You are on page 1of 22

- - ...

1 of 22

http://www.theseis.com/index2.php?option=com_content&task=view&...


(1893-1900)
38, : - 1992

(1893 - 1900):
1

1.
1893-1900
,
(
, - .. - 3, . 514, 1952).
: (
, , ),
:
,
. (...)
(...)
( " "
;, . . . 1, 1952, . 271).
,
, ,
, ,
( )
. ,
1905 1917,

1.500
1893-1900. ,


19 .
, , (
)
19

. ,
, ,

:
,
1893-1900

(
). , , ,

, . ,
()
( ) .

1/11/2012 9:04

- - ...

2 of 22

http://www.theseis.com/index2.php?option=com_content&task=view&...

2. 1890 - 1900:

2.1 1861
19
1861.
' ,
, ()
(
) . ,
,
, , () ,
. ' () , ,
2. (1866)
:
,
() .
1860
() .
() ,
3 , ,
()
, ,
,
, (). , ,
,
. ,

.
,
, , , .
,
: ( ) ,
' (
, ).
. (
) (
) 4 .
1860
'
. ,
(
)
.
, , ,
, .
,

1/11/2012 9:04

- - ...

3 of 22

http://www.theseis.com/index2.php?option=com_content&task=view&...


. ( ,
,
, 1906, 1905).

' : ,
, , . , ,
,
. , ,
,
(
,
- , .. - ). , V.I. Sassulitsch
(1881), :
, ,
, (M.E.W. . 19, . 399).
(
) , ,
. ,
,
, , () .

. , ,
,
1861 . ,
(1853-1856)
.
1861, -
, - : )
, )
,
, ) ,
,
, ) , ..
,
,
, , : .
() ,
()
. , , , .
, , ()

.

1861 , , ,
, , ..5
, 19
.

2.2 :

1/11/2012 9:04

- - ...

4 of 22

http://www.theseis.com/index2.php?option=com_content&task=view&...


19 ,
( )
,
:
( ) ( 2.000 )
1897, 12,76%
(.. . 3, - . .., . 573, . 1989 . 298).
(
2.000 - .. .3, . 574 -
2.000 - . . . 582),
,
1897 15%
. 1896 31% 6.
, 22% ( 5.000
) 9% ( 2.0005.000 ) (
1934, . 226, 1988, . 247).
1870 1880.
, ,
, . 1890
91 (.. . 1, . 320, . 1952), 1892
256.469 (. ., . 3, . 519).
18901892 , 1892 , , 2,8
( maximum) 1.000 . 1889 3,9
1.000 ( 1934 . 144, 1988, . 246-247)7.
139% .
19
, . 1894 1.000 38
85 ( 1934, . 201,
1988, . 245 247), 1895 1,6
51,6 1.000 (. . . 3, . 569 513). (
) 1.000 () 24
.

19 .
1897,
, , ,
: 74,6% , 9,8%
, 4% , 1,5% (.. . 3, . 513).
, 1907 (10
), 1879 (18 ).
:
) 1879: 56,94% , 10,06% , 11,30%
5,31% .
) 1907: 50,05% , 18,33% , 8,75%
4,85% . (
191213 . 1920 23,
1922,
57,52% 1920 61,11% 1928) ( 1934, . 413 1988, . 246).
, , 1879

1/11/2012 9:04

- - ...

5 of 22

http://www.theseis.com/index2.php?option=com_content&task=view&...

1897.

( ), .
1907.
20 (1901)
59,4%, 26,7%, 24,4% ( 1907) 36,0%.
8,9% , 41,7% ,
35,7% 45,6% ( 1907) (Sternberg F. Der Imperialismus, Berlin 1926,
Frankfurt 1971, . 425,519,553 508 ).
, ,
:

(, , ),
,
,
1821 (1821-1827) ( 1988, . 163-225).
,
,
20 !
, '
, ,
.. :
( ) !8 (
, , - ,
. ,

, !)

!
.
, ( )
!

2.3
( )

(1893-1900)
. , ,
, (
1890-1900) .

1861
( ,
.) (...)
(. . . 1, . 527, . 1952, ).
, 19 ,
, .
:
,
"" (.

1/11/2012 9:04

- - ...

6 of 22

http://www.theseis.com/index2.php?option=com_content&task=view&...

