Li m u

Chng ta ang sng trong thi i thng tin(Information Age). l thi i m thng tin
bng n !"i t# $ #hng m%t. C & 'i(n #ho r)ng *Chng ta ang sng trong m$t th( gi"i
th+a thng tin nh,ng thi(- tri th.#/. Ch0 'hi #hng ta # tri th.# !1ng !ng2 -34n th5m2
#hng ta m"i # th6 #h-36n thng tin thnh tri th.#. 7g,8# li2 #hng ta s9 b: nh;n #h<m
trong m$t bi6n thng tin m 'hng bi(t t<m li tho=t nh, th( no. C>ng h8? l& 'hi %# tr,ng
#@a thi i l nAn 'inh t( tri th.#. $ng lB# #hCnh #ho sB tDn ti ! ?h=t tri6n #@a mEi #=
nh5n2 mEi F-# gia ! nh5n loi l tri th.#.
ChCnh !< !G32 !iH# n5ng #ao #h;t l,8ng gi=o IJ# ! o to ,8# #=# F-# gia h(t s.# F-an
t5m. C=# nghi4n #.- ! thK nghiHm nhiA- thG? '0 F-a L #h0 ra r)ng ,- th( #@a ?h,Mng
?h=? giNng I3 IBa tr4n 'hoa hO# ! #ng nghH2 %# biHt l #ng nghH thng tin ! tr-3An
thng #ho hiH- F-N #ao hMn hPn so !"i ?h,Mng ?h=? giNng I3 tr-3An thng. Qh-Gt ng1 eR
Searning(T53 gi2 ta tm hi6- eRSearning l !iH# gi=o IJ# ! o to # sK IJng #ng nghH
thng tin ! tr-3An thng) L trU n4n r;t thng IJng2 nh;t l i !"i #=# n,"# ?h=t tri6n. Vo
# #ng sB F-an t5m %# biHt t"i eRSearning2 m$t mng l,"i h8? t=# nghi4n #.-2 thK nghiHm
! tri6n 'hai eRSearning tr4n F-3 m ton #W- L ra i[7].
Hnh 1- Mng li e-Learning tri rng kh, kt ni 4 Chu. Chu M, tin phong l Hoa K, c cc t
chc ln nh IEEE, ADL, IMS, AICC. Chu u c cc t chc ln nh CEN/ISSS, ARIADNE. Chu
, tin phong l Nht, c mng li e-Learning Chu (Asian e-Learning Network), vi t chc ln
nh ALIC Chu c, tin phong l c, c chi nhnh ca t chc IMS. Cc Chu hop tc vi nhau da
ra cc dc t trong e-Learning v sau d da ln cho ISO ph duyt thnh chun c th p dung
quy m ton cu.
X
Yo thi i6m n32 m$t trong #=# thnh tB- l"n nh;t #@a #$ng Dng eRSearning th( gi"i l
,a ra ZC[\] ! hiHn na3 ZC[\] ang ,8# tri6n 'hai U F-3 m l"n U #=# sNn ?h^m eR
Searning. ]$t trong nh1ng #5- h_i m 'h=#h hng ha3 %t ra i !"i ng,i b=n sNn ?h^m eR
Searning l sNn ?h^m # t-5n theo ZC[\]. `hi4n bNn m"i nh;t l ZC[\] abbc #ng
b #hCnh th.# dbRXRabbc. YG3 m$t #5- h_i %t ra2 t<nh h<nh eRSearning U YiHt 7am nh, th(
noe C=# sNn ?h^m eRSearning # 'h= nhiA- U YiHt 7am ?h=t tri6n bUi #=# #ng t32 #=#
tr,ng i hO#2 #=# !iHn nghi4n #.-. 7h,ng a s #=# sNn ?h^m #h,a t-5n theo #h-^n2 %#
biHt l ZC[\]. =ng #h & l #ng t3 7CZ ti4n ?hong trong !iH# ?h=t tri6n #=# sNn ?h^m eR
Searning t-5n theo ZC[\] U YiHt 7am. C=# sNn ?h^m hiHn thi #@a #ng t3 t-5n theo
ZC[\] X.a. Q-3 nhi4n2 Io mang tCnh th,Mng mi n4n #ng t3 'hng #ng b #=# ti liH- 'f
th-Gt ! mL ng-Dn thB# thi ZC[\] X.a.
Qrong nh1ng ngm gWn 532 YiHt 7am L tC#h #B# h$i nhG? #$ng Dng eRSearning tr4n 'h-
!B# ! tr4n th( gi"i. YiHt 7am L tham gia IB =n mng eRSearning Ch5- h. iWn 53 l h$i
thNo mng eRSearning Ch5- h abbd2 ASIYj abbc. C=# W- t- eRSearning l"n ti YiHt 7am
l Qr-ng t5m Qin hO# R T$ gi=o IJ# o to2 tr,ng kTl k 7$i2 ! m$t s #ng t3 l"n nh,
m`Q2 7CZ.
a
1 S ra i ca SCORM 2004
1.1 M u
Qrong ?hWn n3 s9 tr<nh b3 sB #h-36n bi(n #@a gi=o IJ# ! o to theo sB ?h=t tri6n #@a
'hoa hO# ! #ng nghH2 %# biHt l 'hoa hO# nhGn th.# ! #ng nghH thng tin. l(t F-N l
th-Gt ng1 eRSearning ra i2 =nh I;- b,"# ngo%t m"i trong !iH# =? IJng #ng nghH thng
tin ! tr-3An thng trong gi=o IJ# ! o to.
Q-3 nhi4n2 U giai on W- #@a eRSearning L # sB #hia r9 trong #$ng Dng gi1a hai nhmn
nhm #=# nh 'hoa hO# .ng IJng ('f s,) ! nhm nh1ng nh nghi4n #.- hO# th-Gt. Za- 2
sB ra i #@a ooo (oorlI oiIe oeb) ! 34- #W- U ?hCa ng,i Ing L hn gpn sB #hia
r9. l(t F-N l sB ra i #@a #=# %# tN ,8# A q-;t bUi #=# t #h.# l"n !A #=# !;n A q-ng
F-anh eRSearning nh, %# tN !A ng gi n$i I-ng2 %# tN !A trao i thng tin gi1a n$i I-ng
! hH thng o to.
C=# %# tN ni tr4n ,8# ?h=t tri6n bUi #=# t #h.# 'h=# nha- ! nh)m giNi F-3(t #=# !;n
A 'h=# nha- trong eRSearning. ]%# I ,8# #h;? nhGn nh, #=# #h-^n 'hng #hCnh th.#
trong #$ng Dng eRSearning2 #=# %# tN tDn ti ri4ng lr2 'hng thng nh;t2 ! 'hng # F-an
hH #h%t #h9 !"i nha-. 6 ?h=t tri6n eRSearning hiH- F-N2 #hi ?hC th;?2 #Wn # m$t m h<nh
thng nh;t #=# %# tN tr4n li.
AVS (Advanced Distributed Learning) ,8# thnh lG? ngm Xsst I,"i sB bNo tr8 #@a b$
F-# ?hung (VoV) ! !gn ?hung 'hoa hO# ! #ng nghH nh trpng(ohite ko-se Ve?artment
of Z#ien#e anI Qe#hnolog3) #@a ]f. Y"i th( mnh tr-3An thng #@a VoV trong !iH# thi(t lG?
#=# #h-^n trong #ng nghH thng tin ! tr-3An thng nh, mng Internet2 #h-^n #ng nghH
?hWn mAm C]]2 AVS L ,a ra m$t m h<nh tham 'hNo2 '(t h8? #=# %# tN ni ti(ng2 ang
,8# #h;? nhGn r$ng rLi gOi l ZC[\] (Zharable Content [bve#t \eferen#e ]oIel) gi?
#ho eRSearning ti(n th4m m$t b,"# m"i. ZC[\] l m$t trong #=# !;n A ,8# F-an t5m
#hCnh ! s9 ,8# lm rw !A ng-Dn g# ra i2 :nh nghfa2 ! #=# #hi ti(t 'f th-Gt #J th6 trong
s-t l-Gn =n.
1.2 Phuong php ging day truyn thng
Qheo ?h,Mng ?h=? n32 hO# !i4n s9 tham gia #=# #-a hO# theo m$t '( ho#h :nh tr,"# #@a
nh tr,ng ! hO# !i4n hO# tG? I,"i sB h,"ng Ixn #@a gi=o !i4n. `h,Mng ?h=? hO# tG? n3
!xn #un r;t ?h bi(n2 %# biHt ti #=# n,"# ang ?h=t tri6n nh, YiHt 7am. 7h,8# i6m #@a
n l hO# !i4n b: gu b !A m%t thi gian2 'hng hiH- F-N !A 'inh t(2 'hng ,8# hO# nh1ng
g< m<nh thC#h ! 'hng tham gia ,8# #=# #-a hO# ?h h8? !"i 'hN ngng2 tr<nh $ #@a m<nh.
ZB ?h=t tri6n nh, !> bLo #@a 'hoa hO# ! 'f th-Gt2 %# biHt l 'hoa hO# !A nhGn th.# !
#ng nghH thng tin ! tr-3An thng L %t ra #ho #=# nh #Ni #=#h gi=o IJ# #=# #5- h_i lm
sao =? IJng sB ti(n b$ 'hoa hO# ! #ng nghH !o trong gi=o IJ# ! o to 6 n5ng #ao
#h;t l,8ng2 to sB thoNi m=i2 h.ng th #ho #N hO# !i4n ! gi=o !i4n. lhng nh1ng th(2 i
!"i mEi F-# gia sB #Ni #=#h gi=o IJ#2 n5ng #ao I5n trC # !ai tru sng #un i !"i sB tDn ti2
?h=t tri6n trong thi i thng tin (Information Age).
1.3 Uu im ca phuong php ging day c ng dng
khoa hc v cng ngh
6 Nm bNo tCnh 'h=#h F-an2 l-Gn =n s9 trC#h ra m$t s h<nh !9 Ing trong nghi4n #.- #@a
tr,ng i hO# ni ti(ng tr4n th( gi"i Carnegie ]ellon [14] (Qrong lfnh !B# #ng nghH thng
tin # th6 '6 t4n m$t s sNn ?h^m nghi4n #.- #@a tr,ng nh, #h-^n ?hWn mAm C]]2 hH
thng nhGn Ing ti(ng ni Z?hiniq) !A .ng IJng #ng nghH thng tin trong giNng I3.
d
7h, tr4n h<nh !9n
h? IJng ?h,Mng ?h=? giNng I3 m$t thW32 m$t tru2 hO# !i4n ! gi=o !i4n trao i
thng tin !"i nha- nhiA- hMn thng F-a s #5- h_i %t ra !,8t tr$i hMn hPn so !"i
?h,Mng ?h=? giNng I3 tr-3An thng.
h? IJng ?h,Mng ?h=? giNng I3 I,"i sB tr8 gi? #@a m=3 tCnh2 s l,8ng #5- h_i %t
ra #un nhiA- hMn.
7ghi4n #.- tr4n #ho th;3 ,- i6m #@a !iH# .ng IJng 'hoa hO# ! #ng nghH trong #Ni
ti(n giNng I3 so !"i ?h,Mng ?h=? giNng I3 tr-3An thng. kMn th( n1a2 F-a h<nh !9
I,"i 53 s9 #h0 ra n(- .ng IJng #ng nghH thng tin U m.# #h-34n s5- hMn2 t=# $ng
! 'C#h thC#h nhGn th.# #@a #on ng,i2 s9 #ho hiH- F-N hO# tG? tt hMn.
So snh cc phuong php
hc tp khc nhau
S cu hi t ra trong mt gi?
TraditionaI
CIassr oom/Hr
Tutored
Session/Hr CBI /Hr
Student 1 20-30 ??
I nstructor 3 120-150 180-600
c
y-a h<nh !92 rt ra m$t s nhGn qzt nh, sa-n
C$t W- ti4n ta3 tr=i l o m.# $ hiH- F-N #@a giNng I3 IBa tr4n m=3 tCnh2 #h,a #
sB tham gia #@a m-ltimeIia ! #=# hH thng giNng I3 thng minh. Q-3 hiH- F-N #
tgng so !"i ?h,Mng ?h=? giNng I3 tr-3An thng2 nh,ng !xn #un th;?
C$t nga3 #nh 2 b4n ta3 ?hNi2 o m.# $ hiH- F-N #@a !iH# giNng I3 # Ing
m-ltimeIia nh, a-Iio2 !iIeo2 flash. ]-ltimeIia # th( mnh l 'C#h thC#h #=# gi=#
F-an 'h=# nha- #@a #on ng,i nh, thCnh gi=#2 th: gi=#2 Io gi? #on ng,i nhGn
th.# !;n A nhanh hMn2 to h.ng th hMn 'hi tham gia hO# tG?.
Qi(? tJ# U ?hCa b4n ?hNi l #$t o m.# $ hiH- F-N #@a !iH# giNng I3 # Ing #=#
hH thng giNng I3 thng minh. Y"i #=# hH thng n32 hO# !i4n #hOn ,8# #=# #-a
hO# m<nh thC#h2 hH thng s9 ,a ra #=# n$i I-ng hO# tG? ?h h8? theo 'hN ngng !
tr<nh $ #@a t+ng hO# !i4n. `h,Mng ?h=? giNng I3 n3 # hiH- F-N #ao hMn so !"i
hai ?h,Mng ?h=? tr,"# .
C$t #-i #ng l o m.# $ hiH- F-N #@a !iH# giNng I3 Ing #=# hH thng giNng
I3 thng minh hiHn i2 ,8# ?h=t tri6n trong thi gian gWn 53. C=# hH thng n3
# =? IJng #=# thnh tB- m"i trong lfnh !B# trC t-H nh5n to2 Ing trong !iH# ,a ra
#=# F-3(t :nh tr8 gi? hO# !i4n hO# tG? # hiH- F-N. `h,Mng ?h=? giNng I3 n3
#ho hiH- F-N #ao nh;t.
0.3
9
0.5
0
0.8
4
1.0
5
0.
0
0.
2
0.
4
0.
6
0.
8
1.
0
1.
2
1.
4
Vic ging day
da trn
mytnh
(233 Nghin
cu)
Vic ging day
c muItimedia
(47 Nghin cu)
Ging day
dng
cc h
thng
thng minh (11 nghin cu)
H thng
ging day
thng
minh hin
ai
(5 nghin cu)
S
S

c
c

i ti
i ti

n c
n c

a ph
a ph
uong
uong
php
php
gi
gi

ng d
ng d
a
a
y d
y d

a trn k thu
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*Measured in Standard Deviations
{
lhng nh1ng !iH# .ng IJng #ng nghH thng tin #ho '(t F-N giNng I3 ! hO# tG? #ao hMn
m #un ti(t 'iHm r;t nhiA- !A m%t thi gian2 %# biHt trong thi i *thi gian 'hng l !ng2
thi gian F-& hMn !ng/. kO# !i4n ,8# ?hz? sp? q(?2 b trC thi gian hO# tG? ?h h8? nh;t
!"i bNn th5n m<nh.
1.4 e-Learning I g ?
C nhiA- F-an i6m2 :nh nghfa 'h=# nha- !A eRSearning2 I,"i 53 s9 trC#h ra m$t s :nh
nghfa eRSearning %# tr,ng nh;t [7.6]:
*jRlearning l m$t th-Gt Ing 6 m tN !iH# hO# tG?2 o to IBa tr4n #ng nghH
thng tin ! tr-3An thng/( Compare Infobase Inc).
*jRlearning nghfa l !iH# hO# tG? ha3 o to ,8# #h-^n b:2 ?h5n ?hi ho%# F-Nn l&
sK IJng nhiA- #ng #J #@a #ng nghH thng tin2 tr-3An thng 'h=# nha- ! ,8#
thB# hiHn U m.# #J# b$ ha3 ton #J#/( MASIE Center).
/YiH# hO# tG? ,8# ?h5n ?hi ho%# hE tr8 F-a #ng nghH iHn tK. YiH# ?h5n ?hi
F-a nhiA- 'f th-Gt 'h=# nha- nh, Internet2 QY2 !iIeo ta?e2 #=# hH thng giNng I3
thng minh2 ! !iH# o to IBa tr4n m=3 tCnh (CTQ)/(Sun Microsystems, Inc).
Q-3 # nhiA- :nh 'h=# nha-2 nh,ng ni #h-ng eRSearning A- # nh1ng i6m #h-ng sa- n
VBa tr4n #ng nghH thng tin ! tr-3An thng. CJ th6 hMn l #ng nghH mng2 'f
th-Gt D hOa2 'f th-Gt m ?h_ng2 #ng nghH tCnh to=n|
kiH- F-N #@a eRSearning #ao hMn so !"i #=#h hO# tr-3An thng Io eRSearning # tCnh
t,Mng t=# #ao IBa tr4n m-ltimeIia2 to iA- 'iHn #ho ng,i hO# trao i thng tin I}
Ing hMn2 #>ng nh, ,a ra n$i I-ng hO# tG? ?h h8? !"i 'hN ngng ! sU thC#h #@a
t+ng ng,i. ]-n qem #hi ti(t hMn !A ,- i6m #@a eRSearning hL3 tham 'hNo ?hWn
X.a
jRlearning s9 trU thnh q- th( t;t 3(- trong nAn 'inh t( tri th.#. kiHn na32 eRlearning
ang th- ht ,8# sB F-an t5m %# biHt #@a #=# n,"# tr4n th( gi"i !"i r;t nhiA- t
#h.#2 #ng t3 hot $ng trong lfnh !B# eRSearning ra i.iWn 53 nh;t l #-$# g%?
th,8ng 0nh eRSearning ton #W- !"i dt n,"# tham gia2 t #h.# ti QhJ3 Zf !o X~R
Xs th=ng a ngm abbc.
Tit kim uc thi gian thng
qua hc tp da trn cng ngh
0.54
0.31
0.34
0.24
0.30
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
OrIansky &
String
(1979)
(1
3
Studies)
FIetcher
(1990)
(8 Studies)
KuIik
Higher
Education
(1994)
(17
Studies)
KuIik AduIt
Education
(1994)
(15
Studies)
Johnston &
FIetcher
(1995)
(12
Studies)
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~
7h, !G32 # th6 #oi eRSearning L ra i t+ nga3 sa- 'hi m=3 tCnh ra i(ngm Xsc~). Qrong
giai on ?h=t tri6n ban W- #@a m=3 tCnh L # r;t nhiA- nE lB# tri6n 'hai eRSearning nh,
#=# #h,Mng tr<nh o to ,8# ?h=t tri6n tr4n m=3 tCnh mainframe #@a IT]. Q;t nhi4n2 'hi
m.# $ =? IJng #h0 U m.# Mn giNn ! #on ng,i #h,a nhGn th;3 rw rng ,- i6m ni
tr$i #@a eRSearning. lhi m=3 tCnh #= nh5n L ?h bi(n2 'hN ngng tCnh to=n tgng2 b$ nh" tgng
!A I-ng l,8ng nh,ng giNm !A gi= #N2 #=# 'f th-Gt m"i m-ltimeIia tr4n m=3 tCnh ra i2 eR
Searing m"i thB# sB # #M sU h tWng 6 ?h=t tri6n !"i #=# #h,Mng tr<nh o to IBa tr4n
m=3 tCnh(#om?-terRbaseI training) lWn l,8t q-;t hiHn ! #=# #h,Mng tr<nh o to n3 #h@
3(- ?h5n ?hi F-a fa CV. S# n3 L bpt W- # sB #hia r9 trong #$ng Dng eRSearning !"i
hai nhm i hai h,"ng 'h=# biHt nha-n nhm #=# nh 'hoa hO# .ng IJng('f s,) ! nhm
#=# nh nghi4n #.- hO# th-Gt.
1.5 S chia r trong cng ng e-Learning
7h, tr4n ta L A #G? (n sB #hia r9 #@a #$ng Dng eRSearning thnh a nhmn nhm #=#
nh 'hoa hO# .ng IJng ! nhm #=# nh nghi4n #.- hO# th-Gt. 7hm th. nh;t2 #=# nh
'hoa hO# .ng IJng2 tG? tr-ng #=# #ng #J eRSearning # giao IiHn I} Ing2 'hng ui h_i
nhiA- 'i(n th.# #h-34n s5- #>ng to ra ,8# #=# n$i I-ng hO# tG?. Chi ?hC ?h=t tri6n L
giNm nhiA- ! hiH- F-N tgng2 thi(t lG? n4n m$t nAn #ng nghiH? I:#h !J ! sNn ?h^m 'h=
!1ng #hp# trong lfnh !B# eRSearning [1]. 7hm n3 ti(? tJ# ?h=t tri6n #=# #ng #J 6 q53
IBng #=# ?h,Mng ?h=? giNng I3 ?h.# t? thng F-a #=# mx-(tem?lates) # tr,"#. Y"i sB
b s-ng th4m #=# tCnh ngng m-ltimeIia ! #=# F-3(t :nh tr8 gi? thng minh !o2 #=# #ng
#J L thGt sB n5ng #ao #h;t l,8ng giNng I32 hO# tG?. Q-3 nhi4n2 #=# n$i I-ng hO# tG? to
ra # tCnh 'hN #h-36n 'hng #ao. Q.# l2 n$i I-ng to ra bUi #ng #J no 2 #h0 Ing ,8#
trong ng1 #Nnh ri4ng #@a #ng #J . 7$i I-ng em sang hH thng o to ?h=t tri6n bUi
m$t nhm 'h=# th< s9 'hng hot $ng ,8#.
7hm th. hai2 #=# nh nghi4n #.- hO# th-Gt2 tG? tr-ng nghi4n #.- #=# m h<nh giNng I3
thng minh. lh=i niHm !A n$i I-ng giNng I3 ! thi(t '( 'h=# m$t #=#h #M bNn so !"i nhm
th. nh;t. kO mong m-n ,a ra #=# n$i I-ng giNng I32 #=#h tr<nh b3 ?h h8? !"i 34- #W-
#@a t+ng #= nh5n sK IJng #=# m h<nh ?h.# t? !A hO# !i4n2 #=# 'f th-Gt giNng I3 'h=#
nha-. C=# #=#h ti(? #Gn nh, !G3 # q- h,"ng t=#h !iH# tr<nh b32 hi6n th:2 #=# iA- 'hi6n
logi# ra 'h_i n$i I-ng giNng I3 ! #ho ?hz? tG? h8? #=# i t,8ng hO# tG? 'h=# nha- 6
=? .ng #=# mJ# ti4- #J th6. Qa nhGn th;3 L # nh1ng 'h=i niHm W- ti4n !A tCnh sK IJng
li #@a n$i I-ng hO# tG?.
1.6 WorId Wide Web hn gn cng ng e-Learning
ZB ra i ':? thi #@a oorlI oiIe oeb (ooo) L hn gpn mi #hia r9 trong #$ng Dng eR
Searning. 7h, L bi(t2 ooo #-ng #;? #M sU h tWng #h-ng ,8# q53 IBng tr4n #=# #h-^n
?h IJng gi? #ho mOi ng,i 'hN ngng tr-3 #G? b;t #. nMi 5-2 b;t #. 'hi no t"i thng tin
! tri th.# tr4n ton #W-.
]$t iA- I} nhGn th;3 l ooo 'hng t,Mng thC#h !"i #=# thi(t '( hH thng to n$i I-ng
#@a nhm th. nh;t. 7$i I-ng oeb 'hng ?hJ th-$# nAn (?latform)2 ,8# #h.a ! l,- tr1
bUi m$t ser!er U qa2 trong 'hi a s #=# n$i I-ng to ra #@a nhm th. nh;t ,8# l,- tr1
! #h3 #J# b$ sK IJng mi tr,ng thB# thi(r-nRtime) 'h=# nha-. Za- 2 nhm th. nh;t L
nhanh #hng nh<n th;3 hn #h( #@a m<nh ! nhanh #hng thC#h .ng !"i mi tr,ng oeb.
C=# n$i I-ng tr,"# 53 #h@ 3(- ?h5n ?hi F-a fa CV2 b53 gi #h-36n sang ?h5n ?hi tr4n
mng. Q-3 nhi4n2 U giai on ban W-2 #=# n$i I-ng IBa tr4n oeb !xn IBa tr4n mi tr,ng
?h=t tri6n ! ng1 #Nnh ri4ng. ]-n qem ,8# n$i I-ng ng,i Ing ?hNi IonloaI ?l-gRin
#h-34n IJng ,a !o tr<nh I-3Ht.
t
Trn hnh v m t vic do to theo kiu CBT(computer-based training). Cc ni dung hoc tp
ch yu phn phi qua da CD-ROM v chy trn my tnh don l. Cc ni dung bao gi cng cn
cc chong trnh hin thj ring(Display Engine) ca chng di km do d kh c th s dung li.
Trn hnh v m t vic do to dua trn mi trng Web(WBT-Web-based training). Cc ni
dung hoc tp doc da ln Web Server. Hoc vin chi cn mt trnh duyt Web l c th tham gia
hoc tp doc. Theo phong php ny, ni dung c th chia s v "xem" doc trong nhiu mi
trng khc nhau. Mi trng Web doc coi l mi trng chun ca e-Learning[7.1].
Qh( hH hH thng son bi giNng th. hai bpt W- tri6n 'hai & t,Ung t=#h n$i I-ng ra 'h_i !iH#
iA- 'hi6n !A m%t logi# tr<nh b3 ! hi6n th: n$i I-ng 'hi m #=# hH thng F-Nn tr: o to
mnh ra i. SWn W- ti4n a s #=# nh ?h=t tri6n #ng #J th-$# nhm th. nh;t L # #ng
F-an i6m !"i nhm th. hai. C=# i t,8ng hO# tG? # th6 #hia sr2 sK IJng li ,8# ! #=#
#hi(n l,8# hO# tG? thC#h .ng (t.# l n$i I-ng hO# tG? thC#h .ng !"i tr<nh $ ! 'hN ngng #@a
t+ng i t,8ng) L trU thnh nAn tNng #h-ng #ho #N hai nhm.
1.7 S ra i ca cc c t trong e-Learning
7h, tr4n ta L A #G?2 !iH# ,a ra #=# n$i I-ng hO# tG? # th6 sK IJng li ,8#2 # th6 #hia
sr2 =? IJng #=# #hi(n l,8# hO# tG? thC#h .ng l t, t,Ung #h-ng #@a #$ng Dng eRSearning.
DispIay Engine
(Run Time ExecutabIe)
DispIay Engine
(Run Time ExecutabIe)
Data
(Text,
Graphics.)
Data
(Text,
Graphics.)
Method
(Script,
Program.)
Method
(Script,
Program.)
Internet
Internet
Trnh
duyt
Trnh
duyt
Web Server
Web Server
Trnh
duyt

7h,ng tri6n 'hai #J th6 #=# & t,Ung 'hng hA I} Ing #ht no. kng lot #=# t #h.#
ti4n ?hong trong !iH# ,a ra #=# %# tN nh)m thB# hiHn #=# & t,Ung tr4n ra i. ?hWn n3
ta #h0 tr<nh b3 #=# sM F-a !A #=# t #h.# ! F-an trOng hMn #N l #=# %# tN eRSearning m
hO ,a ra. 6 # th4m #hi ti(t !A #=# t #h.# eRSearning hL3 qem th4m ?hWn ?hJ lJ# s.c.
Qr,"# h(t2 ta s9 tr<nh b3 F-a F-= tr<nh ra i m$t #h-^n trong eRSearning ! #J th6 l hiHn
ti bao gDm #=# %# tN no trong eRSearning.
Hnh trn m t cho ta thy qu trnh ra di ca mt chun doc chp nhn trn phm vi ton
cu. Khi dim ca cc chun l cc yu cu t pha ngi dng, cc nghin cu, th nghim v
trin khai.
y-an s=t tr4n h<nh !9 ta th;3 F-= tr<nh ra i m$t #h-^n eRSearning nh, sa-n
-;t ?h=t t+ #=# nghi4n #.- ! #=# 34- #W- t+ ?hCa ng,i Ing2 #=# t #h.# # -3
tCn trong lfnh !B# trong eRSearning s9 ,a ra #=# %# tN 'f th-Gt. C th6 '6 t4n m$t s
t #h.# nh, !G3n AICC2 A\IAV7j2 V-blin Core2 I]Z2 ASIC.
Za- 2 AVS s9 tG? h8? #=# %# tN tr4n ! ?h=t tri6n thnh m h<nh tham #hi(-
(\eferen#e ]oIels) gi? #ho #=# %# tN eRSearning # th6 tri6n 'hai U F-3 m l"n.
Qi(? theo2 AVS H tr<nh l4n Ijjj2 odC 6 m h<nh tham #hi(- # th6 trU #h-^n.
C-i #ng2 Ijjj2 odC gKi #ho IZ[ qzt I-3Ht 6 #h-^n # th6 =? IJng U F-3 m
tr4n ton th( gi"i.
V,"i 532 ta tr<nh b3 ti(? m$t s %# tN thng IJng trong eRSearning.
s
Hnh v trn m t tm tt cc dc t ph dung e-Learning: Meta-data, Trao di thng tin, ng
gi ni dung, Xc dinh th tu cc ni dung hoc tp.
Qr4n h<nh !9 tr<nh b3 c %# tN thng IJng #@a eRSearningn
Metadata (W3 @ hMn l Learning Object Metadata) Io Ijjj SQZC 6 q-;t. 7
#-ng #;? thng tin m tN #ho #=# i t,8ng hO# tG?2 lm #ho #=# i t,8ng n3 #
th6 ?h5n biHt ,8# !"i nha-2 # th6 t<m 'i(m ,8# 'hi #Wn thi(t. YC IJ nh, m$t bi
hO# ngoi n$i I-ng i 'm2 # th6 b s-ng th4m #=# thng tin nh, m.# $ 'h2 thi
gian 6 hon thnh bi hO#2 ai l t=# giN bi hO#2 bi hO# ni !A g<|
Trao i thng tin Io AICC A q-;t. 7 gi? #ho n$i I-ng hO# tG? ! S]Z # th6
trao i thng tin ,8# !"i nha-. 7 gDm a ?hWnn #=# hm A`I (A??li#ation
`rogramming Interfa#e)2 m h<nh I1 liH- (Vata ]oIel). C=# hm A`I l m$t tG? #=#
hm ,8# F-3 :nh tr,"# m n$i I-ng hO# tG? s9 gOi 6 l;3 thng tin t+ ?hCa S]Z2
#>ng nh, ,a thng tin #ho S]Z. ] h<nh I1 liH- F-3 :nh #=# thnh ?hWn I1 liH-
m n$i I-ng hO# tG? ! S]Z # th6 trao i thng tin nh, I1 liH- !A hO# !i4n2 I1 liH-
!A n$i I-ng hO# tG?. kiHn na32 AVS L ,a %# tN n3 l4n #ho Ijjj ?h4 I-3Ht.
ng gi ni dung (Content Packaging) Io I]Z A q-;t. 7 F-3 :nh ng gi #=#
n$i I-ng hO# tG? nh, th( no 6 # th6 ?h5n ?hi F-a mng Internet th-Gn tiHn !
#=# S]Z 'h=# nha- A- # th6 hi6- ! tr<nh b3 theo m$t #=#h nh;t F-=n #=# n$i
I-ng trong gi. I]Z #>ng ,a ra #=#h th.# thB# hiHn ng gi F-a 'f th-Gt ]S.
Xc [nh th t cc bi hc (SimpIe Sequencing Version 1.0) Io I]Z A q-;t. 7
q=# inh #=# n$i I-ng hO# tG? s9 ,8# q=# inh theo m$t tr<nh tB F-3 inh tr,"# bUi
ng,i thi(t '( n$i I-ng hO# tG?.
Chng ta nhGn th;3 #=# %# tN n3 tDn ti $# lG? ! ,8# A q-;t bUi #=# t #h.# 'h=#
nha-. Vo 2 6 # th6 =? IJng ,8# U F-3 m l"n ?hNi # m$t t #h.# # -3 tCn .ng ra
thng nh;t #=# %# tN tr4n thnh m$t m h<nh hon #h0nh. 7h, tr4n ta L ni2 AVS2 m$t t
#h.# Io T$ F-# ?hung ] lG? ra2 !"i -3 tCn sn # trong lfnh !B# #ng nghH thng tin !
tr-3An thng2 ng-Dn ti #hCnh IDi Io2 L A q-;t ra m h<nh tham 'hNo2 tG? h8? gWn nh,
hW- h(t #=# %# tN ?h IJng trong #$ng Dng eRSearning.
1.8 SCORM I g ?
tr4n2 ta L #h0 ra ng-Dn g# ra i #@a ZC[\]. C th6 #oi ZC[\] l sB '(t tinh trC t-H
#@a #N #$ng Dng eRSearning trong nhiA- ngm F-a. T53 gi2 ta s9 ,a ra :nh nghfa hon
#h0nh !A ZC[\]. ZC[\] l m$t m h<nh tham 'hNo #=# #h-^n 'f th-Gt2 #=# %# tN ! #=#
h,"ng Ixn # li4n F-an ,a ra bUi #=# t #h.# 'h=# nha- Ing 6 =? .ng #=# 34- #W- U
m.# #ao #@a n$i I-ng hO# tG? ! #=# hH thng thng F-a #=# t+ *ilities/
Tnh truy cp uc (Accessibility)n lhN ngng :nh !: ! tr-3 #G? #=# n$i I-ng
giNng I3 t+ m$t nMi U qa ! ?h5n ?hi n t"i #=# !: trC 'h=#.
ng gi
n$i I-ng
]etaIata
Bi hc
v bi
kim tra
H
thng
qun I
o tao
M t
Qrao i
thng tin
=# :nh
th. tB #=#
bi hO#
Xb
Tnh thch ng uc (Adaptability)n lhN ngng #-ng #;? #=# n$i I-ng giNng I3
?h h8? !"i 34- #W- #@a t+ng #= nh5n ! t #h.#.
Tnh kinh t (Aordability)n lhN ngng tgng hiH- F-N ! ngng s-;t b)ng #=#h giNm
thi gian ! #hi ?hC li4n F-an (n !iH# ?h5n ?hi #=# giNng I3.
Tnh bn vng (Durability)n lhN ngng trJ !1ng !"i sB ?h=t tri6n #@a sB ?h=t tri6n !
tha3 i #@a #ng nghH m 'hng ?hNi thi(t '( li tn 'zm2 #;- h<nh li.
Tnh kh chuyn (Interoperability)n lhN ngng lm #ho #=# thnh ?hWn giNng I3 ti
m$t nMi !"i m$t tG? #ng #J ha3 ?latform ! sK IJng #hng ti m$t nMi 'h=# !"i m$t
tG? #=# #ng #J ha3 ?latform.
