TH VIN TIME.H Cc i tng kiu struct tm c s dng lu tr ngy thng v thi gian.

. struct tm { int tm_sec; int tm_min; int tm_hour; int tm_mday; int tm_mon; int tm_year; //year since 1900 int tm_wday; //days since Sunday int tm_yday; //days since 1 January: [0,365] int tm_isdst; //daylight saving time flag } C tm_isdst l s dng (+) nu daylight saving time c tc dng, bng 0 nu khng c, l s m (-) nu khng c thng tin. M quy cch ngha %a Tn ngy trong tun vit tt %A Tn ngy trong tun y %b Tn thng vit tt %B Tn thng y %c Date v time %d Ngy trong thng %H Gi trong ngy, 24 gi %h Gi trong ngy, 12 gi %j Ngy trong nm %m Thng %M Pht sau gi %p AM hay PM %s Giy trong gi %U Tun trong nm %w Ngy trong tun (0-6) %x Date %X Time %y Nm trong th k %Y Nm %Z Mi gi %% K t % Truy nhp vo ng h clock_t clock (void); y l s xung ng h ca my. Mun tnh ra giy, ta em chia vi CLOCK_PER_SEC. Nu to xung ng h ca CPU khng c, hm tr li gi tr 1.

Truy nhp vo thi gian double difftime (time_t t0, time_t t1); char *asctime (const struct tm *tp); size_t strftime (char *s, size_t n, const char *cntrl_str, const struct tm*tp); structtm *gmtime (const time_t *t_ptr); struct tm *localtime (const time_t *t_ptr); time_t mktime (struct tm *tp); time_t time (time_t *timer); nhn thi gian h thng quy ra giy void getdate (struct date *datep); nhn ngy h thng void setdate (struct date *datep); thit lp ngy h thng void gettime (struct time *timep); nhn gi h thng void settime (struct time *timep); thit lp gi h thng TH VIN STRING.H Cc hm qun l b nh int memcmp (const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n); so snh n byte trong 2 chui s1, s2 (phn bit ch hoa, ch thng) Nu gi tr tr v >0 th chui s1 > chui s2 Nu gi tr tr v <0 th chui s2 < chui s1 Nu gi tr tr v =0 th chui s2 ging chui s1 int memicmp (const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n); so snh n byte trong 2 chui s1, s2 (khng phn bit ch hoa, ch thng) Nu gi tr tr v >0 th chui s1 > chui s2 Nu gi tr tr v <0 th chui s2 < chui s1 Nu gi tr tr v =0 th chui s2 ging chui s1 void *memchr (const void *s, int c, size_t n); tm k t c trong n byte u ca vng s, nu tm thy, hm tr v a ch ca byte cha k t c u tin trong s, tri li, tr v NULL void *memccpy (void *dest, const void *src, int c, size_t n); sao chp cc k t t vng src sang vng dest, vic sao chp kt thc khi gp k t c hoc sao chp n k t void *memcpy (void *dest, const void *src, size_t n); sao chp n k t t vng src sang vng dest, hm cho li a ch vng dest void *memmove (void *dest, const void *src, size_t n); void *memset (void *s, int c, size_t n); gi k t c vo n byte u ca chui s, hm tr li a ch chui s void movedata (unsigned srcseg, unsigned srcoff, unsigned destseg, unsigned destoff, size_t n); sao chp n byte t phn on srcseg:srcoff n a ch destseg:destoff Cc hm qun l xu k t char *gets (char *s); nhp chui char *puts (char *s); xut chui char *strcat (char *s1, const char *s2); ghp chui s2 vo ui chui s1 char *strchr (const char *s, int c); tm k t c trong chui s (bt u t bn tri), khng c tr v NULL char *strcpy (char *s1, const char *s2); sao chp ni dung trong s2 vo trong s1 char *strdup (const char *s); gp i chui s char *strerror (int error_number); char *strlwr (char *s); i chui s thnh ch thng

