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D bt bo hoa 1 =
- 1 lin kt ba (
D bt bo hoa 2 =
- 1 vong no
D bt bo hoa 1 =
VD: - Benzen: C
6
H
6
co
2.6 2 6
4
2
+
= =
Phn t co 3 lin kt
1 vong 4.
- Stiren: C
7
H
8
co
2.7 2 6
5
2
+
= =
Phn t co 4 lin kt
1 vong 5.
H
Mt s nhm chc thng gp v s lin kt
ca nhm chc
TT NHQM CHHC CGNG THHC CFU TRS S TIN "T
1 Ancol - OH - O H 0
2 Ete - O - 0
Thu !nU ! U
CH CH
2
H
O -
O - H
CHUYN CCH VIT NG PHN TIP
3
Xeton (cacbonyl) - CO-
,,
C
O
1
4
Andehit (Iomyl) - CHO
,,
C
O
1
5
Axit (cacboxyl) - COOH
,,
C
O
1
6
Este - COO -
,,
C
O
1
V. C$/ W4X/ 3#45&+ YZ&+ )[ K%O3 />&+ 3#@/ /\] 321 #;^ _$/ )`&# /$/ )*&+ ,#-&
"#c $% Tinh d bt bo hoa (s lin kt
va s vong).
"#c &% Dua vao s lng cac nguyn t O, N, . va d bt bo hoa d xac dinh cac nhom chc phu hp
(vi du nh nhom OH, -CHO, -COOH, -NH
2
, .). Dng thoi xac dinh d bt bo hoa trong phn gc
hidrocacbon.
"#c '% Vit cu truc mch cacbon (khng phn nhanh, co nhanh, vong) va da lin kt bi (di, ba) vao
mch cacbon nu co.
"#c (% Da nhom chc vao mch cacbon (thng thong cac nhom chc cha cacbon thong dc da
lun vao mch o bc 3). Lu y dn trong hp kem bn hoc khng tn ti cua nhom chc (vi du nhom OH
khng bn va s bi chuyn vi khi gn vi cacbon co lin kt bi).
"#c )% Din s H vao d dam bao du hoa tri cua cac nguyn t, sau do xet dng phn hinh hc nu co. Chu
y vi cac bai tp trc nghim co th khng cn din s nguyn t H.
a. MB3 CD /#b c N#% _d3 )*&+ ,#-& 3#e1 )%f] N%'& +%g 3#%O3
Ty tng bi ton c th m cn c vo iu kin gi thit gi!i h"n cc t#$%ng h&' c( th c( )* gi+' cho
vic xc ,nh )- .ng 'h/n ch0nh xc v nh1nh ch(ng2 31u /y 4 m5t )- t#$%ng h&' ti6u biu.
Hp cht tac dung vi H
2
(Ni, t
0
)