, . .) ' (
, .., . 2, . 1952, . 242).
(18561918), , 1877
\ . 1883,
.
( ) . . (
, 18441918), (
1896, 1894),
9.
: "" "" '
... a la . ( , . . . 3, . 633)'.
1860, ,
' ,
. ,
(
)
( " ". .., . . . 1, 281).
( , ,
,
) , .
"
. , ,
,
, , (. ..
;, . . . 2, . 495-538).
, ,
' ,
.
, ' (
) , ,
( )
.12 , ,
.13

3.
3.1

3.1.1
,
, , , ,
,
(. 1983 1983).
, , :
.
, :
,
: ' ,

( ,
), ,
( ,

1/11/2012 9:04

- - ...

7 of 22

http://www.theseis.com/index2.php?option=com_content&task=view&...

)14 .
( )
' ,
.
1881 Vera Sassulitsch,
:

(...)
" " (...) ,
, , ,
,
. (...)
.
,
(M.E.W. . 19 . 396,
, .. .
Milios 1989, 1988, . 137160).

. 1894, " "... :
" " , "" .
(...) ,
, ,
(. . . 1, . 190191). : ,
( 10 ) ,

,
,
(. . . 1, . 270-271)15.
,

:
) (
) ,

.
(...) .
, , ,

, ( " "
)
( , . .
. 1, . 423).
) (.. ), (.. ),
, (
) . ,
,
( " "..., . . . 1, . 218).

( ) ( ). (
)
: , ,
. ,
(...) ( , . . . 1,

1/11/2012 9:04

- - ...

8 of 22

http://www.theseis.com/index2.php?option=com_content&task=view&...

. 482). ( ) (...)
- .
- " " (. 103 .
.) "'' " " (...)
1848 (...)
27 , 1875, : "
" ( " ". ..,
, .. . ,. 317, 327).

, .

3.1.2


, , :
1)
( , ),
: ) ( )
, )
, .

, 16.
2) (
)
() ,
. ( , . R.
Luxemburg 1970, . 227 ..) ,
: ) (
) ,
, (
) () ,
( ), )

(, , ..),
.
( 1 2)17 , ,
( ) (,
, ,

):
, ,
( ) ,
. ,
( )
(
).

, , ,
( - .
, , , , ).

1/11/2012 9:04

- - ...

9 of 22

http://www.theseis.com/index2.php?option=com_content&task=view&...

: ,
(...)
(. . . 3, . 53-54).

, ..
, . ,
,
.

3.2 ,
1890-1900,
: ( ,
..) , , ( , ..,
. ) ( "..".., .. . 1, . 252).
1861
, ( ) 18
. ,
,

, .

: ,
()
, ( )
. ,
, ,
.
( , -
,
- ( )
19.
() ,
( :
). ,
.

19 ,
:
1)

, , " "
. , ,
,
(...) ,
, "" ,
(...)
,
, : 1)
2) ' ,
3) ,

1/11/2012 9:04

- - ...

10 of 22

http://www.theseis.com/index2.php?option=com_content&task=view&...

,
- 4)
(...)
,
. , ,
,
( sweetingsystem), ,
,
, ,
( 1894 95
"" , .. . 2, . 43132).

( 11, 12), ( Grundrisse).
: (...) .
(...)
, ,
, '
, . ( ,
. III, . 424425).

1894, " ' '..." (. .. .. . 1, . 209,217),
( 1894).
2) ,
.
( )
. (
, - - )
,
.
,
( , ,
),
.
,
.
.
. ,
( ). ( )
,
( ) .
() ( )
, , (. 12),
(. 20).
:
"",

. ,
: ' ,
"" .
""
(...)
(.. . 3, . 447-448).

1/11/2012 9:04

- - ...

11 of 22

http://www.theseis.com/index2.php?option=com_content&task=view&...


()
,
,
( ):
, ,
(...), -
'
. (...)
, , (...)
(.. . 3, . 453).
, , ,
,
:
.
, ,
( )
, ,
-
.

3.3
,
, '
,
, ' ,
( , .. . 1, . 465). ,
, , ( , "
". .. 1894-95
), ,
, ,
, (
) .
, , (
) (
),
:
" " , ( sic!)
"", ' "" (...)
: ""=" ",
= '
. ""
"". (...)
, ,
'
"" "" (.. . 3, . 460-61).
. (...)
" ", ,
- ,
. (...)
etc.,
( , .. . 1, . 391).
, ,

1/11/2012 9:04

- - ...