char *strncat (char *s1, const char *s2, size_t n); char *strncpy (char *s1, const char *s2, size_t n); sao chp ti a n k t u ca chui s2 vo trong s1 char *strnset (char *s, int c, int n); gn n ln k t c vo trong chui s char *strpbrk (const char *s1, const char *s2); tm ln xut hin u tin ca mt k t thuc s2 trong s1, nu c, hm cho a ch ca k t tm thy trong s1, tri li, hm cho NULL char *strrchr (const char *s, int c); tm k t c trong chui s (bt u t bn phi), khng c tr v NULL char *strrev (char *s); o ngc cc k t trong chui s char *strset (char *s, int c); t k t c vo mi v tr trong chui s (thay cc k t trong s bng c) char *strstr (const char *s1, const char *s2); tm chui s2 trong chui s1, tr v v tr chui s2 trong chui s1 char *strtok (char *s1, const char *s2); char *strupr (char *s); i chui s thnh ch hoa int strcmp (const char *s1, const char *s2); tr v kt qu so snh 2 chui s1 v s2, khng phn bit ch hoa, ch thng ca cng mt k t Nu gi tr tr v >0 th chui s1 cha chui s2 Nu gi tr tr v <0 th chui s2 cha chui s1 Nu gi tr tr v =0 th chui s2 ging chui s1 int strcoll (const char *s1, const char *s2); int stricmp (const char *s1, const char *s2); tr v kt qu so snh 2 chui s1 v s2, phn bit ch hoa, ch thng ca cng mt k t Nu gi tr tr v >0 th chui s1 cha chui s2 Nu gi tr tr v <0 th chui s2 cha chui s1 Nu gi tr tr v =0 th chui s2 ging chui s1 int strncmp (const char *s1, const char *s2, size_t n); so snh n k t u tin ca chui s1 v s2 int strnicmp (const char *s1, const char *s2, size_t n); so snh n k t u tin ca chui s1 v s2, khng phn bit ch hoa, ch thng ca cng mt k t size_t strcspn (const char *s1, const char *s2); tm di on u ca chui size_t strlen (const char *s); xc nh chiu di chui s size_t strspn (const char *s1, const *s2); tm di on u ca chui size_t strxfrm (char *s1, const char *s2, size_t n); unsigned *strlen (const char *s); xc nh chiu di chui s TH VIN STDLIB.H File tiu ny cha cc nguyn mu ca cc hm c s dng vo cc mc ch chung, hoc vi cc macro v cc nh ngha kiu c lin quan. Cp pht b nh ng unsigned coreleft (void); cho bit b nh kh dng trong vng cp pht ng i vi m hnh tiny, small v medium unsigned long coreleft (void); cho bit b nh kh dng trong vng cp pht ng i vi m hnh compact large v huge void *calloc (size_t n, size_t size); cp pht vng nh cho n i tng kch c size byte void *malloc (size_t size); cp pht vng nh cho size byte

void *realloc (void *block, size_t size); cp pht li b nh void free (void *block); gii phng vng nh cp pht Tm kim v sp xp void *bsearch (const void *key_ptr; const void *a_ptr, size_t n_els, size_t el_size, int compare (const void *, const void *)); void qsort (vois *a_ptr, size_t n_els, size_t el_size, int compare (const void *, const void *)); To s nhu nhin int random (int n); to cc s ngu nhin trong khong t 0 n (num-1) int rand (void); to s ngu nhin trong khang t 0 n 32767 void randomize (void); khi ng c ch to s ngu nhin bng gi tr ngu nhin void srand (unsigned seed); khi to b to s ngu nhin bng gi tr seed, khng c gi tr tr li Truyn thng vi mi trng char *getenv (const char *name); int system (const char *s); S hc int abs (int x); long labs (long x); div_t div (int numer, int denom); ldiv_t ldiv (long numer, long deniom); Chuyn i xu k t char *itoa (int x, char *s, int cs); chuyn s nguyn x trong h m c s cs sang chui v lu vo vng nh s, hm tr v a ch ca vng s char *ltoa (long x, char *s, int cs); chuyn s kiu long x trong h m c s cs sang chui v lu vo vng nh s, hm tr v a ch ca vng s char *ultoa (unsigned long x, char *s, int cs); chuyn s kiu unsigned long x trong h m c s cs sang chui v lu vo vng nh s, hm tr v a ch ca vng s double atof (const char *s); chuyn i xu cc ch s str thnh mt s float int atoi (const char*s); chuyn i xu cc ch s str thnh mt s int long atol (cont char *s); chuyn i xu cc ch s str thnh mt s long double strtod (const char *s, char **end_ptr); long strtol (const char *s, char **end_ptr, int base); unsigned long strtoul (const char *s, char **end_ptr, int base); char *ecvt (double value, int ndig, int *dec, int *sign); chuyn gi tr kiu double sang chui ch gm cc ch s char *fcvt (double value, int ndig, int *dec, int *sign); chuyn gi tr kiu double sang chui ch gm cc ch s char *gcvt (double value, int ndec, char *buf); chuyn gi tr kiu double sang chui c c du chm thp phn v du (-) cho s m Cc hm k t nhiu byte int mblen (const char *s, size_t n); int mbrowc (wchar_t *p, const char *s, size_t n); int wctomb (char *s, wchar_t wc);

Cc hm xu k t nhiu byte size_t mbstowcs (wchar_t *wcs, const char *mbs, size_t n); int wcstombs (char *mbs, const wchar_t *wcs, size_t n); Ri khi chng trnh void abort (void); kt thc chng trnh mt cch khng bnh thng int atexit (atexit_t func); void exit (int status); kt thc chng trnh mt cch bnh thng TH VIN CONIO.H char *cgets (char *str); char *getpass (const char *prompt); c password V d: #include #include main() { char *password; password=getpass cout<<"Enter password:"< return 0; } extern int _wscroll; int cputs (const char *str); int fgetc (FILE *stream); int fputc (int c, FILE *stream); int getch (void); c mt k t t bn phm, khng hin ln k t g vo int getche (void); c mt k t t bn phm, c hin li k t g vo. K t e cui c ngha l hin li (echo) int gettext (int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, void *destin); int inp (unsigned portid); int kbhit (void); kim tra xem c k t g vo hay khng V d: #include #include main() { clrscr(); cout<<"Press any key"; while (!kbhit()); cout<<"\r\Continue\r\n"; return 0;

getch(); } int movetext (int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int destleft, int desttop); int outp (unsigned portid, int value); int putch (int c); a mt k t ln ca s vn bn trn mn hnh int puttext (int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, void *source); int textmode (int mode); int ungetch (int c); int wherex (void); cho bit honh hin ti ca con tr int wherey (void); cho bit tung hin ti ca con tr void _setcursortype (int cur_t); void clrscr (void); xo trng mn hnh (Clear Screen) void clreol (void); xo cc k t nm bn phi im nhc (Clear End Of Line) void delline (void); xo mt dng trong ca s void gettextinfo (struct text_info *r); cho thng tin v kiu hin th vn bn void gotoxy (int x, int y); di chuyn con tr ti ta (x,y) trn mn hnh void highvideo (void); lm sng ca k t tng ln void insline (void); xen mt dng trong ca s void lowvideo(void); lm sng ca k t yu i void normvideo(void); lm sng ca k t bnh thng void