Huong Dan Su Dung Va Giai Toan Tren MayCASIO FX 500VN

2
Cong ty CP T&PT Giao duc Phng Nam gi quyen cong bo tac pham.
Ma so : ...........M9
3
Muc luc
Thong tin quan trong ............................................................................................ 3
Thao tac mau ........................................................................................................ 3
Tr lai che o cai at ban au ............................................................................. 3
Than trong an toan ............................................................................................... 3
Than trong x l ..................................................................................................... 3
M nap may .......................................................................................................... 4
Bat va tat nguon ................................................................................................... 4
ieu chnh o tng phan hien th ....................................................................... 4
Nhan phm ............................................................................................................ 5
oc hien th ........................................................................................................... 5
Dung menu ........................................................................................................... 6
Xac nh phng thc tnh toan ........................................................................... 7
Cai at cho may .................................................................................................... 7
Khi au thiet b may tnh tay ............................................................................... 9
a vao bieu thc va gia tr ................................................................................. 9
Tnh toan thap phan tuan hoan .......................................................................... 12
Chuyen ket qua tnh toan ................................................................................... 16
Tnh toan c ban ................................................................................................. 17
Tnh ham ............................................................................................................. 21
Tnh toan thong ke (STAT) ................................................................................. 24
Tnh toan phng trnh (EQN) ............................................................................ 28
Tao ra bang so t ham (TABLE) ........................................................................ 30
Tnh toan bat phng trnh (INEQ) ..................................................................... 31
Tnh t so (RATIO) ............................................................................................... 34
Mien tnh toan, so ch so va o chnh xac ........................................................ 35
Loi ....................................................................................................................... 37
Trc khi xac nh may tnh tay truc trac... ........................................................ 38
Thay the pin ........................................................................................................ 39
ac ta ................................................................................................................. 39
Cau hoi thng gap ............................................................................................ 40

GIAI CAC BAI TOAN THUOC CHNG TRNH TRUNG HOC C S ........... 41
LP 6 .................................................................................................................. 41
LP 7 .................................................................................................................. 74
LP 8 ................................................................................................................ 102
ai so ........................................................................................................... 102
Hnh hoc ....................................................................................................... 110
LP 9 ................................................................................................................ 112
ai so ........................................................................................................... 112
Hnh hoc ....................................................................................................... 126

4
Thong tin quan trong
Cac hien th va minh hoa (nh cac nhan phm) c neu trong Tai
lieu hng dan ngi dung nay ch c dung vi muc ch minh
hoa, va co the khac vi cac khoan muc thc te chung bieu dien.
Hay gi tai lieu hng dan nay e tham khao ve sau.
Thao tac mau
Thao tac mau trong tai lieu nay c ch ra bi hnh tng . Khi
khong c noi rieng, tat ca cac thao tac mau eu gia nh rang may
tnh tay c thiet at theo mac nh khi au. Hay dung thu tuc
muc Tr lai che o cai at ban au e a may tnh tay tr ve viec
thiet at mac nh ban au cua no.
e biet thong tin ve cac nhan , , va c ch ra
trong thao tac mau, xem Lap cau hnh thiet at may tnh tay.
Tr lai che o cai at ban au
Thc hien thu tuc sau khi ban muon tr lai che o cai at ban au va
tr ve phng thc tnh toan va thiet lap lai cac cai at mac nh ban
au. Lu y rang thao tac nay cung xoa i tat ca d lieu hien thi trong
bo nh may tnh tay.
(CLR) (All) (Yes)
Than trong an toan
Pin
e pin ngoai tam vi cua tre nho.
Ch dung kieu pin chuyen dung cho may tnh tay nay c
neu trong tai lieu nay.

Than trong x l
Cho du may tnh tay ang van hanh bnh thng, hay thay pin
t nhat mot lan trong vong hai nam.
Pin het co the do r, gay ra h hong va chay sai cho may tnh tay.
ng bao gi e pin het trong may tnh tay.
Pin i cung may tnh co xa ien trong qua trnh giao hang va
cat gi. Bi vay, co the can phai thay the pin nay sm hn tuoi
tho thng c trong i cho pin.
5
Khong dung pin oxyride hay bat k kieu pin chnh co nicken vi
san pham nay. S khong tng hp gia nhng pin o co the
lam giam tuoi tho cua pin va lam san pham van hanh truc trac.
Tranh dung va cat gi may tnh tay trong khu vc co nhiet o
qua cao hay qua thap hay moi trng am t va nhieu bui.
ng e may tnh tay b va cham, b e nen hay uon cong qua
mc.
ng bao gi th thao ri may tnh tay ra.
Dung vai mem, kho e lau ben ngoai may tnh tay.
Bat k khi nao vt bo may tnh tay hay pin, hay tuan theo luat
va quy nh cua khu vc ban .

Ten cong ti va san pham c dung trong tai lieu nay co the la cac
thng hieu a ang k hay cac thng hieu cua cac chu nhan
tng ng cua chung.
M nap may
Trc khi dung may tnh tay, hay trt nap
cng xuong e bo no ra, va roi gan nap
cng vao ang sau may tnh tay nh c
ve trong minh hoa ben canh.

Bat va tat nguon
Nhan e bat may tnh tay.
Nhan (OFF) e tat may tnh tay.
T ong tat nguon
May tnh tay cua ban se t ong tat nguon neu ban khong thc hien
thao tac nao trong khoang 10 phut. Neu ieu nay xay ra, nhan phm
e bat may tnh tay tr lai.
ieu chnh o tng phan hien th
Hien th man hnh CONTRAST bang viec thc hien thao tac sau
(SETUP) ( CONT ). Tiep o dung va e
ieu chnh o tng phan. Sau khi thiet at la ung ieu ban muon,
nhan .
ieu quan trong: Neu ieu chnh tng phan hien th ma van khong
oc c, ieu o co the la nguon pin b yeu roi. Hay thay pin.
6
Nhan phm
Nhan phm hay tiep theo sau la
phm th hai se thc hien chc nang thay
phien cua phm th hai. Chc nang thay
phien c ch ra bi ch c in tren
phm nay.
Bang sau ch ra y ngha cac mau khac nhau
cua ch tren phm chc nang thay phien:

1 -
D
Chc nang thay phien
sin
Chc na ng in tre n phm

Neu ch nhan cua
phm co mau:
Ngha la:
Vang
Nhan roi nhan phm nay e truy nhap
vao ham ap dung c
o
Nhan roi nhan phm nay e a vao
bien, hang hay k hieu ap dung c.
oc hien th
Hien th cua may tnh tay cho hien cac bieu thc ban a vao, cac ket
qua tnh toan, va cac ch bao a dang.

Neu mot ch bao xuat hien ben phai cua ket qua tnh toan,
ieu o ngha la ket qua tnh toan c hien th con tiep tuc sang
ben phai. Hay dung va e cuon hien th ket qua tnh toan.
Neu ch bao xuat hien ben phai cua bieu thc a vao, ieu o
ngha la tnh toan c hien th con tiep tuc sang ben phai. Hay
dung va e cuon hien th bieu thc a vao. Lu y rang
neu ban muon cuon bieu thc a vao trong khi ca ch bao va
cung c hien th, ban se can nhan trc het va roi dung
va e cuon.
Cac ch bao hien th
Ch th Ngha la:

Ban phm so a c dch chuyen bang viec nhan
phm . Ban phm so se khong dch chuyen va ch
bao nay se bien mat khi ban nhan mot phm.
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Phng thc a vao kieu ch a c chon bang
viec nhan phm . Phng thc a vao kieu ch se
ton tai va ch bao nay se bien mat khi ban nhan mot
phm.
M Co mot gia tr c lu gi trong bo nh oc lap.
STO
May tnh tay ang i a vao mot ten bien e gan
mot gia tr cho bien nay. Ch bao nay xuat hien sau khi
ban nhan (STO).
RCL
May tnh tay ang i a vao mot ten bien e nh lai
gia tr cua bien o. Ch bao nay xuat hien sau khi ban
nhan .
STAT May tnh tay ang trong phng thc STAT.

n v goc mac nh la o.

n v goc mac nh la radian.

n v goc mac nh la grad.
FIX Quy nh so ch so phan thap phan.
SCI Quy nh so ch so hien th.
Math Hien th t nhien c la lam dang thc hien th.

D lieu bo nh ve bieu thc cu c gi lai va co the
c dung lai, hoac co nhieu d lieu tren/di man
hnh hien thi.
Disp
Hien th ang hien nh ket qua trung gian cua tnh
toan a cau lenh.

ieu quan trong: Vi mot so kieu tnh toan can thi gian thc hien
lau, man hnh khong hien g het trong khi no ang thc hien cac tnh
toan ben trong.
Dung menu
Mot so thao tac cua may tnh tay c thc hien bang viec dung
menu. Nhan hay chang han, se hien th menu cac ham ap
dung c.
Sau ay la cac thao tac ban nen dung e chuyen oi gia cac menu:
Ban co the la mot khoan muc menu bang viec nhan phm so
tng ng vi so ben trai cua no tren man hnh menu.
Dau goc tren ben phai cua menu ngha la co menu khac pha
di menu hien thi. Dau ngha la co menu khac pha tren. Hay
dung e chuyen qua cac menu.
e ong menu ma khong la cai g, nhan .
8
Xac nh phng thc tnh toan
Khi ban muon thc hien kieu thao
tac nay:
Hay thc hien thao tac
phm:
Tnh toan chung (COMP)
Tnh toan thong ke va hoi quy (STAT)
Giai phng trnh (EQN)
Sinh ra bang so da tren bieu thc (TABLE)
Giai bat phng trnh
(INEQ)
Tnh t le (RATIO)

Lu y: Phng thc tnh toan mac nh la phng thc COMP.
Cai at cho may
Trc het thc hien thao tac phm sau e hien th menu thiet lap:
(SETUP). Tiep o, dung va va phm so e lap cau hnh
cai at ban muon.
Cai at co gach di (___) la mac nh khi au.
MthlO LinelO Xac nh dang thc hien th.
Hien th T nhien (MthlO) lam cho phan
so, so vo t va cac bieu thc khac c hien
th nh chung c viet tren giay.

Hien th Tuyen tnh (LinelO) lam cho phan
so, so vo t va cac bieu thc khac c hien
th tren mot hang.
Lu y: May tnh tay t ong chuyen sang Hien th tuyen tnh bat k
khi nao ban vao phng thc STAT. Trong tai lieu nay, k hieu
ben canh thao tac mau ch ra Hien th t nhien, trong khi k hieu
ch ra Hien th tuyen tnh.
Deg Rad Gra Xac nh o, radian hay grad la n
v goc cho viec a vao gia tr va hien th ket qua tnh toan.
Lu y: Trong tai lieu nay, k hieu ng canh thao tac mau ch
ra o, trong khi k hieu ch ra radian.
Fix Sci Norm Xac nh so ch so e hien th ket
qua tnh toan.
Fix: Ban nhap so trong khoang t 0 en 9 e an nh ch so phan
thap phan trong ket qua tnh toan c hien th. Ket qua tnh toan
9
c lam tron ti ch so a xac nh trc khi c hien th.
V du: 100 7 = 14,286 (Fix 3)
14,29 (Fix 2)
Sci: Ban nhap so trong khoang t 0 ti 9 e an nh ch so hien th.
Ket qua tnh toan c lam tron ti ch so a xac nh trc khi
c hien th.
V du: 1 7 = 1,4286 10
1
(Sci 5)
1,429 10
1
(Sci 4)
Norm: La chon mot trong hai cach thiet at san co (Norm 1, Norm
2) xac nh ra mien ma ket qua se c hien th theo dang thc
khong luy tha. Ben ngoai mien a xac nh, cac ket qua c hien
th bang viec dung dang thc luy tha.
Norm 1: 10
2
> |x|, |x|
>
=
10
10
Norm 2: 10
9
> |x|, |x|
>
=
10
10

V du: 1 200 = 5 10
3
(Norm 1)
0,005 (Norm 2)
ab/c d/c Xac nh hoac hon so (ab/c) hoac
phan so (d/c) dung e hien th phan so trong ket qua tnh toan.
CMPLX a + bi ; r Z u Xac nh hoac toa o e
cac (a+bi) hoac toa o cc (r Z u ) cho cac nghiem giai bang EQN.
STAT ON ; OFF Xac nh co hay khong e
hien th cot FREQ khi bien soan trong STAT.
Rdec ON ; OFF Xac nh lieu co hien th ket
qua tnh toan dung dang thc thap phan tuan hoan hay khong.
Disp Dot ; Comma Xac nh lieu co hien th
dau cham hay dau phay vao v tr dau cham thap phan. Dau cham
bao gi cung c hien th trong khi a vao.

Lu y: Khi dau cham c la lam dau cham thap phan, dau phan
cach cho phan thap phan cua ket qua la dau cham(.). Khi dau phay
c la, dau ngan cach la dau phay (,).
CONT ieu chnh tng phan hien th. Xem ieu
chnh o tng phan hien th e biet chi tiet.
Khi au thiet b may tnh tay
Thc hien thu tuc sau e khi ong lai may tnh, se chuyen phng
thc tnh toan sang COMP va chuyen tat ca cac thiet at khac, ke ca
thiet at menu thiet at, ve mac nh khi au cua chung.
10
(CLR) (Setup) (Yes)
a vao bieu thc va gia tr
Quy tac a vao c ban
Cac tnh toan co the a vao theo cung dang nh chung c viet.
Khi ban nhan trnh t u tien cua viec a vao tnh toan se c
t ong tnh va ket qua se xuat hien tren hien th.
4 sin30 (30 + 10 3) = 120
4

30

30

10 3

1
Phai a vao dau ngoac tron ong cho sin, sinh va cac ham
khac co cha dau ngoac tron.
2
Nhng k hieu nhan () co the c bo i. K hieu nhan co
the c bo i khi no xuat hien ngay trc mot dau ngoac
tron m, ngay trrc sin hay ham khac co cha dau ngoac
tron, ngay trc ham Ran# (so ngau nhien), hay ngay trc
bien (A, B, C, D, E, F, M, X, Y), t hay e.
3
Dau ngoac trong ong ngay trc phep toan co the c
bo i

V du a vao va bo cac phep toan
2
va
3
trong v
du tren
4 30 30 10 3

Lu y: Neu tnh toan tr nen dai hn chieu rong man hnh trong khi
a vao, man hnh se t ong cuon sang ben phai va ch bao se
xuat hien tren hien th. Khi ieu nay xay ra, ban co the cuon lai sang
ben trai bang viec dung va e di chuyen con tro. Khi Hien
th tuyen tnh c la, nhan se lam con tro nhay len cho bat au
cua tnh toan, con nhan se lam cho con tro nhay ve cuoi. Khi
Hien th t nhien c la, nhan trong khi con tro cuoi cua tnh
toan a vao se lam cho no nhay ve cho bat au, trong khi nhan
khi con tro cho bat au se lam cho no nhay ve cuoi. Ban co the
a vao ti 99 byte. Mot so ham oi hoi ti 13 byte. Con tro se thay
oi hnh dang sang khi co 10 byte hay t hn cua phan con lai c
phep a vao. Neu ieu nay xay ra, hay ket thuc viec a vao tnh
toan roi nhan .

