Greek, Ancient and Medieval (before 1454)

Vernacular

Romanization
A

Vernacular

Romanization
a

g (n before , , , and )

Th

th

, C

, , (final)

y (u in diphthongs , , , ,
, and )

Ph

ph

Ch

ch

Ps

ps

Archaic letters

Note
The rough breathing ( ) is romanized h. When it appears with a vowel or a diphthong, the h
precedes the romanized vowel or diphthong; when it appears with rho ( , ), the h follows the
romanized rho (Rh, rh). The h is supplied as necessary when the rough breathing does not
appear in the Greek vernacular text (for example, when the text is in all capitals).
Other diacritical marks, such as the smooth breathing, the coronis, acute, circumflex, and grave
accents, and the diaeresis, as well as iota subscript and adscript, are omitted in romanization.
Numerals
Greek numerals

Character

Value

Character

Value

100

200

300

400

500

, ,

600

700

800

900

10

1000

11

1001

1002

20

21

2000

22

3000

4000

30

5000

40

50

60

70

80

90

Examples

Hsiodou tou Askraiou Erga kai hmerai

(= )
(=

H tou Homrou Ilias

)
(=

Philbos Peri hdons

)
(= )

Agnst the

keitai par Had

(= )

Aitia Rhmaika

Hoti oud hdes zn esti kat Epikouron

Peri tou m rhadis pisteuein diabol

aypnous nyktas iauon

Ltous kai Dios huios

hyikon paschein

kalon kagathon

Peri ilingn

hote t iache salpinx

Encheiridion harmoniks

alasta de werga pathon kaka msamenoi

Damareta t erata te Wianthemis

(= )

xenwos

(= )

Patroklos