textbackground (int color); chn mu nn void textcolor(int color); la chn mu k t mi void textattr (int attr); xc lp thuc tnh ca k t trn mn hnh void window (int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2); to ca s vn bn c ta 2 gc: gc trn-bn tri (x1,y1) v gc di-bn phi (x2,y2). Sau , mi vn bn trn mn hnh s nm trong ca s ny. TH VIN STDIO.H File tiu ny cha cc macro, cc nh ngha kiu v cc nguyn mu prototype ca cc hm c ngi lp trnh s dng truy nhp vo file. Sau y l mt s macro v cc nh ngha kiu: #define BUFSIZ 1024 //kch thc cho tt c c b nh m #define EOF (-1) //gi tr tr li ca End Of File #define FILENAME_MAX 255 // di ln nht tn file #define FOPEN_MAX 20 //s file ln nht c th m #define L_tmpnam 16 //kch thc mng cho tmp tn file #define NULL 0 //gi tr con tr NULL #define PATH_MAX 1024 // di cc i ca ng dn #define TMP_MAX 65535 //s ln nht ca cc tn file duy nht typedef long pos_t; //c s dng vi fsetpos() typedef unsigned size_t //kiu t ton t sizeof typedef char *va_list; //c s ng vi h vfprintf() Cu trc file vi t kho FILE c cc thnh phn m t trng thi hin ti ca mt file. Tn v s phn t ca n ph

thuc vo tng h thng Mt i tng kiu FILE c th ghi tt c cc thng tin cn thit iu khin mt lun (stream), k c mt hin th hay c thng bo (indicator) v tr ca file, mt con tr ti buffer ca n, mt hin th hay c bo li cha cc li ghi/c c th xy ra, v mt hin th hay c bo end of file ghi nhn gp du hiu kt thc file cha. Cc macro c dng nh ngha stdin, stdout v stderr. Mc d chng ta ngh chng l cc file, song thc cht chng l c con tr. #define stdin ($_iob[0]) #define stdout ($_iob[1]) #define stderr ($_iob[2]) Khng ging cc file khc,stdin, stdout v stderr khng cn phi m ra mt cch tng minh. Mt s macro khc c s dng vi cc hm nh sau: #define _IOFBF 0 //setvbuf(): full buffering #define _IOFBF 0x80 //setvbuf(): full buffering #define _IOFBF 0x04 //setvbuf(): full buffering #define SEEK_SET 0 //fseek(): beginning of file #define SEEK_CUR 1 //fseek(): current position in file #define SEEK_END 2 //fseek(): end of file Khi mt file c m, h iu hnh kt ni n vi mt stream v gi thng tin v stream trong mt i tng kiu FILE. Mt con tr tr ti FILE c th xem nh ang c kt ni vi file hoc vi lung stream, hoc c hai. Cc hm cp 2 Cc hm cp 2 s dng cu trc FILE v m kt thc EOF, tt c u c khai bo v nh ngha trong . M EOF bng -1 cn cu trc FILE gm cc thnh phn dung qun l tp tin nh: + level cho bit c cn vng m trong d liu hay khng + bsize ln vng m (mc nh l 512 bytes) + flags cc c trng thi FILE *fdopen (int handle, char *type); FILE *fopen (const char *filename, const char *mode); m mt file Cc i (mode) "r", "rt" m mt file c theo kiu vn bn, file c tn ti, nu khng s c li "w", "wt" m mt file ghi theo kiu vn bn, nu file tn ti, n s b xo "a", "at" m mt file ghi b sung theo kiu vn bn, nu file cha tn ti th to file mi "rb" m mt file c theo kiu nh phn, file cn tn ti, nu khng s c li "wb" m mt file ghi theo kiu nh phn, nu file tn ti, n s b xo "ab" m mt file ghi b sung theo kiu nh phn, nu file cha tn ti th to file mi "r+", "r+t" m mt file c/ghi theo kiu vn bn, file cn tn ti, nu khng s c li "w+", "w+t" m mt file mi c/ghi theo kiu vn bn, nu file tn ti, n s b xo "r+b" m mt file c/ghi theo kiu nh phn, file cn tn ti, nu khng s c li "w+b" m mt file mi c/ghi theo kiu nh phn, nu file tn ti, n s b xo "a+b" m mt file c/ghi b sung theo kiu nh phn, nu file cha tn ti th to file mi

