Phng php khoan nhi cc DTH (Down To Hole Methods) TS.

Trn nh Ngc

Tm tt: Phng php khoan nhi cc DTH c m t vn tt trong bi bo. Mt s c im chnh ca phng php ny cng c xem xt v nh gi. Abstract: The Down To Hole (DTH) methods are described in briefly in this paper. Some Abstract main characters of these method are evaluated.
1. t vn : Cng tc thi cng cc l phn quan trng trong xy dng cng trnh. Cc phng php thi cng cc bng phng php ng c p dng trong nhiu cng trnh xy dng trong nhng nm trc y. Phng php ng cc c u im ni bt l gi r, tin cy cao, d kim sot cht lng. Tuy nhin, trong thc t, vic ng cc qua cc tng t ct cht l rt kh khn. Cc gii php khc phc nh khoan mi kh cho kt qu tt bi di tc ng ca nc ngm, cc h khoan mi d b sp ti tng c ct cht. Ti nhiu cng trnh, cc cc c khoan mi c t l gy trong qu trnh ng rt cao. Ngoi ra, vic ng cc gy nn chn ng nh hng bt li n cng trnh ln cn v gy nn ting n ln. Nhm loi tr nh hng ca chn ng v ting n, phng php p cc c s dng thnh cng trong nhiu cng trnh hin nay. Phng php p cc vn cha khc phc c nhc im ca phng php ng khi cn a cc qua cc lp ct cht. Mt khc, c th p c cc, cn c mt khi lng ln i trng phc v cho cng tc p cc. Trong nhiu trng hp, cc i trng ny tc ng ln nn t gy nn dch chuyn nn t dn n lm h hng cc cng trnh ln cn v gy nn dch chuyn ng k cc cc c thi cng trong mt bng cng trnh. Cc phng php khoan nhi cc khc phc c cc nhc im ca phng php ng v p cc. Mt s phng php khoan nhi cc c k n trong phn sau. 2. Phng Phng php khoan nhi cc: cc Hin nay, c rt nhiu phng php khoan nhi cc. chng sp thnh h khoan, ngi ta s dng dung dch gi thnh hoc ng vch. Phng php gi thnh bng dung dch c u im ni bt l gi thnh r, kinh ph u t ban u khng ln. Tuy nhin, cc dung dch gi thnh li l tc nhn lm gim kh nng chu ti ma st bn ca cc. Phng php gi thnh bng ng vch khc phc c nhc im gim kh nng chu ti ma st bn ca cc nhng i hi u t thit b ln c th h v rt c ng vch. Vi nhng cc c kch thc ln, vic h v rt ng vch n ht chiu su h cc rt kh khn cn c thit b chuyn dng c kh nng thi cng nng, h ng vch. Cc thit b chuyn dng ny c gi cao v c th l nguyn nhn chnh cha ph bin ti Vit nam. Trong cc phng php cc khoan nhi, c hai loi vt liu nhi khc nhau. Loi th nht l nhi va b tng vo h khoan theo phng php va dng. Phng php thi cng ny n gin, gi thnh thi cng r, li nhun c kh nng cao. Tuy nhin, chnh do phng php b tng trong iu kin di t nn cc kh t c cht lng cao. Nhm kim sot c cht lng cc, ngoi cc th nghim kim tra vt thng thng,

ngi ta tin hnh thm cc th nghim hin trng nh th nghim siu m cc (SONIC) v th nghim kim tra ng nht bin dng nh (PIT). Mc d b sung cc th nghim kim tra cht lng ti hin trng, cht lng vt liu thi cng cc vn kh t c cao. Nhm khc phc nhc im ny, ngi ta quy nh cng khng nn ca vt liu cc thp i khi tnh ton thit k. D cho mc b tng l rt cao, gi tr ny ch c quy nh l 60 daN/cm2 ti Vit nam v 100 daN/cm2 ti mt s nc c trnh thi cng cao. Thc t cho thy, ti nhiu hin trng nht l ti nhng ni mi cc c t vo tng cng, kh nng chu ti cho php theo vt liu cc thp hn nhiu so vi kh nng chu ti ca nn t. y chnh l s lng ph ti nguyn. c nhiu kin mun nng cao hn gi tr kh nng chu ti ca vt liu cc khoan nhi va b tng. Tuy nhin, c th c mt gi tr cao hn cn c cng ngh thi cng c trnh tt hn hoc thay i bn cht ca cng ngh thi cng v chnh l loi vt liu nhi th hai_khng nhi va b tng m l nhi cc c sn.

(1a)

(1b)

(1c)

(1d)

Hnh 1. Phng php khoan nhi cc c sn gi thnh bng ng vch

Thi cng theo phong php khoan nhi cc c sn gi thnh bng ng vch c thc hin theo trnh t sau (minh ha bng cc hnh nh trong hnh 1). (1a)_ Khoan n su thit k, thnh h khoan c gi bng ng vch. Trong qu trnh khoan, ng vch c xoay v nng h bng h thng thy lc. (1b)_ Cn khoan c rt ra khi h khoan sau khi bm va xung y h khoan. (1c)_ Th cc vo h khoan. (1d)_ Rt ng vch. Phng php thi cng khoan nhi cc gi thnh bng ng vch tha hng cc u im ca phng php khoan nhi trc . Ngoi ra, sc chu ti ca cc c tng ln

ng k bi khng lm gim kh nng chu ti ma st bn v kh nng chu ti theo vt liu cc c tnh ton theo cng b tng thc t ca cc c sn. Do cc c c sn trn mt t nn vic kim tra cht lng cc n gin v dng hn khi c cc trong h khoan. Vi phng php ny, khng cn tin hnh cc th nghim kim tra cht lng cc (PIT v SONIC). Kch thc ca cc ph thuc vo thit b thi cng. u t ban u mua my mc thit b tng i ln. Trn cc hnh 2 v hnh 3 trnh by mt s hnh nh ca thit b khoan nhi cc.

Hnh 2. Khoan h ng vch

Hnh 3. Nhi cc vo lng ng vch

3. Tnh ton sc chu ti cc cc khoan nhi: nhi Ph thuc vo c im thi cng cc cc, sc chu ti ca cc cc khoan nhi Rp (kN) c xc nh theo cng thc sau: Rp = min (Rps, Rpc) trong : Rpc l sc chu ti cc xc nh theo vt liu cc; Rps l sc chu ti cc xc nh theo t nn. Rpc v Rps c xc nh theo cc cng thc trong bng di y ph thuc vo phng php nhi cc. gi thnh bng dung dch Nhi va BT
Rpc = 60 . A Rps = A.fp + CL.fs.K K <1 Rpc = Rc . A Rps = A.fp + CL.Fs.K

gi thnh bng ng vch

Rpc = 60 . A Rps = A.fp + CL.fs.K K=1 Rpc = Rc . A Rps = A.fp + CL.Fs.K K >1

Nhi cc c sn

K0 trong : A l din tch mt ct ngang ca cc, m2; C, L l chu vi v chiu di cc, m; fp v fs l sc khng n v u mi cc v ma st b thn cc kN/m2; K l h s huy ng ma st thnh bn thay i ty theo bin php h cc; Rc l cng khng nn ca b tng cc c sn, kN/m2. 4. Kt lun: lun Phng php khoan nhi cc gi thnh bng ng vch tha hng cc u im ca phng php khoan nhi va b tng v khc phc c cc nhc im ca cc phng php khoan nhi trc . y l phng php thi cng cc ph hp vi hu ht cc vng t v loi cng trnh xy dng hin nay.