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Internacionalni univerzitet Brko

Se@inars i raA iz Engles og Te@aB Present perfect tense & Present continues tense

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DunuzoviE Hariz Varca ovic

Br o
FroGHKristina

SaArIaJ B Kresent KerGect si@FleHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHL Kresent Continuous TenseMaHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHN

Kresent KerGect si@Fle

OORP
[has/have + past participle]

Examples:
You Qave seen that movie many times. Have you seen that movie many times? You Qave not seen that movie many times.

RSE S RnsFeciGieA Ti@e BeGore NoT

We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time efore no!. "he exact time is not important. You #$%%&" use the Present Perfect !ith specific time expressions such as: yesterday' one year a(o' last !ee)' !hen * !as a child' !hen * lived in +apan' at that moment' that day' one day' etc. We #$% use the Present Perfect !ith unspecific expressions such as: ever' never' once' many times' several times' efore' so far' already' yet' etc.

Examples:
* Qave seen that movie t!enty times. * thin) * Qave @et him once efore. "here Qave Ueen many earth,ua)es in #alifornia. People Qave traveleA to the -oon. People Qave not traveleA to -ars. Have you reaA the oo) yet? %o ody Qas ever cli@UeA that mountain. $: Has there ever Ueen a !ar in the .nited /tates? 0: Yes' there Qas Ueen a !ar in the .nited /tates.

HoT Do Vou WctuallX Rse tQe Kresent KerGectY

"he concept of 1unspecified time1 can e very confusin( to En(lish learners. *t is est to associate Present Perfect !ith the follo!in( topics:

TOKIC S EZFerience
You can use the Present Perfect to descri e your experience. *t is li)e sayin(' 1* have the experience of...1 You can also use this tense to say that you have never had a certain experience. "he Present Perfect is %&" used to descri e a specific event.

Examples: * Qave Ueen to 2rance.

THIS SENTENCE MEANS THAT YOU HAVE HAD THE EXPERIENCE OF BEING IN FRANCE. MAYBE YOU HAVE BEEN THERE ONCE, OR SEVERAL TIMES.

* Qave Ueen to 2rance three times.

YOU CAN ADD THE NUMBER OF TIMES AT THE END OF THE SENTENCE.

* Qave never Ueen to 2rance.

THIS SENTENCE MEANS THAT YOU HAVE NOT HAD THE EXPERIENCE OF GOING TO FRANCE.

* thin) * Qave seen that movie efore. 3e Qas never traveleA y train. +oan Qas stuAieA t!o forei(n lan(ua(es. $: Have you ever @et him? 0: %o' * Qave not @et him.

TOKIC [ CQange Over Ti@e

We often use the Present Perfect to tal) a out chan(e that has happened over a period of time. Examples: You Qave groTn since the last time * sa! you. "he (overnment Qas Ueco@e more interested in arts education. +apanese Qas Ueco@e one of the most popular courses at the university since the $sian studies pro(ram !as esta lished. -y En(lish Qas really i@FroveA since * moved to $ustralia.

TOKIC L Wcco@FlisQ@ents
We often use the Present Perfect to list the accomplishments of individuals and humanity. You cannot mention a specific time. Examples: 4 -an Qas Tal eA on the -oon. 4 &ur son Qas learneA ho! to read. 4 5octors Qave cureA many deadly diseases. 4 /cientists Qave sFlit the atom.

TOKIC \ Wn Rnco@FleteA Wction Vou Wre EZFecting

We often use the Present Perfect to say that an action !hich !e expected has not happened. .sin( the Present Perfect su((ests that !e are still !aitin( for the action to happen. Examples: 4 +ames Qas not GinisQeA his home!or) yet. 4 /usan Qasn]t @astereA +apanese' ut she can communicate. 4 0ill Qas still not arriveA. 4 "he rain Qasn]t stoFFeA.
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TOKIC ^ PultiFle Wctions at DiGGerent Ti@es

We also use the Present Perfect to tal) a out several different actions !hich have occurred in the past at different times. Present Perfect su((ests the process is not complete and more actions are possi le. Examples: 4 "he army Qas attac eA that city five times. 4 * Qave QaA four ,ui66es and five tests so far this semester. 4 We Qave QaA many ma7or pro lems !hile !or)in( on this pro7ect. 4 /he Qas tal eA to several specialists a out her pro lem' ut no ody )no!s !hy she is sic).

Ti@e EZFressions TitQ Kresent KerGect

When !e use the Present Perfect it means that somethin( has happened at some point in our lives efore no!. 8emem er' the exact time the action happened is not important. /ometimes' !e !ant to limit the time !e are loo)in( in for an experience. We can do this !ith expressions such as: in the last !ee)' in the last year' this !ee)' this month' so far' up to no!' etc. Examples: 4 Have you Ueen to -exico in tQe last Xear? 4 * Qave seen that movie six times in tQe last @ontQ. 4 "hey Qave QaA three tests in tQe last Tee . 4 /he (raduated from university less than three years a(o. /he Qas Tor eA for three different companies so Gar. 4 -y car Qas Uro en do!n three times tQis Tee .

NOTICE

19ast year1 and 1in the last year1 are very different in meanin(. 19ast year1 means the year efore no!' and it is considered a specific time !hich re,uires /imple Past. 1*n the last year1 means from :;< days a(o until no!. *t is not considered a specific time' so it re,uires Present Perfect. Examples: 4 * Tent to -exico last Xear.
I WENT TO MEXICO IN THE CALENDAR YEAR BEFORE THIS ONE. 4 * Qave Ueen to -exico in tQe last Xear. I HAVE BEEN TO MEXICO AT LEAST ONCE AT SOME POINT BETWEEN 365 DAYS AGO AND NOW.