int fclose (FILE *stream); ng mt file int fcloseall (void); ng tt c cc file ang m int fflush (FILE *stream); xo vng m bn phm int flushall (void); xo vng m bn phm, thng s dng trc cc hm nh gets hoc scanf FILE *freopen (const char *filename, const char *mode, FILE *fp); FILE *_fsopen (const char *filename, const char *mode, int shflg); void setbuf (FILE *stream, char *buf); int setvbuf (FILE *stream, int mode, size_t n); FILE *tmpfile (void); char *tmpnam (char *s); Truy nhp vo c v tr file int fseek (FILE *stream, long offset, int whence); chuyn con tr n v tr bt k trn file (nn dng theo kiu nh phn) long ftell (FILE *stream); cho bit v tr hin ti ca con tr ch v void rewind (FILE *stream); chuyn con tr v v tr u file int fgetpos (FILE *stream, fops_t *pos); int fsetpos (FILE *stream, const fops_t *pos); Qun l li void clearer (FILE *stream); int feof (FILE *stream); cho bit n cui file hay cha int ferror (FILE *stream); cho bit c li (khc 0) hay khng c li (bng 0) void perror (const char *s); thng bo li trn mn hnh (khi bit c li) Cc hm xut/nhp k t int getc (FILE *stream); c k t t file int getchar (void); nhn mt k t t stdin, hm tr v k t nhn c char *gets (char *s); nhp mt chui k t t stdin int fgetc (FILE *stream); c k t t file char *fgets (char *c, int n, FILE *stream); c mt chui k t t file int fputc (int c, FILE *stream); ghi k t ln file int fputs (const char *s, FILE *stream); ghi mt chui k t ln file int putc (int c, FILE *stream); ghi k t ln file int putchar (int c); a mt k t ra stdout int puts (const char *s); a mt chui k t ra stdout int ungetc (int c, FILE *stream); Cc hm nhp xut theo kiu vn bn int cprintf (const char *format [,argument,...]); int cscanf (const char *format [,address,...]); int fprintf (FILE *stream, const char *format [,argument,...]); ghi d liu theo khun dng ln file int fscanf (FILE *stream, const char *format [,address,...]); c d liu theo khun dng t file int printf (const char *format [,argument,...]); xut d liu theo nh dng int scanf (const char *format [,address,...]); nhp d liu theo nh dng

int sprintf (char *buffer, const char *format [,argument,...]); int sscanf (const char *buffer, const char *format [,address,...]); int vfprintf (FILE *stream, const char *format, va_list arglist); int vfscanf (FILE *stream, const char *format, va_list arglist); int vprintf (const char *format, va_list arglist); int vscanf (const char *format, va_list arglist); int vsprintf (char *buffer, const char *format, va_list arglist); int vsscanf (char *buffer, const char *format, va_list arglist); Cc hm nhp xut theo kiu nh phn int getw (FILE *stream); c mt s nguyn t file int putw (int w, FILE *stream); ghi mt s nguyn ln file size_t fread (void *ptr, size_t size, size_t n, FILE *stream); c mt s mu tin t file size_t fwrite (void *ptr, size_t size, size_t n, FILE *stream); ghi mt s mu tin ln file Xo hoc i tn file int remove (const char *filename); xo mt file int rename (const char *filename1, const char *filename2); i tn mt file int unlink (const char *filename); xo mt file Cc hm nhp xut cp 1 Cc file tiu v bin