : lrgV {gVmam_~wdm dmcmdcH$a
&& lr &&
Vm. 7-9-60
lr. am. am. Omoer^mD$ `mgr gm>mJ Z_H$ma
hr Amncr Iwemcr ~aoM {Xdg g_Ocr Zmhr Var H$nmH$$Z IwemcrMo n `mdo Aer {dZVr
Amho lr gw ~m~mMm gmX ~mnQ> `mMo Odi nmR>{dcocm nmohmoMcm Xwgam _OHw$a 4 JwR>o _R>mMo
O{_Zr~c lr. aKwZmW e|~H$a `mg Vw_Mr VH$ma H$mhr Ag`mg 1 _{h`mMo AmV Zm|X H$amdr
Aer ZmoQ>rg Amcocr Amho. `md$Z ^`H$a gVmn Pmcm Amho. `m ZmoQ>rerMr V dmgwXod `mg
H$idr`mH$[aVm nmo>mZo _w~Bg `mZr nmR>{dcr Amho. d Amhmg _R> Am_`m O_rZrVyZ CR>D$Z
KoD$Z Om. \$$ g_mYr VodT>r Om`mda R>odm. Agm {Zamon nmR>{dcm Amho. _or cmoH$mZmhr Y_H$s
XoV AmhoV. Vwhr gmo~V Ho${c ZgVr Va Vo BWo am{hco ZgVo. dJao ~S>~S> Mmcy Amho. 1 _{h`mZVa
H$m` O~m~ _m_coXmamg_moa XoVmV Vo g_OocM. ~mH$s _mVa, ZmZm e|~oH$a _or dJaoMm AmnUmg
gm>mJ Z_H$ma. Am_Mr H$Vr MmJcr Amho. AmnU Amn`m H$Vrg OnyZ dmg H$amdm.
H$imdo ho {dZVr.
{gVmam_~wdm dmcmdcH$a
10.
ofH$ : lrgV {gVmam_~wdm dmcmdcH$a
&& lr &&
Vm. 7-11-60
lr. am. am. Omoer^mD$ `mgr gragm>mJ Z_H$ma
AmnU nmR>{dcoco n nmohm|Mco. lrgw _hmamOmMo O`VrMm Cgmh Pmcm AgocM. Am_Mo
340 && MV`gy` &&
MaUr gm>mJ Z_H$ma gmJmdo. lr. am. am. ^m{Q>dS>oH$a `mMo ô{Q>g AmOM OmV Amh|. AOyZ Vm[aI
cmJcocr Zmhr. BVa {R>H$mUr Vnmg H$aVm _R>m Im{cc {~ZeoVr cmQ>cm Hw$i H$m`Xm cmJw Zmht `m
4 & JwR>mg Am_Mo Hw$i hUyZ Zmd cmJUma Zmht \$ma Va d{hdmQ>Xma hUyZ Zmd cmJoc ~mH$s 7
Am~o, 5 Zmair, 1 \$Ug {d{ha ht 4 & JwR>mMo ~mhoa AmhoV Vr Am_Mo Zmdo AmhoV Vr gd O_rZ 10
JwR>o âoc Vr ~mhoaMr O_rZ Am_Mo Zmdo Zmhr hmM _moR>m Amho Vr O_rZ Am_Mo Zmdo cmJy eHo$c
H$s H$m` hm {ZU` _m_coXma `mModa Adc~yZ Amho. PmS>o Am_Mo Zmdo AmhoV Vohm PmS>mImcMr
O_rZ d{hdmQ>rZ| Hy$i hUyZ Am_Mo Zmd| cmJmdr Aer VH$ma H$amdr cmJoc. H$m` hmoVo Vo nmhmdo.
~mH$s _or, gwd}, Xmm_mVa, ZmZm eo~H$a, lrnmX `mMo AmnUmg gm>mJ Z_H$ma. lrnmX `mg
aKwZmW `mZr ZXm{Xn cmdUog ~Xr Ho$cr Amho. Am_Mo g_BV Omoer `mMm ZXm{Xn cmdy ZH$mo nm{hOo
Agoc Va dV cmd.
H$imdo ho {dZVr.
{gVmam_~wdm dmcmdcH$a
11.
ofH$ : lr. J. am. ZmBH$
&& &&
293,295 VmS>Xdo amoS>,
_w~ B - 7
{XZmH$ : 23.6.53
lrgw Omoer gmho~ `mgr, gm. Z. {d. {d.

