Mathematic g γυμνασιου

1
1.1
( - )............................................................ 15
1.2 - .................................................... 41
1.3 - ........................ 48
1.4 - ........................ 49
1.5 ................................................................. 54
1.6 ................................... 63
1.7 ........................................................................ 69
1.8 ... ... ................... 76
1.9 ........................................................... 78
1.10 ............................................................. 81
...................................... 87
2
2.1 x + = 0 ........................................................................ 133
2.2 x2 + = 0 ....................................................................... 139
2.3 ...................................... 148
2.4 ..................................................................... 150
2.5 - ......................................... 153
.................................... 164
3
3.1 .................................................... 195
3.2 ..... 200
3.3 ..................................... 205
.................................... 220
11
4
4.1 = x2 0 ......................................................... 239
4.2 = x2 + x + 0 ........................................... 244
.................................... 252
5
5.1 ............................................................................................... 265
5.2 - ...................................................... 270
5.3 ................................................................. 274
.................................... 283
1.1 ............................................................................. 293

1.2 ........................................................ 302
1.3 .......................................................................... 310
1.4 ........................................................................................ 315
1.5 ......................................................................................... 319
1.6 ................................................... 324
.................................... 329
2.1 00 1800 ....................... 351

2.2 .................... 357
2.3 .................. 361
2.4 - ............................. 364
.................................... 370
......................................... 383
12
1.1
A.

( - )
:
T = {0,1,2,3,}
T = {,-2,-1,0,+1,+2,...}
T Q, , (
) , ,
, 0.
T , .
T R,
.
K .

.

.

,
.
,

, .
.
, -

(+).
,

(-).
15
+=+
+ ( + ) = (+)+
( ) = ( )
+0=
1=
+ (-) = 0
1 = 1, 0
( )
( + ) = ( ++ )
= +
. -
.
,
.
= + (-)
( : , 0)
,
1
:= 1 = .
16
0 = 0 .
= 0, = 0 = 0.
, .
, .
1.
2.
0 .
3.
4.
5.
6.
= 0.
7.
= 1 = -1.
8.
9.
10.
0 0.
11.

.
0 *
.. * = {1, 2, 3,..}.
12.
13.
14.
15.
.
2
2.

.
A
1
.
) = ( -4)- (-
3
5
)+ (
2
7
-4) (
3+
16
- )-(- )( ) ) =
4
5
5 10
1+
2
3
3
2+
3
5
3 1
1 5
( ):( + )
3 1
4
8
2 4 .
- )] ) = (3 - ):( - ))+( ) = -(3 +1) -[-(3+
1
4 1
10 10
2 4
5
4
10
( ) ( 3 )
6
3 6
32
3 1
3 1
3 2
2
16
3
2
)=
-(+
) = -4+ + -4- +
) A=(-4)-(- )+( -4)-( - )-(- )(20
5 10
5 10
5 7
4
5
7
5
2
= -4 +
3
5
-4-
16
= -4 - 4+
5 10 10
20 105
645
+
=.
+
=70 70 70
70
70
560
7
84
3
5
3
5
2
7
1 16
6 2 15
= -8+ + =
10 10
5 7 10
17
3+
3
3
) =
1+
2+
) = -(3
3+
=
3
1+
10
5
1
3+
3 =
3
1+
13
3
3
+
3+
2
3 =
3
1+ 1
13
17
5
5
3+
1+
11
3 = 3 = 143 .
15
28
54
+
13 13
13
3 = 3
15
13
13
30
5
31
)+( -
)] = -(
)-[-(
)+( -
10
)] =
10
10
10 10
10 10
5 5
22 21
44 21
63
10
22
-(
===.
5
10 10
5 10
10 10
10
6 1
2 5
3 1
1 5
( ):( + )
( ):( + )
12 1
6 1
1
3 1
8
8
4 4 =
4
8
2
4
) = (3 - ) :( - ) = ( ):( )8 1
18 1
4 1
1
4 4
4 4
4
2 4
)
( ) (
( ) ( 3 )
6 6
6 6
3 6
6
5 7
5 4
20
:
11 5
11 4 8 7
11
11
20 9
11 20 36
4
8
56
=
: =
=
=
+
= +
=

19
133
133
4 4 7
4 5
5
5 14 133
5 56 133
( )
6
6
36
36
10241 + 450 10691 .
11 931 90 5
11 90
11 10 9
=
+
=
=
+
=
=
+
4655
4655
5 931 5 931
5 7 133
5 931
+1) -[-(3+
A + 5
, .
= 3( + 4) (4 - ) + 3( + 1) + 4.
= -( - 2) + 3( + ) + 10+ ( - 3) + 2006.
+ 5 : + ( + 5) = 0,o + = -5
: = 1.
+

:
= 3( + 4) - (4 - ) + 3( + 1) + 4 = 3 + 12 - 4 + + 3 + 3 + 4 =
=3 + 3 + 15 + = 3( + + 5) + = 3 0 + 1 = 1.
= -( - 2) + 3( + ) + 10 + ( - 3) + 2006 =
= - + 2 + 3 + 3 +10 + - 3 + 2006 = 2 + 2 + 10 + + 2006 =
= 2( + + 5) + + 2006 = 2 0 + 1 + 2006 = 2007.
18
3 , 40 m ,
28m
.
= 3( + 2) 2( + 10) - 3 + 20( + 100)

= (4 - 1) + 2( + -15) + + 2003
, 40m2 = 40
28 :
2 + 2 = 28, + = 14.
+
= 3( + 2) - 2( + 10) - 3 + 20( + 100) = 3 + 6 - 2 - 20 -3 +
20 + 2000
3 + 3 - 2 + 2000 = 3( + ) 2 + 2000 = 3 14 - 2 40 + 2000 =
= 42 - 80 + 2000 = 1962.
= (4 - 1) + 2( + -15) + + 2003 = 4 - + 2 + 2 - 30 + + 2003 =
= 4 + 2( + ) 30 + 2003 = 4 40 + 28 - 30 + 2003 = 160 + 28 - 30 + 2003
= 2161.
4
:
= 3-|-2+5|+3|-4-2| -7, = + 3(4 - 2) 4
) ) .
.
= 3-|-2+5|+3|-4-2|-7 = 3-|+3|+3|-6|-7 = 3 - 3 + 3 6 - 7 = 18 - 7 = 11.
= + 3(4 - 2)-4 = + 12 - 6 - 4 = 8 - 5.
) : + = 0 11 + (8 - 5) = 0
19
.
11 + 8 - 5 = 0 - 5 = -19 =
5
) : A B = 1 11 (8 - 5) = 1
87
88 - 55 = 1 -55 = 1 - 88 = + .
55
19
+ = 3 + = + 4, .
= 5 - ( - ) (- + ) + 2004, = - (-3 - ) + 2( + ) + 2 +
= 5- ( - ) (- + ) + 2004 = 5 - + + - + 2004 =
- ( + ) + + + 5 + 2004 = -3 + 4 + 5 + 2004 = 2009.
= -(-3 - )+2( + )+2 + = 3++2 + 2 + 2 + = 2+2 + 2 + 2 + 3 =
2( + ) + 2( + ) + 3 = 2 3 + 2 4 + 3 = 6 + 8 + 3 = 17.
N x =
.
3
+2
:
x + 2 = 1 x + 2= -1 x + 2 = 3 x + 2 = -3
x = -1 , x = -3 , x = 1
x = -5 .
10 + 20 + 30 + ... + 130
5 + 10 + 15 + ... + 65
)
= (60 + 57 + 54 ++ 3) -(59 + 56 + 53 ++ 2)
) N : A=

,
.
10 + 20 + 30 + ... + 30
10(1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 13 10
=
=2
=
5 + 10 + 15 + ... + 65
5(1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 13) 5
= (60 + 57 + 54 ++ 3) - (59 + 56 + 53 + + 2) =
(60 - 59) + (57 - 56) + (54 - 53) ++ (3 - 2) = 1 + 1 + 1 ++ 1 = 20 1 = 20.
20
:
: 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 ++
1
:
1+2+3+4++ =
( + 1)
(1) .x.
2
N : ) 1 + 2 + 3 ++ 40
) 1 + 2 + 3 ++ 100
) 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 ++ 200
) = 40 (1) :
1+2+3++40 =
40(40 + 1)
40 41
=
= 20 21 = 420.
2
2
) = 100 (1) : 1 + 2 + 3 +...+ 100 =
100 (100 + 1) 100 101

= 50101 = 5050.
=
2
2
) (1) :
2 + 4 + 6 ++ 200 = 2(1 + 2 + 3 ++ 100) = 2 5050 = 10100.

. () ()
1.
2.
0 .
3.
4.
5.
6.
0,35 .
7.
8.
9.
2 .
10. A , ( 0, 0).
11. .
21
12. .
13. .
14. , > 0
> 0.
15. < 0, , .
16. A , > 0.
17. O -x .
18. O 3 .
3
19. 1 -1 .
20. 0 =
1
1
2 .
3
:
1. , , :
) , ) )
) .
2. = (x - 1821) (x - 2004) (x - 2001) x x = 0
:
) 0, ) 2006 ) -2004
3. ,
1 1
= + - - + 1
) 0, ) 1, ) + ) - - ) 1.
4. =
3
x :
+2
) 1, ) -8 ) 2 ) 0 ) 5
5. 0 :
22
) , ) , ) 0
) 1.
6. , :
i) - ii) 2 + 3 iii) iv) :
;
) (i) (ii) ) (i) (iii) ) ( i) (ii) (iii)
) (i) (iii) (iv) ) (ii) (iii)
5
7. A 5 x = 0 , -x :
6
6
5
5
. 0 .
. - . 1
6
6
.
.
-4
3
2
-0,3
16 3, 4
2 0
3
1
3
: +3, -2,
3
, 2, 23 , ,
5
3, 9,
2
3
, ,
, .
2
;
2, 2 + 1, 2 + 3, 4 + 1, 4 + 3, ( + 1) .
:
) 3 + 4 6 - 36 : (-4) + 2 ) -10: (-4 -6) - [-(4 -2) + (1 -3)]
) (-14) (-4) (3 - 3) (1935 - 678) ) 25:|2-7| + [2 - 4(2 : 4) -3]
23
+ = 4, = -12, :
= 3 + 3, = + , = ( - 2) - ( - 2) - 2.
A , , = 3, = 16
4
= , :
5
128
5
) -= ) ,

5
12
) , .
+ + = 2001 + 2 = 6 :
A = + 2 + 3, = + 3 + 5.
) : =
2 + 4 + 6 + ... + 100
5 + 10 + 15 + ... + 250
) :
= (200 + 196 + 192 ++ 8 + 4) - (198 + 196 + 194 ++ 6 + 4 + 2)
( , - 1999)
8
:
[(2 + 3 ) (2 + )] (3 + 3 + 2007 )
A=
( + 2 ) [ ( 2 )] (3 2 ) + 1
, + = 4 :
A=
24
100 3( ) 2( 2 ) 5 + 3[5 ( + 2)]

2(2 ) 4(3 1) 2(2 5 )
10
N : ,
x = - 2( + 4) + 2 = 4( +1) + 7 + 2 .
11
x = 850,35 = -150,65 :
3x - 3x ( - 1) - [x - ( + 7)] -3
12

3
.
=
2k + 1
13
, , , :
- 2 = 5, 2 - = 7, - 2 = 5 + 3 = 2,
+ + + .
B.
2,

.
: =

:
1 =
0 = 1 0
1
- = 0.

, :
32 33 = 32+3 = 35
: = -
23 : 2-2 = 23-(-2) = 25
( ) =
(3)3 = 333 = 273

) =
22 4
2
( )2 = 2 =
5
25
5
() =
(2-3)-3 = 29 = 512
-
) = ( )
3 -2
4
) = ( )2
4
3
25
1.
2.

.
i) .
ii) A .
3.
0 .
4.
(-)
- .
5.
:
i) .
ii) .
iii) .
,
.
6.
i) 1 =1 .
ii) (-1) = 1
iv) (-1) = -1 .
7.
00 .
8.
= = .
9.
i) 2
.
ii) 3 .
10. = , 0, 1, -1 x = .
26
:
) (-0,25)17 811 ) (-4 )60 (-1,25)40 ) 12100 1,550 6-150
) 1o ( )
(-0,25)17 811 = -0,2517 811 = - 0,256 0,2511 811 = - 0,256 (0,25 8)11 =
-0,256 211 = -0,256 26 25 = -( 0,25 2)6 25 = -0,56 25 = -0,5 0,55 25 =
= -0,5 (0,5 2)5 = -0,5 15= -0,5 1 = -0,5.
2o ( )
1
1
25 17 11
1
) 8 = - ( )17 (23 )11 = -( 2 )17 233 =- 34 233 =
100
4
2
2
1
-1
33-34
= -2 = - = - 0,5.
-2
2
(-0,25)17811 = - (
) (-4)60 (-1,25)40 = 460 1,2540 = 420 440 1,2540 = 420 (4 1,25)40 = 420 540 =
420 520 520 = (4 5 5)20 = 10020 = (102)20 = 1040
) 12100 1,550 6-150 =
2100 (
12100 1,5 50
12100 1,5 50 12 100 1,5 50
1
=
=( ) ( ) = 2100( )50=
150
100
50
6
6
4
6
6 6
2100
1 50
1
100
= 1.
)
=
2
=
22
2100 2100

= [(x23)-2(x3)4]: (x3:-1)-3 x= 2007 =
1
2007
A=[(x23)-2(x3)4] : (x3:-1)-3 = (x-4-6x412) : (x-9: 3) = (x-4+4-6+12) :

x 0 6
3
6
=
x 9
x 9
= 9x9 = (x) =
1
2007 = 1 .
2007
x 9
=
3
27

= (-1) + 1
= (-1)2 + (-1)+1 + (-1)
= (-1) + 1 = (-1) + 1. .
1 : : = 1 + 1 = 2
2 : = -1 + 1 = 0
= (-1)2 + (-1)+1 + (-1) = 1 + (-1)+1 + (-1) .
.
1 : , + 1 :
= 1 + (-1) + 1 = 1.
2 : , +1 :
= 1 + 1 + (-1) = 1
4
:
A = 2101599 + 1099-299 5100
B = 279 649 - 325 627
= 2101 599 + 1099 - 299 5100 = 22 299 599 + 1099 - 299 599 5 =
= 4 (2 5)99 + 1099 - (2 5)99 5 = 41099 + 1099 - 51099 =
= 1099(4 + 1 -5) = 1099 0 = 0
= 279 649 - 325 627 = (33)9 (26)9 (25)5 (23)27 =
= 327 254 - 225 227 327 = 327 254 - 252 327 = 327 252 (22 - 1) = 328 252
28
H O
() ()
.
1.
( - 3)0 = 1.
2.
> 0 (-) = .
3.
333 = (33)3.
4.
(-1) + 1 = - 1.
5.
+ = +.
6.
(-) < 0 .
7.
1
4x = ( )x x = 0.
2
8.
A z0 : 3 : = 2.
9.
(5+3)3 = 53+33.
10. (43)5 = (45)3.

11. -24 = -(-2)4.
12. > 0 - < 0.
13. 5 + 5 = 210.
14. 8: 4 = 2.
15. (-4)5 (-4)7 = 412.
16. - =
17. - .
18. 2 = 2+1-2 .
19. = = .
29
:
1.
2.
(-3)-2 :
1
. 9, . 9, . - , . 1
9
9
1
(2x)2 =
x :
64
. 3, . 3, . 4, . -6, . 6
3.
810 :
. 85, . 410, . 229, . 45, . 0,5 810
4.
(-6) . :
. , . , . 0, . .
5.
H [(-3)0]5 :
. 1, . -1, . 35, . -15
6.
3 = (-3) :
. , . , . 0, . .
7.
() 0 :
2
. , . 3, . 2
8.
(-1) :
. -1, . , . 1, .
9.
(x-3)0 = 1, x :
. x = 0, . x = 3, . x 3, . .
10. 33 + 33 + 33 + 33 + 33 :
. 315, . 533, . 153, . 1515
30
:
8-3, -7-2, (-3)-5, -44, (-20)5, (4)0
:
) 4 5 , ) (-)3 4, ) (-)4: 2, ) 3 8 : -2 3
)
(0,5) 5 8 (2) 4
4 5 81 2 2 33
)
1
36 5
32 ( ) 2
4
:
= 377 + 377 + 377 = 2102 - 2101 - 2100, = 299 - 449, =217 318 - 218 317
:
) 8x = 32, ) 3x 42x+ 1 = 192, ) 8 53x-2 = 200, ) 23x = 54
) (
2 -2 3 81
) ( ) =
, ) 3+2 = 1
3
2
4
:
) = 58 = (53)2, ) = 28 = 82, ) = 1235 = 742
) = 215 = 324, ) = 535 = 719 + 48 719.
1
3
) x :
= (x + 2)2007 + (x + 3)2008 + (x + 4)2009
) : ( x -5)(x2)2 = -
A x= |- 4-(-3)| = | 3-4| :
2 3 X 2 (2 1 )
= X +1 2 1
3 3
2 X +1 2
3 X + 3 2 1
A :
1 + (1) +1 1 + 4(1) 2
2 (1)
A=
+
2007
4 3(1) + 2
3 2(1) +1
= (32)4 + 311 : 27 + 33 : 3-5 -2 39 3.
31
10
:
A = 22000 : [(2550 : 599 - 351 : 925)1999] + (2111)18 - 2 21997
( 2000)
11
) 2+3 + 2 2 10
) = 46+2 -10 46 + 12 6
12
:
= (-1)2007 +[-5-(-22-3)]5 {-[-2-(-12006+1)]}4
= [(-1)10+(-1)11] (24 - 32) + 512 : 510-20
13
A :
A = (-1)2007 + (-1)+2 + (1)2+1
14
=
.
15

:
=
32
2 + 2 1
7 + 2 35 7 1
, =
+1
2 2
7 11
3 + 2 + 5 3 4 3 +1
4 3 +1 + 3
x.
.x.
, 32 = 9
x = 0 o:
,
.
x :
: x 0
I
) 0 0 :
) 0 > 0 :
) .

, .
) .

, .
33
1 , :
1.
0.
2.
0 0.
3.
4.
0 .
5.
6.
) , , :
) 0, :
)
)
2
:
)
34
,
.
3
35
A= 14 + 1 + 3 + 36 , B= 7 + 3 1 + 8 1
= 14 + 1 + 3 + 36 = 14 + 1 + 3 + 6 = 14 + 1 + 9 = 14 + 1 + 3 =
= 14 + 4 = 14 + 2 = 16 = 4.
=
7 + 3 1+ 8 1 =
7 + 3 1 + 8 = 7 + 3 9 = 7 + 3 ?3 = 7 + 9 = 16 = 4 .
x :
A= x 3 , = 4 2 x , = 2 3 x + x + 1 .
A=
x 3 , : x-3 0 x 3.
: 4 -2x 0 -2x -4
2x 4 x 2.
. : 2- 3x 0
x + 10 -3x -2 x -1 x
6
:
)
)
) :
) :
36
x -1 -1 x
() ()
2 = .
1.
2.
0
3.
4.
5 2 =
5.
6.
= .
= , .
50 .
0,36 = 0,18 .
16 2 = 4 .
(4 ) 2 = - 4 .
7.
8.
9.
2 ( ) 2 .
2 2 =
10.
2 2 , .
2 = - 0.
11. 2 + = || +
12.
49 = 7 .
13. 4 + 9 = 2 + 3 .
14.
98 + 50 = 100 + 8 .
15. 4 2 2.
16. -4 -2.
17. 1 1.
18.
7 - 6
7+ 6 .
19. 5 .
20.
4 =-2 .
37
:
1.
O 25 16 :
. 5-4, . 3, . 9, . 2
2.
2 cm :
. 2 , . 2 , . 1 . 2 2 , . 4
3.
20 cm.
.
200 cm2.
. 200 cm2, . 100 cm2, . 400 cm2 .

2
4.

= :
. 0, . = 0 . 0. . .
5.
=
:
. , . . , . . 0 0
6.
H =
. , . 0 > 0 . 0 0.
1. .
49
25
324
169 196
38
A=
2 50 + 7 + 4 - 3 4 , B=
22
30
20 10
+
11 15
4
2
x + 1 , = 4 3 x , = 9 3 x + x 2 , =
+ 5
A= 5
16 -
2 6
3 2
20 25 + 2 64
8
, =
4
(3 5 ) 2 +
A =
3
x
2
+ 5
2 3 24
A=
6
0,25 + 2,5 3,6
x, :
2
2 5
(1 5 ) 2 , B=
, =
2
2+ 5
24 +
12
6
-4 ( 6 3) 2
A B - .
7
N :
i)
3 2 1
,
8
3
2 2 3
8 5
4
1
2
ii)
,
,
2 2
3 2
2 3
8
N :
i) 3 2 2 =
ii)
2 -1
6 + 2 5 =1+ 5
39
i)
3 +x = 12 -x , ii)
iv) 2x+
2
2
3 x =
27 iii)
x
3
= 12
= x+ 2
10
12.
, .
11
, ,
:
i) 2 + 2 -2
ii)
40
2 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 2
4 5
.
11
12
: 4+ 5
13
A = 5+2 2 cm = 5-2 2 cm
:
) .
) .
14
24 cm2.
, .
.
15
( =), 18 cm. A
8m, :
) .
) .
1.2
-

.
.. 8 3 + 4 5,
2 43 - 3 5.
, , .
,

.
.x. 3 + x3,
2
+ 5 .
5

,
.
,

.
.x 5x , 3,
5 x4,
2 6
,
.
3 x4.
3
x4

,
.
41
T 3x4 :
4o
1o
5
x

x,
,
3
.x. x2, -6x2, x2 .
4
, ,
, , .x.
2x54 -2x54, .

. , 0
,
.
,
.
(3-2) x32 (-2) x32

) , ) .
) :
3 - 2 = - 2 3- = -2+2 2= 0 = 0
) : (3 - 2) + ( - 2) = 0 3+ = 2+2
4 = 4 = 1
( - 3)x3 .
1 :
A - 3 = 0 = 3 .
2 :
- 3 0 3 3 .
42
() ()
.
1.
2.
2007 x43 7.
3.
( - 4) x5 5 .
4.
x42 + x42 .
5.
3x-2 3 .
6.
4x-23, 6x-23 .
7.
4+32
.
8.
.
1.
(3 + 1)x3 +2, -5x3 2 :

. 2 , . 0, . 2, . 4.
2.
2x2 + 3x 3 :
. = 2, . = 3 . = 2 = 3 . = 2 = 3.
3.
2x . , :
. , . , . , . .
4.
[2x2 (x )2]3 x :
. 6 . . 4 . 7 . 12 .
5.
= 3x2 3. x = -3
-27. :
. 1, . 1, . 27, . 27.
43
x4
4 2 3
x ) 4-3x23 ) 3x2-3 ) (4- 5 ) x35 )
8
3
5 3
4 8
x
x
3
x 4
)
)
)
2
4
4
) -
N :

x,
x4
2 x4 2
3x 2
(- 3 2 )x4
(- 5 x3)2
44

x. N ,
.
x = 5.
:
) A= 3 +2 3 + 6 5
) = (-2) x3 2 + ( + 3) x23
.
:
) 3x4 2 + (x2)2
) (x2)2 x
) (x2 3)2 (x)3
x. A 1
,
:
) .
) .
) .

)
.
)
.

.

,
1.
2.
.
.
:
2
) 2x - 4x2, ) 236-6( 2)3,

) 3x24+(2x 2)2,
) 2x3-3x+6x3 +3x,
) 8 x2 4- 2 (x 2)2
1 5 1 5
x - x ,
4
2
) 2x2-4x2 = ( 2-4) x2 = -2x2, ) 2 3 6-6 (2)3 = 2 3 6- 63 6 =

= ( 2-6) 36 = -4 3 6, ) 2x3 - 3x+6x3 +3 x = (2+6 )x3 = 8 x3
)
1 5 1 5
1 1
1
1 2
x - x = ( - ) x5 = ( )x5= - x5
4
2
4 2
4
4 4
45
) 3x24+(2x2)2 = 3x24+4x24 = (3+4)x24 = 7x24

)
8 x24- 2 (x2)2 =
8 x24- 2 x24 =( 8 - 2 )x24 =(2 2 - 2 )x24= 2 x2 4
:
) 3x4 2x5(-4x)2, ) -3x32 (-2x3), ) 6x2(-2x6 2) (5x34)
) (2x)3 3x2
) 3x4 2x5 (-4x)2 = 3x4 2x516x2 = (3216)(x4x5 x2) = 96x11

) -3x3 2 (-2x3) = (-3)(-2)(x3 2 x3) = 6 x4 3
) 6x2 (-2x6 2) (5x34) = 6(-2)5(x2 x6 x32 6) = -60 x10 8
) (2x)3 3x2 = 8x3 3x2 = 24x5
:
) 4 x3 : 2x, ) -2 x7 4 : (- x 3), ) x2 8 : (x5 6)
) 4x3: 2x = 4x3
2
1
1
= 2x2 , ) -2x74:(- x3) =-2x74
=
2x
2
x 3
3 2 8 2 5 6
3 x 2 8 2 x5
x7 4
6 3
=
4x
)
x
:(
x
)
=
4
5
5
4
x 3
3 7 14
6 x7 14
=
=
x
10
20
= -2(-2)

x () ()
46
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
2
1
) -8x3-4x3+10x3 , ) 4x2- x2+ x2, ) 6 2 x2-2 2 x2- 32 x2
5
2
6
3 2 3 2
x - x +2x2, ) x2-1,6x2+3,4x2 , ) 3,45x + 2,45x
)
5
10
5
:
) -4x6x3,
) 2x3(-2x2), ) -3x2(-23), ) -2x3(-4x)(-5x2)
3
25
1
1
) (- x2)( x2) , ) ( x)(6x3)(- x2)
5
6
3
2
3
) 35: (2 2) 2, ) 4 5 4:(
3 2 3
), ) -x2: x4 ) 24x32 :( -2x)3
4
) x3 : (x2)3 ) -273(x)2 : (-3x)2
47
1.3
-
.
,
, .
. . 4x3 -7x + 8x4

.
, :
, .. 42 + 3
, .. 4x2 - 2x + 5
B , ,
.
,
. ,

.
4x5 - 2x3 + 2x7 3 :
7o
3
10
x,
,
x , .

: (x) Q(x) A(x) ...
E: (x) = x3+2x2-x+1, (x) = -
48
4 2
x -2x+ 2 .
5
A
,
.
.x. (x) = -4x3 - 2x + 2.
A (x) x =
() , x
.
,
.
,
,
.

.
1.4

.
:
( + ) = +
:
,

:
( + )( + ) = ( + ) + ( + ) = + + +
:
,

.
49
(x)
0, . () = 0.
(x) = 3x3 + 2x2 - x + 6x3 - 2x + 8

)
) x .
) = 0 x = -2.
) (x) = 3x3 + 2x2 -x + 6x3 - 2x + 8 = (3 + 6)x3 + 2x2 + (-1-2)x + 8 =

(3 + 6)x3 + 2x2 - 3x + 8
) :
(x) = (3 + 6)x3 + 2x2 -3x + 8.
E :
1 :
3+6 0 3 -6 -2 3 .
2 :
3+6 = 0 3= -6 =-2 2
(x) = 2x3 - 3x-1

) Q(x) = (2x) + 2(-x) + (2)
) 2(x) - Q(x).
) Q(x) = (2x) + 2(-x) +(2) =

2(2x)3 - 3(2x)-1 + 2[2(-x)3-3(-x) -1] + 2 23-32-1 =
2 8x3 - 6x -1+ 2(-2x3 + 3x-1) + 16 - 6 - 1 = 16x3 -6x -1 -4x3 + 6x- 2 + 9 =
12x3 +6
50
) 2(x) Q(x) = 2(2x3- 3x -1) - (12x3 + 6) = 4x3 - 6x -2- 12x3-6 = -8x3-6x - 8
(x) = 2x3 + x2 + x + 6 Q(x) = (-1)x3+ x2+ 1

) .
) (0)-1= Q(0)+7.
) , , , .
) (x) 3 , Q(x)
. : i) A -1 = 0 2 .
ii) A -1 0 1 3 .
) (0) = 2 03 + 02 + 0 + 6 = 6 Q(0) = ( -1) 03 + 02 + = . :
(0)-1 = Q(0) + 7 6 -1 = = 5
) : 2 = - 1 = 1 = 0 = 6
= 3 = 1 = 0 = 6.