chun s dng cc hm cp 1, ta cn ti cc file tiu sau: io.h cha cc nguyn mu ca cc hm cp 1 fcntl.h cha cc nh ngha quyn truy nhp (access) sys/stat.h cha cc nh ngha thuc tnh (mode) dos.h cha cc nh ngha thuc tnh (attribute) theo DOS Ngoi ra, cn cn n bin chun ca C _fmode (nh ngha trong fcntl.h v stdlib.h) xc nh kiu nhp xut (nh phn hay vn bn) int creat (const char *path, int mode); to mt file mi c thuc tnh cho bi mode. Trong trng hp file tn ti: -Nu file ghi, n s b xo -Nu file c th b li -Khi c li, hm tr v -1 -Khi thnh cng, hm tr v s hiu file (handle) Thuc tnh S_IREAD file c, khng th xo, sa cha, b sung S_IWRITE file ghi, c th xo, sa cha, b sung int _creat (const char *path, int attrib); to mt file mi theo kiu nh phn Thuc tnh FA_RDONLY file ch c, khng th xo, s cha, b sung FA_ARCH file ghi FA_HIDDEN file n, khng hin trong lnh DIR ca DOS int open (const char *path, int access [, unsigned mode ]); m mt file c hoc xy dng file mi c, ghi i access Gi tr ngha

O_APPEND ghi b sung O_BINARY kiu nhp xut nh phn O_CREAT to file (nu cha c) O_RDONLY ch c O_RDWR c v ghi O_TEXT kiu nhp xut vn bn O_TRUNC xo file nu c tn ti O_WRONLY nbsp;ch ghi int _open (const char *filename, int oflag); m mt file tn ti c, ghi int close (int handle); ng mt file int _close (int handle); ng mt file int chmod (const char *path, int amode); thay i thuc tnh file int _chmod (const char *path, int func [, int attrib ]); thay i thuc tnh file theo kiu DOS int write (int handle, void *buf, unsigned len); ghi mt dy cc byte ln file, nu thnh cng, hm tr v mt s bng s byte ghi c, c li tr v -1 int read (int handle, void *buf, unsigned len); c mt dy cc byte t file long lseek (int handle, long offset, int fromwhere); di chuyn con tr ch v DANH MC CC HM TRONG TH VIN HA arc v cung trn c gc bt u, gc kt thc, ta tm bar v hnh ch nht c t bn trong bar3d v hnh ch nht theo khng gian 3 chiu c t bn trong circle v hnh trn cleardevice xo mn hnh, a con tr v gc trn-bn tri clearviewport xo khung hnh closegraph ng ch ha detectgraph kim tra phn cng v xc nh trnh iu khin v ch drawpoly v a gic vi kiu nt v v mu hin ti ellipse v cung elip fillellipse v hnh elip c t mu fillpoly t a gic c s dng b chuyn i qut floodfill t mt min b chn, dung mu t v mu hin ti getarccoords nhn li ta v cung getaspectratio tr li h s tng quan t l trn mn hnh getbkcolor nhn li mu nn hin ti getcolor nhn li mu v hin ti getdefaultpalette nhn li bng mu ngm nh getdrivername nhn li tn v mch ha getfillpattern nhn li mu t getfillsettings nhn li mu t c thit lp mi nht getgraphmode nhn li ch ha hin ti getimage ct nh bit ca mt vng hnh vo trong b nh m getlinesettings nhn li kiu v, nt v v dy nt v getmaxcolor nhn li gi tr mu ln nht c th c ca ch ha getmaxmode nhn li gi tr ch cao nht c th c