Amnco H$nmn nmohmoMco. Cma nmR>{d`mg {dc~ cmJcm. lrdm_r^$ _a~ir `mMoH$Sy>Z
g{dVa hH$sJV H$icrM Agoc. lrdm_tMr {V_m-n|Q>tJ - ewH$ (dma) 19 VmaIoamoOr amm 12
dmOVm nwar Pmcr. `mMr WmnZm d n{hcr nwOm Amnco hmVyZ hmdr Aer gdmMr BN>m Amho.
Am{Q>Q> lr.MeoIa ZmS>H$Uu `mZr Amnco gnyU X`M OUy H$m` `m n|Q>tJ_ò AmoVco Amho Ago
dmQV|. AmnU `mc d nhmc `mdoir AmnUmg IamM AmZX hmoBc. lr. h. ^. n. do. em. g.
AUmgmho~ H$m_V g`m {dconmc} òWo lr.{dUynV H$m_V `mMoH$S>o AmhoV Ago H$iVo.
lr A$cH$moQ>Mo lrJOmZZ _hmamO `mZm `m ~m~V H$i{dco Amho. naVw Vo _w~BV Ho$hm òVrc Vo
{Z{V Zmhr. Vohm AmnUM `m H$m`mg `mdo d dm_t`m Xa~mamV dm_tZm ~gdyZ nwOoMr gwadmV
H$amdr. lr._wa~ir `mZm dm_tMm AmXoe Amho H$s, ""gd {Xdg _mPoM AmhoV. `m H$m_mcm _whV
n[a{e> - 4 / 341
ZH$mo. H$moUVmhr {Xdg Z$s H$am.'' Vohm Omo doi d {Xdg AmnU R>admc Vmo lr AmOmo~mZm _m`
hmoBc. hm g_ma^ H$moUVmhr JmOmdmOm Z H$[aVm AJXt ImOJr H$mao hmoUma Ag`m_wi| AmnU
_witM AZw_mZ H$$ Zò d Ogo AmnUmg e` hmoBc `m {Xder `mdo. VgoM AmOmo~mZm Hw$R>|
~gdmd| d `m ~m~V Amn`m gyMZm H$i{dU|. AmnU gmJmc `m_mUo gd `dWm hmoBc.
A`mgmg gwdmV Ho$cr Amho. AmVm 15 {_{ZQ>o H$_tVH$_r ~am A`mg hmoVmo. lr. namOno g`m
noU òWo AmhoV. lr. ImZ{dcH$a ewH$dmaMo òVmV. lr. MmXoaH$a d lr. AUo{Jar lrJm|Xo òWo
lrg_mYr WmnZo{`W Joco AmhoV Vmo Cgd 25 VmarI, Jwdmar _w`V: Amho. Amnco nmMr
Amhr dmQ> nhmV AmhmoV.
- ZmBH$
(lr. J. am. ZmBH$ ho lrdm_r g_WmZm "lrAmOmo~m' Ago g~{YV AgV.)
12.
ofH$ : lr. H$m. X. Jo
&& lr &&
570 {edmOr ZJa, aZm{Jar.
{XZmH$ 8.7.55
1) Jw~Yy am. am. {d>camd D$\$ AUm `mg gm. Z.

Amnco n {M. am. OZy {MniyUH$a `mg Amco. `mZo Amncr Iwemcr gm{JVcr. d g{dVa n
nmR>{d`mg AmnU {c{h`mMo gm{JVco.
2) BH$S>rc gd jo_ Agmo. _r _YyZ Ho$hmVar JmdmV Jo`mg ZmZm {X{jVmH$S>o OmVm| d XeZ
KoD$Z òVm|. noeZcm _m R>am{dH$ doit OmVm|. Vohm VoW| OmVm|. Am_Mr _S>ir Jo`m _{h`mMo 14
VmaIog O`JS>mg Jocr AmhoV. 2/4 {XdgmV òVrc Agm VH$ Amho. KamOdirc ^mVmMr S>~H$s _r
_hmXod JS>mMo _XVrZ| cmdcr AmhoV d ^mV eoV eH$a Vocr `mO~amo~a AYcr - dmQ>mZo Ho$c| Amho.
~mH$s gd R>rH$ Mmcc| Amho. `Xm WmoS>m Am`mMm `mnma Ho$cm hmoVm `mV 20/25 nò {_imco.
3) nw`mhZ am. am. Am~oH$a `mMo ghrM| EH$ nH$ Amc| Amho d `mV Jw. am. am. ~m~mMr W_
nw`{VWr 7/8/55 cm nw`mg hmd`mMr AgyZ `mgmR>r g{_Vr Zo_cr Amho. godm nmR>dmdr Agm
_OHy$a Amho. AmnU `mdoir nw`mg OmUma Amhm Ago OZy`m nmV Amho Ago Vmo hUmcm.
Jw. am. am. ~m~mMr nw`{VWr aZm{Jar òWo gmOar hmdr Ago _mPo _ZmV Amho d AmnU òWo
AgVmZm òW| nw`{VWr H$amd`mMr Agm Amncmhr ~oV hmoVm Var Vmo H$m ~Xccm ? Jwnm{U_oMo
342 && MV`gy` &&
{Xder _mYdamd JmoS>~moco _OH$S>o Amco hmoV|. `mZr AmUcocr Jwcm~mMr \w$co Jw. am. am. ~m~mMo
\$moQ>mocm dm{hcr. AmVm d && 3 cm ZmZm {X{jV ho _OH$S>o òVrc d JwnZr gm.XwJmVmBMo lmm{Z{_m
`mg XyY d XjUm XoBZ. BH$S>o nmD$g Ammmn`V MmJcm nS>V Amho.
4) na_ny` JwM[a gemoYH$ d Zm_ qMVm_UrMo coIH$ am. am. AUmgmho~ H$m_V, _~r d
BVa nyOZr` `$s `mg _mPo gm>mJ Z_H$ma gmJUo. d Am{edmX _mJUo. lr gX>JwMaUt AT>i
{Z>m amhmo Aer _mPogmR>r `mg {dZVr H$amdr.
5) AmnU 7/8/55 nwdu BH$S>o òUma H$m` ? Zg`mg nw`{VWr H$em [aVrZ| gmOar H$amdr
`m`m H$mhr gyMZm H$a`mgma`m Ag`mg H$am`m. H$imdo. nmoma `mdo. dmQ> nhmV Amho. dm_r
dnmZX, {XJ~aXmg d BVa gVgmZm`m {Z` ôQ>r AmhoVM. H$imdo cmo^ AmhoM dr hmdr hr
{dZVr. Vm. H$. : Vm.9/6/55 amoOr _mYdamd JmoS>~moco L.L.B. Pmco.
Am. Z_ Jw~Yy,
H$m. X. Jo
13.
ofH$ : lr. Or. Or. AmioH$a
&& lr g.Jw.g &&
883 gXm{ed, nwUo 2
{XZmH$ : 7.11.55
lrH$nmgmJa AIS> AZw^dr lr. n. nw. {d>camd Omoer `mg,

