NC M MT VI QUAN ST TS. V Th Dng Khoa Qun L Cng Nghip, i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.

.HCM Tri vi tng tng ca ti trc khi ln ng n M theo hc chng trnh PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) v Marketing, cm nhn u tin ca ti l mt nc M thanh bnh v thn thin tuy c rt nhiu xa l v vn ha v ng x. V cht lng ging dy, c hi hc tp v iu kin nghin cu khoa hc th nc M qu tht l thin ng cho nhng ai thc s mong mun tch ly kin thc. Bn cnh vic nghin cu chuyn mn v tm hiu v h thng gio dc M, ti cn kim nghim c rt nhiu bi hc hay t cc quan st v kinh nghim sng (tuy cn kh t) t nc ny. Mt li th khi nc ngoi chnh l s so snh v rt kinh nghim gia hai h thng. Chnh t so snh, cc quan st tr nn c nhiu ngha hn. Ti khng c tham vng a ra mt bc tranh tng quan m trong bi vit ny ti ch mun chia s cc cu chuyn hay m ti thy c. Mt gc nhn v Vn ha M iu u tin ti hc c khi n M c l chnh l vn ha xp hng. Tnh tin siu th, vo rp chiu phim, c quan nh nc, cc vn phng ca trng i hc, ra n ch tri ch no cng xp hng mt cch t nhin mt cch trt t. Ch hai ngi cng xp hng. Xp hng th hin tnh k lut ca tng phn t v tnh hiu qu ca c h thng. H ti c dp v nc, v lc ny bi hc v xp hng mi r nt trong ti. Chng ta gn nh khng c khi nim xp hng m ch c khi nim chen ln, hai ngi cng chen ln. y c hai . Th nht l thc ca ngi dn thp v h thng gio dc ca chng ta khng quan tm n nhng vic tng nh rt nh nhng rt c bn ny. V th hai l cht lng ca qun l. R rng t chc mi ngi xp hng cho mt dch v l vic khng kh v chng tn chi ph nhng cc nh qun l khng nhn din c, do vy lm gim hiu qu hot ng ca c h thng v nguy hi hn l c x gia cc thnh vin trong x hi rt hn hc v thiu vn minh. Cu chuyn xp hng tuy nh nhng c ngha ln. Nhn rng ra cc vn khc ca x hi, c th thy phn ln dn M rt tn trng v tun th php lut. iu ny hi tri vi nhng g m chng ta hay mng tng v M mt x hi t do. Thc s dn M rt t do nhng t do trong khun kh ca php lut, nhng g php lut khng cm ngi dn c quyn lm. X hi M l in hnh ca mt x hi c vn hnh theo lut l (rule-based society), tc l tt c u c qui nh, vit thnh vn bn, v truyn thng rng ri. Ta n l u mi quan trng phn x mi tranh chp trong x hi. Ngi dn bit quyn li v ngha v ca mnh, cng nh thc c vai tr ca cc c quan chnh ph. Do vy h rt t tin trong chc nng cng dn ca mnh v nu cc vin chc hay c quan chnh ph vi phm quyn ca cng dn h s b kin ra ta. Ta n thc s c ngha v quyn lc v n l mt th ch hon ton c lp hnh php v lp php. V y chnh l c ch hn ch tham nhng, lm quyn, vt quyn ca cc vin chc nh nc. X hi kiu ny khc nhiu vi cc x hi ng cc x hi vn hnh da nhiu trn cc mi quan h (relation based society) c nhn. Mi c nhn hay mi nhm t thit lp cc mi quan h v s dng cc mi quan h t cc mc tiu x hi ca mnh thay v s dng h thng php lut chung. Lut php khng r rng, y v khng c nghim tc thc thi chnh l c s ca cc x hi nhm ny. Khng cm nhng cng khng c quyn lm iu ny lm cho dn chng nh mt t tin v tnh t tn cng dn cn thit cho mt x hi dn ch. Gn y cc lnh o cao cp ca ng v Nh nc ta ang ku gi nhn dn gim st hot ng ca cc c quan nh nc. iu ny tr

thnh hin thc, i km vi y mnh gio dc quyn v thc cng dn, cc ta n phi c quyn hn thc s, c lp v mnh thit lp k cng trn nn tng php l. Cnh tranh quyt lit, mi lc mi ni l c im kh r nt trong vn ha M. Khng ch trong kinh doanh m cnh tranh xut hin mi ni: trong chnh tr, trong hc tp, trong cc t chc ca sinh vin, trong thi u th thao... Tm ra nhng ci hay, mi, ci tin v sng to l nhng gi tr m dn M ht sc coi trng. Cc hnh thc qung co cnh tranh ca M thc s a dng v tr tu, nhng nu theo di cc chng trnh truyn hnh cht vn ca c tri vi cc ng c vin Tng Thng mi thy cnh tranh trong chnh tr c ngha quan trng nh th no trong i sng dn ch. Cnh tranh quyt lit nhng khng c ngha l bng mi th on. Dn M bit chp nhn thua cuc mt cch ng hong v chp