() ()
.
1.
(x) = 2x2(x4 -1) (-x) = (x).
2.
To (x) = -2 .
3.
(x) = 0 .
4.
o (x) (2x) .
5.
(x) 3 P2(x)
6 .
6.
(x) = 0x3 - 2x + 5 3 .
7.
(x) = (3x2 - x)8(x2 - 1) + x10-3 18.
8.
9.
(x) 3 Q(x) 2
(x) Q(x) 6 .
51
10. (x) 3 Q(x) 4

(x) - Q(x) 4 .
11. (x) 2 Q(x) 3

2(x) - 4Q(x) 2 .
.

1.
(x) : (x3+2)(x) +3 = x5- 2x + 1 (x)

:
. , . , .
. , . .
2.
x2 = x + 3, x3 =
. x+6. . x2+2x+3, . 4x+3, . 4x2+3 . x2+7
3.
E.M.E. 1993
1
1
1
A x= (2- ) (3 ) :
6
2x
3x
25
. -12 , ) -1 , )
, ) 1, ) 12
.. 1992
2
A = x6-2x+ x , B= -x3-2x+x2-1 , = x-2+4x+7,

3
= 0, = ,
5
) .
) .
) .
2
:
) (3x2-2x)(4x3+4x), ) (x4-2x+2)(x5-2x), ) (x-3)(x-2)x
) (2-3+1)(-2)+(3-2)(2-)
52
(x) = 4x2-2x+3
) (-2)=-1-.
) = -4 (0)+4x-2(1)= 3x
(x) = 2x3-x+1 Q(x)= x-3

) -(x)2Q(x) ) 2(x) [2Q(x) x+2] ) [2(x)-1][Q(x)-2]
A (x) = 2x(-x2+3x)(x-2), Q(x) = (x4+1) + x3+x2+x+1,

, , , (x) Q(x)
.
(x) =2x2.
) .
) Q(x) =((x))-1.
5x2-2x +1
4x2-3x+5.
A(x) = x2-x+3
) (x)+A(-x) = 8x+3
) (1)=10
,
(x) =9x3-3x+8x-27
Q(x) = (x3+x)-3x2+(x-3) (x2+3x+9).
10
x ,
(x) = 500x+50000 . x
(x) = 2000-2x .
) x

.
)
.
) 100 .
53
1.5
A

.
:
)
( + )2 = 2 + 2 + 2
:
( + )2 = ( + ) ( + ) = 2 + + + 2 = 2 + 2 + 2
(+)2 = 2 + 2 + 2
(+ )2 .
)
( - )2 = 2- 2 + 2
:
( - )2 = ( - ) ( - ) = 2 - - + 2 = 2 - 2 + 2
) -
i) ( + )3 = 3 + 32 + 32 + 3
ii) ( - )3 = 3 - 32 + 32 - 3
:
i) ( + )3 = ( + ) (+)2 = ( + ) (2 + 2 + 2) =
3 + 22 + 2 + 2 + 22 + 3 = 3 + 32 + 33.
ii) ( - )3 = ( - ) ( - )2 = (-)(2-2+2) =
3 - 22 + 2 - 2 + 22 - 3 = 3 - 32 + 32 - 3
)
( + ) ( - ) = 2 - 2
:
( + ) ( - ) = 2 - + - 2 = 2 - 2
) -
i) 3 - 3 = ( - ) ( 2 + + 2)
ii) 3 + 3 = ( + ) (2 - + 2)
54
:
i)
ii)
(-) (2 + + 2) = 3+2 + 2 - 2- 2 - 3 = 3- 3
( + )(2 -+ 2) = 3-2 + 2 + 2 - 2 + 3 = 3 + 3
1. .
2. ( + )2 = 2 + 2,
, 0.
3. 2 + 2 = 0 = 0 = 0.

) (x + 3)2 ) ( 3 - 2)2 ) (2 + 3)2 ) (4x -
)2
( + )2 = 2 + 2 + 2 (-)2 = 2-2 + 2
) (x + 3)2 = x2 + 23x + 32 = x2 + 6x + 9.
) (3 -2)2 = (3)2 - 232 + 22 = 92 - 12 + 4
) (2 + 3)2 = (2)2 + 23+(3)2 = 4 + 62 + 92 = 4 + 152
) (4x)2 = (4x)2- 2 4x +( )2 = 16x2 - 8x + 3
2
A
( - ) (2 + 2) (4 + 4) ( + ) = 8 - 8.
=
1 = 2007
2007
: (-) (2 + 2) (4 + 4) ( + ) = 8- 8
, = 2007 =
1
2007
55
. :
) ( + + )2 = 2 + 2 + 2 +2 + 2 + 2
) ( - - )2 = 2+ 2 + 2 -2 - 2 + 2
. :
(2 + + 3)2, (3 -3 - 4)2
. ) ( + + ) 2 = ( + + )( + + ) =
2 + + + + 2 + + + + 2 = 2 + 2 +2 + 2 +2 +2
) (--)2 = (--)(--) = 2 - - - + 2 + - + + 2 =
= 2 + 2 + 2 -2 -2 + 2.
. :
(2 + + 3)2 = (2)2 + 2 + (3)2 + 22 + 22 3 + 2 3 =
42 + 2 + 92 + 4 + 12 + 6.
(3 - 3 - 4)2 = (3)2 + (-3)2 + (-4)2 + 23 (-3) + 23(-4)+2 (-3)(-4)
= 92 + 92 + 162 - 18 - 24 + 24
.
) 2 + 2 = ( + )2- 2 3 + 3 = ( + )3- 3( + )
) + = 6 = 5
= 2 + 2 , = 3 + 3, = 4 + 4
) :
( + )2- 2 = 2 + 2 + 2 -2 = 2 + 2
( + )3 -3( + ) = 3+32 +32 + 3 -32 - 32 = 3 + 3
) ) :
= 2 + 2 = (+)2- 2 = 62- 2 5 = 36 -10 = 26.
= 3 + 3 = ( + )3- 3( + ) = 63 -3 5 6 = 216 - 90 = 226.
= 4 + 4 = (2)2 + (2)2 = (2+2)2 -22 2 = 262 -2()2 =
676 -252 = 676 50 = 626.
56

) (3 - )2-3(4 + 5)(4 - 5) ) (3x - )(3x + ) - (x - )(x2 + x + 2)
) (3 - )2-3(4 + 5)(4 - 5) = (3)2- 23 +2-[(4)2-52] =

92- 6 + 2- 162 + 25 = 72 - 6 + 2 + 25
) (3x - )(3x + )-(x - )(x2 + x + 2) = (3x)2 -2 (x3 - 3) =
9x2 - 2-x3 + 3
6
:
) ( + )2 - ( - )2 = 4
) (2007+
1 2
1 2
) (2007) = 4
2007
2007
) (3 + 2)2 - (2 + 3)2 = 5 ( - 1)( + 1).
) ( + )2- ( - )2 = 2 + 2 + 2 (2- 2 + 2) =
2 + 2 + 2 + 2 - 2 = 4
) ) = 2007 = 1
2007
1 2
1 2
1
(2007+
) -(2007) = 42007
= 4.
2007
2007
2007
) (3 + 2)2 - (2 + 3)2 = [3 + 2-(2 + 3)][3 + 2 + (2 + 3)] =
(3 + 2- 2-3) (3 + 2 + 2 + 3) (-1) (5+5) = 5( - 1)( + 1)
7
x, :
) x2 + 2 + 6x + 9 = - 25, ) 2x2 + 2 + 2x + 4x + 4 = 0
) x2 + 2 + 6x + 9 = -25 x2 + 2 + 6x + 9 - + 25 = 0
x2 + 6x + 2 + 8 + 25 = 0 x2 + 6x + 9 + 2 + 8 + 16 = 0
(x + 3)2 + ( + 4)2 = 0 x+3 = 0 + 4 = 0 x = -3 = -4.
) 2x2 + 2 + 2x + 4x + 4 = 0 x2 + x2 + 2 + 2x + 4x + 4 = 0
x2 + 4x + 4 + x2 + 2x + 2 =0 (x + 2)2 + (x + )2 = 0 x + 2 = 0
x + = 0 x = -2 - 2 = 0 x = -2 = 2.
57
H O
() ()
.
1.
: (x3 + 2)2 = x6 + 4.
2.
: ( - )2 = (-)2.
3.
( + )2 = 2 + 2.
4.
: 2 + 2 = ( + )2- 2.
.
5.
6.
( - )2 = 2 - 2.
7.
2 + 2 = 0 = 0 = 0.
8.
A 2 + 2 =2 = .
9.
(3-)2 = (3-1)2.
10. A 2 + 2 ( + )2 = 0 =0 =0.
11.
-(+ )( - ) = 2 -2.
12. 3 + 3 = ( + )(2 + + 2).

13. (-)3 = -(-)3.
14. (x-)2 = x2 - 2x(-) +(-)2.
B.
58
:
1.
A - = 6 = 2 + 2 - 2 + 3 :
. 0 . 39, . 36 . 33 . 81
2.
x + = 20 x2 - 2 = 80 = - x
:
. 4 , . -4 . 1 . 10 . .
3.
( - 3)2 :
. 2 + 9, . 2- 6 + 9, . ( + 3)( - 3) . 2 9
4.
. 9, . 11, . 7, . -9, . -11

5.
A 2 + + 2 = 10 3 - 3 = 20 - :
. 2, . -2, . 4 . -4 . .
6.
( + )2= 2 + 2 + 2, , :
. , . , . , .
, . .
7.
x + 4 , x > 4
x2-16 , :
. x + 5, . x-4, . x + 4, . x2-16 , . .
8.
2 - + 2 :
. = , . = 2, . = 2 .
9.
. .
x + = 4 x = 3 x3 + 3 :
. 28, . 36, . 64, . 16, . .
10. ( + - )2 :
. 2 + 2 -2 +2 - 2 - 2, . 2 + 2 + 2 +2 + 2 + 2
. 2 + 2 +2 -2 - 2 + 2, . 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 - 2 + 2
11. 2 - 2 - 2 :
. ( - )2 . ( - )2 . ( + )2 . ( - )( + )
59
60
:
2
) ( 2x+3x2)2, ) ( x 2 4 x )2, ) ( -3x3+2x)2, ) ( 4x2+2x2)2
3
1
) (-3x-2x3)2 ) ( + )2
3
) ( +2)3, ) (22+33)3, ) (3-22)3, ) ( 2-4)3
4
2
) (2x- )3 ) ( 3 2 )3
x
:
) (4x - ) (4x + ), ) (3x2 - )(3x2 + ), ) (x- + 2z)(x + -2z)
) (4x - x3)(4x + x3) ) (x - )(-x -)(x2 + 2).
N :
) (2x)3 - 8, ) 27x3 - 643, ) 8x3 + 64 ) 64 - (2x)3
) (3 + 2)3- (3)3
:
) (2x + 3)2 (3x - 1)(3x + 1), ) ( 3 - 2)2 - (3 + 2)2 + 3( -1 ) + 3
) (1 - x)(1 + x) + (x -1)2 + 2(x -1) ) (x - 2)2 - (1- 2x)2 + (3x -1)(3x + 1)
(x) = 3x2 - 5x + 1. N :
) (x - 10), ) (3 - 2x), ) (-x +1) -2x
N x.
(x) = (x3 - 1)2 + (x3 + 1)2-2(x3-1)(x3+1).
Q(x) = (x2 + 1)3 + 3(x2+1)2(1-x2) +3(x2+1)(1-x2)2 + ( 1-x2)3.
A + = 3 = -4 :
) 2 + 2, ) 3 + 3
+ = 5 = 4 :
) 2 + 2, ) 3 + 3, ) 4 + 4
10
+ + = 3 2 + 2 + 2 = 27 :
) + + , ) 3 + 3 + 3 - 2007
11
+ = 6 2 + 2 = 26 :
) , ) 3 + 3
12
x+
) x2+
13
1
=2 :
x
1
1
1
, ) x3+ 3 ) x4+ 4
2
x
x
x
1
=2 , x > 0, :
x
1
1
1
) x2+ 2 , ) (x+ )2 , ) x+
x
x
x
A x -
14
:
) ( -1) ( + 1)(2 + 1)(4 + 1)(8 + 1) = 16 -1
) ( + + )2 + ( - )2 + ( - )2 + ( - )2 = 32 + 32 + 32
+ 2 2 4
) (
) =
) -(
15
x, :
) x2 + 2x + 1 + 2 + 4 + 4 = 0, ) x2 + 2 + 6x + 8 + 25 = 0,
) 4x2 + 2 + 4x + 2 = -2
16
) : 2 - (-2) ( + 2)
) : 20072 - 2005 2009 = 4
17
N : (x -2)(x2 + 2x + 4)(x + 2)(x2 - 4x + 4) = x6 - 64
61
62
18
N : = 20072 + 20072 2008 +20082 + 2007

.
19
:
) 27 3 + 272 x + 92 x + x3
) ( + )2 + 2( + )( - ) + ( - )2
20
, = 3 -1, = 3 +1, :
) , ) 2 + 2, ) 2 - 2
21
:
) (x+)2 = + 2x + , ) (x - 2)2 = +- ,
) (+)2 = 4x2 ++ 92 , ) (-)2 = x2 +- 2
22
:
) -= (2x - 2)(2 + 2x), ) (x4 - 1) = (-)(+)(+),
) -=(x - ) (x2 ++), ) x3 += (..+ 2)(-2x +)
23
:
) ( x +)3 = +++ 8, ) ( -2)3 = 3-+-
24
N 39 + 1 28.
25
, :
) (x - )2 = x 2x + + 1, ) (x - )(x + ) = x + 3 - 4 -
26
= 900. + = 2 0 = 4
.
27
1.6
, ,
.
,
.
,
.

:
)
,

.

i) 8x2 - 20x2 + 12x22 ii) ( - ) + 3( - ) iii) 4(3x - 1) + x(2 - 6x)
i) 8x2 - 20x2 + 12x22 = 4x(8x - 5 + 3x)

ii) ( - ) + 3( - ) = ( - )-3( - ) = ( - )( - 3)
iii) 4(3x - 1) + x(2 - 6x) = 4(3x - 1) - 2x(3x - 1) = (3x - 1)(4 - 2x) = 2(3x - 1)(2 - x)
) ()
,
:
.
,
.

i) 4x3 - 8x2 + 3x - 6 ii) x - 5x - 5 + 25 iii) 2x2 + 6x + 42
63
i) 4x3 - 8x2 + 3x - 6 = 4x2(x - 2) + 3(x - 2) = (x - 2)(4x2 + 3)

ii) x - 5x - 5 + 25 = x( - 5) -5( - 5) = ( - 5)(x - 5)
iii) 2x2 + 6x + 42 = 2x2 + 2x + 4x + 42 = 2x(x + ) + 4(x + ) =
= (x + )(2x + 4) = 2(x + )(x + 2)
)
A
2 2 = ( + )( - )
,
.

i) 9x2 - 16 ii) (2x - 1)2 - 49 iii) x2 - 5
i) 9x2 - 16 = (3x)2 - 42 = (3x - 4)(3x + 4)

ii) (2x -1)2 49 = [(2x - 1)-7][(2x - 1) + 7] = (2x - 1 - 7)(2x - 1 + 7) =
(2x - 8)(2x + 6) = 2(x - 4)2(x + 3) = 4(x - 4)(x + 3)
iii) x2 -5 = x2-( 5 )2 = (x- 5 )(x+ 5 )
)

3 3 = ( - )(2 + + 2), 3 + 3 = ( + )(2 - + 2)
,
.

i) x 3- 8 ii) x3 + 27 iii) 27x3 - 83
64
i) x3 - 8 = x3 - 23 = (x-2)(x2 + x + 2)
ii) x3 + 27 = x3 + 33 = (x + 3) (x2 - 3x + 9)
iii) 27x3 - 83 = (3x)3 - (2)3 = (3x - 2)[(3x)2 + 3x2 + (2)2]=
(3x - 2)(9x2 + 6x + 42)
)

2 + 2 + 2 = ( + )2,
2 - 2 + 2 = ( - )2
,
( ).

i) 2 + 6 + 9 ii) 162 - 24 + 92 iii) -2 + 2 - 1
i) 2 + 6 + 9 = 2 + 2 3 + 32 = ( + 3)2
ii) 162 - 24 + 92 = (4)2 - 2 4 3 + (3)2 = (4 - 3)2
iii) -2 + 2 - 1 = -(2 - 2 + 1) = - (-1)2
) x2 + ( + )x + .
x2 + ( + )x +

x2 + ( + )x + = (x + )(x + )

i) x2 - 7x + 6 ii) x2 + 3x + 2 iii) -2x2 + 8x - 6
i) x2 - 7x + 6,
6 -7.
, .
: -1 -6.
x2 - 7x + 6 = (x - 1)(x - 6)
ii) x2 + 3x + 2,
3 2.
( ).
: 1 2 .
65
x2 + 3x + 2 = (x + 1)(x + 2 )
iii) -2x2 + 8x - 6,
-2, x2 1,
-2x2 + 8x - 6 = -2(x2 - 4x + 3)
: x2 - 4x + 3.
A 3 -4.
: -1 -3. x2 - 4x + 3 = (x - 1)(x - 3).
A -2x2 + 8x - 6 = -2(x2 - 4x + 3) = -2(x - 1)(x - 3)
:
) 4 + 8 ) 62 + 243 + 2 ) 42 - 2 + 2 ) 4 + 3 ) 1 2- 3
2
2
2
4
2
) (x - 3) - (x - 3), ) x + - - x ) 9x - 15x + 25
) 4 + 8 = 4( + 2)
) 62 + 243 + 2 = 2( 3 +122 +1)
) 42 - 2 + 2 = 2(22 - +1)
) 4 +3 = ( + 1)
1
3
1
3
) 2 - = (- )
2
2
2
2
) 2(x - 3) (x - 3) = (x - 3)(2 - 1) = (x - 3)( - 1)( + 1)
) x + - - x = (x + ) (x + ) = (x + )( - )
) 9x4 - 15x2 + 25 = (3x2 - 5)2
66
) = 3x3 - 3x
) : 3x3=3x
) = 3x3 - 3x = 3x(x2 - 1) = 3x(x - 1)(x + 1)

) 3x3 = 3x 3x3-3x = 0 3x(x - 1)(x + 1)=0 3x=0 x-1=0 x + 1 = 0
x = 0 x = 1 x = -1.
EH O
() ()
.
1.
x2 - 2 = (x - 2)(x + 2).
2.
2 + 2 = ( - )( + ).
3.
2 - 2 = -( - )( + ).
4.
I ( + )- - = ( + )( + 1).
5.
( -) + ( -) = ( - )( - ).
6.
1- x2 = (x - 1)(x + 1).
:
1.
H x3 - 5x2 + 6x :
. x(x - 2)(x - 3), . x(x + 2)(x + 3), . x (x - 2)(x + 3), x(x + 2)(x - 3)
2.
=
. 10, . 100, . 2, . 5.
1 5,2 32 5,2 32
:
2 0, 4 6
:
) 3x2 + 6x ) 4x3 - 4x2 ) 3x2- 3 ) 5x3 - 10x2 - 5x ) 4x2 - 12x
) 3(x - ) ( - x) x + ) 3 + 2 + 2 + 3
N :
) ( + 1)2 - -1 ) x3 + x2 + x + 1 ) (x - 4)( + ) -x + 4 ) x2 - 2x + 2
) 25x2 - 10x + 2 ) (x + )2 - 6(x + ) + 9
:
) 4 - 2 ) 16 - 2 ) x2 - 5 ) x 3- x ) 18x2 - 82
) 4 - 1 ) 9(x + )2 - 16(x - )2
:
) x2 - 3 ) x2 - 5 ) x4 - x ) x3 - 5x2 + 7x - 35 ) x3 - 4x
67
:
) (x2 - 4)2 - (x + 3)(x + 2)2 ) (2x - 6)(x2 - 9) - (4x - 12)(x - 3)2
) 4x2 - 4x + 1 - 92 ) 2 + 2 - x2 + 2x + 2 - 2
) ( - 2) -4( - 2) - (2 - )2 ) x3 + 8 - x(x + 2)
) x3 - 27 - (x - 3)
:
) (2 + )(x - 1) (1 - x)( + ), ) ( + )(x + ) - x - ,
) (2 -2)(x+)-(x2-2)(-)
:
) x2 - 3x + 2 , ) x2 - 7x + 6, ) 3x2 - 2x - 1, ) -x2 + 7x + 6, ) x2- 4x + 4
:
) x2+(3+ 3) x+3 3 ) x2+(3+)x+3 ) x2+(4- 5 )x-4 5
:
) x2 - 2x - 3 + (x + 1), ) x2 + x + 5x - -6, ) x2 + x - 7x - 4 + 12
10
:
) x3 - 4x2 + 3x, ) x3 - 6x2 + 8x, ) 2x3 - 10x2 + 12x, )
x x2 2
+
+
10 25 16
11
:
) 8x3 -273, ) x3 - 83, ) x3 + 1, ) 54x3 + 163
) 6 - 1, ) 16x4 + 2x
12
) : = x3 - 5x2 + 6x
) = 0
13
:
) x2 - 100 = 0, ) 16x3 - x = 0, ) x(x + 2)2 = 9x, ) (x - 3)3 = (x - 3),
) x2 (x - 1)-x + 1 = 0, ) x2(x - 2) - 4x + 8 = 0
14
) = 2 - 4 + 4 + 42
2
2
) ( 4 + 4 + 4 2 3) 2007
+ 2 2
15
68
:
A = 2 - 4 + 42 - 16, = 42 - 4 - 4 + 2 = x2 - 4x - 52
= 32 - 4 + 1 - 2 - 2
16
:
A = x4 + 44, = x4 + 4 , = x4 + 9 - 7x2, = x4 + 4 -3x22
= x4 + 4 + x22Z = x2 + 4x - 52
17
:
= x3 - 7x + 6, B = 2x3 - 5x + 3, = x3 - 4x + 3, = x3 + 2x2 - 1
18
:
) x+3 - x ) x+2 - x ) x+1 - x+2 ) x+3 - x+2 -x+2
19
:
) (x + 1)2 - 4(x + 1) +4 ) 2 + - 2 - + ( - )2 ) (x-1)2-6(x-1) + 9
20

.
) 2007 1321 - 2007 321 ) 9952 - 25 ) 998 1002 + 1 ) 401 399
) 20072 - 2006 2008
1.7
, ()
() 0 : ,
() (),
:
=+
0 <
= 0, = .
.
, (x) ( ) (x) ()
(x) 0 (x):(x), (x) ( ) (x) (),
:
(x) = (x) (x) + (x) (T ),
(x)
(x).
69

.
(x) = 6x5 + 3x2 - 13x4 + 4x3 + 2x-1
(x) = -2x2 + 3x3 -x (x) : (x)

x
:
6x5 - 13x4 + 4x3 - 3x2 + 2x -1
3x3 - 2x2 -x
6x5 3x3
5
( 6 x = 2x2). T 2x2
3
. 3 x
6x5 - 13x4 + 4x3 - 3x2 + 2x - 1
3x3 - 2x2 - x
2x2
2x2 (3x3 - 2x2 - x)

2x2 ( 3x3 - 2x2 -x) = 6x5 - 4x4 - 2x3
.
,
, .
6x5 - 13x4 + 4x3 - 3x2 + 2x -1
3x3 - 2x2 - x
-6 x5 + 4x4 + 2x3
2x2
-9x4 + 6x3 -3x2 + 2x - 1

To 1 = -9x4 + 6x3 - 3x2 + 2x-1
-9x4 1
9 x4
= -3x).
3x3 (
3 x3
-3x .
6x5 - 13x4 + 4x3 - 3x2 + 2x -1
-6x5 + 4x4 + 2x3
70
-9x4 + 6x3 - 3x2 + 2x - 1
3x3 - 2x2 - x
2x2 - 3x
-3x, ,
3x3 - 2x2 - x -3x(3x3 - 2x2 - x) =
-9x4 + 6x3 + 3x2 1.
6x5 - 13x4 + 4x3 - 3x2 + 2x - 1
3x3 - 2x2 - x
-6x5+4x4+2x3
2x2 - 3x
-9x4 + 6x3 - 3x2 + 2x - 1

9x4 - 6x3 -3x2
2x - 1
2 = 2x -1 .

( )
( ).
.
:
6x5 - 13x4 + 4x3 - 3x2 + 2x -1 = (3x3 - 2x2 -x)(2x2 - 3x) + 2x - 1.
() = () () + ()
:
() = () () (x) (x)
(x).
:
,
: , ,
= .
71
) (x4 - 3x3 - 3x2 + 7x + 6) : (x2 - 2x -3)

) x4 - 3x3 - 3x2 + 7x + 6
) x4 - 3x3 - 3x2 + 7x + 6
x4 - 3x3 - 3x2 + 7x + 6
-x4 + 2x3 + 3x2
-x3
x3
x2 - 2x - 3
x2 - x -2
+7x + 6
- 2x -3x
2
- 2x2 + 4x + 6
2x2
-4x -6
0
) ) E :
(x4 - 3x3 - 3x2 + 7x - 6) = (x2 - 2x - 3)( x2 - x - 2) (1)
H (x2 - 2x -3) :
: -2 -3
: -3 1. x2 - 2x -3 = (x + 1)(x - 3).
O (x2 - x -2) :
: -1 -2.
: -2 1. x2 - x - 2 = (x + 1)(x - 2)
(1) (x4 - 3x3 - 3x2 + 7x - 6) = (x + 1)(x - 3)(x + 1)(x - 2) (2).
) x4 - 3x3 - 3x2 + 7x - 6 = 0. . (2) .
x4 - 3x3 - 3x2 + 7x - 6 = 0 (x + 1)(x - 3)(x + 1)(x - 2) = 0
x - 1 = 0 x - 3 = 0 x + 1 = 0 x - 2 = 0 x = 1 x = 3 x = -1 x = 2.
72
(x) x2 - 2x
4x + 1 (x) = 8x - 5.
:
(x) = (x2 - 2x)(4x + 1) + 8x - 5 = 4x3 + x2 - 8x - 2x + 8x - 5 = 4x3 + x2- 2x + 5
3
(x) = x2 + 2x - 1,
[(x) - 2(x + 1) + 3(x - 2) + 24] : (x + 2)
(x + 1) = (x + 1)2 + 2(x + 1) -1 = x2 + 2x + 1 + 2x + 2 - 1 = x2 + 4x + 2.
(x - 2) = (x - 2)2 + 2(x - 2) -1 = x2 - 4x + 4 + 2x - 4 - 1 = x2 - 2x - 1.
:
(x) - 2(x + 1) + 3(x - 2) + 24 = x2 + 2x + 1 -2(x2 + 4x + 2) +3(x2 - 2x-1) + 24
= x2 + 2x - 1 - 2x2 - 8x - 4 + 3x2 - 6x - 3 + 24 = 2x2 - 12x + 16
:
2x2 - 12x + 16
-2x2 - 4x
-16x + 16
16x + 32
48
x+2
2x - 16
EH O
A.
() ()
1.
3 2
1 .
2.
(x) x2-9 : (-3) = (3) = 0.
3.
x + 3 (x) (-3) 0.
4.
5.
E
.
73
6.
E
.
:
1.
(x) = (x-3)(x3 + 2x - 1) + 7. To
(x) x-3 :
. 0 . -1 . 3 . 7 . -7
2.
(3x3 - 2x + 5) : (x - 1 ) :
. 6 . 7 . -3 . 5
3.
(x3 - 5x2 + 4x - 3) : (x - 2) :
. 1 . 2 . 3 .
4.
(x) (x3 - 5x + 2) 3.
(2) :
. 3 . 0 . -3 . 10
5.
A (x)
:
. . . (x)
. .

