Review Exercises for Chapter P

14. (a) t  0.00271s2  0.0529s  2.671

(b)

16. (a) T  2.9856  104 p3  0.0641 p2  5.2826p  143.1

(b)

21

100

20

350

0
150

110

(c) The curve levels off for s < 20.

(c) For T  300F, p  68.29 pounds per square inch.

(d) t  0.002s2  0.0346s  0.183

(d) The model is based on data up to 100 pounds per

square inch.

21

100

0
0

The model is better for low speeds.

18. (a) Ht  84.4  4.28 sin

6t  3.86

(c)

100

One model is
Ct  58  27 sin
(b)

6t  4.1.

13

0
0

100

(d) The average in Honolulu is 84.4.

The average in Chicago is 58.
0

(e) The period is 12 months (1 year).

13
0

(f) Chicago has greater variability 27 > 4.28.

20. Answers will vary.

Review Exercises for Chapter P

2. y  x  1x  3
x  0 y  0  10  3  3 0, 3

297

y-intercept

y  0 0  x  1x  3 x  1, 3 1, 0, 3, 0

4. xy  4
x  0 and y  0 are both impossible. No intercepts.

x-intercepts
6. Symmetric with respect to y-axis since
y  x4  x2  3
y  x4  x2  3.

298

Chapter P

Preparation for Calculus

8. 4x  2y  6
y  2x  3

2x  15y  25

2
y   15
x  53

Slope: 2

10
8

2
Slope:  15

y-intercept: 3

y-intercept:

5
3

4
2

1
2

12. y  x6  x

10. 0.02x  0.15y  0.25

y
x

x
2

1
2

12

1
2

14. y  x  4  4

3 x  6
16. y  8 

18.

x  1  x2  7

Xmin = -40
Xmax = 40
Xscl = 10
Ymin = -40
Ymax = 40
Yscl = 10

1
1

2
3
4

yx1
0  x2  x  6
No real solution
No points of intersection
The graphs of y  x  1 and
y  x2  7 do not intersect.

5
6

20. y  kx3
(a) 4  k13 k  4 and y  4x3

(b) 1  k23 k   18 and y   18 x3

(c) 0  k03 any k will do!

(d) 1  k13 k  1 y  x3

22.

24.

y
14

3
4

3  t 11

(7, 12)

12
10
8
6

44  9  3t

4
2
2

36
3  1

3  t
3  8

(7, 1)

53  3t
t

The line is vertical and has no slope.

53
3

Review Exercises for Chapter P

26. y  6  0x  2

28. m is undefined. Line is vertical.

x5

y  6 Horizontal line

y
6

(2, 6)

2
4

(5, 4)

299

4
x
2

x
2

2
4
6

2
y  3   x  1
3

30. (a)

32. (a) C  9.25t  13.50t  36,500

 22.75t  36,500

3y  9  2x  2

(b) R  30t

2x  3y  11  0
(b) Slope of perpendicular line is 1.

(c)

30t  22.75t  36,500

7.25t  36,000

y  3  1x  1

t  5034.48 hours to break even.

yx2
0xy2
m

(c)

43
1
21

y  3  1x  1
yx2
0xy2
y3

(d)

y30
34. x2  y  0

36. x  9  y2

Function of x since there is one value for y for each x.

y

Not a function of x since there are two values of y for

some x.
y

6
4

5
4

12 9 6 3
1

1
3

x
3

12

x
1

3
4

38. (a) f 4  42  2  18



f 1  1  2  1

(because 4 < 0)

40. f x  1  x2 and gx  2x  1

(b) f 0  0  2  2

(a) f x  gx  1  x2  2x  1  x2  2x

(c)

(b) f xgx  1  x22x  1  2x3  x2  2x  1

(c) g f x  g1  x2  21  x2  1  3  2x2

300

Chapter P

Preparation for Calculus

42. f x  x3  3x2

44. (a) f x  x2x  62

100

(0, 0)
6
4

(2, 4)

