Air Duct Design

.10 m/s
Equal friction method

-

.

AB

Qt = Q1 + Q2 + Q2
Qt = 4 + 3 + 1 = 8 m 3 / s

10 m/s .
) (- .
m/s

7.5

6.5

10

7.5

6.5

5.5

10

7.5

10

7.5

. 8 m/s
V = 8 m/s
d 2V

48
= 1.128 m
8

= Qt

=d

fL V 2
d 2

P =

0.00015
= 0.000133
1.128

.
) (- .

kg/m3

Pa.s

-10

1.341

16.768 x 10-6

1.292

17.238 x 10-6

10

1.247

-6

20

1.204

18.178 x 10-6

30

1.164

18.648 x 10-6

40

1.127

19.118 x 10-6

50

1.092

19.588 x 10-6

17.708 x 10

 ) (- .

, mm

0.9 -9.0

0.3 3.0

0.18 0.9

0.26

0.12

0.15

0.045

0.015

0.0

Vd 1.184 8 1.128
=
= 5.80 10 5
6

18.413 10

= Re

Moody Re /d f
.
f = 0.0145
fL V 2
0.0145 30 8 2
= 1.184

= 14.61 Pa
d 2
1.128
2
P 14.61
=
= 0.487 Pa / m
L
30

P =

Pa/m



.
BE
f V d
.

d 2V
V2
8Q 2
= 2 4
2
d

= Q = AV

4Q
16Q 2
2
,
V
=
d 2
2d 4

= V

P
f V2
f 8Q 2
8Q 2

=
=
=
f
L
d 2
d 2d 4
2d 5
8 fQ 2
8 1.184 0.0145 1
=d
=5
= 0.491 m
2
P / L
2 0.487
5

4Q
= 5.281 m / s
d 2

= V

d V Re Moody f
.
V d:
Vd 1.184 5.281 0.491
=
= 1.66 105
6
18.413 10

= Re

0.00015
= 0.000305
0.491

f = 0.016

d = 0.501 m
V = 5.073 m / s

V d:
Vd 1.184 5.073 0.501
=
= 1.63 105
6

18.413 10

= Re

0.00015
= 0.000299
d
0.501
f = 0.016
=

V d .
d = 0.501 m
V = 5.073 m / s

 0.5012 5.073 = 1.000069 m 3 / s

= d 2V

= Qcal = AV

Q = 1 m3/s
BC
f V d
.
8 fQ 2
8 1.184 0.016 7 2
5
=
= 1.091 m
2 P / L
2 0.487
4Q
47
= V
=
= 7.489 m / s
2
d
1.0912
d =5

d V Re Moody f
.
V d:
Vd 1.184 7.489 1.091
=
= 5.25 10 5

18.413 10 6

= Re

0.00015
= 0.000137
1.091

f = 0.0146

d = 1.071 m
V = 7.768 m / s

V d:
Vd 1.184 7.768 1.071
=
= 5.35 10 5
6

18.413 10

= Re

0.00015
= 0.00014
d
1.071
f = 0.0146
=

V d .
d = 1.071 m
V = 7.768 m / s

 1.0712 7.768 = 6.998 m 3 / s

= d 2V

= Qcal = AV

Q = 7 m3/s
CF
f V d
.
8 fQ 2
8 1.184 0.0146 3 2
5
=
= 0.7632 m
2 P / L
2 0.487
4Q
43
= V
=
= 6.557 m / s
2
d
0.76212
d =5

d V Re Moody f
.
V d:
Vd 1.184 6.557 0.7632
=
= 3.22 10 5

18.413 10 6

= Re

0.00015
= 0.000197
d
0.7632
f = 0.0163
=

d = 0.780 m
V = 6.275 m / s

V d:
Vd 1.184 6.275 0.780
=
= 3.15 10 5

18.413 10 6

= Re

0.00015
= 0.000192
d
0.780
f = 0.0164
=

.
d = 0.780 m
V = 6.275 m / s

 0.78 2 6.275 = 2.9984 m 3 / s

= d 2V

= Qcal = AV

Q = 3 m3/s
CD
f V d
.
8 fQ 2
8 1.184 0.0164 4 2
5
=
= 0.8764 m
2 P / L
2 0.487
4Q
4 4
= V = 2
= 6.630 m / s
d
0.85512
d =5

d V Re Moody f
.
V d:
Vd 1.184 6.630 0.8764
= 3.74 10 5
=

18.413 10 6

= Re

0.00015
= 0.000171
d
0.8764
f = 0.0157
=

d = 0.869 m
V = 6.747 m / s

V d:
Vd 1.184 6.747 0.869
=
= 3.77 10 5

18.413 10 6

= Re

0.00015
= 0.000173
d
0.869
f = 0.0159
=

d = 0.869 m
V = 6.747 m / s

V, d .
.

 0.869 2 6.747 = 4.002 m 3 / s

= d 2V

= Qcal = AV

Q = 4 m3/s

.

)P/L = 0.487 (Pa/m

Qcal

)d (m

V (m/s

)Q (m3/s

)L (m

0.0145

8.000

1.128

8.00

30

A-B

0.0146

6.998

1.071

7.77

15

B-C

0.0159

4.002

0.869

6.75

75

C-D

0.016

1.000

0.501

5.07

30

B-E

0.0164

2.998

0.780

6.275

15

C-F

Section

20 oC
.
AB
.