) (x3 - 5x2 + 7x - 2 ) : (x - 2 ), ) (5x2 + 16x + 3) : (x + 2),
) [(x2 - 1)(x + 1) -5 ] : (x-3), ) (2x4 + 4x3 - 5x + 2) : (x2 - 1)
) x6 : (x - 2)2
74
(x) = (x3 - 4x) (3x2 - 3) - 4x + 5.

i)

)
(x) : (x3 - 4x) ) (x) : (3x2 - 3)
ii)
N (x) = 5 - 4x.
) (x5 + 1) : (x + 1)
E 105+1
11.
) (x5 - 1) : (x - 1)
E
205 - 1 19.
) N (2x3 - 7x2 + 11x - 4 ): ( x2 - 3x + 4).

) : 2x3 - 7x2 + 11x - 4.
) (2x3 - 7x2 + 6) : (2x - 1)

) E .
) 2x3-7x2+ 3
2
(x) (x2 - 3x - 2)
x2 - 2x 3x + 2. (-2).
(x) 3x3 - 2x -1
3x - 1 (1).
, (x) = x3 + x2 + x + 1
x2 + 1.
Q(x)= (2 + )x3 + (2 + )x2 + ( + )x-2.

A Q(x) x = 1 -4 :
) .
) Q(x).
) (x) = Q(Q(x)).
75
1.8
E.K.. ...
:
,

.
,
.

:
..., ...
...
... .
... ...
) 12x3, 20x423, 16x232
) : A = 6x2 - 6x, B = 4x2 - 8x + 4, = 3x2 - 3
12, 20, 16 ... = 240 ... = 4,

... = 240 x433 ... = 4 x2
1) .
= 6x2 - 6x = 6x(x -1)
B = 4x2 - 8x + 4 = 4(x2 - 2x + 1) = 4 (x - 1)2
= 3x2 - 3 = 3(x2 - 1) = 3 (x - 1)(x + 1)
2) Y ... ...
. : 6, 4, 3
: E.K.. = 12 ... = 1
76
3) ... . .. .
, , ...= 12x(x-1)2(x+1)
... = 1(x-1)
H O
1

, ... .
)
)
)

x(x + 1), 2x3(x + 1)2
x4(x - 1), x3(x2 - 1)
x(x + 1)3, x4(x + 1)

1.
2.
3.
4.
x (x + 1)
2x3(x + 1)2
x4(x - 1)(x + 1)
x4(x - 1)
4

... .
2x
3x(x-2)
9(x-1)2
18x
x2 - 4
3x2 (x2 - 1)

, ... .
)
)
)
)
4

3x(x - 1), 6x2(x - 1)3
2x(x2 - 1), 4(x - 1)3
(x2 - 4), 3x(x - 2)2
15x5, 3x(x - 1)3

1.
2.
3.
4.
x-2
3x(x - 1)
3x
2(x - 1)

... , .
9x(x2 - 1)
6x(x - 1)3
x4(x - 1)5
3x(x-1)3
4x2
x5
77
... ... :
) 2x232, 4x32 , 6x23
) 6(x)2x, (2x)2x3, 8x3
) 42, 84, 123
... ... :
) 6(x2 - 2), 3(x - ), x3 - 3
) x4 - 4x2 + 9(4 - x2), x3 + 4x2 + 4x - 3(x + 2)2
) x2 + x, x2 - 1, x3 - x
... ... :
) x2 - 3x + 2, x2 - 4x + 3, x2 - 5x + 6
) x2 - 4x + 4, x2 + x - 6 , x2 - 4
) (x - 1)(x - 1), (x + 1)(x - 1)2, (x + 1)2(x - 1)
... ... :
) 2 - 2, 2 - 4 + 4, 3 - 4
) 3 - 8, 2 - 4, 2 - 5 + 6
1.9

,
.
( ) ,
,
,
.

.

,
78
,
.
:
x2 4 x + 3
3x 3
)
)
x3 1
4 x2 4
) :
3( x 1)
3( x 1)
3
3x 3
=
=
=
2
2
4 x 4 4( x 1) 4( x 1) (x + 1) 4( x + 1)
) .
2 ,
-4 3. : -3 -1.
:
3 - 3 = ( - )(2 + + 2) :
x2 4 x + 3
x3
( x 1) (x 3)
=
= 2
3
2
x 1
( x 1) (x + x + 1) x + x + 1
:
)
x
3
7x 1
4x 2
3x 1
x 1
)
) 2
) 2
) 2
) 2
x2
x +1
x x
x 1
x +1
x 1

:
3x
2x 1 2x
3x 5
x2 x
)
)
+
) 3
) 2
1
x +1 x 1
x x
x 4
:
2 + 2 2
x2 1
3 x 2
3x2 3x
2x
)
) 3
)
)
) 3
2
2
2
2
x

x 1
x 1
3x
79
:
x 2 + 3 x
2 25
x2 6 x + 9
6x
) 2
) 2
)
)
2 + 1 0
x 9 2
2 x3 6 x 2
3x x
:
)
x2 5x + 6
x2 4 x
x3 + x 2
2 a
)
)
)
x2 4
x2 8x + 1 6
x2 x
2 2 + 2
x + x + +
4 2 7
)
2
( + ) (x + )
3
:
=
x2 6 x + 8x x2 5x + 6 x2 4 x + 4
x 1
x2 4 x + 3
x2 4 x
x4 1
1 1
1
= (1+ + 2 + 3 ): 4
x x
x x3
x
x 2 3
x 2 2 4
:
x 2 x +
x3 + 3
:
3 3
2 2
= 3
+ 2 +
2 + 2
80
4 4
( + ) 2
, =
2 +2
2 2
1.10

, :
) =
:

: =
=

, , :
.

=
1.

x2 2 x x2 4
2x
) (4x2-4)
)
x
4x + 8
3x + 3
2
) (4x -4)
( 4 x 2 4) 2 x
4( x 2 1) 2 x 4( x 1) (x + 1) 2 x
2x
=
=
=
=
3x + 3
3x + 3
3( x + 1)
3( x + 1)
4( x 1) 2 x
3
81
1
2
2
2
2
2
) x 2 x x 4 = ( x 2 x) ( x 4) = x( x 2) ( x 2) (x + 2) = ( x 2)
4x + 8
(4 x + 8) x
4( x + 2) x
4
x
2.
:
x2 4 x2 4 x + 4
)
:
x
x2 x
1
2
) 3
1
3
9
x2 4 x2 4 x + 4
x2 4
x2 x
( x 2 4) ( x 2 x)
:
=
=
=
x
x
x2 x
x2 4 x + 4
x ( x 2 4 x + 4)
( x 2) ( x + 2) x( x 1)
( x + 2) (x 1)
=
2
x2
x( x 2)
1
2
( 1) ( 3 9) ( 1)( 2 9) ( 1)( 3) ( + 3)
) 3 =
=
=(-1)(+3)
=
1
( 3)
( 3)
2 3
3 9
:
)
:
10 x 2 5 x
x2 1 6 x + 4 ,
25 x ,
x + 2 2x + 6 x + 2 ,
: 2
)
:
)
)
:(
)
2
8
32
x 1 x 1 x + 3
1 - 4 x + 4 x 8x 2
)
82
( + 2) 2 2 + 2 ,
5 x x 2 + 10 x + 2 5,
+ 3 + 3
)
: 2
:
) 2
2
2
x+5
x x
x 25

x2 9
x+3
x3 1 x 2 2 x + 1
,
)
:
:
x3 8 x 2 + 2 x + 4
( x 2) 2
x2 4
:
2
2
)
+2
2
+
+ 2
) [
x3 + 1
x2 2
x+2
x3
x 1
1
) [ 2
+
]:
+
]: 3
2
2
2
( x 1)
x 1 ( x 1)
x 4 x 2 x 8
1
1
:
6 10 x + 2(4 x 3)
1
= 2007 2( x + ) 2
3( x z) + 3( + z)
3
x + = 2007
x x2 + x + 1 = 0
N :
) x 0
) x3 = 1
) x2005 + x2006 + x2007 = 0
A = x(x - 4) = (x - 6)(x + 2) :
) = - 12
) + 36 .
) x(x - 6)(x - 4)(x + 2) + 36
:
) (x2 - 1)2008 + (2 - 2x)2006 + (x2 - x)2 = 0
) (x3 + 3x2 + 3x)(x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 2) + 1 = 0
10 cm
14 cm .
.
x :
2 2
4
2
2006x + -2x-2+2 + 2007(x-1) +(-1) = 2
(x) = 2x - 1.
) (0) + (-1) + (1) + (-x) = x
) , :
1
( ) - 2( ) = 32
2
2
83
1
1
(x+ ) = (x- ), : 2 - 2 = 2.
x
x
2
2
, 10.

.
224cm2, :
) .
) , .
10
A - = 1 :
( + )(2 + 2)(4 + 4)(8 + 8)= 16 - 16
11
x 0 x+ 1 = 1 :
x
) x2 - x + 1 = 0 ) x3 = -1 ) x2001 + x - 2004 = 0.
12
N :
) 2 - ( + 1)( - 1) = 1
) N 6,786952 - 7,78695 5,78695 = 1
13
+ = -
3
5
:
= 98
14
) 2 + 2
) (2 - 1)2 + (1 - 2)2 + 28( + )
14
84
= 20072 + 4015 .
10
1
) ;
) ;
) x + 2
(x) = x3 + 6x2 + 12x + 8 .
) ( + )2 = 2 + 2
,
2
) 2x2 + 7x + 3.
2x + 1 x.
) - = 2 2 + 2 = 20 :
i) ii) 3 - 3
) :
i) x3( - ) + 27( - )
ii) (3x - 2 + 3)2 + 6x - 4 + 7
) x 3x2 + 5x + 3 = A + B(x - 1) + (x - 1)2
, , .
3

5
2 + 3 3 2
)
- 2
2 2 3 + 3 6 6
) A - = ( 3 2) ( 3 + 2 ) :
A = ( + )2 - 4 + ( - )2007
) + 2 +
= 10
2
:
= 2(+ )2 ( + 2) 2
2
4
) , , = 0
+ +
.
)
i)
3 + 6 + 9 + . . .+ 300 ,
2 + 4 + 6 + . . .+ 200
ii)
3x + 6 x + 9 x + . . .300x
2 x + 4 x + . . .+ 200x
85
20
1
) T ;
)
.
)
i) ( x - )2 = - + 4
ii) ( -)2 = + 25 - 10
) (x) = x2 - 3x + 1 ( 2 1 )
2
) 14 + 6 5
3+ 5
) :
= x4 - x2, B = x3 + 2x2 - x - 2 -
) :
i) O 2 + 7 , .
ii) : 2 - 2 + 1 , , .
3
.
3-x
3+x
) (x) .
3+x
) x.
) x
9.
) x ;
86
(x) 3. (x)
x2 - x 3x + 1.
) (0) P(1)
) 2x - 3 (x)
(x) 3x2 - x - 1 .

1.1
.
H O
-3
0, 3
-0,8
3,14
) (-3 2 - 5)x = (-6 -5)x = -11x, ) 3(2 - 5x) = -6 + 15x , ) 3(2-5)x =

= -3 (-3)x = 9x, ) -3, -2x ) 6 + 3 + 2x + x ) 3x, 2
4
i)
)
ii)
)
87
5
)

1.
) 2 + 3 4 - 12: (-4)+1 = 2 + 12 + 3 + 1 =18, ) 2 + 3(4 -12):(-4 +1) =

2 + 3 (-8):(-3) = 2 + (-24) : (-3) = 2 + 8 = 10 ) -3 (-2) -5 +4: (-2)-6=
6 -5 -2 -6= -7 ) -8: (-3 + 5) -4 (-2 + 6) = -8(+2) -4 (+4) = -4 16 = -20
2.
(5 -4) - (+2) + (-6 +4)-(-7) = -(+1) (+2) + (-2) - (-7) = -1 -2 -2 +7 = 2

4- (-2 +6 -3) + (-9 +6) = 4 +2 -6 +3 -9 +6 = 4 +2 +3 +6 -6 -9 = 0
14 + (-6 + 5 -3)- (-4 -1)(-2) = 14+ (-4) - (-5)(-2)= 14 + (-4) - (+10) =
14 -4 -10 = 0 (-3) (-2) +4 -(+5) - (-1): (-1) = +6 +4- (+5) (+1) =
= +6 +4 -5 -1 = 4
2004 ( )
3.
= 5 m, = 20 m = 25 Km = 45 m
+ = 20 + 45 = 65 Km.
M 25 m
4.
88
5.
6.
7.
) 12 + 5 - 20, ) 8 +9 -1, )
8.
) 8-( - ) + ( - 5 -) = 8 - + + -5 - = 8 -5 =3
) 2-( + -) - (4 + - )-( -2 -) = 2 - - + - 4 - + + 2 + = 0
) -2( - 3) + (-7 + 9) -3(+2) = -2 + 6 + (+2) 6 = -2 + 6 + 2 - 6=0
9.
= 4-(x - ) - ( - ) = 4 - x + - + = 4 (x + ) + + =
4- (-5) +(-7) = 4 + 5 - 7 = 2
= -(-5- x + ) + (-8 +) - ( - 4) = 5 + x - - 8 + - + 4 =
9 - 8 + x + - ( + ) = 1+ (-5) (-7) = 1 - 5 + 7 = 3.
) 0,35 -6,15 +8,5
10. : 2( + ) = 56 + = 28 2( + ) = 32 + = 16.
= - (9 - 2) - (15 - - 2) = - 9 + 2 - 15 + + 2 =
+ + 2( + ) 9 -15 = 28 + 32 - 9- 15 = 36
11.
-7
= 0
-6
-3
= 0
-5
= 0
89
. .

1.
)
2.
3.
4.
2.
90
-27
3.
4.
5.
= 2.
3 = (3 )2 =
92, .
.
1.
12
91
2.
3.
4
9
64
1
16
36
2
3
8
1
4
6
5
5
10
7
14
12
12
48
48
3
4
3
4
4
3
4
3
4.
5.
92
1.
2.
3.
93
4.
( )
5.
6.
7.
94
8.
9.
= + .
50 m2,
8 m2,
.
10. A
: 2 = 2 + 2 2 = 32 + 62 2 = 9 + 36

.
: 2 = 2 + 2 2 = 22 + 12
2 = 5
=3.
11.
) .
= AB + B + = 2 = 4 + 4 .
) :
95
1.2
-
H O
1.
: ), ), ), )
2.
1): ), ), ) 2) ), ), ), )
3) ), ), )
3.

5x4
-x2
1 2 5
x
7
- 3 x4
5
-1
1
7
- 3

x
x4
1
2
x
1
2 5
x
2

4
2
5

x,
5
3
7
x4
4.
5.
O : 1. A , 2. , 3.
4. , 5. , 6, , 7. , 8. .
: 1. , 2. , 3. , 4. , 5. .
6. , 7. , 8. .

1.
2. :
3.
4. ) = 3, = 2, ) = 4, = 3, = 2, ) = -4, = 3, = 2
96
5.
6. x : 2 x + (9-x) 1
7. . = 2.
:
2 = 2 + 2 2=52 + x2. = 25+ x2.
x = 12, = 25 + 122 = 169 .
. H O
1.
)
2.
97
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
) x2 + x2 + x2 = 3x2 , ) x + x = 2x
) x2 + x ,
)
98
. )
.
6.
: 1 = EAE + =
T
.
1.3

H O
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
: ) )
2 x : ) )
)
) (x) + B(x) 3 .
) 1 2
( )
1.
2.
3.
99
4.
5.
6.
(x)-B(x)= 2x3-x2+x-4-(-3x3+5x-2)=2x3-x2+x-4+3x3-5x+2= 5x3-x2-4x-2

(x)+(x)=2x3-x2+x-4+4x2-3x+8=2x3+3x2-2x+4
) (x)-[A(x)+(x)]= 4x2-3x+8-[2x3-x2+x-4+(-3x3+5x-2)]=
= 4x2-3x+8-(2x3-x2+x-4-3x3+5x-2)= 4x2-3x+8-2x3+x2-x+4+3x3-5x+2 =
x3+5x2-9x+14
7.
) ( -7x2 - 4x + 3) + (x2 - 4x + 3) = -6x2 - 8x + 7

) (-x3 + 5x + 8) - (-2x3 + x2 - 1) = x3 - x2 + 5x + 9
2x2 + 2x - 3
9x2 - 3x + 2
4x2 + 4x - 5
8.
100
7x2 + 3x - 4
3x2 + x - 1
5x2 - x - 1
6x2 - 2x + 1
3x2 + 5x -7
6x2
(x)= (-5x2 + 4x - 3) - (x2 - 2x + 1) + (3x2 + x) =

-5x2 + 4x - 3 -x2 + 2x -1 + 3x2 + x = -3x2 +7x - 4 Q(x) = x2 + x + .
:
= -3, = 7 = -4
9.
O = 2m/
sec2 10 sec .
: = 2t.
:
t = 5 : 52 + 20 5 = 125m.
1.4

H O
1.

7 1

3 6
2.
3.
) x(2x + 4) = 2x2 + 4x, ) 3x2(x - 2) = 3x3 - 6x2

) (x + 5)(2x + 3) = 2x2 + 3x + 10x + 15
) (x2 + )(x - 2) = x3 - x22 + + x - 3
4.
i) ) ii) )
5.
) )

1.
) -3x2(-5x + 2) = 15x3 - 6x22, ) 4x(2x2 - x + 2) - 8x = 8x3 - 4x2 + 8x

- 8x = 8x3 - 4x2.
) 5x(2x - 3) - 3x(2 - 3x) = -10x2 + 15x - 6x + 9x2 = -x2 + 9x,
) 2x(x2 - 32) - 4x(x2 - 23) = 2x3 - 6x3 - 4x3 + 8x3 =-2x3 + 2x3.
2.
) (2 - 3)(-4 + 2) = -82 + 4 + 12 - 62 = -82 + 16 - 62

) (x2 - 2x + 4)(x + 2) -8 = x3 + 2x2 - 2x2 - 4x + 4x + 8 - 8 = x3,
) 3x2(-2x + 3)(5 - x) = (-6x3 + 9x2)(5 - x) = -30x3 + 6x4 + 45x2 - 9x3 =
6x4 - 39x3 + 45x2, ) (4 - 3x)(5 - 2x) -6x(x - 4) = 20 - 8x - 15x + 6x2 -6x2 + 24x
= x + 20, ) (2x2 - 3x - 4)(-3x2 + x) = -6x4 + 2x3 + 9x3 - 3x2 + 12x2- 4x =
-6x4 + 11x3 + 9x2 - 4x, ) (3x2 - 2x - 52)(4 - x) =
12x2 - 3x3 - 8x2 + 2x2 - 203 + 52x = -3x3 + 14x2 - 3x2 - 203
3.
) (3x - 2)(x2 - x)(4x - 3) = (3x3 - 3x2 - 2x2 + 2x)(4x - 3)=(3x3- 5x2+ 2x) (4x - 3)
= 12x4 - 9x3 - 20x3 + 15x2 + 8x2 - 6x = 12x4 - 29x3 + 23x2 - 6x,
) 2x(x2 - x + 1)(x - 2) - (x - 1)(2x - 3)(x + 2) =
(-2x3 + 2x2 - 2x)(x - 2) -(2x2 - 3x - 2x + 3)(x + 2) =
101
-2x4 + 4x3 + 2x3 - 4x2 - 2x2 + 4x - (2x2 -5x + 3) (x + 2) =

-2x4 + 6x3 - 6x2 + 4x - (2x3 + 4x2 - 5x2 - 10x + 3x + 6) =
-2x4 + 6x3 - 6x2 + 4x - 2x3 - 4x2 + 5x2 + 10x -3x -6 = -2x4 + 4x3 -5x2 + 11x-6
) (-2x + )(x2 - 3x) - (3x - )(4x + )(-2x - 3) =

-2x3 + 6x2 + x2-3x2 - (12x2 + 3x - 4x - 2)(-2x -3) =
-2x3 + 7x2 - 3x2 - (12x2 -x -2)(-2x - 3) =
-2x3 + 7x2 - 3x2 + 24x3 + 36x2 - 2x2 - 3x2 - 22x -33 =
22x3 + 41x2 - 8x2 - 33
4.
) (x2 - 4x + 4)(x2 + 4x + 4) - x2(x2 - 8) - 16 =

x4 + 4x3 + 4x2 - 4x3 -16x2 - 16x + 4x2 + 16x + 16 - x4 + 8x2 - 16 = 0
) (3 + 8)( - )-( + 2)( - 3) =
3 - 32 + 82 - 8 - + 32 -22 + 6 = 62
5.
) (x) Q(x) = (-2x2 + 5x - 3)(4x - 5) = -8x3 + 10x2 + 20x2 - 25x - 2x + 15

= -8x3 + 30x2 - 37x + 15
) (x) [-3Q(x) + 11x - 12] = (-2x2 + 5x - 3) [-3(4x - 4) + 11x - 5] = (-2x2
+ 5x - 3) (-12x + 12 + 11x - 5) = (-2x2 + 5x - 3)(-x + 7) = 2x3 - 14x2
- 5x2 + 35x + 3x - 21 = 2x3 - 19x2 + 38x - 21
) [(x) -2] [Q(x) + 3] = (-2x2 + 5x - 3 - 2)(4x - 5 + 3) =
(-2x2 + 5x -5)(4x - 2) = -8x3 + 4x2 + 20x -10x -20x + 10 =
-8x3 + 4x2 -10x +10
102
6.
E (x) = 3x(-2x + 4)(x - 1) = (-6x2 + 12x)(x - 1)= -6x3 + 6x2 + 12x2-12x

= -6x3 + 18x2 - 12x.
Q(x) = x3 + x2 + x + : = -6, = 18, = -12, = 0
7.
: x 2x + x 2x + ( + 2x)( - 2x) =
2x2 + 2x2 + 2 -2x + 2x - 4x2 = 2.
.
8.
= x(x + 5) = x2 + 5x. T :
x + 5 - 3 = x + 2 x -1.
1 = (x + 2) (x-1) = x2 -x + 2x -2 = x2 + x - 2
: x2 + 5x - (x2 + x - 2) = x2 + 5x - x2 -x + 2
= 4x + 2 ..
1.5
H O
1.
) ) ) ) )
2.
i)
)
ii)
)
iii)
3.
)
4.
i)
)
ii)
)
5.
)
6.
i)
)
ii)
)
iii)
)
iv
)
v
)
7.

1.
) (x + 2)2 = x2 + 4x + 4, )( + 5)2 = 2 + 10 + 25, ) (2 + 1)2 =

(2)2 + 2 2 1 + 12 = 42 + 4 + 1, )( + 2)2 = 2 + 2 2 + (2)2
= 2 + 4 + 42, ) (3 + 2)2 = (3)2 + 2 3 2 + (2)2 = 92 + 12 + 42
) (x2 + 1)2 = (x2)2 + 2x2 + 1 = x4 + 2x2 + 1.
)
103
2.
) (x-3)2 = x2 -2 3x + 32 = x2 - 6x + 9, ) ( -5)2 = 2 - 2 5 + 52 =
2 -10 + 25 ) (3 - 1)2 = (3)2 - 2 3 1 + 12 = 92 - 6 + 1,
) (2 - )2 = (2)2 -2 2 + 2 = 42 - 4 + 2,
) (3 - 2)2 = (3)2-2 3 2 + (2)2 = 92 - 12 + 42,
) (x2 - 2)2 = (x2)2 -2 x2 2+ 22 = x4 - 4x2 + 4, ) (2 -)2 =
(2)2 -22 + 2 = 4 - 23 + 2,
) (2x2 - 5x)2 = (2x2)2 - 2 2x2 5x + (5x)2 = 4x4 -20x3 + 25x2,
3.
104
4.
) (x + 3)2 = x2 + 6x + 9 ) (- 4)2 = 2 - 8 + 16
) (4x -)2 = 16x2 - 8x + 2 ) (x2 - 2)2 = x4 - 4x2 + 42
5.
) (x +1)3 = x3 + 3x2 1+ 3x 12 + 13 = x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 1,

) ( + 4)3 =3 + 32 4 +3 42 + 43 = 3 + 122 + 48 + 64,
) (2 +1)3 = (2)3 + 3 (2)2 1 + 3 2 12 +13 = 83 + 3 42 + 6 + 1
= 83 + 122 + 6 + 1, ) (3 + 2)3 =(3 )3 + 3 (3)2 2 + 3 3(2)2 + (2)3
= 273 +3 92 2 + 9 42 + 83 = 273 + 542 + 362 + 83,
) (x2 + 3)3 = (x2)3 + 3 (x2)2 3 + 3 x2 3 + 33 = x6 + 9x4 + 9x2 + 27,
) (2 + )3 = (2)3 + 3(2)2 + 322 + 3 = 6 + 34 + 34 + 3 =
6 + 35 + 34 + 3 ) (x -2)3 = x3 -3x2 2 + 3x 22 + 23 = x3 - 6x2 + 12x +8
) ( -5)3 = 3 -3 2 5 + 3 52 - 53 = 3 - 152 + 75 - 125
) (3 -1)3 = (3)3 -3(3)2 + 3 3 12 - 13 = 273 -3 92 + 9 -1 =
273 - 272 + 9 -1 i) (2x -3)3 = (2x)3 - 3(2x)23 + 3 2x(3)2 - (3)3 =
8x3 -3 4x2 3 + 6x 92 - 273 = 8x3 - 36x2 + 54x2 - 273 i) (2 - 2)3
= (2)3 - 3(2)2 2 + 32 22 - 23 = 6 - 64 + 122 - 8 i) (2 - 2)3 =
(2)3 -3(2)2 2 + 32(2)2 - (2)3 = 6 - 45 + 3242 - 83 =
6 - 45 + 124 - 83
6.
) (x -1)(x +1) = x2 -1, ) ( -2)( +2) = 2 - 22 = 2 - 4, ) (3 -)(3 +) =

=32 - 2 = 9 - 2, ) (x + 4)(4 - x) = (4 + x)(4 - x) = 42 - x2 = 16 - x2
) (x - )(-x -) = -(x - )(x + ) = -(x2 - 2) ) (2x + 7)(2x - 7) =
(2x)2 - (7)2 = 4x2 - 492
7.
(x) = (x - 3)2 + (3x + 1)2 - 10(x - 1)(x + 1) =

x2 - 2 3x + 32 + (3x)2 + 2 3x 1 + 12 - 10(x2 -12) =
x2 - 6x + 9 + 9x2 + 6x + 1 - 10x2 + 10 = 20
8.
) ( - )( + )(2 + 2)(4 + 4) = (2 - 2)(2 + 2)(4 + 4) =