Tnh s dng Iai (Reusability)n lhN ngng mAm Iro trong !iH# '(t h8? #=# thnh
?hWn giNng I3 trong nhiA- .ng IJng ! nhiA- ng1 #Nnh 'h=# nha-.
Trn hnh v th hin tng rt to ln m ADL ni chung, SCORM ni ring hng ti. Bn tay tri
m t cc hoc sinh, cng nhn, nhn vin vn phng c yu cu truy cp ni dung hoc tp ho cn. Ho
s gi yu cu ca ho cho Server. Server s tm trc ht trong co s d liu ca mnh. Nu khng
c Server s tm tip trn WWW. Sau khi tm xong, Server x l v tr v kt qu cho cc hoc
vin.Qu trnh trn s din ra nhanh d dm bo tnh thi gian thuc(real-time).
C=# ?hi4n bNn ZC[\] ng3 #ng ,8# hon thiHn 6 thB# hiHn W3 @ #=# 34- #W- tr4n.
`hi4n bNn ZC[\] hiHn na3 l ZC[\] abbc2 'hPng :nh tCnh bAn !1ng #@a ZC[\]. ]$t
#5- h_i %t ra l #=# ?hi4n bNn tr,"# 53 # t4n l X.X2 X.a2 ti sao ?hi4n bNn lWn n3 ,8#
gOi l abbc2 'hng ?hNi l X.de Qheo ng,i .ng W- #@a AVS2 t4n gOi ZC[\] abbc #h.ng
t_ tCnh n :nh #@a ZC[\]. Qrong thi gian t"i2 AVS s9 tG? tr-ng ?h=t tri6n #=# ti liH- !
#ng #J gi? #$ng Dng eRSearning tri6n 'hai ZC[\] X.d I} Ing2 th-Gn tiHn. Za- 'hi
ZC[\] X.d ,8# tri6n 'hai r$ng rLi2 n :nh th< AVS m"i tCnh ti(? (n #h-3Hn ,a ra #=#
?hi4n bNn #ao hMn(X.c2 X.{|). ChCnh !< !G32 AVS l;3 t4n gOi theo t+ng ngm 6 %t #ho #=#
#h0nh sKa2 n5ng #;? ZC[\] X.d.
1.9 S pht trin ca SCORM qua cc phin bn
`hi4n bNn X.X #ng b th=ng X ngm abbX. Qrong ?hi4n bNn n3 bao gDm a ?hWn Content
Aggregation ]oIel(CA] ] h<nh tng h8? n$i I-ng) ! \-nRQime jn!ironment(\Qj).
`hWn CA] #h0 m tN !A ]etaRIata ! #=#h th.# th6 hiHn n F-a ]S nh, th( no. `hWn
\Qj gDm a ?hWn l A`I ! ] h<nh I1 liH-. 6 hi6- #=# 'h=i niHm ]etaRIata2 A`I ! ]
XX
h<nh I1 liH- qin qem li ?hWn 1.6 !C"c #$c t% tron& e'Learnin&). `hi4n bNn X.a #ng b
th=ng Xb ngm abbX. `hi4n bNn n3 ngoi #h0nh sKa2 n5ng #;? ?hWn \Qj #un b s-ng th4m
?hWn Content `a#'aging2 Content [rganiation. `hi4n bNn abbc #ng b ng3 db th=ng X
ngm abbc. `hi4n bNn n3 ngoi #h0nh sKa2 n5ng #;? #=# ?hWn CA]2 \Qj #un ,a th4m m$t
?hWn hon ton m"i l ZeF-en#ing 7a!igation IBa tr4n Zim?le ZeF-en#ing X.b #@a I]Z.
1.10 Tng kt
Kt Iunn Nh vy, trong sut phn 1 chng ta d tm hiu su pht trin ca gio duc v do
to dua trn cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng( thng doc goi l e-Learning) t lc my
tnh mi ra di cho dn khi WWW ra di, pht trin quy m ton cu. Chng ta d chi ra
SCORM ni chung, SCORM 2004 l mt trong cc thnh tuu ln nht ca cng dng e-
Learning trn ton th gii tnh cho dn thi dim ny. Phn 1 cho ta cch nhn khi qut v
SCORM, to dng luc cho chng ta tip tuc tm hiu tip cu tr li cho cu hi "SCORM
2004 nh th no" (How's SCORM 2004?)
Hnh v trn m t ton b qu trnh pht trin ca e-Learning qua vi thp ki qua. Qu trnh bt
du t khi my tnh mi ra di cho dn khi c WWW. Kt qu cui cng ca qu trnh pht trin l
SCORM trong d tch bit phn trnh by v ni dung, cc ni dung hoc tp c th s dung li
doc.
2 Tm hiu SCORM 2004
2.1 M u
`hWn tr4n #hng ta L hi6- ZC[\] l g<. Qrong ?hWn n3 t<m hi6- #hi ti(t hMn !A ZC[\]
abbc thng F-a #=# #hi ti(t 'f th-Gt #J th6. W- ti4n #hng ta s9 qem ZC[\] abbc # 'h=#
biHt g< so !"i #=# thnh ?hWn tr,"#2 bao gDm #=# thnh ?hWn #hCnh no. ]$t trong #=# file
F-an trOng #@a ZC[\] l imsmanifest.qml. 7 m tN #=# thnh ?hWn #hCnh #@a ZC[\]
abbc IBa tr4n ]S. Vo 2 #hng ta s9 t<m hi6- ]S 6 # th6 hi6- ,8# #=# #hi ti(t 'f
th-Gt #J th6 #@a t+ng ?hWn. Qi(? theo2 #hng ta i #hi ti(t !o t+ng ?hWn #@a ZC[\] abbc.
Y"i hMn bb trang m tN ZC[\] abbc2 trong ?hm !i D =n #hng ta 'hng # h3 !Ong tr<nh
b3 li ton b$ m #h0 ,a ra #=# i6m #hCnh2 sa- l;3 m$t s !C IJ ti4- bi6- nh;t 6 minh
hOa. 7g,i O# m-n # ton b$ thng tin #hi ti(t !A t+ng ?hWn hL3 tham 'hNo [2]2 [3]2 [4].
`hWn #-i #ng l tng '(t li nh1ng i6m #hCnh #@a ?hWn a.
Xa
2.2 Tng quan
7h, tr4n ta L A #G? ?hi4n bNn m"i ZC[\] abbc2 #ng b !o dbXabbc. Qrong ?hi4n
bNn n32 ti(? tJ# #h0nh sKa ! b s-ng th4m #=# ?hWn CA]2 \Qj. ZC[\] ti(? tJ# q53
IBng IBa tr4n #=# %# tN #@a nhiA- t #h.# 'h=# nha- 6 q53 IBng l4n m$t m h<nh Nm
bNo tCnh 'hN #h-36n2 tCnh tr-3 #G? ! sK IJng li #@a n$i I-ng hO# tG? IBa tr4n oeb.
ZC[\] abbc # 'h= nhiA- tha3 i so !"i #=# ?hi4n bNn tr,"#. V,"i 532 ta liHt '4 #=# %#
tN #hCnh ! #h-^n #hCnh ,8# Ing trong ZC[\] abbcn
Ijjj Vata ]oIel mor Content [bve#t Comm-ni#ation
Ijjj jC]AZ#ri?t A??li#ation `rogramming Interfa#e for Content to \-ntime
Zer!i#es Comm-ni#ation
Ijjj Searning [bve#t ]etaIata (S[])
Ijjj jqtensible ]ar'-? Sang-age (]S) Z#hema TinIing for Searning [bve#t
]etaIata Vata ]oIel
I]Z Content `a#'ing
I]Z Zim?le ZeF-en#ing
2.3 im qua cc thnh phn chnh trong SCORM 2004
Qrong ?hi4n bNn n32 #=# thnh ?hWn #hCnh #@a ZC[\] ,8# #hia thnh #=# #-n s=#h
ri4ng biHt. ]Ei m$t %# tN m"i ,a !o s9 #oi nh, l m$t #-n s=#h m"i ,8# ,a !o th,
!iHn #@a ZC[\]. 7goi #-n s=#h W- ti4n gi"i thiH- tng F-an !A ZC[\]2 #=# #-n s=#h
#un li A- l #=# m tN 'f th-Gt. Chng bao gDmn "Content Aggregation ModeI (CAM)/2
*Run-time Environment (RTE)/2 ! *Sequencing and Navigation (SN)/.
Qrong mEi #-n s=#h bao gDm #=# %# tN 'f th-Gt #@a #=# t #h.# 'h=# nha- nh, I]Z2
AICC2 A\IAV7j2 ! Ijjj SQZC. k<nh !9 I,"i 53 #h0 ra mEi #-n s=#h bao gDm #=# %# tN
no.
Cun sch CAM bao gm Meta'data (IEEE LOM 1484.12), Content Structure (AICC), Content
(ac)a&in& (IMS), v Se*uecin& Inor+ation (IMS). Cun sch RTE bao gm IEEE API 1484.11.2
v IEEE Data Model 1484.11.1. Cun sch Sequencing & Navigation (IMS Simple Sequencing
1.0).Ni dung tng cun sch s doc dim qua ngay di dy.

Xd
C-n s=#h CA] m tN !iH# ng gi #=# n$i I-ng hO# tG? nh, th( no 6 # th6 trao i
thng tin ,8# trong nhiA- hH thng 'h=# nha-2 m tN #=# #hng nh, th( no 6 # th6 ?h=t
hiHn2 t<m 'i(m2 ! #-i #ng :nh nghfa #=# l-Gt q=# :nh th. tB n$i I-ng hO# tG?. 7 #>ng
:nh nghfa #=# tr=#h nhiHm ! #=# 34- #W- trong !iH# q53 IBng tng h8? n$i I-ng.
C-n s=#h \Qj m tN #=# 34- #W- i !"i hH thng F-Nn l& o to (Learning Management
System - LMS) trong !iH# F-Nn l& mi tr,ng hot $ng (#hPng hn nh, F-= tr<nh t<m 'i(m
! hi6n th: n$i I-ng2 !iH# giao ti(? gi1a S]Z ! #=# thnh ?hWn m h<nh I1 liH- #h-^n !A
#=# thng tin #@a hO# !i4n).
C-n s=#h Z7 m tN n$i I-ng t-5n theo ZC[\] ,8# :nh th. tB nh, th( no thng F-a
#=# sB 'iHn I-3Ht 'C#h hot t+ ?hCa hO# !i4n ha3 ?hCa hH thng. YiH# r9 nh=nh #@a n$i I-ng
,8# m tN bUi m$t tG? #=# Mn !: giNng I3 ,8# q=# :nh tr,"#2 th,ng l !o l# thi(t '(
theo #h@ :nh #@a ng,i ?h=t tri6n n$i I-ng.

6 hi6- #hi ti(t hMn !A #=# #-n s=#h hL3 qem ?hWn 2.52 2.62 ! 2.7. 7h,ng tr,"# h(t2
#hng ta ?hNi t<m hi6- ]S !< n l ngn ng1 #hCnh m tN #=# #hi ti(t 'f th-Gt trong #=# #-n
s=#h.
2.4 Tm hiu XML
Qrong ?hWn n3 #hng ta #h0 tr<nh b3 #=# !;n A sa-n
]S l g<e
Qi sao ]S li F-an trOng i !"i oebe
C=# thnh ?hWn # th6 # trong m$t file ]S
C=# 34- #W- %t ra !A tCnh ng pn !A m%t #;- tr# (ellRformeIness) ! # ?h=?
(!aliIation).
Cun !"i #ng #J 6 'i6m tra2 ?h5n tC#h2 qK l&2 ! to ]S ta s9 A #G? U ?hWn 3.5.4.1. ]J#
C#h #hCnh l 6 ng,i O# # 'i(n th.# #M bNn ban W- !A ]S 6 # th6 hi6- ,8# #=# m
tN 'f th-Gt #@a #=# #-n s=#h CA]2 \Qj2 ! Z7. ]-n hi6- #hi ti(t hMn hL3 !o
.d.org]S
2.4.1 Cc han ch ca HTML
S# thi(t '( kQ]S2 #=# nh ?h=t tri6n #h0 IB 'i(n Ing n nh, l ngn ng1 ?hJ# !J #ho !iH#
tr<nh b3 thng tin nh, l #=# trang oeb. ChCnh !< lC Io tr4n2 kQ]S # nh1ng hn #h( 'hi
Ing 6 trao i thng tinn
X. kQ]S #h.a m$t tG? #=# tag =nh I;- (mar'-?) # :nh 'hng th6 mU r$ng 'hi #
34- #W-.
a. C=# tag 'hng # li4n F-an !A m%t & nghfa !"i I1 liH- trong tag.
d. 4- #W- !A # ?h=? #=# tag 'hng #h%t n4n r;t 'h #ho !iH# ?h5n tC#h2 qK l& I1 liH-.
Chng ta #Wn m$t ngn ng1 'h=# ?hJ# !J tt hMn #ho !iH# trao i I1 liH- bao gDm #=#
#ng !iH# nh, to2 ?h5n tC#h2 ! qK l& I1 liH-. iiNi ?h=? W- ti4n l Zi]S. Q-3 nhi4n Zi]S
'h= ?h.# t?2 'h hi6- m%# I n L 'h%# ?hJ# ,8# #M bNn #=# 'h-3(t i6m #@a kQ]S.
C-i #ng ]S (jqtensible ]ar'-? Sang-age) L ra i. ]S Mn giNn ! I} hi6- hMn
Zi]S nh,ng !xn gi1 ng-34n s.# mnh #@a Zi]S. y-a nhiA- ngm .ng IJng2 ]S #h.ng
t_ thGt sB s.# mnh #@a n trong !iH# trao i I1 liH- trong mi tr,ng oeb. \;t nhiA- #ng
nghH m"i2 mnh hiHn na3 A- IBa tr4n ]S. i !"i ZC[\]2 #=# m tN 'f th-Gt #h@ 3(-
IBa tr4n ]S. iA- n3 #>ng I} hi6- !< 6 Nm bNo n$i I-ng ,8# hi6- nh;t F-=n nh,
nha- trong #=# mi tr,ng 'h=# nha-2 #>ng nh, 'hN ngng sK IJng li th< !iH# Ing ]S 6
m tN n$i I-ng l hon ton h8? l&.
2.4.2 XML I g?
]S # th6 #oi l m$t ngn ng1 (ho%# si4- ngn ng1) 'hp# ?hJ# nh1ng hn #h( #@a kQ]S
trong !iH# trao i I1 liH- ! tCnh ?h.# t?2 'h hi6- #@a Zi]S. ]S l sB tng h8? #@a d
Xc
#ng nghHn =nh I;- !gn bNn2 trao i I1 liH-2 ! ooo. ]S l m$t si4- ngn ng1 'hng
?hNi l ngn ng1 #J th6.
7 q=# :nh #=# l-Gt =nh I;- !gn bNn nh, th( no. 7 'hng :nh nghfa #=# tag
Ing trong =nh I;- !gn bNn.
7 #-ng #;? 'hN ngng 6 F-3 :nh m$t Vo#-ment Q3?e Vefinition (VQV) 6 r)ng
b-$# !iH# =nh I;- #ho ?hz? trong m$t l"? ti liH- m thi.
7 hE tr8 ni#oIe hon ton2 t.# l hE tr8 t;t #N #=# ngn ng1 tr4n th( gi"i.
]S # nhiA- l-Gt 'h=# nha- m m$t m$t file ]S ?hNi t-5n theo. V,"i 532 #hng ta minh
hOa d l-Gt F-an trOng nh;t.
Lu,t -n Qhng tin ,8# bi6- Ii}n thng F-a #=# Mn !: gOi #=# ti liH- ]S.
Lu,t .n ]$t ti liH- ]S #h.a m$t ha3 nhiA- hMn #=# thnh ?hWn.
Lu,t /n ]$t thnh ?hWn # t4n2 n ,8# q=# :nh trong ti liH- thng F-a !iH# =nh
I;- t,ng minh2 n # th6 #h.a #=# thnh ?hWn 'h=# ! # #=# th-$# tCnh i 'm.
6 hi6- 'f hMn qin qem th4m !C IJ trong a.c.d.
2.4.3 V d
V dn
1: <?xml version=1.0 encoding=ISO-8850-1?>
2: <!--Gii !"i#$ m%! s& c$&n s'c" !rong !( s'c"-->
3: <)oo*S!ore>
4: <!--+,- l. c$&n s'c" /0$ !i1n-->
5: <)oo* I2=101>
6: <3$!"or>4$'c" 5$6n 7g8c<93$!"or>
7: <5i!le>:;< !r=n" >?sc?l<95i!le>
8: <2?!e>@9@9A00A<92?!e>
9: <9)oo*>
10: <!B+,- l. c$&n s'c" !"C "?i-->
11: <)oo*I2=10A>
12: <3$!"or>4$'c" 5$6n 7g8c<93$!"or>
13: <5i!le>DE lF !Gn "i#$ s&<95i!le>
14: <2?!e>@9@9A00A<92?!e>
15: <9)oo*>
16: <9)oo*S!ore>
7h, ta nh<n th;32 #=# tag hon ton Io ng,i Ing tB :nh ra2 'h=# biHt so !"i kQ]S l ?hNi
Ing #=# tag :nh nghfa tr,"#. kMn n1a #=# tag t-5n theo 34- #W- #h%t #h9 l # tag mU th<
?hNi # tag ng. Qrong #=# tag # th6 # #=# th-$# tCnh i 'm. T53 gi2 ta qem #J th6 t+ng
Iung m$t. Vung X #h.a ?hWn mU W- m b;t ' ti liH- ]S no #>ng ?hNi #. Qh-$# tCnh
version q=# inh ?hi4n bNn ]S ,8# sK IJng. Qh-$# tCnh encoding q=# :nh tG? 'C tB
,8# sK IJng 6 mL ha I1 liH-. Qrong tr,ng h8? #@a ta l tG? 'C tB ngn ng1 Anh ! Q53
-. ii= tr: m%# :nh #@a th-$# tCnh n3 l QmR. Vung a l #h thC#h. lhi #=# #h,Mng
tr<nh ?h5n tC#h (?arser)2 qK l& (?ro#essor) s9 'hng 6 & (n. ]J# C#h #@a n l lm #ho ti
liH- I} O# hMn (reaIabilit3). C=# #h thC#h s9 6 !o trong RR RR. C=# Iung c2 Xb #>ng
?hJ# !J #ho !iH# #h thC#h. Vung d l ?hWn tK g#. ]Ei ti liH- ]l bao gi #>ng #h.a ?hWn
tK g#. Q,Mng .ng !"i tag mU <BookStore> # tag ng </BookStore> U Iung X~. Vung {
# #h.a tag mU <Book> #@a ?hWn tK Book. Q,Mng .ng !"i ?hWn tK mU # ?hWn tK ng
</Book>. `hWn tK n3 n)m trong ?hWn tK g#. `hWn tK n3 # th-$# tCnh IV 6 Nm bNo tCnh
I-3 nh;t #@a mEi #-n s=#h. Qrong ?hWn tK n3 #h.a #=# ?hWn tK nh_ hMn nh, Author2
Title2 Date. `hWn tK Book # th6 q-;t hiHn nhiA- hMn m$t lWn. Qrong tr,ng h8? #@a ta l a.
Q+ Iung XX (n Iung X{ Ing 6 ?hJ# !J #ho !iH# m tN ?hWn tK Too' th. hai. YG3 5- l
ng-34n tp# F-3 :nh !iH# ,a #=# ?hWn tK !o ti liH- #hPng hn nh, ?hWn tK Book # th6
q-;t hiHn nhiA- hMn m$t lWn2 th-$# tCnh IV l bpt b-$# ?hNi # trong ?hWn tK Book e. C5- trN
li #hCnh l VQV (Vo#-ment Q3?e Vefinition).
X{
2.4.4 DTD
VQV thB# #h;t l m$t ?hWn #@a %# tN ]S2 hMn l m$t thB# th6 ri4ng lr. ]%t 'h=#2 n l t3
#hOn !< bn # th6 !i(t m$t ti liH- m 'hng #Wn # n. ]J# C#h #hCnh #@a n l m tN m$t
l"? #=# no #=# ti liH- ]S (t,Mng tB nh, ng1 ?h=? #ho #=# ngn ng1 'h=#)2 ! Io
=? %t #=# r)ng b-$# t"i #;- tr# #@a #=# ti liH- ]S. ]$t ti liH- ,8# #oi l ng pn n(-
n t-5n theo m$t VQV # tr,"#. V,"i 53 ta qzt m$t !C IJ #J th6.
V dn
1: <!H:HIH75 )oo*S!ore J)oo*KL>
2: <!H:HIH75 )oo* J5i!leM 3$!"orNM 2?!eL>
3: <!355:IS5 )oo* I2 OPH4QIPH2>
4: <!H:HIH75 5i!le JO>R2353L>
5: <!H:HIH75 3$!"or JO>R2353
+
L>
6: <!H:HIH75 2?!e JO>R2353L>
Vung X #h0 ra r)ng ?hWn tK g# l Too'Ztore. Qrong ?hWn tK Too'Ztore # th6 'hng #h.a
ho%# #h.a nhiA- ?hWn tK Too'. Vung a #h0 ra n(- ?hWn tK Too' ,8# ,a !o trong !gn
bNn ]S th< ?hWn tK n3 # th6 bao gDm #=# ?hWn tK #;? nh_ hMn U trong nn
TitIen q-;t hiHn X ! #h0 X lWn.
Authorn -;t hiHn m$t lWn ho%# nhiA- lWn
Daten -;t hiHn X ! #h0 X lWn.
Vung d ni r)ng ?hWn tK Too' bpt b-$# ?hNi # th-$# tCnh IV (thng F-a I;- hiH- l
#REQUIRED). Vung c ni r)ng ?hWn tK Qitle #h.a I1 liH- 'i6- 'C tB. Q,Mng tB !"i #=# Iung
{ ! ~.
Q-3 nhi4n2 VQV #>ng b$# l$ nh1ng hn #h( #@a n.
lhng m tN b)ng ngn ng1 ]Sn Chng ta !i(t ti liH- ]S sK IJng m$t # ?h=?
! !i(t VQV b)ng m$t # ?h=? 'h=#. ChCnh iA- n3 g53 'h 'hgn #ho #=# #h,Mng
tr<nh ?h5n tC#h.
kn #h( !A 'i6- I1 liH- #M bNnn th,ng 6 Nm bNo # th6 l;3 ,8# #=# I1 liH- t+
#M sU I1 liH- th,ng 34- #W- ]S ?hNi #-ng #;? W3 @ #=# 'i6- I1 liH- #M bNn
trong #M sU I1 liH-.]$t trong #=# i6m 3(- #@a VQV l #h0 hE tr8 'i6- I1 liH-
#h-Ei 'C tB (`CVAQA).
C=# iA- 'iHn r)ng b-$# trong VQV #>ng 'hng mnhn Ch0 hE tr8 nh1ng 'i6- r)ng
b-$# nh, */ ( X ho%# nhiA- hMn)2 *e/ (b ho%# X)2 */ (b ho%# nhiA- hMn). lhng #-ng
#;? 'hN ngng to #=# r)ng b-$# t<m th;3 trong #M sU I1 liH- (liHt '42 miAn2 #hiA- Ii
#h-Ei).
Y ]S Zhema L ra i tha3 th( #ho VQV. ]$t i6m #>ng #Wn l,- & r)ng a s #=# %# tN
#@a ZC[\] A- Ing ]S Zhema. Chng ta giNi thC#h ]S l g< nga3 U ?hWn I,"i 53.
2.4.5 XML Schema
`hWn n3 nh)m gi"i thiH- ]S Zhema l g< # 'm theo m$t !C IJ giNi thC#h. 6 #hi ti(t hMn
!A #=# 34- #W- #J th6 i !"i ]S Z#hema qin qem U .d#.org]SZ#hema. ]S
Zhema L 'hp# ?hJ# ,8# #=# hn #h( #@a VQV. Qh. nh;t2 #=# 'i6- I1 liH- #@a n nhiA-
hMn hPn. 7 hE tr8 nhiA- 'i6- I1 liH- #M bNn t<m th;3 trong #M sU I1 liH- nh, string2
boolean2 Ie#imal2 integer2 Iate. 7goi ra2 #>ng # th6 to 'i6- I1 liH- ri4ng n(- m-n
(#om?leqQ3?e). Qh. hai2 n ,8# !i(t theo ng # ?h=? #@a m$t ti liH- ]S. Qh. ba2 n
hE tr8 'i6- !i(t theo 'i6- h,"ng i t,8ng. Chng ta # th6 ,a ra #=# :nh nghfa 'i6- m"i
IBa tr4n #=# 'i6- #>. C-i #ng2 iA- 'iHn r)ng b-$# I1 liH- mnh hMn nh, maxlength2
precision2 enumeration2 maxInclusive (#Gn tr4n)2 minInclusive (#Gn I,"i).
V d 1 n
1: <?xml version=S1.0S?>
A: <xsd:sc"em? xmlns:xsd=S"!!<:99TTT.TU.org9A0019DI:Sc"em?S
U: !?rge!7?mes<?ce=S"!!<:99TTT.Voo*s.orgS
@: xmlns=S"!!<:99TTT.Voo*s.orgS>
5: <xsd:elemen! n?me=S)oo*S!oreS>
W: <xsd:com<lex5-<e>
X~
X: <xsd:seY$ence>
8: <xsd:elemen! reZ=S)oo*S minOcc$rs=S0S
m?xOcc$rs=S$nVo$ndedS9>
[: <9xsd:seY$ence>
10: <9xsd:com<lex5-<e>
11: <9xsd:elemen!>
1A: <xsd:elemen! n?me=S)oo*S>
1U: <xsd:com<lex5-<e>
1@: <xsd:seY$ence>
15: <xsd:elemen! reZ=S5i!leS minOcc$rs=S1S m?xOcc$rs=S1S9>
1W: <xsd:elemen! reZ=S3$!"orS minOcc$rs=S1S m?xOcc$rs=S1S9>
1X : <xsd:elemen! reZ=S2?!eS minOcc$rs=S1S m?xOcc$rs=S1S9>
18 : <9xsd:seY$ence>
1[ : <9xsd:com<lex5-<e>
A0: <9xsd:elemen!>
A1: <xsd:elemen! n?me=S5i!leS !-<e=Sxsd:s!ringS9>
AA: <xsd:elemen! n?me=S3$!"orS !-<e=Sxsd:s!ringS9>
AU: <xsd:elemen! n?me=S2?!eS !-<e=Sxsd:s!ringS9>
A@: <9xsd:sc"em?>
Vung W- ti4n 'hng # g< =ng #h &2 #h0 l gi"i thiH- !A !ersion #@a qml (?rolog). Vung
a =ng #h & # ?hWn tK schema nh, l ?hWn tK g# #@a #=# ]S Z#hema (<xsd:schema>
</xsd:schema>). Qi(? theo l xmlns:xsd = http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema. l
#=# thnh ?hWn ! 'i6- I1 liH- ,8# sK IJng 6 q53 IBng s#hema nh,n s#hema2 element2
#om?leqQ3?e2 seF-en#e2 string F-3 :nh t+ htt?n.d.orgabbX]SZ#hema. Vung d l
targetNamespace = http://www.books.org F-3 :nh #=# thnh ?hWn :nh nghfa bUi s#hema
n3 nh, BookStore, Book, Title, Author, Date. Vung c l xmlns = http://www.books.org, t.#
l t4n names?a#e m%# :nh l htt?n.boo's.org trng !"i target7ames?a#e. Vung { 'hai
b=o ?hWn tK BookStore. Qhr ng t,Mng .ng !"i n l Iung XX. Vung ~ 'hai b=o 'i6- #@a
n. 532 #hng ta 'hng F-3 :nh n l 'i6- #J th6 no n4n #h0 6 n l
<xsd :complexType>. Qhr ng #@a n n)m U Iung Xb. Vung t #h0 ra r)ng # #=# ?hWn tK
'h=# n)m trong ?hWn tK BookStore. Qhr ng t,Mng .ng !"i n n)m U Iung s. Vung #h0
ra BookStore #h.a ?hWn tK #on l Book. `hWn tK n3 # th6 q-;t hiHn b ho%# nhiA- lWn.
Vung Xa m tN ?hWn tK Book. Qhr ng #@a n n)m U Iung ab. Vung X{2 X~2 ! Xt #h0 ra
r)ng ?hWn tK Book # #=# ?hWn tK #on l Title, Author2 ! Date. C=# ?hWn tK Title, Date q-;t
hiHn X ! #h0 m$t lWn. Qrong 'hi ?hWn tK Author # th6 q-;t hiHn m$t ho%# nhiA- lWn. Vung
aX2 aa2 ! ad l :nh nghfa #J th6 #@a #=# ?hWn tK Title2 Author2 ! Date. Q;t #N #=# ?hWn tK
A- 'hng # ?hWn tK #on trong n. Q.# #hng l #=# ?hWn tK #M bNn ! #hng # #=# 'i6-
#M bNn A- l 'i6- #h-Ei (string). Qa liHt '4 #=# 'i6- I1 liH- #M bNn thng F-a bNng I,"i
53n
Kiu d Iiu co bn V d
string *kello orlI/
boolean (tr-efalse2bX)
Ie#imal *t.b/
float *Xa.{~jd2 Xa2 Xa{~b2 b2 Rb2 I7m2 RI7m2 7A7/
Io-ble *Xa.{~jd2 Xa2 Xa{~b2 b2 Rb2 I7m2 RI7m2 7A7/
I-ration *`Xa]dVQXbkdb]Xa.dZ/
IateQime [nh dang: CCYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss
time [nh dang: hh:mm:ss.sss
Iate [nh dang: CCYY-MM-DD
gear]onth [nh dang: CCYY-MM
gear [nh dang: CCYY
g]onthVa3 [nh dang: RRMM-DD
gVa3 [nh dang: RRRVV
g]onth [nh dang: RR]]RR
heqTinar3 ]$t #h-Ei 'C tB Ing heq
base~cTinar3 ]$t #h-Ei 'C tB Ing base ~c
an3\I htt?n.qfront.#om
Xt
y7ame Q4n #@a 7ames?a#e
7goi ra #hng ta #>ng # th6 :nh nghfa 'i6- I1 liH- #@a ri4ng m<nh t+ #=# 'i6- I1 liH- #M
bNn ,8# #-ng #;?. kL3 qem !C IJ sa-n
V d 2 n
1: <?xml version=S1.0S?>
A: <xsd:sc"em? xmlns:xsd=S"!!<:99TTT.TU.org9A0019DI:Sc"em?S
U: !?rge!7?mes<?ce=S"!!<:99TTT.Voo*s.orgS
@: xmlns=S"!!<:99TTT.Voo*s.orgS
5: elemen!\orm2eZ?$l!=SY$?liZiedS>
W: <xsd:elemen! n?me=S)oo*S!oreS>
X: <xsd:com<lex5-<e>
8: <xsd:seY$ence>
[: <xsd:elemen! n?me=S)oo*S type="BookPublication"
m?xOcc$rs=S$nVo$ndedS9>
10: <9xsd:seY$ence>
11: <9xsd:com<lex5-<e>
1A: <9xsd:elemen!>
1U: <x!"co#plex$ype na#e="BookPublication"%
1@: <x!"e&uence%
15: <x!"ele#ent na#e="$itle" type="x!"t'in(")%
1W: <x!"ele#ent na#e="*ut+o'" type="x!"t'in(")%
1X: <x!"ele#ent na#e=",ate" type="x!"t'in(")%
18: <)x!"e&uence%
1[: <)x!"co#plex$ype%
A0: <9xsd:sc"em?>
Qa th;3 !C IJ a n3 hon ton ging !C IJ X tr,"# !A n$i I-ng s#hema. i6m 'h=# I-3
nh;t l !C IJ a # ,a th4m !o m$t 'i6- #J th6 #ho ?hWn tK Book2 l 'i6-
BookPubIication (Iung s). Q+ Iung Xd (n Iung Xs l :nh nghfa t,ng minh 'i6-
BookPubIication IBa tr4n #=# 'i6- #M bNn. YG3 m$t ti liH- ]S m-n sK sJng ]S
Z#hema th< sK IJng nh, th( noe Qhng F-a !C IJ d2 #hng ta s9 ,a ra #5- trN li #ho #5-
h_i n3.
V d 3 n
1. <?xml version=S1.0S?>
A. <)oo*S!ore x#ln ="+ttp"))---.book.o'("
3. x#ln"xi="+ttp"))---.-3.o'()2001)/012c+e#a3
intance"
4. xi"c+e#a1ocation="+ttp"))---.book.o'(
5. Book2to'e.x!">
W. <)oo*>
X. <5i!le>DE lF !Gn "i#$ s&<95i!le>
8. <3$!"or>4$'c" 5$6n 7g8c<93$!"or>
[. <2?!e>@9@9A00A<92?!e>
10. <9)oo*>
11. <9)oo*S!ore>
Chng ta s9 6 & (n #=# Iung #h1 Gm trong !C IJ d. Vung Gm W- ti4n #h0 ra r)ng #=#
thnh ?hWn Ing trong file ]S n3 # q-;t q. t+ names?a#e htt?n.boo's.org. Qa qzt
Iung d ! c tr,"# sa- F-a3 li !"i Iung a. s#hemaSo#ation #h0 ra r)ng names?a#e
htt?n.boo's.org ,8# :nh nghfa trong file BookStore.xsd. Q.# l s#hemaSo#ation
bao gi #>ng #h.a m$t #%? gi= tr:. Vung a ni r)ng th-$# tCnh s#hemaSo#ation #hng ta
ang sK IJng ,8# F-3 :nh trong names?a#e #@a ]SZ#hema Instan#e. C=# Iung t+ ~
(n Xb t-5n th@ ng #=# l-Gt :nh nghfa trong ]SRZ#hema. CJ th6 l bao gDm m$t ?hWn
tK Book. Qrong ?hWn tK Too' #h.a #=# ?hWn tK #on TitIe2 Author2 ! Date. C=# ?hWn tK
#on n3 q-;t hiHn ng m$t lWn.