12 of 22

http://www.theseis.com/index2.php?option=com_content&task=view&...

:
""
"" . ,
. , ,
.
, ,
(.. . 3, . 556).

3.4

3.4.1
,
20,
, :
) :
,
() ,

, ' , . ,
:
() ( )
,
(),
.
(.. - ), '
( ).
) , ,

19 , () .
, , .
,
, ,
.
( ' ),
, .
, , ,
,
.

3.4.2
;

: '
, (...) (...)
(.. . 3, . 146, 147).
21 , (
, ..),

1/11/2012 9:04

- - ...

13 of 22

http://www.theseis.com/index2.php?option=com_content&task=view&...

:
,
,
- ( )
. , ,

( , ..),
, (...) (...)
, , , (
, ..) . (.. . 3, . 176-177).
, ,

(.. . 4, . , . 94).
: ""
, , ,
,
. ( )
,
(.. . 3, . 165, . , ..).
,
: ,

: ) ,
( ,
1861 )
( ). 28%
(20% ) 43% . )
, , , .
40% (50% ) 25%
. ) , 32% (30% )
32% .
" "
(6% - 21% 22) , ,
. , , ,
14% 22% ,
. , ,
: (20% ), 31%,
(50% ) 37% (30% ) 32%
(.. . 3, . 120 ..).
, , , ,
, ( ) ,
23. ,
,
, (.. . 3, . 309).
( )
.
.
, ,
, '
: ( , ,
, , ..)
,
.

1/11/2012 9:04

- - ...

14 of 22

http://www.theseis.com/index2.php?option=com_content&task=view&...

,
. , ,
(.
, .. . 3, . 165),
,
. , , , , :
,
,
:
.
(...) (.. . 3 . 168).
,
()
( )
( , 1979, 1990,
1975) , ,
.
, ( ) '

, (Die Agrarfrage, Dietz Verlag,
Stuttgart 1899), -
3 "" (A.A. . 4, . 89).
, , : (1895)
5,5 . 4,25 ., 3 4, 5
( 58% 2 .). 78% (709,5 909 .) 2 .
(1895) 520 . 118 2 . (1892) 2,2 . ( 5,7 .)
1 ., 4 . 5 . ( , A.A. . 4, . 132).
: , ,
(
, , . ., A.A. . 4, . 140).
, ,
. ()
: ,
(...) (
, .. . 4, . 118, . ).
, ,

,
.

3.4.3

. , ,
(. ),

. ,
... (A.A. . 3, . 537, . , ..). ,
(
Grundrisse, V. Sassulitsch ,
..). , , (

1/11/2012 9:04

- - ...

15 of 22

http://www.theseis.com/index2.php?option=com_content&task=view&...

1894)
.
, . 47 3 , ,
' (
) ( ,
, ),
,
( 1978 . 971, 1989, . 307). ,
,
( ),
:
, , , ,
(...)
.
. (...) , '
( 1978 . 972, 1989, .
308).
, , (
) .
' : (
) ,
.
(, , . ..
III, . . . 3, . 181-245).
,
() . ,
, ( 1894,
) 24 ,
( ;, . . . 2, . 537),
:
, , (. . . 3, .
20). , ,
..,
,
"" ("
" .), (A.A. . 3, . 164, . , ..).
( )
: ,
, ,

( , ,
..)
.
1821, , 18 ,
(
),
.
( , , ..,
) ,
(. 1988, . 177206).
() () ,
,
. .
, ,

1/11/2012 9:04

- - ...

16 of 22

http://www.theseis.com/index2.php?option=com_content&task=view&...

.
(
) , ,
* ,
.25 ,

,
:
( ,
. . 2.1)
.
' ,
, 3.4.2,
,
.
, (
), ,

, ()
.

,
,
,
"" .
, ,
,
() ( )
. ,

( ) :
.

1893-1900
. ,
26,
.

:
' ,
, .
.

, ,
.
1875 (
5 ) Der Volksstaat, Nr. 45, 21.4.1875 (Marx Engels

1/11/2012 9:04

- - ...

17 of 22

http://www.theseis.com/index2.php?option=com_content&task=view&...

Werke . 18, . 562567, ' ).