(4 -4) (4 + 4) = 8 - 8
) 9 11 101 10001= (10 - 1)(10 + 1)(102 + 12)(104 + 14) =
108-18 = 100000000-1
9.
10. ) (x - 3)(x2 + 3x + 9) = x3 - 33 = x3 - 27 ) ( + 2)(2 - 2 + 4) = 3 + 23 =

3 + 8 ) (2 + 1)(42 - 2 + 1) = (2)3 + 13 = 83 + 1,
) (1 - )(1 + + 2) = 13 - 3 = 1 - 3
11. ) (x - 4)2 + (2x + 5)2 = x2 - 2 4 x + 42 + (2x)2 + 2 2x 5 + 52 =
x2 -8x + 16 + 4x2 + 20x + 25= 5x2 + 12x + 41, ) (x2 -1)2 - (x2 - 3)(x2 + 3)
= x4 - 2x2 + 1- (x4 - 9) = x4 - 2x2 + 1 - x4 + 9 = -2x2 + 10
) (x + )2 -(x - 2)(x + 2) + (2x - )2 = x2 + 2x + 2 - [x2-(2)2] + (2x)
2 - 2 2x +2 = x2 + 2x + 2 -x2 + 42 + 4x2 - 4x + 2 = 4x2 - 2x + 52.
) (3x - 4)2 + (3x + 4)2 -2(3x - 4)(3x + 4) =
(3x)2 -2 3x 4 + 42 + (3x)2 + 2 3x 4 + 42 - 2[(3x)2 - 42] =
9x2 - 24x + 16 + 9x2 + 24x + 16 -2 (9x2 - 16) = 18x2 + 32 - 18x2 - 32 = 64
) (2+1)3 + (2 -1)3 = (2)3+ 3(2)2 1+ 32 12 +13+(2)3 -3(2)21+3 2 12 - 13
= 83 + 122 + 6 + 1 + 83 - 122 + 6 - 1 = 163 + 12
) (+2)3- (+2)(2-2+4) = 3+32 2+ 322+23- (3+23)=
3 + 62 + 12 + 8 3 - 8 = 62+12
) (2+)3 -(2 - )3 =(2)3+ 3(2)2 + 322 2 + 3 -[(2)3 -3(2)2 +32 2-3]=
6 +35 + 34 +3 - 6 +35 - 34 +3 = 65 +23 ) (4 - 1)3 -(8 + 1)(8 - 1)=
(4)3 - 3 (4)2 1 + 3 4 1 + 13 - [(8)2 - 1] =
643 -3 162 + 12 + 1 - (642- 1)= 643- 482+ 12 +1- 643 + =-482 +13+1
105
1 12.
) (x-2)2-(2x-)2+3x2=x2-2x2+(2)2-[(2x)2-22x+2] +3x2=
=x2-4x+42-(4x2-4x+2)+3x2=x2-4x+42-4x2+4x-2+3x2=32
) (-3)2+(3+2)(3-2)-(3-)2=2-23+(3)2+(3)2-(2)2-[(3)223+2]= 2-6+92+92 42-(92-6+2)=2-6+92+92 42-92
+6-2= 2+42
) (x-1)(x+1)3-2x(x-1)(x+1)=(x-1)(x3+3x2+3x+1)-2x(x2-1)=
=x4+3x3+3x2+x-x3-3x2-3x-1-2x3+2x=x4-1
) (2+2)2-(2)2=(2)2+222+(2)2-422=4-222+4
) (-4)2+(2-3)2=2-24+42+ (2)2-223+32=2-8+16+42-12+9=
=52-20+25.
) (2x2+2x)2+(2x+1)2=(2x2)2+22x2 2x+(2x)2+(2x)2+22x1+1=
4 x4+8x3+4x2+4x 2+4x+1= 4x4+8x3+8x2 +4x+1
13. ) x=(3+ 5 )(3- 5 ) = 32- ( 5 ) 2=9-5=4 , ) x2-2 =(x-)(x+)=

=(3+ 5 -3+ 5 )( 3+ 5 +3- 5 )=2 5 6=12 5 ) x2+2 =
=(x+)2-2x=(3+ 5 +3- 5 )2-24=62-8=36-8=28.
) x3+3 =(x+)(x2+2-x)=( 3+ 5 +3- 5 )(28-4)=624=144.
14.
5
5
5 5
5 5
) (+ )2-(- )2=2+2 + ( ) 2 -[ 2-2 + ( ) 2 ]=

25
25
2+10+ 2 - 2+10- 2 = 20.
) =2005
5 2
5 2
(2005+
) -(2005) = 20
2005
2005
15. T 2=2+22=(4x+1)2+(3x+2)2
B2= (4x)2+24x+1+(3x)2+23x2+22 B2=16x2+8x+1+9x2+12x+4
B2 = 25x2+20x+5. A : B2=2+2.
2+2=12+(5x+2)2=1+(5x)2+25x2+22=1+25x2+20x+4=25x2+20x+5=2
106
16. , :
(+)2=2+2+2, (-)2=2-2+2 :
( + ) 2 ( ) 2
= 4 .
( + ) 2 ( ) 2 2 + 2 + 2 ( 2 2 + 2 )
4
=
=
=4
2 + 2 ( ) 2 2 + 2 ( 2 2 + 2 ) 2 + 2 2 + 2 2
=
=
=
2
2
2
2
=
= .
2
2 + 2 ( ) 2
1 2 + 2 ( ) 2
1
=
) )
= . = =
2
2
2
2
1 10 2 2 2 96
= = 24 cm2
=
2
2
4
17. )
18. To : +, -, (+)(-)=2-2
To 2-2. .
1.6
.
H O
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
107
1 10.
11.

1.
2.
3.
4.
108
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
) 2x2-32=2(x2-16)=2(x2-42)=2(x-4)(x+4),) 28-72 =7(4-2)=7(2-)(2+)

)2x3-2x=2x(x2-1)=2x(x-1)(x+1), ) 5x2-80 = 5(x2-16)=5(x-4)(x+4)
) 2(x-1)2-8=2[(x-1)2-4]=2[(x-1)-2][(x-1)+2]=2(x-1-2)(x-1+2)=2(x-3)(x+1)
10. 2=2-22 = (-)(+). ) 2=(53-28)(53+28)2=2581=59

=45 , ) 2=(0,37-0,12)(0,37+0,12)2=0,250,49=0,50,7=0,35,
) 2=(26-10)(26+10)2=16362=16362=46=24.
11. ) x2-49=0 x2-72=0 (x-7)(x+7)=0 x-7=0 x+7=0 x=7 x=-7
) 9x3-4x=0 x(9x2-4)=0 x[(3x)2-2]=0 x(3x-2)(3x+2)=0
2
2
x=0 3x-2=0 3x+2=0 x=0 x= x= - .
3
3
2
2
2 2
) x(x+1) =4x x(x+1) -4x=0 x[(x+1) -2 ]=0 x(x+1-2)(x+1+2)=0
x(x-1)(x+3)=0 x=0 x-1=0 x+3=0 x=0 x=1 x= -3
)(x+2)3=x+2 (x+2)3-(x+2)=0 (x+2)[(x+2)2-1]=0 (x+2)(x+2-1)(x+2+1)=0
(x+2)(x+1)(x+3)=0 x+2=0 x+1=0 x+3=0 x=-2 x=-1 x=-3
109
1 12.
) x3-27= x3-33=(x-3)(x2+3x+32)=(x-3)(x2+3x+9)
) 3+8=3+23=(+2)(2-2+22)=(+2)(2-2+4)
) 3+64=3+43=(+4)(2-4+4 2) =(+4)(2-4+16)
=(2x-1)(4x2+2x+1) ,
) 8x3-1=(2x)3-13=(2x-1)[(2x)2+2x1+12]=
2
) 273+1=(3)3+13=(3+1)[(3)2-31+12]= (3+1)(9 -3+1).
13.
) 3 x3-24=3(x3-23)=3(x-2)(x2+2x+22)=3(x-2)(x2+2x+4)
2
) 164+2=2(83+1)=2[(2)3+1]=2(2+1)(4 - 2+1)
4
4
4
4
) R3- 3= (R3-3)= (R-)(R2+R+2)
3
3
3
3
4
4
3
3
) + =( + )=(+)(2- +2)
14.
) (x3-27)=(x-3)(x2+3x+9) ) 8x3+3 =(2x+)(4x2-2x+2)

) 3-83=(-2)(2+2+42) ) 3+1253 =(+5)(2-5+252)
15.
) x2-2x+1=(x-1)2, ) 2+4+4=(+2)2, ) 2-6+9=(-3)2,

) 2+10+25=(+5)2, ) 1-4+42 =(1-2)2, ) 9x4+6x2+1=(3x+1)2
) 42-12+9 = (2-3)2, ) 16x2+8x+2 =(4x+)2, ) 252-10+2=
2
= (5-)2, i) (+)2-2(+)+1=(+-1)2, i)
2 + 9 = ( 3) 2 ,
9
3
1
1 2
2
i) x +x+ =(x+ )
4
2
16.
) 3x2+24x+48=3(x2+8x+16)=3(x+4)2, ) -2+4-4 =-(2-4+4)=-(-2)2

) 22-8+82 = 2(2-4+42)=2(-2)2, ) 43+122+9=(42+12+9)=
(2+3)2
17.
) =xx+2x+=x2+2x+2
) 2=x2+2x+2
2=(x+)2 =x+.
18.
1
1
1
1
+ = (+)= (x+1)(x+x+2)=
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
= (x+1)(2x+2)= 2(x+1)(x+1)=(x+1) . A
2
2
2=(x+1)2 = x+1.
= + =
110
19. ) x2+3x+2=(x+1)(x+2), ) 2-4+3=(-1)(-3),

) (2+5+6)=(+2)(+3)
)2+6+5 =(+5)(+1) ) x2-7x+12=(x-3)(x-4) ) 2--12=(+3)(-4)
) 2-9+18=(-6)(-3) ) 2+3-10 =(+5)(-2)
2
2
20. ) x +(2+ 3 )x+2 3 =(x+2)(x+ 3 ) ) x +(2+3)x+6=(x+2)(x+3)
) x2+(3- 2 )x-3 2 =(x+3)(x- 2 )
21. ) 22+10+8=2(2+5+4)=2(+1)(+4) )32-12-15 = 3(2-4-5)=

3(+1)(-5) ) x2-7x+6= (x2-7x+6)=(x-1)(x-6) .
22. ) 14531821-1453821=1453(1821-821)=14531000=1453000
)8012+199801 = 801(801+199)=8011000=801000
) 9982-4=9982-22=(998-2)(998+2)=9961000=996000
) 9991001+1=(1000-1)(1000+1)+1=10002-12+1=1000000-1+1=1000000
) 9992+2999+1=(999+1)2=10002=1000000
) 972+697+9=(97+3)2=1002=10000
23. ) x22-42-x2+4 =2(x2-4)-(x2-4)=(x2-4)(2-1)=(x-2)(x+2)(-1)(+1).
) x4-1+x3-x= (x2)2-1+x(x2-1)=(x2-1)(x2+1)+x(x2-1)=(x2-1)(x2+x+1)=
(x-1)(x+1)(x2+x+1).
) x3(x2-1)+1-x2 =x3(x2-1)-(x2-1)=(x2-1)(x3-1)=(x-1)(x+1)(x-1)(x2+x+1)
) (x2+9)2-36x2=(x2+9)2-(6x)2=(x2+9-6x)(x2+9+6x)=(x-3)2(x+3)2
) 2-2+2-+=(-)2-(-) = (-)(--1)
) x2-2x+2-2=(x-)2-2 =(x--)(x-+)
) 1-2+2-2=1-(2-2+2)=12-(-)2=(1-+)(1+-)
) 2-x2-10+25=2-10+25-x2=(-5)2-x2=(-5-x)(-5+x)
) 2(x-1)(x2-4)-5(x-1)(x-2)2=2(x-1)(x-2)(x+2)-5(x-1)(x-2)2=
(x-1)(x-2)[2(x+2)-5(x-2)] = (x-1)(x-2)(2x+4-5x+10)=(x-1)(x-2)(-3x+14)
i)(2-4)2-(+2)2=(2-4--2)(2-4++2)=(2--6)(2+-2)=
(+2)(-3)( -1)(+2)
i) (2+2-2)2-422=(2+2-2)2-(2)2=(2+2-2-2)(2+2-2+2)=
=[(-)2-2][(+)2-2]=(--)(-+)(+-)(++)
i) (x2+9)(2+4)-(x+6)2=x22+4x2+92+36-2x2-12x-36=4x2+92-12x=
(2x-3)2
24. =x-x-2+2=x(-1)-2(-1)=(-1)(x-2). x
.
111
1.7 .
H O
1.
i)
ii)
iii)
2.

8
7
9

3
5
6

5
2
3
3.
)

1.
)
2x3+x2-3x+6
-2x3-4x2
x+2
2x2-3x+3
-3x2-3x+6
x2+6x
3x+6
-3x-6
0
2x3 + x2 - 3x + 6 = (x + 2)(2x2 -3x + 3)

)
6x3 - x2-10x+5
-6x3- 2x2
2
112
-3x -10x+5
3x2+x
-9x+5
9x+3
8
3x+1
2x2-x-3
6x3 - x2 - 10x + 5 = (3x + 1)(2x2 - x -3) + 8
)
6x4 -x2+2x-7
-6x4+6x3
x-1
6x3+6x2+5x+7
6 x3 x2+2x-7
-6 x3+6x2
5x2+2x-7
-5x2+5x
7x-7
-7x+7
0
6x4 - x2 + 2x - 7 = (x -1)(6x3 + 6x2 + 5x + 7)

)
4x3+ 5x-8
-4x3+2x2
2x2+5x-8
-2x2+x
6x- 8
-6x +3
-5
2x-1
2x2+x+3
4x3 + 5x - 8 = (2x - 1)(2x2 + x + 3) -5

)
x5-x4+ 3x2+2
-x5+x4-2x3
3
x2-x+2
x3-2x+1
-2x +3x +2
2x3-2x2+4x
x2+4x+2
-x2+x-2
5x
x5 - x4 + 3x2 + 2 = (x2 - x + 2)(x3 - 2x + 1) + 5x
113
)
9x4- x2+2x-1 -3x2-x+1
-9x4+3x3-3x2
3x2+x-1
3
2
3x - 4x +2x-1
-3x3+x2-x
-3x2+x-1
3x2-x+1
0
9x4 - x2 + 2x - 1 = (3x2 - x + 1)(3x2 + x - 1)

)
8x4- 6x2-9
-8x4+12x2
6x2-9
-6x2+9
0
2x2-3
4x2+3
8x4 - 6x2 - 9 = (2x2 - 3)(4x2 + 3)

)
3x5-2x3-4
-3x5+x3
-x3-4
1
x3 - x
3
1
- x4
3
3x2-1
1
x3- x
3
3x5 - 2x3 - 4 = (3x2 - 1)(x3 - 1 )- 1 x - 4
3 3
114
2.
2x3+10x2+2x+20
-2x3-6x2
6x +22x+12
-6x2-4x
18x+12
-18x-12
3x+2
4x2+2x+20
-4x2-12x
-10x+20
10x+30
50
2x+6
x+3
2x2+4x-10
3.
A (x) :
(x) = (x2 - x + 1) (2x + 3) + 3x + 2 =
2x3 + 3x2 - 2x2 - 3x + 2x + 3 + 3x + 2 = 2x3 + x2 + 2x + 5
4.
Q(x): (x) = 0
)
6x3-7x2+9x-18
-6x3+9x2
2
2x-3
3x2+x+6
2x +9x-18
-2x2+3x
12x-18
-12x+18
0
)
x4+4x3+6x2+4x+1
-x4-x3
3
x+1
x3+3x2+3x+1
3x +6x +4x+1
-3x3-3x2
3x2+4x+1
-3x2-3x
x+1
-x-1
0
5.
) :
2x4-x2+5x-3 x2+x+1
-2x4-2x 3+2x 2 2x2-2x+3
-2x3+x2+5x-3
2x3+2x2-2x
3x2+ 3x-3
-3x2- 3x+3
0
115
) E :
x4 - 2x3 - 8x2 + 18x - 9 = (x2 - 9)(x2 - 2x + 1) = (x - 3)(x + 3)(x - 1)2
6.
) (x4 - 2x3 - 8x2 + 18x - 9) : (x + 1)

x4+4x3+6x2+4x+1
-x4-x3
3
x+1
x3+3x2+3x+1
3x +6x +4x+1
-3x3-3x2
3x2+4x+1
-3x2-3x
x+1
-x-1
0
E o x + 1
) x4 + 4x3 + 6x2 + 4x + 1 = (x + 1)(x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 1) =
(x + 1) [(x3 + 1) + 3x (x + 1)] = (x + 1)[(x + 1)(x2 -x + 1)+3x(x + 1)] =
(x + 1)(x + 1)(x2 -x + 1+ 2x) = (x + 1)(x + 1)3(x + 1)4
7.
3 + 3 = ( + )(2 - + 2).
2 - + 2.
8.
) : (x) = 4x2 - 6x + 7.
) 4x2 - 6x + 7 2
. :
4x2 - 6x + 7 = 4x2 -20 + 20 - 6x + 7 = 4(x2 5)-6x + 27.
(x) = (x3 + 2)(x2 - 5) + 4(x2 - 5)- 6x+27 = (x2 - 5)(x3 + 2 + 4) -6x+27 =

(x2 - 5)(x3 + 6) -6x+27.
(x) = -6x+27
116
9.
1
3
6x +
-6x3+6x2
2
x-1
6x2+6x+6
6x +
-6x2+6x
6x+
-6x+6
+6
+ 6 = 0 = -6
10. (x - 1)2 = x2 - 2x + 1.
(2x3 - x2 - 4x + 3) : (x2 -2x + 1)
2x3-x2-4x+3
-2x3+4x2-2x
x2-2x+1
2x+3
3x2-6x+3
-3x2+6x-3
0
2x + 3
11. To x2 ,
x 2. E
5x+4,
45x2 + 56x + 162 : (5x+4) 9x+4
. 45x2 + 56x + 16.
117
1.8 E.K..
H O
1.
2.
4x3
12x3
4x3(x - 1)
8x5
6x2
x2(x - 1)
8x5
3.
2
4.
118
2x(x - 1)
6x2(x - 1)
2x2(x - 1)
8x5(x - 1)
9(x - 1)2
18x2(x - 1)2
9x2(x - 1)2
72x5(x - 1)2

1.
) ... 72x334 ) ... 30x232 ) ... 24x23(x - )(x + )2

... 6x22
... 5
... x(x + )
2.
) ... 12(x + )(x - )3 ) ( - 1)( - 2), ( - 2 )( + 2), ( - 2)( + 2)

... 2(x-)
... (-1)(-2)(+2) , ... (-2)
2
) ( - 1), ( - 1)( - 1)( + 1), ( - 1)2
... 2( - 1)2( + 1), ... ( - 1)
1.9 .
H O
1.
)
6
)
3
)
4
)
1
)
5
2.
)
, ) x + 1, ) x, ) 2( + ), ) (x + 2)2
+
3.
) x - 2, )
4.
x 0.

1.
) x 4, ) 5 , ) -1, ) x 0 x 3.
2
2.
5a 2 3 2
2 x 2
3 2
4x 2
=
, )
=
,
= , )
= , )
2
6x 3
12 4
8x 4 x
10 2 2
x+4
1
2
( ) ( )
1
)
=1, )
=-1, )
=
, )
=1
2
4+ x
2
1
( ) ( )
(2 )
119
3.
3 9
3( 3)
3
6x
6x
3
, ) 2
,
=
=
=
=
9 ( 3) ( + 3) + 3
2 x + 4 x 2 x( x + 2) x + 2
5 2 2 0 5( 2 4) 5( 2) ( + 2) 5( + 2)
x 2 + x
x( x + ) x
,
=
=
=
=
= , )
2
2
( 2) 2
( 2) 2
( 2) 2
+ x ( + x)
( 1) ( + 1) 1
2 1
x 2 1 6 ( x 4) (x + 4) x + 4
,
)
=
=
=
=
2
2
+1
x( x 4)
x
( + 1) 2
+ 2 + 1
x 4x
6 x 2 + 3 x
2 + + 2
2 + + 2
3 x(2 x + )
3x
=
, )
=
=
2
2
3
3
(2 x ) (2 x + ) 2 x
4x

( ) ( 2 + + 2 )
4.
2 5 + 4
x 2 + 3 x + 2 ( x + 1) (x + 2) x + 1
=
,
)
=
=
x+2
2 6 + 8
( x + 2) 2
x2 + 4 x + 4
3 2 2 + ( 2 2 + 1)
( 1) ( 4) 1
, )
=
=
=
( 2) ( 4) 2
3
( 2 1)
( 1) 2
1
.
=
( 1) ( + 1) + 1
5.
( 3) + 2 9
) x( x 1) + 4( x 1) ( x 1) (x + 4) x + 4
, )
=
=
=
2
( x 1) (x + 3) x + 3
4 2 9
x + 2x 3
( 3) + ( 3) ( + 3) ( 3) ( + + 3) 3
=
=
=
(2 3) (2 + 3)
(2 3) ( 2 + 3)
2 3
2
2
(2 + 1 2) (2 + 1 + + 2)
( 1) (3 + 3)
) (2 + 1) ( + 2)
=
=
=
4
2
2
1
( 1) ( + 1)
( 1) ( + 1) (2 + 1)
( + 1) ( 2) 2 4( + 1)
3( 1) ( + 1)
3
,
)
=
=
3 + 2
( 1) ( + 1) (2 + 1) 2 + 1
( + 1) [ ( 2) 2 4] ( 2 2) ( 2 + 2) ( 4) a 4
=
=
.
=
a
2
2
2 ( + 1)
6.
: AB = 5 t. H
=
120
1 2
5t + 2t 2 5t 2t 2 5
4t = 2t2. :
= + t m/sec
= +
2
2t
2t 2t
2
1.10
H O
1.
)
) 2x, ) x, ) 4x, )
2.
x+2
x 1
, )
, )
x 1
x+2

1.
2 3 6
4x
1 x
1
9x 1
3
2 1
,
)
12x
=
,
)
2 =
,
)
=
2
2
9x 3
4 3 x 4
x
3 4
x
3
6
4
3
3
) (-52)
=, ) ()(- 2 )=
10
2
2.
1
6
x 4 x2
1
3
1
, ) 2 : (- ) = 2 ( )= ) 8x : =8x =
,
3
x
6
3

3
2 1
1
x3
x3
x2
4 2
2
2
)=
)
:
3
)
:
(
)
=
)
(,
=
2
2
3 3 2
3 3
x2
3
4 2
= 2x.
) (-
3.
2x + 6 4x
2( x + 3) 4 x 8
5 2 + (5 ) ( + 2)
= , )
= 2
=
= 1 ,
2
x
x+3
( + 2) (5 )
+ 2 5
x
x ( x + 3)
2 4
+3
x x 3 2
x
( x ) x 3 2
=
=
,
)
2
=
2 3
2
2
2 3
2
x x
x ( x ) (x + ) ( x + )
+ 6 + 2
x 2 + x x 2 + 5 x + 6 x( x + 1) (x + 2) (x + 3)
( 2) ( + 2) ( + 3)
1
=
=
= , ) 2
( 2) ( + 3) ( + 2)
( x 2) (x + 2) x( x + 3)
x 4
x2 + 3x
4 2 9
2 + 3
(2 3) (2 + 3) ( + 3) + 3
x +1
=
, )
=
=
2
2
x2
2 + 3
4 12 + 9 2 + 3
(2 3) 2 (2 + 3)
121
4.
x+4 x+4 x+4 1 5

3( x + 4)
2 1 1 2
=
=
:
=
= 3 , )
:
x+4
x+4
5
15
5
+1 1+
+2
2 1 1 +
(1 2 ) 1 +
=
) : ( + 2 )=
= 1 , ) (
+ 1 1 2
+1 1 2
=(-
+ 1 ( + 1) 2 + 1
+2
1
1
1
=
:
=
)
= , )
2
2
2
+2
( + 1)
( + 1)
x +
x 2 + x
x +
x
1
= 2
:
=
2
x
x( x ) x( x + ) x
x x
x2 4
x2
( x 2) (x + 2)
x2 2 x + 4
:
=
=1
x2
x3 + 8 x 2 2 x + 4 ( x + 2) (x 2 2 x + 4)
)
5.
x 2 4 x + 4 8x 8
x 2 4( x + 1) x + 2
x2
=
):
=
x +1 x + 2
x+2
x + 1 x + 2 8( x 1) 2( x 1)
x + 2 2x + 6 x + 2
x + 2 2( x + 3) x + 2
x + 2 2( x + 2)
)
]=
:
:(
)=
:[
=
x 1
x 1 x + 3
x 1
x 1) x + 3
x 1
x 1
x + 2 2x + 6 x + 2 x + 2 x 1 x + 2
x + 2 x 1
1
=(
=
)
)
:
= , ) (
x 1 2x + 6 x + 3
x 1 x 1 x + 3
x 1 2( x + 2) 2
) (
x + 2 x + 2 ( x + 2) 2
=
2( x + 3) x + 3 2( x + 3) 2
B.
1.
)
122
2.
) :
3.
x+3
x +1
x
6
6
x
1
8
, )
, )
, )
, ) )
x+6
x+6
x +1
x+2
x
x

1.
3
2
3x
2( x + 1) 3 x 2( x + 1)
1 1
x +x
) + =
=
=
+
=
, )
=
x + 1 x x( x + 1) x( x + 1)
x( x + 1)
x
x x
x
1
1
2
1
1 1
3x 2 x 2
x2
, ) 2 = 2 2 = 2 , ) 2 2
=
=
=

x( x + 1)
x( x + 1)
+1
2 +1
2 2
2 + 1 2 2
1 2
,
=
=
2 ( 2 + 1) 2 ( 2 + 1)
2 (1 + 2 )
2 (1 + 2 )
2.
2x
3
2x
3
x
3
x3
=
= 1.
2 x 6 x 3 2( x 3) x 3 x 3 x 3 x 3
4
4
6
6
6 4 3( + 2) 3
) 2
= ,
=
=
( + 2) ( + 2)
+ 2 + 2 ( + 2) ( + 2)
3 + 6
4
3
2
3( + 2)
4
=
=
) 2
4 2 4 ( 2) ( + 2) 2( 2) 2 2
1
x
1
1
x
=
, )
=
+
+
=
2
2 x + 1 2 3 6 x
2
2( x + 6) (6 x) (6 + x)
6x
2x
6+ x
1
=
+
=
=
2( x + 6) (6 x) 2(6 x) (6 + x) 2( x + 6) (6 x) 2(6 x)
9x
3
9x
3
9
3
6
+
=
+
=
=
x 2 x 2 x x( x ) ( x) x x x
+7
+7
2 2
3
3( + 3)
=
=
+
1
(
+
1
)
(
+
3
)
(
+
1
)
(
+
3
)
(
+ 1) ( + 3)
+ 4 + 3
2( + 1)
2
=
.
=
( + 1) ( + 3) + 3
3.
1
1 x2 1
2+
2
x
1
(
x
1
)
(
x
+
1
)
x= x =
=
= x 1 , )
)
=
1
x +1
1
x +1
x +1
1+

x
x
2
2 + 1
1
+1+
( 1) 2
2 2 +1
1
=
=
=
=
=
, )
1
( 1) ( + 1) + 1
2 1
2 1
1 3
2 + +1
3 ( 2 + + 1)
3 ( 2 + + 1)
2
.
=
=
=
=
3 1
( 3 1)
( 1) ( 2 + + 1) 1
3
123