X
2.5 Content Aggregation ModeI
2.5.1 Tng quan
6 Nm bNo #=# 34- #W- #ao %t ra !"i ZC[\]2 #-n s=#h F-3 :nh #=# tr=#h nhiHm ! #=#
34- #W- 6 q53 IBng n$i I-ng ! t #h.# n$i I-ng. CJ th6 hMn l #-n s=#h #h.a #=# thng
tin #Wn thi(t #ho !iH# to #=# gi n$i I-ng2 =? IJng metaRIata #ho #=# thnh ?hWn trong m$t
gi n$i I-ng ! =? IJng #hi ti(t !A tr<nh b3 th. tB n$i I-ng hO# tG? (ta gi tpt l 0"c #1n2
t23 t4) ! #=# giao IiHn ng,i Ing hE tr8 !iH# I-3Ht t+ m$t n$i I-ng hO# tG? (ta gOi tpt l
duy5t) trong ng1 #Nnh #@a m$t gi n$i I-ng. C-n s=#h bao gDm #=# ?hWn #hCnh sa-n
] h<nh n$i I-ng (Content Model)n :nh nghfa #=# th-Gt ng1 F-an trOng Ing s-t
trong CA]
ng gi n$i I-ng (Content (ac)a&in&)n #=# m tN ! #=# 34- #W- Ing 6 q53
IBng ! ng gi n$i I-ng hO# tG?
]etaRIatan #=# m tN ! #=# 34- #W- 6 m tN #=# thnh ?hWn ZC[\].
=# :nh th. tB ! tr<nh I-3Ht (Se*uencin& and Navi&ation)n C=# m tN ! #=# 34-
#W- 6 :nh nghfa thng tin q=# :nh th. tB ! I-3Ht.
Hnh v m t tm tt cho chng ta hnh dng qua v cun sch CAM. Bn tay tri l cc t
kha ca SCORM: S2arable Content Ob6ect, Asset, Content (ac)a&in&, Meta'data, v
Se*uencin& Inor+ation. Bn tay phi l cc dc t m cun sch mon t cc t chc
khc nhau: Meta'data (ca IEEE LOM 1484.12), Content Structure (ca AICC), Content
(ac)a&in& (ca IMS), v Se*uencin& Inor+ation (ca IMS).
C-n s=#h 'h= I3 gDm a{s trang. Qrong ?hm !i D =n #hng ta 'hng h3 !Ong tr<nh b3
ton b$. C=#h tr<nh b3 #@a ta l tr<nh b3 nh1ng i6m F-an trOng nh;t ! ,a ra m$t s thC
IJ minh hOa 6 ng,i O# # #=# 'i(n th.# ban W- #Wn thi(t 6 # th6 t<m hi6- ,8# #=#
n$i I-ng #un li.
2.5.2 Cc khi nim quan trng
`hWn n3 :nh nghfa #=# thnh ?hWn #@a ZC[\] Ing 6 q53 IBng m$t n$i I-ng hO# tG?
# & nghfa t+ #=# ti ng-34n hO# tG?. `hWn n3 #>ng tr<nh b3 theo #;- tr# t+ #=# ti
ng-34n hO# tG?2 # th6 #hia sr ,8# nh_ t"i #=# Mn !: hO# tG? #ao hMn. `hWn n3 ,8#
#;- thnh t+ d ?hWn nh_ hMn Asset2 Zharable Content [bve#t (ZC[)2 ! Content
[rganiation.
Xs
2.5.2.1 Asset
Asset l Ing #M bNn nh;t #@a m$t ti ng-34n hO# tG?. Asset l bi6- Ii}n iHn tK #@a meIia2
#hPng hn teqt2 5m thanh2 #=# i t,8ng =nh gi= ha3 b;t ' m$t m^- I1 liH- no # th6
hi6n th: ,8# bUi oeb ! ,a t"i ?hCa hO# !i4n. kMn m$t asset # th6 ,8# tG? h8? li 6
q53 IBng #=# asset 'h=# (ChPng hn nh, asset l trang kQ]S # th6 l tG? h8? #@a #=#
asset 'h=# nha- nh, Nnh2 teqt2 a-Iio2 ! !iIeo.
Trn hnh v biu din mt lot cc asset khc nhau: ile audio 7A8, ile Audio M(/, c"c 29+
6avascript, %n2 :(E;, %n2 ;I<, +=t #o>n ?@ML, tran& 7eb, #Ai tBCn& <las2, t9i li5u DML.
Asset # th6 # th6 ,8# m tN bUi asset ]etaRIata #ho ?hz? t<m 'i(m ! ?h=t hiHn
trong #=# 'ho #h.a. Io tgng tCnh sK IJng li.
2.5.2.2 SharabIe Content Object (SCO)
]$t ZC[ l m$t tG? h8? #@a m$t ho%# nhiA- asset bi6- Ii}n m$t ti ng-34n hO# tG? # th6
t<m 'i(m ! hi6n th: ,8# sK IJng ZC[\] \Qj 6 trao i thng tin !"i S]Z ( 53 ta hi6-
S]Z l m$t hH thng gDm #=# #h.# ngng thi(t '( 6 ?h5n ?hi2 theo Iwi2 thng b=o ! F-Nn
l& n$i I-ng hO# tG?2 F-= tr<nh hO# tG? #@a hO# !i4n ! #=# t,Mng t=# #@a hO# !i4n. 6 hi6-
#hi ti(t hMn qin qem th4m ?hWn d.a). ]$t ZC[ bi6- Ii}n m.# nh_ nh;t #@a '(t h8? n$i I-ng
sao #ho # th6 theo Iwi ,8# bUi S]Z sK IJng \Qj Vata ]oIel. ZB 'h=# biHt I-3 nh;t gi1a
m$t ZC[ ! asset l ZC[ trao i thng tin !"i S]Z sK IJng Ijjj jC]AZ#ri?t A`I. 6
hi6- rw hMn hL3 qem h<nh !9 I,"i 53n
Trn hnh v chi ra doc su khc bit ca SCO vi asset. Bn tay tri chi ra SCO l tp hop ca cc
asset khc nhau. im khc bit l nm khung bn tay phi. Khung d m t qu trnh SCO trao di
ab
thng tin vi LMS. u tin, SCO tm LMS cung cp di tong API. Sau d, SCO s dung di tong
tm thy goi phong thc InitialiEe!F d khi to phin lm vic vi LMS. Nu cn SCO c th dng
cc phong thc API ;et8alue, Set8alue d ly hoc thit lp cc gi trj cn thit. Cui cng, SCO
kt thc phin trao di thng tin vi LMS thng qua phong thc @er+inate!F.
C>ng nh, asset2 ZC[ # th6 ,8# ,8# m tN bUi ZC[ ]etaRIata 6 # th6 t<m 'i(m !
?h=t hiHn ,8# trong #=# 'ho #h.a ti ng-34n hO# tG?.
7h, L tr<nh b3 U h<nh !9 tr4n2 ZC[ ?hNi t-5n theo #=# F-3 :nh q=# :nh trong ZC[\]
\Qj. ZC[ ?hNi # #=# #ng #J #Wn thi(t 6 t<m S]Z #-ng #;? A`I ! gOi ti thi6- a ?h,Mng
th.# Initialie()2 Qerminate(). C=# hm 'h=# # th6 ,8# gOi nh,ng #h0 l t- #hOn. 4- #W-
bpt b-$# ZC[ ?hNi t-5n theo #=# F-3 :nh trong ZC[\] \Qj # nh1ng l8i C#h sa-n
S]Z hE tr8 ZC[\] \Qj # th6 t<m ! hi6n th: ZC[ ! theo Iwi2 'hng F-an t5m ai
sinh ra n.
T;t ' S]Z no hE tr8 ZC[\] \Qj # th6 theo Iwi b;t ' ZC[ no ! bi(t 'hi no
n bpt W- ! 'hi no n '(t th#.
T;t ' S]Z no hE tr8 ZC[\] \Qj # th6 ?h=t hiHn ! hi6n th: b;t ' ZC[ no theo #ng
m$t #=#h ging nha-.
2.5.2.3 T chc ni dung (Content Organization)
Q #h.# n$i I-ng l m$t bNn D bi6- Ii}n IB :nh sK IJng n$i I-ng thng F-a #=# Mn !:
giNng I3 # #;- tr# (nh, #hng ta s9 bi(t sa- n3 trong n3 #-n s=#h ZeF-en#ing
7a!igation #hng ta s9 gOi #hng l activities). TNn D #h0 ra #=# a#ti!ities F-an hH !"i nha-
ra sao.
Nh trn hnh v ta thy cc activities biu din trong Content Or&aniEation c th cha cc activites
khc (sub'activities), v c th trong cc sub'activities c th cha cc activities khc. Ni chung
cc activities c th phn cp su hon vi s cp tu trong n. Cc activities khng c activity con
no th doc gn vi mt ti nguyn hoc tp (learnin& resource) hoc l asset hoc l SCO v doc
goi l mt lea-activity. Cc activities cha cc activites khc trong n doc goi l Cluster.
Content [rganiation ]etaRIata # th6 ,8# Ing 6 m tN Content [rganiation2 Io
tgng #,ng tCnh sK IJng li. kMn th( n1a2 mEi a#ti!it3 trong m$t Content [rganiation #
th6 ,8# m tN bUi a#ti!it3 ]etaRIata #ho ?hz? t<m 'i(m ! ?h=t hiHn trong #=# 'ho l,- tr12
Io tgng #,ng 'hN ngng sK IJng li. C=# thng tin q=# :nh th. tB # th6 ,8# =? IJng
#ho #=# a#ti!ites. YiH# q=# :nh th. tB theo IB inh ,8# :nh nghfa nh, m$t ?hWn #@a
Content [rganiation2 b)ng #=#h q=# :nh #;- tr# #@a #=# a#ti!ities trong mi F-an hH !"i
#=# a#ti!ities 'h=# ! gpn #=# thng tin q=# :nh th. tB #ho mEi a#ti!it3. S]Z #h:- tr=#h
aX
nhiHm I:#h #=# thng tin q=# :nh th. tB m tN trong Content [rganiation ! =? IJng #=#
hnh !i q=# :nh th. tB (seF-en#ing beha!ior #hng ta s9 giNi thC#h 'f hMn trong ?hWn
ZeF-en#ing 7a!igation) 6 'i6m so=t th. tB thB# t( #@a #=# ti ng-34n hO# tG? (learning
reso-r#es) l# #h3. kL3 nh" li tr,"# 'hi # ZC[\] ! sB nhGn th.# #h-36n i sang #=#
#hi(n l,8# ?h=t tri6n # th6 sK IJng li th< mOi #h-3Hn hon ton 'h=#. thi '< CTQ
(#om?-terRbaseI training) th< #=# #ng #J to bi giNng th,ng ,8# gpn !"i #=# thng tin
q=# inh th. tB ! I-3Ht (seF-en#ing anI na!igation information) !"i nhiHm !J 'i6m so=t
qem ?hWn no #@a #-a hO# s9 ,a #ho sinh !i4n qem theo m$t :nh Ing ri4ng. ChCnh !<
!G32 r;t 'h 'hgn 6 #hia sr #=# n$i I-ng gi1a #=# mi tr,ng to n$i I-ng 'h=# nha- !
'h # th6 sK IJng li n$i I-ng trong #=# ng1 #Nnh 'h=# nha- # #=# 34- #W- !A q=# :nh
th. tB 'h=# nha-.
Y"i ZC[\]2 #hng ta s9 th;3 U #=# ?hWn sa-2 thng tin !A q=# :nh th. tB :nh nghfa tr4n
#=# a#ti!ities ,8# bi6- Ii}n trong Content [rganiation ! ,8# %t U ngoi #=# ti ng-34n
hO# tG? gpn liAn !"i #=# a#ti!ities. S]Z s9 # tr=#h nhiHm t<m 'i(m ! hi6n th: #=# ti ng-34n
hO# tG? gpn liAn !"i #=# a#ti!ities IBa theo #=# thng tin q=# :nh th. tB ,8# F-3 :nh
tr,"#. 53 l m$t & t,Ung r;t F-an trOng bUi !< 'hN ngng sK IJng li ti ng-34n hO# tG? s9 b:
hn #h( n(- m$t ti ng-34n hO# tG? ,8# gpn liAn !"i #=# thng tin q=# :nh th. tB ?hJ
th-$# ng1 #Nnh #J th6 #@a #-a hO#. YC IJ2 n(- m$t ti ng-34n hO# tG? #h.a m$t r9 nh=nh
*#h%t/ t"i m$t ti ng-34n hO# tG? 'h=# I,"i m$t iA- 'iHn #J th6 th< n 'hng th6 Ing li
trong m$t #-a hO# 'h=# 'hi ti ng-34n hO# tG? th. hai 'hng th6 =? IJng ,8# ho%# 'hng
#. Q-3 nhi4n2 ZC[\] #>ng bi(t r)ng m$t !i ti ng-34n hO# tG? # th6 #h.a tCnh logi# ri4ng
b4n trong n. ]$t ti ng-34n hO# tG? nh, !G3 # th6 r9 nh=nh b4n trong n ?hJ th-$# #=#
t,Mng t=# #@a ng,i Ing. 7h1ng r9 nh=nh trong s-t i !"i S]Z ! h8? l& #ho #=# ti
ng-34n hO# tG? no .
2.5.2.4 Cc thnh phn ca SCORM Meta-data
C=# ZC[\] ]etaRIata `rofiles bi6- Ii}n !iH# =nh q ! #=#h sK IJng tt nh;t #=# thnh
?hWn #@a Ijjj Searning Qe#hnolog3 ZtanIarIs Committee (SQZC) Searning [bve#t
]etaIata (S[]) #ho mEi thnh ?hWn #@a ZC[\] Content ]oIel. 7i #h-ng2 metaRIata s9
,8# sK IJng #ho assets2 ZC[s2 a#ti!ities2 ! Content [rganiations 6 m tN #hng theo
m$t #=#h # F-3 tr<nh sao #ho #hng # th6 ,8# q=# :nh2 ?h5n loi2 t<m 'i(m thng F-a
#=# hH thng 'h=# nha- 6 tgng #,ng tCnh sK IJng li ! #hia sr. C=# #hCnh s=#h F-3 :nh
sB =? IJng metaRIata #ho #=# thnh ?hWn #@a Content Aggregation ]oIel ?hNi ,8# :nh
nghfa trong #=# t #h.# mong m-ng sK IJng li IBa tr4n #=# 34- #W- #@a #=# t #h.# .
ZC[\] 'hng # & :nh =? %t #=# 34- #W- li4n F-an t"i F-3 m sK IJng #=# tag #@a #=#
thnh ?hWn Content ]oIel m #h0 #-ng #;? #=# h,"ng Ixn thB# t(2 IBa tr4n #h-^n #ho #=#
t #h.# m-n sK IJng li ! #hia sr n$i I-ng hO# tG?.
Content Aggregation ModeI Meta-data:
] tN tng h8? n$i I-ng (#ontent aggregation ha3 #ontent ?a#'age). 7h, tr4n L ni mJ#
C#h #@a n l tgng #,ng 'hN ngng t<m th;3 #@a Content Aggregation ! #-ng #;? thng tin
m tN !A tng th6 !A Content Aggregation.
Content Organization Meta-data:
Vng 6 m tN t #h.# n$i I-ng (Content [rganiation). ]J# C#h l=? IJng l tgng #,ng
'hN ngng t<m th;3 trong 'ho n$i I-ng ! #-ng #;? thng tin m tN tng th6 !A #;- tr# n$i
I-ng :nh nghfa bUi Content [rganiation.
Activity Meta-datan
Vng 6 m tN m$t a#ti!it3 Mn lr. ]J# C#h =? IJng l lm #ho a#ti!it3 # th6 t<m 'i(m
,8# trong m$t 'ho n$i I-ng. ]etaRIata Ing 6 m tN ton b$ a#ti!it3. 4- #W- %t ra trong
m tN F-3 :nh trong A#ti!it3 ]etaRIata A??li#ation `rofile (s9 ni rw U ?hWn ]etaRIata).
SCO Meta-data:
]etaRIata # th6 =? IJng #ho #=# ZC[ 6 #-ng #;? thng tin m tN !A n$i I-ng trong ZC[
'hng ?hJ th-$# #=#h sK IJng n$i I-ng trong #=# #-a hO# 'h=# nha-. C>ng nh, tr4n2 mJ#
C#h l tgng #,ng tCnh t<m 'i(m ! ?h=t hiHn ,8#. 4- #W- %t ra ,8# F-3 :nh trong
(ZC[ ]etaRIata A??li#ation `rofile).
aa
Asset Meta-data:
]etaRIata # th6 ,8# =? IJng #ho #=# asset #-ng #;? #=# thng tin m tN 6 tgng #,ng
tCnh sK IJng li2 t<m 'i(m ,8# asset 'hi asset ,8# l,- tr1 trong #=# 'ho n$i I-ng 'h=#
nha-.
p dng Meta-datan
CM #h( 6 r)ng b-$# #=# thnh ?hWn Content ]oIel 6 ?h h8? !"i ]etaRIata a??li#ation
?rofile l Content `a#'age. kiHn ti # { #hE m metaRIata # th6 =? IJng trong gi n$i
I-ng (#ontent ?a#'age)n
Manifestn ]etaRIata ti m.# manifest le!el (Content Aggregation ]etaRIata) ?hNi
t-5n theo F-3 :nh bUi Ijjj SQZC S[] nh,ng 'hng # r)ng b-$# b s-ng U ?hCa
ZC[\].
Organizationn ]etaRIata ti m.# t #h.# m tN ton b$ Content [rganiation. 7 #
th6 l m$t #-a hO#2 m$t bi2 ho%# b;t ' m$t Mn !: giNng I3 no # #;- tr#.
Itemn ]etaRIata U m.# item m tN m tN hH thng ?h5n #;? #@a #=# a#ti!ities theo
?h,Mng th.# ?hJ th-$# ng1 #Nnh.
Resourcen ]etaRIata ti m.# n3 m tN ti ng-34n theo 'i6- ZC[ ho%# asset.
FiIen ]etaRIata ti m.# n3 m tN m$t asset theo #=#h th.# 'hng ?hJ th-$# ng1
#Nnh.
2.5.3 ng gi ni dung trong SCORM
2.5.3.1 Tng quan
`hWn ng gi n$i I-ng #h@ 3(- IBa tr4n I]Z Content `a#'aging Z?e#ifi#ation. ]J# C#h l
#-ng #;? m$t #=#h #h-^n ho= trao i n$i I-ng hO# tG? gi1a #=# hH thng ho%# #ng #J
'h=# nha-. 7 #>ng #-ng #;? #=#h 6 m tN #;- tr# ! th. tB q=# inh #@a #=# n$i I-ng
hO# tG?. Zp? t"i #hng ta s9 tG? tr-ng !o #=# ?hWn sa- 53n
Content Package Componentsn :nh nghfa #=# 'h=i niHm #M bNn trong m$t gi n$i
I-ng (#ontent ?a#'age). Chng ta s9 #Wn ?hNi hi6- #=# 'h=i niHm n3 tr,"# 'hi
#h-36n sang t<m hi6- #=# ?hWn sa- n.
Components of a Manifest: :nh nghfa #=# thnh ?hWn #@a m$t manifest. ]anifest
,8# qem nh, thnh ?hWn #t 3(- #@a m$t gi n$i I-ng. 7 Ing 6 m tN #=#
thnh ?hWn #@a m$t gi n$i I-ng.
BuiIding Content Packagesn :nh nghfa F-= tr<nh q53 IBng m$t gi n$i I-ng. `hWn
n3 tG? tr-ng !o !iH# to ra m$t gi n$i I-ng ! file manifest.
SCORM Content Package AppIication ProfiIesn :nh nghfa !iH# to #=# gi t,Mng
thC#h !"i ZC[\] #h.a #=# assets2 ZC[s2 ! Content [rganiations. `hWn n3 m tN
hai ?rofile ! #=# 34- #W- i liAn !"i #=# ?rofile n3.
Best Pratices and PracticaI GuideLines : :nh nghfa m$t lot #=# #h0 Ixn ! #=# li
'h-34n 'hi tri6n 'hai thGt sB !iH# q53 IBng ho%# qK l& #=# gi n$i I-ng.
2.5.3.2 Cc thnh phn ca mt gi ni dung
`hWn n3 m tN tng F-an !A #=# gi n$i I-ng. I]Z Content `a#'aging Z?e#ifi#ation m tN
#;- tr# I1 liH- ,8# Ing 6 Nm bNo tCnh 'hN #h-36n n$i I-ng IBa tr4n mi tr,ng
Internet to ra bUi #=# #ng #J son bi giNng2 S]Z ! mi tr,ng thB# thi 'h=# nha-. y-3
m #@a I]Z Content `a#'ing Z?e#ifi#ation l tG? tr-ng !o tCnh 'hN #h-36n gi1a #=# hH
thng m m-n nhG?2 q-;t2 tng h8? ! ?h5n t=#h #=# gi n$i I-ng. ]$t I]Z Content
`a#'age #h.a hai thnh ?hWn #hCnh ln
]$t ti liH- %# biHt m tN #;- tr# n$i I-ng ! #=# ti ng-34n i 'm !"i gi gOi l
manifest file2 #J th6 l trong gi s9 l file imsmanifest.qml. mile n3 34- #W- ?hNi # ti
g# #@a gi n$i I-ng.
C=# file !Gt l& to n4n gi2 gDm #=# n$i I-ng m-n tr<nh b3 #ho hO# !i4n.
ad
Hnh v trn cho chng ta thy mt gi ni dung gm 2 phn l: imsmaniest.xml v cc ile cha cc
ni dung tht su mun phn phi (media, assessment).
Gi ni dung (content package)
ii bi6- Ii}n m$t Mn !: hO# tG?. 7 # th6 l m$t ?hWn #@a #-a hO#2 m$t #-a hO#2 ho%# tG?
h8? nhiA- #-a hO# 'h=# nha- ! ,8# ?h5n ?hi m$t #=#h $# lG?.]$t gi ?hNi # 'hN ngng
tDn ti m$t m<nh t.# l2 n ?hNi #h.a #=# thng tin #Wn thi(t 6 sK IJng n$i I-ng ,8# ng
gi ?hJ# !J #ho !iH# hO# tG? 'hi ,8# mU.
Manifest
7(- gi n$i I-ng ,8# IB :nh 6 ?h5n ?hi t"i hO# !i4n2 th< manifest #h.a thng tin !A n$i
I-ng ,8# t #h.# nh, th( no. ]anifest ?hNi t-5n theo #=# 34- #W- sa- 53n
]anifest file ?hNi # t4n l imsmanifest.qml
imsmanifest.qml ! #=# file iA- 'hi6n 'h=# (VQV2 ZV) ?hNi %t ti g# #@a gi n$i
I-ng. 7(- mU r$ng ,8# b s-ng th4m b)ng #=# file th< #=# file n3 #>ng ?hNi %t ti
g# #@a gi.
Q;t #N #=# 34- #W- ,8# %t trong I]Z Content `a#'aging ]S TinIing
Z?e#ifi#ation.
Package Interchange FiIe (PIF)
`a#'age Inter#hange mile (`Im) l !iH# bi6- Ii}n #=# thnh ?hWn gi n$i I-ng thnh m$t file
nzn. `Im #h.a imsmaniest.xml2 t;t #N #=# file iA- 'hi6n2 ! #=# ti ng-34n ,8# tham 'hNo
t+ trong gi n$i I-ng. ZC[\] 'h-3(n #=o l #=# gi n$i I-ng ,8# to nh, l `Im. ZC[\]
#>ng 'h-3(n #=o th4m l `Im t-5n theo \mC Xs{X.
2.5.3.3 Cc thnh phn ca mt Manifest
mile manifest bi6- Ii}n #=# thng tin #Wn thi(t 6 m tN #=# n$i I-ng #@a gi. C=# thnh ?hWn
#@a n ,8# m tN nh, h<nh I,"i 53n
Hnh v trn m t cc thnh phn ca mt maniest ile
]anifest gDm c thnh ?hWn #hCnh nh, sa-n
Meta-datan I1 liH- m tN tng th6 gi n$i I-ng
Organizationsn m tN #;- tr# n$i I-ng ho%# t #h.# #=# ti ng-34n hO# tG? to n4n
m$t Mn !: .ng $# lG? hog# #=# Mn !: giNng I3.
Resourcesn :nh nghfa #=# ti ng-34n hO# tG? ,8# g$? !o trong gi n$i I-ng.
(sub)Manifestn m tN b;t ' #=# Mn !: giNng I3 ,8# ?h5n #;? nh_ hMn (# th6
qem nh, #=# Mn !: $# lG?)
ac
Biu din cu trc ni dung
YiH# t #h.# n$i I-ng ZC[\] #h.a #=# thnh ?hWn m ,8# IB :nh inh nghfa trong #=#
'hCa #nh 'h=# nha- #@a t #h.# n$i I-ngn
Phn cp ni dung (Content Hierarchy)n 53 l bi6- Ii}n IBa tr4n h<nh Ing 'i6-
#532 ging nh, mJ# lJ#2 bi6- Ii}n t #h.# logi# #@a #=# ti ng-34n hO# tG? ho%# #=#
a#ti!ities sK IJng #=# ti ng-34n hO# tG?. Qrong nhiA- tr,ng h8?2 #53 ?h5n #;? n3
# th6 ,8# I-3Ht thng theo m$t th. tB ,8# :nh tr,"# m ng,i ?h=t tri6n n$i
I-ng IB :nh.
Meta-datan Q- #hOn2 I1 liH- m tN ?hJ th-$# ng1 #Nnh !A a#ti!it3 :nh nghfa trong
#ontent organiation. ]etaRIata nh, !G3 # th6 ,8# sK IJng 6 m tN m$t ti
ng-34n hO# tG? #J th6 ,8# Ing trong m$t t #h.# n$i I-ng #J th6 nh, th( no.
Sequencing, Adaptive Sequencing v Navigationn C=# F-3 :nh t- #hOn # th6
,8# nhng !o trong t #h.# n$i I-ng n(- ng,i ?h=t tri6n n$i I-ng m-n 'i6m
so=t #=# ti ng-34n no ,8# ,a (n #ho hO# !i4n 'hi hO# !i4n I-3Ht n$i I-ng.
ZC[\] CA] .ng tr-ng lG? !A m.# $ ?h.# t? #@a n$i I-ng2 s m.# ?h5n #;? #@a m$t
Mn !: giNng I3 #J th6 (th,ng gOi l taqanom3) ! #=# ?h,Mng ?h=? l-Gn !A giNng I3
,8# sK IJng. TNng I,"i 53 tm tpt !A !i m h<nh ?h5n #;? n$i I-ng ,8# sK IJng trong
#=# lB# l,8ng !> trang #@a F-5n $i ] ! CanaIa m # th6 ,8# bi6- Ii}n trong t #h.#
n$i I-ng ZC[\].
Qun i M Lc Iung hng
khng M
Cc cng ty bin
M
Cc Ic Iung v
trang Canada
Co-rse Co-rse Co-rse Co-rse
]oI-le Tlo#' `hase `erforman#e
[bve#ti!es
Sesson ]oI-le Z-bCo-rse jnabling [bve#ti!e
Searning
[bve#ti!e
Sesson Sesson Qea#hing `oint
Searning Zte? Searning [bve#ti!e Qas'
Searning [bve#ti!e
Searning Zte?
Meta-data
]$t 'hi ti ng-34n hO# tG? ,8# to !"i mJ# C#h sK IJng li2 tt nh;t l # m tN #=# ti
ng-34n hO# tG? !"i metaRIata. ]etaRIata #ho ?hz? ti ng-34n hO# tG? # th6 t<m th;3 'hi n
#h.a trong m$t gi I1 liH- ho%# trong m$t 'ho #h.a. 7 #>ng lm #ho ti ng-34n hO# tG? #
th6 sK IJng li ,8# #ao hMn b)ng #=#h #h0 'i6m tra metaRIata2 'hng ?hNi mU ! 'i6m tra
ti ng-34n b4n trong. C hai loi metaRIata. Soi th. nh;t 'hng ?hJ th-$# ng1 #Nnh
(#onteqtRinIe?enIent)2 bUi !< n F-3(t :nh m tN ti ng-34n hO# tG? m 'hng F-an t5m
(n nMi n s9 t<m th;32 $# lG? !"i b;t ' #hi(n l,8# sK IJng ti ng-34n hO# tG? #J th6. Soi
th. hai l ?hJ th-$# ng1 #Nnh (#onteqtRIe?enIent)2 IBa !o m$t #hi(n l,8# hO# tG? #J th6.
YC IJ2 metaRIata # th6 ,8# g$? !o giNi thC#h ti sao m$t a#ti!it3 #J th6 ,8# #hn !o
m$t !: trC #J th6 trong th. tB giNng I3. ]etaRIata th,ng #h0 #=# metaRIata 'hng tha3 i
m m tN #=# asset s2 #=# i t,8ng n$i I-ng ho%# tG? #=# i t,8ng n$i I-ng. Qrong 'hi
2 metaRIata ?hJ th-$# ng1 #Nnh th,ng Ing 6 #h0 (n metaRIata m #h0 ?h=t h-3 &
nghfa trong m$t ng1 #Nnh #@a m$t t #h.# n$i I-ng #J th6.
`h=t tri6n ! .ng IJng metaRIata #ho #=# ti ng-34n hO# tG? ! tG? h8? #=# ti ng-34n hO#
tG? l m$t 'h=i niHm #un 'h= m"i mr i !"i #$ng Dng eRSearning. k,"ng Ixn .ng IJng
trong thB# t( #h,a ,8# ?h=t tri6n. Qrong m$t !i tr,ng h8?2 mJ# C#h #hCnh #@a metaR
Iata l ?h=t hiHn ! sK IJng li n$i I-ng. Qrong m$t !i tr,ng h8? 'h=#2 metaRIata #-ng
#;? #ho son giN thng tin !A thi(t '( ! IB :nh #@a #=# i t,8ng n$i I-ng ,8# m tN
ho%# item trong t #h.# n$i I-ng. ]$t !i & 'i(n 'h=# th< #ho r)ng metaRIata s9 gi? #ho
hO# !i4n I-3Ht n$i I-ng I} Ing hMn.Ch,a # & 'i(n thng nh;t !A #=#h sK IJng #h-ng #@a
metaRIata2 nh,ng metaRIata #-ng #;? trong #-n s=#h n3 6 Ing #ho #=# tr,ng h8?
'h=# nha- # th6 Ing (n metaRIata.
a{
Xc [nh th t, xc [nh th t thch nghi v duyt (Sequencing, Adaptive
Sequencing and Navigation)
ZeF-en#ing 7a!igation :nh nghfa #=# l-Gt m S]Z ?hNi t-5n theo 6 bi6- Ii}n m$t
learning eq?erien#e q=# :nh nh, IB :nh #@a ng,i ?h=t tri6n n$i I-ng. Searning
eq?erien#e n3 # th6 l tB Io lBa #hOn2 ho%# n # th6 ,8# h,"ng Ixn bUi m$t th. tB
nh;t :nh thng F-a #;- tr# #@a t #h.# n$i I-ng. Searning eq?erien#e # th6 thC#h nghi2
!"i #=# hnh !i 'h=# nha- IBa !o '(t F-N hO# tG? #@a hO# !i4n ho%# #=# bi(n 'h=# # th6
,8# theo Iwi bUi S]Z. ZC[\] :nh nghfa m$t tG? #=# l-Gt m%# :nh m F-Nn l& q=# :nh
th. tB ! I-3Ht #ho m$t t #h.# n$i I-ng #J th6. Q-3 nhi4n2 l-Gt m%# :nh l tB Io lBa #hon
#=# n$i I-ng hO# tG?2 'hng # r)ng b-$#. 7hiA- nh ?h=t tri6n n$i I-ng ! thi(t '( giNng
I3 thC#h sK IJng #=# #hi(n lBo# giNng I3 ! hO# tG? #J th6. Qrong #=# tr,ng h8? nh,
!G32 ng,i ?h=t tri6n n$i I-ng # th6 :nh nghfa #=# l-Gt #J th6 F-3 :nh tr,"# m$t S]Z s9
F-Nn l& learning eq?erien#e ra sao.
Ti nguyn (Resources)
Qhnh ?hWn ti ng-34n #@a m$t manifest # th6 m tN nh, #=# ti ng-34n ngoi2 #>ng nh,
#=# file #h.a n$i I-ng trong gi. C=# file n3 # th6 l #=# file meIia2 #=# file teqt2 #=# i
t,8ng =nh gi= ho%# #=# ?hWn I1 liH- 'h=# I,"i Ing iHn tK nh, #h0 ra U h<nh I-"i.
2.5.3.4 Xy dng gi
`hWn n3 m tN #=# 34- #W- 6 q53 IBng #=# gi n$i I-ng ZC[\] (ZC[\] Content
`a#'age). `hWn n3 m tN ]S binIing for I]Z Content Z?e#ifi#ation =? IJng #ho ZC[\].
C m$t !i l-Gt ri4ng biHt ,8# to ra trong ]S TinIing n
]S binIing s9 t-5n theo %# tN ]S X.b #@a odC !
]S binIing ?hNi I-3 tr< #;- tr# :nh nghfa #@a I]Z Content `a#'aging Information
]oIel.
Manifest FiIe
`hWn n3 :nh nghfa #=# 34- #W- #ho !iH# q53 IBng m$t file imsmaniest.xml. ]anifest n3
,8# #;- tr# 6 t #h.# n$i I-ng #@a gi. 7(- ?a#'age ,8# IB :nh 6 ?h5n ?hi #ho
m$t hO# !i4n th< manifest ?hNi #h.a thng tin !A n$i I-ng ,8# #;- tr# nh, th( no. `hWn
n3 m tN 34- #W- #ho mEi thnh ?hWn :nh nghfa bUi I]Z Content `a#'aging Z?e#ifi#ation.
Thnh phn <manifest>
Qhnh ?hWn manifest bi6- Ii}n m$t Mn !: # th6 sK IJng ,8# #@a giNng I3 bao gDm
#=# thng tin !A metaIata2 #=# t #h.#2 ! #=# tham #hi(- (n #=# ti ng-34n. Qhnh ?hWn
n3 l thnh ?hWn g# #@a file imsmanifest.qml. C=# thnh ?hWn imsmanifest 'h=# ,8#
Ing 6 tham #hi(- #=# (s-b)manifest 'h=# trong gi.
2.5.3.5 Cc profiIe ng dng khi ng gi ni dung
`hWn n3 m tN I]Z Content `a#'aging Z?e#ifi#ation ,8# =? IJng trong ng1 #Nnh #@a
ZC[\]. C=# ?rofile .ng IJng #-ng #;? #=# h,"ng Ixn thB# t( #ho nh1ng ng,i thB# thi
! :nh nghfa th4m #=# 34- #W- 'h=# #@a ZC[\] 6 # th6 '(t h8? !"i #=# %# tN 'h=# !