getmaxx nhn li gi tr phn gii ngang getmaxy nhn li gi tr phn gii dc getmodename nhn li tn ch ha getmoderamge nhn li ch ln nht v thp nht ca v ha getpalettesize nhn li gi tr bng mu getpixel nhn li mu ca im v getpalette nhn li gi tr bng mu gettextsettings nhn li gi tr v kiu ch, hng vit, kch thc getviewsettings nhn li thng tin v khung hnh v cc tham s getx nhn li ta x ca v tr ha hin ti gety nhn li ta y ca v tr ha hin ti graphdefaults a v tr con tr hin ti v gc trn bn tri, khi ng li ch ha grapherrormsg nhn li cc xu k t thng bo li cho errorcode graphresult nhn li gi tr bo li ca thao tc ha cui cng imagesize tr li gi tr s byte cn thit ct mt vng ch nht trn mn hnh intalluserdrive ci t cc trnh iu khin ha mi vo bng BGI intalluserfont ci t mt font ch mi cha trong h thng BGI initgraph khi to vo ch ha line v mt on thng gia 2 im ch r linerel v mt on thng vi khong cch tng i lineto v mt on thng t im hin ti ti... moverel dch chuyn v tr hin ti ti im mi theo ta tng i moveto dch chuyn v tr hin ti ti im mi outtext vit ra dng vn bn ti v tr hin ti outteaxtxy vit ra dng vn bn ti v tr (x,y) pieslice v mt ming bnh trn putimage np hnh nh bit vo mn hnh putpixel v mt im nh ti ta (x,y) rectangle v hnh ch nht khng t bn trong vi mu v nt v hin ti registerbgidriver ng k trnh iu khin BGI vi h thng ha registerbgifont ng k font BGI vi h thng ha restorecrtmode khi phc li ch mn hnh gc trc khi ch ha c khi to dng sector v v t mt ming khung hnh elip setactivepage thay i trang tch cc cho ra ha setallpalette thay i ton b bng mu setaspectratio thay i t l tng quan ngang dc setbkcolor t mu nn setcolor t mu v hin ti setfillpattern t mu t do ngi dung nh ngha setfillstyle t mu v mu t setgraphbufsize thay i kch thc b nh m qut v t setgraphmode t h thng ti ch ha v xo mn hnh setlinestyle t kiu nt v setpalette thay i gi tr bng mu setrgbppalette thay i gi tr bng mu cho v mch IBM8514 v VGA settextjustify t ch cn l cho outtext v outtextxy

settexttyle thit lp font ch, hng, kch thc vit ch ha setusercharsize thay i rng v chiu cao font vector setviewport thit lp khung nhnh ha setvisualpage thit lp s trang nhn setwritemode thit lp cch thc ghi ln mn hnh v l COPY ln hay XNOR textheight tr li cao ca xu ch, tnh theo pixel textwidth tr li rng c xu ch, tnh theo pixel TH VIN PROCESS.H Cc hm kim sot qu trnh int system (const char *command); thc him mt cu lnh DOS, thnh cng tr v 0, c li tr v -1 void abort (void); kt thc chng trnh mt cch khng bnh thng void exit (int status); kt thc chng trnh mt cch bnh thng TH VIN MATH.H Cc hm ton hc du chm ng double acos (double x); tr v arc cosine ca x, c biu din t 0 n double asin (double x); tr v arc sine ca x, c biu din t -/2 n /2 double atan (double x); tr v arc tangent ca x, c biu din t -/2 n /2 double atan2 (double x, double y); tr v arc tangent ca x/y, c biu din t - n double cabs (struct complex x); tr v gi tr tuyt i ca s phc x double ceil (double x); tr v phn nguyn ca s chm ng khng nh hn x (lm trn s ln) double cos (double x); tr v cos ca x, c biu din theo radian double cosh (double x); tr v gi tr cosine hyperbolic ca x double exp (double x); tr v ex double fabs (double x); tr v gi tr tuyt i ca s thc x double floor (double x); tr v phn nguyn ca s chm ng khng ln hn x (lm trn s xung) double fmod (double x, double y); ly phn d ca php chia (x/y), y phi khc 0 double frexp (double x, int *exponent); ly phn gi tr ca x khi tch nh m trong khong 0,5 n 1 hay m=0 double ldexp (double x, int exponent); double log (double x); tr v logarit t nhin ca x double log10 (double x); tr v logarit c s 10 ca x double modf (double x, double *ipart); tch s x thnh phn s nguyn v phn s l sau du chm thp phn, ct phn nguyn trong *ipart v tr v phn l