1
3
2

11
Trnh t u tien tnh toan
Trnh t u tien cua tnh toan a vao c tnh theo quy tac di ay.
Khi u tien cua hai bieu thc la nh nhau, tnh toan c thc hien t
trai sang phai.

Th nhat Bieu thc trong dau ngoac tron
Th hai
Cac ham yeu cau oi ben phai va dau ngoac tron
ong ) theo sau oi so.
Th ba
Cac ham co i theo sau gia tr a vao (x
2
, x
3
, x
1
, x!,
o
,
o
,
r
,
g
, %), luy tha (x ), can (
)
Th t Phan so
Th nam
Dau am ()
Lu y: Khi bnh phng mot gia tr am (nh 2), gia tr
c bnh phng phai c bao trong ngoac tron (
2 ). V x
2
co u tien cao hn dau am,
viec a vao 2 se gay ra viec bnh phng
2 va do o gan them dau am vao ket qua. Bao gi cung
hay lu tam ti trnh t u tien, va bao cac gia tr am
trong ngoac tron khi c yeu cau.
Th sau
Cac gia tr c c lng theo phng thc STAT (
x ,
y ,
x
1
,
x
2
)
Th bay Phep nhan cho dau phep nhan b bo i
Th tam Phep chnh hp (nPr), phep to hp (nCr)
Th chn Phep nhan, phep chia (, )
Th mi Phep cong, phep tr (+, )

a vao bang hien th t nhien
La chon Hien th t nhien lam cho co kha nang a vao va hien th cac
phan so va nhng ham nao o (log, x
2
, x
3
, x
, ,
3
,
,
1
x
,
10
, e
, Abs) nh chung c viet trong sach giao khoa cua ban.

12
2 2
1 2
+
+

2 2 1 2

ieu quan trong: Mot so kieu bieu thc co the lam cho chieu cao
cua cong thc tnh toan ln hn dong hien th. Chieu cao cho phep toi
a cua mot cong thc tnh toan la hai man hnh hien th (31 cham
2). a vao them na se tr thanh khong the c neu chieu cao cua
tnh toan ban a vao vt qua gii han c phep. Viec long cac
ham va cac dau ngoac la c phep. Viec a vao them na se tr
thanh khong the c neu ban long qua nhieu ham va/hoac cac dau
ngoac. Neu ieu nay xay ra, hay chia tnh toan thanh nhieu phan va
tnh tng phan mot cach tach biet.
Lu y: Khi ban nhan va thu c ket qua tnh toan bang viec
dung hien th t nhien th mot phan cua bieu thc ban a vao co the
b cat mat. Neu ban can xem lai toan bo bieu thc a vao, nhan
va roi dung va e cuon bieu thc a vao.
Dung gia tr va bieu thc lam oi
(ch Hien th t nhien)
Gia tr hay bieu thc ban a vao co the c dung nh oi cua mot
ham. Sau khi ban a a vao chang han
7
6
, ban co the lam no thanh
oi cua , tao thanh
7
6
.

a vao 1 +
7
6
va roi oi no thanh 1 +
7
6

1 7 6
(INS)

Nh ch ra tren, gia tr hay bieu thc ben phai cua con tro sau khi
(INS) c nhan tr thanh oi cua ham c xac nh tiep
o. Mien c bao quanh nh la tat ca cho ti dau m ngoac au tien
13
ben phai, neu nh co, hay moi th cho ti ham au tien ben phai
(sin(30), log2(4), v.v.).
Kha nang nay co the c dung cung vi cac ham sau: ,
log
,
( ), (
10
), (
e
), , , (
3
), .
Phng thc a vao ghi e (ch Hien th tuyen tnh)
Ban co the la hoac phng thc a vao chen them hoac ghi e,
nhng ch khi che o Hien th tuyen tnh c la. Trong phng thc
ghi e, van ban ban a vao thay the cho van ban v tr con tro. Ban
co the chuyen qua lai gia cac phng thc chen them va ghi e
bang viec thc hien thao tac: (INS). Con tro xuat hien nh
trong phng thc chen them va nh trong phng thc ghi e.
Lu y: Hien th t nhien bao gi cung dung phng thc chen them,
cho nen thay oi dang thc hien th t Hien th tuyen tnh sang Hien
th t nhien se t ong chuyen vao phng thc chen them.
Sa cha va xoa bieu thc
Xoa mot k t hay ham: Chuyen con tro e no nam trc tiep ngay
ben phai cua k t hay ham ban muon xoa, va roi nhan . Trong
phng thc ghi e, chuyen con tro e cho no nam trc tiep di k t
hay ham ban muon xoa, va roi nhan .
e chen mot k t hay ham vao tnh toan: Dung va e
chuyen con tro ti v tr ban muon chen k t hay ham va roi a no
vao. Bao gi cung hay chac chan dung phng thc chen neu Hien
th tuyen tnh c la.
Xoa tat ca tnh toan ban a vao: Nhan .
Tnh toan thap phan tuan hoan
May tnh cua ban dung so thap phan tuan hoan khi ban a vao gia
tr. Ket qua tnh toan cung co the c hien th bang viec dung dang
thc thap phan tuan hoan bat k khi nao ap dung c.
a vao so thap phan tuan hoan
Khi a vao so thap phan tuan hoan, nhan (()) trc khi
a vao dau cham cua no va roi a vao dau cham cho gia tr ket
thuc. e a vao so thap phan tuan hoan 0.909090...(0.(90)), thc
hien thao tac sau: 0 (()) 90.

14
ieu quan trong: Neu gia tr bat au bang phan nguyen (nh:
12,3123123...), ng a phan nguyen vao khi a vao chu k (12,(312)).
a vao so thap phan tuan hoan la co the ch khi Hien th t nhien
c la.

e a vao 0.33333...(0.(3))

0

(())

3

e a vao 1.428571428571... (1.(428571))

1 (())

428571

e tnh 1,(031) + 2,(312)

1 (()) 021

2 (()) 312

Ket qua tnh toan c hien th nh
gia tr thap phan tuan hoan:

Lu y: Ban co the xac nh ti 14 v tr thap phan cho chu k thap
phan tuan hoan. Neu ban a vao nhieu hn 14 v tr thap phan, gia
tr nay se b x l nh so thap phan ket thuc va khong phai la phan so
thap phan tuan hoan. a vao gia tr thap phan tuan hoan co the
c thc hien bat ke thiet at Rdec tren menu thiet at.
Hien th ket qua tnh toan nh gia tr thap phan tuan hoan
Ket qua tnh toan co the c hien th nh gia tr thap phan tuan hoan
se c hien th nh vay khi ON c la cho thiet at Rdec tren
menu thiet at. Nhan phm se quay vong gia cac dang thc ket
15
qua tnh toan nh c neu di ay.
Gia tr thap phan tng ng cho thie t a t hien th
(Norm, Fix, Sci)
Pha n so So tha p pha n tua n hoan
hay
Gia tr thap phan tng ng cho thie t a t hien th
(Norm, Fix, Sci)
Pha n so So tha p pha n tua n hoan

1
7
= 0,(142857) = 0,1428571429 (Norm 1)

1 7

Hien th nh so thap phan tuan hoan:

Gia tr thap phan tng ng vi thiet at Norm 1:

Tr lai dang thc hien th ban au (phan so):

1 7 =
1
7
= 0,(142857) = 1,1428571429 (Norm 1)
1 7

Hien th nh phan so:


Tr lai dang thc hien th ban au (Norm 1):

16

1
7
= 0,(142857) = 0,1428571429 (Norm 1)

1 7


Gia tr thap phan tng ng vi thiet at Norm 1:

Cho lai dang thc hien th ban au (phan so):

1 7 = 0,1428571429 (Norm 1) = 0,(142857) =
1
7

1 7

Hien th nh phan so:


Tr lai dang thc hien th ban au (Norm 1)
ieu kien hien th ket qua tnh toan nh so thap phan
tuan hoan
Neu ket qua tnh toan thoa man cac ieu kien sau , nhan se hien
th no nh gia tr thap phan tuan hoan.
Tong so ch so c dung trong phan so co hon so (ke ca so
nguyen, t so, mau so, va k hieu phan tach) phai khong qua 10.
Kch c d lieu cua gia tr c hien th nh so thap phan tuan
hoan phai khong ln hn 99 bytes. Tng gia tr va dau cham thap
phan yeu cau mot byte, va tng ch so cua phan tuan hoan yeu
cau mot byte. Chang han so sau ay se yeu cau toan bo 8 byte (4
byte cho gia tr, 1 byte cho dau cham thap phan, 3 byte cho phan
tuan hoan): 0,(123)
Lu y: e biet thong tin ve viec chuyen dang thc hien th cua ket
qua tnh toan khi OFF c la cho thiet at Rdec tren menu thiet at,
xem Chuyen ket qua tnh toan.
17
V du ve so thap phan tuan hoan
0,(3) + 0,(45) = 0,(78)

0 (()) 3
0 (()) 45
1,(6) + 2,(8) = 4,(5)
1 (()) 6
2 (()) 8

e xac nhan ieu sau: 0,(123) =
123
999
, 0,(1234) =
1234
9999
,
0,(12345) =
12345
99999

123 999

1234 9999
12345 99999
Chuyen ket qua tnh toan
Khi Hien th t nhien c la, moi lan nhan se chuyen ket qua tnh
toan c hien th hien tai sang dang thc phan so va dang thc thap phan
cua no, dang thc can va dang thc thap phan cua no, hay dang thc t
18
va dang thc thap phan cua no.

t 6 =
1
6
t = 0,5235987756
(t) 6
1
6
t
0.5235987756

( 2 + 2) 3 = 6 + 2 3 = 5,913591358
2 2 3

6 + 2 3
5.913591358
Khi Hien th tuyen tnh c la, tng viec nhan se chuyen ket
qua tnh toan hien thi sang cac dang thap phan va dang phan so cua
no.

1 5 = 0,2 =
1
5

1 5 0.2

1 5

1
4
5
=
1
5
= 0,2

1 4 5

1 5

0.2

ieu quan trong: Tuy theo kieu tnh toan ang tren man hien th khi
ban nhan phm , qua trnh chuyen oi co the mat mot chut thi
gian e thc hien. Vi mot so ket qua tnh toan, nhan phm se
khong chuyen oi gia tr a hien th. Khi ON c la cho Rdec tren
menu thiet lap, nhan se chuyen ket qua tnh toan sang dang thap
phan tuan hoan. e biet chi tiet, xem Tnh toan thap phan tuan
hoan.
Lu y: Vi Hien th t nhien, nhan thay v sau khi a vao
mot tnh toan se hien th ket qua tnh toan di dang thap phan. Nhan
sau o se chuyen ket qua tnh toan sang dang thap phan tuan
hoan, dang phan so hay dang t. Dang cua ket qua se khong
xuat hien trong trng hp nay.
Tnh toan c ban
Tnh toan phan so
Lu y rang phng phap a vao la khac nhau, tuy theo lieu ban
ang dung Hien th t nhien hay Hien th tuyen tnh.

19

2 1 7
3 2 6
+ =
2 3 1 2
7
6

hay 2 3 1 2
7
6

2 3 1 2 7 6

4 3
1
2
=
1
2

4 , ( ) 3 1 2
1
2

4 3 1 2
1 2

Lu y: Phan so co hon so va gia tr thap phan trong mot tnh toan
khi Hien th tuyen tnh c la se gay ra ket qua c hien th nh
gia tr thap phan. Phan so trong ket qua tnh toan c hien th sau
khi c rut gon ve dang toi gian cua chung.
e chuyen ket qua tnh toan gia phan so khong toi gian va dang
thc phan so hon so: thc hien thao tac chu chot sau
(a
b
c

d
c
)
e chuyen ket qua tnh toan gia phan so va dang thc thap
phan: Nhan
Tnh phan tram
a vao mot gia tr va nhan (%) lam cho gia tr a vao tr
thanh so phan tram.

150 20% = 30 150 20 (%) 30

Tnh phan tram nao cua 880 la 660. (75%)

660 880 (%) 75

Tang 2500 len 15%. (2875)

2500 2500 15 (%) 2875

Giam 3500 i 25%. (2625)
3500 , 3500 25 (%) 2625
Tnh toan o, phut, giay (o, phut, giay)
Thc hien phep cong hay tr gia cac gia tr o, phut, giay, hay phep
nhan va chia gia cac gia tr o, phut, giay va gia tr thap phan se lam
cho ket qua c hien th theo gia tr o, phut, giay. Ban cung co the
chuyen oi gia o, phut, giay va thap phan. Sau ay la dang thc
a vao cho gia tr o, phut, giay: {o} {phut} {giay} .

20
Lu y: Ban bao gi cung phai nhap gia tr cho o va phut, cho du gia
tr o la khong.

220'30+ 39'30 = 300'00
2 20 30 0 39 30 30'0

Chuyen 215'18 sang dang tng ng thap phan.
2 15 18 215'18
(Chuyen oi he sau mi sang thap phan.) 2.255
(Chuyen oi he thap phan sang he sau mi.) 215'18
Ket noi nhieu bieu thc
Ban co the dung k t hai cham (:) e noi hai hay nhieu bieu thc va
thc hien chung t trai sang phai khi ban nhan .

3 + 3 : 3 3 3 (:) 3 3 6

9
Dung k phap k thuat
Mot thao tac phm n gian bien oi gia tr c hien th sang k phap
k nghe.

Bien oi gia tr 1234 sang k phap k nghe, dch chuyen dau
cham thap phan sang phai
1234 1234
1.23410
3
123410

Bien oi gia tr 123 sang k phap k nghe, dch chuyen dau cham
thap phan sang trai.
123 123
() 0.12310
3
() 0.00012310
6
Hien lai bieu thc cu
Trong Phng thc COMP, may tnh tay nh xap x 200 byte d lieu
cho tnh toan mi nhat. Ban co the cuon qua noi dung bieu thc cu
bang viec dung va .

1 + 1 = 2 1 1 2
2 + 2 = 4 2 2 4
3 + 3 = 6 3 3 6
(Cuon ngc lai.) 4
(Cuon ngc lai na.) 2
21
Lu y: D lieu c tnh toan trc o c xoa khi nhan , khi ban
thay oi phng thc tnh toan khac, khi ban thay oi dang thc hien
th, hay bat k khi nao ban thc hien thao tac at tai reset.
Chay lai
Khi ket qua tnh toan ang tren man hien th, ban co the nhan va
e sa oi bieu thc ban a dung cho tnh toan trc.

