BDH Milestones

1927: BDH invents and

patents the process for
extracting high purity
Vitamin A from cod liver oil

1908: British Drug

Houses, Ltd. (BDH)
founded in London, UK

1900

1910

1920

1930

1914-18: BDH expands

into fine and lab chemicals,
helping UK military with
critical materials during WWI

1923: BDH becomes

UKs largest
producer of insulin

1950

1960

1970

1980

1966-67: BDH launches ARISTAR

high purity reagents for trace analysis,
and is renamed BDH Chemicals

1934: BDH writes the book specifying purity and test

methods for over 200 chemicals (AnalaR Standards)

1.00794
1

ATOMIC
NUMBER

0.0899
1s1

6.941
1

1615
453.7

0.53
1s22s1

Li

Na

1.85

[Ne]3s

Sodium

1380
922

1.74

[Ar]4s

Potassium

37
961
312.63

1.55

85.4678
1

Rb

Rubidium

1655
1042

2.54

40.078
2

Ca
87.62

Sr

Cs

2078
1002

3.59

Fr

[Rn]7s1

Francium

88
1413
973

5.0

44.9559
3

Sc

2.99
[Ar]3d14s2

39

SYMBOL

ELECTRON
CONFIGURATION

4.47
[Kr]4d 5s
1

22

47.87
4,3

3560
1935

4.54

Ti

[Ar]3d 4s
2

40
4682
2128

6.51

Zr

[Kr]4d 5s

72
4875
2504

Ra

[Rn]7s2

Radium

5,4,3,2

3650
2163

6.11
[Ar]3d34s2

Nb

[Kr]4d 5s
4

178.49
4

Hf

13.31
[Xe]4f145d26s2

16.65

Cr

[Ar]3d s5
4

4912
2896

10.22

95.94

6,5,4,3,2

Mo
5

Ta

[Xe]4f145d36s2

Tantalum

5825
3695

183.84

6,5,4,3,2

19.3

[Xe]4f145d46s2

Tungsten

104 (261) 105 (262) 106

Rf

[Rn]5f146d27s2

Rutherfordium

Db

[Rn]5f146d37s2

Dubnium

57 138.9055 58
3

3737
1191

La

6.15
[Xe]5d16s2

Lanthanum

89
3470*
1324

10.07

Ac

Actinium

(263)

Sg

[Rn]5f146d47s2

Seaborgium

140.12
3,4

Ce

6.77
[Xe]4f15d16s2

Cerium

(277)

[Rn]6d17s2

3715
1071

2235
1518

7.44

4538
2477

11.5

Pr

Praseodymium

5870
3455

21.0

5060
2028

Th

11.72
[Rn]6d27s2

Thorium

4300*
1845

5,4

Pa

15.4
[Rn]5f26d17s2

Protactinium

Tc
7,6,4,2

Re

Rhenium

(262)

Bh

Bohrium

144.24
3

Nd

Neodymium
238.029
6,5,4,3

18.95
[Rn]5f36d17s2

Uranium

27
3143
1768

8.90

[Ar]3d6 s

44
4425
2610

12.37

101.07

Ru

[Kr]4d 5s

76
5300
3300

22.6

3273
1315

3970
2236

12.41

[Kr]4d 5s

190.23

Os

77

20.2

Ir

[Xe]4f145d76s2

Iridium

(265)

109

(266)

Mt

[Rn]5f146d77s2

Meitnerium

(145)
3

62

150.36

3,2

Pm Sm
2067
1347

(237)

6,5,4,3

7.52
[Xe]4f66s2

Np

Samarium

94

[Rn]5f46d17s2

Neptunium

3505
913

19.84

3240
1825

12.0

10.811

2.34
1s22s2p1

(244)

6,5,4,3

Pu

[Rn]5f67s2

Plutonium

78

2,4

Pd
2,4

Pt

21.45

[Xe]4f145d96s1

Platinum

110

(281)

Ds

[Rn]5f146d87s11

Darmstedtium

63
1800
1095

151.964

3,2

Eu

5.24
[Xe]4f76s2

Europium

95
2880
1449

13.7

Cu

(243)

6,5,4,3

1180
692.73

7.13

Al

Ag

[Kr]4d 5s
10

Americium

1040
594.26

8.65

Au

[Xe]4f145d106s1

Gold

Rg

[Rn]5f146d97s1

Roentgenium

64
3545
1585

157.25
3

Gd

112.41
2

Cd

629.88
234.31

13.55

2,1

Hg

[Xe]4f145d106s2

112

(285)