Qt = Q1 + Q2 + Q2
Qt = 4 + 3 + 1 = 8 m 3 / s

V = 8 m/s
.
V = 8 m/s
d 2V

= Qt

48
= 1.128 m
8

=d

fL V 2
d 2

P =

0.00015
= 0.000133
1.128

. 20 oC
Vd 1.184 8 1.128
=
= 5.80 10 5

18.413 10 6

= Re

Moody Re /d f
.
f = 0.0145
fL V 2
0.0145 30 8 2
= 1.184

= 14.61 Pa
d 2
1.128
2
P 14.61
=
= 0.487 Pa / m 0.5
Pa / m
L
30

P =

8 m3/s P=0.5 Pa/m .

d = 1.135 m

P=0.5 Pa/m
:


)P/L = 0.5 (Pa/m
Qcal

)d (m

V (m/s

)Q (m3/s

)L (m

8.094

1.135

8.00

30

A-B

7.145

1.080

7.80

15

B-C

4.149

0.875

6.90

75

C-D

0.999

0.515

4.80

30

B-E

3.010

0.780

6.30

15

C-F

Section

Velocity reduction method

.
AB
.
Qt = Q1 + Q2 + Q2
Qt = 4 + 3 + 1 = 8 m 3 / s

V = 8 m/s
.
d = 1.135 m
P = 0. 5
Pa / m

V = 7m / s

BC:

V = 7m / s
V = 6m / s
V = 6m / s

BE:
C D:
CF:

.

)P (Pa/m

Qcal

)d (m

V (m/s

)Q (m3/s

)L (m

0.50

8.094

1.135

8.00

30

A-B

0.38

7.020

1.130

7.00

15

B-C

0.38

4.032

0.925

6.00

75

C-D

1.35

1.017

0.430

4.00

30

B-E

0.45

3.016

0.800

6.00

15

C-F

Section

BE


4 m/s
.
BE
)P (Pa/m

Qcal

)d (m

V (m/s

)Q (m3/s

)L (m

0.50

8.094

1.135

8.00

30

A-B

0.38

7.020

1.130

7.00

15

B-C

0.38

4.032

0.925

6.00

75

C-D

0.30

1.039

0.575

4.00

30

B-E

0.45

3.016

0.800

6.00

15

C-F

Section

(ab )0.625
(a + b )0.25

d = 1. 3

Air Fan






:
V2
+ gZ = C
2

V 2

+ gZ = C
2
PS + PV + PZ = PT
P+

If dZ = 0,
PS + PV = PT ,
Where, PS : Static Pressure, PV : Velocity Pressure or Dynamic Pressure
PT : Total Pressure.
PV = PT PS , where PT , PS are measuring by Pitotube.
2 PV

= or V

V 2
2

= PV

PS1 + PV 1 = PS 2 + PV 2 = PT

PS 1 + PV 1 = PS 2 + PV 2 + PL
where, PL : total pressure drop or hydraulic losses between 1 and 2.

PS1 + PV 1 + FTP = PS 2 + PV 2 + PL
where, FTP is the pressure rise due to the fan work and is called
the Fan Total Pressure.
V12 FTP PS 2 V22 PL
+
=
+
+
2
2
2

where, PL : represents the losses pressure drop in the duct.

+

PS1

:
fL V 2
, where, d : hydraulic mean diameter
d 2

PF =

:
, where, K : constant

V 2
2

PM = K


:
P
V2
P
Power = m& F + M + e

LV2
V 2 Ve2
= m& f
+K
+

d 2
2
2

If the air Fan has total efficiency, T

The actual fan power is,
Power

= Poweract

) (- .

Component

)P (Pa or N/m2

Damper

50

Filter

100

Cooling coil

150

Eliminators

50

Heating coil

150

Air washer

100

Mixing and suction to fan

50

Component

Inlet

0.40

 Fan discharge to main duct

0.30

0.03

0.40

Standard 90 elbow

0.75

Expander

0.75

Reducer

0.05

Damper

0.20

Exit grille

0.50

Fan Power




:
P
LV2
V 2 Ve2
Power = W = m&

+ f
+ K
+

d 2
2
2
Air Handling


Exit

V 2

+ e
Fitting 2

P
V2
1 P

= m&
L

+
+ K
Air Handling
L
Friction
2

Reshaping the duct system with air handling unit

-
.

.

 P
LV2
V 2 Ve2
Power = W = m&

+ f
+ K
+

d 2
2
2
Air Handling
P
V2
1 P

= m&

+
L
+ K
Air Handling
L
Friction
2

V 2

+ e
Fitting 2 Exit

P
V2
1 P

= V&

+
L
+ K
Air Handling
L
Friction
2

V 2

+ e
Fitting 2 Exit

50 + 100 + 150 + 50 + 150 + 50

1.184

Air Handling

Power = 1.184 8
30 0.487

82
+

+ 0.3
2 A B
1.184

15 0.487
7.77 2
+ 1.184 7
+ 0.05
2
1.184

B C

75 0.487
6.75 2
+ 1.184 4
+ (0.05 + 0.75 + 0.5 + 1)
2
1.184
30 0.487
5.07 2
+ 1.184 1
+ (0.75 + 0.5 + 1)
2
1.184

C D

BE

15 0.487
6.28 2

+ 1.184 3
+ (0.75 + 0.5 + 1)
2 C F
1.184
Power = 4607.811 + 63.644 + 394.252 + 48.849 + 179.511 = 5294.07 W
Power = 5.3 kW

-

.

 -

15 m3/min .

-


2 m3/s .

Moody Chart

Duct friction chart-low flow rate

Duct Friction Chart-Low Flow Rate

Duct Friction Chart-High Flow Rate