Nm bNo tCnh 'hN #h-36n. ZC[\] gi"i thiH- Content Aggregation ]oIel q=# inh m$t nAn
a~
tng F-=t #ho i t,8ng IB tr4n n$i I-ng hO# tG?. kiHn ti # a Content `a#'age A??li#ation
`rofiles n
\eso-r#e `a#'ages
Content Aggregation `a#'ages
Resource Packages :
ng gi ti ng-34n hO# tG? #-ng #;? m$t ?h,Mng tiHn #h-ng #ho !iH# trao i. TUi !< 'hng
# t #h.# ,8# :nh nghfa trong \eso-r#e `a#'age2 'hng # #;- tr# n$i I-ng logi# ,8#
:nh nghfa. TUi !< 'hng # #;- tr# no ,8# :nh nghfa2 loi gi n3 'hng th6 ?h5n ?hi
,8# bUi S]Z t"i hO# !i4n. ZC[\] \eso-r#e `a#'age A??li#ation `rofiles #ho ?hz? ng
gi #=# asset ! ZC[ bao gDm nhiA- file 'h=# nha-. C=# file n3 # th6 ,8# tham #hi(- U
trong gi ho%# # th6 U ngoi gi. 7(- U ngoi gi th< ?hNi bi6- Ii}n tham #hi(- thng F-a
m$t \S. V,"i 53 l m$t s h<nh !9 giNi thC#h !A reso-r#e ?a#'ages.
Content Aggregation Packagen
ZC[\] 'hng %t b;t ' m$t 34- #W- no !o #;- tr# #@a #=# t #h.# n$i I-ng. AVS IBa
tr4n #=# %# tN %t ra bUi I]Z Content `a#'aging Z?e#ifi#ation ! #>ng b s-ng th4m m$t
#ht 6 Nm bNo tCnh t,Mng thC#h !"i #=# %# tN 'h=#2 #>ng nh, tCnh 'hN #h-36n trong nhiA-
mi tr,ng 'h=# nha-. Content Aggregation A??li#ation `rofile ,8# sK IJng 6 ng gi
#=# ti ng-34n hO# tG? ! #;- tr# n$i I-ng. ]J# C#h #-i #ng l gi ,8# to ra # th6
hot $ng tt ,8# trong nhiA- mi tr,ng 'h=# nha-.
Cc yu cu i vi SCORM Content Package AppIication ProfiIes :
C=# 34- #W- #J th6 i !"i t+ng Content `a#'age A??li#ation `rofiles ,8# tr<nh b3 trong
#-n s=#h ZC[\] CA]. Vo 'h-n 'h D =n 'hng th6 tr<nh b3 U 53.
2.5.3.6 Cc hung dn khi trin khai
Za- 53 l m$t s h,"ng Ixn 'hi tri6n 'hia thB# hiHn. 7h1ng h,"ng Ixn n3 'hng #oi #=#
34- #W- 6 ui h_i t-5n theo ZC[\].
ng gi nhiu cua
Z9 # nhiA- tr,ng h8? m ng,i ?h=t tri6n n$i I-ng m-n ng gi nhiA- #-a 6 ?h5n
?hi trong m$t hH thng. YiH# ng gi n3 # th6 ,8# thB# hiHn b)ng #=#h g$? mEi #-a
!o m$t manifest ri4ng r9. 7(- ng,i ?h=t tri6n n$i I-ng m-n Ii #h-36n nhiA- #-a hO#
trong m$t gi (#h,Mng tr<nh o to)2 ng,i ?h=t tri6n n$i I-ng s9 sK IJng manifest m.#
W- ti4n 6 #h.a mEi manifest #;? #-a hO# ! #=# manifest #@a i t,8ng giNng I3 m m$t
#-a hO# # th6 #.
Nhiu t chc trong mt cua hc on I
ii n$i I-ng #ho ?hz? #=# bi6- Ii}n #@a nhiA- t #h.# (organiations) #ho #=# n$i I-ng #@a
n. C=# n$i I-ng ging nha- # th6 Ing trong #=# t #h.# n$i I-ng 'h=# nha- ?h h8? #ho
#=# i t,8ng 'h=# nha-. YC IJ2 t #h.# th. nh;t bpt m$t hO# !i4n m"i hO# ?hNi hO# t;t #N
#=# n$i I-ng theo h,"ng t-3(n tCnh 'hng ,8# b_ F-a b;t ' Mn !: giNng I3 no trong
'hi m$t hO# !i4n L thnh tho # th6 t3 #hOn sK IJng n$i I-ng m hO# !i4n thC#h.
ng gi ni dung hc tp s dng Iai
y-3 m #@a m$t manifest mAm Iro. ]$t manifest # th6 m tN m$t ?hWn #@a t #h.# n$i
I-ng m # th6 tDn ti b4n ngoi ng1 #Nnh #@a m$t #-a hO# (m$t i t,8ng giNng I3)2 m$t
t #h.# n$i I-ng. y-3(t :nh n3 ,a #ho ng,i ?h=t tri6n n$i I-ng 6 hO # th6 m tN n$i
I-ng #@a hO theo #=#h m hO m-n n$i I-ng # th6 tng h8? ! # th6 ?h5n rL.
S dng thnh phn <dependency>
]$t !i #=# ti ng-34n hO# tG?2 :nh nghfa trong gi n$i I-ng2 # th6 #h.a #ng m$t tG? #=#
file. C=# file n3 ,8# bi6- Ii}n nh, #=# thnh ?hWn <ile> trong manifest. Qhnh ?hWn
<dependency> # th6 Ing 6 nhm #=# file n3 li. ZK IJng thnh ?hWn n3 s9 giNm b"t
sB trng l%? #@a thnh ?hWn file #ho m$t tG? #=# file trong mEi ti ng-34n. Qrong ng1 #Nnh
n32 thnh ?hWn reso-r#e # th6 ,8# sK IJng 6 nhm #=# files. ]$t 'hi thnh ?hWn n3
,8# thi(t lG?2 #=# ti ng-34n 'h=# ?hJ th-$# tG? #=# file 2 # th6 tham #hi(- ti ng-34n
b)ng #=#h sK IJng thnh ?hWn <dependency>.
at
7h, tr4n h<nh !9 hai ti ng-34n ,8# :nh nghfa A- #hia sr #ng m$t tG? #=# file ln
imageX.v?g
imagea.v?g
imaged.v?g
a?iora??er.vs
7h, !G32 #hng ta L nh<n th53 sB trng l%? #=# file. T53 gi #hng ta s9 Ing thnh ?hWn
Ie?enIen#3 6 giNm b"t sB trng l%? n3.
2.5.4 SCORM Meta-data
2.5.4.1 Tng quan SCORM Meta-data
Cho (n l# n32 #hng ta L m tN #=# 'hi #M bNn #ho !iH# ?h=t tri6n n$i I-ng. ]$t 'hi #=#
thnh ?hWn n$i I-ng L ,8# q53 IBng2 r;t # C#h n(- #hng ta m tN #=# thnh ?hWn n3
theo m$t #=#h nh;t F-=n. ] tN #=# thnh ?hWn n3 !"i metaRIata #ho ?hz? t<m 'i(m !
?h=t hiHn #=# thnh ?hWn trong #=# hH thng. ]$t S]Z # th6 Ing metaRIata 6 ,a #ho
hO# !i4n thng tin !A t #h.# n$i I-ng (#-a2 bi2 moI-le). ]etaRIata # th6 Ing ti thi
i6m thB# thi 6 gi? trong !iH# ,a ra F-3(t :nh l thnh ?hWn m h<nh n$i I-ng g< s9
?h5n ?hi #ho hO# !i4n.
2.5.4.2 Tao SCORM Meta-data
`hWn I,"i 53 ?h=# thNo #=# thnh ?hWn metaRIata S[] (Searning [bve#t ]etaRIata) ]S.
Qheo Ijjj2 mOi thnh ?hWn metaRIata S[] l t3 #hOn. iA- n3 # nghfa l 'hi q53 IBng
a
m$t ]S metaRIata instan#e2 ng,i ?h=t tri6n n$i I-ng # th6 #hOn t3 & thnh ?hWn no 6
sK IJng trong n$i I-ng #@a m<nh. 6 =? .ng #=# 34- #W- #ao #;? #@a AVS2 ZC[\] %t ra
th4m m$t s 34- #W- n1a !A #=# thnh ?hWn no l bpt b-$# trong ZC[\]R#onformant
]etaRIata ]S Instan#es. C=# 34- #W- b s-ng n3 nh)m tgng #,ng tCnh 'hN ngng m tN
#=# i t,8ng n$i I-ng n3 metaRIata ! 'hN ngng t<m 'i(m #=# i t,8ng hO# tG? trong m$t
'ho I1 liH- Io #hng # th6 sK IJng li trong #=# ng1 #Nnh 'h=#. S[] Information ]oIel
,8# #hia ra lm s loi. C=# loi n3 IBa tr4n #=# :nh nghfa trong S[] Information ]oIel.
s loi thnh ?hWn metaRIata l n
X. Soi eneral # th6 ,8# sK IJng 6 m tN #=# thng tin #h-ng !A ZC[\] Content
]oIel Com?onent.
a. Soi Lie Cycle # th6 Ing 6 m tN #=# %# i6m li4n F-an (n l:#h sK ! trng th=i
hiHn ti #@a ZC[\] Content ]oIel Com?onent ! nh1ng %# i6m 'h=# Nnh h,Ung
(n thnh ?hWn trong F-= tr<nh ?h=t tri6n.
d. Soi Meta-data # th6 ,8# sK IJng 6 m tN thng tin !A bNn th5n metaRIata
('hng ?hNi l ZC[\] Content ]oIel Com?onent).
c. Soi Technical # th6 ,8# Ing 6 m tN #=# 34- #W- !A m%t 'f th-Gt ! #=# %#
tr,ng #@a ZC[\] Content ]oIel Com?onents.
{. Soi Educational # th6 ,8# sK IJng 6 m tN #=# %# tr,ng !A s, ?hm ! gi=o
IJ# #@a ZC[\] Content ]oIel Com?onent.
~. Soi Rights # th6 ,8# sK IJng 6 m tN #=# l-Gt !A sU h1- trC t-H ! #=# iA- 'iHn
sK IJng ZC[\] Content ]oIel Com?onent.
t. Soi Relation # th6 ,8# sK IJng 6 m tN #=# %# i6m :nh nghfa #=# mi F-an
hH gi1a ZC[\] Content ]oIel Com?onent ! #=# thnh ?hWn h,"ng t"i 'h=#.
. Soi Annotation # th6 ,8# sK IJng 6 #-ng #;? #=# li giNi thC#h !A #=#h sK IJng
#ho mJ# C#h gi=o IJ# #@a ZC[\] Content ]oIel Com?onent ! thng tin !A 'hi
no ! ai to ra #=# li giNi thC#h n3.
s. Soi Classication # th6 ,8# sK IJng 6 m tN ZC[\] Content ]oIel Com?onent
th-$# !o m$t hH thng ?h5n loi #J th6.
V,"i 532 #hng ta gi"i thiH- m$t s thnh ?hWn mx- #@a ]etaRIata. 6 #hi ti(t hMn qin qem
trong #-n s=#h ZC[\] CA].
2.5.4.3 Cc cch tip cn khi kim tra tnh ng n ca XML Shema
LOM
S[] ]S TinIing 'hng # g< hMn l m$t tG? #=# l-Gt m tN to #=# metaRIata instan#es
nh, th( no thng F-a ]S. C=# file ]S Z#hema Vefinition (ZV) ,8# sK IJng 6 m tN
! nh;n mnh #=# l-Gt . i 'hi #=# l-Gt 'hng th6 bi6- Ii}n trong ]S Z#hema
Vefinition. Qrong #=# tr,ng h8? #=# l-Gt ,8# m tN bUi #=# teqt #h-^n t<m th;3 trong
#h-^n Ijjj. V,"i 53 gi"i thiH- m$t s #=#h ti(? #Gn 'h=# nha- trong !iH# 'i6m tra tCnh
ng pn #@a S[] ]etaRIata Instan#esn
Cch tip cn kim tra tnh ng n ca Schema cht ch
]J# C#h #hCnh #@a #=#h ti(? #Gn n3 l nh;n mnh tCnh #h%t #h9 #@a #=# 34- #W- :nh
nghfa trong S[]. C=#h ti(? #Gn n3 ! #=# file ZV # #=# %# th sa-n
kE tr8 #=# r)ng b-$# I-3 nh;t. C=# thnh ?hWn inh nghfa trong S[] # 34- #W- !A
s lWn q-;t hiHn b ho%# X2 'i6m tra tCnh ng pn ?hNi Nm bNo ,8# iA- n3.
Ch0 #=# t+ ,8# F-3 :nh tr,"# bUi S[]. C=#h ti(? #Gn n3 #h0 #ho ?hz? S[] metaR
Iata instan#es sK IJng #=# t+ ,8# :nh nghfa tr,"# trong S[].
lhng # mU r$ng. lhng hE tr8 mU r$ng trong S[].
ZK IJng #=#h ti(? #Gn n3 s9 Nm bNo tCnh 'hN #h-36n #ao gi1a #=# gi n$i I-ng2 S]Z.
Cch tip cn kim tra tnh ng n ca Schema ty bin
]J# C#h #hCnh #@a #=#h ti(? #Gn n3 l hE tr8 'hN ngng t3 bi(n #=# th6 hiHn #@a S[]
metaRIata 6 hE tr8 mU r$ng #N !n t+ ! #=# thnh ?hWn I1 liH-. C=#h ti(? #Gn n3 ! #=#
file ZV i 'm !"i n # #=# %# tr,ng sa-n
kE tr8 #=# r)ng b-$# !A tCnh I-3 nh;t. C=# thnh ?hWn :nh nghfa trong S[] # 34-
#W- !A s lWn q-;t hiHn b ho%# X2 #=#h ti(? #Gn n3 ui h_i ?hNi t-5n theo.
as
C=# t+ # th6 b s-ng !o 'ho t+ # tr,"#. C=#h ti(? #Gn n3 #ho ?hz? sK IJng #=#
t+ F-3 :nh tr,"# bUi S[] ho%# #=# t+ Io t #h.# tB %t ra. C=# t+ mU r$ng n3
,8# F-3 :nh trong #=# file ZV.
kE tr8 sB mU r$ng S[]. C=#h n3 #-ng #;? 'hN ngng mU r$ng m h<nh I1 liH- :nh
nghfa bUi S[]
Y"i #=#h ti(? #Gn n3 th< 'hN ngng hot $ng tt trong nhiA- mi tr,ng 'h=# nha- b: giNm
st. 6 # tCnh .ng IJng #ao2 AVS 'h-3(n #=o #=# #$ng Dng nhm hO? 6 ,a ra sB thng
nh;t #h-ng !A !iH# q53 IBng !n t+ 'hN #h-36n2 # th6 Ing ,8# r$ng rLi trong #$ng Dng.
Cch tip cn kim tra tnh ng n ca Schema Ing
]J# C#h #@a #=#h ti(? #Gn n3 l thN l_ng hMn #=# r)ng b-$# :nh nghfa bUi #=# #=#h ti(?
#Gn 'h=#. 7h" r)ng #=#h ti(? #Gn n3 'hng 'i6m tra tCnh I-3 nh;t #@a r)ng b-$# ! s9 #ho
?hz? #=# th6 hiHn #@a S[] ]etaRIata 'hng t,Mng thC#h ,8# tDn ti. C=#h ti(? #Gn n3 !
#=# file ]S i 'm n # #=# %# tr,ng sa-n
lhng hE tr8 r)ng b-$# tCnh I-3 nh;t.
lhng 'i6m tra tCnh ng pn #@a #=# t+ ,8# :nh nghfa tr,"# bUi S[].
kE tr8 mU r$ng S[].
2.5.4.4 M rng Meta-data
Qrong m$t !i t<nh h-ng2 #=# t #h.# th;3 tG? #=# thnh ?hWn #M bNn metaRIata :nh nghfa
bUi S[] 'hng @ 6 m tN ZC[\] Content ]oIel \eF-irements. Q #h.# # th6 %t ra
m$t tG? #=# mU r$ng metaRIata ri4ng 6 m tN #=# thnh ?hWn trong gi n$i I-ng. C hai
loi mU r$ng #ho ?hz? trong S[]n
]U r$ng thnh ?hWn ]S. CM #h( W- ti4n n3 #ho ?hz? mU r$ng #=# thnh ?hWn
m h<nh I1 liH- S[]. 7 #ho ?hz? ,a th4m #=# thnh ?hWn !o metaRIata
instan#es. YC IJ2 m$t t #h.# m-n # th4m thng tin b s-ng !A #=# l-Gt sU h1- trC
t-H2 th< t #h.# ,a th4m #=# thnh ?hWn mong m-n !o \ights Categor3.
C=# mU r$ng !A !n t+ trong S[]. ]$t !i thnh ?hWn Ijjj # m$t Ianh s=#h #=#
t+ t,Mng .ng2 ZC[\] 'h-3(n #=o sK IJng #=# t+ n3. Q-3 nhi4n2 53 #h0 l m$t
'h-3(n #=o ! #=# th6 hiHn metaRIata 'hng ,8# 34- #W- l ?hNi sK IJng #=# t+
n3. 7(- t #h.# m-n Ing m$t tG? #=# t+ 'h=#2 t #h.# # !i lBa #hOn. 7(- t
#h.# m-n #=# t+ mU r$ng ,8# 'i6m tra2 AVS 'h-3(n #=o Ing #=#h ti(? #Gn 'i6m
tra tCnh ng pn #@a s#hema t3 bi(n.
Za- 53 l m$t !i l,- & 'hi thB# hiHn mU r$ngn
lhi to #=# thnh ?hWn mU r$ng2 'hng ,8# ?hz? :nh nghfa #=# thnh ?hWn #h.a
#ng m$t # ?h=? nh, #=# thnh ?hWn :nh nghfa trong Ijjj S[].
]etaRIata #h0 IBa tr4n #=# gi= tr: 'h-3(n #=o s9 # tCnh 'hN #h-36n #ao nh;t. 6
Nm bNo tCnh 'hN #h-36n #ao2 AVS 'h-3(n #=o n(- mU r$ng #Wn thi(t 6 =? .ng
34- #W- #@a m$t #$ng Dng2 th< #$ng Dng n4n nhm hO? 6 q=# :nh ra m$t tG?
#=# mU r$ng #ho #$ng Dng #@a m<nh.
6 # thng tin #hi ti(t hMn qin qem ti(? trong #-n s=#h SCORM CAM 4.4 Meta-data
Extensions.
2.5.4.5 Cc profiIe ng dng ca SCORM Meta-data
ZC[\] ]etaRIata A??li#ation `rofiles m tN s, tC#h h8? #@a Ijjj S[] trong mi tr,ng
ZC[\]. C=# ?rofiles n3 bpt b-$# sK IJng #=# thnh ?hWn metaRIata 'hi S[] ]etaRIata
,8# =? IJng #ho ZC[\] Content ]oIel Com?onents. Qrong ?hm !i ZC[\]2 metaRIata
# th6 ,8# sK IJng 6 m tN #=# thnh ?hWn #=# ZC[\] Content ]oIel Com?onents
'h=# nha-. C=# ?rofiles .ng IJng ,8# :nh nghfa trong ?hWn n3 ?h=# hOa #=# 34- #W-
#ho !iH# q53 IBng #=# th6 hiHn metaRIata #@a #=# loi sa-n
Content Aggregation ]etaRIata
Content [rganiation ]etaRIata
A#ti!it3 ]etaRIata
ZC[ ]etaRIata
db
Asset ]etaRIata
Qrong ZC[\]2 ]etaRIata A??li#ation `rofiles m tN !iH# sK IJng ! to #=# th6 hiHn #@a
metaRIata nh, th( no. ZC[\] %t ra #=# r)ng b-$# b s-ng !o .ng IJng #@a #h-^n.
C=# 34- #W- ,8# m tN nh, sa-n
C=# thnh ?hWn bpt b-$#. ZC[\] m tN tG? #=# thnh ?hWn bpt b-$# trong #=#
?rofile .ng IJng 'h=# nha-. S[] #h0 ra t;t #N #=# thnh ?hWn l t3 #hOn. Q-3 nhi4n2
n(- 'hng # 34- #W- !A #=# thnh ?hWn no ,8# sK IJng l# to metaRIata2 th<
'hN ngng t<m ! ?h=t hiHn trong #=# 'ho #h.a ! #=# hH thng 'h=# # th6 'hng
thB# hiHn ,8#. C=# 34- #W- bpt b-$# #@a ZC[\] nh)m giNi F-3(t !;n A t<m 'i(m
! ?h=t hiHn.
ZK IJng !n t+ q=# :nh tr,"#
C=# li 'h-34n 'hi tri6n 'hai
6 qem #hi ti(t hMn !A 34- #W- #J th6 #@a t+ng ?rofile .ng IJng metaRIata hL3 qem ti(?
trong ?hWn 4..2. SCORM Meta-data AppIication ProfiIe Requirements.
2.5.5 SCORM Sequencing & Navigation trong gi ni dung
2.5.5.1 Vic xc [nh th t cc ni dung hc tp v trnh by
`hWn n3 m tN mL ho= #=# #hi(n l,8# q=# :nh th. tB b)ng ]S nh, th( no. ]l n3 #
th6 %t trong file I]Z ]anifest 6 q=# :nh #=# l-Gt q=# :nh th. tB #ho #=# a#ti!ities. C hai
#=#h #hCnh 6 q=# :nh #=# l-Gt q=# :nh th. tBn
Qhnh ?hWn <sequencing>. Qhnh ?hWn <sequencing> #h.a t;t #N #=# l-Gt q=# :nh
th. tB 'h=# ! #=# #hi(n l,8# #ho m$t at#i!it3 #ho tr,"#.
Qhnh ?hWn <sequencingCollection>. Qhnh ?hWn <sequencingCollection> Ing 6
tG? h8? #=# l-Gt q=# :nh th. tB ! #=# #hi(n l,8# Ing 6 # th6 sK IJng li bUi
m$t !i a#ti!ities.
Za- n3 #hng ta s9 th;3 #=# a#t!ities ,8# bi6- Ii}n bUi #=# thnh ?hWn nh, <item> ho%#
<organiation>. Qhnh ?hWn <sequencing> # th6 ,8# %t nh, l m$t #on #@a m <item>
('h=# !"i #=# thnh ?hWn leaf <item>) ho%# thnh ?hWn <organiation>. Qhnh ?hWn
<sequencingCollection> # th6 ,8# tham 'hNo b)ng #=#h t,Mng tB. Chi ti(t !A #=# thnh
?hWn n3 qin qem trong #-n s=#h ZC[\] CA] ?hWn ZeF-en#ing 7a!igation.
2.5.5.2 Thng tin duyt v biu din
ZC[\] :nh nghfa #=# #h0 Ixn bi6- Ii}nI-3Ht trng !"i I]Z Zim?le ZeF-en#ing
Z?e#ifi#ation. AVS # & :nh ti(? tJ# th- thG? #=# nghi4n #.- ! 34- #W- t+ #$ng Dng AVS
!A bi6- Ii}n ! I-3Ht. ]S TinIing #@a thng tin bi6- Ii}n ! I-3Ht ,8# qK l& thng F-a
sB mU r$ng #@a Content `a#'aging ]anifest ]S Z#hema. ]$t thnh ?hWn m"i ,8# gOi l
<adlnav:presentation> ,8# ,a ra. Qhnh ?hWn <adlnav:presentation> #h.a thnh ?hWn
#on gOi l <navigationInterace>. Qhnh ?hWn n3 li #h.a m$t thnh ?hWn #on 'h=# l
<adlnav:hideLMSUI>.
2.5.5.3 Quan h vi ng gi ni dung
Chng ta L ni U tr4n l I]Z Content `a#'aging Z?e#ifi#ation #-ng #;? m$t 'i(n tr# #ho
?hz? F-an hH m$t learning a#ti!it3 !"i m$t ti ng-34n n$i I-ng thnh ?hWn <imscp:item>
! F-an hH #@a n !"i thnh ?hWn <imscp:resource>. kMn n1a2 #=# thnh ?hWn
ims#?nitem # th6 ,8# g$? !o thnh m$t tG? h8? # thnh ?hWn m l
ims#?norganiation. Vo 2 I]Z ZZ =nh q 'h=i niHm m$t learning a#ti!it3 !"i thnh ?hWn
ims#?nitem2 m$t tG? #=# thnh ?hWn ims#?nitem !"i thnh ?hWn ims#?norganiation
nh, l :nh nghfa trong Content `a#'aging Z?e#ifi#ation. Content `a#'aging ]S TinIing
,8# mU r$ng bUi %# tN n3 6 :nh nghfa thng tin q=# :nh th. tB ,8# gpn liAn !"i n$i
IJng ,8# ng gi nh, th( no.
dX
Nh trn hnh v d chi ra, thnh phn Gi+scpHor&aniEationI v mi thnh phn Gi+scpHite+I c
th c cc hnh vi xc djnh th tu doc djnh ngha gn lin vi thng tin xc djnh th tu.
Q;t #N #=# gi Content Aggregation t-5n theo ZC[\] m%# :nh # #h.a #=# thng tin q=#
:nh th. tB. 7(- ZC[\] Content `a#'age 'hng #h.a b;t ' l-Gt q=# :nh th. tB no2
hnh !i m%# :nh ,8# #h0 Ixn l #ho ?hz? hO# !i4n tB Io #hOn b;t ' a#ti!it3 no m 'hng
# h,"ng Ixn ho%# hn #h( no.
2.6 Mi trung thc thi (Run-Time Environment)
2.6.1 Tng quan
C-n s=#h m tN #=# 34- #W- i !"i Searning ]anagement Z3stem (S]Z) trong !iH# F-Nn
l& mi tr,ng thB# thi (F-= tr<nh ?h5n ?hi n$i I-ng2 trao i thng tin #h-^n ha gi1a n$i
I-ng ! S]Z2 #=# thnh ?hWn m h<nh I1 liH- #h-^n Ing trong 6 #h.a #=# thng tin m-n
trao i).
Trn hnh v l cc t kha ca SCORM dng trong cun sch v cc dc t m SCORM
mon d cu thnh cun sch.
C-n s=#h s9 bao gDm #=# ?hWn sa-
Run-Time Environment Managementn Q<m 'i(m ! ?h5n ?hi #=# i t,8ng n$i
I-ng ZC[ ! asset2 F-Nn l& trao i thng tin !"i ZC[2 F-Nn l& m h<nh I1 liH- mi
tr,ng thB# thi.
da
AppIication Programming Interface(API)n #=# 34- #W- !A S]Z A`I2 #=# 34- #W-
trao i thng tin ZC[\]2 #=# iA- 'iHn s9 ?h=t sinh lEi trong trao i thng tin).
RTE Environment Data ModeI: y-Nn l& m h<nh I1 liH- ! #=# 34- #W- hnh !i2 34-
#W- !A 'i6- I1 liH-.
Qrong ?hWn t"i2 #hng ta s9 tr<nh b3 #=# !;n A sa-n
`hWn X ! ?hWn a s9 bao gDm #=# 'h=i niHm #M bNn Ing trong \Qj.
`hWn d (Application Programming Interace) l ?hWn W- ti4n #-ng #;? #=# #hi ti(t 'f
th-Gt !A !A \Qj. `hWn n3 #-ng #;? #=# ?h,Mng th.# ZC[\] A`I ho%# #=# thng
b=o lEi ,a #ho ng,i ?h=t tri6n n$i I-ng2 ! ngoi ra #>ng #-ng #;? #=# !C IJ mx-.
`hWn c (SCORM RTE Data Model) m tN #=# thnh ?hWn #@a m h<nh I1 liH-
ZC[\] #hi ti(t2 #h0 ra #=# 34- #W- i !"i S]Z ! ZC[ i !"i m$t thnh ?hWn #ho
tr,"#.
im qua mt cht v RTE
C-n s=#h n3 :nh nghfa ZC[\] \Qj ]oIel m #hi ti(t l t<m ! ?h5n ?hi #=# i t,8ng
n$i I-ng2 thi(t lG? trao i thng tin gi1a S]Z ! ZC[2 ! F-Nn l& thng tin theo Iwi # th6
trao i gi1a S]Z ! ZC[. Qrong ng1 #Nnh #@a ZC[\]2 #=# i t,8ng n$i I-ng s9 l m$t
trong hai tr,ng h8? sa-n
Zharable Content [bve#ts (ZC[s)2 m trao i thng tin trong l# #h32 ho%#
Assets2 'hng trao i thng tin l# #h3
C-n s=#h m tN #M #h( #h-ng 6 t<m 'i(m ! hi6n th: i t,8ng n$i I-ng2 m$t #M #h( trao
i thng tin #h-ng gi1a i t,8ng n$i I-ng ! S]Z2 ! m$t m h<nh I1 liH- #h-ng 6 theo
Iwi t,Mng t=# #@a hO# !i4n !"i #=# i t,8ng n$i I-ng. `hNi %t ra nh1ng th. #h-ng nh, !G3
nh)m giNi F-3(t #=# 34- #W- #ao !A eRSearning #@a AVS. kL3 qem h<nh !9 tm tpt !A #=#
!;n A #hCnh trong \Qjn
y-= tr<nh Launch q=# :nh m$t #=#h #h-ng 6 S]Z bpt W- #=# i t,8ng n$i I-ng IBa
tr4n oeb. Q+ i t,8ng n$i I-ng ,8# Ing theo nghfa r$ng 6 m tN m$t ?hWn thng tin #
th6 ,a (n #ho m$t hO# !i4n. Qrong ZC[\] # hai loi i t,8ng l ZC[ ! Asset. y-=
tr<nh la-n#h q=# :nh #=# th@ tJ# ! tr=#h nhiHm trong !iH# thi(t lG? giao ti(? trao i thng
tin gi1a i t,8ng n$i I-ng L ,8# 'hUi to ! S]Z. y-= tr<nh li4n l# ,8# #h-^n ha
thng F-a A`I.
dd
API l #M #h( trao i thng tin #h-ng 6 thng b=o S]Z #=# trng th=i trao i thng tin
gi1a m$t #ontent obve#t ! S]Z (nh, 'hUi to2 '(t th#2 ! #=# iA- 'iHn ?h=t sinh lEi)2 !
,8# sK IJng 6 l;3 ! l,- tr1 I1 liH- (i6m2 #=# hn #h( thi gian|) gi1a ZC[ ! S]Z.
Data ModeI l m$t tG? #h-^n #=# thnh ?hWn m h<nh I1 liH- 6 :nh nghfa thng tin ,8#
theo Iwi bUi m$t ZC[2 nh, l trng th=i hon thnh #@a ZC[ ho%# i6m #@a m$t bi 'i6m
tra. Qheo nghfa Mn giNn nh;t n l m$t tG? #=# thnh ?hWn m h<nh I1 liH- m #N S]Z !
ZC[ A- bi(t. S]Z ?hNi #h:- tr=#h nhiHm I-3 tr< trng th=i #@a #=# thnh ?hWn m h<nh I1
liH- #@a ZC[ thng F-a #=# ?hi4n hO# tG? #@a hO# !i4n2 ! ZC[ ?hNi sK IJng #=# thnh
?hWn m h<nh I1 liH- ,8# sK IJng li trong nhiA- hH thng 'h=# nha-.
2.6.2 Qun I mi trung thc thi
lhi t,Mng t=# !"i #=# i t,8ng n$i I-ng (learning eq?erien#e)2 S]Z s9 =nh gi= '(t F-N
hO# tG? #@a hO# !i4n ! #=# 34- #W- I-3Ht. lhi m$t S]Z q=# :nh m$t a#ti!it3 6 ?h5n ?hi
#ho hO# !i4n2 a#ti!it3 s9 # i t,8ng n$i I-ng gpn liAn !"i n. S]Z s9 hi6n th: n$i I-ng #@a
#ontent obve#t ! ,a n t"i #ho hO# !i4n.
Mt s [nh ngha quan trng
Learner Attemptn ]$t nE lB# #@a hO# !i4n nh)m th_a mLn #=# 34- #W- #@a m$t learning
a#ti!it3 sK IJng #ontent obve#t. ]$t attem?t # th6 trNi r$ng trong nhiA- session ! # th6 b:
tr< hoLn gi1a #=# session #@a hO# !i4n.
Learner Sessionn ]$t 'hoNng 'hng b: gi=n on trong l# hO# !i4n tr-3 #G? #ontent obve#t
Communication Sessionn ]$t '(t ni tC#h #B# gi1a #ontent obve#t ! A`I.
Login Sessionn ]$t 'hoNng thi gian bpt W- t+ l# hO# !i4n bpt W- m$t session (loggeI
on) #ho (n l# hO# !i4n #h;m I.t session (loggeI o-t).
Trn hnh v m t cho ta cc khi nim trn quan h vi nhau ra sao. Login Session l c
phm vi ln nht. Trong mt Login Session c nhiu attempt, v trong mt attempt c th c
nhiu learner session. Trong mi learner session s c Communication Session.
m bo tnh thng nht ca Run-Time Data qua cc Attempts v Activities
Qrong m$t s tr,ng h8? #Wn thi(t 6 m$t learning a#ti!it3 # m$t ! #h0 m$t r-nRtime Iata2
trNi ra trong 'hp? #=# attem?t #@a m$t hO# !i4n tr4n ZC[ gpn liAn !"i a#ti!it3. 4- #W- n3
s9 %t ra b)ng #=#h 'hai b=o trong ti ng-34n ZC[ sB #Wn thi(t ?hNi I-3 tr< trng th=i #@a n
(r-nRtime Iata) gi1a #=# attem?t. Chng ta thng F-a hai !C IJ 6 lm rw !;n A n3.
dc
Trn hnh v hai activity l A12, A1 tham chiu cng dn mt ti nguyn SCO. Bi v ti nguyn d
djnh ngha l Persist State l True, LMS phi chju trch nhim duy tr run-time data model gia cc
attempt trn.
Hai activities A12, A1 tham chiu dn cng ti nguyn SCO. Tuy nhin ti nguyn SCO c Persist
State l alse, th LMS s phi to mt run-time data mi hon ton cho cc learner attempt trn SCO
trong mi activity. du, nu trong mt attempt trn Activity A12, runt-time data s doc dt bi SCO,
th d liu d s khng doc duy tr trong cc attempt v cc activities. iu ny c ngha l trong mt
attempt ca hoc vin trn SCO tc dng ln activity A1, d liu dt bi activity A12 khng doc dng
na.
