Past Perfect The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the

past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past.

[Had + past participle]

Examples:

You had studied English before you moved to New York. Had you studied English before you moved to New York? You had not studied English before you moved to New York.

Past Perfect Continuous We use the Past Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and continued up until another time in the past. "For five minutes" and "for two weeks" are both durations which can be used with the Past Perfect Continuous. Notice that this is related to the Present Perfect Continuous; however, the duration does not continue until now, it stops before something else in the past. FORM

[Had been + verb(ing)]

Examples:

You had been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived. Had you been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived? You had not been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arri

Somebody, Someone, Anybody, Anyone The words somebody, something, somewhere etc., are used in affirmative clauses, whereas the words anybody, anything, anywhere etc., are used in negative and interrogative sentences. There is somebody at the door. Did anyone come? I dont want to go anywhere too expensive. If you need anything just tell me. When these words are used as subjects they are followed by singular verbs. Everybody loves her. Everything is ready.

Note that somebody is normally used to refer to only one person. To refer to more than one person, we use some people. Somebody wants to meet you. Some people want to meet you. To refer back to somebody, anybody etc., they, them and their are used with singular meanings. Nobody came, did they? (Here the pronoun they refers back to nobody.) Somebody left their umbrella in the office. (Here the pronoun their refers back to somebody.)