Bi tp kho st hm s

Bi tp kho
o st hm s
s

Chng I

BI TP
P C B
BN
N V NNG CAO
(B sung thm kin
ki n th
thc, gip hcc sinh llp
p 12 chun
chu b ttt cho
k thi tt
t nghip ph
ph thng v i hc,
c, cao ng

2013)

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[ 16]

Bin son:
n: ng

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[ 1]

Bi tp kho st hm s

Bi tp kho st hm s

MC LC
1. S NG BIN, NGHCH BIN CA HM S ......................................................... 3
2. CC TR CA HM S ................................................................................................. 4
3. TM GI TR LN NHT, NH NHT CA HM S .............................................. 5
4. KHO ST HM S.................................................................................................. 6
Hm s bc ba

y = ax3 + bx 2 + cx + d ............................................................................6

Hm s trng phng
Hm s phn thc

y = ax 4 + bx 2 + c ..........................................................................8

y=

ax + b
cx + d

............................................................................................ 9

BI TP KHO ST HM S TRONG CC K THI I HC & CAO NG ............ 11

(i hc khi A, A1 nm 2012) .................................................................................... 11
(i hc khi B nm 2012)............................................................................................ 11
(i hc khi D nm 2012) ........................................................................................... 11
(Cao ng nm 2012)..................................................................................................... 12
(i hc khi A nm 2011) ........................................................................................... 12
(i hc khi B nm 2011)............................................................................................ 12
(i hc khi D nm 2011) ........................................................................................... 12
(Cao ng nm 2011)..................................................................................................... 12
(i hc khi A nm 2010) ........................................................................................... 13
(i hc khi B nm 2010)............................................................................................ 13
(i hc khi D nm 2010) ........................................................................................... 13
(Cao ng nm 2010)..................................................................................................... 13
(i hc khi A nm 2009) ........................................................................................... 13
(i hc khi B nm 2009)............................................................................................ 14
(i hc khi D nm 2009) ........................................................................................... 14
(Cao ng nm 2009)..................................................................................................... 14
(i hc khi B nm 2008)............................................................................................ 14
(i hc khi D nm 2008) ........................................................................................... 14

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Bi tp kho st hm s

Bi tp kho st hm s

1. S NG BIN, NGHCH BIN CA HM S

Cu 14: Cho hm s y = 2 x - 4 x (1)

4

1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1).

1. Xt s ng bin, nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:

2. Vi gi tr no ca m, phng trnh x 2 | x 2 - 2 |= m c ng 6 nghim thc

phn bit?
(i hc khi B nm 2009)
Cu 15: Cho hm s y = x4 - (3m + 2) x2 + 3m c th l (Cm ) , m l tham s.
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s cho khi m=0.
2. Tm m ng thng y = -1 ct th (Cm ) ti 4 im phn bit u c
honh nh hn 2.
(i hc khi D nm 2009)
Cu 16: Cho hm s y = x3 - (2m -1)x2 + (2 - m)x + 2 (1) , vi m l tham s thc.
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1) khi m=2.
2. Tm m hm s (1) c cc i, cc tiu v cc im cc tr ca th hm
s (1) c honh dng.
(Cao ng nm 2009)
Cu 17: Cho hm s y = 4 x3 - 6 x2 + 1 (1)
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1).
2.Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th hm s (1), bit rng tip tuyn i
qua im M(-1;-9).
(i hc khi B nm 2008)
Cu 18: Cho hm s y = x - 3x + 4 (1)
3

1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1).

2. Chng minh rng mi ng thng i qua im I(1;2) vi h s gc k
(k > -3) u ct th hm s (1) ti ba im phn bit I, A, B ng thi I l
trung im ca on AB.
(i hc khi D nm 2008)

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a) f ( x) =

x 4 x3 9 2
- - x + 9x -1
4 3 2

c) f ( x) = x 4 + 2 x3 - 2 x + 5
e) f ( x) = 3 x 4 + 8 x3 - 12 x + 5

b) f ( x) = 3 x 4 - 8 x3 + 6 x 2 - 24 x + 1
d) f ( x) = 3x 4 - 20 x3 + 48 x 2 - 48 x - 12
4
5

f) f ( x) = x3 - x5 + 8

7
5

g) f ( x) = 12 + x 5 - 7 x 6 + 9 x 7
2. Tm cc khong n iu ca cc hm s sau:
1- 2x
a) y =
3x - 6
1
1
c) y = x x-2
x +1
e) y =
3 x

x 2 + 8 x - 24
b) y =
x2 - 4
3x
d) y = 2
x +1

f) y = x 2 + 2 x + 3

3. Chng minh rng:

a) Hm s y = 2 x - x2 nghch bin trn on [1;2]
b) Hm s y = x 2 - 9 ng bin trn na khong [3; + )
c) Hm s y = - x + x2 + 8 nghch bin trn .