13.5

[Rn]5f76d17s2

Curium

[Ar]3d 4s p
10

2.26
1s22s2p2

49

7.31

In

[Kr]4d 5s p
10

81

3,1

Tl

11.85

[Rn]5f146d107s2

Copernicium

97

113

(286)

(Ununtrium)

14*

4,3

Bk

[Rn]5f97s2

Berkelium

Ge

2840
1685

Dy

8.55
[Xe]4f106s2

98

1170*

(251)
3

Cf

[Rn]5f107s2

Californium

3,5,4,2

1.251
1s22s2p3

2000

2010

1995: HiPerSolv line of

solvents for HPLC is introduced

82
2023
600.65

11.35

Tin

4,2

Pb

114

(289)

1130*

876 (subl.)
1090
(28 atm.)

5.78

74.9216
3,5

As

Einsteinium

958
494

4.79

[Ar]3d 4s p
10

1,3,5,7

Cl

239.18
172.17

18

39.948

Ar

87.45
83.95

1860
903.91

6.69

3,5

Sb

[Kr]4d 5s p
2

Bi

[Xe]4f145d106s2p3

Bismuth

115

(288)

167.26
3

Er

3140
1802

9.07
[Xe]4f126s2

100

1800*

(257)
3

Fd

[Rn]5f127s2

Fermium

127.60

-2,4,6

1261
722.72

6.24

Te

[Kr]4d 5s p
10

527

9.3

79.904

1,5,7

Br

331.85
265.95

3.12

[Ar]3d 4s p
10

Bromine

(209)
4,2,6

457.5
386.7

4.93
[Kr]4d 5s p

Po

85
610*
575

116

(210)
1,3,5,7

At

Astatine

(293)

117

(294)

Livermorium

211.4
202

9.73

(222)
0,2

Rn

[Xe]4f145d106s2p6

Radon

118

(294)

(Ununseptium) (Ununoctium)

3,2

Tm

1469
1092

173.04
3,2

Yb

9.32
[Xe]4f136s2

6.97
[Xe]4f146s2

Thulium

Ytterbium

86

[Rn]5f146d107s27p6

69 168.9342 70

1100*

Xe

[Kr]4d105s2p6

[Rn]5f146d107s27p4

101

5.90

0,2,4,6

Lv Uus Uuo

2223
1818

165.1
161.39

131.29

Xenon

[Xe]4f145d106s2p4 [Xe]4f145d106s2p5

Polonium

Kr

3.75
[Ar]3d104s2p6

1,5,7

0,2

120.85
116

53 126.9045 54
10

83.80

Krypton

Iodine

Tellurium

3,5

9.75

Se

52

83 208.9804 84
1837
544.59

-2,4,6

Selenium

121.760

10

78.96

10

Argon

Chlorine

[Ar]3d 4s p

Erbium

Es

[Rn]5f117s2

35.4527

36

Holmium
3

Neon

35

(252)

17

Ne

0.900
1s22s2p6

34

67 164.9303 68
99

33

(Ununpentium)

Ho

2,4,6

Sulfur

Fl Uup

8.80
[Xe]4f116s2

1.696
1s22s2p5

27.10
24.55

20.1797

1.784
[Ne]3s2p6

[Rn]5f146d107s27p2

2968
1747

85.0
53.55

10

3.214
[Ne]3s2p5

-1

Fluorine

32.066

717.82
392.2

18.99840

2.07
[Ne]3s2p4

Antimony

207.2

1.429
1s22s2p4

Helium

1.82
[Ne]3s2p3

Arsenic

[Kr]4d 5s p
2

90.188
54.8

Oxygen

553
317.3

Sn

10

-2

He

0.1785
1s2

17

15.9994

3,5,4

4,2

7.31

15 30.97376 16

50 118.710 51
2876
505.12

77.344
63.15

[Ar]3d 4s p
2

Flerovium

162.50

14.0067

Phosphorus

72.61

10

Dysprosium

(247)

Si

Lead

Thallium

3,4

Tb

4,2

[Xe]4f145d106s2p1 [Xe]4f145d106s2p2

65 158.9253 66
3500
1629

5.32

204.383

1746
577

3107
1211.5

16

Nitrogen

2.33
[Ne]3s2p2

32

Germanium

114.82

2350
429.78

28.0855

2630
1683

Terbium

1620

Ga

Cn Uut

Gadolinium
3

Indium

200.59

8.23
[Xe]4f96s2

(247)

