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San Nam
San Nam
NI)
1. Khi nim chung
Sn nm l sn khng c dm, bn sn da trc tip trn ct(hnh 1). Dng sn nm s gim
c chiu cao kt cu, vic lm vn khun n gin v d dng b tr ct thp. Sn nm c
c mt di phng nn vic chiu sng v thng gi tt hn sn c dm. Ngoi ra vic ngn
chia cc phng trn mt sn cng s linh hot v rt thch hp vi cc bc tng ngn di
ng. v.v...
Khi chu ti trng thng ng, bn sn c th b ph lm v ct theo kiu b ct m thng.
tng cng kh nng chu ct, c th to ra m ct (hnh 2a) hoc to bn ng ct c
chiu dy ln hn (hnh 2b).
>
>Hnh 2. M ct v bn u ct>
>
Bn c chiu dy ln hn trn u ct cn c tc dng tng cng kh nng chu momen, v
tit din st n ct, momen un trong bn t gi tr ln nht.
Chiu rng nhp thch hp vi sn nm, thng l 4 n 8 mt i vi b tng ct thp
thng, khi nhp ca bn t 7m tr ln nn c ct thp ng li trc c th gim chiu dy
bn v gim vng.
Chiu dy cc bn sn nm khng c ng lc trc, c th ly khong 1/30 nhp hoc tnh s
b theo cng thc
>
(1)
>
Trong :
l2, l1 Nhp ni ca bn (khong cch gia hai mp ct ) theo phng di v phng ngn.
q - Ti trng ton phn (kpa) bao gm c hot ti v trng lng bn thn.
K1
= 1 i vi bn nm gia
= 1,3 i vi bn nm gia v c dm bo
= 1,6 i vi bn nm ngoi v khng c dm bo
hb - chiu dy ca bn sn
i vi sn c bn u ct c tng chiu dy th hb c tnh theo :
>
(2)
>
Bn u ct phi c b dy c tng thm t nht bng 1/4 chiu dy ca bn gia v b
rng ca di nn phi khng nh hn 1/3 khong cch gia hai trc ct (hai trc ca bn u
ct trng vi trc ca ct).
i vi bn sn nm c ct thp ng lc trc, chiu dy ca bn c th s b gi thit
khng nh hn 1/42 cnh ln ca bc ct i vi bn sn c khng di hai nhp.
Chiu dy ca bn hoc chiu dy ca bn u ct phi c tnh ton kim tra loi tr
kh nng bn b m thng. Theo tiu chun thit k TCVN 5574-91 th phi tho mn iu
kin sau :
>
(3)
>
>
-0,063FL
0,071FL 0,055FL
Lc ct
0,45F
>->
0,6F
>->
0,5F
Momen un ca ct
>
0,04FL >->
>->
0,022FL
>->
0,022FL
0,4F
>75%>
>25%>
>45%>
Khi khng c bn u ct, vic chia ra di gia nhp v gii trn u ct c thc hin theo
hnh (4). Khi c bn u ct m cnh nh ca bn u ct nh hn 1/3 cnh nh ca bn
(tnh theo trc ct) th b qua s c mt ca bn u ct. Trong trng hp ngc li th b
rng ca di trn u ct ly bng b rng ca bn u ct. Khi b rng ca di trn u
ct v b rng ca di gia nhp c th s khng bng nhau, vic phn phi momen cho hai
di ny theo bng 2 ng thi cn phi t l vi b rng ca di.
Momen phn phi cho ct theo bng 2 cn phi chia cho ct trn v ct di theo t l
cng ca chng.
so snh di y trnh by thm phng php trc tip ca c xc nh momen un.
Phng php ny p dng khi s khc nhau v nhp (bc ct) khng qu 10%. Vic phn
chia cc di gia nhp v di trn u ct ly theo hnh 4a. Theo tng phng ngi ta tnh
gi tr momen un M0 nh trn hnh 5.
>
MN = 0,35M0
MG = - 0,65M0
- i vi cc bn bin ( pha ngoi) th phn phi theo bng 3.
>Bng 3 - Phn phi momen cho bn bin>>
Tnh trng gi ta bin MGA/M0 MNB/M0 MGB/M0
Ta t do
0,60
0,80
Ta trn ct
0,25
0,50
0,75
0,50
0,70
>Hnh 8>
>
i vi nhng sn khng c m ct hoc khng c bn u ct nu iu kin 3 v kh
nng chng m thng bn khng c tho mn th c th t thm ct thp chu ct nh
trn hnh 9.
.............
Ct ai hnh 9a,b bao ly bn ct dc c xc nh nh i vi dm. Tuy vy phng n
dng ct ai ch thch hp cho bn c chiu dy tng i ln ( > 30cm).
Hnh 9c th hin vic gia cng bn ct gia bng thp hnh. i vi ct bin cn phi
c cch lin kt truyn momen t bn sang ct.
Hnh 9d th hin mt phng n t thp gia cng bn chu ct, phng n ny
c th nghim v t ra rt hiu qu.