2.6.3 Giao din Ip trnh ng dng (API)
`hWn n3 m tN A`I #@a n$i I-ng Ing 6 giao ti(? !"i I:#h !J thB# thi (\QZ). \QZ ,8#
:nh nghfa l m$t ?hWn mAm Ing 6 iA- 'hi6n thB# thi ! ?h5n ?hi n$i I-ng hO# tG? !
# th6 #-ng #;? #=# I:#h !J nh, :nh !: ti ng-34n2 lG? '( ho#h2 iA- 'hi6n W- ! ! ra !
F-Nn l& I1 liH-. Qheo F-an i6m #@a ZC[\]2 hai t+ \QZ ! S]Z l t,Mng ,Mng !"i nha-.
A`I #ho ?hz? trao i I1 liH- gi1a n$i I-ng ! \Qj #-ng #;? bUi S]Z thng F-a #=# I:#h
!J A`I sK IJng jC]AZ#ri?t. Qheo ng1 #Nnh #@a ZC[\] th< t+ *#ontent/ Dng nghfa !"i
ZC[.
Mt s khi nim quan trng Z9 # m$t !i 'h=i niHm ,8# Ing s-t trong ZC[\]n A`I2
A`I Im?lementation2 ! A`I Instan#e. kL3 qem h<nh !9 I,"i 53n
d{
Hnh v chi ra mi quan h gia cc khi nim API, API Implementation, v API Instance.
APIn Qheo nghfa Mn giNn nh;t A`I l m$t tG? #=# hm ,8# :nh nghfa tr,"# m ZC[ #
th6 gOi.
API ImpIementationn S m$t ?hWn mAm # #h.# ngng Ing 6 thB# thi ! #-ng #;? giao
IiHn hm #h-^n #@a A`I. Q;t nhi4n A`I Im?lementation hot $ng nh, th( no b4n trong
'hng F-an trOng i !"i ng,i ?h=t tri6n ZC[2 mi}n l A`I Im?lementation #-ng #;? m$t
lot #=# ?-bli# interfa#e #h-^n.
API Instancen S m$t th6 hiHn #@a A`I Im?lementation trong m$t ng1 #Nnh #J th6.
ZC[ s9 # tr=#h nhiHm 'hUi to ?hi4n li4n l# !"i S]Z. kiHn ti #h,a # #M #h( no ,8#
%t ra 6 #ho ?hz? S]Z 'hUi to #=# hm thB# thi bUi m$t ZC[. C=# ?h,Mng th.# #-ng #;?
bUi A`I Im?lementation ,8# #hia lm d mJ#. TNng I,"i 53 s9 tm tpt #=# mJ# .
Phuong thc M t
C=# ?h,Mng th.#
?hi4n
C=# ?h,Mng th.# ?hi4n ,8# Ing 6 =nh I;- sB bpt W-
! '(t th# #@a ?hi4n trao i thng tin gi1a ZC[ ! S]Z
thng F-a A`I Instan#e
C=# ?h,Mng th.#
tr-3An I1 liH-
C=# ?h,Mng th.# n3 Ing 6 trao i #=# gi= tr: m h<nh I1
liH- gi1a ZC[ ! S]Z thng F-a A`I Instan#e
C=# ?h,Mng th.#
hE tr8
C=# ?h,Mng th.# n3 ,8# Ing nh, #=# trao i thng tin
?hJ gi1a ZC[ ! S]Z thng F-a A`I Instan#e (#hPng hn
nh, lEi ?h=t sinh).
C php v cc phuong thc ca API
C m$t !i #=# 34- #W- #h-ng ?hNi t-5n theo 'hi thB# thi A`I l n
Q4n #=# ?h,Mng th.# # ?h5n biHt hoa th,ng rw rng ! ,8# #h0 ra U #=# ?hWn
sa- n3.
C=# tham s #@a ?h,Mng th.# #>ng ?h5n biHt hoa th,ng rw rng
C=# hm I1 liH- ,a !o trong #=# tham s ,8# bi6- Ii}n nh, #h-Ei 'C tB. Chng gDm d
'i6- l #=# ?h,Mng th.# ?hi4n (Initialie2 Qerminate)2 #=# ?h,Mng th.# trao i I1 liH-
(ietYal-e2 ZetYal-e)2 ! #=# ?h,Mng th.# hE tr8 (ietjrrorZtring2 ietjrrorCoIe2
ietViagnosti#).
2.6.4 M hnh trang thi phin trao i thng tin
C=# trng th=i trong ?hi4n trao i thng tin ln
Ch,a 'hUi to (Not Initialied)
ang #h3 (Running)
l(t th# (Terminated)
d~
Trn hnh v cho ta thy cc trng thi ca phin trao di thng tin: Not InitialiEed, Runnin&, v
@er+inated. N cng cho chng ta thy trch nhim ca SCO l tm API Instance v goi phong thc
Initialie().
2.6.5 Cc m Ii khi thc thi API
Q;t #N #=# mL lEi ,8# qem nh, l #=# s ng-34n bi6- Ii}n nh, #=# #h-Ei 'C tB. Ch-^n
Ijjj 34- #W- t;t #N #=# mL lEi trong 'hoNng b (n ~{{d~. ]$t 'hoNng :nh nghfa tr,"# #ho
#=# lEi # th6 ?h=t sinh l t+ b I(n sss. C=# mL lEi b s-ng trong 'hoNng Xbbb (n ~{{d{.
]Oi hm A`I2 tr+ #=# ?h,Mng th.# hE tr8 n ietSastjrror()2 ietjrrorZtring()2 !
ietViagnosti#()2 %t mL lEi hiHn thi #ho A`I Instan#e2 t.# l mEi lWn gOi #=# hm A- #
m$t mL lEi t,Mng .ng i 'm (C th6 # lEi ! # th6 'hng # lEi). V,"i 53 l bNng tm tpt
#=# mL lEi F-3 :nh bUi Ijjj.
Mc m Ii Min gi tr[ ca m Ii
lhng # lEi b
SEi #h-ng XbbRXss
SEi # ?h=? abbRass
SEi \QZ dbbRdss
SEi m h<nh I1
liH-
cbbRcss
C=# lEi tB :nh
nghfa
XbbbR~{{d{

Qrong #-n s=#h \Qj # F-3 :nh #J th6 !A #=# lEi. Vo 'h-n 'h #@a l-Gn =n 'hng th6 liHt
'4 ra U 53. 6 #hi ti(t hMn qin tham 'hNo th4m trong [3].
2.6.6 Trch nhim ca LMS
ZC[\] 34- #W- S]Z #-ng #;? m$t A`I Instan#e nh, :nh nghfa trong #h-^n Ijjj !
ZC[\]. A`I s9 I;- ZC[ nh1ng thB# thi b4n trong #J th6. V,"i 53 #hng ta s9 i !o
nh1ng 34- #W- #J th6 hMn. ZC[\] 34- #W- S]Z #-ng #;? m$t A`I Instan#e thB# thi #h.#
ngng #@a A`I m tN tr,"# . 6 ZC[ # th6 sK IJng tt A`I Instan#e %t ra bUi S]Z2 th<
S]Z ?hNi # #=# 34- #W- nh;t :nh !A A`I Instan#e. 6 #-ng #;? ?h,Mng tiHn 6 :nh !: A`I
Instan#e2 A`I Instan#e #@a S]Z s9 ,8# #-ng #;? F-a V[] nh, m$t i t,8ng t4n A`I l
A(IJ-KLKJ--. S]Z ?hNi #-ng #;? 'hN ngng #ho ZC[ 6 tr-3 #G? A`I Instan#e thng F-a
jC]AZ#ri?t. 6 ZC[ t<m A`I Instan#e #-ng #;? bUi S]Z2 S]Z ?hNi #h:- tr=#h nhiHm ?h5n
?hi ZC[ trong m$t 'i(n tr# ?h5n #;? V[] #J th6. S]Z s9 ?h5n ?hi ! hi6n th: ZC[
trong m$t #Ka s m l #Ka s #on ho%# l frame #on #@a #Ka s S]Z #h.a A`I Instan#e.
dt
Trn hnh v l mt s th du v noi dt API Instance v noi s hin thj ni dung ca SCO.
Q,Mng lai th< S]Z # th6 # #=# ?h,Mng ?h=? 'h=# 6 ZC[ tr-3 #G? A`I Instan#e (nh, oeb
Zer!i#e). Q-3 nhi4n !o thi i6m n32 ZC[\] #h0 hE tr8 #=# ?h,Mng th.# m tN U tr4n2
V[] ! jC]AZ#ri?t l #=# 'f th-Gt =ng tin #G3 ,8# Ing trong nhiA- ngm ! r;t I} Ing.
2.6.7 Trch nhim ca SCO
ZC[ s9 ?hNi # nh1ng tr=#h nhiHm nh;t :nh 'hi trao i thng tin !"i A`I. Z#o ?hNi # 'hN
ngng t<m A`I Instan#e. 53 l lC Io #hCnh ti sao # nh1ng hn #h( trong !iH# A`I Instan#e
,8# :nh !: U 5- trong V[] hierar#h32 ! # m$t t4n I-3 nh;t %t #ho A`I Instan#e. 7(-
A`I Instan#e %t U m$t nMi b;t ' trong V[] hierar#h3 th< 'h #ho ZC[ trong !iH# t<m A`I
Instan#e.
2.6.7.1 Tm API Instance
TUi !< #=# i t,8ng n$i I-ng trong mi tr,ng ZC[\]2 ,8# hi6n th: bUi #=# oeb
Troser2 oeb Troser #-ng #;? V[] 6 %t m$t A`I Instan#e. V[] # th6 qem nh, m$t
#;- tr# ,8# :nh nghfa ho%# m$t t #h.# #=# i t,8ng trong m$t trang. 6 ZC[ # th6
t<m ,8# A`I Instan#e trong nhiA- S]Z 'h=# nha-2 Ijjj L %t #=# hn #h( !A nMi %t A`I
Instan#e. Y;n A F-an trOng l ZC[ s9 ?hNi t<m A`I Instan#e trong #=# nMi sa- n
Ch-Ei #=# #Ka s m #@a #@a s hiHn ti2 n(- tDn ti2 #ho (n 'hi #Ka s 0nh ,8#
t<m th;3
CKa s mU n(- #
Ch-Ei #=# #Kam #@a s mU2 n(- tDn ti2 #ho (n 'hi #Ka s m #;? #ao nh;t ,8#
!"i t"i.
d
Hnh v trn ch gii vic tm API ca SCO.
W- ti4n on mL t<m A`I Instan#e trong #h-Ei #=# #Ka s m #@a #Ka s #h.a ZC[. 7(-
'hng # th< #h-36n sang tim #h-Ei #=# #Ka s m #@a #Ka s ang mU. 7(- t<m th;3 th< trN
!A A`I Instan#e2 #un n(- 'hng t<m th;3 th< trN !A n-ll.
2.6.8 SCORM Run-Time Environment Data ModeI
2.6.8.1 Tng quan v Data ModeI
]J# C#h #@a !iH# %t ra Iata moIel #h-ng l Nm bNo m$t tG? thng tin ,8# inh nghfa
tr,"# #@a ZC[ # th6 ,8# theo Iwi bUi #=# mi tr,ng 'h=# nha-. 7(- !C IJ l #Wn thi(t 6
q=# :nh i6m #@a hO# !i4n ,8# theo Iwi l m$t 34- #W- #h-ng2 th< #Wn thi(t 6 q=# :nh
m$t #=#h #h-ng 6 thng b=o i6m #ho #=# mi tr,ng S]Z.
Cc thnh phn data model doc dng nh l cc tham s da vo cc phong thc ca
API.
ZC[\] \Qj Vata ]oIel IBa tr4n `Xcc.XX.X Vraft ZtanIarI for Searning Qe#hnolog3
Vata ]oIel fo Content [bve#t Comm-ni#ation stanIarI %t ra bUi Ijjj SQZC Com?-ter
]anageI Instr-#tion (C]I). `Xcc.XX.X l m$t #h-^n gDm m$t tG? #=# thnh ?hWn m h<nh
I1 liH- # th6 trao i thng tin gi1a #ontent obve#t (ZC[ theo ng1 #Nnh #@a ZC[\]) !"i
S]Z. 53 l m$t tG? I1 liH-2 nh,ng 'hng hn #h(2 thng tin !A hO# !i4n2 #=# t,Mng t=# hO#
!i4n # !"i ZC[2 thng tin mJ# ti4-2 trng th=i thnh #ng2 ! trng th=i hon thnh. C=#
thng tin n3 s9 r;t F-an trOng #ho #=# mJ# C#h 'h=# nha-. C=# I1 liH- s9 ,8# Ing trong
o m.# $ ti(n b$ #@a hO# !i4n2 gi? trong !iH# ,a ra #=# F-3(t :nh q=# :nh th. tB
ds
IBa tr4n t,Mng t=# tng th6 !"i ZC[. TUi !< Ijjj Iraft stanIarI #h0 :nh nghfa #=# thnh
?hWn m h<nh I1 liH- ! #=# 'i6- I1 liH- #@a n2 ZC[\] #Wn =? IJng nhiA- hMn #=# 34-
#W- trong !iH# Ing2 q=# :nh mi F-an hH !"i A`I Instan#e.
Cc khi nim co bn trong RTE Data ModeI
Cc thnh phn Data ModeIn 6 q=# inh m h<nh2 t;t #N #=# t4n #@a #=# thnh ?hWn Iata
moIel m tN trong ZC[\] \Qj Vata ]oIel A- bpt W- b)ng *#mi/. 7 s9 b=o #ho S]Z
r)ng #=# thnh ?hWn I1 liH- n3 l th-$# Ijjj `Xcc.XX.X Vata ]oIel for Content [bve#t
Comm-ni#ation Iraft stanIarI. Q;t #N #=# thnh ?hWn m tN bUi ZC[\] ,8# 34- #W- thB#
thi ! #=# hnh !i #@a n ?hNi ,8# hE tr8 bUi m$t S]Z. Q;t #N #=# thnh ?hWn I1 liH- A-
l t3 #hOn i !"i ZC[. ZC[ #h0 ?hNi sK IJng #=# hm Initialie(*/) ! Qerminate(*/) n
'hng nh;t thi(t ?hNi gOi #=# hm ZetYal-e() ! ietYal-e(). Q-3 nhi4n2 n(- ZC[ m-n
,8# theo Iwi2 #hng ?hNi t-5n theo m h<nh I1 liH- #h-ng 6 sK IJng li ,8# F-a nhiA-
mi tr,ng S]Z. Q4n #=# thnh ?hWn ,8# gpn liAn !"i #=# #h-Ei 'C tB jC]AZ#ri?t sK IJng
'C hiH- (.). Qrong ?h,Mng th.# ZetYal-e() gOi2 t;t #N #=# gi= tr: sK IJng 6 %t thnh ?hWn
m h<nh I1 liH- ,8# gpn !"i #=# #h-Ei 'C tB jC]AZ#ri?t. Ch-^n jC]AZ#ri?t hE tr8 !
t-5n theo ni#oIe ZtanIarI. 53 l m$t i6m m ZC[ ! S]Z ?hNi l,- & (n 'hi thB# thi
\Qj Vata ]oIel.
nh hung ca Data ModeI In xc inh th t
ZC[\] ZeF-en#ing m tN m$t #h-Ei #=# i t,8ng n$i I-ng ,8# q=# :nh 6 ?h5n ?hi
IBa tr4n thng tin q=# :nh th. tB ,8# :nh nghfa2 #=# hnh !i q=# :nh th. tB ! #=# '(t
F-N t,Mng t=# #@a hO# !i4n !"i #=# i t,8ng n$i I-ng L ,8# ?h5n ?hi. Asset th< # Nnh
h,Ung hn #h( hMn l4n q=# :nh th. tB. S]Z #h0 theo Iwi sB 'iHn asset ,8# ?h5n ?hi.
Za- 'hi asset L hi6n th: #ho hO# !i4n rDi th< S]Z #oi nh, asset L hon thnh. ZC[ # th6
# Nnh h,Ung t"i q=# :nh th. tB b)ng #=#h thng b=o #=# '(t F-N t,Mng t=# #@a hO# !i4n
trong m$t ?hi4n lm !iH# #@a hO# !i4n !"i ZC[ t;t nhi4n s9 thng F-a ZC[\] \Qj Vata
]oIel. ]$t S]Z ,8# 34- #W- sK IJng thng tin thng b=o bUi ZC[2 F-a \Qj Vata ]oIel2
6 q=# :nh Nnh h,Ung l4n !iH# q=# :nh #=# th. tB #@a #=# a#ti!ities. ZC[\] 'hng bpt
m$t ?h,Mng th.# #J th6 ho%# !A :nh thi nh, th( no ! 'hi no ZC[ r-nRtime Iata ,8#
Ing #ho !iH# q=# :nh th. tB. ZC[\] #h0 34- #W- l #=# thng tin gWn 53 nh;t ,8# sK
IJng 'hi m$t =nh gi= q=# :nh th. tB ,8# ti(n hnh. YC IJ2 n(- ZC[ thng b=o trng th=i
hon thnh #@a ZC[ thng F-a #mi.#om?letionstat-s2 a#ti!it3 q=# :nh q=# :nh #ng !"i
ZC[ s9 ,8# qem l hon thnh.
2.6.8.2 SCORM RTE Data ModeI
C=# thnh ?hWn m h<nh I1 liH- # th6 ,8# sK IJng 6 theo Iwi trng th=i2 i6m2 t,Mng
t=#2 #=# mJ# ti4-|]$t !i #=# thnh ?hWn m h<nh I1 liH- Nnh h,Ung lxn nha- ho%# ,8#
Ing '(t h8? !"i #=# thnh ?hWn 'h=#. ]$t !i thnh ?hWn n(- sK IJng s9 Nnh h,Ung (n
th. tB #@a #=# ZC[ ,8# Ing trong #ng m$t ng1 #Nnh nh, bi hO#2 #-a hO#. V,"i 53 l
bNng liHt '4 #=# thnh ?hWn m h<nh I1 liH- ZC[\]n
Thnh phn m hnh
d Iiu
M t
Comments mrom
Searner
Ch.a #=# #h thC#h t+ ?hCa hO# !i4n
Comments mrom S]Z Ch.a #=# li #h thC#h ! ghi #h B :nh ,a #ho
hO# !i4n
Com?letion Ztat-s Ch0 ra hO# !i4n L hon thnh ZC[ ha3 #h,a
Com?letion QhresholI ]$t gi= tr: m =nh gi= F-= tr<nh m hO# !i4n #
gpng hon thnh ZC[ # th6 ,8# so s=nh 6
=nh gi= qem ZC[ L ,8# qem l hon thnh ha3
#h,a.
CreIit Ch0 ra qem hO# !i4n # ,8# #ng nhGn thnh #ng
IBa tr4n '(t F-N t,Mng t=# !"i ZC[.
jntr3 Ch.a thng tin 'i6m tra tCnh ng pn #@a !iH# hO#
!i4n L tr-3 #G? !o ZC[ tr,"# #h,a
cb
jqit Ch0 ra nh, th( no ! ti sao hO# !i4n b_ ZC[
Intera#tions =# inh thng tin li4n F-an !"i t,Mng t=# #@a hO#
!i4n !"i ZC[ 6 =nh gi= ! o l,ng
Sa-n#h Vata C-ng #;? I1 liH- #J th6 #ho ZC[ m ZC[ # th6
sK IJng 6 'hUi to
Searner IV ]$t :nh Ianh #@a hO# !i4n m t,Mng t=# !"i ZC[
Searner 7ame Ti6- Ii}n t4n #@a hO# !i4n
Searner `referen#e =# :nh #=# sU thC#h #@a hO# !i4n sK IJng ZC[
So#ation Ti6- Ii}n nMi :nh !: #@a m$t ZC[
]aqim-m Qime AlloeI lhoNng thi gian tC#h l>3 hO# !i4n ,8# ?hz? 6 sK
IJng ZC[ trong m$t attem?t
]oIe =# :nh 'i6- m ZC[ # th6 bi6- Ii}n t"i hO# !i4n
[bve#ti!es =# :nh #=# mJ# ti4- hO# tG? ho%# 'hN ngng li4n
F-an (n ZC[
`rogress ]eas-re o sB ti(n b$ #@a hO# !i4n trong 'hi # gpng hon
thnh ZC[
Z#aleI `assing Z#ore i6m E L #h0nh t0 lH #@a m$t ZC[
Z#ore i6m #@a hO# !i4n 'hi t,Mng t=# !"i ZC[
Zession Qime lhoNng thi gian m hO# !i4n L Ing trong ?hi4n
hO# tG? hiHn ti #@a hO# !i4n 'hi t,Mng t=# !"i ZC[
Z-##ess Ztat-s Ch0 ra hO# !i4n L npm ,8# n$i I-ng Io ZC[ %t
ra ha3 #h,a.
Z-s?enI Vata C-ng #;? thng tin # th6 ,8# to ra bUi ZC[
nh, l m$t '(t F-N #@a hO# !i4n tr-3 #G? ho%#
t,Mng t=# !"i ZC[
Qime Simit A#tion Ch0 ra #=i g< ZC[ n4n lm 'hi thi gian #ho ?hz? b:
!,8t F-=
Qotal Qime Qng #@a thi gian ?hi4n hO# tG? #@a hO# !i4n
,8# tC#h l>3 trong attem?t hiHn ti.
YA ton b$ #hi ti(t #=# thnh ?hWn m h<nh I1 liH- qin qem trong #-n s=#h \Qj.
2.7 Sequencing & Navigation
Qrong ?hWn n3 #hng ta s9 A #G? (n #=# #h@ A sa- n
C=# 'h=i niHm !A q=# :nh th. tB ! th-Gt ng1 (Searning A#ti!ities2 A#ti!it3 Qrees2
Cl-ster).
] h<nh :nh nghfa q=# :nh th. tB (#=# m tN ! 34- #W- #hi ti(t !A #=# l-Gt q=# :nh
th. tB # th6 =? IJng #ho #=# learning a#ti!ities).
] h<nh hnh !i th. tB (#=# m tN #hi ti(t !A #=# hnh !i #@a S]Z !"i #=# l-Gt q=#
:nh th. tB ,8# F-3 :nh tr,"# ! #=# t,Mng t=# #@a hO# !i4n).
C=# 34- #W- ! 'i6m so=t I-3Ht
] h<nh I1 liH- I-3Ht
2.7.1 Tng quan
2.7.1.1 Cc phn chnh
Chng ta s9 gi"i thiH- F-a #=# ?hWn s9 tr<nh b3 trong ?hWn sp? t"i.
Cc khi nim v xc [nh th t (Sequencing Concepts)n ii"i thiH- #=# 'h=i
niHm =? IJng #ho !iH# q=# :nh th. tB trong ZC[\].
M hnh [nh ngha xc [nh th t (The Sequencing Definition ModeI)n l ?hWn
W- ti4n #-ng #;? #=# #hi ti(t 'f th-Gt #J th6 !A q=# :nh th. tB (ZeF-en#ing). `hWn
n3 m tN t+ng ?hWn thng tin !A q=# :nh th. tB # th6 Ing 6 m tN #=# #hi(n
l,8# !A q=# :nh th. tB ! #=# !C IJ #hng ,8# Ing nh, th( no.
Cc hnh vi xc [nh th t (Sequencing Behaviors)n m tN #hi ti(t thng tin no
,8# theo Iwi Ing #ho mJ# C#h q=# :nh th. tB ! F-= tr<nh hO# tG? #@a hO# !i4n
Nnh h,Ung (n thng tin theo Iwi nh, th( no. `hWn n3 m tN #=# hnh !i q=# :nh
th. tB #hi ti(t2 bao gDm #=# 34- #W- !A #=# hnh !i S]Z.
cX
M hnh duyt ca SCORM (SCORM Navigation ModeI)n m tN m h<nh I1 liH- l#
thB# thi #ho ?hz? #=# i t,8ng n$i I-ng 34- #W- S]Z !A trng th=i q=# :nh th. tB
! #h0 ra #=# 34- #W- I-3Ht mong m-n (n S]Z. `hWn n3 #>ng #-ng #;? #=#
h,"ng Ixn #ho S]Z ,a ra #=# iA- 'hi6n I-3Ht t,Mng .ng.
2.7.1.2 Tng quan v xc [nh th t trong SCORM
7h, ta bi(t #=# ?hWn #h@ 3(- trong #-n s=#h IBa tr4n I]Z Zim?le ZeF-en#ing (ZZ). Ch &
l U 53 #h1 Mn giNn (sim?le) 'hng ?hNi !< %# tN Mn giNn I} hi6- m l hn #h( !A s
#=# hnh !i q=# :nh th. tB ,8# sK IJng nh, l q=# :nh th. tB IBa tr4n trC t-H nh5n to2
q=# :nh th. tB IBa tr4n '( ho#h. C-n s=#h ZC[\] Z7 :nh nghfa %# tN #@a I]Z ,8#
=? IJng trong mi tr,ng ZC[\] ra sao. 7 q=# :nh #=# hnh !i #Wn thi(t ! #=# #h.#
ngng m m$t S]Z t,Mng thC#h !"i ZC[\] ?hNi thB# hiHn 6 qK l& thng tin q=# :nh th. tB
l# #h3. CJ th6 hMn2 n m tN !iH# r9 nh=nh ! l-Dng #@a learning a#ti!ities thng F-a m$t
th-Gt ng1 l A#ti!it3 Qree2 IBa tr4n #=# t,Mng t=# #@a hO# !i4n !"i #=# i t,8ng n$i I-ng
! #hi(n l,8# q=# :nh th. tB ,8# F-3 :nh tr,"#.
Qm li2 q=# :nh th. tB trong ZC[\] ?hJ th-$# !o m$t #;- tr# ,8# :nh nghfa tr,"#
#@a #=# learning a#ti!ities A#ti!it3 Qree m$t #hi(n l,8# q=# :nh th. tB ,8# :nh nghfa
tr,"#2 the ZeF-en#ing Vefinition ]oIel ! m$t .ng IJng #@a hnh !i :nh nghfa tr,"# i
!"i #=# sB 'iHn ,8# 'C#h hot trong hH thng ! U ngoi2 ZC[\] ZeF-en#ing Teha!ior.
2.7.1.3 Tng quan v duyt trong SCORM
YiH# I-3Ht trong ZC[\] !"i giN :nh r)ng L tDn ti giao IiHn ng,i Ing 6 'C#h hot #=#
sB 'iHn I-3Ht. iiao IiHn ng,i Ing # th6 #-ng #;? bUi S]Z ho%# nhng trong #=# i
t,8ng hO# tG?. lhi hO# !i4n 'C#h hot giao IiHn ng,i Ing (#hPng hn #li#' !o m$t nt)2
S]Z s9 I:#h sB 'iHn ra thnh 34- #W- I-3Ht t,Mng .ng !"i n2 qK l& 34- #W-2 ! # th6 #h0
ra learning a#ti!it3 ti(? theo 6 ?h5n ?hi #ho hO# !i4n. C-n s=#h Z7 #>ng m tN m$t m
h<nh I1 liH- l# thB# thi m ZC[ # th6 sK IJng 6 thng b=o #=# 34- #W- I-3Ht #ho S]Z.
2.7.2 Cc khi nim v xc [nh th t
2.7.2.1 Content Structure v Acitivity Tree
ZM D Content Ztr-#t-re l m$t #ng #J r;t thng IJng Ing bUi #$ng Dng thi(t '( giNng
I3 m tN mi li4n hH # ?h5n #;? bG# #@a m$t learning eq?erien#e ('inh nghiHm hO# tG? R
t.# l m$t lot #=# i t,8ng sp? q(? theo m$t th. tB nh;t :nh nh)m th6 hiHn m$t mJ# C#h
hO# tG? no ). I]Z ZZ Z?e#ifi#ation :nh nghfa ! sK IJng m$t 'h=i niHm t,Mng tB gOi l
A#ti!it3 Qree nh)m th6 hiHn 6 m tN #;- tr# #@a #=# Mn !: hO# tG?. A#ti!it3 Qree #ho ?hz?
m tN #=# 34- #W- qK l& ! thng tin nh, l #=# th-Gt to=n q=# :nh th. tB ! #=# hnh !i
theo m$t #=#h $# lG?.
ca
Hnh v biu din mt Activity @ree. c l "Course" (Cua hoc) - cng l mt learning activity m
sau ny chng ta s goi n l mt cluster.
Qh,ng th< #=# #h,Mng tr<nh S]Z s9 thB# thi m$t #;- tr# nh, A#ti!it3 Qree 6 t-5n theo
ZeF-en#ing Vefinition ]oIel ! ZeF-en#ing Teha!ior (s9 A #G? sa-).
Xy dng mt Activity Tree t mt Content Package
Qrong #-n s=#h CA] :nh nghfa m$t #;- tr# #-ng #;? m$t t #h.# #@a n$i I-ng hO# tG?.
53 #hCnh l Ing #@a m$t Content Content [rganiation ,8# bi6- Ii}n trong m$t gi n$i
I-ng (#ontent ?a#'age) thng F-a thnh ?hWn organization. ]Ei item trong #;- tr# ?h5n
#;? bi6- Ii}n m$t Mn !: hO# tG?. Item # th6 # #=# item #on trong ! ,8# g=n th4m
#=# nhLn t3 theo & D #@a ng,i thi(t '(. YC IJ nh, 'ha hO#2 moI-le2 Mn !:2 bi hO#|
kL3 qem h<nh !9 I,"i 6 hi6- #=#h q53 IBng m$t Ati!it3 Qree t+ m$t Content `a#'age.
Mi quan h gia Content Or&aniEation v Activity @ree. phn di dy s gii thch
cu th hon.
T53 gi2 #hng ta s9 giNi thC#h #J th6 h<nh !9 tr4n.
]$t A#ti!it3 Qree bi6- Ii}n m$t #;- tr# n$i I-ng 'h=i niHm rt ra t+ thi(t '( n$i I-ng2
son bi ! #=# F-= tr<nh tng h8? n$i I-ng. ]$t A#ti!it3 Qree bi6- Ii}n nh, m$t
Content [rganiation (# thnh ?hWn <organization>) trong gi n$i I-ng ZC[\]
(ZC[\] Content `a#'age) 6 Nm bNo tCnh 'hN #h-36n #@a thng tin q=# :nh th.
tB.
cd
]$t S]Z t-5n theo ZC[\] s9 I:#h #=# t #h.# n$i I-ng (Content [rganiations)
sang m$t A#ti!it3 Qree. ]$t A#ti!it3 Qree bi6- Ii}n #;- tr# I1 liH- m S]Z s9 thB#
thi 6 ?hNn =nh bi6- Ii}n b4n trong2 # ?h5n #;? #@a #=# learning a#ti!ties L ,8#
inh nghfa bao gDm #N #=# thng tin trng th=i theo Iwi #ho mEi a#ti!it3 trong #;- tr#
?h5n #;? #@a mEi hO# !i4n.
lhi hO# !i4n t,Mng t=# !"i n$i I-ng bi6- Ii}n bUi A#ti!it3 Qree2 S]Z s9 =nh gi=
thng tin theo Iwi ! q=# :nh th. tB 6 q=# :nh th. tB t,Mng i #@a #=# learning
a#ti!ites2 #>ng nh, tCnh thC#h h8? #ho #=# learning a#ti!ites ,8# thK bUi hO# !i4n
IBa tr4n #=# iA- 'iHn. Qrong ng1 #Nnh n32 mEi eq?erien#e #ho #ng m$t #;- tr#
n$i I-ng # th6 'h=# nha-2 IBa tr4n thng tin q=# :nh th. tB :nh nghfa bUi ng,i
?h=t tri6n n$i I-ng ! #=# t,Mng t=# #J th6 #@a hO# !i4n !"i #=# i t,8ng n$i I-ng
L ,8# thK (eq?erien#eI).
[nh ngha CIuster
]$t #l-ster l m$t Ing :nh Ing %# biHt #@a learning a#ti!it3 # #=# a#ti!ities #on. Q+ n3
s9 ,8# Ing r;t nhiA- trong #=# hnh !i q=# :nh th. tB (seF-en#ing beha!ior) 'h=# nha-.
]$t #l-ster s9 bao gDm m$t a#ti!it3 #ha ! #=# #on nga3 #;? I,"i #@a n2 nh,ng 'hng ?hNi
l #=# #on #h=- #@a #=# #on #@a n. ChCnh Io :nh nghfa nh, !G3 n4n m$t leaf a#t!it3
(a#ti!it3 l= a#ti!it3 'hng # #on) 'hng l m$t #l-ster.
Theo dng djnh ngha, trn hnh v chng ta thy c cc cluster l cluster A, cluster M,
cluster C, cluster D, v cluster E.
2.7.2.2 Learning Activity
Qrong ?hWn W- gi"i thiH- !A ZeF-en#ing 7a!igation2 #hng ta L ni 'h= nhiA- !A
Searning A#ti!it3. T53 gi l thi i6m thC#h h8? 6 ,a ra :nh nghfa #hCnh q=#. ]$t
Searning A#ti!it3 # th6 ,8# :nh nghfa r$ng rLi nh, m$t Mn !: giNng I3 # & nghfa. ]$t
learning a#ti!it3 # th6 #-ng #;? m$t ti ng-34n hO# tG? #ho hO# !i4n ho%# bao gDm #=#
a#t!ities #on. Q+ b53 gi trU i #hng ta s9 gOi !pn tpt *learning a#ti!it3/ l *a#ti!it3/.
cc

Trn hnh v l v du v mt learning activity c tn l "@a)e a Lesson" (Tc l tham gia hoc bi).
Activity ny bao gm cc activity con khc l "@a)e a (re'@est", "E0perience a Content", v "@a)e a
<inal @est" (Tc l "l9+ b9i )iN+ tra #Ou v9o", "?Pc +=t n=i dun& t2eo )Qt *u% )iN+ tra #Ou v9o",
"l9+ b9i )iN+ tra cuAi cRn&").