H$VmZoH$ go_ {eagm>mJ Z_H$ma {d. {d.
Amncr nadmZJr KoD$Z {ZKmcmo ZVa a{ddmar gH$mir òWo nmohmoMcmo. lr. am. am. `Xo `mZr
gm{JVcocm {Zamon lr. Am~oH$a `mMoH$S>o OmD$Z gm{JVcm. Am_^m nwVH$mMo chmZgo nH$
H$mT>`m~c Vo hUmco _OH$S>o H$mht Zmht. lr. nmR>H$ `m~c H$m` Vo H$aUma AmhoV. `mg
{dMmamdo `m _mUo _r lr. ZmZmgmho~ nmR>H$ `mg gmocmnwamg n nmR>{dco Amho. AmnU
lr. OJmW _hmamO nS>rV `mg n XoUma Vo _r _w~B gmoS>`mMo nydu AmnUmH$Sy>Z Ko`mMo {dgacmo
H$nm H$$Z Vgo n _cm nmR>dmdo. lr. am. am. JwOa `mg Amncm {Zamon H$i{dcm d nmmhr {Xcm
Amho. Vo hUmco cmQ>da B_maV dJao hmoUmao H$m_ Amnco hVoM hmoUma Ago lr. noR>o hUmco Vo
AmnUmg gm{JVco hmoVo.
òWo lr. ~rS>H$a _hmamO `mMo _R>mV Jwdmar OmD$Z naV òVmZm dmQ>oV _Yw XoenmS>o d {XKo ôQ>co.
n[a{e> - 4 / 343
Vo hUmco lr. {d>camd `mZr am. XmVma `mg XmoZ {M_`m {X`m hmo`m `m CSy>Z Jo`m d XmVma
AmVm ~ao AmhoV. ho `mMo ~mocUo _cm gmYo dmQ>co Zmhr. Hw$pgVnUmMo {Xgco. _r 22/11/55
amoOr Mr\$ B{O{ZAaMm Interview _m{JVcm hmoVm `mMo AmO Cma Amco H$s Ho$hmhr Am{\$g doimV
C.A.O. hoS>cmH$Mo daMo Bg_mg ôQ>mdo. H$m` H$amdo Vo H$idmdo.
H$. h[a^mD$ H$hoaH$a `mMo Z.2 Mo {MaOrd kmZoar dmMUo Mmcy H$amdo Agm BamXm Amho Var
Ho$hm gw$ H$amdo ho AmnUmg nmZo {dMmam Ag| hUm`md$Z ho {chrco Amho.
lr. Iao `mMo _ohUo am.Omoer `mMoH$S>o Agcocr ^mS>r {dH$`mg _cm gm{JVco hmoVo. Vr ^mS>r
{dH$m`Mr ZmhtV. H$mht a$_ XoD$Z Vr ^mS>r R>odmd`mMr Ago lr. \$S>Ho$ A~aZmWMo d Amnco hUUo
Amho Ago lr. lrnmXamd JmoIco hUmco.
bmQ>cm .10,000/- Mr lr.JwidUr `mMr _mJUr Pmcr. d AmnU .11,000/- XoD$ Ho$co
AmhoV Ago AUm H$mio `mMo _mS>rda amhUmao H$mio H$mc hUV hmoVo. lr~m~m`m AmJR>m H$$Z
{dH$`m. _cm `mnH$s H$mhtM _mhrV Zmht. Ago _r `mg gm{JVco. XmVma òWo Amco Ago g_Oco.
_r H$moUmH$S>ohr OmV Zmhr. lr. {MniyUH$a, dnmZX dm_r, Hw$cH$Uu I.Tax Officer `mg ôQ>`mg
Z_H$ma. CmamMr dmQ> nhmV Amho.
Or. Or. AmioH$a
14.
ofH$ : lr. {d>c EH$ZmW Hw$cH$Uu
&& lr gdoZ_:&&
lr ~m~m_hmamOg_mYr
_Xra 937 S>r.[e.ZJa
nwUo 4 Vm.17.10.57
lr dXZr` H$nmgmJa {d>camdOr Omoer _w&& aZm{Jar

dm_tMo eodogr H$VmZV gmm Z_H$ma {dZpV:ltMo H$noZ| d Am{gadmXo H$$Z Hw$ec Agmo {deof: Amnco S>oadU _w$m_rMo Vm. 7.10.57 Mo
H$nmn Vm.10 amoOr òWo {_imco. _OHy$a g_Ocm, AmZX Pmcm. _mJrc nmV {c{hco nojm OmV
H$m_ hUOo eoS> _Yrc noQ>r OmJoMo H$nmQ> V`ma Pmco, n[_~mOyg Omir _m$Z V`ma Pmcr
^mS>mH$[aVm Cma ~mOyMo n`mcJV 1 \w$Q>r \$ir _macr. d ~R>H$sMo OmJo`m darc ~mOyg nmoQ>
_mim V`ma H$$Z KoVcm. Amnco Amko _mUo ltMr godm {~ZMwH$ H$aUoMr I~aXmar KoV Amho.
lr. XmmonV ^Q>, lr. dmKgmho~, lr. S>m. Ioa, lr. Xod d lr. H$mio lr AmZXamd nmR>H$ lr. lrnmX
JmoIco lr. nmaIr _mVa lr. ~moS>gH$mH$m lr. nmZdcH$a lr. S>m. ^mJdV AmXr _S>ir {Z`
344 && MV`gy` &&
XeZmg òVmV. d H$mhr g`mH$mit ltMo AmaVrghr hOa AgVmV lr. ~mimgmmo {MVio AmO òD$Z
Joco `mZr 1/2 {XdgmV eoS>_Yrc O_rZ V`ma H$aUog gwadmV hmoBc Ago gm{JVco. _mir amoO òV
AgVmo. Amnr ZdrZ cmJdS> H$mhr Pmcr Zmhr. 1/2 {XdgmV ZdrZ ^mOr noa hmoBc. 50 Hw$S>m
AmUyZ `mV VwietMo amonmMr cmJU Pmcr VgoM ltMo _{Xam ^m|dVrhr Vwier cm{d`m AmhoV,
ZdrZ VoaS>mg \w$co òD$ cmJcr AmhoV. gd dmVmdaU emVVoMo Amho JS>~S> dJao H$mhr Zmhr.
S>mqi~ d Am~m amono cmJUrg 2/3 {XdgmV I>o KoUoMo H$m_ H$$Z KoVmo. VyV ltMo nyOog d hmamg
\w$co ~hmarMr AgVmV. eodVrg H$`m Am`m AmhoV 4-5 \w$co amoO nwOog {_iVmV. lr. ndma
_w$m_mg òWoM AgVmV amnmir gnyZ {Xdgnmir gw$ Pmcr Amho. lr _m_mgmmo Jmoao (aZm{JarMo)
AmOM ltMo XeZmg òD$Z XeZ KoD$Z Joco. `mMo ~amo~a ltMm gmX nmR>{dcm Amho Vmo VoWo
AmnUmg {_iocM. _w~BMo lr. ZmJaH$>r òWo òD$Z Joco Amnco nadmZJr mm| `mMm A{^foH$ ltMo
WmZr H$$Z gmX _w~Bg nmR>dyZ {Xcm Amho VgoM 2/3 {Xdgmnydu lr. H$o h| hr XeZmg òD$Z
Joco. A~aZmWMo S>moiohr 1/2 doim òD$Z Joco. lr. ZmZm \$S>Ho$ ho hr _`Var noec Eg.Q>r.~g
KoD$Z gw_mao 20-25 _S>itgh XeZmg òD$Z Joco. gw_mao 1 Vmg _w$m_ hmoVm.
~mH$s gd lrH$noZo R>rH$ Amho OmV H$m` {chmdo eodogr lwV hmo. ho {dkmnZm
Amncm Amkm{H$V,
{d>c EH$ZmW Hw$cH$Uu
15.
ofH$ : lr. {d>b EH$ZmW Hw$bH$Uu
&& lrgdoZ_: &&
lr gV, X`mdV, H$nmgmJa
lr.{d>camdOr Omoer
_w. aZm{Jar dm_tMo godgo r
Vm. 8.7.58
lrgw ~m~m_hmamO
g_mYr _Xra, 937 S>r
{e.ZJa, nwUo - 4
godH$ {dRy> Hw$cH$Uu `mMm {eagm>mJ Z_H$ma {dZpV {dkmnZm : lrH$noH$$Z d Amnco
Am{edmX| H$$Z Cm_ Agmo. AmnUmg nmR>{dcoco nmH$sQ> n {_imco AgocM. AmnUmH$Sy>Z Amco`m
lrgw_aU VdZn{H$m d noT>o {_imco Vo ltMo nwT>o RodyZ d EH$ V nwT>o dmMyZ XmI{dcr. ltZm
Amnco Z_H$ma gmXa Ho$co Vr `m`m `mg lr. ~mimgmm|Mo gmJUo mmo XoV Amcmo d Amho. Amnr
H$mhr md`m`m AmhoV nwT>rc a`mMo ~mOyZ _m`mZo \$mQ>H$mMo ~mhoa 5 PmS>o cmdcr d `mg
Hw$nUo H$$Z KoVcr AmhoV VgoM _mJrc cmQ>_ò 40 JmS>m _mVr AmUyZ KmVcr d H$mhr ^mJmV
n[a{e> - 4 / 345
^mOrnmcm d H$mhr ^mJ \w$cPmS>mH$[aVm V`ma Ho$cm Amho. AOyZ \w$cPmS>o cmdcr ZmhrV cmQ>
^modVmcMo VmamMo Hw$nU ZdrZ S>m~ KmcyZ d Vma R>moHy$Z V`ma H$$Z KoVco Amho. 10 \w$Q>mMo \$mQ>H$
Ho$co Amho d _`Var EH$ chmZ \$mQ>H$ _{XamMo ~mOyg AmVco ^mJmV H$$Z KoVco Amho. H$mc