5.91

7.90
[Xe]4f75d16s2

96

2478
302.92

69.723

Gallium

Mercury

(281)

31

Cadmium

3,1

111

Zn
10

79 196.9665 80
19.3

[Kr]4d 5s

Silver

3130
1337.58

65.39

Zinc

10.50

5100*
3825*

Silicon

Aluminum

10

47 107.868 48
2436
1235.08

4,2

Carbon

2.70
[Ne]3s2p1

[Ar]3d 4s

Am Cm

[Rn]5f7s72

30

15

12.011

[Ar]3d 4s
10

10

195.08

4100
2042.1

8.96

2,1

13 26.98154 14
12

63.546

Boron

Copper

106.42

[Kr]4d

2840
1356.6

Palladium

2,3,4,6

22.6

Promethium

4175*
912

[Ar]3d 4s
8

192.22

4700
2720

Ni

Nickel

Rh
8

7.22
[Xe]4f56s2

93

8.90

2,3,4

[Rn]5f146d67s2

61

3005
1726

Rhodium

Hs

Co

2,3

14

4275
2365

11

28 58.6934 29

45 102.9055 46

[Xe]4f145d66s2

2,3

2,3,4,6,8

108

58.9332

Cobalt

2,3,4,6,8

10

[Ar]3d 4s

4 2

Hassium

7.01
[Xe]4f 46s2

4407
1408

Fe

Osmium

[Rn]5f146d57s2

3347
1294

2,3

Ruthenium

[Xe]4f145d56s2

7.874

186.207

107

3023
1808

55.845

Iron

Technetium

75

26

(98)

[Kr]4d 5s

90 232.0381 91 231.0359 92
4

Mn
5

3,4

6.77
[Xe]4f36s2

7,6,4,2,3

Manganese

59 140.9077 60
3785
1204

54.9380

[Ar]3d 4s

43

Molybdenum

25

[Kr]4d 5s

73 180.9479 74
5730
3293

6,3,2

7.19

5,3

8.57

51.996

2945
2130

41 92.9064 42
5015
2742

Chromium

Niobium

Hafnium

(226)

23 50.9415 24

Zirconium

13

2740
933.5

Vanadium

91.224

at 26 atm

NAME

Titanium

88.9059

3611
1795

Ba

Barium

3109
1814

Cesium
(223)

21

137.33

[Xe]6s2

Zn

Yttrium

Strontium

[Xe]6s1

87

Scandium

[Kr]5s2

55 132.9054 56
1.87

Mg

[Ar]4s2

38

DENSITY at 300 K (3)

(g/cm3)

Calcium

1.532
[Kr]5s1

944
301.54

24.305

[Ne]3s

1757
1112

65.39

Zinc

20

(Bold most stable)

7.13
[Ar]3d104s 2

Magnesium

39.0983

1180
692.73

1s22s2

0.86

MELTING
POINT, K

Be

3243
1560

1033
336.8

30

9.01218

11 22.98977 12
19

1990

4.00260

4.216
0.95

1) Black symbol solid.

Red symbol gas.
Blue symbol liquid.
Outline symbol synthetically prepared.
(2) Based upod carbon-12. ( ) indicates
most stable or best known isotope.
(3) Entries marked with daggers refer to
the gaseous state at 273 K and 1 atm
and are given in units of g/L.

OXIDATION STATES

KEY

Beryllium

Lithium

0.97

ATOMIC
WEIGHT (2)

BOILING
POINT, K

Hydrogen

1156
371.0

2007: BDH Chemicals available

exclusively through VWR
International in US and Canada

18

20.28
13.81

1940

1973: BDH becomes one

of the worlds largest
suppliers of liquid
crystals used in displays

950
300

1944: BDH becomes integrally involved in

development and production of penicillin

(258)
3

Md

[Rn]5f137s2

Mendelevium

102

1100*

(259)
2,3

No

[Rn]5f147s2

Nobelium

71
3668
1936

174.967

Lu

9.84
[Xe]4f145d16s2

Lutetium

103

1900*

(262)
3

Lr

[Rn]5f147s27p1

Lawrencium

EXPERIENCE | VALUE | RESULTS

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0712 20M Lit. No. 02188REV