Mc lc

Chng 1
Tng tc NN hiu dng
1.1

Phin bn tng tc M3Y-Pn

v(, r) = vC (r) + vDD (, r) + vLS (r),

(1.1)

trong
vC (r) =

3 [

(SE)
ti PSE

(TE)
ti PTE

(SO)
ti PSO

i=1

vDD (, r) = 2
vLS (r) =

(SE)
t(SE)
PSE

2 [

(LSE)
ti
PTE

(TE)
t(TE)
PTE

(LSO)
ti
PTO

(C)

fi (r)

(LS)

fi

(TO)
ti PTO

(r)
(r)L.S

(1.2)

i=1

vi r = |r r |, S = s1 + s2 l spin tng, p = (p1 p2 )/2 l moment xung

lng chuyn ng tng i, L = r p l moment qu o fi (r) c dng
hm Yukawa:
fi (r) =

exp(i r)
.
i r

(1.3)

Cc ton t chiu PSE , PTE , PSO , PTO c xc nh t cc ton t trao i

ta spin P v spin ng v P :
PSE =

1 P 1 + P
1 + P 1 P
, PTE =
2
2
2
2
2

Bng 1.1: Cc gi tr h s tng tc ti ca thnh phn xuyn tm trong tng tc

M3Y-Paris [?] v tng tc M3Y-Pn (n=3,4,5) [?].
Tng tc
M3Y-Paris

M3Y-P3

M3Y-P4

M3Y-P5

(C)

1/i

(SE)

ti

(TE)

ti

(SO)

ti

(TO)

ti

(fm)

(MeV)

(MeV)

(MeV)

(MeV)

0.25

11466.0

13967.0

-1418.0

11345.0

0.40

-3556.0

-4594.0

950.0

-1900.0

1.141

-10.463

-10.463

31.389

3.488

0.25

8027.0

7130.0

-1418.0

11345.0

0.40

-3556.0

-2637.0

950.0

-1900.0

1.141

-10.463

-10.463

31.389

3.488

0.25

8027.0

5503.0

12000.0

3700.0

0.40

-2637.0

-4183.0

4500.0

-1000.0

1.141

-10.463

-10.463

31.389

3.488

0.25

8027.0

55760.0

-1418.0

11345.0

0.40

-2650.0

-4170.0

2880.0

-1780.0

1.141

-10.463

-10.463

31.389

3.488

1 P 1 P
1 + P 1 + P
, PTO =
.
2
2
2
2
Trong P v P c dng:
PSO =

1
1
P = (1 + 1 . 2 ), P = (1 + 1 . 2 ),
2
2
v v = v(1 Pr P P ) = v D + v EX Pr .
3
(C)

exp(i r)
D(EX)
D(EX)
Y00(01) (i)
v00(01) (r) =
,
(C)
i r
i=1

(1.4)

(1.5)
(1.6)
(1.7)

vi cc hng s Yukawa c xc nh theo cc h thc sau:

]
1 [ (SE)
(TE)
(SO)
(TO)
D
Y00 (i) =
3t
+ 3ti
+ ti + 9ti
16 [ i
]
1
(SE)
(TE)
(SO)
(TO)
D
Y01 (i) =
3t
3ti
ti + 3ti
16 [ i
]
1
(SE)
(TE)
(SO)
(TO)
EX
Y00 (i) =
3t
+ 3ti
ti 9ti
16 [ i
]
1
(SE)
(TE)
(SO)
(TO)
EX
3ti 3ti
+ ti 3ti
(1.8)
Y01 (i) =
16
Cc thnh phn ph thuc mt vDD (, r) v spin-qu o vLS (r) bao
gm cc thnh phn trc tip v trao i tng ng:
vLS (r) = [vLS0 (r) + vLS1 (r)( 1 . 2 )]L.S
vi

D(EX)
vLS0(1) (r)

(LS)
exp(i r)
D(EX)
YLS0(1) (i)
.
(LS)

r
i=1
i

(1.9)
(1.10)

Cc hng s Yukawa ca tng tc spin-qu o c xc nh nh sau:

]
]
1 [ (LSE)
1 [ (LSE)
(LSO)
(LSO)
D
D
; YLS1 (i) =
YLS0 (i) =
t
+ 3ti
ti
+ ti
4 [i
4
]
]
1 (LSE)
1 [ (LSE)
(LSO)
(LSO)
EX
EX
YLS0 (i) =
t
3ti
; YLS1 (i) = ti
+ ti
(1.11)
4 i
4
Thnh phn ph thuc mt ca tng tc M3Y-Pn c th c biu
din di dng
vDD (, r) = [d00 () + d10 ()( 1 . 2 ) + d01 ()( 1 . 2 )
+ d11 ()( 1 . 2 )( 1 . 2 )](r).
4

(1.12)

dD
00 ()

dEX
00 ()

]
1 [ (SE) (SE)
(TE) (TE)
3t
+ 3t
(r)
8[
]
1 (SE) (SE)
(TE) (TE)
t
3t
(r)
8[
]
1
(SE) (SE)
(TE) (TE)
3t
+ t
(r)
8[
]
1
(SE) (SE)
(TE) (TE)
t
+ t
(r)
8

EX
dD
10 () d10 () =
EX
dD
01 () d01 () =
EX
dD
11 () d11 () =

Bng 1.2: Cc h s tng tc t ca thnh phn ph thuc mt trong

tng tc M3Y-Pn [?]).
Tng tc

(SE)

(SE)

(TE)

(TE)

(MeV.fm3 )

(MeV.fm)

M3Y-Paris

M3Y-P3

220.0

1/3

1198.0

M3Y-P4

248.0

1/3

1142.0

M3Y-P5

126.0

1/3

1147.0

Bng 1.3: Cc tham s ca thnh phn spin-qu o trong tng tc M3YParis v cc phin bn tng tc M3Y-Pn (n=3,4,5)
Tng tc
M3Y-Paris
M3Y-P3
M3Y-P4
M3Y-P5

(C)

1/i

(LSE)

(LSO)

ti

ti

(fm)

(MeV)

(MeV)

0.25

-5101.0

-1897.0

0.40

-337.0

-632.0

0.25

-10712.1

-3983.7

0.40

-707.7

-1327.2

0.25

-8671.7

-3224.9

0.40

-572.9

-1074.4

0.25

-11222.2

-4173.4

0.40

-741.4

-1390.4

(1.13)

1.2

Phin bn tng tc Gogny

v(, r) = vC (r) + vDD (, r) + vLS (r),

(1.14)

trong
vC (r) =

(W + B P H P M P P ) f (r)

=1

vDD (, r) = t0 (1 + x0 P ) (r)

vLS (r) = iW0 { 12 (r) 12 }( 1 + 2 )

(1.15)

Thnh phn xuyn tm ca tng tc Gogny cng c th c biu din

tng t nh thnh phn xuyn tm ca tng tc M3YPn (1.2):
2 [
]

(SE)
(TE)
(SO)
(TO)
vC (r) =
t PSE + t PTE + t PSO + t PTO f(C) (r)

(1.16)

=1
(SE)

vi cc h s t

(T E)

, t

(SO)

, t

(T O)

, t

c xc nh nh sau:

t(SE)
= W B H + M

(1.17)

t(SE)
= W + B + H + M

t(SE)
= W B + H M

t(SE)
= W + B H M

f (r) c dng hm Gauss:

r2
f (r) = exp( 2 ).

(1.18)

Bng 1.4: Cc h s tng tc D1S v D1N.

Tng

(MeV)

(MeV)

(MeV)

(MeV)

-1720.3

1300

-1813.53

1397.6

0.7

1390

1/3

130

103.639

-163.483

162.812

-223.934

1.2

-2047.61

1700

-2414.93

1519.35

0.7

1609.46

1/3

130

293.02

-300.78

414.59

-316.84

1.2

tc
D1S
D1N

1.3

t0

x0

(fm) (MeVf m4 )

W0
(MeVf m5

Phin bn tng tc CDM3Yn

Tng tc CDM3Yn c xy dng bng cch da vo tng tc M3YParis [?] mt hm tha s ph thuc mt F () nh sau:
v00 (, r) = F0 ()v00) (r), v01 (, r) = F1 ()v01 (r),
vi F0(1) () = C0(1) [1 + 0(1) exp(0(1) ) 0(1) ].
D(EX)

v00

D(EX)

v01

D(EX)

(, r) = F0 ()v00

(r),

D(EX)

(, r) = F1 ()v01

(1.19)

(r).

(1.20)

D(EX)

Hm ph thuc bn knh v00(01) (r) ca tng tc xuyn tm c biu din

D(EX)

di dng t hp (1.3) ca ba hm Yukawa, vi cc h s Y00

D(EX)

v Y01

c xc nh bi cc thng s ca tng tc M3Y-Paris trong bng (1.1).

Thnh phn spin-qu o thng c dng vi cng mt hm ph thuc
mt ca thnh phn xuyn tm:
vLS (r) = [F0 ()vLS0 (r) + F1 ()vLS1 (r)( 1 . 2 )]L.S

(1.21)

Bng 1.5: Cc tham s ca cc hm ph thuc mt F0 () v F1 () trong

thnh phn xuyn tm (1.19) ca tng tc CDM3Yn.
Tng tc

CDM3Y3
CDM3Y4
CDM3Y6

(fm )

(fm3 )

0.2985

3.4528

2.6388

1.5

0.1574

9.7016

16.2704

-11.9946

0.3052

3.298

2.3180

2.0

0.1318

11.7739

16.0279

-15.1978

0.2658

3.8033

1.4099

4.0

0.1824

8.8819

16.4346

-10.8703

Chng 2
M t vt cht ht nhn theo
phng php Hatree-Fock
2.1

Phng trnh trng thi VCHN

Phng trnh trng thi ca VCHN l tp hp cc thng tin vt l c bn

nht ca VCHN v thng c xc nh bi s ph thuc vo mt
nucleon ca ba i lng sau:
E
(, ),
A
[
]
E
2
p sut P ca VCHN: P (, ) =
(, ) ,
A
]
[
2