g`mH$mir lr. Hw$cH$Uu BZnoQ>a gmmo. `mMo~amo~a ltMm gmX AJmam d 2 A{Oao nmR>{dcr
AmhoV AmOnmgyZ nmdgmg OmoamV gwdmV Pmcr Amho. Joco 5-7 {XdgmnmgyZ Xwnmar WS>r dmOyZ Vmn
âVmo d 2/3 VmgmZr H$_r hmoVmo. AmfY KoV Amho. lrH$noZo cdH$aM ~ao dmQ>oc. amr Pmon nyU
cmJV Zmhr. ^yH$ cmJV Zmhr ltMr H$m_o doioda H$aUoMm H$Q>mjmZo `Z H$arV Amho Amn n`V
Var Mmcy AmhoV lr. ~mimgmmo nmZdcH$a, lr. AmZXamd nmR>H$, lr. XodH$mH$m, lr. H$mioH$mH$m,
lr. nmaIr _mVa, lr. S>m. ^mJdV d `mMr _S>ir lr. _m_mgmmo Hw$cH$Uu d `mMr _S>ir {Z`
XeZmg òVmV lr. dmKgmmo.hr òVmV. lr. ^Q>H$mH$m AYyZ _YyZ òV AgVmV. S>m. Ioa Jwdma
a{ddmar òV AgVmVM. lr. ~m~yOr lr. JwOaH$mH$m lr. ~moH$sc _mVa lr. {S>Ho$ lr. ~d} BZnoQ>a
eodS>o {c_ò n|S>go ~jr dJao _S>ir òVmV. lr. ndma `mMr hr amnmir Mmcy Amho. 1 VmaIog
cKw d 11 A{^foH$ Pmco. {e`mMm gmX dmQ>cm. 4 VmaIog lr. gm. Jw_mVm XwJmVmB `mMo
nw`{VWrg gdmU ~mU ^moOZ Pmco, IU AmoQ>rg KmVcm. lr. ^mD$amd XogmB `mMmhr cKw
AJmoXa Pmcm. nwhm cmH$aM EH$ cKw hmoUma Amho Pm`mda H$idrZ. hr Jwcm~ d OwBg ~hma
Amcm Amho. \w$co ânya {ZKVmV S>o{c`mMr cmJU Ho$cr Amho. nwT>rc ~mOyg ^|S>t, Jdma, H$aS>B,
lmdU KodS>m ^mOr noacr CJdyZ Amcr Amho. _mJrc cmQ>_òhr ^mOr noacr Amho Vr CJdV Amho.
Vm|S>cr daModa {ZKVmV KodS>m AOyZ \w$ccm Zmhr. a{ddmar lr. Vm`mgmmo Omoer `mMo Kar _rqQ>J
Ko`mMo R>aco hmoVo H$m` Pmco Vo H$imco Zmhr. lr. am_^mD$ g_oi `mMoH$Sy>Z Cgdm{Z{_m H$mnya
CX~mr d Yyn Amcm Amho. lr. ~m~mgmmo {MVio d lr. Vm`mgmo Omoer ~aoM {Xdg BH$S>o Amco ZmhrV
VgoM lr. dm_Zamd Hw$cH$Uu hr 15 {XdgmnmgyZ Amco ZmhrV. ZJaMo S>m. YZoa lr. AUmgmmo.
Ioa dJao _S>ir òD$Z Jocr. _w~B`m Hw$. gwYm \$S>Ho$ Am`m hmo`m. ~mH$s gd Zoh_r_mUo Mmcy
Amho. OmV H$m` {chmdo. gmo~V AJmam d gmX nmR>{dcm Amho VoWrc ltMoWmZr Z_H$ma {d>
H$amdo Aer {dZVr Amho.
eodogr lwV hmo` ho {dkmnZm
Amncm Z_,
lrgwMaUaO godH$
{dRy> Hw$bH$Uu
346 && MV`gy` &&
16.
ofH$ : lr. aKwZmW Ho$ed Omoer
&& lrgw g &&
57 `mXmoJmonmi noR>, gmVmam
27-1-1980
lr. gw na_hg {d>c amdOr Omoer `mgr go_ {e. gm. Z_H$ma {d. {d.
Amnco Am{edmXo H$$Z AmO n`V gd jo_. XmgmZwXmg _r Vw_Mm F$Ur {ZKmcmo XeZr Vw_{M`m.
AmVm ôQ>rMm `moJ òV Amho hUyZ AmZX hmoV Amho. _cm nw`mg noZeZ`m H$m_r òUo Amho. EH$
{Xdg Q>oParV H$m_ Amho. lrgw ~m~m _hmamO `mMo g_mYr _{XamV _w$m_ H$amdm Ago _mZgt
Amho. Var Amncr Ver H$nm Pm`mg AmZXmZo EH$ {Xdg amhrZ. {M. AemoH$ `mg H$m` Amkm Vr
gm{JV`mg _cm H$ioc.
AmOn`V AIS> Mmcco`m CnH$mamg gr_m Zmhr. `m_wio ggmamV H$>r hmo`mMo gJ Amco
ZmhrV Var AerM H$nm>r Agmdr. Amnco CnH$mamMr \o$S> hmoUo Zmhr. AgmM Zoh_r F$Ur Agmdm.
XmoZ hmV d EH$ S>moB hoM MaUr AnU Ho$co Amho. lr. am. am. dPoH$mH$m d XoenmS>o `mg go_
Z_H$ma. {d> hmdo. Amnco MaUr dXZ H$$Z VyV aOm KoVmo.
Amncm H$nm{^bmfr,
aKwZmW Ho$ed Omoer
D
A^J
nmht ao emoYmoZ AVaJr Xod & dmCJ| bmKd H$m H$argr &&
ZH$mo VrWmQ>U, ZH$mo dV Vn & Yat AZwVmn {df`mMm &&
_mòMr gJVr gmS>r doJt AmVm & ôQ>moZr AZVm AVaJr &&
D$dnW Yat, OmimoZr dmgZm & dmr AZwgY