V,"i 53 l m$t s tCnh #h;t #@a a#t!it3n
]$t a#ti!it3 # 'hUi W- ! '(t th#
]$t a#ti!it3 # :nh nghfa rw rng !A nh, th( no l hon thnh ! m.# $ hon
thnh
]$t a#ti!it3 # $ s5- t- &
]$t a#ti!it3 qN3 ra trong ng1 #Nnh #@a b m n n(- n # b m
[nh ngha Attempt
]$t th-Gt ng1 #>ng ha3 g%? n1a trong Z7 l attem?t. Attem?t ,8# qem nh, l m$t nE lB#
6 hon thnh m$t a#ti!it32 ! trong nE lB# 2 'hng ho%# nhiA- i t,8ng hO# tG? # th6
,8# thoN mLn. C=# attem?t tr4n #=# a#ti!ities l-n l-n qN3 ra trong ng1 #Nnh #@a #=#
attem?t tr4n #=# a#ti!ites b m. C>ng n4n l,- & r)ng ti m$t thi i6m i !"i m$t A#ti!it3
Qree #ho tr,"# #h0 # m$t ! #h0 m$t leaf a#ti!it3 # th6 attem?t ! #=# t ti4n #@a leaf
a#ti!it3 s9 b: Nnh h,Ung 'hi leaf a#ti!it3 b: t=# $ng. ]$t attem?t bpt W- 'hi m$t a#ti!it3
,8# q=# inh 6 ?h5n ?hi ! '(t th# 'hi # #=# nE lB# thB# thi q=# :nh th. tB 6 t<m
a#ti!it3 ti(? theo 6 ?h5n ?hi. 7hiA- 'hi 'hng th6 hon thnh m$t a#ti!it3 trong m$t
attem?t. C th6 hO# !i4n s9 I+ng li ! thB# hiHn attem?t !o m$t lWn 'h=#. Q- th-$#
attem?t t=# $ng !o a#ti!it3 ho%# thng F-a hnh $ng F-Nn tr: U b4n ngoi th< trng th=i
theo Iwi #@a m$t a#ti!it3 s9 # th6 tha3 i. lhi trng th=i theo Iwi #ho m$t a#ti!it3 tha3 i2
trng th=i theo Iwi #@a t ti4n n # th6 b: Nnh h,Ung (m sa- n3 #hng ta s9 gOi l \oll-?).
2.7.2.3 Bt u v kt thc phin xc [nh th t
]$t ?hi4n lm !iH# bpt W- 'hi # m$t attem?t tr4n a#ti!it3 g# #@a A#ti!it3 Qree #ho (n 'hi
attem?t '(t th#. ZC[\] ZeF-en#ing Teha!ior #h0 q=# :nh #=# 34- #W- I-3Ht no #
th6 bpt W- m$t ?hi4n q=# :nh th. tB2 nh,ng #hng 'hng q=# :nh 'hi no ! nh, th( no
#=# 34- #W- I-3Ht n3 ,8# 'C#h hot. Qh,ng th< S]Z s9 ,a ra m$t 34- #W- I-3Ht Start
'hi nhGn ,8# m$t !i sB 'iHn #@a hH thng nh, gng nhG?2 bpt W- m$t 'ha hO#.
2.7.2.4 Theo di trang thi ca activity
ZC[\] ZeF-en#ing Teha!ior #h0 IBa !o #=# gi= tr: trong seF-en#ingQra#'ing Ztat-s
]oIel 6 'i6m so=t #=# hnh !i q=# :nh th. tB. Y"i mEi attem?t t=# $ng !o a#ti!it3 th<
a#t!it3 s9 gpn liAn #=# I1 liH- trng th=i theo Iwi.
Cc activities tr hon v khi phc (suspending & Resuming)
7h, ta L ni m$t a#ti!it3 # th6 b: tr< hoLn2 sa- 'hi ?hJ# li. YiH# 'hi ?hJ# m$t hnh
$ng b: tr< hoLn 'hng # nghfa l m$t attem?t m"i. C th6 # m$t ho%# nhiA- hMn a#ti!it3
# th6 ,8# tr< hoLn !o m$t thi i6m.
S bo tn ca d Iiu
ZC[\] ! %# tN I]Z ZZ A- 'hng q=# :nh I1 liH- ,8# I-3 tr< nh, th( no F-a nhiA-
?hi4n q=# inh th. tB 'h=# nha- #ho m$t hO# !i4n #J th6 ! A#ti#it3 Qree. 7i #h-ng #Wn
c{
thi(t I-3 tr< #=# 'i6m so=t2 theo Iwi2 ! thng tin trng th=i Ct nh;t #ho (n 'hi attem?t hiHn
thi t=# $ng tr4n a#t!it3 g# '(t th#.
2.7.3 M hnh [nh ngha xc [nh th t
C=# n$i I-ng trong ?hWn n3 #>ng IBa !o nhiA- I]Z ZZ Z?e#ifi#ation. %# tN I]Z ZZ q=#
:nh #=# thnh ?hWn # th6 Ing m tN ! Nnh h,Ung (n #=# hnh !i q=# :nh th. tB 'h=#
nha-. Qh4m !o 2 ZC[\] # b s-ng th4m m$t s thnh ?hWn 6 tgng tCnh mU r$ng2 'hN
ngng sK IJng r$ng rLi #@a I]Z ZZ. ZC[\] ZeF-en#ing Vefinition ]oIel :nh nghfa m$t tG?
#=# thnh ?hWn # th6 sK IJng bUi nh1ng ng,i ?h=t tri6n n$i I-ng 6 :nh nghfa #=# hnh
!i q=# :nh th. tB nh, mong m-n. 7h, L A #G?2 #=# thnh ?hWn #@a m h<nh I1 liH-
,8# =? IJng #ho #=# a#ti!ities trong ng1 #Nnh #@a m$t A#ti!it3 Qree. ]Ei thnh ?hWn #
m$t gi= tr: m%# :nh ,8# sK IJng 'hi thi(- sB q=# :nh rw rng #=# gi= tr:. C=# thnh ?hWn
#@a m h<nh :nh nghfa q=# :nh th. tB #h0 ?h=t h-3 hiH- F-N trong ZC[\] ZeF-en#ing
Teha!iors. ZC[\] 'hng %t b;t ' m$t 34- #W- no !A 'hi no ! nh, th( no #=# thnh
?hWn ZeF-en#ing Vefinition ]oIel ,8# =? IJng #ho a#ti!ities. Q-3 nhi4n2 #-n s=#h CA]
m tN #ho #hng ta #=# thnh ?hWn n3 =? IJng trong Content [rganiation #h.a trong
Content `a#'age. 7h, m tN trong s-3 Ii}n t+ m$t Content `a#'age ra m$t A#ti!it3 Qree2 tt
nh;t l =? IJng #=# thnh ?hWn ZeF-en#ing Vefinition ]oIel #ho #=# a#ti!ities trong m$t
A#tit!it3 Qree 'hi Content `a#'age ,8# qK l&. 7 #ho ?hz? 'hai b=o #=# seF-en#ing
beha!ior 6 trao i thng tin ,8# F-a m$t Content [rganiation 6 thng tin q=# :nh th.
tB ,8# qK l& #ho #ng m$t '(t F-N U nhiA- hH thng S]Z 'h=# nha-.
2.7.3.1 Cc kiu iu khin vic xc [nh th t
C=# #h( $ iA- 'hi6n !iH# q=# :nh th. tB #ho ?hz? ng,i ?h=t tri6n n$i I-ng #h0 ra #=#
34- #W- I-3Ht ,8# =? IJng #ho m$t #l-ster ! #=# a#ti!ities #@a #l-ster ,8# qem qzt nh,
th( no 'hi qK l& #=# 34- #W- q=# :nh th. tB. C=# #h( $ iA- 'hi6n !iH# q=# :nh # th6
,8# =? IJng 'hi #Wn 6 r)ng b-$# m$t learning eq?erien#e mong m-n. V,"i 53 l bNng
tm tpt #=# 'i6- iA- 'hi6n q=# :nh th. tB.
ID Tn M t Kiu gi tr[ Gi tr[ mc
[nh
X ZeF-en#ing Control
Choi#e
Ch0 ra r)ng m$t
34- #W- I-3Ht
Choice ,8#
#ho ?hz?
h,"ng t"i #=#
#on #@a a#ti!it3
boolean tr-e
a ZeF-en#ing Control
Choi#e jqit
Ch0 ra r)ng
a#ti!it3 ,8#
?hz? '(t th#
n(- m$t 34-
#W- q=# :nh
th. tB Choice
,8# qK l&
boolean tr-e
d ZeF-en#ing Control
mlo
Ch0 ra low
Subprocess #
th6 =? IJng
#ho #=# #on
#@a a#ti!it3
boolean false
c ZeF-en#ing Control
morarI [nl3
Ch0 ra r)ng #=#
C#h L I-3Ht
F-a rDi (theo
nghfa #@a
I-3Ht A#ti!it3
Qree) 'hng
,8# ?hz? #ho
#on #@a a#ti!it3
boolean false
c~
{ se C-rrent Attem?t
[bve#ti!e Information
Ch0 ra r)ng
Obective
Progress
Inormation #@a
#on #@a a#ti!it3
s9 #h0 ,8# sK
IJng trong 'hi
=nh gi= :nh
l-Gt ! roll-?
n(- thng tin
,8# ghi
trong attem?t
hiHn thi tr4n
a#ti!it3
boolean tr-e
~ se C-rrent Attem?t
`rogress Information
Ch0 ra r)ng
Attem?t
`rogress
Information #@a
#=# #on #@a
a#ti!it3 s9 #h0
,8# sK IJng
trong !iH# =nh
gi= #=# l-Gt !
roll-? n(-
thng tin ,8#
ghi trong
attem?t hiHn
thi tr4n
a#ti!it3
boolean tr-e
2.7.3.2 Cc iu khin Ia chn rng buc
]%# :nh th< I]Z ZZ Z?e#ifi#ation #ho ?hz? t;t #N #=# a#ti!ities b;t #. nMi 5- trong A#ti!it3
Qree m # ZeF-en#ing Control Choi#e #@a b m %# l Qr-e th< A- l #=# C#h ng #@a
m$t 34- #W- I-3Ht lBa #hOn. C th6 tCnh mAm Iro n3 thC#h h8? trong m$t s t<nh h-ng
nh,ng tr4n thB# t( n l #Nn trU trong m$t s tr,ng h8?. AVS %t ra m$t tG? ConstraineI
Choi#e Controls m %t nhiA- iA- 'iHn ! #=# hnh !i hMn n1a #ho #=# 34- #W- q=# :nh
th. tB lBa #hOn ,8# qK l& nh, th( no. QG? n3 bao gDm a thnh ?hWn l Constrain Choi#e
! `re!ent A#ti!ation.
2.7.3.3 Cc m t Iut xc [nh th t
]Ei l-Gt q=# :nh th. tB bao gDm m$t tG? #=# iA- 'iHn ! #=# hnh $ng t,Mng .ng. C=#
iA- 'iHn s9 ,8# =nh gi= sK IJng #=# thng tin theo gpn liAn !"i a#ti!it3.
ct
Kt hp iu kin
C=# iA- 'iHn Mn lr # th6 ,8# '(t h8? 6 to ra m$t tG? #=# iA- 'iHn =nh gi= sao #ho
m$t iA- 'iHn Mn lr ?hNi l Qr-e ho%# t;t #N ?hNi l Qr-e 6 q=# :nh hnh $ng 6 ?h5n
?hi.
AII (gi= tr: m%# inh) R QG? iA- 'iHn ,8# =nh gi= l Qr-e n(- ! #h0 n(- t;t #N #=#
iA- 'iHn Mn lr ,8# =nh gi= l Qr-e. 7 ging nh, to=n tK logi# And.
Any R QG? iA- 'iHn ,8# =nh gi= l Qr-e n(- b;t ' m$t iA- 'iHn no trong
,8# =nh gi= l Qr-e. 7 ging nh, to=n tK logi# Or.
Cc iu kin Iut
Qhnh ?hWn \-le ConIitions #h.a m$t tG? #=# iA- 'iHn ,8# =nh gi= trong ng1 #Nnh #@a
a#ti!it3 m ZeF-en#ing \-le ,8# =? IJng.
iu kin M t
ZatisfieI iA- 'iHn n3 ,8# =nh gi= l Qr-e n(- [bve#ti!e
`rogress Ztat-s #@a obve#ti!e li4n F-an gpn liAn a#ti!it3
l Qr-e ! [bve#ti!e ZatisfieI Ztat-s #ho obve#ti!e gpn
liAn !"i a#ti!it3 l Qr-e
[bve#ti!e Ztat-s
lnon
iA- 'iHn ,8# =nh gi= l Qr-e n(- [bve#ti!e
`rogress Ztat-s #@a obve#ti!e li4n F-an (n a#ti!it3 l
Qr-e
[bve#ti!e ]eas-re
lnon
iA- 'iHn ,8# %t l tr-e n(- [bve#ti!e `rogress
Ztat-s #@a obve#ti!e gpn liAn !"i a#ti!it3 l Qr-e !
[bve#ti!e ]eas-re Ztat-s #@a obve#ti!e gpn liAn !"i
a#ti!it3 l Qr-e.
[bve#ti!e ]eas-re
ireater Qhan
iA- 'iHn ,8# %t l Qr-e n(- Obective Measure
Status #@a obve#ti!e gpn liAn !"i a#ti!it3 l Qr-e !
Obective Normalied Measure #@a obve#ti!e li4n F-an
(n a#ti!it3 l"n hMn Rule Condition Measure Threshold.
[bve#ti!e ]eas-re
Sess Qhan
iA- 'iHn ,8# =nh gi= l Qr-e n(- [bve#ti!e
]eas-re Ztat-s #@a obve#ti!e gpn liAn !"i a#ti!it3 l
Qr-e ! Obective Normalied Measure #@a obve#ti!e
li4n F-an (n a#ti!it3 nh_ hMn Rule Condition Measure
Threshold.
Com?leteI iA- 'iHn ,8# =nh gi= l Qr-e n(- Attempt Progress
Status #@a a#ti!it3 l Qr-e ! Attempt Completion
Status #@a a#ti!it3 ,8# %t l Qr-e.
A#ti!it3 `rogress
lnon
iA- 'iHn ,8# =nh gi= l Qr-e n(- Activity Progress
Status #ho a#ti!it3 l Qr-e ! Attempt Progress Status
#ho a#ti#it3 l Qr-e
Attem?teI iA- 'iHn ,8# =nh gi= l Qr-e n(- Activity Progress
Status #ho a#ti!it3 l Qr-e ! Activity Attempt Count #@a
a#ti#it3 l"n hMn b (I,Mng)
Attem?t Simit
jq#eeIeI
iA- 'iHn ,8# =nh gi= l Qr-e n(- Activity Progress
Status l Qr-e ! Simit ConIition Attem?t Simit Control
l Qr-e ! Activity Attempt Count #@a a#ti!it3 l"n hMn
ho%# b)ng Limit Condition Attempt Limit #@a a#ti!it3
Ala3s iA- 'iHn l-n l-n ,8# =nh gi= l Qr-e
RuIe Action
Qhnh ?hWn \-le A#tion bi6- Ii}n a#tion ho%# beha!ior IB :nh m S]Z s9 #h:- tr=#h nhiHm
trong #=# ZeF-en#ing Teha!ior 'h=# nha-2 'hi m$t tG? iA- 'iHn #@a ZeF-en#ing \-le %t
gi= tr: l Qr-e. QG? #=# a#tions ,8# ?h5n loi IBa theo #=# t<nh h-ng =nh gi= 'h=# nha-
!A m%t thi gian.
`re#onIition A#tionsn h? IJng 'hi I-3Ht A#ti!it3 Qree 6 q=# :nh m$t a#ti!it3 6 ?h5n
?hi.
`ost #onIition A#tionsn h? IJng 'hi m$t attem?t thB# hiHn tr4n m$t a#ti!it3 '(t th#.
jqit A#tionsn h? IJng sa- 'hi m$t attem?t #@a #@a a#ti!it3 #on '(t th#
c
2.7.3.4 Cc iu kin han ch
7g,i ?h=t tri6n n$i I-ng # th6 :nh nghfa #=# iA- 'iHn hn #h( m tN #=# iA- 'iHn m
a#ti!it3 'hng ,8# ?hz? ?h5n ?hi. iA- 'iHn hn #h( # th6 gpn liAn !"i #=# a#ti!ities ! l
# iA- 'iHn IBa tr4n thng tin trng th=i theo Iwi #@a a#ti!it3. lhi #=# iA- 'iHn hn #h( n3
,8# thoN mLn th< a#ti!it3 'hng th6 ?h5n ?hi ,8#. ZC[\] #h0 34- #W- hE tr8 thnh
?hWn Simit ConIition Attem?t Simit. ZC[\] 'hng 34- #W- hE tr8 #=# =nh gi= #@a b;t '
iA- 'iHn no IBa tr4n thi gian.
Attempt Limits
Z9 # nh1ng tr,ng h8? m ng,i ?h=t tri6n n$i I-ng m-n hn #h( s attem?t m hO#
!i4n ,8# ?hz? thB# hiHn tr4n m$t a#ti!it3. Qhnh ?hWn Simit ConIition Attem?t Simit #h.a
m$t s ng-34n 'hng 5m q=# :nh s attem?t l"n nh;t m$t # th6 =? IJng tr4n m$t a#t!it3
m Simit ConIition ,8# =? IJng. 7(- ng-i ?h=t tri6n n$i I-ng 'hng %t gi= tr: #ho Simit
ConIition Attem?t Simit s9 'hng # m$t r)ng b-$# no !A s attem?t t=# $ng tr4n a#ti!it3
Attempt AbsoIute Duration
Z9 # nh1ng t<nh h-ng m ng,i ?h=t tri6n n$i I-ng m-n hn #h( thi gian m m$t
attem?t # th6 t=# $ng tr4n m$t a#ti!it3. Qhnh ?hWn Attem?t Absol-te V-ration Simit #h.a
m$t gi= tr: q=# :nh 'hoNng thi gian l"n nh;t m hO# !i4n ,8# ?hz? thB# hiHn m$t attem?t
tr4n a#ti!it3 m Attem?t Absol-te V-ration Simit ,8# =? IJng. lhoNng thi gian n3 ,8#
tCnh t+ 'hi S]Z bpt W- 'hUi to attem?t tr4n a#ti!it3 #ho (n 'hi attem?t '(t th# 'hng
F-an t5m (n #=# a#tion #@a hO# !i4n ho%# hH thng. 7(- ng,i ?h=t tri6n n$i I-ng 'hng
%t m$t gi= tr: no !A Attem?t Absol-te V-ration Simit th< 'hng # hn #h( !A thi gian hO#
!i4n t,Mng t=# !"i a#ti!it3.
2.7.3.5 Cc ti nguyn ph
]$t a#ti!it3 # th6 # #=# ti ng-34n ?hJ i liAn !"i n nh)m #-ng #;? #ho hO# !i4n #=# I:#h
!: ! #=# ti ng-34n ?hJ.I]Z ZZ Z?e#ifi#ation 'hng %t b;t ' m$t 34- #W- no !A ng1
nghfa ho%# & nghfa #ho #=# ti ng-34n n3. iA- I-3 nh;t m I]Z ZZ Z?e#ifi#ation #-ng
#;? l m$t ?h,Mng tiHn 6 gpn #=# ti ng-34n ?hJ tr8 !"i m$t a#ti!it3. ZC[\] 'hng 34-
#W- S]Z ?hNi hE tr8 A-qiliar3 \eso-r#es. 7(- S]Z F-3(t :nh 6 thB# thi ho%# #-ng #;?
#=# ti ng-34n ?hJ tr8 th< 'hng # m$t Nm bNo no !A tCnh 'hN #h-36n.
2.7.3.6 M t Iut RoIIup
C=# a#ti!ities #l-ster 'hng gpn !"i #=# i t,8ng n$i I-ng (#ontent obve#ts)2 Io 'hng
# m$t #=#h trB# ti(? 6 #=# thng tin hO# tG? #@a hO# !i4n -8# =? IJng #ho m$t #l-ster
a#ti!it3. I]Z ZZ Z?e#ifi#ation #-ng #;? m$t #=#h 6 =? IJng #=# thng tin t,Mng t=# #@a hO#
!i4n !"i #=# i t,8ng n$i I-ng l4n #=# #l-ster a#ti!ities. l m$t tG? gDm b ho%# nhiA-
\oll-? \-les # th6 ,8# =? IJng #ho #l-ster a#ti!ties ! #=# l-Gt ,8# =nh gi= trong
s-t [!erall \oll-? `ro#ess. kL3 F-an s=t h<nh !9 I-"i 53.
C php Rollup Rule biu din trn hnh v l !i SconditionJsetT @rue <or Sc2ild
activity setT t2en SactionTF.
Cc iu kin RoIIup (RoIIup Conditions)
cs
Qhnh ?hWn \oll-? ConIitions #h.a m$t tG? #=# iA- 'iHn ,8# =nh gi= trong ng1 #Nnh
#@a mEi a#ti!it3 ,8# g$? !o trong =nh gi= \oll-? \-le. Qhnh ?hWn \oll-? ConIitions
#h.a m$t ho%# nhiA- hMn #=# thnh ?hWn \oll-? ConIition ,8# '(t h8? li b)ng #=#h sK
IJng ConIition Combination =? IJng #ho \oll-? \-le. ]Ei thnh ?hWn \oll-? ConIition ?hNi
l m$t trong #=# thnh !i4n #@a tG? t+ !Bng hn #h( (restri#teI !o#ab-lar3) ,8# F-3 :nh
nh, U bNng I,"i 53.
iu kin M t
ZatisfieI iA- 'iHn ,8# =nh gi= l Qr-e n(- Obective
Progress Status #@a [bve#ti!e li4n F-an (n
a#ti!it3 l Qr-e ! Obective Satisied Status #@a
obve#ti!e gpn liAn !"i a#ti!it3 l Qr-e
[bve#ti!e Ztat-s lnon iA- 'iHn ,8# =nh gi= l Qr-e n(- [bve#ti!e
`rogress Ztat-s #@a obve#ti!e li4n F-an (n
a#ti!it3 l Qr-e
[bve#ti!e ]eas-re
lnon
iA- 'iHn ,8# =nh gi= l Qr-e n(- Obective
Progress Status #@a obve#ti!e gpn liAn !"i a#ti!it3
l Qr-e ! Obective Measure Status #@a obve#ti!e
gpn liAn !"i a#ti!it3 l Qr-e.
Com?leteI iA- 'iHn ,8# =nh gi= l Qr-e n(- Attempt
Progress Status #@a a#ti!it3 l Qr-e ! Attempt
Completion Status #@a a#ti!it3 l Qr-e
A#ti!it3 `rogress lnon iA- 'iHn =nh gi= l Qr-e n(- Activity Progress
Status #@a a#ti!it3 l Qr-e ! Attempt Progress
Status #@a a#ti!it3 l Qr-e
Attem?teI iA- 'iHn ,8# =nh gi= l Qr-e n(- Activity
Progress Status #@a a#ti!it3 l Qr-e ! Activity
Attempt Count #@a a#ti!it3 l I,Mng
Attem?t Simit jq#eeIeI iA- 'iHn ,8# =nh gi= l Qr-e n(- Activity
Progress Status #@a a#ti!it3 l Qr-e ! Limit
Condition Attempt Limit Control #@a a#ti!it3 l Qr-e
! Activity Attempt Count #@a a#ti!it3 b)ng ho%#
l"n hMn Limit Condition Attempt Limit #@a a#ti!it3.
7e!er iA- 'iHn l-n ,8# #ho l malse
RoIIup Actions
Qhnh ?hWn n3 m tN hnh $ng mong m-n m n4n ,8# =? IJng trong #l-ster a#ti!it3
:nh nghfa \oll-? \-le. \oll-? A#tion ,8# =? IJng trong \oll-? Teha!ior n(- tG? iA- 'iHn
=? IJng #ho #=# a#ti!ities g$? trong =nh gi= roll-? nh, :nh nghfa trong Rollup Child
Activity Set l tr-e . \oll-? A#tion # th6 Nnh h,Ung m h<nh trng th=i theo Iwi #@a a#ti!it3
m \oll-? \-le ,8# gpn !"i2 nh, :nh nghfa U bNng I,"i 53.
RoIIup Action M t ca action
ZatisfieI (Iefa-lt
!al-e)
%tn
Obective Progress Status #ho obve#ti!e rolleI -? gpn
liAn !"i a#ti!it3 l Qr-e.
Obective Satisied Status
#@a rolleI -? a#ti!it3 gpn liAn !"i a#ti!it3 l Qr-e
7ot ZatisfieI %tn
Obective Progress Status
#@a rolleI -? obve#ti!e gpn liAn !"i a#ti!it3 l Qr-e.
Obective Satisied Status #@a rolleI -? obve#ti!e gpn
liAn !"i a#ti!it3 l malse.
Com?leteI %tn
Attempt Progress Status
#@a a#ti!it3 l Qr-e
Attempt Completion Status #@a a#ti!it3 lQr-e
In#om?lete %tn
{b
Attempt Progress Status #@a a#ti!it3 l Qr-e
Attempt Completion Status #@a a#ti!it3 %t l Qr-e
2.7.3.7 Cc iu khin roIIup
I]Z ZZ Z?e#ifi#ation #ho ?hz? m$t ng,i ?h=t tri6n n$i I-ng hn #h( # iA- 'iHn2 theo
m.# $ r$ng2 n(- m$t a#ti!it3 ng g? !o roll-? #@a m n. k<nh I,"i 53 s9 #h0 ra ba
loi thng tin theo Iwi trng th=i ,8# #ho ?hz? 6 hn #h( trong roll-?.
S Tn M t Kiu gi tr[ Gi tr[ mc
[nh
X Rollup Obective
Satisied
Ch0 ra qem
a#ti!it3 # ng
g? !o sB
=nh gi=
Satisied and
Not Satisied
Rollup Rules
#@a m n
Toolean Qr-e
a Rollup Obective
Measure Weight
]$t nh5n t #
gi= tr: =? IJng
!o Obective
Normalied
Measure #@a
obve#ti!e ( #
Obective
Contributes to
Rollup b)ng
Qr-e).
QhB# b..X.
ChCnh q=# Ct
nh;t c #h1 s
thG? ?h5n #
nghfa.
X.b
d Rollup Progress
Completion
Ch0 ra qem #
?hNi a#ti!it3
ng g? !o
=nh gi=
Completed and
Not Incomplete
Rollup Rules
#@a m n.
Toolean Qr-e
2.7.3.8 Cc iu khin xem xt roIIup
]%# :nh2 I]Z ZZ Z?e#ifi#ation 'hPng :nh r)ng t;t #N #=# a#ti!ities #on ,8# g$? !o trong
F-= tr<nh roll-? #@a b m tr+ 'hin
C=# a#ti!ities 'hng ,8# theo Iwi
C=# a#ti!ites 'hng ng g? !o trong mOi roll-? (L ni trong ?hWn \oll-?
Controls).
7(- a#ti!it3 ,8# g$? !o trong F-= tr<nh roll-? nh,ng thng tin trng th=i theo Iwi ,8#
=nh gi= l *-n'non/ ('hng rw)2 ! sa- trong a s #=# tr,ng h8? =nh gi= roll-? s9
# '(t F-N l *-n'non/. y-a F-= tr<nh tri6n 'hai ! ?hNn hDi t+ ?hCa #$ng Dng2 AVS ?h=t
hiHn ra nh, !G3 th< F-a nghi4m ng%t trong nhiA- hon #Nnh roll-? ha3 g%?. AVS :nh nghfa
m$t tG? \oll-? ConsiIeration Controls nh, :nh nghfa trong bNng I,"i 53 s9 gi? tinh
#h0nh li hMn n1a #=# iA- 'iHn m a#ti!it3 ng g? !o roll-? #@a m n.
2.7.3.9 M t mc tiu
lhi ,a I]Z ZZ Z?e#ifi#ation !o ZC[\]2 # m$t #M #h( #ho ?hz? gpn #=# mJ# ti4- hO#
tG? !"i a#ti!it3. ]$t a#ti!it3 # th6 m$t ho%# nhiA- hMn #=# mJ# ti4- gpn liAn !"i n. kL3
F-an s=t bNng I,"i 53 n
{X
S Tn M t MIn gi tr[ Gi tr[ mc
[nh
X Obective ID :nh Ianh #@a
mJ# ti4- gpn
liAn !"i a#ti!it3.
niF-e IIentifier lhng #
a Obective
Satisied by
Measure
Ch0 ra r)ng
Obective
Minimum
Satisied
Normalied
Measure ,8#
sK IJng trong
#=# ?h,Mng
th.# 'h=# 6
q=# :nh qem
obve#ti!e gpn
liAn !"i a#ti!it3
# th_a mLn ha3
'hng.
Toolean malse
d Obective
Minimum
Satisied
Normalied
Measure.
Ch0 ra gi= tr:
th_a mLn nh_
nh;t #ho m$t
mJ# ti4-. 7(-
o l,ng #@a
i t,8ng b)ng
ho%# !,8t F-=
ng,ng n3 th<
Obective
Satisied Status
s9 l Satisied
ng,8# li s9 l
Not Satisied
QhB# RX..X.
ChCnh q=# c #h1
s thG? ?h5n
X.b
c Obective
Contributes to
Rollup
Ch0 ra r)ng
Obective
Satisied Status
! Obective
Normalied
Measure #
,8# sK IJng
trong roll-?.
Toolean malse
2.7.3.10 Cc iu khin Ia chn
7g,i ?h=t tri6n n$i I-ng # 'hN ngng :nh nghfa #=# l-Gt q=# :nh th. tB #h0 ra 'hi no lBa
#hOn #=# ati!ities no ! hn #h( s a#ti!ities ,8# #hOn. 7 s9 ,8# #h0 ra U I,"i 53.
S Tn M t
Min gi
tr[
Gi tr[ mc
[nh
X Selection
Timing
Ch0 ra 'hi no m$t
lBa #hOn s9 qN3 ran
R Never2 Zle#tion
'hng bao gi ,8#
=? IJng t;t #N #=#
#on #@a a#ti!it3
,8# #hOn nh, m%#
:nh
R Once2 Zele#tion
,8# =? IJng tr,"#
attem?t W- ti4n #@a
a#ti!it3.
Yo#ab-lar3 7e!er
{a
ROn Eac2 NeU
Atte+pt2 Zele#tion
,8# =? IJng tr,"#
mEi attem?t m"i l4n
m$t a#t!it3.
]J# [n ja#h 7e
Attem?t ! #=# hnh
!i li4n F-an #@a n
'hng ,8# q=# :nh
trong ?hi4n bNn n3
#@a ZC[\].
a Selection Count
Status
Ch0 ra r)ng I1 liH-
(m lBa #hOn # &
nghfa #ho a#ti!it3.
boolean malse
d Selection Count Ch0 ra s #=#
a#ti!ities #on ?hNi
,8# lBa #hOn t+
m$t tG? #=# a#t!ities
#on gpn liAn !"i
a#ti!it3. 7(-
Selection Count l"n
hMn s a#ti!ities #on
th< t;t #N #=#
a#ti!ities #on ,8#
lBa #hOn. ii= tr: n3
s9 trU n4n 'hng tin
#G3 tr+ 'hi Selection
Count Status l Qr-e
boolean b
Ch & l Zele#tion Controls s9 'hng # & nghfa g< 'hi :nh nghfa tr4n m$t leaf
a#ti!it3.
2.7.3.11Cc iu khin ngu nhin ho
\anIomiation Controls m tN 'hi no ! #=# a#tion g< S]Z s9 lm 6 sp? q(? li #=# #on
hiHn # #@a #=# a#ti!ities #l-ster2 trong 'hi thB# hiHn nhiA- hnh !i q=# :nh th. tB 'h=#
nha-. 7h1ng ng,i ?h=t tri6n n$i I-ng # th6 =? IJng \anIomiation Controls #ho b;t '
m$t #l-ster no trong A#t!it3 Qree.
S M t M t Min gi tr[ Gi tr[ mc
[nh
X Randomiation
Timing
Ch0 ra 'hi no
!iH# sp? %t th.
tB #=# #on #@a
a#ti!it3 s9 qN3
ran
RNever2
\anIomiation
s9 'hng bao
gi ,8# =?
IJng
ROnce2
\anIomiation
,8# =? IJng
tr,"# attem?
W- ti4n t=#
$ng l4n
a#ti!it3.
ROn Each Ne
Attempt2
\anIomiation
Yo#ab-lar3 7e!er
{d
,8# =? IJng
tr,"# mEi
attem?t m"i t=#
$ng l4n
a#ti!it3.
a Randomie
Children
Ch0 ra th. tB
#@a #=#
a#ti!ities #on
,8# ngx-
nhi4n ha
boolean malse
C=# thnh ?hWn \anIomiation Controls 'hng t=# IJng 'hi :nh nghfa tr4n leaf a#ti!it3.
2.7.3.12Cc iu khin phn phi
Veli!er3 Controls m tN #=# a#tion S]Z s9 thB# hiHn tr,"# 'hi m$t attem?t tr4n a#ti!it3 bpt
W- ! sa- 'hi attem?t '(t th#. Veli!er3 Controls s9 ,8# Ing bUi S]Z gi? F-Nn l& thng
tin trng th=i theo Iwi #@a a#ti!it3.
S Tn M t Min gi tr[ Gi tr[ mc
[nh
X Qra#'eI Ch0 ra [bve#ti!e
`rogress Information
! A#ti!it3Attem?t
`rogress Information
#@a attem?t s9 ,8#
ghi ! thng tin s9
ng g? !o roll-?
#@a a#ti!it3 m2 tr+
'hi thng tin q=# :nh
th. tB 'h=# nggn n
boolean Qr-e
a Com?letion Zet
b3 Content
Ch0 ra qem # ?hNi
Attempt Completion
Status #ho a#ti!it3 s9
,8# %t bUi i
t,8ng n$i I-ng gpn
liAn !"i a#ti!it3
boolean malse
d [bve#ti!e Zet b3
Content
Ch0 ra Obective
Satisied Status #@a
mJ# ti4- gpn liAn !"i
a#ti!it3 # Obective
Contributes to Rollup
l Qr-e # ,8# %t
bUi i t,8ng n$i
I-ng li4n F-an !"i
a#ti!it3.
boolean malse
2.7.4 Cc hnh vi xc [nh th t
`hWn n3 m tN #=# hnh !i li4n F-an (n #=# F-= tr<nh q=# :nh th. tB 'h=# nha-. C=# F-=
tr<nh q=# :nh th. tB trong ZC[\] ,8# l;3 ra t+ #=# m tNt trong I]Z ZZ Z?e#ifi#ation.
C=# m tN I,"i 53 'hng # & :nh tha3 #=# m tN trong I]Z ZZ Z?e#ifi#ation m #h0 gi?
lm hi6- rw hMn #=# %# i6m ! %# tr,ng #hCnh #@a #=# F-= tr<nh. ]$t !i tr,ng h8? #Wn
thi(t2 ZC[\] ZeF-en#ing mU r$ng ho%# tha3 i m$t F-= tr<nh #@a I]Z ZZ. ] tN W3 @
s9 thng F-a ?hWn `se-Io CoIe ,8# tr<nh b3 sa- n3.