43 + 2,5 = 14,5

4 3 2.5 14.5
43 7,1 = 4,9 (Tiep tuc) , 7.1 4.9
Lu y: Neu ban muon sa mot tnh toan khi ch bao ang ben
phai cua hien th ket qua tnh toan(xem oc hien th), nhan va
roi dung va e cuon tnh toan.
Bo nh ket qua (Ans)
Ket qua tnh toan cuoi cung thu c la c lu trong bo nh Ans
(tra li). Noi dung bo nh Ans c cap nhat khi ket qua tnh toan mi
c hien th.

e chia ket qua cua 3 4 cho 30
3 4
(Tiep tuc) 30

123 + 456 = 579 123 456

789 579 = 210
(Tiep tuc) 789,
Cac bien (A, B, C, D, E, F, X, Y)
May tnh tay cua ban co tam bien at san co ten A, B, C, D, E, F, X va
Y. Ban co the gan gia tr cho cac bien va cung co the dung cac bien
nay trong tnh toan.

e gan ket qua cua 3 + 5 cho bien A
3 5 (STO) (A) 8

e nhan noi dung cua bien A vi 10
(Tiep tuc) (A) 10 80

e nh lai noi dung cua bien A (Tiep tuc) (A) 8

e xoa noi dung cua bien A 0 (STO) (A) 0
22
Bo nh oc lap (M)
Ban co the cong ket qua tnh toan hay tr ket qua t bo nh oc lap.
Ch M xuat hien tren man hien th khi co gia tr khac khong c lu
trong bo nh oc lap.

e xoa noi dung cua M 0 (STO) (M) 0

e cong ket qua cua 10 5 vao M (Tiep tuc) 10 5
50

e tr ket qua cua 10 + 5 t M

(Tiep tuc) 10 5 (M)
15

e nh noi dung cua M (Tiep tuc) (M)
35
Lu y: Bien M c dung cho bo nh oc lap.
Xoa noi dung cua moi bo nh
Bo nh Ans, bo nh oc lap, va noi dung bien c duy tr cho du ban
nhan , thay oi phng thc tnh toan, hay tat may tnh. Hay thc
hien thu tuc sau khi ban muon xoa noi dung cua tat ca cac bo nh.
(CLR) (Memory) (Yes)
Tnh ham
Vi cac thao tac thc tai dung tng ham, xem muc V du theo sau
danh sach di ay.

t: t c hien th la 3,141592654, nhng t = 3,14159265358980
c dung cho tnh toan noi bo.
e: e c hien th la 2,718281828, nhng e = 2,71828182845904
c dung cho tnh toan noi bo.
sin, cos, tan, sin
1
, cos
1
, tan
1
: Cac ham lng giac. Xac nh n v
goc trc khi thc hien tnh toan . Xem 1.

sinh, cosh, tanh, sinh
1
, cosh
1
, tanh
1
: Cac ham hyperbolic. a
vao ham t menu xuat hien khi ban nhan . Thiet at n v goc
khong anh hng ti tnh toan. Xem 2.
o
,
r
,
g
: Cac ham nay xac nh n v goc .
o
xac nh o,
r
radian, va
g
grad. a vao mot ham t menu xuat hien khi ban thc hien thao tac
phm sau: (DRG ). Xem 3.

10 , e : Ham luy tha. Lu y rang phng phap a vao la khac
nhau tuy theo lieu ban ang dung Hien th t nhien hay Hien th tuyen
tnh. Xem 4.
log: Ham lo ga rit. Dung phm e a vao log
a
b nh log(a, b). C
so 10 la thiet at mac nh neu ban khong a vao cai g cho a. Phm
23
log
cung co the c dung cho a vao, nhng ch khi Hien th t
nhien c la. Trong trng hp nay, ban phai a vao mot gia tr
cho c so. Xem 5.
In: Lo ga rit t nhien c so e. Xem 6.
x
2
, x
3
, x
, ,
3
,
,
1
x
: Luy tha, can, va lay nghch ao. Lu y

rang phng phap a vao cho x
, ,
3
va
la khac nhau tuy

theo lieu ban dung Hien th t nhien hay Hien th tuyen tnh. Xem

7.
Lu y: Cac ham sau khong the c a vao theo trnh t ke tiep: x
2
,
x
3
, x
, x
1
. Neu ban a vao 2 chang han, cuoi cung se
b bo qua. e a vao
2
2
2 , a vao 2 , nhan phm va roi
nhan .
Pol, Rec: Pol chuyen oi toa o ch nhat sang toa o cc, trong khi
Rec chuyen oi toa o cc sang toa o ch nhat. Xem

8 .
Xac nh n v goc trc khi thc
hien tnh toan.
Ket qua tnh toan cho r va u va cho
x va y tng phan t c gan tng
ng cho cac bien X va Y. Ket qua
tnh toan u c hien th trong
pham vi 180
o
< u
<
=
180
o

x!: Ham giai tha. Xem 9.
Abs: Ham gia tr tuyet oi. Lu y rang phng phap a vao la khac
nhau tuy theo lieu ban dung Hien th t nhien hay Hien th tuyen tnh.
Xem 10.
Ran#: Sinh ra so gia ngau nhien 3 ch so be hn 1. Ket qua c
hien th nh phan so khi Hien th t nhien c la. Xem

11.
Ranlnt#: Nhap a, b vao ham Ranlnt#(a, b), ham sinh ra so nguyen
ngau nhien ben trong pham vi a ti b. Xem 12.
nPr, nCr: Ham chnh hp (nPr) va ham to hp (nCr). Xem

13.
Rnd: oi cua ham nay c tao nen t gia tr thap phan va roi c
lam tron tng ng vi so hien thi cua thiet at cac ch so hien th
(Norm, Fix hay Sci).Vi Norm1 hay Norm2, oi c lam tron ti 10
ch so. Vi Fix va Sci, oi c lam tron ti ch so a xac nh. Khi
Fix 3 la thiet at ch so hien th chang han, ket qua cua 10 3 c
hien th la 3,333, trong khi may tnh tay van gi gia tr
3,33333333333333 (15 ch so) ben trong cho tnh toan. Trong trng
24
hp cua Rnd (10 3) = 3,333 (vi Fix 3), ca hai gia tr c hien th
va gia tr ben trong cua may tnh tay eu tr thanh 3,333. Bi v ieu
nay mot chuoi cac tnh toan se tao ra cac ket qua khac nhau tuy theo
lieu Rnd c dung (Rnd(10 3) 3 = 9,999) hay khong c dung
((10 3 3 = 10,000). Xem 14.
Lu y: Dung cac ham co the lam cham viec tnh toan, ieu o co the
lam tre hien th ket qua. ng thc hien thao tac ke tiep nao trong khi
ch i ket qua tnh toan xuat hien. e ngat tnh toan ang dien ra
trc khi ket qua xuat hien, nhan .
V du
1
sin 30
o
= 0,5 30 0.5
sin
-1
0,5 = 30
o
(sin
-1
)0.5 30
2
sinh 1 = 1,175201194 (sinh) 1 1.175201194
cosh
1
1 = 0 (cosh
1
) 1 0
3
t/2 radians = 90
o
, 50 grads = 45
o

(t) 2 (DRG ) (
r
)
90
50 (DRG ) (
g
) 45
4
e tnh toan e
5
2 ti ba ch so co ngha (Sci 3)
(SETUP) (Sci)
(e
) 5 2 2.9710
2
(e
) 5
2
2.9710
2
5
log
10
1000 = log 1000 = 3 1000 3
log
2
16 = 4 2 (,) 16 4

log
2 16 4
6
e tnh ln 90 (= log
e
90) ti ba ch so co ngha (Sci 3)
(SETUP) (Sci)

90 4.5010
0
7
1,2 10
3
= 1200 1.2 10 3 1200
(1+1)
2+2
=16

1

1

2

2 16
(5
2
)
3
= 15625 5 15625

5
32 = 2 (
) 5 32 2

5 (
) 32 2

e tnh 2 3 = 3 2 = 4,242640687...) ti ba v tr thap phan (Fix 3)
(SETUP) (Fix) 2 3
3 2
25

4.243

2 3 4.243
8
e chuyen oi toa o ch nhat ( 2 , 2 ) sang toa o cc
(Pol) 2 (,) 2 r= 2, u=45
(Pol) 2 (,) 2 r = 2
u= 45

e chuyen oi toa o cc ( 2 , 45
o
) sang toa o ch nhat
(Rec) 2 (,) 45 X= 1, Y=1
9
(5 + 3) ! = 40320 5 3

(x!) 40320
10
|2 7| 2 = 10
2 2 10
2 7 2 10
11
e thu c so nguyen ba ch so ngau nhien
1000 (Ran#) 459
48
117
(Ket qua c neu ay ch vi muc ch minh hoa. Ket qua thc se khac.)
12
e sinh ra so nguyen ngau nhien trong pham vi 1 ti 6
(Ranlnt)1 (,)6 2
6
1
(Ket qua c neu ay ch vi muc ch minh hoa. Ket qua thc se khac.)
13
e xac nh so cac chnh hp va to hp co the khi la bon
ngi t mot nhom 10 ngi

Chnh hp: 10 (nPr) 4 5040

To hp: 10 (nCr) 4 210
14
e thc hien cac tnh toan sau ay khi Fix 3 c la cho so
cac ch so hien th: 10 3 3 va Rnd (10 3) 3
(SETUP) (Fix)

10 3 3 10.000

0
(Rnd) 10 3 3 9.999
Tnh toan thong ke (STAT)
e bat au tnh toan thong ke, hay thc hien thao tac phm
(STAT) e a vao phng thc STAT va roi dung man hnh xuat
hien e la kieu tnh toan ban muon thc hien

26
e la kieu tnh toan thong ke:
(Cong thc hoi quy c neu trong ngoac)
Nhan phm nay:
Bien n (X) (1-VAR)
Bien oi (X, Y), hoi qui tuyen tnh (y = A + Bx) (A + BX)
Bien oi (X, Y), hoi quy bac hai (y = A + Bx + Cx
2
) (_ + CX
2
)
Bien oi (X, Y), hoi quy logarit (y = A + Blnx) (ln X)
Bien oi (X, Y), hoi quy ham mu e (y = Ae
Bx
) (e^X)
Bien oi (X, Y), hoi quy ham mu ab (y = AB
x
) (AB^X)
Bien oi (X, Y), hoi quy ham luy tha (y = Ax
B
) (AX^B)
Bien oi (X, Y), hoi quy nghch ao (y = A + B/x) (1/X)
Nhan bat k phm tren ( ti ) cho hien th Bo soan thao thong
ke Stat.
Lu y: Khi ban muon thay oi kieu tnh toan sau khi vao phng thc
STAT, hay thc hien thao tac phm (STAT) (Type) e
hien th man hnh la kieu tnh toan.
a d lieu vao
Dung bo soan thao thong ke Stat e a d lieu vao. Thc hien thao
tac phm sau e hien th bo soan thao thong ke Stat: (STAT)
(Data).
Bo soan thao thong ke Stat cung cap 80 dong cho vao d lieu khi co
mot cot X, 40 dong khi co cot X va FREQ hay cot X va Y, hay 26
dong khi co cot X, Y va FREQ.
Lu y: Dung cot FREQ (tan xuat) e a vao so lng (tan xuat) cua
cac khoan muc d lieu ong nhat. Hien th cot FREQ co the c bat
len (c hien th) hay tat i (khong c hien th) bang viec dung
thiet at dang thc Stat tren menu thiet at.
1
e la hoi quy tuyen tnh va a vao d lieu sau:
(170, 66), (173, 68), (179, 75)

(STAT) (A + BX)

170 173 179
66 68 75

27
ieu quan trong: Tat ca d lieu hien a vao trong bo soan thao
thong ke Stat eu b xoa i bat k khi nao ban ra khoi STAT, chuyen
gia kieu tnh toan thong ke bien n va bien oi, hay thay oi thiet
at dang thc Stat tren menu thiet at. Thao tac sau khong c ho
tr bi bo soan thao thong ke Stat: , (M), (STO).
Pol, Rec, va a cau lenh cung khong the c a vao vi bo soan
thao thong ke Stat.
e thay oi d lieu trong mot o: Trong bo soan thao thong ke Stat,
chuyen con tro ti o co cha d lieu ban muon thay oi, a vao d
lieu mi, va the roi nhan .
e xoa mot dong: Trong bo soan thao thong ke Stat, chuyen con tro
ti dong ban muon xoa va roi nhan .
e chen them mot dong: Trong bo soan thao thong ke Stat, chuyen
con tro ti v tr ban muon chen dong va roi thc hien thao tac phm
sau: (STAT) (Edit) (lns).
e xoa tat ca noi dung cua bo soan thao Stat: Trong bo soan thao
thong ke Stat, thc hien thao tac phm sau: (STAT) (Edit)
(Del-A).
Goi ket qua thong ke
e goi ket qua thong ke, nhan khi trong bo soan thao thong ke
Stat va the roi nh bien thong ke (xon, Ex
2
v.v) ban muon. Cac bien
thong ke c ho tr va cac phm ban phai nhan e nh chung c
neu di ay. Vi cac tnh toan thong ke bien n, cac bien c
anh dau bang dau sao (
) la co san.
Sum: Ex
2,
E x
, Ey
2
, Ey, Exy, Ex
3
, Ex
2y
, Ex
4
(STAT) (Sum) ti
Tong tan so: n
, Trung bnh:
*
x , y , o lech chuan khong gian
mau: xo n
, yo, o lech chuan mau: xon1
, yon1
(STAT) (Var) ti
Gia tr toi thieu: minX
, minY, Gia tr toi a: maxX
, maxY
(STAT) (MinMax) ti
(Khi tnh toan thong ke bien n c la)
(STAT) (MinMax) ti
(Khi tnh toan thong ke bien oi c la)
He so hoi quy: A, B, He so tng quan: r, Gia tr c lng:
x ,
y

(STAT) (Reg) ti
28
He so hoi quy cho Hoi quy bac hai: A, B, C, gia tr c lng:
x
1
,
x
2
,
y
(STAT) (Reg) ti
Xem bang cho bat au cua muc nay cua tai lieu nay ve cac cong
thc hoi quy.

x ,
x
1
,
x
2
va
y khong phai la bien. Chung la cac ch lenh co kieu

nhan mot oi ngay trc chung. Xem Tnh gia tr c lng e
biet them thong tin.
2
e a vao d lieu bien n x = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5}, dung
cot FREQ e xac nh so lap cho tng khoan muc {xn; freqn}
= {1;1, 2;2, 3;3, 4;2, 5;1}, va tnh gia tr trung bnh va o lech
chuan khong gian mau.
(SETUP) (STAT) (ON)
(STAT) (1-VAR)
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 2