nhn hc hi t thnh cng ca i th. Tuy nhin cnh tranh khng nht thit lun l thng- thua (win-lose) m trong rt nhiu trng hp n l tnh hung cng thng (win-win), l thuyt cnh tranh m nhiu doanh nghip M s dng cng thay i t cnh tranh i u sang cnh tranh hp tc. C l y chnh l phn gi tr vn ha quan trng ngi M thnh cng trong rt nhiu phng din. Cnh tranh lnh mnh gp phn nng cao cht lng cuc sng ca dn chng. Hin nay hu ht cc cng ty M u p dng chnh sch m bo s hi lng ca khch hng, ngha l sau khi mua hng nu khng hi lng khch hng c quyn tr li hng v c hon li 100% chi ph. Mt s cc nh bn l nh Best Buy, Home Depot, Sears p dng chnh sch so snh gi. Ngha l nu ngi tiu dng pht hin ra gi ca sn phm ni khc bn r hn th nhng nh bn l ny s gim gi bn ng nh gi ca i th. Ci m v chp nhn i mi c l cng l mt phm cht rt c th ca x hi M. H tip thu rt nhanh vi nhng ci mi, ci m chp nhn mi s khc bit. c im ny c l xut pht t ngun gc lp quc ca nc M, dn M l mt tp hp ca rt nhiu sc dn trn th gii ng nh tn gi Hp Chng Quc. Vn ha v tp qun M do vy l s tng hp, k tha ca nhiu nn vn ha. Dn M khng c thnh kin vi nhng iu khc bit. c im vn ha ny khuyn khch mi c nhn nu c nng lc ph b mi khun kh, l li c so mn thit lp nhng gi tr mi. Sng to tr thnh gi tr quan trng trong x hi. iu ny c th hin rt r trong ton b h thng gio dc M. Hc sinh t nh c khuyn khch tm hiu v a ra nhng ci mi. Hc tp lun i i vi quan st, thc hnh, v nh gi. nh gi y l ngi hc t nh gi nhng im mnh v im yu ca iu mnh ang hc. Hc sinh hc cch cng nhn cc gi tr ca bi hc nhng cng ng thi phi ch ra nhng cch tip cn khc cho cng mt vn v so snh gia cc phng php hay gii php. Khng c khun vng thc ngc no tn ti mi trong khoa hc, nhng vn hm qua ng (ngay c ng cng khng phi trong mi trng hp), hm nay c th sai v chnh nhng ngi hm nay phi tm ra ci sai xy nhng chun mc mi. y chnh l ch khc bit rt ln vi cch gio dc ca chng ta. Chng ta hu nh ch cung cp mt li gii cho mt vn v l li gii tuyt i ng, hc sinh hc thuc lng cc li gii . Khen, ch u c mu sn cng hc thuc. V khi ph phn mt cch tip cn/ mt quan im khc, thm ch chng ta cng chng cho ngi hc bit v ni dung cch tip cn/ quan im m ch cung cp nhng li ph bnh c sn. Hc sinh ca ta do vy rt thiu t tin v km tnh sng to. Khng c tnh sng to th khng c x hi v nn kinh t tri thc. X hi in t Nu ni n mt c trng khc ca nc M c l phi ni n mc p dng cng ngh thng tin. Qu vy, nc M l mt x hi in t vi ng ngha en ca n. My tnh, internet, in thoi di ng c mt mi ni trong i sng x hi t qun l nh nc, trng hc, giao thng n kinh doanh, mua bn, trao i thng tin.

An tng ln nht i vi ti v x hi in t c l n t cht lng ca chnh ph in t ca M. Tt c cc c quan chnh ph t cp lin bang, tiu bang n thnh ph u c website v mi thng tin v lut php, qui nh, th tc, cc cu hi thng gp, cc dch v u c trn mng. Mi ngi dn u c 1 s An sinh x hi (social security number), v chnh ph dng con s ny qun l x hi, cc thng tin v mi c nhn lin tc c cp nht v da trn cc thng tin cc c quan chnh ph s cung cp cc dch v cho cng dn. Chng hn, bng li xe c 5 nm s ht hn 1 ln, v trc vi thng DMV (c quan ph trch cp bng) s gi thng bo nhc nh v cc biu mu cn thit v tn nh. Ta c th theo ch dn ng k gia hn v thanh ton ngay trn mng v sau vi ngy bng li mi s c gi v nh. Cng nh vy khi mua xe hi v mua bo him cho xe, ta ch cn c qua in thoi cc thng tin v xe (nh s ng k) v cung cp s an sinh ca mnh hng bo him s truy cp c ngay thng tin v tnh trng chic xe v chi tit v c nhn a ra chi ph bo him. Chi ph ny cng c th c thanh ton trn mng thng qua ti khon c nhn hay bng th tn dng. i truyn hnh M dnh 2 knh lin tc truyn cc cuc tho lun, i cht ca quc hi vi chnh ph. Cc quan chc cao cp nu c nhng pht biu hay vic lm tin hu bt nht cng s c cc i truyn hnh v gii phng vin cng b. Mi y, ngay khi ph Tng Thng Dick Cheney pht biu trn truyn hnh