10

25

(a) The graph of g is obtained from f by a vertical shift

down 1 unit, followed by a reflection in the x-axis:

(b) gx  x3x  62

300

gx    f x  1
 x3  3x2  1
2

(b) The graph of g is obtained from f by a vertical shift

upwards of 1 and a horizontal shift of 2 to the right.
gx  f x  2  1

10
100

(c) hx  x3x  63

 x  2  3x  2  1
3

200
4

10

800

46. For company (a) the profit rose rapidly for the first year,
and then leveled off. For the second company (b), the
profit dropped, and then rose again later.

48. (a) y  1.204x  64.2667

(b)

70

33
0

(c) The data point 27, 44 is probably an error.

Without this point, the new model is
y  1.4344x  66.4387.

Problem Solving for Chapter P

2. Let y  mx  1 be a tangent line to the circle from the point 0, 1. Then
x2   y  12  1
x2  mx  1  12  1

m2  1x2  4mx  3  0

Setting the discriminant b2  4ac equal to zero,
16m2  4m2  13  0
16m2  12m2  12
4m2  12
m  3
Tangent lines: y  3x  1 and y   3x  1.

Problem Solving for Chapter P

4. (a) f x  1

(b) f x  1

(c) 2f x

(d) f x

4
2

(e) f x

(f) f x

y
4



2
x

(g) f  x 

y
4
2

2
4

6. (a) 4y  3x  300 y 

300  3x
4

3x2  300x
300  3x
Ax  x2y  x

2
2

(b)
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000

Domain: 0 < x < 100

1500
1000
500
x
25

50

75

100

Maximum of 3750 ft 2 at x  50 ft, y  37.5 ft.

3
(c) Ax   x2  100x
2
3
  x2  100x  2500  3750
2
3
  x  502  3750
2
A50  3750 square feet is the maximum area,
where x  50 ft and y  37.5 ft.

301

302

Chapter P

Preparation for Calculus

8. Let d be the distance from the starting point to the beach.

Average velocity 

distance
time

2d
d
d

120 60

2
1
1

120 60

 80 km
hr
y

10.
4
3
2

(4, 2)

1
x
1

(a) Slope 

1
32 1
 . Slope of tangent line is greater than .
94 5
5

(b) Slope 

21 1
1
 . Slope of tangent line is less than .
41 3
3

(c) Slope 

10
2.1  2 10
 . Slope of tangent line is greater than .
41
4.1  4 41

(d) Slope 

f 4  h  f 4
4  h  4


(e)

4  h  2

4  h  2

h




4  h  2

4  h  2
4  h  2

4  h  4
h4  h  2
1
4  h  2

,h0

1
1
As h gets closer to 0, the slope gets closer to . The slope is at the point 4, 2.
4
4

Problem Solving for Chapter P

I

12. (a)

kI

x2  y2

x  42  y2

x  42  y2 k2x2  y2

k2  1x2  k2  1y2  8x  16
If k  1, then x  2 is a vertical line. So, assume k2  1  0. Then
x2  y2 

8x
16

k2  1 k2  1

x  k

4
1

x  k

4
1

 y2 

16
16

k2  1 k2  12

 y2 

k 4k 1 , Circle

1
2

(b) If k  3, x 

 y2 

32

(c) For large k, the center of the circle is near 0, 0, and the radius becomes smaller.
y
2
1
x
2

( 12 , 0)

14. f x  y 

1
1x

(a) Domain: all x  1

Range: all y  0
(b) f  f x  f

1 1 x 

1
1
1x

1
1x x1


1x1
x
x
1x

Domain: all x  0, 1
(c) f  f  f x  f

x x 1 

1
1
 x
x1
1
1
x
x

Domain: all x  0, 1
(d) The graph is not a line. It has holes at 0, 0 and 1, 1.
y
2
1
x
2

303