(STAT) (Var) ( x )
(STAT) (Var) (xon)
Ket qua: Trung bnh: 3. o lech chuan khong gian mau: 1,154700538
3
e tnh toan cac he so tng quan hoi quy tuyen tnh va hoi
quy logarit cho d lieu bien oi sau va xac nh cong thc hoi
qui cho tng quan manh nhat: (x, y) = (20, 3150), (110,
7310), (200, 8800), (290, 9310). Xac nh Fix 3 (ba v tr thap
phan) cho ket qua.
(SETUP) (STAT) (OFF)
(SETUP) (Fix)
(STAT) (A+ BX)
20 110 200 290
3150 7310 8800 9310
(STAT) (Reg) (r)
(STAT) (Type) (ln X)
(STAT) (Reg) (r)
(STAT) (Reg) (A)
(STAT) (Reg) (B)
Ket qua: He so tng quan hoi quy tuyen tnh: 0,923
He so tng quan hoi quy logarit: 0,998
29
Cong thc hoi quy logarit: y = 3857,984 + 2357,532lnx
Tnh gia tr c lng
Da tren cong thc hoi quy thu c bang tnh toan thong ke bien oi,
gia tr c lng cua y co the c tnh toan theo gia tr x a cho. Gia
tr x tng ng (hai gia tr, x
1
va x
2
, trong trng hp hoi quy bac hai)
cung co the c tnh toan cho gia tr cua y trong cong thc hoi quy.
4
e xac nh gia tr c lng cho y khi x = 160 trong cong
thc hoi quy c tao ra bi hoi quy logarit cua d lieu trong
3 , xac nh Fix 3 cho ket qua. (Thc hien thao tac sau
ay sau khi hoan thanh thao tac trong 3).
160 (STAT) (Reg) (
y )

Ket qua: 8106.898
ieu quan trong: Tnh toan he so hoi quy, he so tng quan, va gia
tr c lng co the ton thi gian ang ke khi co so ln cac khoan muc
d lieu.
Tnh toan phng trnh (EQN)
Ban co the dung thu tuc sau trong phng thc EQN e giai he
phng trnh tuyen tnh ong thi vi hai hay ba an, phng trnh bac
hai, va phng trnh bac ba.
1. Nhan (EQN) e vao phng thc EQN.
2. Tren menu xuat hien, la kieu phng trnh.
e la kieu tnh toan nay: Nhan phm nay:
Phng trnh tuyen tnh ong thi vi
hai an
(a
n
X + b
n
Y = c
n
)
Phng trnh tuyen tnh ong thi vi
ba an
(a
n
X + b
n
Y + c
n
Z = d
n
)
Phng trnh bac hai (aX
2
+ bX + c = 0)
Phng trnh bac ba (aX
3
+ bX
2
+ cX + d = 0)
3. Dung bo soan thao he so Coefficient xuat hien e a vao cac gia
tr he so.
e giai 2x
2
+ x 3 = 0, chang han, nhan bc 2, va nhap
cac he so (a = 2, b = 1, c= 3): 2 1 3 .
e thay oi gia tr he so ban a a vao, chuyen con tro ti o
thch hp, a vao gia tr mi, va roi nhan .
Nhan se xoa tat ca cac he so thanh khong.
30
ieu quan trong: Cac thao tac sau khong c ho tr bi bo soan
thao he so Coefficient: , (M), (STO). Pol, Rec
va a cau lenh cung khong the c a vao bang bo soan thao
he so Coefficient.
4. Sau khi tat ca cac gia tr ban muon a c a vao, nhan .
ieu nay se hien th nghiem. Moi lan nhan se cho hien th
mot nghiem khac. Nhan khi nghiem cuoi cung c hien th
se tr lai bo soan thao he so Coefficient.
Ban co the cuon gia cac nghiem bang viec dung cac phm
va .
e tr ve bo soan thao he so Coefficient trong khi bat k nghiem
nao c hien th, nhan .
Lu y: Cho du Hien th t nhien c la, nghiem cua phng trnh
tuyen tnh ong thi khong c hien th bang viec dung bat k dang
nao co cha .
Cac gia tr khong the c chuyen oi thanh k hieu k thuat
tren man hnh nghiem.
Thay oi thiet at kieu phng trnh hien thi
Nhan (EQN) va roi la mot kieu phng trnh t menu xuat
hien. Thay oi kieu phng trnh lam cho cac gia tr cua moi he so bo
soan thao he so Coefficient b oi thanh khong.
V du tnh toan phng thc EQN

x + 2y = 3, 2x + 3y = 4

(EQN) (a
n
X + b
n
Y = c
n
)
1 2 3
2 3 4
(X=) 1
(Y=) 2

x y + z = 2, x + y z = 0, x + y + z = 4

(EQN) (a
n
X + b
n
Y + c
n
Z = d
n
)
1 1 1 2
1 1 1 0
1 1 1 4
(X=) 1
(Y=) 2
(Z=) 3
31

x
2
+ x +
3
4
= 0

(EQN) (aX
2
+ bX + c = 0)

1 1 3 4 (X
1
=)
1
2
+
2
2
i

(X
2
=)
1
2

2
2
i

x
2
2 2 x + 2 = 0

(EQN) (aX
2
+ bX + c = 0)

1 2 2 2 (X=) 2

x
3
2x
2
x + 2 = 0

(EQN) (aX
3
+ bX
2
+ cX + d = 0)
1 2 1 2 (X
1
=) 1
(X
2
=) 2
(X
3
=) 1
Tao ra bang so t ham (TABLE)
TABLE sinh ra bang so cho x va f(x) bang viec dung ham a vao f(x).
Thc hien cac bc sau e sinh ra bang so.
1. Nhan (TABLE) e a vao phng thc TABLE.
2. a vao ham di dang f(x), bang viec dung bien X.
Hay chac a vao bien X ( (X)) khi sinh ra bang so. Bat
k bien nao khac hn X cung eu b x tr nh hang.
ieu sau ay khong the c dung trong ham nay: Pol, Rec.
3. ap lai li nhac xuat hien, hay a vao cac gia tr ban muon dung,
nhan sau moi gia tr.
Vi li nhac: a vao:
Start? a vao gii han di cua X (mac nh = 1).
End?
a vao gii han tren cua X (mac nh = 5).
Lu y: Hay chac chan rang tr End luon luon ln
hn tr Start.
Step?
a vao bc tang ( mac nh = 1).
Lu y: Step xac nh cach gia tr Start phai tuan
t tang len khi bang so c sinh ra. Neu ban
xac nh Start = 1 va Step = 1, X se tuan t c
gan cac gia tr 1, 2, 3, 4 v.v e sinh ra bang so
cho ti khi gia tr End c at ti
32
a vao gia tr Step roi nhan sinh ra va hien th bang so
tng ng vi cac tham bien ban xac nh.
Nhan khi man hnh bang so c hien th se tr lai man hnh
a vao ham bc 2.

e sinh ra bang so cho ham f(x) = x
2
+
1
2
vi mien 1
<
=
x
<
=
1,
c tang theo bc 0,5

(TABLE)

(X) 1 2

1 1 0.5
Lu y: Ban co the dung man hnh bang so ch e xem cac gia tr.
Noi dung bang khong the c sa oi. Thao tac sinh bang so lam
cho noi dung cua bien X b thay oi.
ieu quan trong: Ham ban a vao cho viec sinh bang so b xoa i
bat k khi nao ban hien th menu thiet lap trong phng thc TABLE
va chuyen gia Hien th t nhien va Hien th tuyen tnh.
Tnh toan bat phng trnh (INEQ)
Ban co the dung thu tuc sau e giai bat phng trnh bac hai hay bat
phng trnh bac ba.
1. Nhan (INEQ) e a vao phng thc INEQ.
2. Tren menu xuat hien, la kieu bat phng trnh.

e la kieu bat phng trnh nay: Hay nhan phm nay:
Bat phng trnh bac hai (aX
2
+ bX + c)
Bat phng trnh bac ba (aX
3
+ bX
2
+ cX + d)

3. Tren menu xuat hien, dung cac phm ti e la kieu k
hieu bat phng trnh va hng.
4. Dung bo soan thao he so Coefficient xuat hien ra e a vao cac
gia tr he so.
e giai x
2
+ 2x 3 < 0 chang han, a vao cac he so a = 1,
b = 2, c = 3 bang viec nhan 1 2 3 .
33
e thay oi gia tr he so ban va a vao, chuyen con tro ti o
Nhan se xoa tat ca cac he so ve khong.
Lu y: Cac thao tac sau khong c ho tr bi bo soan thao he so
Coefficien: , (M), (STO), Pol, Rec va a cau lenh
cung khong c a vao bang bo soan thao he so Coefficien.
5. Sau khi tat ca cac gia tr a la nh ban mong muon, nhan .
ieu nay se cho hien th nghiem.
e tr ve bo soan thao he so Coefficien trong khi nghiem ang
c hien th, nhan .
Lu y: Cac gia tr khong the c chuyen oi sang k phap k nghe
tren man hnh nghiem.
Thay oi kieu bat phng trnh
Nhan (INEQ) va the roi la chon kieu bat phng trnh t
menu xuat hien. Thay oi kieu bat phng trnh lam cho cac gia tr
cua moi he so trong bo soan thao he so Coefficien oi thanh khong.
V du tnh toan theo phng thc INEQ

x
2
+ 2x 3 < 0

(INEQ) (aX
2
+ bX + c)

(aX
2
+ bX + c < 0)

1 2 3

x
2
+ 2x 3
>
=
0

(INEQ) (aX
2
+ bX + c)
(aX
2
+ bX + c
>
=
0)
1 2 3
34

Lu y: Nghiem c hien th nh c neu
ay khi Hien th tuyen tnh c la.

2x
3
3x
2

>
=
0
(INEQ) (aX
3
+ bX
2
+ cX + d)
(aX
3
+ bX
2
+ cX + d
>
=
0)
2 3

3x
3
+ 3x
2
x > 0
(INEQ) (aX
3
+ bX
2
+ cX + d)
(aX
3
+ bX
2
+ cX + d > 0)
3 3 1

Lu y: Cac nghiem c hien th nh neu
ay khi Hien th tuyen tnh c la.
Hien th nghiem ac biet
All xuat hien tren man hnh nghiem khi nghiem cua bat phng
trnh tat ca eu la so.

x
2

>
=
0

(INEQ) (aX
2
+ bX + c)
(aX
2
+ bX + c
>
=
0)
1 0 0
NOT FOUND xuat hien tren man hnh nghiem khi khong co
nghiem cho bat phng trnh (nh X
2
< 0).
35
Tnh t so (RATIO)
Phng thc RATIO cho phep ban xac nh gia tr cua X trong bieu
thc t so a:b = X:d (hay a:b = c:X) khi cac gia tr a, b, c va d a c
biet. ieu sau ay ch ra thu tuc chung e dung RATIO.
1. Nhan ( RATIO) e a vao phng thc RATIO.
2. Tren menu xuat hien, la (a:b = X:d) hay (a:b = c:X).
3. Tren man hnh bo soan thao he so Coefficient xuat hien, a vao
cho ti 10 ch so cho tng gia tr c yeu cau (a, b, c, d).
e giai 3:8 = X:12, chang han, nhan bc 1, va roi nhap
cac he so (a = 3, b = 8, d = 12): 3 8 12 .
e thay oi gia tr he so ban va a vao, chuyen con tro ti o
Nhan se xoa tat ca cac he so thanh khong.
Lu y: Cac thao tac sau khong c ho tr bi bo soan thao he so
Coefficient: , (M), (STO). Pol, Rec va a cau
lenh cung khong c a vao bang bo soan thao he so Coefficient.
4. Sau khi tat ca cac gia tr a la nh ban mong muon, nhan .
ieu nay se cho hien th nghiem (gia tr cua X). Nhan lan
na se tr lai bo soan thao he so Coefficient.
ieu quan trong: Loi Math ERROR se xuat hien neu ban thc hien
tnh toan trong khi 0 la d lieu nhap cho mot he so.
Thay oi kieu bieu thc t so
Vao lai phng thc RATIO va la kieu bieu thc t so ban muon co t
menu xuat hien. Thay oi kieu bieu thc t so lam cho cac gia tr cua
moi he so cua bo soan thao he so Coefficient oi thanh khong.
V du tnh toan phng thc RATIO

e tnh X trong t so 1 : 2 = X : 10

(RATIO)

(a:b=X:d) 1 2 10

36

e tnh X trong t so 1 : 2 = 10 : X

(RATIO)

(a:b=c:x) 1 2 10

Mien tnh toan, so ch so va o chnh xac
Mien tnh toan, so ch so c dung cho tnh toan ben trong, va o
chnh xac phu thuoc vao kieu tnh toan ban thc hien.
Mien tnh toan va o chnh xac
Mien tnh toan 1 10
99
ti 9,999999999 10
99
hay 0
So ch so cho tnh toan
ben trong
15 ch so
o chnh xac Noi chung, 1 tai ch so th 10 cho tnh
toan n. o chnh xac cho hien th mu la
1 tai ch so t y ngha nhat. Sai so b tch
luy trong trng hp tnh toan lien tiep.

