A-40

Appendix A: Digital Logic

Example: Ripple-Carry Addition

Carry In Operand A Operand B 0 0 + 0 0 0 0 0 + 1 0 1 0 1 + 0 0 1 0 1 + 1 1 0 1 0 + 0 0 1 1 0 + 1 1 0 1 1 + 0 1 0 1 1 + 1 1 1

Carry Sum Out

Example: Carry Operand A Operand B Sum 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 + 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0

Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring

1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring

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Appendix A: Digital Logic

Full Adder
Ai Bi Ci 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Si 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 Ci+1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 Bi Ai Ci Full adder Ci+1 Si

Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring

1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring

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Appendix A: Digital Logic

Four-Bit Ripple-Carry Adder

Four full adders connected in a ripple-carry chain form a four-bit ripple-carry adder.

b3 a3

c3

b2 a2

c2

b1 a1

c1

b0 a0

c0

Full adder c4 s3

Full adder

Full adder

Full adder

s2

s1

s0
1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring

Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring