Lsh Sunjwn Diaforikn Exissewn me to Matlab

To

MATLAB

arijm

ap

kai

algorjmou

shmeisei

ja

ap

Ordinary Dierential Equations toolbox

to

gia

thn

arijmhtik

perigryoume

ma

ap

sumbouleutetai
merik

sugkekrimna

to

aut

egqeirdio
qoun

aut

qrsh

ete

eplush
ti

sunjwn

mejdou ,

MATLAB

tou

megalterh

txh

diaforikn

ode23

thn

trpo

akrbeia

ete/kai

stw

y0

arket omal sunrthsh kai

2R
(

Zhtetai

: [a; b  R

= f (t; y(t));
y (a) = y0 :

sunrthsh

tra,
ti

y 0 (t)

(1)

gia

th

ode23

lsh

shmeisei

qei tra

tou

(1),

thn

ektmhsh

majmato

gi

na

tou

topiko

akma

sumbolzoume ed me

1

!R

ti

tou

kai

Se

uploipe
enai

meglo

aut

gia

: [a; b  Rm

ti

mejdou ,

anlogo

katllhle

all

kampte

!R

mia

ttoia ste

Runge{Kutta

sflmato

trpo

s1 ; s2 ; s3

enai

exissewn.

na

 t  b;

qrhsimopoie do emfuteumne mejdou

tou

stdia (ta

Gia

qrsh

diaforik exissei .
Ma endiafrei to akloujo prblhma arqikn timn:

parqei

autmath

kai

thn

txh

epilog

epilog

tou

do,

tou

antstoiqa,

bmato

bmato ).

(dete

mjodo

kai orzetai ap ti sqsei :

= f (tn; yn );

s1

= f (tn + ; yn + s1 );
2
2
3h n 3h
n
s 3 = f (t +
;y +
s );
4
4 2
h
y n+1 = y n + (2s1 + 3s2 + 4s3 ):
9
s2

Enai ekolo na de kane ti

mia kal ektmhsh

s4

algrijmo

ektmhsh,
detero

y n+1

xekinei

ap

, tou bmato .

stdio

th

to

Stqo

jy

+1
y

enai

+1

na

pli

Sqma 1.

To

upologsoume

y (t +1 )j
n

kai

( 5s1 + 6s2 + 8s3

me

mi

mjodo tou

morf (1).

ode23
Sthn

tou

sto

72

arqik

Euler

klsh

all

s1

prosggish
mia

epmeno

me

= f (tn ; yn )
Euler
3h=4

y n+1

mikr

bma.

th

gnei apodekt h

Matlab

kai

mi

me bma

bma

telik

arqik

h=2

To

ektmhsh

H ermhnea twn endimeswn stadwn

sflma ektimtai ap thn

( 5s1 + 6s2 + 8s3

enai

sqsei

9s4 ):

posthta

9s4 ):
lsh

stajer.

'An

Diaforetik,

sto

qrno

j j 
n

aporrptoume

tn+1

tte
thn

kai epiqeirome pli ton upologism th prosggish

epanalambnetai mqri tou

H sunrthsh

topik

mia

pou

proqwrme

upodiplasizoume to bma

dnetai ap ti

To prto stdio th mejdou enai h mjodo tou

mejdou enai

fanetai sto

ma

ektmhsh

th

sflmato

= f (tn+1; yn+1 );

(tn ; yn )

shmeo

aut

72

topiko

enai na grammik sundiasm twn endimeswn stadwn.

klsei ,

ste

tou

prosggish

y n+1

tn

+h

deqmaste
ektmhsh

+1

tsi
thn

+1

H diadikasa

enai katllhlh gia th lsh mh kamptwn diaforikn exissewn

aploster th

morf, h

sunrthsh

ode23

kaletai w

s2
s1
s1
yn

tn

tn

tn+h/2

s3

s3

s2

tn+3h/4

tn

Sqma 1:

tn+h

tn

algrijmo th

sunrthsh

ode23

[T,Y = ode23(ODEFUN, TSPAN, Y0);

TSPAN = [T0 TFINAL
T0
TFINAL

An

ap to

mqri to

dinusma
na

doje

stlh
ete

sunrthsh
th

me

san

ode23

lsh sth

tte

ti

tim

inline

1.

ode23

pou

oloklhrnei

Y0

antistoiqon

sunrthsh

ete

na

T(i)

sth

th

diaforik

sunrthsh

se

na

exswsh

ODEFUN(T,Y)

f (t; y )
M{le

sunrthsh

oriste

epistrfei to dinusma stlh

qronik stigm

Pardeigma

, me arqik tim

tou

sunrthsh

(akoloujon

kai ton pnaka

problmato

(1)

prpei na epistrfei na

. H gramm

ODEFUN

mpore

paradegmata).

tou pnaka

periqei

Gia na lsoume to

prblhma arqikn timn

3y; 0  t  1;

y 0 (t)

= 4t
y (0) = 2;

mporome na qrhsimopoisoume ti entol

>> f=inline('4*t-3*y', 't', 'y');

>> [t,y=ode23(f, [0 1, 2);
>> plot(t, y);
H

prth

ap

sunrthsh
lsh

sto

ti

enai

parapnw

pol

disthma

apl

[0; 1

entol
thn

An

orzei

grfoume

den

ma

to

san

dex

mlo

inline

endiafroun

th

diaforik

sunrthsh.

ta

diansmata

exswsh .

teleutaa
kai

pou

Epeid

entol

ed

sqedizei

epistrfei

h
th

ode23

mporome apl na gryoume

>> f=inline('4*t-3*y', 't', 'y');

>> ode23(f, [0 1, 2);
kai
th

to

Matlab

grafik

sunrthsh

ja

sqedisei

parstash

se

na

pou

M{le

lsh

en

lnei

fanetai

th

sto

Sqma

me to

noma

f.m

th

pou

diaforik exswsh.

2.

Enallaktik,

ja

An

na periqei ti entol

la

pgan

mporosame

kal,

na

ja

dete

gryoume

th

1.5

0.5

0.1

0.2

Sqma 2:

0.3

0.4

H lsh

0.5

0.6

ode23

th

0.7

gia to

0.8

0.9

Pardeigma 1.

fun tion ydot = f(t,y)

ydot = 4*t-3*y;
kai na lsoume to

prblhma arqikn timn me

thn

entol

>> ode23(f, [0 1, 2);

'Askhsh

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

1.

Lste

f (t; y )

=0

f (t; y )

=t

f (t; y )

=y

f (t; y )

= 1=(1

f (t; y )

= 2y

to

disthma

[0; 10

me

y (0)

=1

kai dex mlo

thn

Pardeigma

2.

3t)
y2

akrib lsh.

Se

two-body problem

tou

sto

Sugkrnete me

).

barutik

prblhma arqikn timn (1)

lxh

smato

grw

aut

to

Aut
ap

pardeigma

perigrfei

na

kat

sth qronik stigm

ja

thn

pol

lsoume
troqi

bartero

to

en
sma

legmeno
smato
B.

tte

u00 (t)
v 00

=
(t) =

u(t)=r 3 (t);

v (t)=r 3 (t);

An

<<prblhma
A

ktw

(u(t); v(t))

twn

ap
enai

do

thn
oi

swmtwn>>

epdrash

th

suntetagmne

r (t )

pou

ssthma

u2 (t) + v 2 (t)

exissewn prth

Mporome

na

gryoume

to

parapnw

ssthma

exissewn

san

na

txh an jsoume

2 u(t) 3
6 v(t) 77
y (t) = 6
4 5
u 0 (t )
v 0 (t)

y (t)

ikanopoie tte

th diaforik exswsh

2
6
y (t) = 6
4
0

Grfoume sto

M{le twobody.m

3 2
77 66
5=4

u0 (t)
v 0 (t )
u(t)=r 3 (t)
v (t)=r 3 (t)

y3 (t)
y4 (t)
y1 (t)=r 3 (t)
y2 (t)=r 3 (t)

3
77
5

ti entol

fun tion ydot = twobody(t,y)

r = sqrt(y(1)^2 + y(2)^2);
ydot = [y(3); y(4); -y(1)/r^3; -y(2)/r^3;
kai lnoume me thn

ode23

sunjw :

>> [t,y = ode23(twobody, [0 2*pi, [1; 0; 0; 1);

>> plot(y(:,1), y(:,2), '-', 0, 0, 'ro');
>> axis([-1.2 1.2 -1.2 1.2);
H entol

plot

pw enai grammnh parapnw sqedizei thn troqi tou smato A gia

anaparist to sma B me na mikr kklo sto shmeo

timn
enai
A

lei

(0; 1)

ti

to

brsketai

gi

=0

sto

(0; 0)
(1; 0)
.

2 [0; 2

kai

Parathrste ti to dinusma arqikn

shmeo

kai

to

dinusma

th

taqtht

tou

Allxte to dinusma arqikn timn kai parathrste pw allzei h troqi tou smato

grw ap to
H

sma

sma

pw th stajer

OPTIONS

B.

ode23

sunrthsh

epitrpei

ston

qrsth

na

allxei

orismne

paramtrou

tou

algorjmou,

pou frsei to mgisto topik sflma, msw en ttartou proairetiko orsmato

OPTIONS = ODESET('NAME1', VALUE1, 'NAME2', VALUE2, ...);

[T,Y = ode23(ODEFUN, TSPAN, Y0, OPTIONS);
Ed, h sunrthsh

VALUE2
twn

. . . ,

ODESET

antstoiqa.

tou

Matlab

Merik qrsime

paramtrwn sumbouleutetai

RelTol

Sqetik

dialxei to

anajtei sti paramtrou

mgisto

bma th

to

parmetroi enai

egqeirdio qrsh

sflma.

mejdou tsi

Jetik

ste

to

tou

stajer
sflma

oi

NAME1 NAME2
,

aklouje (gia

Matlab
me

ton

plrh

VALUE1

katlogo

):

tim

e(i)

, . . . , ti tim

1.0e-3

gia th

ode23

sunistsa

yi (t)

prospaje
th

lsh

na
na

ikanopoie

e(i) <= max(RelTol*abs(y(i)), AbsTol(i))

AbsTol

Apluto

mgisto

sflma.

Jetik stajer

dinusma me

mko

kai tim

1.0e-6

Refine

Jetik

akraia

stajer

me

tim

na.

Aut

stajer

auxnei

thn

puknthta

twn

shmewn pou qrhsimopoiontai sth grafik parstash th lsh kat to dosmno suntelest.




InitialStep
MaxStep

to

Proteinmeno arqik bma.

Mgisto

na dkato tou

Pardeigma

y (0)

3.

epitrept

mkou tou

Lnoume

to

bma.

An

den

teje

ap

ton

qrsth

tte

aut

upologzetai

prblhma

arqikn

timn

=1

y 0 (t)

= 3t

4y 0
,

t1

me

arqik

>> f=inline('3*t-4*y', 't', 'y');

>> options = odeset('RelTol', 1.0e-4, 'Refine', 2, 'InitialStep', 1.0e-2);
>> ode23(f, [0 1, 1, options);
1

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

Sqma 3:

0.1

0.2

san

diastmato oloklrwsh .

0.3

0.4

0.5

grafik parstash

th

0.6

lsh

0.7

tou

0.8

0.9

Paradegmato 3.

tim