Mien a vao tnh toan ham va o chnh xac
Ham Mien a vao
sinx
DEG
0
<
=
x < 9 10
9

RAD
0
<
=
x < 157079632,7
GRA
0
<
=
x 1 10
10

cosx
DEG
0
<
=
x < 9 10
9

RAD
0
<
=
x < 157079632,7
GRA
0
<
=
x 1 10
10

tanx
DEG Nh sinx, ngoai tr khi |x| = (2n 1) 90.
RAD Nh sinx, ngoai tr khi |x| = (2n 1) t/2.
GRA Nh sinx, ngoai tr khi |x| = (2n 1) 100.
37
sin
1
x
0
<
=
|x|
<
=
1
cos
1
x
tan
1
x 0
<
=
|x|
<
=
9,999999999 10
99

sinhx
0
<
=
|x|
<
=
230,2585092
coshx
sinh
1
x 0
<
=
|x|
<
=
4,999999999 10
99

cosh
1
x 1
<
=
|x|
<
=
4,999999999 10
99

tanhx 0
<
=
|x|
<
=
9,999999999 10
99

tanh
1
x 0
<
=
|x|
<
=
9,999999999 10
1

logx/lnx 0 < x
<
=
9,999999999 10
99

10
x
9,999999999 10
99

<
=
x
<
=
99,99999999
e
x
9,999999999 10
99

<
=
x
<
=
230,2585092
x
0
<
=
x < 1 10
100

x
2
|x| < 1 10
50

x
1
|x| < 1 10
100
; x = 0
3
x
|x| < 1 10
100

x! 0
<
=
x
<
=
69 (x la so nguyen)
nPr
0
<
=
n < 1 10
10
, 0
<
=
r
<
=
n (n, r la so nguyen)
1
<
=
{n! (nr)!} < 1 10
100

nCr
0
<
=
n < 1 10
10
, 0
<
=
r
<
=
n (n, r la so nguyen)
1
<
=
n!/r! < 1 10
100
hay 1
<
=
{n! (nr)!} < 1 10
100

Pol(x, y)
x , x
<
=
9,999999999 10
99
2 2
x y +
<
=
9,999999999 10
99
Rec(r, u)
0
<
=
r
<
=
9,999999999 10
99
u : nh sinx
o' ''

|a|, b, c < 1 10
100
0
<
=
b, c
Hien th gia tr giay la chu e sai so 1 tai v tr thap
phan th hai.
o' ''

|x| < 1 10
100
Chuyen oi thap phan he o, phut giay
0
o
0'0
<
=
|x|
<
=
9999999
o
59'59
x
y

x > 0: 1 10
100
< ylogx < 100
x = 0: y > 0
38
x < 0: y = n,
m
2n 1 +
(m, n la so nguyen)
Tuy nhien: 1 10
100
< ylog |x| < 100
x
y
y > 0: x = 0, 1 10
100
< 1/x logy < 100
y = 0:x > 0
y < 0:x = 2n + 1,
2n 1
m
+
( m = 0; m, n la so nguyen)
Tuy nhien: 1 10
100
< 1/x log |y| < 100
a
b
c

Toan bo so nguyen, t so va mau so phai la 10 ch
so hay t hn (ke ca dau chia)
Ranlnt# (a, b) a< b; |a|, |b| < 1 10
10
; b a < 1 10
10

o chnh xac ve can ban la nh a mo ta tai Mien tnh toan va o
chnh xac tren.
Cac ham kieu x
y
,
x
y ,
3
, x!, nPr, nCr oi hoi tnh toan ben trong
lien tiep, ieu co the gay ta tch luy sai so thng xuat hien cho
tng tnh toan.
Sai so c tch luy co xu hng ln len trong lan can cua iem k
d va iem bung phat cua ham.
Loi
May tnh tay se hien th thong bao loi bat k khi nao loi xuat hien bi
bat k l do nao trong qua trnh tnh toan. Co hai cach e ra khoi hien
th thong bao loi: Nhan va e hien th v tr cua loi, hay nhan
e xoa thong bao va tnh toan.
Hien th v tr loi
Trong khi thong bao loi ang c hien th, nhan va e tr
ve man hnh tnh toan. Con tro se c nh v tai v tr ni loi xuat
hien, san sang cho viec a vao. Hay lam nhng sa cha can thiet
cho tnh toan va thc hien lai no.

Khi ban a nham vao 14 0 2 = thay v 14 10 2 =

14 0 2

(hay )

1
39

Xoa thong bao loi
Khi thong bao loi c hien th, nhan e tr ve man hnh tnh
toan. Lu y rang ieu nay cung xoa tnh toan co cha loi.
Thong bao loi
Math ERROR
Nguyen nhan: Ket qua trung gian hay cuoi cung cua tnh toan ban
ang thc hien vt qua mien tnh toan cho phep. D lieu cua ban
vt qua mien d lieu cho phep (ac biet khi dung cac ham). Tnh
toan ban ang thc hien khong hp le (nh chia cho khong).
Hanh ong: Kiem tra cac gia tr vao, giam bt so ch so, va th
lai. Khi dung bo nh oc lap hay bien lam oi cho ham, hay chac
chan rang bo nh hay gia tr bien ben trong mien cho phep oi vi
ham o.
Stack ERROR
Nguyen nhan: Tnh toan ban ang thc hien a gay ra kha nang
nhom so hay chong lenh b vt qua.
Hanh ong: n gian hoa bieu thc tnh toan e cho no khong
vt qua kha nang cua chong. Th chia tnh toan thanh hai hay
nhieu phan.
Syntax ERROR
Nguyen nhan: Co van e vi dang thc cua tnh toan ban ang thc
hien.
Hanh ong: Hay xem lai quy tac tnh toan.
Loi Insufficient MEM
Nguyen nhan: Cau hnh cua tham bien phng thc TABLE lam
phat sinh hn 30 gia tr -X can c sinh ra cho bang.
Hanh ong: Thu hep mien tnh toan cua bang bang cach thay oi
Start, End va nhng gia tr Step, roi th lai lan na.
Trc khi xac nh may tnh tay truc trac
Hay thc hien cac bc sau bat k khi nao loi xuat hien trong tnh toan
hay khi ket qua tnh toan khong phai la ieu ban trong i. Neu mot
bc khong sa c van e, hay chuyen sang bc tiep.
Lu y rang ban phai lam cac ban sao tach rieng cua d lieu quan
trong trc khi thc hien cac bc nay.
1. Kiem tra bieu thc tnh toan e am bao rang no khong cha
loi nao.
2. am bao rang ban ang dung ung phng thc cho kieu tnh toan
40
ban ang th thc hien.
3. Neu cac bc tren khong sa c van e mac phai, nhan phm
. ieu nay se lam cho may tnh tay thc hien mot trnh kiem tra
lieu ham tnh toan co van hanh ung khong. Neu may tnh tay phat
hien ra bat k bat thng nao, no t ong khi au lai phng thc
tnh toan va xoa noi dung bo nh. Chi tiet ve thiet at c khi
au, xem trong Lap cau hnh thiet at may tnh tay.
4. Khi au tat ca cac phng thc va thiet at bang viec thc hien
thao tac sau: (CLR) (Setup) (Yes).
Thay the pin
Pin yeu c ch ra bi hien th m, cho du a ieu chnh o tng
phan, hay c ch ra bi viec khong hien hnh tren man hien th ngay
sau khi ban bat may tnh tay. Neu ieu nay xay ra, hay thay pin bang
pin mi.
ieu quan trong: Viec thao pin ra se lam cho tat ca noi dung bo nh
cua may tnh tay b xoa het.
1. Nhan (OFF) e tat may tnh tay.
2. Thao vo boc nh c ve trong minh hoa va
thay pin, can than lap ung cc dng (+) va
cc am ().
3. Lap lai vo.
4. Khi ong lai may tnh:

(CLR) (All) (Yes)
ng bo qua bc tren!

ac ta
Yeu cau nguon: pin c AAA R03 (UM-4) 1
Tuoi tho pin xap x: 17 000 gi (hien th lien tuc vi con tro nhap
nhay)
Tieu thu nguon: 0,0002 W
Nhiet o van hanh: 0
o
C cho ti 40
o
C
Kch thc: 13,8 (C) 80 (R) 162 (D) mm
Trong lng xap x: 100 g ke ca pin
41
Cau hoi thng gap
Lam sao toi co the thc hien a va o va hie n th ke t qua theo cu ng
cach to i a la m tren mo en kho ng co Hie n th sach t nhien?
Ha y th c hie n thao ta c phm sau (SETUP) (LinelO). Xem
ca i a t cho ma y e biet them thong tin.
Lam sao toi co the thay oi c dang thc phan so sang dang thc
thap phan? Lam sao toi co the thay oi ket qua da ng th c pha n so
c ta o ra b i phe p chia cho da ng th c tha p pha n?
Xem muc Chuyen ket qua tnh toan e biet them thong tin.
Khac biet la the na o gia bo nh Ans, bo nh o c la p va bie n bo
nh ?
Mo i mo t trong ca c kieu bo nh e u ha nh o ng nh bnh ch a cho vie c
lu gi tam thi mot gia tr.
Bo nh Ans: Lu tr ke t qua cu a tnh toa n cuo i cu ng c th c hie n.
Du ng bo nh na y e mang ke t qua cu a tnh toa n na y sang tnh toan
kha c.
Bo nh o c la p: Du ng bo nh na y e ch a to ng ca c ke t qua cu a nhie u
phe p tnh toa n.
Bie n: Bo nh na y co ch khi ba n ca n du ng cu ng mo t gia tr nhie u la n
trong mot hay nhieu tnh toan.
Thao tac phm nao a toi t phng th c STAT hay TABLE sang
phng th c to i co the thc hien tnh toa n so ho c?
Nha n (COMP).
La m sao to i co the a ma y tnh tay tr ve cai a t ma c nh khi a u
cu a no ?
Ha y thc hien ca c thao ta c sau: (CLR) (Setup) (Yes)
Khi toi thc hien mot tnh toan ham, tai sao toi thu c ket qua tnh
toan hoan toan khac vi cac mo en may tnh tay CASIO cu hn?
V i mo en Hie n th sa ch t nhie n, o i cu a ha m du ng ca c da u ngoa c tro n
pha i co theo sau mo t da u ngoa c o ng. Kho ng nha n sau o i e
o ng da u ngoa c la i co the ta o ra nh ng gia tr kho ng mong muo n c
a va o nh mo t pha n cu a o i.

V du: (sin 30) + 15
Mo en S-VPAM cu: 30 15 15.5
Mo en Hien th sach t nhien: 30 15 15.5
Khong nhan ay nh c neu di ay se tao ra tnh toan cua sin 45.
30 15 0.7071067812
42
GIAI CAC BAI TOAN THUOC
CHNG TRNH TRUNG HOC C S
LP 6
I. So t nhien:

1. Tap hp cac so t nhien:
Liet ke so lien sau, lien trc cua mot so (dung phm ).
V du:
Tm cac so lien sau, lien trc cua 60
Giai
An 60 1 e tm so lien sau. Sau o, ta ch viec bam se
c so lien sau, tiep tuc bam se c so lien sau ke tiep, ...
An 60 1 e tm so lien trc. Sau o, ta ch viec bam se
c so lien trc, tiep tuc bam se c so lien trc ke tiep, ...

2. Phep cong va phep nhan
S dung cac phm tnh toan c ban (lu y ve gii han tnh toan cua
may va th t u tien cua phep toan)
Dung may tnh e tnh :
V du 1:
a) 2314 + 359
b) 2374 + 359
c) 2374 + 39
d) 2374 + 379
Giai:
a) An e ghi len man hnh
2314 359 va an Ket qua 2673
b) An e a con tro len dong bieu thc va dung phm
chnh lai thanh 2374 359 va an Ket qua 2733
c) An e a con tro len dong bieu thc va dung phm
chnh lai thanh 2374 39 va an Ket qua 2413
d) An e a con tro len dong bieu thc va chnh lai thanh
2374 + 379 va an Ket qua 2753

Ghi chu : May ch oc c mot so co 15 ch so, neu ghi dai hn
na may khong hieu
V du :
An 1234567893456789 1234567891234567 va an
May hien ket qua sai la 2222220 v may khong oc c ch so
th 16
43
V du 2: Tnh
345 + 45 + 7652 + 56
Giai
Nhap vao man hnh
345 45 7652 56 va an Ket qua:8098

V du 3: Tnh:
a) 269 38
b) 64 986
c) 76 (456+87)
d) (79 + 562) 94
e) (54 + 27) (803 +27)
f) 34 + 38 76 + 548 7 +79
Giai
C ghi y het tng bieu thc tren vao man hnh va an se c
ket qua. May Casio 500VN PLUS (va tat ca cac loai may tnh
khoa hoc khac) la may tnh co u tien nen cach tnh khac han cach
tnh cua may n gian (loai ch co phm +, - , , , %, , ...)
S:
a) 10222 d) 60254
b) 63104 e) 67230
c) 41268 f) 6837

V du 4: Khi an 1 2 3 th may n gian cho ket qua la
9 (may nay tnh 1 + 2 = 3 sau o tnh 3 3 = 9 ngha la an en
au may tnh ngay en ay)
Trong khi ay may tnh khoa hoc (co may Casio 500VN PLUS)
cho ket qua la 7
(may oc ca bieu thc roi ap dung th t u tien cac phep tnh
ung nh thay day lp hoc. Phep nhan, chia u tien hn phep
cong tr nen tnh trc 2 3 = 6 roi mi tnh tiep 1 + 6 = 7).
Rieng dau nhan lien trc dau ngoac th co the bo qua
76 (456+87) co the ch ghi 76 (456+87)
(xin xem them ghi chu phan phep chia va phep nhan trong cung
mot bieu thc tiep sau).
Dau ong ngoac cuoi cung (se an tiep e tm ket qua) cung
co the khoi an.
Bai (54 + 27) (803 +27) = (54 + 27) (803 +27)
= (54 + 27) (803 +27) = 67230.
c may tnh giong het sach giao khoa
44
Bai 34 + 38 76 + 548 7 +79 = 6837 c may tnh giong het
sach giao khoa (phep nhan u tien hn phep cong).
Ghi chu: Khi gap phep nhan co ket qua qua 10 ch so va di 15
ch so ma neu e lai yeu cau ghi ay u, v du nh :
8567899 654787
Ta co the lam nh sau:
Nhap vao bieu thc tren an ta thay ket qua
5,61014888310
12

An tiep 5,6101 12 (48882513)
Vay ket qua ay u la: 561014882513

Bai tap thc hanh:
1) Tnh cac tong sau:
a. 1364 + 4578 c. 7243 + 1506
b. 31214 + 1469 d. 1534 + 231 + 4056 + 4690
ap so:
a. 5942 c. 8749
b. 32683 d. 10511

2) Tnh:
a. 21 (649 + 123) c. (54 +16) (812 +12)
b. -21 649 +123 d. 8585869 9043
ap so:
a. 16212 c. 57680
b. -13506 d. 77642013367

3) Tm x , biet:
a. (x-27) 2 = 108 c. 19 x (4x-21) = 0
b. 3x (28+32) = 6 d. 943 (x+3) = 41
ap so:
a. 243 c. 5,25
b. 120 d. 20

4) Nam abcd Tran Hng ao viet Hch Tng S khuyen ran cac
tng s chuan b cho cuoc khang chien chong quan Nguyen
xam lc lan th 2. Biet rang ab la tong so thang trong mot
nam, con cd gap 7 lan ab . Tnh xem nam abcd la nam nao ?
ap so: 1284

Tnh toan giai tha
N: n! = 1. 2. 3 ... n
V du:
Tnh
45
a. 6!
b. 7!-9!
Giai
a. An 6 (x!) 720
b. An 7 (x!) 9 (x!) -357840

3. Phep tr va phep chia (kha tng t 2 phep toan tren)
V du 1 : Tnh
a) 269 38
b) 552 12
c) (1602 785) 19
d) 45591 (318 45)
e) (49407 3816) (318 45)
f) 315 387 9 476 17 59
Giai
ket qua. Dau ong ngoac cuoi cung (se an tiep e tm ket
qua) cung co the khoi an.