2 x 2 + 3x
ng bin trn tp xc nh.
2x +1
x -3
e) Hm s y =
ng bin trn tp xc nh.
2x +1
4. Chng minh rng hm s f ( x) = x - sin 2 x lun ng bin trn
m
5. Vi gi tr no ca tham s m, hm s y = x + 2 +
ng bin
x -1

d) Hm s y =

trn mi khong xc nh ca n ?
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Bi tp kho st hm s

Bi tp kho st hm s

6. Vi gi tr no ca tham s a, hm s

Cu 9: Cho hm s y = x 3 - 2 x 2 + (1 - m) x + m (1), m l tham s thc.

1
f ( x) = - x3 + 2 x 2 + (2a + 1) x - 3a + 2 nghch bin trn ?
3
1
2
7. Cho hm s y = x3 + (m - 1) x 2 + (2m - 3) x 3
3
a) Tm gi tr ca m hm s ng bin trn khong (1; + ) .
b) Tm gi tr ca m hm s ng bin trn .

1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s khi m=1.

2. Tm m th ca hm s (1) ct trc honh ti 3 im phn bit c
honh x1 , x2 , x3 tha iu kin x12 + x22 + x32 < 4 .
(i hc khi A nm 2010)

2. CC TR CA HM S
1. Tm cc tr ca cc hm s sau:
a) f ( x) = 2 x3 - 9 x 2 + 12 x + 3
b) f ( x) = -5 x3 + 3x 2 - 4 x + 5
c) f ( x) = 3 x 4 - 4 x3 - 24 x 2 + 48 x - 3 d) f ( x) = 3x4 + 28x3 + 90x2 + 108x -1
e) f ( x) =

x 5 3 5 2
+ x + x - 2x
4 3
2

f) f ( x) = x - 3 +

9
x-2

x 2 + 8 x - 24
x2 - 4

c) g ( x ) = x 3 - x

3. Tm cc tr ca cc hm s sau:
a) y = x - cos 2 x
b) y = sin 3 x - 3 x
2
d) y = 2 sin x + cos 2 x; x [0; p ]
c) y = sin x - 3 cos x , x [0; p ]
4. Tm cc h s a, b, c sao cho hm s f ( x) = x3 + ax 2 + bx + c t cc
tiu ti im x = 1, f (1) = 3 v th ca hm s ct trc tung ti im c
tung l 2.
5. Tm cc s thc p v q sao cho hm s f ( x) = x + p +

B sao cho tam gic OAB c din tch bng

3 (O l gc ta ).

Cu 11: Cho hm s y = - x 4 - x 2 + 6

x
x +4
1
3
d) g ( x) = x 4 - x3 + x 2 - x
4
2

b) f ( x) =

2. Tm m ng thng y = -2 x + m ct th (C) ti hai im phn bit A,

(i hc khi B nm 2010)

2. Tm cc tr ca cc hm s sau:
a) f ( x) =

2x +1
x +1
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s cho.

Cu 10: Cho hm s y =

q
t cc
x +1

i ti im x = -2 v f ( -2) = -2 .
6. Xc nh gi tr ca tham s m hm s y = x3 - 2 x 2 + mx + 1 t
cc tiu ti x = 1 .
1
3

7. Chng minh rng hm s y = x3 - mx 2 - (2m + 3) x + 9 lun c cc

1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s cho.

2. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th (C), bit tip tuyn vung gc vi
1
ng thng y = x - 1 .
6
(i hc khi D nm 2010)
Cu 12: Cho hm s y = x 3 + 3 x 2 - 1
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s cho.
2. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th (C) ti im c honh bng -1.
(Cao ng nm 2010)
x+2
(1).
2x + 3
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1).
2. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th hm s (1), bit tip tuyn ct
trc honh, trc tung ln lt ti hai im phn bit A, B v tam gic OAB cn
ti gc ta O.

Cu 13: Cho hm s y =

(i hc khi A nm 2009)

tr vi mi gi tr ca tham s m.
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Bi tp kho st hm s

Bi tp kho st hm s

a. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1).

b. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn d ca th hm s (1), bit rng d vung gc
vi ng thng y = x + 2 .