, : ... ...
( , ..), ,
, .
, (...)
,
. , ,
(. 562).
:
, '
, (...) .
( , ..)
. "" " ",
" ". (...)
(...) .
,
" ".
, .
, ,
.
(Wohlstand: ) , .
- -
.
(...) ( ) ( , ..) , . 15: "
(), (Aufkaeufer:
), - ".
,
(Marx Engels Werke . 18, . 562567, . Engels).
V. Sassulitsch (1881, Marx
Engels Werke . 19, . 384406), , ,
189195 (. Marx Engels Werke . 38, . 195197, 303306, 363368, 467470 . 39, . 3638, 148150,
328329, 416).
, 26.2.1895: , ,
(...) ,
,
, ( , ..), , , .
, ,
,
, , , ,
, ,
(Marx Engels Werket. 39, . 416 417).
, ,
, () (. .
2.3), , ,
, . ,
1882,

, ,
. :

. , ,
, .
: ,
, ,
;

1/11/2012 9:04

- - ...

18 of 22

http://www.theseis.com/index2.php?option=com_content&task=view&...

; ' :
,
,
( 1965, . 12).

1.. ,
30.103.11.1991.
2. , 1. 1. 1878, 17 ,
25% (. Marx, Notizen zur Reform von 1861 in Russland, M.E.W, . 19, . 416417).
: , ..
. (..)
(. . . 414, . ).
1861, . : ,
, , (...)
, 15 1 , ,
(. , ' , , , . ', . 685, 1927).
3.0 1861 22,5 ,
55 . 110 , 32
(M.E.W. . 12, . 677, M.E.W. . 38, . 642). 1877, , 116,7
. (1 .=1,092 ) (55% ), 94 . .
(. Rabehl, Marx und Lenin, Westberlin 1973, . 153, 1881 Foreign Office 1888, . 18). 1905
: , ,
, 280 . . 140 . . 5 .
. 2,5 . . ,
30.000 500 , 70 . , .
10 . ( , . ', . 51, 1972).
4. :
) , Grundrisse , . ', . , 1990, . , . 358389.
) , , 1989, . 283308. ( , , ).
) , , . , , . (
1960 . ,
1967).
) , ,
, . 1973, (, . 147. . ,
).
) , , . 1979, ', . 175450.
) , . , . , 1988,
8, . 163206.
5. 1912 19 : " "
, ,
, (R. Luxemburg, Die Akkumulation des
Kapitals, Frankfurt M. 1970,4 ).
' 1890 1 3
(34% 1893, 62% 1894,27% 1896, . Rabehl, Marx und Lenin, Westberlin 1973, . 175).
6. 1891, ( 2.000 ) 37,4%, 35,3%
47,0% (Sternberg F. Der Imperialismus, Berlin 1926, Frankfurt 1971, . 520).
7. 1889 2.187.208 . , 1889 Bickford Smith,
145, 8.568 (. ,
, , . (), . 144, 1934).
8. ,
, .
, (...)
, , ,
(, ., , 1985, . 94 102).
: ) , . (1989): , ,

1/11/2012 9:04

- - ...

19 of 22

http://www.theseis.com/index2.php?option=com_content&task=view&...

: , . . 27,4. - 6. S9, , )
, . (1989): "" ,
, . 29, 10.12. 89, .
9. 3339 Marx Engels (M.E.W.) ; , (
Eleanor - Laura - Lafarque) .
10. 1912 ; :
( , ..) .
(R. Luxemburg, Die Akkumulation des Kapitals, Frankfurt M. 1970, . 206).
11. R. Luxemburg, Die Akkumulation des
Kapitals, Frankfurt M. 1970, o. 203221. ( 1870)
. ,
, ( ),
, , ( ).
( , ) ,
.., ,
. () ,
. , , ,
, .
, ., , ,
. .
Rosdolsky (1969) - - Dutschke (1974).
12. 1893 .
' ,

. , 18931894
, (
1894) (
1897). (
) , , . R. Luxemburg
( , , , ) , , (R.
Luxemburg, "Die Akkumulation des Kapitals", . 207).
13. , : . (
, . .) "". ,
. ( , . . .3, . 650).
14. = , .
(...) ,
... to (...)
' -
- '
(. , , , 1983, . 126 127).
15. , , ;
.
16. ; . ,
(...) , (...) ,
(...) , , (...) ,
, . , , (...)
(. . . 3, . 311). (...),
, ,
, ( ), ,
(. . . 3, . 24).
17.. . : ' , . . . 1, . 67119, , . . . 2,
117257, , , . . . 3, . 1954.
18..
(.. . 3, . 310).
(.. . 3, . 163).
19.. ( ) ,
(...)
,
(.. . 3, . 363).
20.. ; (1893, .. . 1, .
166), . ,
(1899, .. . 3), , ,
, ( II, III
IV) ,
.
21.. , : : 1) 2)
" " . (...)