V du : Bai 45591 (318 45) co the ch ghi
45591 (318 45 va an
S:
a) 231
b) 46
c) (1602 785) 19 = 43
d) 45591 (318 45) = 167
e) (49407 3816) (318 45) = 167
f) 315 387 9 476 17 59 = 185
c may tnh giong het sach giao khoa (phep chia u tien hn
phep tr)

Bai tap thc hanh
1) Tnh
a) 8072 5769 S: 2303
b) (3472 3081) 17 S: 23
c) 6034 (306 + 125) S: 14
d) (9875 6540) (2682 2015) S: 5
2) Tm x , biet
a) 17x 595 = 1581 S: 128
b) 380 (2x + 75) = 105 S: 100
c) (6x12) 12 = 828 S: 1658
d) 1206 (2x+3) = 18 S: 32
46
4. Phep tnh hon hp
V du 1: Tnh
a) (49407 - 3816) (114 + 53)
b) 315 - 387 9 + 476 17 59
Giai
ket qua
a) (49407 - 3816) (114 + 53) = 273
b) 315 -387 9 + 476 17 59 = 1924
(Khi khong co dau ngoac th phep nhan, chia u tien hn phep
cong, tr)
phan 2 co noi dau nhan lien trc dau ngoac th co the bo qua.

V du 2 : 76 (456+87) co the ch ghi 76 (456+87)
Nhng phai phan biet rang:
Phep nhan tat u tien hn phep nhan thng do o phep nhan
tat u tien hn phep chia.
Ta hay xet v du sau
Neu ghi 36 3 (4 + 2) va an Ket qua la 72
Neu ghi 36 3 (4 + 2) va an Ket qua la 2
Cung vay 36 3 4 hoan toan khac vi 36 3 (4
Do 3(4+2) va 3(4 la phep nhan tat nen u tien hn phep chia
Quy nh nay ch ap dung vi may 500VN PLUS, Casio-500MS,
va cac may ho MS .
Vi cac may ho khac th phai theo hng dan cua may ho ay

Bai tap thc hanh
a) (145624 9872) (197 + 371)
S : 239
b) 405 564 12 + 21 78 18
S : 449
c) (512 137) (3567 29) (70423) (243+109)+217
S : 46296
d) (203 560 16 (3609+3491) 25) 19 .
S :359

5. Luy tha vi so mu t nhien:
a) Tnh gia tr cua mot luy tha
V du:
Tnh 2
5
, 3
7
, 5
2
, 7
3
Tm 2
5
: An 2 5 32
47
3
7
: An 3 7 2187
Lam tng t ta co:5
2
=25, 7
3
= 343
b) Tnh toan n gian tren luy tha(cong, tr, nhan, chia..)
V du:
Tnh
1 ) 2
5
+5
2
5-3
3

2) 2
4
.12-2
6
.9
3) 40 [25 (4 1)
2
]
An nh sau:
1) 2 5 5 5 3 (10)
2) 2 4 12 2 6 9 (-384)
3) 40 25 4 1 (24)
c) Tm ch so tan cung cua 1 luy tha

V du 1: Tm ch so cuoi cua 7
2005

Giai
Ta khong the dung may e tnh trc tiep c ma phai theo giai
thuat sau
7
1
= 7 7
6

= 117649
7
2

= 49 7
7

= 823543
7
3

= 343 7
8

= 5764801
7
4

= 2401 7
9

= 40353607
7
5

= 16807 . . . . .

Bang tren co the tao de dang ma khong can phai tnh toan vi chc
nang TABLE cua may nh sau:
+ Khi ong che o TABLE:
+ Tren may se hien f(X) chung ta nhap vao ham
7 (x)(do ay la luy tha cua 7)
+ An tiep : (Start?)1 (End?)9 (Step?)1
(Start la gia tr bat au, ta nhap la 1 (do bat au la 7
1
),
ket thuc la 9(do gia tr cuoi la 7
9
)
Theo tren, ta thay cac so cuoi lan lt la 7 , 9, 3, 1 chu k la 4
Mat khac 2005 = 4 501 + 1 7
2005
co so cuoi la 7

V du 2
Tm ch so tan cung cung cua 4
2008

Giai
Ta cung dung chc nang TABLE :
An . Nhap ham 4 (x) .
Roi an tiep (Start?)1 (End?)9 (Step?)1
48
(Start la gia tr bat au ,ta nhap la 1 (do bat au la 4
1
), ket thuc la
9 (do gia tr cuoi la 4
9
)
Sau khi thc hien xong ta c bang sau:
4
1
= 4 4
6
= 4096
4
2
= 16 4
7
= 16384
4
3
= 64 4
8
= 65536
4
4
= 256 4
9
= 262144
4
5
= 1024 .......................
Theo bang tren, ta de thay cac so cuoi lan lt la 4,6 chu k la 2.
Ma 2008 = 2 1004 4
2008
co so cuoi la 6

d) Phep ong d
Khi a chia b c d la c, ta viet: a c(mod b)
Ta co tnh chat sau:
) b (mod d c b a
) b (mod d b
) b (mod c a

Chung ta ng dung tnh chat nay trong viec tm so d cua phep
chia vi so b chia c cho bang dang luy tha qua ln

V du 1: Tm so d cua phep chia 14
7
cho 23
14
1
14(mod 23)
14
2
12(mod 23)
14
4
(12)
2
6(mod 23)
14
7
14 12 6 19(mod 23)
Ket qua so d la:19

V du 2 : Tm so d cua phep chia 2008
324
cho 1986
V 324 = 108 3
2008
2
484(mod 1986)
2008
4
484
2
1984(mod 1986)
2008
12
1894
3
1810(mod 1986)
2008
36
1810
3
1780(mod 1986)
2008
108
(1780)
3
556(mod 1986)
2008
324
(2008
108
)
3
(556)
3
1246(mod 1986)

Chu y : chung ta khong tnh thang so d cua 2008
4
chia cho 1986
c v ay phep tnh so d cua phep chia 2008
4
cho 1986 rat
de b hieu lam do neu ghi 2008
4
1986 va an may hien
8186072558 khien ta tng o la so nguyen , thc ra so ay la
8186072557.95
49
Do vay khi s dung may tnh ma gap ket qua la 1 so nguyen va
u 10 ch so th ta phai canh giac rang o co the khong phai la
mot so nguyen ma ch la 1 so thap phan b lam tron

e) Tm ch so hang chuc cua luy tha
Ta ch can dung ong d mod 100
V du: Tm ch so hang chuc cua 1986
9
1986
3
56 (mod 100)
1986
9
56
3
16 (mod 100)
Vay ch so hang chuc la 1

f) Tm so mu cua 1 luy tha:
V du : Tm so t nhien n sao cho 2
n
= 64
Nhap vao man hnh:

2 (x) (Start?)1 (End?) 9 (Step?)1
May se xuat ra 1 bang tra bang thay x=6 la gia tr can tm

6. Phep chia co so d:
a) Trng hp so b chia nam trong mien tnh c (<10 ch so)
Nh a biet: So b chia = thng So chia + So d
So d = So b chia - thng So chia
(vi thng ay la phan nguyen trong phep chia lay so thap
phan)
Do o e tm so d cua phep chia ta lam nh sau:
+ Nhap bieu thc va thc hien phep chia
+ Dung dau e chuyen ve gia tr thap phan (neu ang
che o MATH
+ Ghi nh phan nguyen cua ket qua (phan trc dau
phay(,) hay dau cham(.) )
+ Dung dau e chnh lai dau thanh dau - roi
chuyen ve cuoi phep tnh an them roi nhap tiep phan
nguyen a nh, sau bam
Lu y: e de dang thc hien thuat giai nay nen e may che
o Neu e che o may van thc hien c
nhng ta phai lam them bc 2, ong thi phai nh gia
tr nguyen, rat phc tap

V du 1:
Tm so d cua phep chia:
1. 13
4
4
3
2. 43
5
98756
50
3. 26
6
17889
4. 231
4
129
3

Giai
1. che o ghi va o ma n hnh:13 4 4 3
Ket qua thu c la:446,265625
Dung dau them vao cuoi phep tnh 446. Sau o dung
sa dau thanh dau .
Ket qua ta thu c 17
Lam tng t cac cau con lai.
ap so:
1. 17
2. 59515
3. 8524
4. 886707

V du 2: Tm so d cua phep chia 55296037 cho 793056
Giai
Ghi vao man hnh: 55296037 793056
Ket qua phep tnh: 69,72526
An e a con tro len man hnh sa dau thanh dau
va nhan 69 sau 793056 roi an
Man hnh tr thanh: 55296037 793056 69 575173

V du 3:
Tm so d cua phep chia 7781188255 cho 37568704
Giai
Ghi vao man hnh: 7781188255 37568704
Ket qua tnh: 207,11889
An e a con tro len man hnh sa dau thanh dau
va nhan 207 sau 37568704.
Man hnh tr thanh: 7781188255 37568704 207
4466527

Bai tap thc hanh
Tm so d cua cac phep chia sau:
a. 803868110 cho 3686645
b. 563648261 cho 6231202
ap so :
a. 179500
b. 2840081

b) Trng hp so b chia nhieu hn 10 ch so
Trng hp so b chia nhieu hn 10 ch so cat ra thanh nhom
51
au 9 ch so (ke t ben trai) tm so d nh phan 6a. Viet lien tiep
sau so d con lai toi a u 9 ch so roi tm so d lan 2, neu con
na th tnh lien tiep nh vay.
V du:
Tm so d cua phep chia 705369747425611 cho 345
Ta tm so d cua 705369747 345
Ket qua la 342
Ta tm so d cua phep chia 342425611 345
Ket qua la 1

Bai tap thc hanh
1. Hay ien vao o trong

So b chia 82849 74785 26391308
So chia 471 257 19 8274
Phan nguyen cua thng 11
So d 17

2.Tm so d cua phep chia:
a. 9130429 cho 4576 S: 1309
b. 64131261 cho 9485 S: 3176
c. 92549376 cho 4791 S: 1629
d. 93629500 cho 5743 S: 1371

7. Dau hieu chia het
Bo sung:
+ So nao va chia het cho 2 va chia het cho 3 th chia het cho 6
V du : 582 va chia het cho 2 (tan cung bang so chan) va chia
het cho 3 (co tong 5+8+2=15 chia het cho 3) nen chia het cho 6
+ So nao co hai ch so tan cung hp thanh so chia het cho 4 th
chia het cho 4
V du : 1896 co 2 so tan cung la so 96 chia het cho 4 th chia het
cho 4.
Nam nhuan (thang hai co ngay 29) la nam ma so ghi nam chia
het cho 4, tr nam tron the ky ma so the ky khong chia het cho
4. Hay cho biet cac nam 1600, 1700, 1900, 1991, 1992, 2000 co
nam nao la nam nhuan.
ap so : 1600, 1992, 2000

8. Boi va c
a) Liet ke boi cua 1 so
Cach 1: Dung vong lap
V du 1: Tm tap hp boi cua 120
52
Cac boi cua 120 la:
120 0 = 0
120 1 = 120
120 2 = 240
120 3 = 360
. . . . . . . . . . . .

V du 2: Tm tap hp boi cua 30
Cac boi cua 30 la:
30 0 = 0
30 1 = 30
30 2 = 60
30 3 = 90
. . . . . . . . . . . .
S dung may
Nhap vao may -2 (STO) (A)
(A) 1 (STO) (A) (:)30
(A)
An ket qua ra 0.
An tiep se ra cac gia tr boi so tiep theo (moi lan sau 2
dau mi la boi cua 30, con sau 1 dau la gia tr cua bien
em)

Cach 2: Dung chc nang TABLE cua may.
Vi cong thc boi cua a la ax , vi x la so nguyen

V du 1: Liet ke 5 phan t cua tap hp boi cua 25
An
Nhap vao cong thc boi cua 25: 25 (x) (Start?)0
(End?)5 (Step?)1 .
Cot th 3 ben phai man hnh chnh la cac boi cua 25
Lu y: cach 2 nhanh hn cach 1 v khong can bam phm bang .
Nhng han che la ch tnh c 30 boi so au tien
Mot so v du ve boi

V du 2: Tm cac boi so nho hn 2006 cua 206
Giai
An
Nhap vao cong thc boi cua 206:206 (x)
(Start?)0 (End?)10 (Step?)1 (ta cho gia tr cuoi la
10 v 2060 > 2006)
53
May xuat ra bang nh sau:

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
x
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
F(x)
0
206
412
618
824
1030
1236
1442
1648
1854
2060

Ket qua boi cua 206 nho hn 2006 la : 0, 206, 412, 618, 824,
1030, 1236, 1442, 1648, 1854.

V du 3: Tm boi cua 45 nho hn 2000 va chia het cho 35
Giai
An - 2 (STO) A
(A) 1 (STO) (A)
An e a con tro ve cuoi dong bieu thc ben phai, an tiep
(:)(hai cham mau tm) 45 (A) 35 (:)45
(A)
An Man hnh hien 0 0 0
Ngha la 45 0 35 = 0 va 45 0 = 0, do 0 35 = 0 suy ra 0 chia
het cho 35. Vay ta nhan 0.
Tiep tuc an va e y neu thay man hnh hien 45A 35 la so
nguyen th so nguyen hien ra trong lan an ke tiep chnh la so
thoa ieu kien bai toan
Ta e y thay khi an man hnh hien 7 9 315
Khi o 315 la so can tm, tiep tuc an nh the ta tm c 5 so na
thoa ieu kien bai toan la :630, 945, 1260, 1575, 1890 .
Khi thay ket qua ln hn 2000 th ngng an .
S: 0,315 , 630 , 945 , 1260 , 1575 ,1890 .

Bai tap thc hanh
1) Tm boi cua 103 nho hn 1000 .
S: 0, 103, 206, 309, 412, 515, 618, 721, 824, 927
2) Tm boi cua 215 ln hn 1000 va nho hn 2000 .
S : 1075 ,1290 , 1505 , 1720 , 1935.
54
3) Tm boi cua 32 chia het cho 48 , ln hn 500 va nho hn 800.
S: 576 , 672 , 768 .

b) Liet ke c cua 1 so
V du: Tm c cua 120

Cach 1:
An 0 (STO) (A)
(A) 1 (STO) (A)
An e a con tro ve cuoi dong bieu thc ben phai ,
An tiep (:) 120 (A)
Ta ch lay ket qua la so nguyen
An Man hnh hien 2
Ket qua : 60 (co ngha la 120 2)
An Man hnh hien 3
An Man hnh hien 4
An Man hnh hien 5
An Man hnh hien 6
An Man hnh hien 7
Ket qua :
7
120
(co ngha la 120 7)
An Man hnh hien 8
An Man hnh hien 9
Ket qua :
3
40
(co ngha la 120 9)
An Man hnh hien 10
An Man hnh hien 11
Ket qua :
11
120
(co ngha la 120 11)
Ta thay
11
120
< 11 nen ngng an
Ket qua
U (120) = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 20, 24, 30, 40, 60, 120}
vi 1;120 la 2 c so tam thng cua 120
55
Cach 2 :
Tng t phan b tren dung chc nang TABLE cua may.
Ta biet 1 so bat ky luon co 2 c tam thng la 1 va chnh no. Do
o ta ch can tm cac c con lai.Vi cong thc c cua a la :
a x,vi x la so nguyen dng ln hn 2 va nho hn phan
nguyen cua can x cong 1
V du: Liet ke c cua 300

An 300 17,32

Nhap vao cong thc ccua 300: 300 (x) (Start?)2
(End?)18 (Step?)1 .
Ta xem cot ben phai cua bang au nguyen th gia tr tng ng
cot au tien ben trai la c cua 300 va nh ghi them gia tr cuoi
la 300
Ket qua: c cua 300 la1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 10; 12; 15; 20; 25; 30; 50;
60; 75; 100; 150; 300.