8. Xc nh m hm s y = x3 - 3mx 2 + (m 2 - 1) x + 2 t cc i ti
im x = 2.

(Cao ng nm 2012)

-x +1
2x -1
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s cho.
2. Chng minh rng vi mi m ng thng y = x + m lun ct thi (C) ti
hai im phn bit A v B.
Cu 5: Cho hm s y =

Gi k1 , k2 ln lt l h s gc ca cc tip tuyn vi (C) ti A v B. Tm m

tng k1 + k2 t gi tr ln nht.
(i hc khi A nm 2011)
Cu 6: Cho hm s y = x 4 - 2(m + 1) x 2 + m (1), m l tham s.
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm (1) khi m=1.
2. Tm m th hm s (1) c ba im cc tr A, B, C sao cho OA=BC;
trong O l gc ta , A l im cc tr thuc trc tung, B v C l hai im
cc tr cn li.
(i hc khi B nm 2011)

2x +1
x +1
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s cho.
2.Tm k ng thng y = kx + 2 k + 1 ct th (C) ti hai im phn bit A,
B sao cho khong cch t A v B n trc honh bng nhau.
(i hc khi D nm 2011)
Cu 7: Cho hm s y =

1
Cu 8: Cho hm s y = - x3 + 2x2 -3x +1
3
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s cho.
2. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th (C) ti giao im ca (C) vi trc
tung.
(Cao ng nm 2011)
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3. TM GI TR LN NHT, NH NHT CA HM S
Tm gi tr ln nht, nh nht ca cc hm s sau:
1. f ( x) = x3 - 8 x 2 + 16 x - 9 trn on [1; 3].
2. g ( x) = 3x3 - x 2 - 7 x + 1 trn on [0; 2].
3. y = x3 - 2 x 2 - 7 x - 1 trn on [-2; 2].
4. f ( x) = x 4 - 2 x 2 + 1 trn on [0; 2].
5. f ( x) = x +

9
trn on [2; 4]
x

6. g ( x) = x 2 - ln(1 - 2 x) trn on [-2; 0].

7. y =

2x +1
trn on [2; 4].
1- x

8. h( x) = x 4 - 8 x 2 + 5 trn on [-1; 3].

9. f ( x) = 3 -

10
trn on [-2; 5].
x+3

10. f ( x) = x2 - 2 x + 5 trn on [0; 3].

11. f ( x) = x 1 - x 2 trn on [-1;1].
p
12. f ( x ) = 2 cos 2 x + 4 sin x trn on 0; .
2

4
3

13. y = 2sin x - sin 3 x trn on [ 0; p ] .

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Bi tp kho st hm s

Bi tp kho
o st hm s
s

14.. Tm cc gi tr
tr caa tham ss m gi tr
tr nh nht c
a hm s
f ( x) =

7. Cho hm s y =

x - m2 + m
trn onn [0; 1] bbng -2.
2.
x +1

a) Kho st v v th hm s.

15. Tm gi tr
tr ln nhtt v nh
nh nht caa cc hm ss sau:
a) f ( x) = cos3 x - 6 cos 2 x + 9 cos x + 5
b) g ( x) = sin 3 x - cos 2 x + sin x + 2

x +1
c th (C)
x -1

b) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) i qua A(0;1).

(HD: t t = cos x )
(HD: t t = sin x )

BI TP KHO ST HM S
TRONG CC K THI I HC & CAO NG

4. KH
KHO
O ST HM S
S

2008 - 2012

Hm s b
bc ba y = ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d

(DNH CHO HC SINH KH, GII THAM KHO)

1. Cho hm s
s y = 2x - 6x - 3

Cu 1: Cho hm s y = x 4 - 2(m + 1) x 2 + m 2 (1) , vi m l tham s thc.

a) Kho
o st s
s binn thin v vv th (C) cca hm s cho.

a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1) khi m = 0 .

b) Vitt phng trnh

tr
tipp tuy
tuyn ca th (C) ti giao im ca (C) vii
trc tung.

b) Tm m th hm s (1) c ba im cc tr to thnh ba nh ca mt
tam gic vung.
(i hc khi A, A1 nm 2012)

1
4

3
2

2. Cho hm s
s y = x3 - x 2 + 5

Cu 2: Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3mx 2 + 3m3 (1) , vi m l tham s thc.

a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1) khi m = 1 .

a) Kho
o st s
s binn thin v vv th caa hm ss cho.
b) Tm cc gi tr
tr caa tham ss m phng tr
trnh x 3 - 6 x 2 + m = 0 c 3
nghim
m phn bit.
bi

b) Tm m th hm s (1) c hai im cc tr A v B sao cho tam gic

OAB c din tch bng 48.
(i hc khi B nm 2012)

3. Cho hm s
s y = x3 - 3x 2 + 4

Cu 3: Cho hm s y =

a) Kho
o st s
s binn thin v vv th (C) cca hm s cho.

s thc.
a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1) khi m = 1 .

b) Tm ta
cc giao im
m cca th (C)
C) v ng thng
ng y=4.

2 3
2
x - mx 2 - 2(3m 2 - 1) x +
3
3

(1) , vi m l tham

b) Tm m th hm s (1) c hai im cc tr x1 v x2 sao cho

4. Cho hm s
s y = x3 - 3x 2 + 1

x1 x2 + 2( x1 + x2 ) = 1 .

a) Kho
o st s
s binn thin v vv th caa hm ss cho.