I]Z ZZ Z?e#ifi#ation bao gDm hai m h<nh I1 liH- =? IJng #ho mEi a#ti!it3 trong A#ti!it3
Qree R m$t m h<nh I1 liH- I-3 tr< trng th=i #@a m$t a#ti!it32 ! m$t m h<nh m tN IB :nh
q=# :nh th. tB #@a ng,i ?h=t tri6n n$i I-ng 'hi a#ti!it3 ,8# qK l&. Qh4m !o 2 m h<nh
{c
trng th=i ,8# :nh nghfa 6 I-3 tr< trng th=i #ho mEi a#ti!ities Mn lr ! #N A#ti!it3 Qree.
y-= tr<nh q=# :nh th. tB sK IJng thng tin t+ d m h<nh nh, :nh nghfa trong Teha!ior
`se-Io CoIe. C=# m h<nh I1 liH- ! sB F-an hH #@a n !"i #=# a#ti!ities ,8# tr<nh b3
nh, U I,"i 53n
Tracking ModeI R S;3 #=# thng tin th- thG? ,8# t+ #=# t,Mng t=# #@a hO# !i4n
!"i #=# i t,8ng n$i I-ng gpn liAn !"i #=# a#ti!ities. 53 l m$t m h<nh I1 liH-
$ng ( ,8# q53 IBng 'hi hO# !i4n t,Mng t=# !"i #=# i t,8ng n$i I-ng).
Activity State ModeI R y-Nn l& trng th=i q=# :nh th. tB #@a mEi a#ti!it3 trong
A#ti!it3 Qree ! trng th=i ton #J# #@a A#ti!it3 Qree. 53 l m$t m h<nh $ng sK
IJng bUi thB# thi q=# :nh th. tB #@a S]Z 6 F-Nn l& trng th=i #@a A#ti!it3 Qree
trong m$t ?hi4n q=# :nh th. tB.
Sequencing Definition ModeI ] tN #=# F-= tr<nh q=# :nh th. tB 'h=# nha-
,8# sK IJng ! I:#h #=# thng tin Qra#'ing ]oIel sang m$t lot #=# a#ti!ities #
th. tB 6 #-ng #;? #=# hnh !i q=# :nh th. tB ,8# :nh nghfa. Qh,ng th<2 53 l
m$t m h<nh I1 liH- tfnh m tN IB :nh q=# :nh th. tB #@a ng,i ?h=t tri6n n$i
I-ng.
C=# hnh !i q=# :nh th. tB th< $# lG? !"i nha-2 nh,ng A- hot $ng IBa tr4n ba tG? I1
liH- L m tN U tr4n. [!erall ZeF-en#ing `ro#ess :nh nghfa t;t #N #=# hnh !i q=# :nh th.
tB F-an hH !"i nha- nh, th( no trong ng1 #Nnh #@a sequencing session ! sequencing
loop.
2.7.4.1 M hnh theo di
6 #ho ?hz? q=# :nh th. tB # iA- 'iHn #@a #=# a#ti!ities2 thng tin !A t,Mng t=# #@a hO#
!i4n !"i #=# i t,8ng n$i I-ng L ,8# ?h5n ?hi gpn liAn !"i #=# a#ti!ities ?hNi ,8# I-3
tr< ! F-Nn l&. I]Z ZZ Z?e#ifi#ation q=# :nh m$t m h<nh theo Iwi ?hNi ,8# I-3 tr< #ho mEi
a#ti!it3 trong A#t!it3 Qree. QG? #=# thnh ?hWn m h<nh I1 liH- m tN thng tin theo Iwi ,8#
gOi l Qra#'ing ]oIel. ZC[\] 'hng %t m$t 34- #W- !A #=# tra#'ing moIel ,8# bi6- Ii}n
ho%# F-Nn l& ra sao. ZB thB# thi q=# :nh th. tB ,8# 34- #W- ?hNi t-5n theo ZeF-en#ing
`se-Io CoIe s9 A #G? sa- n3. C=# thB# thi #>ng tB Io 6 F-Nn l& ! ti ,- #=# thng tin
theo Iwi mi}n l t-5n theo #=# =nh gi= *hatRif/ #@a trng th=i A#ti!it3 Qree.
Tng quan
Qrong #=# ?hi4n bNn tr,"# #@a ZC[\]2 m h<nh I1 liH- I-3 nh;t ,8# q=# :nh l ZC[\]
\-nRQime jn!ironment Vata ]oIel. Qhng tin n3 Ing 6 theo Iwi t,Mng t=# #@a hO# !i4n
!"i ZC[. Y"i sB ,a !o q=# :nh th. tB2 m$t m h<nh I1 liH- n1a ,8# q=# :nh #ho S]Z
6 F-Nn l& Qra#'ing ]oIel. Qra#'ing ]oIel l m$t tG? #=# #=# thng tin trng th=i q=# :nh
th. tB $ng gpn liAn !"i mEi a#ti!it3 trong A#ti!it3 Qree #ho mEi hO# !i4n. C=# gi= tr: m%#
:nh #ho #=# thnh ?hWn #@a Qra#'ing ]oIel ,8# :nh nghfa tr,"# (gi= tr: m%# :nh). Qrong
m$t learning eq?erien#e2 #=# thnh ?hWn Qra#'ing ]oIel s9 ,8# #G? nhGt 6 ?hNn =nh #=#
t,Mng t=# #@a hO# !i4n !"i i t,8ng n$i I-ng L ,8# ?h5n ?hi.
ZC[\] \Qj Vata ]oIel :nh nghfa trong #-n s=#h ZC[\] \Qj ,8# sK IJng bUi ZC[
6 trao i thng tin !A t,Mng t=# #@a hO# !i4n !"i #=# i t,8ng n$i I-ng nh, trng th=i2
i6m. ]$t !i thnh ?hWn ZC[\] \Qj Vata ]oIel t,Mng .ng trB# ti(? !"i #=# thnh ?hWn
trong Qra#'ing ]oIel.
T53 gi #hng ta i qzt m$t !C IJ #J th6 !A Qra#'ing ]oIel. Ch & l t;t #N #=# a#ti!ities #
thng tin trng th=i theo Iwi t,Mng .ng gpn !"i mEi hO# !i4n t,Mng t=# a#ti!it3. i !"i
nh1ng a#ti!ities # gpn liAn !"i #=# ZC[2 S]Z s9 thB# hiHn F-Nn l& m h<nh theo Iwi IBa
tr4n thng tin trao i bUi ZC[. Y"i asset th< s9 'h=# i #ht nh, #hng ta s9 th;3 U ?hWn
sa- n3.
Qha3 i trong gi= tr: #=# thnh ?hWn m h<nh theo Iwi s9 Nnh h,Ung (n thng tin trng th=i
theo Iwi m #@a a#ti!it3. 7h, ta L A #G? trong ?hWn ZeF-en#ing Vefinition ]oIel2 F-=
tr<nh =nh gi= trng th=i theo Iwi #@a m$t a#ti!it3 IBa tr4n m$t tha3 i trng th=i #@a m$t
trong #=# #on #@a n gOi l roll-?. Qra#'ing ]oIel m tN thng tin #Wn ,8# I-3 tr< bUi m$t
{{
hH thng nh)m ?h5n ?hi #=# a#ti!ities hO# tG? # th. tB. ]$t S]Z ?hNi # @ 'hN ngng 6
I-3 tr< thng tin theo Iwi #ho mEi a#ti!it3 ,8# :nh nghfa i !"i ZC[2 S]Z ?hNi # 'hN
ngng =nh q I1 liH- thB# thi #@a ZC[ sang #=# thnh ?hWn tra#'ing moIel h8? l&. ] h<nh
theo Iwi :nh nghfa m$t tG? #=# thng trng th=i theo Iwi nh, sa-n
Objective Progress Informationn ] tN F-= tr<nh hO# tG? #@a hO# !i4n li4n F-an (n
mJ# ti4- hO# tG? (learning obve#ti!e).
Activity Progress Informationn ] tN F-= tr<nh hO# tG? #@a hO# !i4n tr4n m$t
a#ti!it3. Qhng tin m tN F-= tr<nh hO# tG? #@a hO# !i4n thng F-a t;t #N #=# attem?t
tr4n a#ti!it3.
Attempt Progress Informationn ] tN F-= tr<nh hO# tG? #@a hO# !i4n tr4n m$t
a#ti!it3. Qhng tin n3 m tN mEi F-= tr<nh attem?t tr4n m$t a#ti!it3.
Activity State Informationn ] tN trng th=i #@a mEi a#ti!it3 tr4n m$t A#ti!it3 Qree
.ng !"i mEi hO# !i4n.
2.7.4.2 Qu trnh xc [nh th t tng th
Qhng tin trong ?hWn n3 #h0 # & nghfa l b s-ng 'hng tha3 th( [!erall `ro#ess Teha!ior
trong I]Z ZZ Z?e#ifi#ation. [!erall ZeF-en#ing `ro#ess #-ng #;? F-= tr<nh iA- 'hi6n ton
b$ #ho !iH# thB# thi q=# :nh th. tB #@a S]Z. 7 :nh nghfa #=# hnh !i q=# :nh th. tB
'h=# nha- ,8# =? IJng trong ng1 #Nnh #@a m$t ?hi4n q=# :nh th. tB. [!erall ZeF-en#ing
`ro#ess bao gDm #=# hnh !i sa-n
Navigation Behavior ] tN m$t 34- #W- I-3Ht ,8# 'i6m tra tCnh ng pn !
I:#h sang #=# 34- #W- q=# :nh th. tB ! '(t th# nh, th( no.
Termination Behavior ] tN attem?t hiHn thi tr4n m$t a#ti!it3 '(t th# nh, th(
no2 trng th=i #@a A#ti!it3 Qree ,8# #G? nhGt nh, th( no2 ! n(- m$t !i a#tion s9
,8# thB# hiHn trong 'hi '(t th# attem?t.
RoIIup Behavior ] tN thng tin theo Iwi #ho #=# #l-ster a#ti!ities ,8# rt ra t+
#=# a#ti!ities #on nh, th( no
SeIection and Randomization Behavior ] tN #=# a#ti!ities trong m$t #l-ster
,8# qem qzt nh, th( no trong 'hi qK l& m$t 34- #W- q=# :nh th. tB.
Sequencing Behavior ] tN m$t 34- #W- q=# :nh th. tB ,8# qK l& nh, th( no
tr4n m$t A#ti!it3 Qree trong nE lB# q=# :nh a#ti!it3 *ti(? theo/ 6 ?h5n ?hi.
DeIivery Behavior ] tN m$t a#ti!it3 q=# :nh 6 ?h5n ?hi ,8# 'i6m tra tCnh
ng pn nh, th( no2 ! S]Z s9 F-Nn l& !iH# ?h5n ?hi m$t a#ti!it3 h8? l& nh, th(
no.
Sequencing Loop
V,"i 53 l #=# b,"# trong m$t !ung l%? q=# :nh th. tB (ZeF-en#ing Soo?).
Bt u phin xc [nh th t
X. kO# !i4n bpt W- tr-3 nhG? !o S]Z (nh, tr-3 #G? hH thng login) ! thi(t lG? m$t
ng1 #Nnh trong Mn !: giNng I3 #J th6 (!C IJ #hOn #-a hO#2 m$t t #h.# n$i I-ng).
a. S]Z 'hUi to qK l& b)ng #=#h gOi #=# 34- #W- I-3Ht Start2 Resume All2 ho%# Choice.
d. Navigation Behavior I:#h #=# 34- #W- Start2 Resume All2 ! Choice sang #=# 34-
#W- q=# :nh th. tB h8? l& ! qK l& n. `hi4n q=# :nh th. tB bpt W- #hCnh th.# 'hi
m$t a#ti!it3 ,8# q=# :nh 6 ?h5n ?hi R t.# l a#ti!it3 !,8t F-a thnh #ng
ZeF-en#ing Soo?.
Bt u ca mt Sequencing Loop
c. VBa tr4n 34- #W- q=# :nh th. tB ! sK IJng thng tin trong m h<nh theo Iwi trng
th=i ! m h<nh :nh nghfa q=# :nh th. tB2 ZeF-en#ing Teha!ior I-3Ht A#ti!it3 Qree
6 :nh !: m$t a#ti!it3 thC#h h8? 6 ?h5n ?hi #ho hO# !i4n. 7(- 'hng # a#ti!it3 no
,8# q=# :nh 6 ?h5n ?hi th< [!erall ZeF-en#ing `ro#ess I+ng ! 8i 34- #W-
I-3Ht 'h=#2 t.# l nhN3 t"i b,"# s.
{. Veli!er3 Teha!ior q=# :nh n(- a#ti!it3 q=# :nh # th6 ,8# ?h5n ?hi ! n(- nh,
!G32 #h-^n b: 6 t<m 'i(m ! hi6n th: i t,8ng n$i I-ng gpn liAn !"i a#ti!it3 #ho hO#
!i4n. 7(- a#ti!it3 q=# :nh 'hng th6 ?h5n ?hi2 th< [!erall ZeF-en#ing `ro#ess
I+ng ! 8i #ho (n 'hi # m$t 34- #W- I-3Ht m"i R 7hN3 t"i b,"# s.
{~
~. kO# !i4n t,Mng t=# !"i i t,8ng n$i I-ng. C=# F-= tr<nh q=# :nh th. tB s9
t. tm ngh0 ! 8i #=# 34- #W- 'h=# trong 'hi hO# !i4n t,Mng t=# !"i i t,8ng n$i
I-ng.
. i t,8ng n$i I-ng # th6 thng b=o #=# gi= tr: m #G? nhGt #=# thnh ?hWn m h<nh
theo Iwi 'h=# nha- trong 'hi hO# !i4n t,Mng t=# !"i n.
s. kO# !i4n2 i t,8ng n$i I-ng2 ho%# hH thng 'C#h hot m$t sB 'iHn I-3Ht2 #hPng hn
nh, Contin-e2 `re!io-s2 Choose a#ti!it3 2 AbonIan2 jqit|
Xb. S]Z thng b=o thB# thi q=# :nh th. tB #@a n #@a sB 'iHn I-3Ht b)ng #=#h ,a ra
m$t 34- #W- I-3Ht. 7a!igation Teha!ior I:#h m$t 34- #W- I-3Ht sang m$t 34- #W-
'(t th# ! m$t 34- #W- q=# :nh th. tB. 7(- 34- #W- I-3Ht #h0 ra r)ng hO# !i4n
m-n '(t th# attem?t #@a hO tr4n g# #@a a#ti!it3 g# #@a Activity Tree2 ?hi4n q=#
:nh th. tB '(t th# (hnh !i '(t th# ?hi4n q=# :nh th. tB ! I-3 tr< tCnh thng nh;t
#@a m h<nh trng th=i a#ti!it3 'hng ,8# q=# :nh ! Inh #ho !iH# thB# thi F-3(t
:nh).
XX. 7(- i t,8ng n$i I-ng 'C#h hot 34- #W- q=# :nh th. tB b)ng #=#h '(t th#2 n #
th6 thng b=o #=# gi= tr: b s-ng #ho Tracking Model. 7E lB# tr4n a#ti!it3 '(t th#.
Rollup Behavior ,8# 'C#h hot 6 q=# :nh #=# Nnh h,Ung #@a #=# tha3 i trng
th=i qN3 ra bUi !< #=# t,Mng t=# #@a hO# !i4n !"i i t,8ng n$i I-ng. Rollup Behavior
#G? nhGt m h<nh trng th=i theo Iwi #@a a#ti!it3 ! b;t ' #=# a#ti!ities t ti4n trong
Activity Tree.
Sequencing Loop l%? li2 bpt W- t+ b,"# c2 #ho (n 'hi ?hi4n q=# :nh th. tB #h;m I.t.
2.7.4.3 Navigation Behavior
7a!igation Teha!ior l W- !o #hCnh #@a [!erall ZeF-en#ing `ro#ess. 7 #-ng #;?
?h,Mng tiHn #ho hO# !i4n ! #=# #h@ :nh #@a hH thng ,8# trao i thng tin bUi thB# thi
q=# :nh th. tB #@a S]Z. C=# sB 'iHn b4n ngoi m #h0 :nh m$t IB :nh I-3Ht ,8# gOi l
7a!igation j!ents. `h,Mng tiHn 6 'C#h hot nh1ng sB 'iHn ,8# gOi l 7a!igation
Controls. S]Z s9 #h:- tr=#h nhiHm qK l& #=# 7a!igation j!ents ! 'C#h hot sB thB# thi q=#
:nh th. tB #@a n !"i m$t 34- #W- I-3Ht t,Mng .ng.
Navigation Events
7a!igation j!ents l #=# sB 'iHn b4n ngoi ('hi so !"i sB thB# thi q=# :nh th. tB #@a S]Z)
#h0 ra IB :nh #@a hO# !i4n ho%# hH thng m-n I-3Ht thng F-a n$i I-ng theo m$t #=#h
th.# no . 7h1ng sB 'iHn n3 ,8# 'C#h hot th,ng bUi hO# !i4n F-a #=# iA- 'hi6n
giao IiHn2 t-3 nhi4n S]Z #>ng tB Io 6 'C#h hot #=# sB 'iHn I-3Ht. lhi m$t sB 'iHn I-3Ht
,8# ?h=t hiHn2 S]Z ?hNi trN li theo m$t trong hai #=#hn
X. T_ F-a sB 'iHn S]Z s9 b_ F-a sB 'iHn I-3Ht m !iH# qK l& s9 'hng mang li '(t
F-N no #N. YC IJ2 hO# !i4n ang t,Mng t=# !"i i t,8ng n$i I-ng gpn liAn !"i leaf
a#ti!it3 #-i #ng #@a A#ti!it3 Qree2 mong m-n 6 ti(? tJ# (n item ti(? theo s9
'hng #-ng #;? b;t #. n$i I-ng no 6 ?h5n ?hi S]Z s9 ?hNi b_ F-a sB 'iHn
I-3Ht Contin-e.
a. Z9 sinh ra m$t 34- #W- I-3Ht S]Z ?hNi I:#h sB 'iHn I-3Ht sang 34- #W- I-3Ht
t,Mng .ng ! 'C#h hot [!erall ZeF-en#ing `ro#ess.
Navigation ControIs
7a!igation #ontrols l #=# giao IiHn ng,i Ing #-ng #;? ?h,Mng tiHn #ho hO# !i4n 6 #h0
:nh mong m-n 6 I-3Ht i t+ C-rrent A#ti!it3 theo m$t #=#h th.# #J th6. ZC[\] 'hng
%t m$t 34- #W- no !A S]Z ! n$i I-ng !A #=# na!igation #ontrols no s9 ?hNi hi6n th:2
#hng ,8# tr<nh Ii}n nh, th( no2 #hng ,8# 'C#h hOat nh, th( no ho%# #=# sB 'iHn g<
#hng 'C#h hot. Chng ta s9 ni #J th6 hMn U ?hWn ZC[\] 7a!igation ]oIel.
Cc yu cu duyt
[!erall ZeF-en#ing `ro#ess bpt W- 'hi m$t 34- #W- I-3Ht ,8# %t ra #ho !iH# thB# thi q=#
:nh th. tB #@a S]Z. ]$t 'hi 34- #W- I-3Ht ,8# %t ra2 hnh !i nh, :nh nghfa trong
ZeF-en#ing `se-Io CoIe ,8# =? IJng (s9 A #G? sa-).
Navigation Request Process (X I yu cu duyt)
7a!igation \eF-est `ro#ess ,8# 'C#h hot trong [!erall ZeF-en#ing `ro#ess2 nh,ng n
#>ng # th6 'C#h hot trB# ti(? bUi S]Z. 7 #h;? nhGn m$t 34- #W- I-3Ht ! # th6 trN !A
{t
m$t ngoi lH2 m$t 34- #W- q=# :nh th. tB2 ho%# m$t 34- #W- '(t th# ! m$t 34- #W- q=#
:nh th. tB. ]$t 34- #W- I-3Ht Choi#e2 `re!io-s2 Contin-e ng pn s9 trN !A m$t 34- #W-
q=# :nh th. tB t,Mng .ng. Qh4m !o n(- C-rrent A#ti!it3 l a#ti!e2 m$t 34- #W- #h;m
I.t jqit 6 '(t th# attem?t hiHn thi tr4n C-rrent A#ti!it3. C=# 34- #W- I-3Ht jqit2 jqit All2
Z-s?enI2 AbanIon2 AbanIon All s9 ,a ra m$t 34- #W- '(t th# t,Mng .ng ! m$t 34- #W-
q=# :nh th. tB jqit. C=# 34- #W- I-3Ht s9 '(t th# attem?t tr4n C-rrent A#ti!it3 ! # th6 '(t
th# #N ?hi4n q=# :nh th. tB.
2.7.4.4 Termination Behavior
Termination Behavior # hai mJ# C#hn '(t th# attem?t hiHn ti tr4n Current Activity ! Nm
bNo r)ng trng th=i #@a A#ti!it3 Qree trong trng th=i #G? nhGt nh;t # th6. Termination
Behavior hot $ng IBa tr4n m$t 34- #W- '(t th#. 7 # th6 #h-36n Current Activity ! #
th6 trN !A m$t 34- #W- q=# :nh th. tB.7 F-an trOng 6 ?h5n biHt gi1a m$t a#ti!it3 ang tDn
ti ! i t,8ng n$i I-ng gpn liAn !"i a#ti!it3 ,8# IOn i. i t,8ng n$i I-ng gpn liAn !"i
a#ti!it3 ,8# IOn i nh, th( no th< n)m ngoi tWm #@a ZC[\] ZC[\] #h0 34- #W- ZC[
gOi ?h,Mng th.# A`I Terminate() tr,"# 'hi '(t th#.
CJ th6 hMn2 C-rrent A#ti!it3 tho=t 'hi trN li m$t 34- #W- '(t th# n(- C-rrent A#ti!t3 l
a#ti!e. QhB# thi q=# :nh th. tB #@a S]Z ?hNi Nm bNo r)ng 'hi C-rrent A#ti!it3 tho=t 'h_i
th< A#ti!it3 Qree n)m trong trng th=i #G? nhGt nh;t tr,"# 'hi S]Z qK l& b;t ' m$t 34- #W-
q=# :nh th. tB no. Q-3 nhi4n 'hi a#ti!it3 tho=t # th6 'zo theo i t,8ng n$i I-ng gpn liAn
!"i n i nga3 6 Nm bNo tCnh ng pn #@a !iH# thB# thi q=# :nh th. tB #@a S]Z.
Termination Requests
7i #h-ng th< m$t 34- #W- #h;m I.t #h0 ra r)ng attem?t hiHn thi tr4n C-rrent A#ti!it3 ?hNi
'(t th# C-rrent A#ti!it3 trU n4n ina#ti!e. I]Z ZZ Z?e#ifi#ation q=# :nh m$t tG? #=# 34-
#W- #h;m I.t2 mEi 34- #W- s9 # hnh !i ri4ng m$t S]Z t-5n theo ZC[\] ?hNi hE tr8 #=#
34- #W- n3. V,"i 53 l bNng tm tpt #=# 34- #W- #h;m I.t.
u cu chm dt Hnh ng
Exit Attem?t hiHn thi tr4n A#ti!it3 '(t th# b<nh
th,ng attem?t '(t th#
Exit All C=# attem?ts hiHn thi tr4n #=# a#ti!e a#ti!ities
(t+ g# (n C-rrent Attem?t) ,8# '(t th# b<nh
th,ng #=# attem?t '(t th#.
Suspend All C=# attem?t hiHn thi tr4n #=# a#ti!e a#ti!ities (t+
g# (n C-rrent A#ti!it3) b: I+ng li. Attem?t tr4n
C-rrent A#ti!it3 # th6 ,8# ?hJ# hDi li.
Abandon Attem?t hiHn thi tr4n Current Activity b: '(t th#
b;t th,ng ! a#ti!it3 'hng ,8# hon thnh.
Attem?t 'hng th6 ?hJ# hDi li. lhng # #M #h(
6 l;3 li I1 liH-.
Abandon All C=# attem?t hiHn thi tr4n a#ti!e a#ti!ities (t+ g#
(n Current Activity) b: '(t th# b;t th,ng !
#=# a#ti!ities 'hng ,8# hon thnh. C=#
attem?t tr4n #=# a#t!ities b: b_ rMi s9 'hng 'hi
?hJ# li ,8#. C=# I1 liH- #>ng 'hi ?hJ# ,8#.
2.7.4.5 RoIIup Behavior
]$t tG? #=# thng tin trng th=i theo Iwi gpn liAn !"i mEi attem?t tr4n mEi a#ti!it3 ,8# :nh
nghfa nh, trong Qra#'ing ]oIel. ]Ei leaf a#ti!it3 trong A#ti!it3 Qree theo Iwi t,Mng t=# #@a
hO# !i4n !"i i t,8ng n$i I-ng gpn liAn !"i a#ti!it3. ZC[ # th6 trao i thng tin trng th=i2
m ,8# Ing 6 t=# $ng (n thng tin trng th=i theo Iwi #@a a#ti!it3. C=# asset 'hng
trao i thng tin trng th=i. Qhng tin q=# :nh th. tB # th6 ,8# =? IJng #ho #=# a#ti!ities
gpn liAn !"i #=# i t,8ng n$i I-ng nh, !G3 b)ng #=#h sK IJng [bve#ti!e Zet b3 Content l
{
malse ho%# Com?letion Zet b3 Content l malse trong #=# tr,ng h8? nh, !G32 thB# thi q=#
:nh th. tB #@a S]Z s9 %t trB# ti(? thng tin trng th=i theo Iwi #@a a#ti!it3 t,Mng .ng.
Cl-ster nh, ta L ni 'hng th6 #-ng #;? #=# i t,8ng n$i I-ng ! 'hng # #=#h no 6
thi(t lG? trB# ti(? thng tin trng th=i #@a n. Qrng th=i #@a #l-ster a#ti!it3 ?hJ th-$# !o
trng th=i #@a #=# #on #@a n F-= tr<nh =nh gi= thng tin trng th=i #@a #l-ster ,8# gOi l
*roll-?/. kL3 F-an s=t h<nh !9 I,"i 53n
Hnh v trn chi ra cluster activity AA c 3 activity con l AAA, AAB, v AAC. Thng tin trng thi ca
activity AAA doc dnh gi dua trn thng tin trng thi ca cc con l AAA, AAB, v AAC.
Qh-Gt ng1 *\oll-?/ b53 gi ,8# hi6- l *y-= tr<nh =nh gi= q=# :nh thng tin trng th=i #@a
a#ti!it3 IBa tr4n thng tin trng th=i #@a #=# #on #@a n/. Qh-Gt ng1 n3 #>ng Dng nghfa
!"i *A??l3 the [!erall \oll-? `ro#ess/.
2.7.4.6 SeIection & Randomization Behvior
Zele#tion anI \anIomiation `ro#ess m tN m$t !i tG? #on (# th6 l t;t #N) #@a #=# #on
#@a #l-ster ,8# lBa #hOn ! 'hi tG? #on ,8# sp? q(? li. 7h1ng F-= tr<nh n3 Nnh
h,Ung (n #=# a#ti!ities m ang sn # ! # th6 ,8# qem qzt2 trong F-= tr<nh q=# :nh
th. tB 'h=# nha-. 4- #W- I-3 nh;t %t ra i !"i S]Z t-5n theo ZC[\] l Zele#tion anI
\anIomiation `ro#esses # th6 ,8# =? IJng m$t #=#h thng nh;t #ho #=# th-$# tCnh thi
gian #@a #=# thnh ?hWn m h<nh :nh nghfa q=# :nh th. tB li4n F-an.
Never lhng bao gi =? IJng Zele#tion or \anIomiation `ro#esses. Q;t #N #=#
a#ti!ities #on l-n l-n ,8# qem qzt theo th. tB :nh nghfa l# ?h=t tri6n n$i I-ng.
Once h? IJng Zele#tion or \anIomiatin `ro#ess m$t lWn trong ?hi4n q=# :nh th.
tB hiHn thi. iA- n3 ?hNi qN3 ra tr,"# #=# #on #@a #l-ster # th6 ,8# qem qzt
trong b;t ' m$t qK l& hnh !i q=# :nh th. tB no. ]$t S]Z s9 =? IJng lBa #hOn !
ngx- nhi4n ho= t"i t;t #N #=# a#ti!ities !"i s lWn ,8# F-3 :nh (X lWn) tr,"# 'hi bpt
W- ?hi4n q=# :nh th. tB.
On Each Ne Attempt h? IJng Zele#tion anI \anIomiation `ro#esses trong
ho%# tr,"# mEi attem?t m"i tr4n a#ti!it3. 6 Nm bNo r)ng tG? #=# #on sn # thng
nh;t ! #hCnh q=# ,8# sK IJng trong F-= tr<nh roll-? ! #=# qK l& ZeF-en#ing
Teha!ior2 m$t S]Z s9 th,ng =? IJng lBa #hOn ! ngx- nhi4n ho= #ho m$t a#ti!it3
tr,"# attem?t W- ti4n tr4n a#ti!it3 bpt W- ! sa- 'hi (trong jnI Attem?t `ro#ess)
m$t attem?t tr4n a#ti!it3 '(t th#.
SeIect ChiId Process
Zele#tion ChilIren `ro#ess #ho ?hz? ng,i ?h=t tri6n n$i I-ng g$? nhiA- hMn #=# a#ti!ities
trong m$t #l-ster hMn l 34- #W- ?hNi =? .ng m$t #hi(n l,8# hO# tG?. iA- n3 #ho ?hz?
#=# hO# !i4n 'h=# nha- t,Mng t=# #=# a#ti!ities 'h=# nha-. 7g,i ?h=t tri6n n$i I-ng # th6
:nh nghfa m$t tG? #=# a#ti!ities #@a #l-ster # th6 bi6- Ii}n #ho hO# !i4n. y-= tr<nh lBa
#hOn #hOn ra m$t s ,8# :nh nghfa tr,"# #=# a#ti!ities #on2 I-3 tr< trng th=i t,Mng i
{s
#@a n. C=# a#t!ities ,8# lBa #hOn l #=# a#ti!ities I-3 nh;t ,8# qem qzt trong #=# F-=
tr<nh q=# :nh th. tB 'h=# nha-.
Randomize ChiIdren Process
Randomie Children Process #ho ?hz? ng,i ?h=t tri6n n$i I-ng tha3 i th. tB trong
#=# a#ti!ities ,8# t,Mng t=# bUi m$t hO# !i4n2 nh, l 34- #W- 6 =? .ng m$t !i #hi(n
l,8# hO# tG?. 7 # th6 #ho ?hz? #=# hO# !i4n 'h=# nha- t,Mng t=# #ng m$t tG? #=# ti
ng-34n hO# tG? ging nha- theo #=# th. tB 'h=# nha-. 7g,i ?h=t tri6n n$i I-ng # th6 :nh
nghfa r)ng #=# a#ti!ities sn # (,8# :nh nghfa trong Zele#tion ChilIren `ro#ess) ,8#
tha3 i th. tB li m$t #=#h ngx- nhi4n. y-= tr<nh ngx- nhi4n ho= 'hng tha3 i #=#
a#ti!ities no ,8# #h.a trong tG? #=# a#ti!ities sn #2 n #h0 sp? q(? li #hng. C=# F-=
tr<nh q=# :nh th. tB 'h=# nha- s9 qem qzt #=# #on #@a a#ti!it3 theo th. tB :nh nghfa bUi
\anIomie ChilIren `ro#ess.
2.7.4.7 Sequencing Behavior
knh !i m tN trong ?hWn n3 l #M bNn i !"i ZC[\] ZeF-en#ing. ]J# C#h #@a hnh !i
q=# :nh th. tB l2 !"i trng th=i hiHn ti #@a A#ti!it3 Qree2 # gpng q=# :nh a#ti!it3 ti(? theo
6 ?h5n ?hi b)ng #=#h I-3Ht F-a A#ti!it3 Qree theo m$t !i #=#h th.# q=# :nh tr,"# t+
C-rrent A#ti!it32 ho%# nE lB# 6 'hUi to m$t ?hi4n q=# :nh th. tB m"i b)ng #=#h q=# :nh
a#ti!it3 W- ti4n ?h5n ?hi #ho hO# !i4n. lhng # qK l& q=# :nh th. tB no tha3 i trng
th=i #@a A#ti!it3 Qree #hng 'hng tha3 i C-rrent A#ti!it3 ho%# Nnh h,Ung b;t ' thng tin
trng th=i theo Iwi #@a a#ti!it3. ZeF-en#ing Teha!ior giN :nh trng th=i #@a A#ti!it3 Qree l
#G? nhGt nh;t !o thi i6m ZeF-en#ing \eF-est `ro#ess ,8# 'C#h hot. 7(- ZeF-en#ing
Teha!ior ,8# 'C#h hot nh, l m$t ?hWn #@a [!erall ZeF-en#ing `ro#ess2 # th6
ZeF-en#ing Teha!ior 'hng q=# :nh ,8# a#ti!it3 6 ?h5n ?hi.
Cc yu cu xc [nh th t (Sequencing Requests)
S]Z t-5n theo ZC[\] ?hNi # th6 qK l& #=# 34- #W- q=# :nh th. tB sa- ! ,a ra
#=# hnh !i t,Mng .ng nh, :nh nghfa trong bNng I,"i 53
Sequencing Request Sequencing Request Subprocess
Start Start Sequencing Request Subprocess
Resume All Resume All Sequencing Request Subprocess
Continue Continue Sequencing Request Subprocess
Previous Previous Sequencing Request Subprocess
Choice Choice Sequencing Request Subprocess
Retry Retry Sequencing Request Subprocess
Exit Exit Sequencing Request Subprocess
Sequencing Request Process
[!erall ZeF-en#ing `ro#ess thB# thi ZeF-en#ing \eF-est `ro#ess !"i m$t 34- #W- q=# :nh
th. tB q-;t ?h=t t+ ho%# 7a!igation `ro#ess ho%# Qermination Teha!ior. l(t F-N #@a
ZeF-en#ing \eF-est `ro#ess l q=# :nh a#ti!it3 ti(? theo ?h5n ?hi #ho hO# !i4n n ,8#
gOi l 34- #W- ?h5n ?hi. ZeF-en#ing \eF-est `ro#ess 'C#h hot seF-en#ing s-b?ro#ess
h8? l& IBa tr4n 34- #W- q=# :nh th. tB 8i. Q;t #N #=# seF-en#ing s-b?ro#ess bpt W- qK
l& ti C-rrent A#ti!it32 nga3 #N 'hi C-rrent A#ti!it3 'hng q=# :nh (Start2 ! Resume All).