1/11/2012 9:04

- - ...

20 of 22

http://www.theseis.com/index2.php?option=com_content&task=view&...

, - (.. . 3, 274
270).
22.. .
, 500 . 0,3%
. :
, (.. . 3, . 515).
23.. , ,
:
"" ( 20% 2630%
2936% ...) ( , .. . 3, . 648).
,
, () ,

( ). ( )
: ,
; (.. . 3, . 368).
24..
(.. . 3, . 65).
25.. 3.2,
, , , .
1894 95 : ,
, ,
" "; ,
. , ; (...)
, , , ,
" "; (...) "
",
, (. . . 2, . 453454).
, , . Foreign Office, 1892,
Miscellaneous series, No 217, Report on the Condition of Labour in Russia, . 4.
26.. , , ,
, :
- , , - ,
- , .

., ' , ,
, . ', . 685, 1927). , ,
. , 1975. ,
, , , 1973. , .,
, 1985.
Dutschke R., Versuch, Lenin auf die Fe zu stellen, Berlin 1974. .., ,
, . (), . 412413, 1934. Kautsky Karl, Die Agrarfrage,
1899,
Graz 1971. , . 120 , . ,
1989.
.., (A.A.), 1,2, 3, 5, , 1952. .., (..), 4,
, 1980. Luxemburg Rosa, Die Akkumulation des Kapitals, Verlag Neue Kritik, Frankfurt 1970.
, , , , III, AI, A2 . , 1963 - .
, 1978. , , . , 1989. , Grundrisse, . ', .
, 1990. ., , . ,
1983.
Marx Karl, , . , 1983. . .,

1/11/2012 9:04

- - ...

21 of 22

http://www.theseis.com/index2.php?option=com_content&task=view&...

, . , 1965.
Marx Engels Werke (MEW), 12, 14, 15, 18, 19, 37, 38, 39, Berlin (Ost) 1977. ,
- ,
', , . 4, 1983. , - ,
1 , , . 5, 1983. , .
, . , 1988. ,
, . 26, 1989.
, (19 20 ), .
41, 5.6. 1990.
Milios J., The Problem of Capitalist Development: Theoretical Considerations in View of the Industrial Countries
and the New Industrial Countries, in Capitalist Development and Crisis Theory, edited by Gottdiener Komninos,
MACMILLAN, London 1989.
., ,
, . (), . 144, 1934.
Philip ., , ...., 1973.
Rabehl, B., Marx und Lenin, Westberlin 1973.
Rosdolsky R., Zur Entstehungsgeschichte des Marxschen "Kapital", Band II, EVA, Frankfurt M. 1969.
.., , , . (), . 223236,
1934.
., , , . (), . 200205, 1934.
., , , :
, , . 27,4,6, 1989, .
., ""
, , . 29, 10.12. 1989, .
, , .
1979, 2 .
Sternberg F. Der Imperialismus, Berlin 1926, Frankfurt M 1971
, , . , , .
., , . ', , 1972.
Foreign Office 1887, Miscellaneous series, No 62, Report on Pauperism, Benevolent Institutions, and Industrial
Establishments in Russia. ( . ).
- 1888, Miscellaneous series, No 82, Report on Russian Agriculture 18861887. ( . ).
- 1892, Miscellaneous series, No 217, Report on the Condition of Labour in Russia. ( .
).
- 1892, Miscellaneous series, No 254, Report on Russian Agriculture and the Failure of Harvest in 1891. (
. ).
- 1895, Miscellaneous series, No 356, Report on the Agricultural Position of Russia. ( .
).

1/11/2012 9:04

- - ...

22 of 22

http://www.theseis.com/index2.php?option=com_content&task=view&...

1/11/2012 9:04

You might also like