1 1

= 2
=
= 2
)
=
2
2

( ) ( + ) +

4.
4
8
4
8
x2
x2
+
2
=
+
=
x
x 2 x 2x
x
x 2 x( x 2)
( x 2) 2 + 4 x 8 x 2 4 x + 4 + 4 x 8
x2 4
( x 2) (x + 2) x + 2
.
=
=
=
=
=
x( x 2)
x( x 2)
x( x 2)
x( x 2)
x
3
2
2x + 1 6
3
2
2x + 1 6
=
+
=
+
x + 2 x 2 x 2 4 2 x + 2 x 2 ( x 2 ) (x + 2 )
3( x 2 ) 2( x + 2 ) + 2 x + 16 3x 6 2 x 4 + 2 x + 1 6
3x + 6
=
=
=
( x + 2 ) (x 2 )
( x + 2 ) (x 2 )
( x + 2 ) (x 2 )
=
2
3
2 6
3( x + 2 )
3
, ) 2
+
=
=
( x + 2 ) (x 2 ) x 2
5 + 6 2 3
2 6
2( 3)
3( 2)
2 6 2( 3) + 3( 2)
=
+
( 2) ( 3) ( 2) ( 3) ( 2) ( 3)
( 2) ( 3)
=
2 + 6
( 2) ( + 3) + 3
.
=
=
( 2) ( 3) ( 2) ( 3) 2
2
2 x 2
x2
x2
2
2 x 2
=
+
2
+
2
x x + x
x x + ( x ) (x + )
x 2 ( x + ) + 2 ( x ) 2 x
( x ) (x + )
x3 + x 2 + 2 x 3 2 x 2 ( x ) (x 2 + x + 2 ) + x 2 x
=
( x ) (x + )
( x ) (x + )
5.
=
2
( x ) (x 2 + x + 2 ) + x ( x ) ( x ) (x 2 + 2 x + 2 )
=
=
( x ) (x + )
( x ) (x + )
2
( x + )
= x+
( x + )
) (
x+3
x
1
( x + 3) (2 x 1) x(2 x + 1) 4 x 3 + 1
)=
) (1 +
)= [
](
2x + 1 2x 1
4x 3
(2 x + 1) (2 x 1)
4x 3
=[
124
) [
2 x2 x + 6 x 3 2 x2 x 4 x 2
4x 3
2(2 x 1)
2
](
) =[
]
=
(2 x + 1) (2 x 1)
4x 3
(2 x + 1) (2 x 1) 4 x 3
2x + 1
x+3
x3
x2 3
x+3
x 3 ( x 1) 2
=[
=
+
]
:
+
]
( x 1) (x + 1) ( x 1) 2 x 2 3
x 2 1 ( x 1) 2 ( x 1) 2
)(
( x + 3) (x 1) + ( x 3) (x + 1) ( x 1) 2
( x + 3) (x 1)
( x 3) (x + 1) ( x 1)
[
=
+
]
=
2
x 3
( x 1) 2 ( x + 1)
( x 1) 2 ( x + 1) ( x + 1) (x 1) 2 x 2 3
=
x2 x + 3x 3 + x2 + x 3x 3
( x + 3) (x 1) + ( x 3) (x + 1)
1
1
=
2
=
2
x +1
x +1
x 3
x 3
2( x 2 3)
1
2
2 + 2 2 ( )
2
+
, ) (1- 2
=(
+
)[
2
=
)
(
)
+
( )
x +1
x 3 x +1
2 +2
+2
2
2
2
2
2
( + ) = ( ) + + = , ) ( + 1) : ( + ) =
2
2
( )
( ) +
=(
3 3
2 + 2 3 + 3
2 2
+
):(
+
)=
:
=
2 + 2
1
2 + 2
3
=
=
.
3
2
2
+
( + ) ( + ) +
6.
x3 3
( x ) (x 2 + x + 2 )
+ x =
+ x = x 2 + x + 2 + x =
x
x
= x2+2x+2 =(x+)2.
) x=56 = 44 :
56 3 44 3
+ 5 6 4 4 = (56 + 44) 2 = 100 2 = 10000
56 44
x4 2 x2 + 1
4 x2
2 x 2 x2 1 2
+
(
)
+
=
=
)
x2 + 2 x2 + 1 x4 + 2 x2 + 1
x2 + 1
x2 + 1
x4 + 2 x2 + 1
=1.
= 4
x + 2 x2 + 1
100 2 1 9999
200
200
=
,
B=
.
) x=100 A=
=
100 2 + 1 10001
100 2 + 1 10001
7. ) 2+2=(
A ) 2+2=1, ,
200 9999 1.
,
10001 10001
125
1.
3
=
= 2 ,
3
2
3 3
3 2
1
K= (- ) (1 +
) + 4(2 + ) 1 + [ (2 2004) 2004 ]0 =
2
2
2
2.
=-
27 2 3 2
4 1
27
1
3
( ) + 4( + ) 1 + (2006) 0 = ( ) 2 + 4( ) 1 + 1 =
8
2 2
2 2
8
2
2
=-
27
81 96 64 24 217
27
8
2
=
+
4 + 1 = (2) 2 + 4( ) + 1 = 8
24 24 24 24
24
3
8
3
) 2+1 :
( - + 3)2 + 1 + ( - - 3)2 + 1 =
= ( - + 3)2 + 1 + [-(- + 3)]2 + 1=
= ( - + 3)2 + 1 + (-1) 2 + 1 ( - + 3)2 + 1=
= ( - + 3)2 + 1 - ( - + 3)2 + 1 = 0
) 2 :
(x - - )2 -( + - x)2 = (x - - )2 -[-(x - - )]2 =
(x - - )2 -(-1)2(x - -)2= (x - - )2-(x- - )2 = 0
3.
2
4 x 6 x +
x2 + 2
x2
x
6 2 +
2
=
2
2
x
+ 2
2
2
2
x
x
4( ) 2 6 + 1 4( 1 ) 2 6( 1 ) + 1
2
2
=
=
=
x 2
1 2
( ) + 1
( ) +1
2
1+ 3 +1
5
5 20
2 x 2 x + 3
=
= =
= 4 , =
1
1 4 5
5
x2 + 3
+1
+
4
4 4 4
x3
x 2
2 3 +3
3
=
x2 3
+
3 3
2
x
x
2( ) 3 2( ) + 3 2( 1 ) 3 2( 1 ) + 3 2( 1 ) + 1 + 3 1 + 4
8
2
2
=
=
= 4
=
=
1 2
1
5
x 2
( ) +1
( ) + 1
+1
2
4
4
126
1 16 15
+
4 4 = 4 =3
5
5
4
4
3
3
4.
) (1 - x) = -2(1 - x)2 + 2(1 - x) + 800 = -2(1 - 2x + x2) + 2 - 2x + 800=

= -2 + 4x - 2x2 + 2 - 2x + 800 = -2x2 + 2x + 800 = (x).
) x = 100 (100) = (-99)

(100) = -2 1002 + 2 100 + 800 = -2 10000 + 200 + 800=
= -20000 + 1000 = -19000 = (-99)
5.
) .
) ) + + = 0 0, 0.
: 3 + 3 + 3 - 3 = 0 3 + 3 + 3 = 3.
) = x - , = - , = - x, + + = x - + - + -x = 0
O ) (x - )3 + ( - )3 + ( - x)3 = 3(x - )( - )( - x)
6.
7.
) x4 - 22 = x2(2 - 2) x4 - 22 = x22 - 2x2 x4 - 22 - x22 + 2x2 = 0

x2(x2 + 2) -2(x2 + 2) = 0 (x2 - 2)(x2 + 2) = 0 x2 -2 = 0 x2 + 2 = 0
() (x - )(x + ) = 0 x - = 0 x + = 0 x = x = -.
) x3 + 3 = x2 + x2 x3 + 3 - x2 - x2 = 0 x2(x - ) - 2(x-) = 0
(x - )(x2 - 2) = 0 (x - )(x - )(x + ) = 0 x = x = -.
8.
) x2 + 4x + 3 = (x + 1)(x + 3), x2 + 2x - 3 = (x - 1)(x + 3)

1
1
1
1
1
1
+ 2
+ 2
=
+
+
=
x + 4 x + 3 x 1 x + 2 x 3 ( x + 1) (x + 3) ( x 1) (x + 1) ( x 1) (x + 3)
x 1
x+3
x +1
=
+
+
=
( x 1) (x + 1) (x + 3) ( x 1) (x + 1) (x + 3) ( x 1) (x + 1) (x + 3)
3x + 3
3( x + 1)
3
.
=
=
=
( x 1) (x + 1) (x + 3) ( x 1) (x + 1) (x + 3) ( x 1) (x + 3)
) =
9.
) = x(x + 3) = x2 + 3x, B = (x + 1)(x + 2) = x2 + 2x + x + 2 = x2 + 3x + 2

=+ 2
127
) ) = + 2, :
= 2 + 2 + 1 = 2 + 2 + 1 = ( + 1)2
) x(x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 3) +1 = + 1 = ( + 1)2 = [x(x + 3) +1]2
10. ) = 16x4 + 8x2 + = (16x4 + 8x2 + 1) = (4x2 + 1)2.
= 2.
2 = (4x2+1)2 = 4x2 + 1.
) : (4x)2 + (4x2 -1)2=
= 16x2 + (16x4 - 8x2 + 1) = 16x2 + 16x4 - 8x2 + = 16x4 + 8x2 + .
) = 4x2 + 1
11. ) 2 + = ( + 1). , + 1
, ( + 1) .
) ( + 1)3 - 3 = 3 + 32 + 3 + 1 -3 = 32 + 3 + 1 = 3(2 + ) + 1 =
= 3 ( + 1) +1. (1)
( + 1) 2 ( ).
(1) = 3 2 + 1 = 6 + 1. ( + 1)3 - 3 = 6 + 1.
1.
) , : = 2 + 1, = 2 + 1, ,
.
2 - 2 = (2 + 1)2-(2 + 1)2 = 42 + 4 + 1- (42 + 4 + 1) = 42 + 4 + 1
- 42 - 4 -1 = 4(2 + ) -4(2 + ).
2 + , 2 + , 2 + = 2, 2 + = 2, ,
. 4(2 + ) -4(2 + ) = 4 2 - 4 2 = 8( - ) = 8
12. )
128
x6 - 1
-x6+x5
x5 -1
- x5+x4
x4 - 1
-x4+x3
x3 - 1
-x3+x2
x2-1
-x2+x
x-1
-x+1
0
x-1
x5+x4+x3+x2+x+1
A x6 - 1 = (x - 1)(x5 + x4 + x3 + x2 + x + 1). O x = 7 :
76 - 1= (7 - 1)(75 + 74 + 73 + 72 + 7 + 1) = 6 (75 + 74 + 73 + 72 + 7 +1) =
= 6
x5 + 1
x5-x4
-x4+1
x4+x3
x3+1
-x3-x2
x+1
x4-x3+x2-x+1
-x2+1
x2+x
x+1
-x-1
0
x5 + 1 = (x + 1)(x4 - x3 + x2 - x + 1)
215 + 1 = (23)5 + 1 = 85 +1 = (8 + 1)(84 - 83 + 82 - 8 + 1) =
9 (84 - 83 + 82 - 8 + 1) = 9
13.
)
x
x 1
x ( x 1) x x + 1
1
1
1
=
=
=
=
x 1 x x( x 1) x( x 1)
x( x 1)
x( x 1) x( x 1)
1
1 1
=
1 2 1 2
1
1 1
x=3
=
23 2 3
1
1 1
x=4
=
3 4 3 4
) x=2
x=2008
1
1
1
=
2007 2008 2007 2008
:
1
1
1
1
1
2008
1
2007
.
+
+
+ . . .+
=1
=
=
1 2 2 3 3 4
2007 2008
2008 2008 2008 2008
129
2.1
x + = 0

:
x + = 0 , .
x .
.

x , .
.
x.
M : 0 x = 0 .
M .
: 0 x = 0
x = . (1)
1.
0 (1) x=
2.
A = 0 0 (1) 0 x =
3.
= = 0 (1) 0 x = 0 .
1 :
1)
2)
3)
4)

(
). 0,
.
:
) ...
. ) .
.
133
1.
R:
)
1 x +1 2 x
x 5x + 8 2 x 9
=
, ) =
4
6
5 10
10
3
x
5x + 8
2x 9
3x-2(5x+8)=4(2x-9)
) .. : 12, : 12 -12
=12
4
6
3
5
20
3x-10x-16=8x-36 3x-10x-8x=16-36 -15x=-20 x=
x=
15
3
2x
x +1
1
2-(x+1)=2-x
) ... : 10, : 10 -10
=10
10
10
5
2-x-1=2-x -x+x=2-2+1 0x=1 .
2.
:
4x 2 x 1
) 3(x-2)=4(x-1) -5 )
+
=6x+3
2
3
) 3(x-2) =4(x-1) -5 3x-6=4x-4-5 3x-4x=-4-5+6 -x=-3 x=3 .

)
4x 2 x 1
4x 2
x 1
+
=6x+3 6
+6
=6(6x+3)
2
3
2
3
2(4x-2)+3(x-1)=6(6x+3) 8x-4+3x-3=36x+18 8x+3x-36x=4+3+18

-25x=25 x=-1 -1 .
.

A.
134
() ()
1.
3x + 2 = 0 .
2.
0 x=0 .
3.
3x = 0
4.
0x = 0 0.
5.
3x = 3 .
6.
-3x + 6 = 0 7x - 14 = 0 .
7.
x = x .
8.
x= x=1
9.
x + = 0 , x + = 0
.
10. x = -5 0 .
11. x = 5 .
12. 0 x = (2 + 3)0 .
13. 3 x - 27 = 0 3 .
14. x = 2 x = 2
.
15. x =
16. x = 0,
.
17. 0 x = (2 + 1)
18. 4(2x - 1) = 5(x - 1) + 1 -3x

1.
5x+2 = x+4(x+
1 :
)
2
. . . . 0
2.
4 x = 0 :
. x= -4 . x=
3.
1
1
. x=4 . . x = 0 . x= 4
4
H x = 0 :
. = 0 . = 1 . 0 . .
135
4.
( + 3) x = 3 , :
. 3 . -3 . 0 . 2
5.
A 2 3x - 2 + = 0 :
. -4 . 0 . 4 . -2
6.
4x -3 = 5 :
. 2x -1 = 5 . 3x - 2 = 4 . x - 3 = 4 . 2x - 5 = 7
7.
x + x - 1 + x - 2 ++ x -19 = 290 :
. 14 . 24 . 34 . 44 . 54
8.
x = :
. 0 0 . = 0 0 . 0 . 0 = 0 .
9.
2
32 : 8.
:
. 3x + 2 = x - 4, . 3x + 2 = x - 3, . 4x + 2 = x - 4, . 4x - 4 = x - 2
10. A ( - 1) x = + 5 2x + = x + 2
, :
. 1, . -1, . 2, . 0
11. ( - 1) x = ( - 1)( + 1). :
. = 1, . = -1, . = 0 .

1.
: 4(3x - 2) -4x = 3(x -1) + 5

N x = 2 .
x= 32007 .
2.
Q :
3x 2 x 1 4 x 1
3x 2 4 x 1
) 3-2(x-3) x-1= 3(x-6)+2 )
=
)
= x-3
2
3
3
4
4
3.
R : ) 2x = 5x, ) 2(x - 1) = 2x - 2,
) 0x = 1 )
136
3x + 2 x 1
3x 1 4 x + 2
+
= 3x ) 4x=
3
5
2
2
4.
N R :
) 2(3-|x|) = 4 ) 4(|x|-2) - 4 = 4 ) |x| -(3-|x|) = 1
5.
N R :
)
)
8 x 3x 5 x + 6 x
x 1
x
7x + 4
3x 5
= 2-3(x-3)+
)
= x+
)
+
=
6
3
2
3
3
2
5
2
5x 7 2 x + 7
3 x x2
2x 1
=3x-14 )
= x
3
4
3
6
2
6.
R :
3x 1
3+ x
x 1 x + 2 5 x
)
-[
[1 2( x
) ] }= 5 x 2
(
+ 1) 3] =1 ) 3{x12
3
4
5
4
)
1
x
x
3x
[8- 2( + 5) ] [6
+ 3( x 5) ]+ 5 = 0
2
2
2
2
7.
x 3 + 2 -3x= -11
3
3
3
2 -2
= (-3)2008+
+2
5
8.
:
x+2
A(x) =
-4x
3
)
)
)
(x + 3)
(x + 3) = 0
(x) +1 = A(x) -x
9.
:
(3x - 2)2007 + 5(x3 - 1) = 1 2(x - 1) -3 =- 2- (2x - 1)
10. :
)
)
x + 3 (1)
x+5
4 = 2
3
(1)
:
2 = 7 + x 3 = 24 + , x (1)
137
1.
47 10
5 .
.
2.
40 .
5 ,

2 . 165 .
;
3.

17 19 , .
3
4.
703.
, 4 3.
.
5.
19% 1428
. ;
6.
A
1
1
1
,
3
4
, 9
6
.
;
138
2.2
( )

2.
2 .
2 x :
x2 + x + = 0 0
, , .
. O
:
x2 + 8 = 0 : = 1, = 0, = 8
-2x2 -8 -3x = 0 : = -2, = -3, = -8
4x + 3x2 = 0 : = 3, = 4, = 0

.
: A = 0 = 0 = 0
.
1)
A = 0 : x2 + x = 0, 0.
:
x2 + x = 0 x(x + ) = 0 x=0 x+=0 x = 0
:
N :
) x2 + 3x = 0, ) x2 = 6x.
) x2 + 3x = 0 x(x + 3) = 0 x = 0 x + 3 = 0 x = 0 x = -3 .
) x2 = 6x x2- 6x = 0 x(x -6) = 0 x = 0 x - 6 = 0 x = 0 x = 6
2)
= 0 : x2 + = 0, 0
1o : ( ) x2 + .
:
N
) x2 - 4 = 0, ) 4x2 - 20 = 0
) x2 - 4 = 0 x2 - 22 = 0 (x - 2)(x + 2) = 0 x -2 = 0 x + 2 = 0 x = 2
x = -2
139
2s : T : x2 = :
A > 0, ,
< 0, .
= 0 x = 0 ().
:
N
) 3x2 = 27 ) 5x2 - 20 = 0.
:
(x + ) ( x + ) = 0 .. : x2 +5x - 6 = 0.
-1 + 6 = 5 -1 6 = -6 (x-1) (x+6)= 0 x - 1 = 0
x + 6 = 0 x = 1 x = -6.
1) x2 + x + = 0
, : + = =
2) x2 + x + = 0 0
:
) 4,
x2.
)
2 + 2 2 - 2 .
) 2
) :
2 + 2 + 2 = ( + )2
2 - 2 + 2 = ( - )2
140
:
N : x2 - 6x + 8 = 0
x2 - 6x + 8 = 0 4x2 - 24x + 32 = 0 (2x)2 -2 2x 6 = -32 (2x)2-2 2x

6 + 62 = 62 - 32 (2x + 6)2 = 4

() ()
.
1.
x2 + x + = 0 2 .
2.
x-2 + x + =0 0 2 .
3.
x2 - x = 0 .
4.
x2 - 4x = 0 x = 4.
5.
A 2
.
6.
2
.
7.
x2 + x + = 0 0 1 + + = 0
8.
H x2 - 2007 = 0 .

1.

) 3x2 - 27 = 0 ) 4x2 - 16 = 0 ) x2 - 5 = 0
) x2 - 9 = 0 ) x2 - 5 = 0
141
.
x2 + x + = 0 0
: x2 + x + = 0
4 x2 + 4 x + 4 = 0 42x2 + 4x + 4 = 0
(2x)2 + 2 2x = -4 (2x)2 + 2 2x + 2 = 2 - 4
(2x + )2 = 2 - 4 .
2 - 4 ,
:
(2x + )2 = :
A >0, : (2x+)2= 2x+= 2x=-

.
x=
2
+

x=
x=
2
2
A =0, : (2x+)2=0 2x+=0 x= x = -
.
2
= 2 - 4
x2 + x + = 0, 0
:
142
>0
x1,2=
A =0
<0
x=
:
N :
) 3x2 - 4x + 1 = 0, ) -2x2 - 4x + 6 = 0
) =3, =-4, =1 =2-4=(-4)2-431=

(4) 1
=
=
16-12=1 >0 . , x=
2
23
4 1
4 +1 5
4 1 3
, x=
= , x=
= .
=
2
2
2
2
2
) =-2, =-4, =6 =2-4=(-4)2-4(-2)(6)=
(4) 6 4
16+48=64 >0 . , x=
=
=
2
2 (2)
4 8
48
4+8
, x=
=-3, x=
=1
=
4
4
4

2 :
A x2 + x +
x2 + x + = 0 (1) :
1.
2.
3.
> 0 (1) 1, 1

x2 + x + = (x- 1)(x- 2)
A = 0 (1) x=
2

2
x2+x+=(x+
)
2
A < 0 (1) .
143
E () ()
.
1.
x2 + x + = 0 0 .
2.
3x - x2 + 1 = 0 = -11.
3.
x2 + x + = 0, 0 ,
.
4.
x2 - x = 0 .
5.
2 < 0
6.
= 0 > 0 x2 + x + = 0 .
7.
x2 - 4x = 0 x = 4.
8.
A 2
.
9.
2
.
10. x2 + x + = 0 0 1 + + = 0
11. x2 + x + = 0 0 0 = 0
12. 2 .
13. 1, x2 -4x + - 1 = 0 0.
14. x2 -4x + -5 =0 = 9
15. x2 -x - =0, 0, R.
16. x2 + x + 0 .
144

1.
x2 -3x + 42 = 0 0 :
. . .
. .
2.
x(x2 - 1) = 0 :
. 0, 1, -1 . 0, 1 . 0, -1 .
3.
x2 - x + = 0 ,
:
. x2 - x - = 0, . x2 + x + = 0 . x2 - x + 1 = 0, 0
. x2 + x - 1 = 0 0
4.
x2 - 4x + 4 = 0 :
. < 1 . > 1 . > 3 . 1
5.
A x2 - 6x + = 0
:
. 9 . 8 . -9 . -8
6.
A 1, 2 : x2 + x + = 0 0
x2 + x + :
. (x- 1)(x- 2) . (x- 1)(x- 2) . (x- 1)(x- 2)

1.

) 3x2 - 27 = 0 ) 4x2 - 16 = 0 ) x2 - 5 = 0 ) x2 - 9 = 0 ) x2 - 1 = 0
) x2 + 6 = 0 ) x2 + 8 = 0 ) 3x2 + 48 = 0
2.
N
) 3x2 - 2x = 0 ) 16x - x2 = 0 ) 2 x2 - 4x =0 ) -x2 = x ) x2 = x
) 3x2 = 6x ) x = 2x2 ) 7x = -14x2
3.
N
) 3x2 - 1 = 2(x2 + 12) ) 3x2 - 4x = -8x ) (x-2)(x + 2) + (1- 2x)(1+ 2x) = 0
) x2 = 10x + 25 ) 7x = x2 - 18 ) x2 = x-1 ) 3x2 = 2x - 4
4.
N
) (2x - 3)2 = (x - 1)(x + 4) + x ) 9(2-2) - 8 = 4(2 -1) + 14
) ( + 2)(7 - 1) = (4 + 5)(5 - 3) ) -(3x -1)2 = (4x - 1)
145
4.
N
) (2x-3)2 = (x-1)(x+4) +9x ) 9(2-2) -8 = 4(2-1)+14
7
3
) (+2)(7-1) = (4+5)(5-3) ) -(3x-1)2= (4x-1)
4
2
5.

2 x2 + 1 x + 1
x( x + 2) x( x 1) x 2 + 2 1
+
= ( x + 2) 2 )
+
=
+
3
4
3
4
6
2
2
2
2
4x + 1 x + 1 x + 1
x + 5 x 2 2(1 x)
)
=
x
)
=
5
2
4
9
4
3
6.

) x3 - 5x2 - 6x = 0 ) x3 = 2x2 + 3x ) x2 (x -2) -2x(2 -x) + x -2 = 0
) x2 (3 -x) + x(x -3) + 6(x -3) = 0 ) (x + 2)3 + x2 - 4 = 0
7.
N
) x2+(2 2 +3)x+3 2 +4 =0
)
8.
) x2+( 5 + 3 ) x + 1 5 =0
2 x2-( 6 + 2 ) x + 6 =0 )
3x2 x 1 2 = 0

) -2x2+4,6x-2,4 =0 ) 0,002x2+4,004x-1,01=0 ) x- x -20 =0
) x-3 x +2 =0 ) x4 - 3x2 + 2 = 0
9.
3x2 - 2x + 4 = 0.
)
)
) .
10. x2 - 3x + 2 + 7 = 0
-2.
11. (x + )2 -2( - x) = 7. N
2;
12. A x2 - 3x - 5 = 0
= 2 - 3
= 2 - 3 + 10
146
13. R, x2 - 2x + 2 = 0 2.
.
14. R :
(2 - 3 + 2)x2 + 3x - 2007 = 0 2 .
3
15. N : x2 - 6x = 0 (1)
4
(1)
16. : x2 - x + 2 = 0 (1)
(1)
17.
.
1
) 6x2-x-1 ) x2-x-2 ) 2x2-x-1 ) 4x2-4x+1 ) x2-2x+3
3
) 2x2+4x+3 ) 3x2-4x+1
18. :
A=
3x2 x 2
3 x 2 + 19 x 1 4
x3 3 x 2 + 2 x
,
B
=
=
x2 + x 2
2 x2 x 1
6 x2 x 2
19. x2 - 4x + -1.
:
) .
) .
) .
20. N :
) x3 - 6x2 + 5x =0 ) x4 + 5x3 - 6x2 = 0
147
2.3
1.
x + 1. A
7-x x. N x.
2.
) 6 ,

. .
) :
10 , 20 .
) 465 ,
.
148
3.
5 cm
. 12 cm2,
.
4.
5.
2 cm
152 cm3. .
6.

. 110cm, .
7.
4000 90 .

,
.
8.
24 m,
0 = 2m/sec .
;
9.
A
, 42.
.
10.
(x) = 90 + 2x
x .
(x) = x2 - 18x - 210
P(x).
,
.
11. (t) = t3 - 5t2 + 4t
) t = 2 sec
) t = 0
12. .
4 cm, 9 cm
,
.
149
2.4
K
.

.
:
... .
.
... .

1.
) :
T ... ... = (x - 2)(x + 2) .
:
(x - 2)(x + 2) 0 x - 2 0 x + 2 0 x 2 x -2.
:
150
) ... x2(x + 1)2 .
: x2(x + 1)2 0 x 2 0 (x + 1)2 0 x 0 x -1

() ()
1.
1.
2.
x2 - 4 = 0
3.
4.
.
.
.
1.
. 0 2, . 0, 2 -2 . 0 -2 . 2 -2
2.
. -1, . 0, . 0, 1, -1 . .
3.
. 1 . -2 . -1 . -1 -2
151
1.
R :
2.
Q :
3.
4.
x2 - 5x + 6 = 0.
152
5.

, 4 .
6.
12

7.
T 120 .
3 ,
9 , .
.
8.
, , 3
.
. .
9.
5 .
180 , 80 .
, 4
.
10. 300 m .
5 m / h, 300 m 2 h
. ;
2.5
, :
) > - > 0.
) O < -< 0.
) - - = 0 .
1.
2.
3.
4.

.
0 .
0 .
.

,
,
. :
- > 0 >
- < 0 <
- = 0 =
1.

.
: A > ) + > + ) - > -
153
) + , + . :
+ - ( + ) = + - - = - . > , - >0.
( + ) - ( + ) , + > +
) - , - . :
- - ( - ) = - - + = - . > , - > 0.
( - ) - ( - ) , - > -
2.

.
: A > > 0 ) > )
) , . :
- = ( - ) (1) . > 0 - > 0, > .
- , ,
( - )>0 . (1) -
, >
)
. :
(1) . > 0 - > 0, > .

- , , ,
(1)
3.

.
: A > < 0 <
4.
154

, .
: > > + > +
:
A > > >
5.

,
.
:
A , , , > > >
> > 0, 2) > (1)

> > 0, > (2), (1) (2)
> .
:
) .
) .
) .
)
) 2 0 .
: A ,
2 + 2 = 0, = 0 = 0 .
) .
) .
)
.
155
1.
x < 2, :
) 3 (x - 2) 2(x - 4)
) 2(3- ) 3(-x +5) +2x
) 0.
3(x - 2) -2(x - 2) = 3x -6 -2x + 4 = x -2 < 0
x < 2 .
3(x - 2) < 2(x - 4)
) 0.
2(3 - )-[3(-x + 5) +2x] = 6 -2 + 3x - 15 - 2x = -9 + x -2 <0
. 2(3 - ) < 3(-x +5) +2x
2.
) A , > , :
) > 0,
) <0,
( ;)
( ;)
3.
156
1 x < 2 3 < 5
:
) 1 x < 2 (1) 3 < 5, 2 3 < 2 2 5 6 < 2 10 (2).

(1) (2) :
1 + 6 < x + 2 < 2 + 10 7 < x + 2 < 12
) 1 x < 2, -21 -2x > -22 -4 < -2x -2 (1). E
3< 5, 43 < 4 45 12 < 4 20 (2). (1) (2)
:
-4 + 12 < -2x + 4 -2 + 20 8 < -2x + 4 18 .
) 1 x < 2, 31 3x < 32 3 3x < 6 (1). E

3 < 5, -4 3 > -4 -45 -20 -4 < -12 (2). (1) (2)
:
3 - 20 3x -20 < 6 -12 -17 3x -20 < -6 .
4.
) (x + 1)2 - (x - 1)2 < 0 x2 + 2x + 1 -(x2 - 2x + 1) < 0 x2 + 2x + 1 -x2 + 2x -1 < 0

4x < 0 x < 0 .
157
() ()
.
1.
> >
2.
> -2 x > x > -2
3.
> > >
4.
> > ->-
5.
0x > 3 3
6.
2 > 0 > 0
7.
3 >0 > 0
8.
< 1 < 1 < 1
9.
< <0,
10.
< 1 , < .
11. > , 2 > 2

12. > 0, , .
13. > > , >
14. +x > + , >
15. > + +
16. o x 5, x 5
17. A x 8 x 8
18. x 5 x < 5
19. H -2x > -5x x.
158
20. H 0 x < 3 .
21. A x > 1 2x-1 < 0

22. A x > 0 x > 2x
23. A x< 0 x > 2x
24. A < < 0 2 > 2
25.
< 0 > 0
26. < 0 0 < 0

1.
-2x < 4 :
. 0, -2 . -2 .
-2.
2.
,
o -3x > -7:
. -2 . 2 . 0 . 1 . -1
3.
x < 1 :
. 1 + x < 2 . x-2 < -1 . 3-x> 2 . 3x< 3 . x2 < 1.
4.
A x( - 1) <0 x > 0,
.
. = 1 . < 0 . < 1 . > 0 . > 1
5.
N* :
.
+1
+1
+1 1
>1 .
<
< 1 .
159
1.
2.
1< x < 2, :
1
) (1-x)(x-2) (x+3) x ) (x+2)(x- ) (x-3) (2-x)
2
< , :
3 + 4 x
3 + 4 x
) 5-5x 5 -5x )
5
5
3.
, > > , :
) ( - )( - )(2 -) > 0 ) 3 - + > 2 +
4.
: 0 < < ,
:

)
,
1 )
,
1

+ +1 +
5.
0 < x < 1 -2 < <-1,

:
) -x ) -3 ) x + ) x - ) 2x - 3
6.
0 < x < :
) : x 10 < 10
x
)
1997 1998 1999
,
,
2007 2008 2009
7.
:
3
x
3 1
3( x 2) 1
) 4- x > - (4x-12)
) 7(2x-3)> -2
8 6
4
2
3
)
8.
3 2x 2x 1
>
4
6
x 1 3x 5
<
4
2
:
x3
x 1 x 2
)
-x <
2-x > 2x-8
2
3
4
) (x + 1)2 > x(x + 1) 4x(x - 1) (2x - 1)2
9.
160
10. x, :
2x
3x + 2
) x-1 2(1-2x) < 4-x )
x-1
3
4
11. N , 2 1
4
-2 3.
12.
:
7x 2
x2
3 2x 7x 5
5x (2)
2x < 5
>
+ x (1)
3
4
2
2
13. :
) 3x + 4 = 2(x - 3) 3(2x - 4) 3 - 5(5 - x)
) (4x - 1)(x - 3) = 0 3x - 7 -4x
14. ) x
2 0 2 x
2 5 x
14,6 < 11,6
10
10
) x
x 3 4x + 2 x 1
>
2
3
2 4
15. T 12
17. .
16.
8 53.
17.
10 .
18. 20
. 35 .
500 10 .
19. : 30 .
8
. 7 ,
. ;
20. = 3x -5. N x
) 10
) 5
) 0
) .
161
To :
) : 105.
) 10.
) x+x+1+x+2++x+10 = 66 x .
2
x = - 5, .
) .
) .
T = x, A = x + 2 = 10.
(x + 2)2 - x2 = 28,
= 90.
,
: 2 + 2 + 2 + 4 + 5 = 0.
10
1
.
) ;
) ;
) ;
) ;
) : x2 - 4x = -3. (1)
) ()
.
2

) x .
162
) :
)
)
4
: x2 - 4x + 42 - 1 = 0 (1)
) (1)
) 1, 2 (1)
-1< 1 3 -1< 2 3.
20
1
.
) .
) 2 ,
) 2
2
1 x 4 3 7,
:
3
: 3x + 6 = 9 (1), x2 - 4x + 3 = 0 (2)
)
163
) )
(2).
4
)
) 3000 .
1800
3 . 100 ,
.
100 .
2
2.1 x + = 0

1.
2.
)

1.
164
) -3(x + 2) - 2(x - 1) = 8 + x -3x -6 -2x + 2 = 8 + x -3x -2x -x = 8 + 6 -2

-6x = 12 x = -2
) 4 -2( -3) = 2 + 1 4 -2 + 6 = 2 + 1 4 -2 -2 = 1 - 6
0 = -5
) 5(- +2) -4 = 6 -5 -5 + 10 -4 = 6 -5 -5 + 5 = 6 - 10 + 4
0 = 0
2.
) 0,2(3x - 4) -5(x - 0,4) = 0,4(1 - 10x) 0,6x -0,8 -5x + 2 = 0,4-4x

0,6x -5x +4x = 0,8 -2 +0,4 - 0,4x = -0,8 x = 2
3.
4.
5.
x :
(
.
6.
x , x-1 .
16x + 12(x - 1) = 44 16x + 12x - 12 = 44 28x = 44 + 12
28x = 56 x = 2 .
165
2.2
E 2

1.
)
2.
)
x x 0.
3.

1.
2.
166
3.
4.
5.
167
6.
7.
8.
:
1. 12 , 15
2. 0 , 32
3. 10, 1
4. 25, 32
:
1. 10
2. 15
3. 30
4. 12
5. 12

1.
2.
)
3.
168
) )

1.
x(x-1) = -2
2
3x + 4 = 2(x + 2)
(x-1)2 = 2(x2 - x)
x2+x+ = 0
x2 -x + 2 = 0
3x2 -2x +0 = 0
-x2 + 0x +1 = 0
1
3
-1
-1
-2
0
2
0
1
2.
169
3.
4.
170
5.
171
6.
7.
8.
172
1.
2.
173
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
174
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
175
13.
2.4 H O.
1.
)
2.
3.
4.
x = 1 .

1.
176
2.
177
3.
178
4.
179
5.
180
6.
7.
181
8.
9.
10.
182
11.
12.
183
2.5 E
1.
)
2.
) -3>0, ) < , ) <0 ) > ) 2 > 0 ) + 0
3.
4 3.
4.
) 4
) 2 .
) 5.
) -6
5.
), )
6.
, , .
-
184
1.
3( - ) >2( + ) 3 -3 >2 + 2 3 - 2> 3 + 2 > 5
2.
) x>-6 ( -5)
-5x < 30 ( -30)
-5x - 30 < 30 - 30
-5x - 30 < 0
) x >- 6 ( 3)
3x > -18 ( 18)
3x + 18> -18 + 18
3x + 18 > 0
) x > -6 ( 4)
x + 4 > -6 + 4
x + 4 > -2 ( 2)
2(x + 4) > -4.
3.
) : 2 < < 6 2 : 0< -2 < 4

) : 2 < < 6 2 : 4 < 2 < 12,
5 -1 < 2 -5< 7
) : 2 < <6 -3 : -6> -3 > -18
-18 < -3 < -6, 1 : -17 < 1- 3 < -5
4.
) < 5<5 5-3<5-3

) < -2 >-2 -2+4 >-2+4
) < +<+ 2<+ <

) < +<+ +<2
<
5.
) 1< x< 3 2<<5

: 1 + 2 < x + < 3 + 5 3< x + < 8.
) 1< x< 3 2 , 2 < 2x < 6 (1),
2 < < 5 (2). (1) (2)
2 + 2 < 2x + < 6 + 5 4 < 2x + < 11.
) 1 < x < 3 (1) 2< < 5, (-1), :
-2> - >-5 -5< - < -2 (2). (1)
(2) 1 - 5< x - < 3 -2 -4< x - <1.
6.
) x > 2 > 3,
. x>23 x>6.
) x > 2 x -2 > 0 > 3 - 3 > 0. x - 2, - 3
(x - 2)( - 3) > 0
) x + 2, (x + 2) > 12
7.
> - >0. + , - ,
( + )( - ) > 0 2 - 2 >0 2 >2 .
8.
) >1 (1), > 0.

> 1 2 > .
) x > 2 (1), x >0. x2
x2 x > 2 x2 x3 > 2x2
9.
>0 :
.
10. ) x > 3 x - 3 > 0, < 2 - 2 < 0. x - 3, - 2
, (x - 3)( - 2) < 0.
) ) (x - 3)( - 2) < 0 x - 2x - 3 + 6 < 0 x + 6 < 2x + 3
11. ) x2 + 1 2x x2 - 2x + 1 0 (x - 1)2 0.
. x - 1 = 0
x = 1.
) (x + )2 - 4x
.
185
(x + )2 - 4x = x2 + 2 + 2x - 4x = x2 + 2 - 2x = (x - )2 0.
.
x - = 0 x = .
) x2 + 2 + 1 - 2
. x2 + 2 + 1 -2 = x2+(-1)2 0.
. x = 0 -1 = 0
x = 0 = 1.
12. )
.
. : (x - 1)2 0 x>0
)
( ) .
: (x - 1)2 0 x<0
13. x :
x = 15 + 6. : 114 < x < 135 114 <15+6 <135
114-6<15+6-6<135-6 108 <15 < 129
7,2< <8,6.
= 8, x = 15 8 + 6 = 126.
14. x
30 x 35 (1) 22 25 (2).
(1) 3 (2) :
60 2x 70 66 3 75.
: 60 + 66 2x + 3 70 + 75 126 2x + 3 145.
126 145 .
15. A x :
60< x < 100 51 60 < 51x < 51 100 3060 < 51x < 5100 (1)
4 15 50 4 50 50 15 200 50 750 (2).
(1) (2) :
3060 + 200< 51x + 50 < 5100 + 750 3260 < 51x + 50 < 5850.
16,51 t 19,1 t. O
.
16. ) 11 -3x < 7x + 1 -3x - 7x < 1 -11 -10x < -10 x > 1
) 2x - 9 >5x + 6 2x - 5x > 6 + 9 -3x >15 x< -5
) 4(3x - 5) > 3(4x + 5) 12x - 20 >12x + 15 12x - 12x > 20 + 15
0x> 35 .
186
17. ) 7x - 1 < 8 + 6x 7x - 6x < 8 + 1 x < 9

3x - 2 > x - 10 3x - x > -10 + 2 2x > -8 x > -4
-4 < x < 9
) 4x + 3 < 9 + 5x 4x - 5x < 9 - 3 x < 6 x > -6
1 - x < 2x + 7 -x - 2x < 7 - 1 -3x < 6 x>-2. x > -2.
)
x < -2
18.
187
1.
) (x + )2 - (x + )2 = 2 - 2 x2 + 2x + 2 -(x2 + 2x + 2) = 2 - 2
x2 + 2x + 2 - x2 - 2x - 2 = 2 - 2 2x - 2x = 2(2 - 2)
2(-) = ( - )( + ).
) ... 0,
(x+) (x + ) = 2 - x + 2 x-2 -x - 2 = 2- (-)x =

= 2 - .
2.
2 = 2 + 2, (x + 2)2 = x2
+ (x+1)2 x2 + 4x + 4 = x2 + x2 + 2x + 1 x2 - 2x - 3 = 0.
= 1, = -2, = -3. = 2 - 4 = (-2)2 - 4 1 (-3) = 4 + 12 = 16 > 0.

x = 1 B = 1 + 2 = 3, : 2 = 2 + 2,
(3-2)2 = 52 +(2 + 2)2 92- 12 + 4 = 25+ 42 + 8 + 4
52- 20-25 = 0 2-4-5 = 0 = 1, = -4, = -5. = 2-4 =
(-4)2-41(-5) = 16 + 20 = 36 >0

3.
188
x x + 1.
x(x + 1) = (x + x + 1) 7 = 23 x2 + x = (2x + 1) 7 + 23
x2 + x = 14x + 7 + 23 x2 - 13x - 30 = 0
= 1, = -13, = -30. = 2 - 4 = (-13)2 - 4 1(-30) = 169 + 120
= 289 > 0
4.
x - 0 x + 0 x x -
... (x - )(x + ) 0,
= 3, = -, = -2 . = - 4 = (-) - 43(-22) = 2 + 242 =

252 > 0
2
x 0 x + 0 x - 0 x 0 x - x .
... x(x - )(x + ) 0,
3(x + ) + x - = 6x2 3x + 32 + x - = 6x2 6x2-(3 + 1)x - 32 + = 0

= 6, = -(3 + 1), = -32 + . = 2 - 4 =
[-(3 + 1)]2 - 4 6 (-32 + ) = (3 + 1)2 - 24(-32 + ) =
92 + 6 + 1 + 722 - 24 = 812 -18 +1 = (9 - 1)2 0
189
5.
1 12 + ( - 5) 1 + = 0 1 + - 5 + = 0
2 = 4 = 2.
= 2 : x2 - 3x + 2 = 0. = 1, = -3, = 2. =
2 - 4 = (-3)2 - 4 1 2 = 9 - 8 = 1 >0

x = 2.
6.
K (x): (x - 3)
x3+3x2-13x-15
-x3+3x2
x-3
x2+6x+5
6x2-13x-15
-6x2+18x
5x-15
-5x+15
0
A x3 + 3x2 - 13x - 15 = (x - 3)(x2 + 6x + 5). (x) = 0 (x-3)(x2 + 6x + 5) = 0

x - 3 = 0 x2 + 6x + 5 = 0 x = 3 x2 + 6x + 5 = 0. = 1, = 6,
= 5. = 2 - 4 = 62 - 4 1 5 = 36 - 20 = 16 > 0.
6 16
64

=
.
=
2
2 1
2
64
6+4
x =
= -1
= -5 x =
2
2
x =
7. x, x+1 ( ,
1
1
1
1
+
+
= 1.
x
x +1 x x +1
1
1
1
1
... x(x+1) 0, x(x+1) + x(x+1)
+ x(x+1)
= x(x+1)
x
x +1
x x +1
).
(x+1)+x+1 = x2+x x2-x-2 = 0. = 1, = -1, = -2. = 2-4 = (-1)2-41(-2) =

(1) 9
=
=
1+8 = 9 >0. x =
2
2 1
1+ 3
1 3
1 3
=
, x =
=2 x=
= -1 .
2
2
2
8.
190
x > 0 x + 2 x(x + 2)
= 399 x2+2x-399 = 0. = 1, = 2, = -399. = 2 - 4 =
22-4 1 (-399) = 4 + 1596 = 1600 > 0.
x=

2 1600
=
=
2
2 1
2 40
2 40
2 + 40
, x =
= -21 . x =
= 19.
2
2
2
: 19, 21
9.
2 + 2 = 2 (1). : 2 =
2 + 2 2 = 32 + x2 2 = 9 + x2. :
A2 = 2 + 2 A2 = x2 +(2x+9)2 = x2 + 4x2 + 36x + 81 =
5x2 + 36x + 81. B2 = (2x + 12)2 = 4x2 + 48x + 144.
(1) 5x2 + 36x+ 81 + 9 + x2 = 4x2 + 48x + 144 2x2 - 12x - 54 = 0 x2
- 6x - 27 = 0. = 1, = -6, = -27. = 2 - 4 = (-6)2 - 41(-27) =
36 + 108 = 144 > 0
6 12
(6) 144

x =
=
=
2
2 1
2
6 + 12
6 12
x =
=9 x=
= -3 .
2
2
10. .
(1 + )(1 + ) - (1 + + ) = 1 + + + - 1 - - =
) A = 0 (1+)(1+)=1++
) A > 0 (1+)(1+)>1++
) A < 0 (1+)(1+)<1++
11.
) ( - )2 + ( - )2 + ( - )2 = 2 - 2 + 2 + 2 - 2 + 2 + 2 - 2 + 2 =
22 + 22 + 22 - 2 - 2 - 2 = 2(2 + 2 + 2 - - - ).
) 2 + 2 + 2 = + + 2 + 2 + 2 - - - = 0
2(2 + 2 + 2 - - - ) = 0.
) ( - )2 + ( - )2 + ( - )2 = 0 - = 0 - =
0 - = 0 = = = = = .
12. , + 1, + 2 , ...
( + 1)( + 2) > 0 .
2
4
1
(+1)(+2)
- (+1)(+2)
> (+1)(+2)
( + 1)
(v + 2)
( + 1) ( + 2)
4(+1)->2(+2) >0 4+4->2+4 >0 .
13. ) 2 + 2 > 2 - 2 2 + 2 - 2 + 2 > 0 ( + )2 - 2 > 0
( + - )( + + ) > 0. : + > + - > 0
+ + > 0 ( )
) 2 + 2 < 2 + 2 2 + 2 - 2 - 2 < 0 ( - )2 - 2 < 0
( - - )( - + ) < 0.(1) : < + --< 0
+ > + - > 0, (1) .
) ) 2 + 2 < 2 + 2 (1), 2 + 2 < 2 + 2 (2), 2 + 2 < 2 + 2
(3). (1), (2), (3) :
191
2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 < 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2
2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 - 2 - 2 - 2< 2 + 2 + 2
2 + 2 + 2 < 2 + 2 + 2
14. 2007 = 2008 = 2009 = > 0, 2007 = , 2008 = , 2009 = ,
=
,=
,=
, <<
2007
2008
2009
15. = [-(3 - 2)]2 - 4( + 1)( + 1) = (3 - 2)2 - 4( + 1)2 = 92 - 12 + 4 4(2 + 2+ 1) = 92 - 12 + 4 - 42 - 8 - 4 = 52 - 20 = 5( - 4) >0
> 4, .
16. 2 + 2 + 2 - 2 - 4 - 6 + 14 = 0 2 - 2 + 1 + 2 - 4 + 4 + 2 - 6 + 9 = 0
(-1)2 + ( - 2)2 + ( - 3)2 = 0, - 1 = 0 - 2 = 0 - 3 = 0
= 1 = 2 = 3.
17. = 2 - 10 + 2722 - 8 + 8 = 2 - 10 + 252 + 22 - 8 + 8 =
= ( - 5)2 + 2(2 - 4 + 4) = ( - 5)2 + 2( - 2)2. E ( - 5)2 0
2( - 2)2 0 0.
0. - 5 = 0 - 2 = 0
= 5 = 2 = 10 = 2
18. : x - 19 = (x-2020) + 2001, x - 17 = (x - 2020) + 2003,
x - 15 = (x - 2020) + 2005, x - 13 = (x - 2020) + 2007. O
x 19 x 17 x 15 x 13
+
+
+
= 4
2001 2003 2005 2007
x 2020 + 2001 x 2020 + 2003 x 2020 + 2005 x 2020 + 2007
+
+
+
= 4
2001
2003
2005
2007
x 2020
x 2020
x 2020
x 2020
+1+
+1+
+1+
+1 = 4
2001
2003
2005
2007
1
1
1
1
(x-2020)(
+
+
+
) = 0 x-2020 = 0 x = 2020.
2001 2003 2005 2007
19.
192
1.
2. .
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
3.1

x + = 0, x , R , , R.
T x, , ,
.

.
x + =
(x,) .
:
) A ,
.
)
.

=, 0
o xx
(0,), = 0 xx.
H x = 0
xx
(,0) , x = 0 .
x (x,0)
(0,)
:
() :
) xx, = 0 x.
) , x = 0 .
195
: 7x + 2 = 9.
.
(1,1) ( 3,-2) (0,0)
: 7 1 + 2 1 = 7 + 2 = 9,
: 7 3 + 2 (-2) = 21 - 4 = 17 9,
: 7 0 + 2 0 = 0 9,
2x + 3 = 5
) (1 , 1) (-2 , 3)
)
) ( -1,)
) : 2 1 + 3 1 = 2 + 3 = 5, .
: 2 (-2) + 3 3 - = 4 + 9 = 5, B
5
5
) x = 0, = , : (0, ) = 0, x = 5 ,
3
3
2
5
3
5
,0)
2
5
2
) 2 ( - 1) + 3 = 5
7
2 - 2 + 3 = 5 5 = 5 + 2 5 = 7 = .
5
3
196
() 4x + 6 = 12.
) ()
) () xx, ()
.
) xx: 0, 4 x + 6 0 = 12
4x = 12 x=3
xx (3,0)
: x 0, 4 0 + 6 = 12 = 2.
(0,2 )
) ) (3,0) x = 3
: (2 - 1)x + ( - 1) = 3 (1)
) (1) .
) (1)
xx.
) (1)
(0,3).
) x + = ,
, .
x
. - 1 = 0 = 1.
(1) =1 : 12 - 1 = 0, = 1 .
) (1) xx :
2 - 1 = 0 ( - 1)( + 1) = 0 - 1 = 0 + 1 = 0 = 1
( ) = -1 . = 1 = 1
.
) (1) (0,3)
(2 - 1) 0 + ( - 1) 3 = 0 3( - 1) = 0 - 1 = 0 = 1
. (1)
(0,3)
E
() ()
.
1.
3.
3x2 + =7 .
H + = .
x
(-1)x+(2-1) = 3 .
4.
x = 5 .
5.
= 6 .
6.
x = 5 x = -1 .
7.
= 3 x = -4 .
8.
x = 3 x.
2.
197
9.
(2 - 1)x + ( - 1) = 0 .
10. .
11. =6 .
12. 3x 5 = 0 .
13. (x0, 0) x + =
x0 + 0 = .
14. x + = .
15. 3x + = 3 .
16. (-1,2) x = 2.
17. = x .
18. () 3x-=3 () x- =-1 (0,0).
19. : 2x + 2 = 6 xx (-3,0).
20. x = 4 = -2 (4,-2).
21. x = 5 (0,5).
22. 2x + 6 =0, .
N :
198
1.
= 6 :
. xx . . = 3 . = 6x.
2.
A () 3x - ( - 1) = 3 (, )
:
. = 1 . = 0 . = 1 = 3 .
3.
To () 2x - = 1 () 3x + 2 = 5 :
. (0,0), . (1,1), . (-1,1) . (1,-1)
4.
(-2,3)
:
. x = -2, . x = 2, . = 3, . = 2
5.
H () 2x + 4 - 8 = 0, xx :
. (4,0), . (0,4), . (2,0), . (0,2).
6.
H x = 4 :
. xx, . , . = x, . = -x.
7.
:
. 2x - x = 2, . 4x - 5 + 3 = 0 . x - 1 + = 3, . x + - 1 + 2 = 0
8.
(2 - )x + = 3. :
. = 0, . 0, . 1, . = 1
9.
: x -4 = 8, :
. 8 .., . 4 . ., . 2 . ., . 16 ..
A
1.
:
) 1: x - 3 = 4 ) 2: x - = 0, ) 3: x = 4 ) = -2
2.
(): 3x - = 3.
)
x/x (2 - 3 ,0).
) )
: x + = 5
3.
(): x - 4 = 8
) () .
) () x / x,
/ .
4.
(): x + 5 = 10. : )
xx 2. ) )
() .
5.
, (2 - 1)x + ( - 1) = 3
)
) xx
)
199
6.
(2 - 2)x + ( - 2) + 2 - 4 = 0.
:
)
)
.
7.
: 4x + (2 - 3 + 2)x + 2 - 6 = 0.
.
:
2x - + 4 = 0.
3.2

x ,

.
:
x
(x,) .
x,
.
:

:
A
.
200
,
.
3x+2=6
3
- x=0
2
)
3
1 : 3x+2=6 , 2 : - x=0 o .
2
)
.
) ():
3
3
) . (x,)= (1, )
2
2
3
) 3 . :
2
1
3 9
1
= .
E= = 3
2
2 4
2
(1,
:
)
x+2 =4
3x-5 =1
x=5
x+=0
=4
x=-7
x-5 =0
+3=0
)
.
201
5 11
( , )
4 8
5 11
(x,)= ( , )
4 8
)
.
(5, -5)
(x, ) = (5, -5)
)
202
(-7, 4)
(x, ) = (-7, 4)
(5, -3)
(x, ) = (5, -3)

() ()
.
1.
.
xx.
2.
,
.
3.
x,
.
4.
: x = 3 x - 5 =0 .
5.
: 3x - 6 = 0 - 4 = 0 .
6.
3x + 2 = 1, 3x - 5 = 6
.
203
7.
T (-1,3) :
x+3=1
x+2=5
8.

x+=8
x+2=10
:
1.
(1,1) (-2,-2) :
. = x, . = 3x - 1, . = 3x - 2, . = x + 1
2.
+ 2x = 4 xx :
. (2,0), . (0,2), . (0,4) . (4,0)
3.
: () 2x - 5 = -3, () x + = 2
. , . , .
. .
4.
: () 2x - = 0, 3x + = 0 :
. (0,0), . (1,2), . (1,-3), . (-3,1)

: () 3x + 2 = 5, () x + 2 = 1.
) :
) () 4x - 3 = 1
.
204
: () x - 4 = 8
)
) () .
) ()
(-2,3) xx.
: () 3x - = 3, () x- 2 = 4 () 2x - = 2
) () .
) (), () .
) .
3.3

,

.
,

. .
) : :

,
, .

, .
.
) : :
,

.
,
.