mZm _mOr Kmbt && 4
Xmg hUo KoB drQ> _mBH$mMm & _a| Mmar dmMm, Zm_ {Z` && 5
n[a{e> - 4 / 347
n[a{e> H$. 5
lr_hmamOmZm Ambobr no (N>m`m{H$V Vr)
n H$.
01.
02.
03.
04.
05.
06.
07.
08.
09.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
ofH$
n> H$.
lr. ~m. . XmVma

lr. lrnmX b. JmoIbo
lr.{ddZmW X. ^wXogmB
lr. ~m. . XmVma
lr. ^mbM ZmJoe Wmo
lr. ~m. XmVma
lr. d. _. JwOa
lr. JJmYa JUoe AmioH$a
lr. nmSw>aJ _a~ir
lr. nmS>waJ _a~ir
lr. Zahar H$mio
lr. am. ~m. Am~oH$a
lr. _mYd {MVio
lr. _mYd {MVio
Q>rn : hr no AmR>`m H$aUm`m gX^mVrb AmhoV.
348 && MV`gy` &&
349
350
351
353
354
356
357
359
361
364
366
368
370
371
1. ofH$ : lr. ~m. . XmVma
n[a{e> - 5 / 349
2. ofH$ : lr. lrnmX b. JmoIbo
350 && MV`gy` &&
3. ofH$ : lr. {ddZmW X. ^wXogmB
n[a{e> - 5 / 351
..... lr. {ddZmW X. ^wXogmB
352 && MV`gy` &&
n[a{e> - 5 / 353
5. ofH$ : lr. ^mbM ZmJoe Wmo
354 && MV`gy` &&
..... lr. ^mbM ZmJoe Wmo
n[a{e> - 5 / 355
356 && MV`gy` &&
7. ofH$ : lr. d. _. JwOa
n[a{e> - 5 / 357
..... lr. d. _. JwOa
358 && MV`gy` &&
8. ofH$ : lr. JJmYa JUoe AmioH$a
n[a{e> - 5 / 359
..... lr. JJmYa JUoe AmioH$a
360 && MV`gy` &&
9. ofH$ : lr. nmSw>aJamd _a~ir
n[a{e> - 5 / 361
..... lr. nmSw>aJamd _a~ir
362 && MV`gy` &&
n[a{e> - 5 / 363
10. ofH$ : lr. nmSw>aJamd _a~ir
364 && MV`gy` &&
n[a{e> - 5 / 365
11. ofH$ : lr. Zahar H$mio
366 && MV`gy` &&
..... lr. Zahar H$mio
n[a{e> - 5 / 367
12. ofH$ : lr. am. ~m. Am~oH$a
368 && MV`gy` &&
..... lr. am. ~m. Am~oH$a
n[a{e> - 5 / 369
13. ofH$ : lr. _mYd {MVio
370 && MV`gy` &&
14. ofH$ : lr. _mYd {MVio
n[a{e> - 5 / 371
..... lr. _mYd {MVio
372 && MV`gy` &&
n[a{e> - 5 / 373
D D D
374 && MV`gy` &&
n[a{e> H$. 6 : gH$sU