E
nn K ca VCHN: K(, ) = 92 2
(, ) .
A
Nng lng lin kt ring ca VCHN:

2.1.1

Nng lng lin kt ring

Nng lng ton phn ca VCHN ti mt n v p bt k c xc nh

theo phng php HF nh sau:
E = Ekin + Epot ,
trong
Ekin = 2

~2 k 2
~2 k 2
+2
,
2m
2m
(p)
(n)

(2.2)

kkF

kkF

Epot

(2.1)

1
=
k , k |v(1 Pk P P )|k , k
2
k k
1
[k , k |vD |k , k
(2.3)
=
2

k k

+ k , k |vEX |k , k ].
(n)

(p)

vi kF = (3 2 n )1/3 , kF = (3 2 p )1/3
Hm sng n nucleon trong VCHN v hn c dng sng phng sau:
1
|k = eik.r ,
(2.4)
V
trong v l cc spinor Dirac tng ng vi thnh phn spin v
spin ng v ca hm sng nucleon

( ) ( ) = 2 v
+
( ) ( ) = 2
( )

(2.5)

( )

mt khc
D(EX)

vD(EX) = v00

D(EX)

+ v01

(2.6)

Cc tng tc cp neutron-neutron, proton-proton v proton-neutron c

xc nh nh sau
vnn = vpp = v00 + v01 ,
vnp = vpn = v00 v01 .
10

(2.7)

thay hm sng (2.4) v s dng tnh cht (2.5)

~2 k 2
~2 k 2
p
= 2
v Ekin = 2
(2.8)
2m
2m
(n)
(p)
kkF
kkF

D
D
EX
EX
[kk |v00
+ v01
|kk + kk |v00
+ v01
|k k]
= 2

n
Ekin
nn(pp)

Epot

(p,n)

k,k 6kF

pn
np
Epot
= Epot
= 2

D
D
EX
EX
[kk |v00
v01
|kk + kk |v00
v01
|k k].

(p,n)

k,k 6kF

[ D
]
1
3 3

kk
+
=
d
rd
r
v
(|r

r
|)
+
v
(|r

r
|)
00
01
V 2
[ D
]
1
D
=
d3 r v00
(r) + v01
(r)
V
[ EX
]
1
EX
EX
EX
d3 r v00
(r) + v01
(r)
(2.9)
kk |v00
v01
|k k =
V

V
(...)
(...)d3 k
(2.10)
3
(2) kkF

D
v01
|kk

D
|v00

kkF

n
= Ekin

~2 V
= 2
2m (2)3

(n)

kF

~2 V
2 3
k dk=
2m 2
(n)
(kF )2

~ V 2
3~
3

=
n
2m 2
5 2m
2 (n) 2
3 ~ (kF ) n
=
A,
5 2m

(n)

kF

k 4 dk

(p)

p
Ekin

(vi n =

N
V , p

3 ~2 (kF )2 p
=
A
5 2m
Z
V ,

(2.11)

A
V)
(n)

(p)

3 ~2 [(kF )2 n + (kF )2 p ]
Ekin
=
=
A
5
2m
nn
Epot

V
= 2
(2)6

d kd k
(n)

k,k kF

11

D
D
d3 r{[v00
(r) + v01
(r)]

(2.12)

(kk )r

EX
EX

[v00 (r) + v01 (r)]}

V
D
D
2
d3 kd3 k d3 r{[v00
(r) + v01
(r)]
6
(p)
(2) k,k kF

EX
EX
e(kk )r[v00
(r) +v01
(r)]}
V
D
D
d3 k d3 r{[v00
(r) v01
(r)]
2
d3 k
6
(p)
(2) kkF(n)
k kF

e(kk )r [v EX (r) v EX (r)]}

+ e
pp
Epot
=

+
np
pn
Epot
= Epot
=

00

01

(2.13)

(n)
(kF )3
1
1
3
n
d
k
=
=
(2)3 kkF(n)
6 2
2

D
D
D
D
t
d3 r[v00
(r) v01
(r)] = J00
J01
(2.14)
mt khc

d ke

ikr

3 ik

(n)
kkF

d ke

r = 4

(n)
k kF

kF

k 2 j0 (kr)dk
0
(n)

(n)

(n)

4(kF )3 3j1 (kF r) 4(kF )3 b (n)

=
j1 (kF r)
=
(n)
3
3
k r
F

vi b
j1 (kF r) =
(n)

(n)
3j1 (kF r)
(n)
kF r

(2.15)

nn
= Epot
= 2V

n 2

(n)
4(kF )3

)2

2V
2
(2)6
3

[
]2
(n)
3
EX
EX
d r j1 (kF r) [v00
(r) v01
(r)]
D
D
(J00
J01
)+

(2.16)
nn
Epot
2n D
2n
D
=
(J + J01 ) +
=
A
2 00
2

[
]2
(n)
EX
EX

d r j1 (kF r) [v00
(r) v01
(r)]
3

12