Bai thc hanh
Tm c cua cac so sau
a) 48 d) 308
b) 52 e) 1980
c) 310 f) 7890

9. So nguyen to
V du: So 647 co phai la so nguyen to khong ?

Giai
Cach 1: Chia 647 cho cac so nguyen to 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19,
23, 29, (ket hp chia tren may va nhan nh cac dau hieu chia het).
Khi chia cho 29 th thng la 22, 3 . . . < 29 nen ngng chia va ket
luan 647 la so nguyen to.

Cach 2: Kiem tra mot so co phai la so nguyen to hay khong, bang
phng phap lap. au tien chnh may che o
An 1 (STO) (x) (Gan so 1 cho x)
An tiep (x) 2 (STO) (x)
(:) 647 (x)
An (3) |
.
|
\
|
3
647
c ket qua la 215,(6)
An lien tuc cho en khi x ln hn thng th dng(trong qua trnh
bam bam them e hien gia tr thap phan),
Trong qua trnh an phm bang neu thng tra ve gia tr nguyen th
56
dng ngay va ket luan so a cho khong phai la so nguyen to.Ngc
lai neu toan bo qua trnh eu cho thng la so thap phan th ket
luan so a cho la nguyen to.

Cach 3: Dung chc nang TABLE cua may
Kiem xem a co phai nguyen to khong.
Ta dung cong thc sau e kiem tra: a:x,
vi x la so nguyen thoa 3 s x s 61
Neu ket qua cot th 3 ben phai co gia tr la so nguyen th ta ket luan
a la hp so, ngc lai a la nguyen to.
Lu y: Cach 3 li ve thi gian bam phm, chung ta khong phai an
dau bang va ch nh cach 2 .Nhng no ch kiem c nhng so
nguyen dng nho hn 3721.
V du: Kiem xem cac so sau so nao la nguyen to.
a. 859
b. 417
c. 900
d. 1249
Giai
a.
S dung cach 2: au tien chnh may che o
An 1 (STO) (x) (Gan so -1 cho x)
An tiep (x) 2 (STO) (x)
(:) 859 (x)
An c ket qua la 286,(3)
An lien tuc cho en khi x bang 31 th c thng la
27,70967742 th ta dng (trong qua trnh bam bam them e
hien gia tr thap phan)
Trong suot qua trnh bam khong thay thng co gia tr nguyen. Vay
ket luan 859 la so nguyen to.
S dung cach 3:
De thay 859 khong chia het cho 2 do ch so tan cung la le
Ap dung thuat toan tren
An
Nhap vao cong thc:859 (x)
ay ta co the nhap x thoa ieu kien goc 3s x s 61.Tc la nhap
vao man hnh nh sau:
(Start?)3 (End?)61 (Step?)2 .
May se xuat ra bang,nhn nhanh qua cot th 3 ben phai ta thay
khong co gia tr nao nguyen.Do vay ta ket luan 859 la so nguyen to.
Tuy nhien cach nhap x tren cha phai toi u v x khong can phai ti
57
61. Ta co the thu gon mien gia tr cua x bang cach lay x
max
= phan
nguyen cua can x cong 1 ay x = 29,309.Ta lay x
max
= 30.
Do o ta nhap vao man hnh:
Bc kiem tra lam hoan toan tng t tren.

b.
De thay 417 khong chia het cho 2 do ch so tan cung la le
Ap dung thuat toan tren :
An
Nhap vao cong thc:417 (x)
ay ta co the nhap x thoa ieu kien goc 3 s x s61.Tc la nhap
vao man hnh nh sau:
Ta thay dong co x=3 gia tr cot th 3 bang 139 (nguyen)
Vay 417 la hp so.
S: c. Hp so
d. Nguyen to
10. Phan tch 1 so ra tha so nguyen to
V du: Phan tch 1800 ra tha so nguyen to
Giai
Ghi vao man hnh :1800 2 va an .
Ghi tha so 2
Thay ket qua la 900 con chia het cho 2 , nen ghi tiep vao man hnh:
2 Ghi tha so 2.
Thay ket qua la 450 con chia het cho 2 , nen an
Ghi tha so 2.
Thay ket qua la 225 khong chia het cho 2 ma lai chia het cho 3, nen
an va chnh man hnh thanh 3 an
Ghi tha so 3.
Thay ket qua la 75 con chia het cho 3 , nen an .Ghi tha so 3
Thay ket qua la 25 khong chia het cho 3 ma lai chia het cho 5, nen
an va chnh man hnh thanh 5 va an Ghi tha so 5
Thay ket qua la 5 con chia het cho 5 , nen an Ghi tha so 5
Ket qua: 1800 = 2
3
3
2
5
2
.

Bai tap thc hanh
Phan tch cac so sau ra tha so nguyen to 150, 1020, 700, 4620,
41580 .
11. c so chung ln nhat va c chung
Ap dung cong thc (a, b) = (a b, b) vi a > b.
58
V du 1: Tm c so chung ln nhat cua 75 va 60
Ta viet: 75-60=15
60-15=45
45 -15=30
30 -15=15
15-15=0
USCLN(75,30) = 15

V du 2: Tm c chung ln nhat cua 75 va 30
Ta viet: 75-30=45
45-30=15
30-15=15
15-15=0
USCLN(75,30) = 15
Cach s dung may e tm USCLN
75 (A)
30 (B)
Nhap vao man hnh
|AB| A:|BA| B
Sau o bam nhieu lan cho en khi xuat hien so 0, ta bam
them lan na th may a ra mot so khac 0. Vay USCLN (75,30) = 15
Sau khi co c USCLN,muon tm c chung ta ch viec tm c cua
USCLN (cach lam y nh 8b)

12. Boi so chung nho nhat
Can tm boi chung nho nhat cua A va B.
Ta ap dung thuat toan tren, tm USCLN cua A va B.
Roi ap dung cong thc tm BSCNN
BSCNN(A,B) =
) B , A ( USCLN
B A

Sau bai n gian phan so ta con co cach tm USCLN, BSCNN khac
na
V du 1: Tm BSCNN cua 75 va 60
S dung ket qua tren, ta thay: USCLN(75,60) = 15
BSCNN(75,60) =
15
60 75
= 300
Vay boi so chung nho nhat la : 300
Lu y: Sau bai phan so chung ta se biet them 1 phng phap tm
c chung ln nhat va boi chung nho nhat nhanh hn rat nhieu.
59
II. So nguyen:
1. Lam quen vi so nguyen am-Tap hp so nguyen:
a. Cach viet 1 so nguyen am tren may tnh:
e bieu dien mot so nguyen am ta ch can them dau vao trc
1 so nguyen bat ky
V du 1: An 3 (-3) oc la tr 3 (am ba)
V du 2: An 7 (-7) oc la tru bay (am bay)

b. Tm so oi cua 1 so :
V du: Tm so oi cua
a. 7 e. -13
b. -20 f. 23
c. 15 g. -40
d. -25 h. 19
Giai
a. An 7 (-7).Man hnh hien ket qua la -7.
b. An -20 (20).Man hnh hien ket qua la 20.
ap so:
c. -15 f. -23
d. 25 g. 40
e. 13 h. -19

2. Th t trong Z
a. So sanh 2 so nguyen
Ta lay 2 so can so sanh tr nhau neu ra so am (co dau tr) th so b
tr nho hn so tr, ngc lai neu ra so dng (khong co dau tr) th
so b tr ln hn so tr.
V du:
? 4 9; -5 -8; 5 -9; 6 -6
An may 4 9 (-5) vay 4 < 9
-5 -8 (3) vay -5>-8
Tng t, ta co: 5 > -9; 6 > -6

b. Tm x gii han trong 1 khoang:
V du: Tm x e Z:
1) -5 < x < 0 3) -3 s x < 1
2) -4 < x < 2 4) -2 < x s 3

Giai
1) An -5 1 (-4) (-3) (-2) (-1) (0)
Vay x la :-4;-3;-2;-1 (khong lay 0 do khong co dau bang)
2) An -4 1 (-3) (-2) (-1) (0) (1) (2)
Vay x la :-3;-2;-1;0;1 (khong lay 2 do khong co dau bang)
60
3) An -3 1 (-2) (-1) (0) (1)
Vay x la:-3(do co dau bang au);-2;-1;0(khong lay 1 do khong
co dau bang cuoi)
4) An -2 1 (-1) (0) (1) (2) (3)
Vay x la:-1;0;1;2;3(lay 3 do co dau bang cuoi)

c. Tnh toan tren tr tuyet oi
Dung phm e tnh gia tr tuyet oi
V du: Tnh
a. 7 d. 5 3
b. 7 e. 5 . 3
c. 5 2 f. 6 3

Giai
a. che o
An 7 (7)
che o
An 7 (7)
b. che o
An 7 (7)
che
An 7 (7)
c. che o
An 5 2 (3)
che o
An 5 2 (3)
Cac cau con lai lam tng t.

3. Cac phep tnh tren so nguyen
V du 1: Tnh:
a) (+475) + (+2345) + (+7643)
b) (7654) + (678) + (3167)
c) (4328) + (+975)
d) (+7653) + ( 674) + (+32) + ( 428)

Giai
Ghi vao man hnh nh sau va an sau moi bieu thc (vi dau la
phm con so am pha trc la dau )
a) 475 + 2345 + 7643 (S : 10463)
b) 7654 + (678) + (3167)
hay 7654 678 3167 (S : 11499)
61
c) 4328 + 975 (S : 3353)
d) 7653 674 + 32 428 (S : 6583)

V du 2: Tnh
a) 4568 (+671)
b) (+876) (345)
c) ( 43267) + (+123) (+598) ( 4179)
d) 567 + 8764 3456 + 45 28

Giai
Ghi vao man hnh nh sau va an sau moi bieu thc (vi dau la
phm con so am pha trc la dau )
a) 4568 671 (S : 3897)
b) 876 + 345 (S : 1221)
c) 43267 + 123 598 + 4179 (S : 39563)
d) 567 + 8764 3456 + 45 28 (S: 5892)

V du 3: Tnh
324 + 841 [112 (35 +79)] + 41
Giai
Ghi vao man hnh nh sau va an
324 + (841 (112 (35 +79))) + 41 (KQ : 1208)

V du 4: Tnh
a) (+ 456) (+8962)
b) (+243) (547)
c) (123) (+712)
d) (321) (345)
Giai
Ghi vao man hnh nh sau va an = sau moi bieu thc
a) 456 8962 (S : 4086672)
b) 243 547 dau am () trc 547ghi bang phm
(S : 132921)
c) 123 712 dau am () trc123 ghi bang phm
(S :87576)
d) 321 345 dau am () trc 345 ghi bang phm
(S : 110745)
V du 5: Tnh
a) (+ 456) [(+476)( 94)]
b) [( 38) + (875) (+65)] [(67) + 239]
c) (781123) 278
Giai
Ghi vao man hnh nh sau va an sau moi bieu thc
62
a) 456 476 94 (S : 259920)
b) 38 875 65 67 239
(S : 168216)
c) 781 123 278 (S : 182924)

III. Phan so:
1. M rong khai niem phan so:
a. Cach nhap phan so:
Dung phm e nhap phan so
Muon nhap phan so
b
a
, ta an a b
b. oi phep chia ra phan so:
Ta nhap phep chia bnh thng, bam may se t chuyen
c. oi so thap phan ra phan so:
Ta nhap phan so bnh thng, bam may se t chuyen

2. Phan so bang nhau:
a. S dung chc nang RATIO cua may
V du 1: Tm x, biet:
1.
15
x
=
18
6

2.
x
8
=
18
24

Giai
1. An (Ratio) 1(a:b=x:d)
Nhap cac he so:(a)6 (b) -18 (d)15 (x=-5)
2. An (Ratio) 2(a:b=c:x)
Nhap cac he so: (a)24 (b)18 (c) 8 (x=6)

V du 2: Kiem tra xem cac phan so sau co bang nhau khong:
a.
7
4
,
28
16

b.
12
21
,
15
28

Giai
a. An (Ratio) 1(a:b=x:d)
Nhap cac he so:(a)-4 (b) 7 (d)28 (-16)
Vay 2 phan so bang nhau
b. An (Ratio) 1(a:b=x:d)
Nhap cac he so:(a)-21 (b)12 (d)15 (-26.25)
Do -26.25 = -28 nen 2 phan so khong bang nhau.
63
Bai tap thc hanh :
1. Tm x,y,z biet :

6
5
=
12
x
=
y
15
=
24
z

An (Ratio) 1(a:b=x:d)
Nhap cac he so:(a)-5 (b) 6 (d)12 (-10) x=-10
An (Ratio) 2(a:b=c:x)
Nhap cac he so:(a)-5 (b) 6 (c)-15 (18) x=18
An (Ratio) 1(a:b=x:d)
Nhap cac he so:(a)-5 (b) 6 (d)-24 (20) x=20

2. Tm x biet:
a.
4
3
=
20
x
c.
9
x
=
36
16

b.
5
4
=
x
12
d.
x
7
=
39
21

ap so:
a. x = 15 c. x = -4
b. x = 15 d. x = -13

b. Viet phan so di dang phan so co mau so dng
V du: Viet cac phan so sau
28
19
,
13
5
,
37
6

di dang phan so co mau dng :
Giai
An 19 28 |
.
|
\
|
28
19

5 13 |
.
|
\
|
13
5

6 37 |
.
|
\
|
37
6

3. Rut gon phan so:
V du:
Rut gon phan so
323
221

Ghi vao man hnh 221 323 va an
Ket qua
19
13

64
Bai tap thc hanh
1) Rut gon cac phan so sau
a)
48
30
b)
840
448
c)
46 621
215 735
+

d)
42
265
21
13
12
e)
536
392
1
299 149

S:
a)
8
5
b)
15
8
c)
23
38

d) 2 e)
29
7504

4. Tm USCLN va BSCNN
Ta ng dung tnh rut gon bieu thc tren e tm USCLN va BSCNN
bang thuat giai sau :

B
A
=
b
a

(toi gian)
th USCLN cua A, B la A a
BSCNN cua A, B la A x b

V du 1: Tm USCLN va BSCNN cua 209865 va 283935
Ghi vao man hnh: 209865 283935 va an
Man hnh hien :
23
17

An e a con tro len dong bieu thc sa thanh
209865 17 va an Ket qua : USCLN = 12345
An e a con tro len dong bieu thc sa thanh
209865 23 va an Ket qua : BSCNN = 4826895

V du 2: Tm USCLN va BSCNN cua 2419580247 va 3802197531
Man hnh hien
11
7

An e a con tro len dong bieu thc sa thanh 2419580247 7
va an
Ket qua: USCLN = 345654321
An e a con tro len dong bieu thc sa thanh 2419580247 11
va an
Man hnh hien 2.661538272 10
10

65
ay lai gap tnh trang tran man hnh. Muon ghi ay u so ung, ta
a con tro len dong bieu thc xoa ch so 2 e ch con
419580247 11 va an
Man hnh hien 4615382717
Ta oc ket qua
BSCNN = 26615382717

V du 3:
Tm cac c nguyen to cua
A = 1751
3
+ 1957
3
+ 2369
3

Giai
May hien
19
17

Chnh lai man hnh thanh 1751 17 va an
Ket qua: c so chung ln nhat cua 1751 va 1957 la 103(la so
nguyen to). Th lai 2369 cung co c so nguyen to la 103
Suy ra A = 103
3
(17
3
+ 19
3
+ 23
3
)
Tnh tiep 17
3
+ 19
3
+ 23
3
= 23939
Chia 23939 cho cac so nguyen to , ta c 23939 = 37 647
(647 la so nguyen to)
Ket qua: A co cac c nguyen to la 37 , 103 , 647.