1. lrgXJw $ ~m~m _hmamO `m`m 1960 gmbr gmO`m Pmbo`m O`Vr Cgdm`m
doir, ^moOZ-`dWog~Yr lr_hmamOmZr Ho$bobo {Q>nU
VV gV & lrgXJwado Z_: &&
{X.
31-10-60
Xwnmar
amr
(100)
amr r d` godH$mZr dmT>Uo.
(100)
&&
nmZ| 100
g_m{Y_{Xam`m Cmaog ~g{dUo, 16 Mr 1 amJ `m_mUo
6 amJm, nwf d`gdo H$ 5 d dmT>nr 5
nmZ| 100
1-11-60
nJV darb_mU| ~g{dU|. nwf d`gdo H$ d
5 dmT>nr `mZr dmT>U|.
(100)
nmZ|o 200
2-11-60
&&
darb _mUo n{hbr nJV d `mbm bmJyZ bhmZ _wbmMr 3035 nmZ|, n{hbr nJV - r d`gdo H$ d 5 dmT>nr
Xwgar nJV - nwf d`gdo H$ d 5 dmT>nr
(200)
nmZ| 1200
3-11-60
&&
nJVr 4, òH$ nJV g_m{Y_{Xam`m Cmaog 100, nyd}g
100 d Cmao`m nJVrg bmJyZ _wbmMr nJV gw_mao 50 nmZ|.
n{hbr nJV - 10 r d`gdo H$ d 12 dmT>nr
Xwgar, {Vgar, MmWr nJV - 10 nwf d`gdo H$ d 12 dmT>nr
(100)
nmZ| 250
4-11-60
&&
n{hbr nJV 150 nmZ| _{XamMo Cmaog. r d`gdo H$ 10 d
5 dmT>nr. Xwgar nJV - nwf d`gdo H$ d 5 dmT>nr
`moOZm : lr. ^mD$amd XogmB d JS>r, _mobH$aUr d d`godH$ {_iyZ nmQ> _mS>U|, nmZ| KmbUo d nmZ|
H$mT>U| d ^mS>r CMbyZ ZoUo d YwdyZ nwhm _mS>Uo, lr. ^mD$amd XogmB `mZr `m gd JmoQ>r H$$Z Ko`mMo
Amho. XaamoO _mobH$aUr 4 d JS>r 4. {X. 3-11-60 amoOr _mobH$aUr 6 d JS>r 4
bmJUm`m dVyM
r d _mUgmMr `mXr : (1) dmT>nr amoO 5 _mUo {X. 31-10-60, 1-11-60
d 2-11-60 d 4-11-60 dmT>nr 12 {X. 3-10-60 amoOr, (2) nmdir - 4 hOma,
(3) moU- 4 hOma, (4) nmQ> ~mho$Z AmU`mMo - 150.
n[a{e> - 6 / 375
2. ò> g_Wm}nmgH$ lr. eH$aamd lrH$U Xod, Ywio `mMo lrgXJw$ {XJ~aXmg
_hmamO `mZm n Am{U `m nmdaM lr_hmamOmZr Zm|X{dbobo Amnbo Cma.
D D D
376 && MV`gy` &&

ChaitanyaSurya Marathi

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ChaitanyaSurya Marathi

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&& VV gV &&

&& lrgXJw$ {XJ~aXmgm` Z_: &&

&& MV`gy` &&

lrgXJw$ {XJ~aXmg _hmamO godm-_S>i

: lrgXJw$ {XJ~aXmg _hmamO godm-_S>i

: Edm`a og m`hoQ> {c.