ng h Bush trong vic sa hin php cm hn nhn ng gii, CNN v cc i truyn hnh khc lp tc pht li pht biu cch y 4 nm ca Cheney ng h quyn ca gii ng tnh. Tht khng d dng g cho cc quan chc khi thng tin n mc hon ho! Cng nh vy trong trng hc, mi sinh vin u c mt c s d liu, bao gm cc thng tin cp nht nh im s, cc mn hc, tnh trng thanh ton hc ph, s sch mn th vin v ngy phi tr. Sinh vin cng dng c s d liu ny ng k cc mn hc cho hc k sau, thanh ton hc ph cho nh trng (qua credit card), np cc h s xin hc bng hay tr cp, tho lun mn hc vi cc bn qua cc din n trn mng (forum). Sinh vin cng c th truy cp cc trang web ca gio s ti v cc bi tp v cc bi ging. Th vin in t cng l mt iu k diu. u sinh vin cng c th truy cp cc c s d liu in t ca trng mnh tm kim cc thng tin cho vic hc nh sch, tp ch chuyn ngnh, cc s liu thng k. Ngay c khi th vin ca trng khng c, th h thng lin th vin (interlibrary) cho php nh v n phm cn tm v sinh vin c th yu cu mn thng quan h thng ny. Cng vic nghin cu ca ti i hi c mt s bi bo chuyn mn t nm 1940 hin ch lu tr bn in mt th vin Anh, vi h thng lin th vin ti tm ra v yu cu th vin Anh cung cp. Vi mt h thng thng tin qun l tt nh vy, cng vic ca cc phng ban trong nh trng tr nn nh nhng hn rt nhiu v cht lng o to cng tng ln rt nhiu v cc b phn c gii phng khi cc cng vic hnh chnh tp trung vo suy ngh ci tin cht lng o to. Ngh m thng cc phng ban ca trng i hc chng ta, sut ngy nh vt vi hng ng giy t v hng chc ngn sinh vin. Bc bi, cu gt, tht lc cng l l thng! Ni n x hi in t c l khng th khng ni n thng mi in t. Cc giao dch thng mi trn mng ang pht trin vi tc chng mt. y l c hi nhng cng l thch thc cho tt c cc doanh nghip v cc quc gia. M hin nay c th mua hu ht mi th trn mng t sch v, DVD, qun o, thc n, my vi tnh v ph kin, cc tin nghi trong gia nh (bn gh) n v my bay, mua tour du lch, t phng khch sn, thu xe hi, ri n tra bn tm ng i n a ch cn thit, cc thng tin v tnh hnh giao thng (kt xe) trn cc xa l. Tt c u trn mng. Thi gian u ti rt ngi mua hng trn mng v nhng l do an ton thng tin v cm gic khng yn tm khi i din vi cc nh cung cp o. Nhng cng s dng ti cng thy h thng rt n nh v ng tin cy. Thng thng mua hng trn mng gi r hn v y l mt th trng trong sut v gi. Ngha l khi mua mt sn phm khch hng trn mng

thng tm kim thng tin t nhiu ngun khc nhau v ngun no cho gi r nht vi dch v tt nht th mua. Trong nhng ci tn ln, phi k n Amazon.com, khng ch l nh cung cp rt nhiu chng loi sn phm trn mng, Amazon cn l mt th trng tp hp cc nh cung cp khc nhau, ai mun bn sn phm th ng k vi Amazon v s c ng trn mng ny. Khi bn c sn phm nh cung cp trch ph cho Amazon. m bo cht lng cung ng, sau khi hon tt mt giao dch, khch hng c yu cu nh gi cht lng nh cung cp v y l mt thng s quan trng cc khch hng chn nh cung cp. Mt khc, vi cc giao dch gi tr ln khch hng c khuyn co mua bo him trnh ri ro. Mt ci tn ln khc E-bay.com li l mt th trng bn u gi, bn th trn tri di t. Sn phm v gi c rt a dng v phn ng rt theo cung cu ca th trng. Cn thy rng khi cc giao dch trn mng pht trin th hng lot cc ngnh dch v lin i nh vn chuyn, bu chnh, tnh dng ngn hng, bo him cng pht trin theo. Chng ta c th ngh n cc c hi xm nhp th trng quc t cho cc doanh nghip Vit Nam thng qua vic tham gia l nh cung cp trn Amazon, hay E-bay. C nhiu vn cn gii quyt nh vn chuyn quc t, thng quan, ngn ng, am hiu cc th tc v k thut giao dch. Tt nhin l kh nhng y l c hi, m c l s l c hi rt quan trng trong tng lai gn. Cn nhiu, rt nhiu chuyn v nc M m nhng quan st cm tnh ca c nhn ti y ch c ngha trao i. Nc M chc chn cng c rt nhiu vn ca n nh nhiu bi bo phn tch. i vi chng ti cc du hc sinh theo hc bng ca chnh ph Vit Nam - c gng hc hi, quan st nhng ci u vit (l do chnh chng ti c gi i hc) ca nc bn gp phn pht trin qu hng mnh s lun l mc tiu chnh yu.