,
.
1x+1=1
2x+2=2
1 1
T )
, .
2 2
1 1 1
=
, .
2 2 2
) 1 = 1 = 1 , .
2 2 2
205
x+4=5
2x-4=-2
2x+=7
3x+4=3
3x+2=2
x-2 =14
4x+5=-2
2x-=6
) x + 4 = 5 x : x = 5 - 4.
x 5 - 4 2x - 4 = -2 :
2(5 - 4)- 4 = -2 10 - 8 - 4 = -2 10 - 12 = -2 -12 = -2-10
-12 = -12 = 1. = 1 x = 5 - 4
x = 5 - 4 1 x = 1 . x = 1 = 1,
(x, ) = (1,1)
) 2x + = 7 : = 7 - 2x.
7 - 2x 3x + 4 = 3 :
3x + 4(7 - 2x) =3 3x + 28 - 8x = 3 3x - 8x = 3 - 28 -5x = -25
x = 5. x = 5 = 7 - 2x : = 7 -2 5
= 7 - 10 = -3 . x = 5 = -3,
(x, ) = (5, -3)
) x -2 = 14 x x = 14 + 2.
x x = 14 + 2 3x + 2 = 2
:
3(14 + 2) + 2 = 2 42 + 6 + 2 = 2 8 = 2 - 42 8 = -40
= -5 . = -5 x = 14 + 2 :
x =14 + 2 (-5) x = 14 - 10 x = 4.
x = 4 = -5, (x, ) = (4, -5)
) 2x - = 6 xo = 2x -6.
= 2x - 6 4x + 5 = -2
: 4x + 5(2x - 6)= -2 4x + 10x -30 = -2 14x = 30 - 2
14x = 28 x = 2 . x=2 = 2x - 6 :
= 2 2 -6 = -2 . x = 2 = -2,
(x, ) = ( 2,-2)
2
206
2x-5=-3 )
3x+5=8
4x+3=2
-4x+2=-12
3x-5=1
2x+3=7
)
, .
2x + 3x = -3 + 8 5x = 5 x = 1. x
. . : 3 1 + 5 = 8
5 = 8 - 3 5 = 5 = 1. x=1
=1 , (x,)=( 1,1)
) x
, x .
3 + 2 = -10 5=-10 =-2.
.. : 4x + 3 (-2) = 2
4x - 6 = 2 4x = 6 + 2 4x = 8 x = 2.
x = 2 = -2 , (x, ) = ( 2, -2)
) , .. x. O
2
-3 :
3x-5=1
2x+3=7 -3
6x-10 = 2
-6x-9=-21
-10 -9 = 2 -21 -19 = -19 = 1.

..
:
3x - 5 1 = 1 3x = 1 + 5 3x = 6 x = 2.
x = 2 = 1, o (x, ) = (2,1).
3
:
2 3
+ =13

4x 1
+ 2=3
3
3 2 x 3x +
+
=1
5
5
3 1
=3

+2 =8
)

= .
2 3
)
3 - =3
-2=6
) ,
:
207
3
)
5
4x 1
+ 32=33
3
4x-1+6=9
3-2x+3x+=5
4x+6=10
x+=2
3 2x
3x +
+5
=51
5
5
x x + = 2 : x = 2 - .
4x + 6 = 10 x : 4(2 - ) + 6 = 10
8 - 4 + 6 = 10 -4 + 6 = 10 - 8 2 = 2 = 1. x = 2 -1 =1 .
x = 1 = 1 o
(x, ) = (1,1).
x+3=13
1
1
=
) = x ,
x- = 3
3x-=3 : =3x-3 .
2x+3=13 : 2x+3(3x-3)=13 2x+9x-9=13 11x=22
1
1
1
1
=3 = .
x=2 . =32-3 =3 . =2 =
2
3
1
1
1 1
= o (,)=(
, )
=
2
3
2 3
)
= x 0
= 0 ,
x+2=8
3x- =3
x+2=8 x : x = 8 -2
x 3x-=3 :
3(8-2)-=3 24-6-=3 -7= 3-24 -7=-21 =3 . x=8-23=2
= 3 ( )2=32 =9 .
=4 = 9 o (,) = (4, 9)
O :
208
=2 ( )2=22 =4
. 3
30 100
.
x : x + = 30 (1).
, x 2x .
, 4 . 2x + 4 = 100 (2).

:
x+=30
x+4=100
x+=30 x=30-.
x 2x+4=100 :
2(30-)+4=100 60-2+4=100 -2+4=100-60 2 = 40 = 20

x = 30-20 =10. 10 20.

5 . ,
10 5 .
.
: 2(5-3)+=5 10-6+=5 5=5 =1 , x=5-3=2 .

2 1 .
) ()
(1,2) (-1,3)
) (-1,3) ()
) H : =x+ .
(1,2) (-1,3) , 2=1+ (1) 3=(-1)+ (2) . (1) (2)

+ = 2
-+ =3
5
: 2=5 = .
2
5
5
1
: + =2 =2- =- .
2
2
2
1
5
: = - x+ .
2
2
209
1
5
1 5
) x=-1 =3 : 3=- (-1)+
3= + 3=3 .
2
2
2 2
.
N
.
:
x2-3-1=0
x-=1
x2-2= 3
x+=1
(x-)(x+2)=0
x-3=4
) x-=1 : = x-1.
x2-3-1=0 : x2-3(x-1)-1=0 x2-3x+3-1=0
x2-3x+2=0 . =2-4=(-3)2-412=9-8=1 >0 .
(3) 1 3 1
3 +1
3 1
=
x=
=2 x=
=1 .
=
2
2
2
2
2
x=2 , =2-1 = 1 x=1 , =1-1=0 . (x,)=(2,1) (x,)=(1,0)
x=
x2-2= 3
x+=1
(x-)(x+)=3
x+=1
x- =3
x+=1
2x=4 x=2 , 2+=1 =-1 , (x,)=(2,-1)
210
) (x-)(x+2)=0 x-=0 x+2=0 ,

:
x-=0
x+2=0
(1) :
(2) :
x-3=4
x-3=4
(1) : x-=0 x : x=.

x-3= 4 : -3=4 -2=4 =-2 , x=-2 .
(2) : x+2=0 x : x=-2 .
4
4
8
x-3=4 : -2-3=4 -5=4 =- , x=-2(- )=
,
5
5
5
8 4
(x,)=(-2,-2) (x,)=( , - )
5 5
14.
36 .
.
x .
x + = 14 (1). : = 10x + .
= 10 + x. = + 36
10x + =10+x +36 9x - 9 = 36 x - = 4 (2).
(1) (2). x + = 14 x
x = 14 - .
x x - = 4 :
14 - - = 4 -2 = 4 -14 -2 = -10 = 5, x = 14 - 5 = 9.
95.

() ()
.
1.
(2,1)
2 = x = 1
2.
-3x = 2 -x = 0
3.
1: 3x -2 = 3, 2: 6x -4 = -3 .
4.
5.
1
1
1: 4x - = 1, 2 : x- = .
4
4
H (3x -2 + 1)(x -2 + 5) = 0
.
211
6.
7.
, x,
, x, R.
8.
, x,
(3,2) (-1,2) (-2,2)
9.
x-2=0
4x+7 =0
:
1.
1: 3x + 2 = 5 2: 2x -5 = -3
. (1,1), . (3, -2), . (-4, -1) . (6,3)
2.
(x- 3 +5)2 + (2x + -4)2 + 2008 :

. x = 1 = 2, . x = 1 = 2, . x = 2 = 1, . x = -1
= 2.
3.
4.
212
2x-4=1
6x-12 = 5 :
x-2=1
x+=2
N :
x +1 -1 3
4x - 3 - 1
=
=2
+
+
2
4
2
5
2
)
)
x +1 -1 3
3x + 2 2 - 1
=
=1
2
2
4
4
3
N :
3 -2 = - 5
3 +2 =5
)
)
4 +2 =-2
2 -5 = -3
:
3 -2 = - 5
3 +2 =5
)
)
2 -5 = -3
4 +2 =-2

=
2 5
3-7=15
=
4
+2=10

=
3 2
3+5=16
)
(1,2) (2, -1)
) (1, 2)
.
213
) :
() = x-2 () 3x - 4 = 5
) ( - 1) x + (3 -2) = 0
)
() 3x - 2 = 1 () x - 4 = -3.
) () ().
) ()
() xx.

x+2=9
x-2=-10 (x,)=(1,3)
) ,
) = 3x + 2,
, )
10
.
50 140 ,
.
11
() 3x - = 2 () 4x + = 5
) , () ( -1,)
() ( + 2, )
) , )
214
12
A : x2 -(3 -)x + = 0 1 3
, .
13
:
) (2,4), (-3,8) (12,-4)
) xx
7 .
14
() 3x - = 2, () 4x + = 5
() x -3 = -2 .
15
() 3x - + 6 = 0 xx (4 ,0)
() 2x -4 + - 2 = 4 (0, 6).
,
= 2x + 2
16
x+=11
x-=2
)
)
x=24
x=35
x2+2=73
x+=11
x2-2+x=0
x+2=2
17
= 2x,
3 - 5x = 2 + 2x = 3. N
, , .
18
, x R
2x2 - 6x = 2(x - 2)2 + (x - 2) + 3.
19
22 cm, 30 cm2.
N .
3
1
: () 4x - 3( + 1) = 5 () 2x - 6 = 3
, () ()
) xx )
) (x) = x3 + x2 + x -6. N
-1 2.
) , )
x + 2 = 3.
A ( - + 1)x = - 2 + 3
.
N , (2 -2 -4)2 + (3 + - 2)2 = 0
215
, :
(x,)=(1,1)
2x+3=-1
x-2=5
(3,7)
(-1,-1) (2,5) (-3,0).
.
()
(0,4) 10
.
2x+3=5
4x-3=1
(x,)=(1,1)
2x+6=12
P(x) = x2 + 3x + 2. A
-1 x = 1 4, , .
10
N , :
(1) :
11
x-3=-1
3x+2=5
(2) :
x-2=1
4x+2=14
) N , :
(-+3)x3 +x2+ (2+3 +1) x +3x-2 =0 2 x
) , )
(+1)x+=4
(-3)x+5=6
12
216
:
x + 2 = - 1
x-=2
) ( )
) (x1, 1)
(x1 - 2)2 + (1 - 1)2 = 3.
13
x,
= (x -2 + 1)2 + (3x + - 1)2 + 2007 .
;
14
N 3x - 4 = 12
2x + 3 = 6 :
) xx, ) .
15
1, 2 : 2x + - 3 = 0, 3x - 2 - 1 = 0
.
) 1, 2 .
) R () (2 + 3) x + 2 + 6 = 0
.
1o
1
)
.
) .
) ;
.
2
. ) ()
1: 3x + 2 = 5 2: 3x - 2 = 1
(-1,2)
) () )
.
. ) A
, :
( 1) :
3x-2=1
4x+5=7
x-=6
( 2) :
3x+2=8
) , )
: (1) x - = 6, (2) 3x + 2 = 8.
217
3
. ) 40 .
95 ,
.
) ( -2 -3) x = 2 + - 11
, .
. :
3x - 2 = 5
4x + = 14
, ,
x2 -3x + 2 = 0
4
) () 3x - 2 - 1 = 0.
2 - 3x + 4 + 5 = 0, ().
) )
() 4x - 2 = , xx
218
20
1
) T
)

) :
3x -2 = 0
x + = 0 .
2
A.
2x+3=2
3x+3 =
x,
) . ( x, )
)
x - 2 - 6 = 0
. ) N () 2x + 3 = 5
() 3x - 2 = -1 .
) ()
) (-1,3).
3
. ) ,
= ( -2 -2)2 + (2 + - 9)2 + 2007 .
) 3x - 4 + 5 = 0
(2-1, 2) , ) .
. 100 ,
. 240 ,
.
4
) : x2 + x + = 0.
2 3 ,.
) , )
3x + 2 + 4 = 0 .
219
3.1
H

1. (3,2), (0,6), (-3,10),
2.
)
)
4
)
3
)
1
)
2
3.
4.
i) ) ii) )
5.
i) ) ii) )
-
1.
220
2.
)
(0,0) . 6 0 + 2 0 = 8 -2 8 - 2 = 0
=4
) = 4 6x + 2 = 0 3x + = 0
3.
) x x = 0 : 4 x = 12 x = 3.
O x x (3,0). x = 0
3 = 12 = 4. O (0,4)
) =
4.
1
1
()()= 34=6
2
2
)
=2
x=2
(-2,2)
) 3.
221
5.
) : 6 5
: E = 6 5 = 30 .
222
6.
) xx - 2 = 0 = 2
) - 1 = 0 = 1.
7.
) t1 , t2
x
x , . t1=
, t2= . : t1 + t2 =1 :
2
4
x
+ =1 2x+4=8 x+2=4 .
4 2
8.
x 2x ,
3 .
25 : 2x + 3 = 25.
3.2

1.
2.
3.
) (x, ) = (-3, -2) ) (x, ) = (3, 2) ) (x, ) = (6, 0) ) (x, ) = (0, 0)

-
1.
(3,2), (3,2).
(0,0) (0,0)
(1,3),
(1,3)
)
223
(1,1). (1,1)
)
224
2.
) .
)
) (0,2). (0,2)
3.
) = 0,
= 10m / sec
) t = 10 sec
20m / sec.
4.
) 1: 20x - = 0.
2: 10x - + 60 = 0
3: = 300
) : 10x + 60 = 300 10x = 300 - 60 10x = 240 x = 24
) 12 :
20 12 = 240 , 3
10 12 + 60 = 120 + 60 = 180 300
) 15
300 210.
90 .
)
6 . 6
. 6
24, , 24
,
24 .
3.3
1.
2.
3.
4.
1 2
5 3
5.
)
)
)
)
6.
1:
2:
225
1.
) = 4. x - 2 4 = 1
x - 8 = 9 x = 9. (x, ) = (9,4)
) x x = 9 - 3.
x, : 4(9 -3) - = 10
36 -12 - = 10 -13 = -26 = 2. x = 9 -3(2) = 9 - 6 = 3
(x,) = (3, 2)
) = -4 -3x.
, : x + 2(-4 -3x) = -3
x - 8- 6x = -3 5x = 5 x = -1. = -4 -3(-1) = -4 +3 = -1
(x, ) = (-1,-1)
2.
226
) = 4 + 2x.
, : 3x -(4 + 2x) = 7
3x -4 -2x = 7 x = 7 + 4 x = 11, = 4 + 2 11 = 26
(x,) = (11,26)
3.
4.
)
4x-3(2x+3)=20-x+
2(x-2)+5(x-2)=3+4
-x-10=20
x - = 2
2x-4+5x-10=3+4
-x-10=20
7x-7=14
-11=22 =-2 x-(-2)=2

x+2=2 x=0 . (x,)=(0,-2)
x(+4)=(x-6)-15+3x
(x-1)(x+2)=(x+)2-(+1)
x+6=-15
-x- = 0
4x-6x-9=20-x+
x+4x=x-6-15+3x
x2+2x-x-2=x2+2x+2-2-
: 5=-15 =-3 .
x+6=-15 : x+6(-3)=-15 x-18=-15

x=-15+18=3, ( x,)=(3,-3).
227
5.
1,3-0,8=2,1
10 13-8=21 1
13-8 =21
) 0,9+0,4=0,5 10
9+4 =5 2
18+8=10
31=31 =1,
13-8=21 : 131-8=21 13-8=21 -8=8 =-1,
(,)=(1,-1) .
) 4 -40,2=41,5
4
3 + 1,4 = -1
-0,8 = 6
10
3+1,4= -1
10
10-8=60
30+14=-10
-3
1
-30+24= -180
30 +14=-10. 38= -190 =-5.
30+14=-10 30+14(-5)=-10 30-70 =-10
30=60 =2 .
(,)= (2,-5)
)
2,5x+3,2=-1,8
10 25x+32=-18 3 75x+96=-54
1,6x-2,4=-5,6
10
16x-24= -56 4
64x-96=-224 .
139x= -278 x = -2. A
25x+32=-18 : 25(-2)+32=-18 -50 +32=-18 32=32 =1
(x,)=(-2,1)
6.
)
1
2
-x =0
x
x + = 3
-2x=0
x+=3
-2x+=0
-2x+=0
x+=3
2x+2 =6 .
3=6 =2 . x+=2
x+2=3 x=1 , (x,)=(1,2) .
)
228
1 2 1
2 4
2
-2 - =
+ =
6
6

3 4 5
3 4 5
1
. :
+ =
+ =
6
6
1
3
3 2 1
1 2 1
=
3=6 =2 , + = + =
6
6 6
6
2 2
=-6 , (, ) =(2,-6)
=
6
3
6 3
=1

6
6 9
1
+ =1. =2 2=6

2 2
2 1 1
2 1 1
- =
= =3 .
=3 . =
3
3 3
3
( ,)=(3,3)
2 1 1
=
3
6 9
+ =1

7.

x+5=10
x-=1
x x=1+ .
8
: 2(1+)+5=10 2+2+5=10 7=8 = .
7
15
8
15 8
x=
. ( , )
x=1+
7 7
7
7
8.
x-3=-14
: 1 2
x+=-2
x x=-2- .
: 2(-2-)-3=-14 -4-2-3=-14
-5=-10 =2 .
x=-2-2 x=-4 . 1 2 (-4,2) .
x+=-2
: 2 3 : 3x-=14.
: 4 x = 12 x = 3, x+=-2
3+=-2 =-5 . 2 3 (3,-5) .
2x-3=-14
: 1 3 : 3x-= 14
3x-=14 : =3x-14 . 2x-3=-14
2x-3(3x-14)=-14 2x-9x+42 =-14 -7x= -56 x=8 , =38-14
=24 -14 =10. 1 3 (8,10)
9.
3 5 : 3+5=410 (1)
+=100 (2) . :
3+5=410 1 3+5=410
+ =100 -3
-3-3=-300. 2 = 110 = 55.
+=100, + 55 = 100 = 45 . 3
45 5 55 .
229
10. x 1 2 :
+2=7
2-2=8 M 3=15 =5,
+2=7 5+2=7 2=2 =1 . (, )=(5,1)
11. (1,2) , 1 + 2 = - = -2 (1).

(-3,2) , (-3) -2 = 3 + = -2 (2).
- =-2

3+=-2
4=-4 =-1 ,
-=-2 , -1-=-2 =1 . (, )=(-1,1)
12. 1 (-1)2 + ( - )(-1) + - 2 = 0 1 - + + -2 = 0
2 - 3 = -1.
3 32+ ( -) 3 + - 2 = 0 9 + 3 - 3 + - 2 = 0
-2 + = -9
2-3=-1

-2+= -9 .
-2= -10 =5. 2-3=-1 2-35=-1
2=14 =7
13. E x .
4x+ 3=180 -2 -8x-6=-360
2x+ 6=180
1
2x+6=180 .
- 6x = -180 x =30 . 230 + 6 = 180 6 = 120 = 20.
30cm 20cm.
14. x 2 5 .
:
x + =800 -2 -2x-2=-1600
2x+5=2500 1
2x+5=2500.
: 3=900 =300 . x+=800
x+300=800 x=500 . 500 2 300 5 .
x+
=16 x+=32
2
: x-2 +4 : x-2=+4
x-=6 . x+=32
x-=6
2x=38 x=19 . A x+=32 18+=32 =13.
19 13 .
15. x o :
230
16.
1, 2 (1> 2 ) : 3
1- 2 = 12 . 1+ 2 = 58 .
: 1- 2 = 12
1+ 2 = 58 . M 2 1= 70 1=35 .
35- 2= 12 2= 35-12 2 =23 .
17.
: 1=+8 =+8 (1) .

: =(-4)2 =2-8 (2) .
=+8
=2-8
+8=2-8 -=-16 =16 , =16+8 =24 .
24 16.
18. x 32%
48% . : x+=400 (1)
38
32
48
=
400
x +
100
100
100
32x+48=152 (2) . :
x + = 400
32x+48=15200
x+=400 x : x=400- .
(2) 32(400-) +48=15200 12800-32+48=15200
16= 2400 =150 , x=400-150 =250 . 250
32% 150 48%.
19.
t =2 : 12= 0-2 0-2=12 . t=4 , 4= 0-4 0-4 =4

: 0-2=12 -1 -0+2=-12
0-4 = 4 1
0-4 = 4 .
-2 = -8 =4 . 0-4 = 4
: 0-44=4 0= 20
2
0= 20 m/ sec = 4 m/ sec
=0 , 0=20-4t 4t=20 t=5 .
5 sec .
20.
231
21.
x
: 7x-3=64 .
4x-6=28 . .
7x-3=64 -2 -14x+6=-128
4x-6=28 1
4x-6 = 28 . -10x=-100 x=10
7x-3=64, 710 -3=64 -3=-6 =2.
10 2 .
3
1.
2.
232
= 1 , .
1 , .
(2,1) ) 1: ( + ) 2 + 1 = 7
2 + 2 = 6 + = 3 (1) ) 2: 2 + ( + 3) 1 = 1 + 3 = -1
(2).
+=3
(1) (2) :
+3=-1
: =3- .
: 3-+3=-1 2=-4 =-2 , =3+2=5 (, )=(5,-2)
3.
(1): x x = 3 + .
: 2(3 + ) + = 9 6 + 2 + = 9
3 = 3 = 1. x = 3 + 1 x = 4 (x, ) = (4,1).
(2)
8+=
-=-8
(2):
12-=
+=12
2= 4 =2 .
: 2-=-8 =10 . (, )=(2,10)
4.
) : x + -2 = 0 (1) 2x - 3 + 1 = 0 (2). (1)

x x = 2-. (2)
2(2 - ) -3 + 1 = 0 4 -2 -3 +1 = 0 -5 = -5 = 1. x = 2 -1
x = 1 (x, ) = (1, 1)
) 2x2 + 2 -2x + 4x + 4 = 0 x2 + 2 -2x + x2 + 4x + 4 = 0
(x - )2 + (x + 2)2 = 0
x - = 0 (1) x+2=0 (2) . (2) x = -2, (1) -2 - = 0
= - 2. (x, ) = (-2, -2)
5.
) 2x + = 4 : = 4 - 2x.
(2x -3 + 4)(x + ) = 0 :
[2x -3 (4 -2x) + 4] (x + 4 -2x) = 0 (2x - 12 + 6x + 4)(-x + 4) = 0
(8x -8)(-x + 4) = 0 8x - 8 = 0 x + 4 = 0 x = 1 x = 4.
x = 1, = 4 -2 = 2, x = 4, = 4 -2 4 = -4
(x, ) = (1, 2) (x, ) = (4, -4)
x
+=-2 2 : x+2=-4
2
(3x-4)(x+2)=8 (3x-4)(-4)=8
3x-4= -2 . :
x+2= -4
3x-4= -2
2
1
2x+4=-8
3x-4=-2
5x=-10 x=-2 . 2(-2)+4=-8 4=-4 =-1

(x,) = (-2,-1) .
) x2+2=2x x2+2-2x =0 (x-)2=0 x-=0 .
: x-=0
7
x+=7 . M 2x=7 x= ,
2
7
7 7
= . (x,)=( , )
2
2 2
6.
x, x > x + = 100 (1) = 4x + 15

(2). (1) x + 4x + 15 = 100 5x = 85 x = 17
= 4 17 + 15 = 83 83 17.
7.
H 2 - -3 = 0 (1) - + 1 = 0 (2).
(2) = -1. (1)
2 -( -1) -3 = 0 2 - + 1 -3 = 0 = 2. = 2 - 1 = 1.
(, ) = (1, 2).
8.
1, 2 (1 > 2) : 1 + 2 =18 (1).

1 - 2 = 72 12- 22 = 72 12 - 22 = 72 (1 - 2)( 1+ 2) = 72
(1 - 2) 18 = 72 1 - 2 = 4 (2) . (1) (2) :
21 = 22 1 = 11cm , 2 = 7cm
233
9.
x . x - = 5 (1). 11
x + 11 + 11 .
x + 11 4
= 3(x + 11) = 4( + 11) 3x + 33 = 4 + 44

+ 11 3
3x - 4 = 11 (2) . (1) x x = 5 + .
(2) 3(5 + ) -4 = 11 15 + 3 -4 =11 - = -4
= 4, x = 5 + 4 x = 9. 9 4 .
234
10.
x .
x + = 350 (1) 18 x + 12 = 4500 (2). (1)
x : = 350 -x. (2) 18x + 12(350 -x) = 4500
18x + 4200 - 12x = 4500 6x = 300 x = 50, = 350 - 50
= 300. 50 300
.
11.
x, ,:
= 10x + .
= 10 + x . 10x + = 10 + x + 18 9x -9 = 18 x - = 2 (1).
x + =10 (2). (1) (2) 2x = 12 x= 6,
= 4. 64.
12.
x, , : = 10x +
= (x + ) 6 + 3 10x + = 6x + 6 + 3 4x - 5 = 3 (1).
: = 10 + x :
= (x + ) 4 + 9 10 + x = 4x + 4 + 9 3x - 6 = -9 x -2 = -3 (2).
(2) x : x = 2 -3. (1)
4(2 -3) -5 = 3 8 - 12 -5 = 3 3 = 15 = 5. x = 2 5 -3
x = 7. 75.
13.
x > 2 , > 6
: = x . 2,
5 x -2 + 5 (x - 2)( + 5) = + 94 x + 5x - 2-10 =
x + 94 5x - 2 = 104 (1). 4
6 x + 4 - 6 : (x + 4)( - 6) =
- 104 x - 6x + 4 - 24 = x - 104 -6x + 4 = -80 -3x + 2 = -40
(2). : 5x -2 = 104 -3x + 2 = -40.
: 2x = 64 x = 32. x
3x + 2 = -40 -3 32 + 2 = -40 -96 + 2 = -40 2 = 56
= 28.
14.
15
1
: S=80 =20 km . t
4
: S1 = 80t , S2=60t , A S1+ S2 = 35

1
80t+60t=35 140t=35 t= =15 .
4
30 15 .
15.
1, 2 S1, S2
: S1 = 31, S2 = 3 2
) S1 = S2 + 45 31= 3 2 + 45
1 = 2 +15 (1)
1
1
) S1+ S2=45 1+ 2=45
3
3
1 + 2 =135 (2) . : 1 = 2 +15
1 + 2 =135
O : 2 +15 + 2= 135 2 2 =120 2 =60 Km/ h
1=75 Km/ h.
16. x : A S= t :
180+ x= 12 12-x=180
-1 -12+x=-180
930+x= 42
42-x=930
1
42- x=930
30=750 =25 , 930+x=2542 x=1050-930 x=120 .
120 m 25m/ sec .
17.
A :
1
1
1
= +
2,4 R1 R 2
1
1
1
=
+
R1
R 2 12
1
1
1
:
=
+
R 0 R1 R 2
A :
1 1
10 2
8
1
2
2
2
1 1
1
+ +
=
R2=6
=
R 2 2,4 12
R 2 24 24
R 2 24
2,4 R 2 12 R 2
3
1 1 1
1
= +
=
R1 = 4
R 1 6 12
R 1 12
235
4.1
H = x2 0
x
x .
A ,
(x, ), x,

.
H = x2 0.

(0,0) .
> 0, xx
= 0, x = 0
< 0, xx
= 0, x = 0
:
) : i) T = x2
xx ii) T .

) = x2 = -x2
xx.
) = x2
x.
:
1
= x 2 x.
2
x
-4
8
-2
2
-1
0,5
0
0
1
0,5
2
2
4
8
K
:
239
1.
) , = x2
(-2,4)
) )
) (-2,4) : 4 = (-2)2 4 = 4
= 1
) = 1 : = x2
K x.
x
-3
9
-2
4
-1
1
0
0
1
1
2
4
3
9
H .
2.
= ( + 1)x2 -1.
) .
) xx
= 4x2
) : + 1 < 0 < -1
) xx + 1 = -4
= -5.
240
3.
= (+ )x2 =( +2)x2 >0 .

