TON CAO CP 1: - MA TRN & NH THC - H PHNG TRNH TUYN TNH I.

Ma trn v nh thc - A= (aij)mxn , B= (bij)mxn m=n: A l ma trn vung A=B: aij=bij a11, a22, ann: ng cho chnh Ma trn tam gic: ma trn vung c tt c cc phn t nm v 1 pha ca ng cho chnh bng 0. m=1: A l ma trn dng n=1: A l ma trn ct Ma trn 0: aij=0 Ma trn chuyn v: AT= (aji)mxn Ma trn cho: ma trn vung c tt c cc phn t ngoi ng cho chnh bng 0 Ma trn n v cp n: (In): a11=a22==ann=1 II. nh thc 1. Ma trn con - Ma trn con cp k - Ma trn con ng vi mt phn t (b i cc dng i,j)

2. nh thc A=(aij)n : DetA or |A| = a11detM11 a12detM12++(-1)1+na1ndetM1n n=1: DetA= a11detM11 a21detM21++(-1)n+1an1detMn1 Tnh cht: 1. Det AT = Det A 2. i ch 2 dng (2 ct) cho nhau th nh thc i du 3. nh thc c 2 dng (2 ct) ging nhau th bng 0 4. Phn b i s ca phn t aij= (-1)i+jDij Cch tnh nh thc - nh thc cp 2: Tch cc phn t trn ng cho chnh tr tch phn t trn ng cho ph - nh thc cp 3: Tng cc tch trn ng cho chnh tr tng cc tch trn ng cho ph - nh thc cp n: Khai trin nh thc theo dng hoc ct, s dng phn b i s Bin i thnh cc nh thc tnh d hn hoc ma trn tam gic III. Ma trn nghch o A.A-1 = A-1.A = I khi det(A) 0 (det A0, A c gi l ma trn khng suy bin) nh l 1: Nu A c ma trn nghch o th ma trn nghch o A-1 l duy nht.

nh l 2: Cch tnh ma trn nghch o Cch 1: - Tnh det(A) - A-1 = 1/det(A) * (cij) trong cij= (-1)i+jdet(Mij) * Lu : X.A=B => X=B. A-1 Cch 2: Phng php Gauss Jordan - Tnh det(A) - Vit ma trn I bn phi ma trn A - Bin i ng thi sao cho A v ma trn n v I, th ma trn thu c t qua php bin i ca ma trn I ban u l ma trn nghch o Tnh cht: 1. Det(A-1) =1/det(A) 2. (AB)-1=A-1 B-1 3. (kA)-1 =1/k * A-1 IV. Hng ca ma trn (r(A)) Hng ca ma trn A l cp cao nht ca cc nh thc con khc khng ca A Lu : Nu tt c cc nh thc cp p u bng 0 th mi nh thc con cp cao hn cng bng 0. A=0 => r(A)=0 Cch tnh hng ca ma trn

- PP nh thc bao quanh: Tnh nh thc con t cp thp n cp cao - PP bin i v ma trn bc thang: hng ca ma trn bc thang bng s dng c phn t khc 0 V. H phng trnh tuyn tnh