RSE [ Duration Oro@ tQe Kast Rntil NoT _NonMContinuous VerUs`

With %on=#ontinuous >er s and non=continuous uses of -ixed >er s' !e use the Present Perfect to sho! that somethin( started in the past and

has continued up until no!. 12or five minutes'1 1for t!o !ee)s'1 and 1since "uesday1 are all durations !hich can e used !ith the Present Perfect. Examples:
* Qave QaA a cold for t!o !ee)s. /he Qas Ueen in En(land for six months. -ary Qas loveA chocolate since she !as a little (irl.

$lthou(h the a ove use of Present Perfect is normally limited to %on= #ontinuous >er s and non=continuous uses of -ixed >er s' the !ords 1live'1 1!or)'1 1teach'1 and 1study1 are sometimes used in this !ay even thou(h they are %&" %on=#ontinuous >er s. WDVERB KaWCEPENT "he examples elo! sho! the placement for (rammar adver s such as: al!ays' only' never' ever' still' 7ust' etc. Examples:
You have onlX seen that movie one time. 3ave you onlX seen that movie one time?

WCTIVE b KWSSIVE Examples:

-any tourists Qave visiteA that castle. ACTIVE "hat castle Qas Ueen visiteA y many tourists. PASSIVE

SHTvorUa Kresent Continuous TenseMa

Potvrdni o li) Present #ontinuous "ense=a se tvori od /imple Present "ense=

a pomo?no( (la(ola TO BE @ itiA i Frezenta FarticiFa glavnog glagola.

Person

/in(ular

Plural

Bst Cnd

* a@ wor !"# You are wor !"# 3e

We are wor !"# You are wor !"#

:rd

/he *t

is wor !"#

"hey are wor !"#

 .pitni o li) Present #ontinuous "ense=a se tvori inverziJo@ su 7e)ta

reDenice i o li)a pomo?no( (la(ola "& 0E.

Person

/in(ular

Plural

Bst Cnd

W@ * wor !"#? Wre you wor !"#? he

Wre !e wor !"#? Wre you wor !"#?

:rd

Is

she it

wor !"#? Wre they wor !"#?

&driDni o li) Present #ontinuous "ense=a se tvori od oArinog oUli a /imple

Present "ense=a pomo?no( (la(ola TO BE @ itiA i Frezenta FarticiFa glavnog glagola.

Person

/in(ular

Plural

Bst Cnd

* a@ not wor !"# You are not wor !"# 3e /he

We are not wor !"# You are not wor !"#

:rd *t

is not wor !"#

"hey are not wor !"#

.pitno=odriDni o li) Present #ontinuous "ense=a se tvori inverziJo@ su 7e)ta

reDenice i oArinog oUli a pomo?no( (la(ola TO BE.

Person

/in(ular

Plural

Bst Cnd

W@ * not wor !"#? Wre you not wor !"#? he

Wre !e not wor !"#? Wre you not wor !"#?

:rd

Is

she it

not wor !"#? Wre they not wor !"#?

Pre6ent participa (la(ola se tvori dodavan7em nastav)a E*%F na infinitivnu osnovu. %pr. Pre6ent participa od (la(ola "& W&8G se tvori na sl7ede?i naDin:

cORK d ING e cORKING

[H RFotreUa Kresent Continuous TenseMa

Present #ontinuous "ense se )oristi u sl7ede?im sluDa7evima:
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 5a i6ra6imo situaci7e )o7e se deHava7u u momentu )ada o n7ima (ovorimo'

npr. W$%& %r' (o) *o!"#+ S$',- r'%*!"# !" &$' #%r*'". T$'(,r' "o& -&%"*!"# !" &$' r%!".

5a i6ra6imo a)tivnosti )o7e se deHava7u u periodu o)o momenta (ovoren7a'

npr. I,. r'%*!"# /T$' S)r#'o",- M%&'/ 0( P%&r!1 O,Br!%". W$o-' %11o)"& %r' (o) wor !"# o"+ S$',- -&)*(!"# $%r* 2or $'r 2!"%3 '4%..

5a i6ra6imo udu?e planove i do(ovore' npr. W',r' $%5!"# 3'2&o5'r- &$!- '5'"!"#. W$%& %r' (o) *o!"# &o.orrow %2&'r"oo"+ S$' !-",& 1o.!"# o" Fr!*%(.

5a i6ra6imo )oara)teristi)u su 7e)ta )o7a na7DeH?e smeta (ovorni)u' npr.

H' !- %3w%(- #r).03!"#.

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LH Krilozi uz Kresent Continuous Tense

>remens)i i6ra6i )o7i su uo iDa7eni u6 Present #ontinuous "ense su sl7ede?i:

%& &$' .o.'"&, "ow, &o*%(, &$!- w'' , &$!- .o"&$, &o.orrow, "'4& w'' 62or 2)&)r' %rr%"#'.'"&- 7, 1)rr'"&3(

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\H Kri@Jeri Kresent Continuous TenseMa

B. "hey are studyin( at the moment. C. When is the plane arrivin(? :. We are not !or)in( in this office this !ee). I. /he is !atchin( ">.
5. "om is not playin( "ennis on 2riday. 3e is (oin( to 0oston.

;. What are you readin( currently? J. * am coo)in( dinner toni(ht. Would you li)e to come? K. *t is not !or)in(. * thin) it is ro)en. L. When are you meetin( +ane? BM.3e is learnin( Ferman for his 7o .

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