2
2
A
, . .
) , = x2
(-2,4)
) )
: +
3
< +2 2+3<+4 < 1 . 0 <<1
2 2
() ()
1.
= - x2 xx.
2.
H = (2 + 1) x2 .
3.
= (2+1) x2, = -(2 + 1) x2

4.
= 3x2 (0,0)
5.
= ( + 1)2007x2, -1 (-3,8),
(3,8)
6.
= -2x2, = 6x2 .
7.
= -3x2
xx
241

1.
= ( + 1) x2
(-2,4)
. = 0, . = -1 . = 2 . = -3 . = 4
2.
= ( + 2)x2.
xx :
. < 0, . < -1 . < -2 . > 0 . > -2
3.
= ( - 2)x2. H :
. = 2, . > 2, . < 2, . .
4.
= x2, 0 = 3x2
xx :
. = 3, . = -3, . < 3, . > 3
5.
x R (-1,3)
:
. (1, 3), . (-1,3) . (3,1) . (-3,1)

1.
) = -x2
1 2
x -4 x 4
2
2.

) = -x2 -2 < x 1, ) = x2 -4 x 4
3.
, = ( +2)x2
(1,4).
xx.
4.
242
-2 <x 1 , ) =
+1
=(
4 )x2. N
. 2
5.
1
=(+ )x2, = (2 -1)x2.
3
: ) .
) xx.
6.
= (2 - 3 + 2) x2
) ( 1,6)
) )
.
7.
= (2 + 4 + 4) x2, = (2 - 2 + 1)x2
-2, 1.
( )
.
243
4.2
H = x2 + x + 0

= x2 + x + 0.
: H = x2 + x +
0 :
, ), .
2 4
x=2
: A > 0, = x2 + x +
= - , x=4
2
(-
A < 0, = x2+x+ = 4
.
x=2
:
) = x2 +
= x2 : i)
> 0 ii) < 0.
.
) = (x-)2
= x2 : i) > 0
ii) <0. .

1.
= x2 -( -2) x -3.
) R.
) x = 1 .
) )
.
244
) = 1 > 0 R.
) =x2+x+ 0 x=: 1= -
( - 2 )
2=-2 =4
2
) = 4 : = x2 -2x -3.
xx: = 0 x2 - 2x -3 = 0. E = 1, = -2,
= -3 = 2 - 4 = (-2)2 - 4 1 (-3) = 4 + 12 = 16 > 0.

2 16
-
24
2+4
x1,2=
x1,2=
, x=
=3 x=
=-1 .
2
2
2
2
xx (3,0), (-1,0)
: x = 0 : = -3. (0,-3)
2.
20. :
) x : -x2 + 20x
) .
.
) x 20 -x.
: x (20 -x) = 20x - x2 = -x2 + 20x.
) = -x2 + 20x. = -1 < 0
20
x= x=-
=10
2
2
10 10. :
10 10 = 100 .
3.
= x2 + x + 0.
, , (0,4)
xx (-2,0 ).
(0,4) , 4= (1) .
,- ) : 0= =0 (2) . (-2,0) :
(2 4
2
0=(-2)2+0(-2)+4 0=4+4 =-1 (3)
245
() ()
.
1.
= (2 + 1)x2 + 3x - 6 .
2.
= x2 - 4 x = -2
3.
= x2 + x + , 0.
.
4.
= x(1 -x) + 2x + 6 x .
5.
= 3x2 -x(3 + 4x) + 2 .
6.
= x2 - 4x + 1, = -2x2 + 8x + 10
.
7.
= (x-2)2
= x2, 2 .
8.
= x2 + x + 0. = 0
.
9.
= x2 + 5
5 .
10. = 2x2 + 6x + 8 x= -
3
2
11. -x2 -2 = 3 .
246

1.
= ( - 3)x2 - 3x + - 1 3.
.
. > 3, . < 3, . > 0 . < 0.
2.
= x2 + 2x + 0, .
. x=1 . x=, x=-
. x= , . x=-
2
2
3.
10.
. 20 . 100 . 20 . 100
4.
= x2 + x + , 0 :
. = 0, . > 0, . < 0, . = 0
5.
= x2 + x + , 0 :
. > 0, . <0, . = = 0 . > 0
6.
H = x2 + x + , 0 xx :
. = 0, . = 0 . 2 = 4, . .
:
) = x2 + 3, ) = x2 - 4, ) = (x + 2)2, ) = (x -1)2
N .
) = -x2 - 4x + 2 ) = (x -1)2 + 3
= x2 -(2 -3)x + 2.
)
) x = -1 .
)
= 2x2 -( -1)x + 1. A
.
= 2x2 + ( -1)x + 6.
) x = -1
) )
, = -x2 + x + , x = 4
6
247
10.
) .
) .
A x, 2x + = 5.
= x + 5
= -x2 + x + 1, = x2 - 3x + 2. N
.
10
: = x2 -( + 2)x - + 1, R .
)
.
)
.
11
x ( ) .
x 2x + 7 ( )
. x ( )
.
.
248
= x2 -( -1)x + 2, = -2x2 +(3 -2)x + 6.

) ,
.
)
.
= x2 - x + - 1. N
x + 2 - 4 = 0
x, : 2x + = 5 (1).
x .
20
.
: = (3 -6)x2 + 3x + 8, = (1 -)x2 + 2x - 2008.

N : A
.
= x2 -4x + - 1 = 0
) xx .
) )

= 12 cm
, , .
.
249
10 K
10
) ;
) = x2 + x + 0. ;
; .
) = x2 + x + 0.
;
20
= x2, (1,3) .
) .
) .
) xx.
30
= x2 - 3x + 2.
) .
) .
) , xx
.
40
= ( - 2)x2
) .
)
xx = (2 + -1) x2.
250
20 K
10
)
.
) (3, 9).
(-3,9).
) = x2 + x + , 0 (0,4),
, , .
20
= ( -2)x2 + 5x + 2, 2.
) .
)
.
30
= x2 + x + , 0. N
, , : ,
() x + = 0, () 3x + = 0
= 3x2
40

30 m.
) .
) .
) .
251
4.1 H = x2

1
1
,- )
2
2
1.
) (2,-8), ) (
2.
: ), )
: ), )
3.
)
4.
0
5.
6.
)
3
252
)
4
)
1
)
2
-
1.
-2
8
-1
2
0
0
1
2
2
8
-2
-8
-1
2
0
0
1
2
2
8
0
0
) K
x
-2
-3
-1
-0,75
0
0
1
-0,75
)
x
2
-3
-3
6
-1
2
3
0
0
1
2
3
3
6
0
0
2.
:
) = x2
x
-2
4
-1
1
0
0
1
1
2 (i)
4
= 3x2
x
-2
12
1 2
x
3
-3
3
-1
1
3
0
0
1
1
3
3
3
(ii)
-1
3
0
0
1
3
2
12
(iii)
253
iii)
ii)
i)
3
) (i) = x2
2
-2
6
-1
1,5
3
(ii) = - x2
2
0
0
1
1,5
2
6
-2
-6
-1
-1,5
0
0
1
1,5
2
6
i)
ii)
3.
H : =x2 . (-2,-1) : -1= (-2)2 4=-1

1
1
=- . xx = x2
4
4
254
-2
1
-1
0,25
0
0
1
0,25
2
1
4.
9
=-9 : -9 = -4x2 x2=
4
3
3
(- , -9 ) ( , -9 )
2
2
x=
5. :
2=(+2) =0
3
.
2
1
1
1
1
= (+2)( - )2 =(+2)
2
2
2
4
6. : = 1 2 2 = 4 2= 4
1
= 2 . <0 <0
= - 2
1 2
7. ) m=1 = ( )
2
=2 =2 ( )
=4 =22 (
) = 2 1 kg.
) =
3
4 kg.
2
255
4.2 H = x2 + x + 0

1.
) , (1,-4), x=1. ) , = -4, x = 1. ) (-1,0), (3,0),

(0,-3)
2.
i) ),
ii) )
3.
)
4.
)
2
)
4
)
1
)
3
5. ) x=1, K(1,4), ) = 4 , x=1, ) (-1,0), (3,0), (0,3)

-
1.
)
(-1,-4)
x
-3
0
-2
-3
2.
256
-1
-4
0
-3
1
0
)
(1,8)
x
-1
0
0
6
1
8
2
6
3
0
1 2
) =3>0 x=- ==2
2
6
12
=-1
==12
4

8
) = -4<0 x===-1
2 8
80
=5
==4
1 6
) x = 6 = 7
3.

x
-4
-2
0
1
6
0
0
3
2
8
0
= 3 x = 1 x = -3
4.
H (1,1).
3
1
H (- ,)
2
4

x
-1
5
0
2
1
1
2
2
3
5
257
= x2 + 2
= 2x.
5.
) x = 1, = 6 : 6 = 12 + 3 1 + = 2
) = 2 : = x2 + 3x + 2
x
-2
0
0
2
1
6
2
12
3
20
6.
258
xx : =0 : x2-6x+5=0 x= 1 x=5 ,
xx (1,0) , (5,0) .
: x=0 : =5 ,
1
(0,5). = ()() () . ()=4
2
1
()=5 , = 45=10 . .
2
7.
2
2 4 1
4= -7=
=-8 . =2 1
4
4 1
-28 = -[(-8)2-4] -28= -64+4 4=36 = 9
=1 >0 x=-
8. ) : =x2+x+ 0 . (0,0)
0=02+0+ =0 (1) . x=20 20 = =-40

2
=-40 2-40=-40 (-40)2=-40

=10 10=4
1
1
16002+40=0 40(40+1) =0 40+1=0 = =-40()
40
40
1
= 1 =- x2+x 0 x 40 .
40
1
302+30 = -22,5+30 =7,5
40
x= 20,
x=10 7,5
) x=30, = -
259
1.
92=4x4 92-4x4=0 (3)2-(2x2)=0 (3-2x2)(3+2x2)=0

2
2
3-2x2=0 3+2x2=0 = x 2 = - x 2
3
3
xx
i)
ii)
2.
: 2-1=-(1-42) 2-1=-1+42 42-2=0 2(2-1)=0

1
=0 =
2
3.
x2 = 2x -3 x2 + 2x - 3 = 0 x = 1 x = -3.
x = 1 = -1, x = -3 = -9,
(1,-1), ( -3, -9). T
.
4
: =x2+x+ 0. (0,5) 5= (1 ).
=-4 (2) -3= (2,-3) : 2=2

4
12= 12= 2-4 12= (-4)2-45 12=162-20 162-32=0
260
16(-2)=0 =0 . =2 , =-8 : =2x2-8x+5
5.
: x, z x + z = 10 z = 10 - x.
1
1
1
xz= x(10-x)=- x2+5x , 0<x<10
2
2
2
) <0 x=2
5
x=- =5 , z=10-5 z=5
1
) : =
6.
x x
: 6-x 3 + x,
:
E = (6 -x)(3 + x) = 18 + 6x - 3x - x2 = -x2 + 3x + 18.
3 3
=
= -1 < 0 x=- =2 2 2
7.
=x , =10-x . T :
x2, (10-x)2. T : x2 + (10-x)2 = x2+100-20x+x2
= 2x2-20x+100. H = 2x2-20x+100 =2>0
20
x=- =-
= 5. .
4
2

8. . =x2+x+ , 0 , .
) : (0,6) , (6,0) 6=0+0+ =6 (1)
0=62+6+6 36+6+6=0 6++1=0 (2) . x=2
1
1
2= =-4 6-4+1=0 2=-1 =- , 6(- )++1=0
2
2
2
1
-3++1=0 =2 . : = - x+2x+6 , 0x6.
2
) x=2,
6 x = 4 4 .
9.
) =x2+x+
0 . (-8,0) (8,0)
(0,6) . : 6=0+0+ =6 (1) . x=0 , 0=2
3
=0 . 0=(-8)2+(-8)+ 0=64+0+6 64= -6 =- .
32
3
: =- x2+6, -8 x 8 .
32
3
) () x=1,6 . =- 1,62+6 =-0,24+6
32
=5,76 . 5,76 .
261
5.1

. K
.

, , , ... :
) .

.
.. = { ,, , ,},
2007 = {2, 0, 7} ...

.

, ,
. .
+ = {+1, +2, +3,}. ,
. +1 + -2 + .
) .
.
= { 1,3,5,7,} ,
, :
A = { }, = {xN, x }
) Venn

. ..
8 ,
Venn.
.1 .3
.5
.7

, .
, =
265

.
, .
I .
= {0, 1, 3, 5, 7} = {0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 8 ,9},
Venn :
B
.0 .1
.3
.5 .7
.8
.9
:
i)
I
ii)
A I I, I
iii)
A I I =

L {}.
, L I

: , .
F ,
.
:
F = {x / x A x }
= {1, 2, 3, 6, 7}, = {0, 1, 3, 5, 7} F = {0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7}
: , .
,
. :
= {x/xA x}
= {0, 1, 2, 4, 5}, = {0, 1, 2, 4, 6} = {0, 1, 2, 4}
266
.
.

.
.
= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
= {1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7} : A = {4, 8}
:
) I F, I F
) I, I
) F = F , =
) F= , F = , FA =, A = L
) L = , = L
) I, F =, = .

1.
.
= { , 3 30}
= {x , x x3 = 4x}
= {0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27}

x3 = 4x x3 - 4x = 0 x(x2 - 4) = 0 x = 0
x2 = 4 . x = 0 x = 2. E x = {0, 2}
2.
= {-3, -2, -1, 0, +1, +2, +3}, = {-3, 0, +3}, = {-2, + 1, +3},
:
) F, ) , ) (F ) ) F
) F ={-3,0,+1,+3}, ) ={3} ) (F ) = {-1, +2}

) ={-2,-1,+1,+2} F ={-2,-1,+1,+2,+3}
267
A.
() ()
1.
{L} .
2.
{0, 1, 2} = {1, 0, 2}
3.
5={5}
4.
{1, 2, 3}I{1, 2, 4, 6}
5.
x F x A
6.
x x A
7.
8.
I
9.
F I
10. I, F =
.
268

1.
, I :
. = , . F = , . = , . = L
2.
= {x *, x 10} = {0, 3, 8, 10}

:
.{8}, . {0,8,10} . 8, . {0,8,10}
3.
= {1, 2, 3, 4}, = {1, 3, 2} = {1, 2, 3, 5} :

. I, . I . I . I
4.
= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} = {1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 0} :
. = , . I, . I, .
= {x Z , -1 x1} ={ x Z, x
x2 = 1}
) .
) F,
= {-4, -2, 0, +1, +2, +3} ={0,+2,+3},

= {0, +1} :
1) ) A, B ) F, ) ()
2) ) Venn
R,
:
A = {1, , 3}, A = {0, , 3} A = {1, 2 + 1, }
8 5
A 5 . F
= {1, 3, } ={1, 2, }.
, = .
= {-1, 01, +2, +3}

) N (x -1)(x2 - 1) = 0,
( )
) (
)
) , , (F)
= {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
x2 - 2x + = 0 R.
.
Venn
:
) F,
) , (F), ()
21 4 6
269
5.2
-

,
.

.
.

.

.
, .

.
,
. ,
= L
:
) (),

.
) ()
,
.

.
)
) . : H ,
: .
270
1 2
={, , , }
= { , }
= { ,}
2
.
) .
) .
: 9
: 15.
) :
2
1
1
(1,1)
(1,2)
(1,3)
(1,4)
(1,5)
(1,6)
(2,1)
(2,2)
(2,3)
(2,4)
(2,5)
(2,6)
(3,1)
(3,2)
(3,3)
(3,4)
( 3,5)
(3,6)
(4,1)
(4,2)
(4,3)
(4,4)
(4,5)
(4,6)
(5,1)
(5,2)
(5,3)
(5,4)
(5,5)
(5,6)
(6,1)
(6,2)
(6,3)
(6,4)
(6,5)
(6,6)

= {(1,1) , (1,2), (1,3) (6,5), (6,6}
) = { (4,6), (5,5), (5,6) ,(6,4),(6,5),(6,6)}
={ (3,6), (4,4), (4,5), (4,6), (5,4), (5,5), (5,6), (6,3), (6,4), (6,5), (6,6)}

() ()
.
1.
= {1, 3, 2, 4, 6, 5}
2.
= {1, 3, 6} = {2, 6} .
3.
271
4.
, F = .
5.
.
12 .
6.
7.
8.

1.
.
:
. = {, , , }, . = {, }, . ={, },
. ={, }
2.
= {1, 3, 4} = {2, 5, 6}
. 6
:
. , . F, . . .
3.

. :
. = {, }, . ={, , }, . ={, }, . ={, }
272
.
) .
)
: K 3
: 4 .
) : , , (F )
) , .
:
: O .
: O .
:
) , ) , ) F, ) ) ) (F)
.
) .
) :
: 1 5.
: 2 2.
) : F, .
.
) .
) :
: N .
: .
: .
:
= {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
, = { 8}
={ 3}.

) , .
) .
) , .
6

.
.
.
:
) .
) :
A: .
: N .
273
5.3
.
,

.
,
.
: () = .
.
,
() :
:
0 () 1.
: A () = 0,
= L
274
1.
, : () + () = 1
2.
, :
(F ) + ( ) = () + ()
, : (F ) = () + ().
. ,
: 2. : .
) .
) : (), (), F,
) = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, = {3, 4, 5, 6},

= {1, 3, 5}
55% , 40%
30% .
.
:
.
.
.
.
:
: , : K .
:
10%
35%
30%
25%
275
:
(())2 + (())2 = 1, : () = 0 () = 1
() + () = 1 : () = 1-().
(())2 + (())2 = 1 (())2 + (1-())2 = 1
(())2 + 1 - 2 () + (())2 = 1 2(())2 - 2 () = 0
2 ()(() -1) = 0 () = 0 () = 1

() ()
276
1.

() = 2
2.
, ,
( ) = L
3.
= {1, 2, 3, 4} {} = 4
4.
5.
() .
6.
() = 1.
7.
: (L) = 0
8.
9.
,
: () + () > 1
10. A , :
() + () = 1.
11. , : ( F ) = () + () - ( )
12. I () = ((L))

1.
:
. () + () = 0, . () + () = 2, . () = (),
.
2.
, :
N( ) = 0 :
. (F ) = () + (), . () + () = 1, . () = (),
. .
277
={0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8} .
={3, 4, 8}, = {1, 2, 4, 7, 8}
) : , , F,
) ) .
18 12 .

.
. :
) .
)
)
)
28 , 35
37 . ,
.
)
) .
, .
(), ( F ), ( ), :
(3x -1)(5x -2)(6x -1) = 0 :
) (), ( F ), ( )
) ()
,
:
)
)
)
:
i) N , .
ii) K .
278
6
6
.
:
) 1, ) 4, ) 1 4, ) 5 ) 2.
= {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}.
:
x3 - 5x2 + 6x = 0. N .
40 . 20
, 14 8 .
,
:
. N .
.
.
) .
) .
) , .
10
={300, 800, 700, 1000} .

.
.
279
:
3 [()2 + 6() + () -3 = 0. ().
, .
,

:
. 4
) .
) .
3
120 , 24
, 20
12
. .
:
. .
. .
. .
. :
)
) : x2 -3x + = 0
, .
( F ) + ( ) = 2, ,
.
15 , x .
.

.
280
= {1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10}
= {2, 4, 7} = {1}.
) , .
1
.
) ;
) .
) .
, .
: F ,
2
5 , 10 , 15 .
.

A: H .
: H
:
3
.
, :
4
45%,
25% 10%.

)
)
281
1
) , .
) .
) .
2
) ={1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}.
: x2 + 3x + 2 = 0
.
) = {1, 2, 4, 6}, ={3, 4, 5} .
: F , A, B.
3
15 , x .
.

.
4
, .
, ,
. 4
:
) .
) .
282
5.1
1.
)
2.
)
3
3.
)
4
)
2
)
1
= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
= {1, 2, 3} = {2, 3, 4, 5}
= {4, 5, 6, 7} = {1, 6, 7}
={ 1,2,3,4,5} = {2, 3}
4.
)
5
5.
)
6
)
2
)
3
)
1
) F : , , .
) :
) : ,
) : ,
) ( F ):
) ( ): , ,
283
1.
) ={-5,5}, ) = {5}, ) ={-1,0, +1, +2, +3, +4} ) = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12}
2.
I , = , = , I ,
3.
= {1, 2, 3}. :L, {1}, {2}, {3}, {1,2}, {1,3}, {2,3}
4.
A = {(0, 4), (4, 0), (1, 3), (3, 1), (2, 2)}
5.
) = { }, ) = { }
) = { 4}
6.
) F = {1, 2, 4, 5, 6}, ) = {2, 4}, ) = {3, 6}, ) = {1, 3, 5}
7.
) = {, , , , , } = {, , , , , }, = {, , , , }
) F ={, , , , , , , }, = {, , , }, ={, , ,}
) ( F )={ , , , , }, ( ) ( ) = {, , , , ,}.
( F )= ( ) ( )
8.
) , ) F , ) , ) ( )
9.
) .
) .
) .
) .
) .
) .
) .
5.2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
284
E
), ), )
. .
: 235, 253, 325, 352, 523, 532,
) = {4, 8, 10} ={ 6}
) = {2, 4, 6}, ) = {4, 5, 6}
) .
) 27 .
-
1.
= { , , , , , }
2.
= {, , , , , , , }
3.
4.
) = {, , , , , }
) .
) .
5.
) = {, , , , , , , , , , , }
) = {, , , , , , , }
= { , , , , , , , , }
6.
= {1, 3, 9}, = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

) F ={0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9}
) = {1, 3}
) = {6, 7, 8, 9}
7.
) ={2642, 2672, 2842, 2872, 2942, 2972}

) = {2672, 2872, 2972}
= {2642, 2672, 2842, 2872}
5.2

1.
), ), )
2.
3.
)
285
4.
5.
( F ) + ( ) = () + () :
-
1.
) : o
: o :
= {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12}, = {4, 8, 12}
2.
3.
T : 52 - 12 = 40.
:
4.
5.
:
: O 15.
: O 14.
: O 16.
: O 19 20. :
6.
:
= {, , , , , , , }
A : N
:
286
7.
O () = 36 .
8.
A : O :
9.
: () = 4()
() + () =1 () + 3 () = 1 4() = 1 () =
10. ( F ) + ( ) = () + () :
11.
12. :
: .
: .
() = 0,42, () = 0,21, ( ) = 0,15.
F .
( F ) + ( ) = () + () :
( F ) + 0,15 = 0,42 + 0,21 ( F ) = 0,48.
13. :
: .
: .
. .
( F ) + ( ) = () + () :
287
1.
) ={0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}, = {0, 2, 4, 6, 8}, = {1, 2, 4, 8}

) F = {0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8}, = {2, 4, 8}, = {0, 2}, = {0, 3, 5, 6, 7}
2.
: H
: N() = 8, :
3.
12
18
36
14
) A: To .
: .
4.
288
: 12 , ,
(250, 650) (650, 250) .
:
5.
.
: 8, 12, 20.( )
6.
: 12 . )
.
) 1 :

.
.
7.
8.
) 25 = 32, )
1
2
)
64
32
289

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1

1.1 ............................................................................. 293

2.1 00 1800 ....................... 351

= 3( + 2) 2( + 10) - 3 + 20( + 100)

) = 100 (1) : 1 + 2 + 3 +...+ 100 =

100 (100 + 1) 100 101

100 3( ) 2( 2 ) 5 + 3[5 ( + 2)]

(3)3 = 333 = 273

A=[(x23)-2(x3)4] : (x3:-1)-3 = (x-4-6x412) : (x-9: 3) = (x-4+4-6+12) :

= (-1)2 + (-1)+1 + (-1)

B = 279 649 - 325 627

10. (43)5 = (45)3.

= (32)4 + 311 : 27 + 33 : 3-5 -2 39 3.

. 200 cm2, . 100 cm2, . 400 cm2 .

0,25 + 2,5 3,6

(3-2) x32 (-2) x32

(3 + 1)x3 +2, -5x3 2 :

) 2x - 4x2, ) 236-6( 2)3,

) 2x2-4x2 = ( 2-4) x2 = -2x2, ) 2 3 6-6 (2)3 = 2 3 6- 63 6 =

) 3x24+(2x2)2 = 3x24+4x24 = (3+4)x24 = 7x24

8 x24- 2 x24 =( 8 - 2 )x24 =(2 2 - 2 )x24= 2 x2 4

) 3x4 2x5 (-4x)2 = 3x4 2x516x2 = (3216)(x4x5 x2) = 96x11

) 2x3(-2x2), ) -3x2(-23), ) -2x3(-4x)(-5x2)

) x3 : (x2)3 ) -273(x)2 : (-3x)2

(x) = 3x3 + 2x2 - x + 6x3 - 2x + 8

) (x) = 3x3 + 2x2 -x + 6x3 - 2x + 8 = (3 + 6)x3 + 2x2 + (-1-2)x + 8 =

(x) = 2x3 - 3x-1

) Q(x) = (2x) + 2(-x) +(2) =

) 2(x) Q(x) = 2(2x3- 3x -1) - (12x3 + 6) = 4x3 - 6x -2- 12x3-6 = -8x3-6x - 8

(x) = 2x3 + x2 + x + 6 Q(x) = (-1)x3+ x2+ 1

(x) = 2x2(x4 -1) (-x) = (x).

(x) = (3x2 - x)8(x2 - 1) + x10-3 18.

10. (x) 3 Q(x) 4

11. (x) 2 Q(x) 3

(x) : (x3+2)(x) +3 = x5- 2x + 1 (x)

A = x6-2x+ x , B= -x3-2x+x2-1 , = x-2+4x+7,

(x) = 2x3-x+1 Q(x)= x-3

A (x) = 2x(-x2+3x)(x-2), Q(x) = (x4+1) + x3+x2+x+1,

) (3 - )2-3(4 + 5)(4 - 5) = (3)2- 23 +2-[(4)2-52] =

) (3 + 2)2 - (2 + 3)2 = 5 ( - 1)( + 1).

12. 3 + 3 = ( + )(2 + + 2).

. 9, . 11, . 7, . -9, . -11

N : (x -2)(x2 + 2x + 4)(x + 2)(x2 - 4x + 4) = x6 - 64

N : = 20072 + 20072 2008 +20082 + 2007

i) 8x2 - 20x2 + 12x22 = 4x(8x - 5 + 3x)

i) 4x3 - 8x2 + 3x - 6 = 4x2(x - 2) + 3(x - 2) = (x - 2)(4x2 + 3)

i) 9x2 - 16 = (3x)2 - 42 = (3x - 4)(3x + 4)

) = 3x3 - 3x = 3x(x2 - 1) = 3x(x - 1)(x + 1)

2x2 (3x3 - 2x2 - x)

-9x4 + 6x3 -3x2 + 2x - 1

-9x4 + 6x3 - 3x2 + 2x - 1

-9x4 + 6x3 - 3x2 + 2x - 1

) (x4 - 3x3 - 3x2 + 7x + 6) : (x2 - 2x -3)

(x) x2-9 : (-3) = (3) = 0.

(x) = (x3 - 4x) (3x2 - 3) - 4x + 5.

) N (2x3 - 7x2 + 11x - 4 ): ( x2 - 3x + 4).

) (2x3 - 7x2 + 6) : (2x - 1)

Q(x)= (2 + )x3 + (2 + )x2 + ( + )x-2.

12, 20, 16 ... = 240 ... = 4,

) (-3 2 - 5)x = (-6 -5)x = -11x, ) 3(2 - 5x) = -6 + 15x , ) 3(2-5)x =

) 2 + 3 4 - 12: (-4)+1 = 2 + 12 + 3 + 1 =18, ) 2 + 3(4 -12):(-4 +1) =

(5 -4) - (+2) + (-6 +4)-(-7) = -(+1) (+2) + (-2) - (-7) = -1 -2 -2 +7 = 2

) 0,35 -6,15 +8,5

(x)-B(x)= 2x3-x2+x-4-(-3x3+5x-2)=2x3-x2+x-4+3x3-5x+2= 5x3-x2-4x-2