AjaOwiUr : Bem EQ>am`Oog, nwUo - 30

nH$meZ {VWr : lmdU d &&4 em{bdmhZ eH$ 1929; gd{OV gdga,

: lrgXJw$ ~m~m _hmamO gh~wo g_m{Y_{Xa

lrgXJw$ {XJ~aXmg _hmamO godm-_S>i

lmdU d&&4 em{bdmhZ eH$ 1929;

lrgXJw$ {XJ~aXmg _hmamO godm _S>i

02. {Xg _mg dmT>o & ~mi gwcjU &&

03. JwH$nm hmoVm & H$io g`kmZ &&

04. CnmgZocm T> Mmcdmdo &&

05. _mPo X`r g_mYrWmZ & g` gX>Jw {XJ~amMo &&

06. H$m`nrMo Vramda & WmZ {Z{_co A{VgwXa &&

07. hUVr Jw `mcm & Mmcqd gmXm` Anwcm &&

08. lrdmgwXdo mZV Pmco & d$nr crZ &&

09. ghdfmdao r amhrZ g_m{YWmZr &&

11. IimMr Xw~

12. XwdmgZm Xw>mMr & Omdr {ZagmoZ &&

13. O``m nd] _hmogd & Ag^m` Mmcdr d^d &&

14. {edam`mMm AmR>dmdm Vmn &&

15. oZodrU H$m` Omco ... ho Vmo KS>oZm &&

21. `mMm docy Jocm JJZmdar &&

n[a{e> 1. lrgXJw $ {XJ~aXmg _hmamO `mMr O_b Hw$ S>br

n[a{e> 2. lr_hmamO {da{MV _Jbm>H$

n[a{e> 3. lr_hmamOmZr {b{hbobr no

n[a{e> 4. lr_hmamOmZm Ambobr no

n[a{e> 5. lr_hmamOmZm Ambobr no (N>m`m{H$V)

Omoer Hw$im_mOr lr{d>c Zm_| & AdVma AZwn_o Yar`ocm &&

Hw$>Q>mH$S>o JmdmVrc XodWmZmMr `dWm, nyOm-AMm, Hw$iY_-Hw$imMma gmon{d`mV Amcm.

Amho Ago H$mVwH$mZo hUV AgV.

{Xg _mg dmT>o & ~mi gwcjU &&

lr_hmamOm`m hmVr R>odcm.

{Xg _mg dmT>o../ 13

JwH$nm hmoVm & H$io g`kmZ &&

18 && MV`gy` &&

CnmgZocm T> Mmcdmdo &&

_mPo X`r g_m{YWmZ & g` gX>Jw {XJ~amM| &&

H$m`nrMo Vramda & WmZ {Z{_co A{VgwXa &&

Am{U Vo H$> Am{U {MH$mQ>r `m`m ^$_ nm`mda C^o hmoV.o

hUVr Jw `mcm & Mmc{d gmXm` Anwcm &&

_mWm OQ>m^ma, emo^o `Vrda & ArMm Hw$_a Xmmo` &&

MaUt nmXwH$m dmOVr MQ>MQ> & d V| emo^V H$mfm`{M &&

AmX~w am Vit C^r Xm_yVu & YoZg

&& lrgMaUmaqdXmnU_Vw &&

lrdmgwXodmZV Pmco & d$nr crZ &&

1954`m n{h`m AmR>dS>mV lr_hmamOmZm ^oQ>m`cm Vo aZm{Jarcm Joco hmoVo. lr_hmamO `m

ghdfmdao r amhrZ g_m{YWmZr &&

nw`nmZmg KodmoZr Jhmg & gm^mimdo Img _OcmJr &&

80 && MV`gy` &&

84 && MV`gy` &&

WwH $`mMm `Z hmoVm !

"{Vgao Vo gmdYnU& gd {df`r' `m C$s_mUo gmdY AgUm`m lr_hmamOmZr A`m` {ZdmaU

106 && MV`gy` &&

O``m ndoo _hmogd & Ag^m` Mmcdr d^d &&

nmam`U Ho$co OmVo. lr~m~m`m _{XamV lrdaXeH$a, lrdaXc_r, lrg`Xm, lrg`{dZm`H$,

ew{MVoMr Am{U nm{d`mMrM OUy nm`m^aUr Ho$cr Jocr.

lr_hmamOmZm doXm``Z H$aUm`m{df`r AVrd AmXa hmoVm. lr_hmamOmMr doXmda AZ` lm

H$mhr doim lmo`m`m ~mOyg nmQ>mda ~gyZ lr_X>^mJdV ldU H$arV.

{eH$dUwH$s_wio, `m CgdmMo WmZ EH$_odm{Vr`M Amho.

124 && MV`gy` &&