(i hc khi D nm 2012)

b) Vitt phng trnh

tr
tipp tuy
tuyn ca th hm s ti im
m c honh

x = 3.

Cu 4: Cho hm s y =

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2x + 3
(1)
x +1
[ 11]

Bi tp kho st hm s

Bi tp kho st hm s

b) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th (C) ti im c honh bng

x=5.

5. Cho hm s y = 2 x3 + 3x 2 - 1

2. Cho hm s y =

2x +1
2x -1

a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s cho.

b) Bin lun theo m s nghim ca phng trnh 2 x 3 + 3 x 2 - 1 = m .

a) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s cho.

6. Cho hm s y = x3 - 6 x 2 + 9 x .

b) Xc nh ta giao im ca th (C) vi ng thng y = x + 2 .

a) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s cho.

3x + 1
3. Cho hm s y =
x+2

b) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ti im un ca th (C).

c) Vi gi tr no ca tham s m, ng thng y = x + m 2 - m i qua
trung im ca on thng ni hai im cc i v cc tiu ca (C).

a) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s cho.

7. Cho hm s y = - x3 + 3x 2 .

b) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th (C) ti im c honh

x = -1 .

4. Cho hm s y =

a) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s cho.

2x +1
x-2

b) Da vo th (C), bin lun theo m s nghim ca phng trnh

- x3 + 3x 2 - m = 0 .

a) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s cho.

b) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th (C), bit h s gc ca tip
tuyn bng -5.

5. Cho hm s y =

a) Kho st v v th (C1 ) ca hm s khi m = 1.

b) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th (C1 ) ti im c honh x=1

3x + 4
2x - 3

c) Xc nh m cc im cc i v cc tiu ca th (Cm ) i xng

a) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s cho.

vi nhau qua ng thng y=x.

b) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) ti im M(1;-7).

6. Cho hm s y =

8. Cho hm s y = x3 - 3mx 2 + 4m3 c th (Cm ) , m l tham s.

1
3

9. Cho hm s y = x3 - x 2 c th l (C).

2x +1
c th (C).
x +1

a) Kho st hm s.

a) Kho st v v th hm s cho.

b) Vit phng trnh cc tip tuyn ca (C) i qua im A(3;0).

b) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th (C), bit rng tip tuyn i
qua im A(-1;3).

10. Cho hm s y = x3 - 6 x 2 + 9 x (C )
a) Kho st th (C).

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Bi tp kho st hm s

Bi tp kho st hm s

b) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) ti im un.

b) Dng th bin lun s nghim ca phng trnh x 4 - 8 x 2 - m = 0

theo tham s m.

c) Da vo th bin lun s nghim ca phng trnh

x 3 - 6 x 2 + 9 x - m = 0 (m l tham s).

5. Cho hm s y = - x 4 + 2 x 2 + 3 c th (C).

11. Cho hm s y = x3 + 3x 2 + mx + m - 2 c th (Cm )

a) Kho st hm s.

a) Kho st v v th (C) ca hm s khi m = 3.

b) Da vo th (C), xc nh cc gi tr m phng trnh

x 4 - 2 x 2 + m = 0 c 4 nghim phn bit.

b) Gi A l giao im ca (C) v trc tung. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn

ca (C) ti A.
c) Tm gi tr ca m (Cm ) ct trc tung ti 3 im phn bit.

6. Cho hm s y = x 4 - 2 x 2 + 3
a) Kho st hm s cho.
b) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th ti mi im un ca n.

Hm s trng phng y = ax 4 + bx 2 + c

7. Cho hm s y = - x 4 + 2 x 2 + 2 .

1
1. Cho hm s y = f ( x) = x 4 - 2 x 2
4

a) Kho st hm s cho.

a) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s cho.

b) Tm m phng trnh x4 - 2 x2 - 2 + m = 0 lun c 4 nghim phn bit.

b) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th (C) ti im c honh x0 ,

c) Tm m phng trnh - x 4 + 2 x 2 + 2 = m c nhiu nghim phn bit

bit f ''( x0 ) .

nht.

2. Cho hm s y = x - 2 x
4

8. Cho hm s y = x 4 + x 2 - 3

a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s cho.

a) Kho st hm s cho.

b) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th hm s ti im c honh

x = -2 .

b) Chng minh rng ng thng y = -6 x + 7 tip xc vi th ca

hm s cho ti im c honh bng -1.

3. Cho hm s y = x 4 - 2 x 2 + 1

Hm s phn thc y =

a) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s cho.

b) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th (C) ti im cc i ca (C).

4. Cho hm s y =

x4
- 2 x 2 (C )
4

1. Cho hm s y =

ax + b
cx + d

2x +1
x -1

a) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s cho.

a) Kho st th (C)
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