Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CH 06
CH 06
Chapter: p
Outline
Introduction g Multi-antenna configurations Multi-antenna techniques Multiple receiver antennas, SIMO Multiple transmitter antennas antennas, MISO Multiple antennas at both RX and TX, MIMO
6
Vanja Plicanic vanja plicanic@eit lth se vanja.plicanic@eit.lth.se
3/26/2009
3/26/2009
Introduction
Multi-antenna configurations
Base station (BS) User Equipment (UE), ex. Mobile station (MS)
Multiple-input single-output
+
Smart signal processing Multiple-input single-output
3/26/2009
3/26/2009
=> Polarization diversity hard to implement due to antenna + chassis radiation, difficult to rotate chassis wave-mode
3/26/2009
3/26/2009
How ?
DIVERSITY
BEAM-FORMING
SPATIAL MULTIPLEXING
3/26/2009
3/26/2009
Smart signal processing techniques: - RX di diversity i - Receive beam-forming - Adaptive space time processing
3/26/2009
3/26/2009
- Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) - Interference Rejection Combining (IRC) - Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) 3/26/2009 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 3/26/2009 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband
3/26/2009
3/26/2009
3/26/2009
3/26/2009
3/26/2009
3/26/2009
Delay diversity usually implemented by forward error correction, ARQ, repetition coding etc. Delay diversity invisible to mobile terminal since it is just additional time dispersion handled by the receiver
3/26/2009
3/26/2009
used in 3G WCDMA standard as Space Time Transmit Diversity (STTD) Orthogonal STBC => full rate=1, full diversity gain only for two antennas No array gain, only diversity Space-time trellis to provide full diversity, array gain and coding gain
3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 3/26/2009 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband
3/26/2009
- Large antenna distances or different polarization - Different gain and phase shifts to steer the direction of the beam - Pre-coding decided from: - Channel feedback from mobile terminal average downlink estimate, ex. FDD - Pre-coding for non-frequency-selective fading and white noise
- Maximum Ratio Transmission - instant channel estimate, fast beam-forming - diversity gain and array gain - Recommendation from mobile terminal
Smart signal processing techniques: - Spatial multiplexing Pre-coder based spatial multiplexing
- Pre-coding for frequency-selective fading not possible, NB! OFDM time invariant sub-channels 3/26/2009 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 3/26/2009 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband
Low SNR => capacity increase ~ SNR increase (NTxNR) High SNR => capacity increase ~ log2(SNR)
- Spatial multiplexing
Th Thus, capacity it i increase ~ min i {NT, NR} 3/26/2009 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband 3/26/2009 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband
If NL< NT
3/26/2009
3/26/2009
Chapter summary
Multi-antenna techniques
SIMO MISO MIMO Diversity gain and array gain Diversity gain and/or array gain Diversity gain and/or array gain and/or multiplexing gain
References
[1] Dahlman E. et al., 3G evolution-HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband, 2nd edition, El Elsevier, i UK 2008 [2] Paulraj A. et al., Introduction to Space-Time Wireless Communications, Cambridge, UK 2003 [3] Molisch A.F., Wireless Communications, IEEE Press, Wiley & Sons, US 2006
3/26/2009
29
3/26/2009
30