QhB# thi tB Io 'C#h hot ZeF-en#ing \eF-est `ro#ess ngoi ng1 #Nnh #@a [!erall
ZeF-en#ing `ro#ess. y-= tr<nh thB# thi Overall Sequencing Process s9 ,8# m tN thng
F-a ZeF-en#ing Teha!ior `se-Io CoIe.
2.7.4.8 DeIivery Behavior
Veli!er3 Teha!ior :nh nghfa b,"# #-i #ng trong [!erall ZeF-en#ing `ro#ess. ]J# C#h
#@a Ieli!er3 beha!ior l2 !"i m$t 34- #W- ?h5n ?hi ,8# q=# inh tr,"#2 =nh gi= tCnh ng
pn #@a 34- #W- 2 n(- ng ?h5n ?hi m$t i t,8ng n$i I-ng thC#h h8?. S]Z ?hNi q=#
:nh2 sK IJng gi n$i I-ng2 i t,8ng n$i I-ng li4n F-an 6 ?h5n ?hi a#ti!it3 ,8# q=#
:nh. 7(- Veli!er3 Teha!ior ,8# 'C#h hot nh, l m$t ?hWn #@a [!erall ZeF-en#ing
`ro#ess2 # th6 34- #W- ?h5n ?hi l 'hng ng. ]$t trong #=# mJ# C#h #@a ZC[\] l
#=# i t,8ng n$i I-ng # th6 sK IJng li ,8# ! 'hN #h-36n thng F-a nhiA- S]Z. 6 #
th6 thB# hiHn ,8# nh, !G32 l-n # m$t #=#h #h-ng 6 bpt W- #=# attem?t tr4n a#ti!it3.
~b
Content Veli!er3 jn!ironment `ro#ess :nh nghfa m$t #W- ni gi1a thB# thi q=# :nh th. tB
#@a S]Z ! #M #h( ?h5n ?hi #@a ZC[\]. 7 F-Nn l& trng th=i #@a A#ti!it3 Qree :nh
nghfa 8i ?h5n ?hi #@a i t,8ng n$i I-ng ! q=# :nh ti ng-34n hO# tG? #ho #M #h( ?h5n
?hi ZC[\]. CM #h( ?h5n ?hi #@a ZC[\] :nh nghfa m$t #=#h #h-ng #ho S]Z 6 bpt
W- m$t attem?t tr4n #=# i t,8ng n$i I-ng IBa tr4n oeb. CM #h( n3 :nh nghfa #=# th@
tJ# ! #=# tr=#h nhiHm #ho !iH# thi(t lG? trao i thng tin gi1a i t,8ng n$i I-ng ,8#
?h5n ?hi ! S]Z. C=# giao th.# trao i thng tin ,8# #h-^nt ha thng F-a sK IJng m$t
A`I #h-ng.
DeIivery Request Process
7 :nh nghfa n(- a#ti!it3 ,8# q=# :nh bUi 34- #W- ?h5n ?hi # th6 ,8# ?h5n
?hi R n 'i6m tra tCnh ng pn #@a 34- #W- ?h5n ?hi 8i. y-= tr<nh n3 i q-ng
A#ti!it3 Qree t+ g# (n A#ti!it3 Qree t+ g# (n a#ti!it3 ,8# q=# :nh bUi 34- #W-
?h5n ?hi ! 'hPng :nh r)ng 'hng # a#ti!ities no b: IisableI ho%# m5- th-xn !"i
#=# iA- 'iHn hn #h(.
Content DeIivery Environment Process
7 l F-= tr<nh #-i #ng ,8# 'C#h hot bUi [!erall ZeF-en#ing `ro#ess. 7 l;3 m$t 34-
#W- ?h5n ?hi ! #h-^n b: bUi A#ti!it3 Qree 6 ?h5n ?hi a#ti!it3 ,8# q=# :nh. y-= tr<nh
n3 bao gDmn
X. l(t th# attem?t hiHn ti tr4n t;t #N #=# a#ti!ties m 'hng ,8# a#ti!e 'hi a#ti!it3
q=# :nh ,8# ?h5n ?hi.
a. Tpt W- #=# attem?t tr4n #=# a#ti!ities 'hng a#ti!e m s9 trU thnh a#ti!e 'hi a#ti!it3
,8# q=# :nh 6 ?h5n ?hi.
d. lhUi to thng tin theo Iwi thC#h h8? #ho #=# a#ti!ities m"i a#ti!e.
c. =# :nh #ho S]Z a#ti!it3 ,8# q=# :nh 6 ?h5n ?hi.
lhi '(t th# Content Veli!er3 jn!ironment `ro#ess2 thB# thi q=# :nh th. tB #@a S]Z trN !A
#=# iA- 'hi6n #ho S]Z ! 8i m$t 34- #W- I-3Ht 'h=#.
Content Veli!er3 jn!ironment `ro#ess 'hng ,8# 'C#h hot ngoi ng1 #Nnh #@a [!erall
ZeF-en#ing `ro#ess.
Tm kim v hin th[ mt i tung ni dung (Launching a ContentObject)
S]Z #h:- tr=#h nhiHm #ho !iH# #h-^n b: ! ?h5n ?hi i t,8ng n$i I-ng gpn liAn !"i a#ti!it3
6 ?h5n ?hi bUi [!erall ZeF-en#ing `ro#ess.
2.7.4.9 Sequencing Behavior Pseudo Code
V,"i 53 #hng ta Ing mL giN 6 m tN F-= tr<nh [!erall ZeF-en#ing `ro#ess. ]L giN #@a
#=# F-= tr<nh nh_ hMn hL3 qem ti(? trong ZC[\] Z7 !< 'h= Ii n4n 'hng th6 tr<nh b3
h(t U 53 ,8#.
OveraII Sequencing Process
Tham khon Content Delivery Environment Process Delivery Request Process Navigation
Request Process Sequencing Request Process Termination Request Process
S th t M M t
X Loop R 8i m$t 34- #W- I-3Ht
X.X h? IJng Navigation Request Process #ho 34- #W-
I-3Ht
X.a If Navigation Request Process trN !A 34- #W- I-3Ht Not
alid ('hng ng) Then
X.a.X K l& ngoi lH 34- #W- I-3Ht knh !i 'hng
,8# q=# :nh
X.a.a Continue Loop R 8i #ho 34- #W- I-3Ht ti(? theo
End If
X.d If # m$t 34- #W- '(t th# Then
X.d.X h? IJng Termination Request Process #ho 34- #W-
'(t th#
X.d.a If Termination Request Process trN !A m$t 34- #W-
'(t th# Not alid Then
X.d.a.X K l& ngoi lH 34- #W- '(t th# knh !i 'hng
~X
,8# q=# :nh
X.d.a.a Continue Loop R 8i 34- #W- I-3Ht ti(? theo
End If
X.d.d If Termination Request Process trN !A m$t 34- #W-
q=# :nh th. tB Then
X.d.d.X Qha3 b;t ' 34- #W- q=# :nh th. tB no ang 8i
b)ng 34- #W- q=# :nh th. tB trN !A bUi Termination
Request Process
Ch0 # I-3
nh;t m$t 34-
#W- q=# :nh
th. tB 8i. ZK
IJng 34- #W-
trN !A bUi
termination
reF-est
?ro#ess2 n(-
tDn ti
End If
End If
X.c If # m$t 34- #W- q=# :nh th. tB Then
X.c.X h? IJng Sequencing Request Process #ho 34- #W-
q=# :nh th. tB
X.c.a If Sequencing Request Process trN !A 34- #W- q=#
:nh th. tB 7ot YaliI Then
X.c.a.X K l& ngoi lH 34- #W- q=# :nh th. tB knh !i 'hng
,8# q=# :nh
X.c.a.a Continue Loop R 8i #ho 34- #W- I-3Ht ti(?
theo
End If
X.c.d If Sequencing Request Process trN !A m$t 34- #W-
'(t th# ?hi4n q=# :nh th. tB Then
Exit Overall Sequencing Process ?hi4n q=#
:nh th. tB L #h;m I.t trN F-3An iA- 'hi6n #ho S]Z
Qho=t 'h_i g#
#@a Activity
Tree '(t th#
?hi4n q=# :nh
th. tB trN
F-3An iA-
'hi6n #ho S]Z
End If
X.c.c If Sequencing Request Process 'hng q=# :nh m$t
a#ti!it3 6 ?h5n ?hi Then
X.c.c.X Continue Loop R 8i 34- #W- I-3Ht ti(? theo
End If
X.c.{ 4- #W- ?h5n ?hi #ho a#ti!it3 ,8# q=# :nh bUi
Sequencing Request Process
End If
X.{ If # m$t 34- #W- ?h5n ?hi Then
X.{.X h? IJng Delivery Request Process #ho 34- #W-
?h5n ?hi
X.{.a If Delivery Request Process trN !A 34- #W- ?h5n
?hi Not alid Then
X.{.a.X K l& ngoi lH 34- #W- ?h5n ?hi knh !i 'hng
,8# q=# :nh
X.{.a.a Continue Loop R 8i 34- #W- I-3Ht ti(? t heo
End If
X.{.d h? IJng Content Delivery Environment Process #ho
34- #W- ?h5n ?hi
End If
a End Loop R 8i 34- #W- I-3Ht ti(? theo
~a
2.7.5 M hnh duyt SCORM
2.7.5.1 Tng quan m hnh duyt
Qrong ng1 #Nnh #@a ZC[\]2 learning eq?erien#e ,8# #-ng #;? t"i #ho hO# !i4n thng
F-a #=# learning a#ti!ities. V-3Ht l F-= tr<nh m hO# !i4n ! m$t S]Z h8? t=# 6 q=# :nh
#=# sB 'iHn I-3Ht nh)m #-ng #;? m$t learning eq?erien#e. Qh,ng th<2 S]Z s9 #-ng #;?
m$t tG? #=# giao IiHn m hO# !i4n # th6 Ing 6 #h0 :nh m$t 34- #W- I-3Ht mong m-n.
Qrong m$t !i tr,ng h8?2 ng,i ?h=t tri6n n$i I-ng # th6 #h0 :nh S]Z 'hng #-ng #;?
#=# giao IiHn nh, !G3 tha3 !o 2 n$i I-ng s9 #h:- tr=#h nhiHm #-ng #;? giao IiHn.
ZC[\] 'hng %t b;t ' 34- #W- no !A loi ho%# #=#h th.# #@a giao IiHn bi6- Ii}n t"i hO#
!i4n !o thi i6m thB# thi2 bao gDm b;t ' giao IiHn ng,i Ing no ?hJ# !J #ho !iH#
I-3Ht.
2.7.5.2 Kch hoat cc yu cu duyt
] h<nh I-3Ht ZC[\] :nh nghfa m$t tG? #=# sB 'iHn I-3Ht # th6 ,8# 'C#h hot bUi hO#
!i4n thng F-a S]Z ! n$i I-ng #-ng #;? giao IiHn. C=# sB 'iHn ,8# 'C#h hot b4n
trong ZC[ ho%# F-a S]Z nh, th( no 'hng ,8# :nh nghfa trong ZC[\]. C=# 34- #W-
I-3Ht ,8# qK l& nh, :nh nghfa trong 7a!igation Teha!ior.
2.7.5.3 Giao din phc v cho vic duyt
Cung cp giao din ngui dng phc v cho vic duyt
S]Z ?hNi #-ng #;? giao IiHn ng,i Ing ti thi6- #ho hO# !i4n # th6 'C#h hot #=# sB 'iHn
I-3Ht t,Mng .ng. ]%# I ZC[\] 'hng %t ra b;t ' 34- #W- no !A loi ho%# h<nh I=ng
#@a giao IiHn #-ng #;? #ho hO# !i4n2 'h-3(n #=o l S]Z #h0 #-ng #;? #=# giao IiHn ng,i
Ing h8? l& #ho #=# sB 'iHn I-3Ht m #ho '(t F-N ng (m$t learning a#ti!it3 ,8# ?h5n
?hi #ho hO# !i4n).
S dng thuc tnh isvisibIe
ZC[\] CA] m tN #ho #hng ta #=#h Ing th-$# tCnh is!isible. Qh-$# tCnh n3 #h0 ra #
?hNi item gpn liAn !"i n ,8# th6 hiHn 'hi #;- tr# #@a gi ,8# th6 hiHn gi= tr: n3 #h0 Nnh
h,Ung tiem m n ,8# :nh nghfa ! 'hng ?hNi l #on ho%# ti ng-34n gpn liAn !"i item.
S]Z s9 ?hNi # tr=#h nhiHm ^n #=# item m # is!isible b)ng false. Q-3 nhi4n2 Nnh h,Ung
#@a is!isible #h0 hn #h( trong !iH# tr<nh b3 giao IiHn ng,i Ing n 'hng # Nnh h,Ung
(n ZC[\] ZeF-en#ing Teha!ior li4n F-an (n 34- #W- I-3Ht Choice.
M hnh trao i thng tin trnh by
ZC[\] 7a!igation ]oIel :nh nghfa m$t m h<nh tr<nh b3 ti thi6- #ho ?hz? ng,i ?h=t
tri6n n$i I-ng #h0 ra #=# %# tr,ng tr<nh b3 no #@a m$t i t,8ng n$i I-ng #ho tr,"#.
]$t ng,i ?h=t tri6n n$i I-ng # th6 #hOn 6 #h0 :nh 2 tr4n mEi i t,8ng n$i I-ng2 l i
t,8ng n$i I-ng IB :nh tr<nh b3 #-ng #;? giao IiHn ng,i Ing2 S]Z s9 'hng #-ng #;?
giao IiHn th+a n1a #ho #ng #=# sB 'iHn I-3Ht ging nha-. kL3 qem bNng I,"i 53 !A tm
tpt #=# %# tr,ng #@a tr<nh b3n
Ch s Tn M t Khng gian
gi tr[
Kiu d Iiu Mc [nh
X Qr<nh b3 Qhng tin
li4n F-an
(n bi6-
Ii}n
R R
X.X iiao IiHn
tr<nh b3
C=# %#
tr,ng !A #=#
iA- 'hi6n
giao IiHn
ng,i Ing
R R
X.X.X V;- S]Z I Ch0 ra r)ng
S]Z ?hNi
lhng #
ho%# #
]U2 !n t+
# th6 mU
rEng
~d
#-ng #;?
giao IiHn
ng,i Ing
nhiA- hMn
#=# t+ #
:nh
r$ng2 !"i
m$t #=# t+
,8# q=#
:nh t+ tr,"#
Qhng tin m tN trong m h<nh tr<nh b3 #h0 # th6 ,8# =? IJng #ho #=# i t,8ng n$i
I-ng. ] h<nh tr<nh b3 s9 'hng # Nnh h,Ung (n S]Z 'hi 'hng # i t,8ng n$i I-ng
,8# ?h5n ?hi.
2.7.5.4 Trao i thng tin Ic thc thi ca cc yu cu duyt
]$t ZC[ # th6 #h.a ho%# 'hng #h.a #=# giao IiHn ng,i Ing #ho ?hz? hO# !i4n 'C#h
hot m$t 34- #W- I-3Ht. Q-3 nhi4n2 'hng F-an trOng l ZC[ # #-ng #;? giao IiHn ng,i
Ing2 ZC[ # th6 trao i trB# ti(? #=# IB :nh I-3Ht !"i S]Z. ]$t ZC[ # th6 #h0 :nh m$t
! #h0 m$t 34- #W- I-3Ht 6 qK l& #ho S]Z IBa tr4n 'hi ZC[ '(t th#. Yi IJ2 ZC[ # th6
trao i #=# 34- #W- I-3Ht nh, Previous2 Exit2 ! Choose !"i S]Z. ]$t 'hi ZC[ L ,8#
IOn i2 S]Z s9 qK l& 34- #W- I-3Ht ,8# #h0 :nh2 ! ?h5n ?hi a#ti!it3 ,8# q=# :nh. Q;t
#N #=# trao i thng tin #@a ZC[\] 7a!igation Vata ]oIel sK IJng ZC[\] \Qj A`I.
2.7.5.5 u cu duyt
7h, ta L ni U tr4n2 ZC[ #h0 # th6 X ! #h0 m$t 34- #W- I-3Ht 6 # th6 qK l& ,8# S]Z
'hi ZC[ '(t th#. YC IJ2 ZC[ # th6 trao i 34- #W- I-3Ht nh, `re!io-s2 jqit2 ! Choose
!"i S]Z. Qr,"# 'hi '(t th# trao i thng tin !"i S]Z2 nh, m$t #h0 :nh thnh #ng #@a !iH#
gOi hm Qerminate()2 34- #W- I-3Ht gKi t"i S]Z F-a thnh ?hWn aIl.na!.reF-est 'hng #
Nnh h,Ung g<. ZC[\] 7a!igation Vata ]oIel #h0 # =ng tin #G3 trong m$t ?hi4n hO# tG?
#@a hO# !i4n tr4n ZC[. 7 ,8# F-Nn l& bUi S]Z #ho (n 'hi ZC[ '(t th#2 ! 'hng ,8#
I-3 tr< I,"i b;t ' iA- 'iHn '(t th# no. kL3 qem nh1ng t<nh h-ng I,"i 53n
A. Qrong F-= tr<nh t,Mng t=#2 hO# !i4n t,Mng t=# a#ti!it3 A ! ,8# bi6- Ii}n !"i ZC[ A
(`hi4n X tr4n ZC[ A)2 m ,8# gpn liAn !"i a#ti!it3 An
ZC[ %t thnh ?hWn aIl.na!.reF-est l *#ontin-e/.
Qerminate() ,8# 'C#h hot bUi ZC[ tr,"# 'hi hO# !i4n 'C#h hot m$t sB 'iHn I-3Ht
no. iA- n3 Ixn (n '(t F-N l '(t th# trao i thng tin gi1a ZC[ ! A`I
Instan#e.
l(t F-N #@a t<nh h-ng A l 34- #W- I-3Ht Contin-e ,8# qK l& bUi S]Z.
T. Za- trong F-= tr<nh t,Mng t=# 2 hO# !i4n g%? li a#ti!it3 A lWn n1a2 Io ZC[ A
,8# tr<nh Ii}n #ho hO# !i4n lWn n1a (`hi4n a tr4n ZC[ A)n
7(- ZC[ A 'C#h hot nga3 lG? t.# ietYal-e(aIl.na!.reF-est)2 *none/ s9 ,8# trN
!A bUi !< 'hng # 34- #W- I-3Ht no ,8# li4n '(t bUi ZC[ trong ?hi4n n3.
Qrong ?hi4n n32 ZC[ 'hng %t thnh ?hWn adl.nav.request
Terminate() ,8# 'C#h hot bUi ZC[ tr,"# 'hi hO# !i4n 'C#h hot b;t ' sB 'iHn
I-3Ht no. iA- n3 Ixn (n '(t F-N l '(t th# trao i thng tin gi1a ZC[ ! A`I
Instan#e.
Qrong t<nh h-ng T2 thnh ?hWn m h<nh I1 liH- aIl.na!.reF-est 'hng ,8# I-3 tr< t+ ?hi4n
X n 'hng #h.a tG? gi= tr: #@a *#ontin-e/ tr,"# . Qerminate trong tr,ng h8? n3 'hng
'C#h hot b;t ' 34- #W- I-3Ht no. S]Z s9 8i #ho hO# !i4n 'C#h hot sB 'iHn I-3Ht tr,"#
'hi qK l& b;t ' 34- #W- I-3Ht no. YA tr<nh b3 #hi ti(t !A thnh ?hWn adl.nav.request2 qin
qem trong #-n s=#h ZC[\] Z7.
2.7.5.6 Tnh ng n ca cc yu cu duyt
lhi ZC[ m-n #-ng #;? giao IiHn nhng 6 #ho ?hz? hO# !i4n 'C#h hot #=# sB 'iHn I-3Ht2
# th6 ZC[ mong m-n bi(t n(- ! 'hi no ZC[ s9 enable ho%# Iisable giao IiHn. =# inh
n3 n4n IBa tr4n qK l& m$t 34- #W- I-3Ht # #ho '(t F-N l q=# :nh ,8# m$t a#ti!it3 6
?h5n ?hi. YC IJ2 ng,i ?h=t tri6n n$i I-ng m-n ?h=t tri6n ZC[ theo m$t #=#h m #hng
th6 hiHn nt *Contin-e/ ho%# *7eqt/ #h0 n(- # m$t ZC[ trong #h-Ei logi# (?hJ# !J m$t #hi(n
l,8# giNng I3 #J th6). ZC[ tB n 'hng th6 q=# :nh #hCnh q=# tCnh ng pn #@a #=# 34-
~c
#W- I-3Ht2 t-3 nhi4n2 S]Z # thng tin n3 thng F-a thB# thi q=# :nh th. tB. ] h<nh I1
liH- ZC[\] I-3Ht gDm d thnh ?hWn ?hJ# !J #ho #=# 34- #W- I-3Htn
adl.nav.requestvalidcontinue2 adl.nav.requestvalid.previous2 !
adl.nav.requestvalid.choice target = URI. 6 # thng tin #hi ti(t hMn !A #=# thnh ?hWn
n3 hL3 qem th4m trong #-n s=#h ZC[\] Z7 trong ?hWn 5.6.7 Request VaIid.
2.8 Tng kt
7h, !G32 #hng ta L Inh 'h= nhiA- thi gian 6 t<m hi6- !A #h-^n ZC[\] abbc. T53 gi
l thi i6m thC#h h8? 6 #hng ta th6 hiHn hi6- bi(t #@a m<nh !A ZC[\] abbc thng F-a
m$t sNn ?h^m #J th6. C=# sNn ?h^m trong lfnh !B# eRSearning # th6 ,8# ?h5n loi nh,
h<nh I,"i 53n
E-Learning gm 3 mng cng cu ln l to ni dung, phn phi, v truy cp.
Chng ta s9 tG? tr-ng !o ?hWn #=# #ng #J l,- tr12 F-Nn l& ! ?h5n ?hi eRSearning. kL3
qem #J th6 trong ?hWn n3 #J th6 bao gDm #=# #ng #J loi no.
~{
Trn hnh v ta thy cng cu lu tr, qun l v phn phi e-Learning bao gm Learning
Mangement System (LMS), Learning Content Management System (LCMS), Web Server,
Collaboration, v Media Server.
Cng #J m #hng ta # th6 hiHn ,8# hi6- bi(t #@a m<nh !A ZC[\] l S]Z. Chng ta
h3 !Ong thng F-a S]Z s9 #h.ng t_ ,8# sB hi6- bi(t #@a #hng ta !A ZC[\] abbc l
ng pn.
3 Ph Ic
3.1 Cc ebsite v cc ti Iiu tham kho
Ti Iiu tham kho
X. AVS2 SCORM Overview ersion 1.32 dbXabbc
C th6 IonloaI ti .aIlnet.org
a. AVS2 SCORM Content Aggregation Model2 dbXabbc
C th6 IonloaI ti .aIlnet.org.
d. AVS2 SCORM Run-Time Environment2 dbXabbc
C th6 IonloaI ti .aIlnet.org
c. AVS2 SCORM Sequencing and Navigation2 dbXabbc
C th6 IonloaI ti .aIlnet.org
{. AVS2 SCORM 2004 Conormance Requirements2 dXdabbc
C th6 IonloaI ti .aIlnet.org
~. la-3-'i ZkI7lAI2 Asia e-Learning Network 20032 a{Ra~dabbc.
C th6 IonloaI ti .eI-.net.!n
t. AVS Qe#hni#al Qeam2 SCORM Content Development Proect: rom Start to inish2
Xsaabbc
C th6 IonloaI ti .aIlnet.org
. Z-n ]i#roZ3stems2 The 2EE 1.4 Tutorial2 X~XXabbd
C th6 IonloaI ti va!a.s-n.#om
s. \oger S. Costello2 XML Technologies Courses2
C th6 IonloaI ti .qfront.#om
Xb. Z-n ]i#roZ3stems2 The ava Web Services Tutorial2 XtXaabbd
C th6 IonloaI ti va!a.s-n.#om
XX. I]Z ilobal Searning Consorti-m2 IMS Sequencing Inormation and Behavior Model
Yersion X.b minal Z?e#ifi#ation2 ddabbd.
C th6 IonloaI ti .ims?rove#t.org
Xa. I]Z ilobal Searning Consorti-m2 IMS Simple Sequencing XML Binding Yersion X.b
minal Z?e#ifi#ation2 ddabbd.
C th6 IonloaI ti .ims?rove#t.org
Xd. I]Z ilobal Searning Consorti-m2 IMS Simple Sequencing Best Practice and
Implementation uide Yersion X.b minal Z?e#ifi#ation2 ddabbd.
C th6 IonloaI ti .ims?rove#t.org
Xc. Carnegie ]ellon `ittsb-rgh `enns3l!ania2 Some History and a Biased
Perspective on Intelligent Tutoring Systems2 dbXbabbd
C th6 IonloaI ti .lsal.#m-.eI-
X{. ]a#romeIia In#, Standards, abbX
C th6 IonloaI ti .ma#romeIia.#om
X~. oilliam korton R latherine korton, E-learning Tools and Technologies, abbd
Xt. llison \osset, The ASTD E-learning Handbook, ]#iraRkillRabba
X. Anthon3 Z.larrerR `h.V, Top Technologies or E-learning, abbXRQe#hjm?oer2 In#
Xs. ]AZIj Center, A Decision Maker's uide to their Adoption, XXabbd
ab. CarnegieR]ellon Searning Z3stems Ar#hite#t-re Sabs2 Technical Evolution o
SCORM2 Xsbabbd.
C th6 IonloaI ti .lsal.#m-.eI-
Cc eb site tham kho chnh
~~
Cc eb site dng cho vic nghin cu I thuyt SCORM 2004n
X. .aIlnet.org
a. .lsal.#m-.eI-
d. .d#.org
c. .eRlearningsite.#om
{. .elearningg-r-.#om
~. .asiaRelearning.net
t. .ims?rove#t.org
Cc eb site dng cho vic thc thi SCORM 2004n
X. va!a.s-n.#om
a. .a?a#he.org
d. .treemen-.org
c. .ma#romeIia.#om
{. .aIlnet.org
3.2 Cc t chc ni ting trong vic ua ra cc c t
trong e-Learning
Aviation Industry CBT Committee (AICC)
.ai##.org
Qhnh lG? ngm Xs2 AICC l m$t t #h.# F-# t( #h-34n nghiH? o to IBa tr4n #ng
nghH. kO to ra #=# #h0 Ixn trong o to #@a nghnh hng 'hng. ]J# C#h #@a hO l o
to hiH- F-N2 #hi ?hC th;?. kO L q-;t bNn r;t nhiA- #=# #h0 Ixn trong o to bao gDm #N
#=# #;- h<nh !A ?hWn #.ng ! ?hWn mAm R nh1ng h,"ng Ixn #@a hO !A o to IBa tr4n
m=3 tCnh (C]I Com?-ter TaseI Instr-#tion) # nh1ng Nnh h,Ung r;t l"n. YC IJ nh, AICC
C]IbbX #-ng #;? #=# #h0 Ixn m theo bn # th6 to ra #=# n$i I-ng IBa tr4n C]I !
#-ng #;? tCnh t,Mng thC#h #ao !"i #=# S]Z 'h=# nha-.
Institue for EIectricaI and EIetronic
Engineers Learning TechnoIogy Standards
Committee (IEEE LTSC)
.lts#.ieee.org
Ijjj l m$t t #h.# ,a ra #=# #h-^n ! #=# 'h-3(n #=o !A iHn2 iHn tK2 m=3 tCnh2 ! #=#
hH thng li4n l#2 trao i thng tin. C=# %# tN #@a Ijjj ,8# #ng nhGn r$ng rLi ! trU
thnh #=# #h-^n F-# t(. Qrong jRlearning2 %# tN ,8# #h;? nhGn r$ng rLi nh;t #@a Ijjj
SQZC l Searning [bve#t ]etaIata (S[]) m :nh nghfa m$t nhm #=# thnh ?hWn ha3 #=#
thnh ?hWn m tN #=# i t,8ng hO# tG? nh, t4n 'ha hO#2 m.# $ 'h2 ng,i son bi
giNng2 ng3 son bi giNng. I]Z ! AVS A- Ing #=# thnh ?h5n ! #;- tr# #@a %# tN
n3.
IMS GIobaI Consortium
.ims?rove#t.org
I]Z l m$t tG? h8? #=# t #h.# ng,i b=n ! ng,i tri6n 'hai (im?lementers) # #ng mJ#
C#h l tG? tr-ng ?h=t tri6n #=# %# tN #ho ]S. 7h1ng %# tN n3 m tN #=# %# i6m F-an
trOng #@a 'ha hO#2 bi hO#2 #=# bi 'i6m tra2 hO# !i4n ! #=# nhm. Qh4m !o 2 #=# %#
tN ! Test `ra#ti#e i-iIelines #-ng #;? #;- tr# bi6- Ii}n #;- tr# #ho metaRIata trong eR
learning. ] tN #=# ti ng-34n hO# tG? gi? bn t<m 'i(m #hng2 trao i #hng ! F-Nn l&
#hng I} Ing hMn. C=# %# tN ni ti(ng #@a I]Z ,8# #h;? nhGn r$ng rLi l I]Z ]etaR
Iata2 I]Z Content `a#'aging2 ! gWn 53 l I]Z ZeF-en#ing anI 7a!igation.
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3.3 Cc thut ng thng dng trong SCORM
ADL Co-Laboratory (ADL Co-Lab) Netork n ]$t mng #-ng #;? #=# #M sU !Gt
#h;t ! #=# ti ng-34n #Wn thi(t 6 th# ^3 !iH# nghi4n #.- h8? t=#2 ?h=t tri6n !
=nh gi= #=# #ng #J2 #=# #h-^n2 n$i I-ng ! #=# #h0 Ixn #ho AVS Initiati!e.
SCORM Run-time Environment AppIication Program Interface (API) n C-ng #;?
#M #h( trao i thng tin !"i #=# n$i I-ng hO# tG? nh, 'hi no bi hO# bpt W- ! '(t
th#2 i6m #@a sinh !i4n tham gia l bao nhi4-| 7$i I-ng hO# tG? #hCnh q=# hMn l
ZC[ s9 ,8# :nh nghfa U ?hWn I,"i
Assets n S nh1ng thnh ?hWn #M bNn nh;t #@a n$i I-ng hO# tG? nh, #=# meIia2
teqt2 Nnh2 5m thanh2 trang eb2 #=# i t,8ng =nh gi= '(t F-N hO# tG? ha3 #=# thnh
?hWn I1 liH- 'h=# # th6 ,a t"i oeb Client ( 6 I} hi6- hMn # th6 qem l hO# !i4n)
Content Organization n S m$t bNn D ( ha3 m$t #53 ) ,8# to thnh t+ #=# Mn !:
hO# tG? nh_ hMn # #;- tr# m IB :nh ,a ra #ho ng,i hO# sK IJng.
Content ModeI n Qh-Gt ng1 Ing 6 :nh nghfa #=# thnh ?hWn #@a n$i I-ng hO# tG?
m mang m$t mJ# C#h no !A 'i(n th.# IB :nh ,a #ho hO# !i4n ( learning
eq?erien#e)
Cotent Packaging : C-ng #;? m$t #=#h #h-^n 6 trao i thng tin !"i #=# ti
ng-34n s ( ,8# to ra b)ng #ng nghH s) gi1a #=# hH thng 'h=# nha-. Content
`a#'aging #>ng :nh nghfa #;- tr# ! #=# m tN #Wn thi(t !A #=# ti ng-34n hO# tG?
# trong .
SCORM Run-time Environment (RTE) Data ModeI n :nh nghfa #=# thnh ?hWn
thng tin Ing 6 trao i gi1a S]Z ! ZC[ nh, thng tin !A #=# ti ng-34n hO# tG?.
Q.# l S]Z ! ZC[ A- bi(t !A #=# I1 liH- #Wn trao i !"i nha-2 ! #=# I1 liH-
,8# gOi l \Qj Vata ]oIel.
Learning Management System (LMS ) n ]$t tG? #=# #h.# ngng Ing 6 ?h5n ?hi2
to b=o #=o ! F-Nn l& #=# n$i I-ng hO# tG?2 #>ng nh, '(t F-N hO# tG? #@a hO# !i4n.
Meta-data n C-ng #;? m$t tG? th-Gt ng1 #h-ng Ing 6 m tN thng tin #@a #=# ti
ng-34n hO# tG?. 7 # th6 ,a !o #=# #atalog ri4ng r9 ha3 ,a trB# ti(? !o #=# file
,8# ng gi. Q=# IJng #@a ]etaRIata l Ing 6 hE tr8 #ho !iH# t<m 'i(m2 l,- tr1
! sK IJng li. iDm d loi metaRIata #hCnh l n
Asset ]etaRIata
Content [rganiation ]etaRIata
ZC[ ]etaRIata
The SharabIe Content Object Reference ModeI (SCORM) n Vng trong ng1 #Nnh
hO# tG? IBa tr4n nAn tNng oeb trong #=# i t,8ng hO# tG? bao gDm *Content
Aggregation ]oIel/ ! * \-nRtime jn!ironment ]oIel/. C=# 'h=i niHm s9 ,8# giNi
thC#h nga3 I,"i 53 n
SCORM Content Aggregation ModeI (CAM) n C-ng #;? #=# ?h,Mng ?h=? #hng 6
'(t h8? #=# n$i I-ng hO# tG? t+ t+ #=#ti ng-34n hO# tG? # tCnh 'hN #h-36n. sK
IJng li ,8# ! ?h=t hiHn ,8#.
SCORM Run-Time Environment n C-ng #;? ?h,Mng tiHn 6 trao i thng tin gi1a
ZC[ ! S]Z.
SCORM Sequencing and Navigation : C=# l-Gt m S]Z ?hNi t-5n theo 6 th6 hiHn
m$t n$i I-ng hO# tG? # mJ# C#h no i !"i hO# !i4n. 7g,i ?h=t tri6n n$i I-ng
#h:- tr=#h nhiHm %t ra #=# l-Gt m S]Z ?hNi t-5n theo. 7h1ng l-Gt n3 ,8# tr<nh
b3 trong ?hWn Content Ztr-#t-re ! mL ha trong ?hWn t #h.# (organiation) #@a
Content `a#'aging.
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