double pow (double x, double y); tr v xy double pow10 (int x); tr v x10 double sin (double x); tr v sin ca x, c biu din theo radian double sinh (double x); tr v gi tr sine hyperbolic ca x double sqrt (double x); tr v cn bc 2 ca x double tan (double x); tr v tang ca x, c biu din theo radian double tanh (double x); tr v gi tr tangent hyperbolic ca x int abs (int x); tr v gi tr tuyt i ca s nguyn x long double cabsl (struct complexl (x)); long double frexp (long double (x));

long double fabsl (long double @E (x)); long double frexp (long double (x), int *(exponent)); long double ldexpl (long double (x), int (exponent)); long double modfl (long double (x), long double *(ipart)); long double pow101 (int (x)); tr v x101 long int labs (long int x); TH VIN DOS.H Cc hm truy nhp trc tip vo b nh char peekb (unsigned segment, unsigned offset); nhn mt byte ti a ch phn on segment:offset int peek (unsigned segment, unsigned offset); nhn li mt t ti a ch phn on segment:offset void poke (unsigned segment, unsigned offset, int value); gi gi tr nguyn value vo b nh ti a ch phn on segment:offset void pokeb (unsigned segment, unsigned offset, char value); gi gi tr k t value vo b nh ti a ch phn on segment:offset TH VIN DIR.H Cc hm kim sot th mc char *getcwd (char *buf, int buflen); ly tn th mc ch, hm tr v buf int chdir (const char *path); i th mc ch (c ng dn), nu thnh cng tr v 0, c li tr v -1 int findfirst (const char *pathname, struct ffblk *ffblk, int attrib); tm file trn th mc (c ng dn, thuc tnh), nu tm thy tr v 0, c li tr v -1 int findnext (struct ffblk *ffblk); tip tc tm file trn th mc theo cc ch dn cho trong ffblk, nu tm thy tr v 0, c li tr v -1 int getcurdir (int driver, char *directory); chuyn th mc hin hnh), nu thnh cng tr v 0, c li tr v -1 int mkdir (const char *path); to th mc mi (c ng dn), nu thnh cng tr v 0, c li tr v -1 int rmdir (const char *path); xo th mc (c ng dn), nu thnh cng tr v 0, c li tr v -1 TH VIN CTYPE.H Cc hm qun l, kim tra k t int isalnum (int c); tr v khc 0 nu c biu din mt k t alphanumeric (ch ci hay ch s) int isalpha (int c); tr v khc 0 nu c biu din mt k t ch alphabetic (A-Z hay a-z) int isascii (int c); tr v khc 0 nu c biu din mt k t c m ASCII t 0-127 int iscntrl (int c); tr v khc 0 nu c biu din mt k t iu khin, c m ASCII t 0 n 0x1F hoc m bng 0x7F (DEL) int isdigit (int c); tr v khc 0 nu c biu din mt k t s (0-9) int isgraph (int c); tr v khc 0 nu c biu din mt k t in c, c m ASCII t 0x21 n 0x7E (khng k k t khong trng) int islower (int c); tr v khc 0 nu c biu din mt k t ch thng (a-z) int isprint (int c); tr v khc 0 nu c biu din mt k t in c, c m ASCII t 0x20 n 0x7E (k c k t khong trng) int ispunct (int c); tr v khc 0 nu c biu din mt k t du (khc k t alphanumeric v k t khong trng) int isspace (int c); tr v khc 0 nu c biu din mt k t khong trng int isupper (int c); tr v khc 0 nu c biu din mt k t ch hoa (A-Z) int isxdigit (int c); tr v khc 0 nu c biu din mt k t s thp lc phn (0-9, A-F hay a-f) int toascii (int c); chuyn c v m ASCII tng ng nu c biu din mt k t trong bng m ASCII

int tolower (int c); chuyn c thnh k t thng tng ng nu c biu din mt k t hoa int toupper (int c); chuyn c thnh k t hoa tng ng nu c biu din mt k t thng