5. Quy ong mau so nhieu phan so
a. Cua 2 phan so:
Ta dung phng phap tm boi chung nho nhat e tm mau so
chung roi quy ong bnh thng
V du:
Tm mau chung nho nhat cua cac phan so sau:
a.
20
3
va
15
7

b.
21
4
va
18
5

Giai
a.
An 15 20 |
.
|
\
|
4
3

BSCNN (15,20) = 15 4 =60
Mau chung nho nhat la 60
66
b.
An 18 21 |
.
|
\
|
7
6

BSCNN (18,21) = 18 7 = 126
Mau chung nho nhat la 126
b. Cua nhieu phan so
Chung ta ap dung tm mau chung nho nhat vi 2 so roi lay ket
qua tm tiep vi so tiep theo, c vay cho en khi khong con mau
nao.
V du: Tm mau so chung cua cac phan so sau:
a.
5
2
,
25
3
,
4
1

b.
12
5
,
8
3
,
5
2
,
36
7

Giai
a.
An 5 25 |
.
|
\
|
5
1

BSCNN (5,25) = 5 5=25
Tiep tuc tm BSCNN cua ket qua vi mau con lai.
An 4 25 |
.
|
\
|
25
4

BSCNN (4,25) = 4 25 = 100
Vay mau chung nho nhat cua
5
2
,
25
3
,
4
1
la 100
b.
An 8 12 |
.
|
\
|
3
2

BSCNN (8,12) = 8 3 = 24
An 5 24 |
.
|
\
|
24
5

BSCNN (5,24) = 5 24 = 120
An 36 120 |
.
|
\
|
10
3

BSCNN (36,120) = 10 36 = 360
Vay mau chung nho nhat la 360
67
c. Viet phan so di dang 1 phan so co mau cho trc
V du: Viet cac phan so di ay di dang phan so co mau so 24

3
5
,
6
7
,
12
9

Giai
An (Ratio)1(a:b = X:d)
(a)5 (b) 3 (d)24 (40)
Vay
3
5
=
24
40

Tng t tren, ta co:

6
7
=
24
28

12
9
=
24
18

Bai tap thc hanh
1.Tm mau chung nho nhat cua cac phan so sau:
a.
15
7
va
25
8

b.
12
3
va
15
7

c.
21
5
,
18
3
,
15
2
,
20
7

d.
4
5
,
6
5
,
8
7
,
10
9
,
12
11

ap so:
a. 75 b. 60
c. 1260 d. 120

2. Viet cac phan so di ay di dang phan so co mau so 48

3
5
,
6
7
,
12
9
,
24
7
,
36
6

ap so
3
5
=
48
80
,
6
7
=
48
56
,
12
9
=
48
36
,
24
7
=
48
14
,
36
6
=
48
8

6. So sanh 2 phan so:
V du :
So sanh cac phan so sau:
a.
21
14
va
72
41

68
b.
135
38
va
344
251

Giai
a. An (Ratio)1(a:b = X:d)
(a)14 (b) 21 (d)72 (48)
V 48 > 41 nen
21
14
>
41
72

b. An (Ratio)1(a:b = X:d)
(a) 38 (b) 135 (d)344 |
.
|
\
|
135
13072
(96.83)
V 96.83 < 251 nen
135
38
<
344
251

Lu y :
+ Ngoai ra ta co the dung cach quy ong mau so nh tren a
hng dan e so sanh 2 phan so.
+ Ta con co 1 cach rat hay va nhanh la s dung phep tr 2 phan
so e so sanh

Bai tap thc hanh
1. So sanh cac phan so sau:
a.
23
19
va
73
51

b.
131
43
va
911
129

c.
325
91
va
275
66

ap so:
a.
23
19
>
73
51

b.
131
43
>
911
129

c.
325
91
>
275
66

7. Phep nhan-Phep cong-Phep tr tren phan so:
a. Tnh toan c ban:
V du:
a.
4
5
7
3
12
7
29
10
21
14
3
2
+
69
b.
35
14
123
34
+
c.
6
1
78
31
345
54
15
7
+
Giai
a. An 2 3 14 21 10 29 7
12 3 7 5 4 |
.
|
\
|
2346
1453

Tng t, ta tnh c :
b.
615
416

c.
897
53

b. So sanh 2 phan so
V du: So sanh cac phan so sau:
a.
15
8
va
17
9

b.
9
5
2
4
va
486
3
5

c.
9
2
va
4
3

Giai
a. An 8 15 9 17 |
.
|
\
|
255
1

Ket qua khong co dau tr nen ket luan
15
8
>
17
9

b. An 4 5 2 9 3 5
486 |
.
|
\
|
2
3

Ket qua co dau tr.
Vay
9
5
2
4
<
486
3
5

c. An 2 9 3 4 |
.
|
\
|
36
19

Ket qua co dau tr. Vay
9
2
<
4
3

70
Bai tap thc hanh
Tnh
a.
6
7
9
4
8
5
3
2
24
17
7
3
|
.
|
\
|

b.
4
7
9
7
11
3
7
5
4
3
9
6
|
.
|
\
|

ap so:
a.
84
83

b.
1386
961

8. Phep chia 2 phan so:
a. So nghch ao
V du:
a) Tnh
8
1
: an 8 Ket qua : 0,125
b) Tnh 8
16
1
: an 8 16 Ket qua : 0,5
c) Tnh
3
7
2
5
+ : an 5 2 7 3
Ket qua:
6
29
an tiep Ket qua : 4,8(3).

Bai tap thc hanh
Tnh
1
5
,
1
186
6
,
25 5 34
3
3 7 21
+
ap so: 0,2 ; 31 ; 8,(857142)

b. Phep chia phan so
V du: Tnh
a)
2
9
:
4
3

b)
3
2
:
6
5

Giai
a) An (Math)3 4 9 2 |
.
|
\
|
6
1

b) An (Math)5 6 2 3 |
.
|
\
|
4
5

71
9. Hon so :
Lap hon so a
c
b
an ( ) a b c
V du: Tnh
a. 1
3
2
+ 2
4
3
c. 2
8
7
: 1
4
3

b. 2
3
2
1
6
5
d. 3
9
4
: 2
5
3

Giai
a. An 1 ( )2 3 2 ( ) 3 4
|
.
|
\
|
12
53
|
.
|
\
|
12
5
4
Tng t:
b.
6
5

c. 1
14
9

d. 1
117
38

10. So thap phan:
Tnh 3, 375 + 7,425 - 4,5
Giai : An 3 375 7 425 4 5 Ket qua :
10
63

Bai tap thc hanh
Tnh :
a) - 5,125 + 4,635 + 4,625 - 1,135
b) 2,715 + 2
7
1
+ 6,5 - 2,436
c) 10,75 +
4
1
- 3
7
1
+ 0,12
ap so
a) 3
b) 8,9219
c)
175
1871

72
11. T so :
T so cua 2 so:
V du: Tm t so cua cac so sau:
a.
4
3
va 10 c.
3
7
va
7
6

b. 2 va
5
4
d.
9
4
va
4
7

Giai
a. An 3 4 10 |
.
|
\
|
40
3

Tng t, ta co:
b. 2
2
1

c. 2
18
13

d.
63
16

12. Phan tram
V du 1:
a) Tnh 26% cua 86
An 86 26 (%) |
.
|
\
|
25
559
Ket qua : 22,36.
b) Tnh 2,3526% cua 3000
An 3000 2.3526 (%) |
.
|
\
|
500
35289

Ket qua: 70,578.
c) Tnh 6% , 15% , 35% cua 3500
An 3500 6 (%) Ket qua : 210.
3500 15 (%) Ket qua : 525.
3500 35 (%) Ket qua : 1225.

V du 2:
Tnh t so phan tram cua cac cap so sau :
a) 45 phut va 2 gi b) 28 phut va 80 phut
c) 2454 m va 4 km
Giai
a) 45 120 (%) Ket qua : 37.5%
b) 28 80 (%) Ket qua : 35%
c) 2454 4000 (%) Ket qua : 61.35%
73
V du 3: Bai toan ve t le xch
Tnh ng dai thc te cua 2 iem cach nhau 3,5 cm tren ban o t
le 1/50000
Giai
Ghi vao man hnh
3.5 5 4 (175000)
hay 3.5 5 10 4 (175000)
Ket qua 175000 = 1,75km

Bai tap thc hanh
1) Tnh 9% , 18% , 38 % , 65 % cua 1250
S: 112,5; 225; 475; 812,5
2) So cay Lan , Hang , Phng moi ngay ti c lan lt la 28,
30, 40 cay . Hoi so cay moi ngi ti c trong mot ngay neu :
a) Nang suat lao ong cua Lan tang 25 %
b) Nang suat lao ong cua Hang tang 10 %
c) Nang suat lao ong cua Phng giam 35 %
S: a) 35, b) 33, c) 26

IV. So o Goc Cac phep tnh
Tnh toan khi man hnh hien D: an 3 (Deg)
Dung phm e ghi o, phut, giay va phm (hay ) e
chuyen phan le thap phan ra phut, giay.

V du 1: oi 455739 ra so thap phan va ngc lai
Giai
Chnh tren man hnh che o D bang cach an phm 3(Deg)
An 45 57 39 e ghi vao man hnh
455739 va an
may hien 45.96083333 (oc 45.96083333)
an tiep may hien lai 455739

V du 2: Tnh
a) 455739 + 345658 - 254251
b) 455739 7
c) 1345658 4
d) 1345658 254251
Giai
Ghi vao man hnh
a) 45 57 39 34 56 58 25 42
51 va an .
Ket qua : 5511 26
74
Giai tng t cho cac bai sau.
b) 32143 33
c) 3344 14,5
d) 5,248058247

V du 3: Bai toan ve gi, phut, giay (cung tnh tng t nh o, phut,
giay)
a) Tnh 2
g
47
ph
53
gi
+ 4
g
36
ph
45
gi

Giai
Ghi vao man hnh
2 47 53 4 36 45 va an
May hien:7
o
2438. oc 7
g
24
ph
38
gi

b) Tnh thi gian e mot ngi i het quang ng 100 km bang van
toc 17,5 km/g.

Giai
Ghi vao man hnh
100 17.5 va an
Ket qua 5
o
42'51,43"

c) Tnh ng dai d i c trong 5
g
42
ph
51
gi
vi van toc
17,5km/h

Giai
Ghi vao man hnh
17.5 5
o
42'51" va an
Ket qua d ~ 100 km

d) Tnh van toc di chuyen cua mot ngi biet trong 5
g
42
ph
51
gi
a
i het quang ng 100 km

Giai
Ghi vao man hnh 100 5
o
42'51
va an
Ket qua v ~ 17,5km/g

e) oi thanh o, phut:
V du: 17,25
o
=17
o
15 = 17
4
1
o

An 17.25 (17
o
150) |
.
|
\
|
4
69

75
Bai thc hanh
1) Tnh ra gi , phut , giay cac cau sau
a) 2 gi 45 phut 30 giay + (3gi 15phut 0 giay) 3.
(ap so: 12 gi 30 phut 30 giay)
b)
1
4
(4gi 40 phut 40 giay) + 2,5 gi
(ap so: 3 gi 40 phut 10 giay)
c) 40 phut 50 giay +
1
6
(6gi 36 phut 18 giay)
(ap so : 1 gi 46 phut 53 giay)
d) 150 phut 45 giay + 1,5 gi + 3600 giay
(ap so : 5 gi 0 phut 45 giay)
2) Tnh thi gian oto i het quang ng 450km vi van toc
48 km/gi .
(ap so : 9gi 22 phut 30 giay)
3) Trong 3 gi 30 phut 45 giay oto i het quang ng 160 km. Tnh
van toc oto.
(ap so : 45, 55 km/gi)
4) Tnh quang ng oto i c trong 4 gi 15 phut 30 giay vi van
toc 48 km/gi.
(S : 204,4 km)

LP 7
I. So hu t- so thc
Neu mi va chnh may an 3 (ALL) th may s dung dau
cham () lam dau cach gia phan nguyen va phan le thap phan
V du 1: Tnh
a) (6
2 5
3 7
+ ) (
8
11
+ 4
5
3
) + 4 (3 +
6 5
7 13
)
b) (5
7 15
13 11
)
3 8
9
7 3
(
| |

(
|
\ .

c) 7,2 [6,25 - (- 3,42) + 7,54] 9,83
d) (3)
2

e) 5
4

f)
5
5
7
| |
|
\ .

g)
4
3
4
| |
|
\ .

76
h) 2.41
3

i) (5.2)
4

Giai
Ghi vao man hnh y het nh e va an sau moi bieu thc.Ta
c ket qua
a) 16.8771... =
16894
1001
( ay, may khong oi ra 16
878
1001
khi an
c v phai dung hn 10 k t)

b)
898
39

Ghi chu: che o Khi ghi vao man hnh 4 3 2 hay 4
3 2 may eu hieu la
4
3
2 =
8
3
do dau u tien hn
phep nhan tat. Cung nh ghi
4 3t (trong che o Line) may van hieu
4
3
t = 4.1887, con muon
ghi
4
3t
th phai ghi 4 3 ( t ) (hay viet tat la
4 3 ( t ))va an e co ket qua 0,4244

c) 12.6055(khi ghi vao man hnh , dau ngoac [ c thay bang dau
( (v may khong co dau ngoac vuong)
d) 9
e) 625
f)
3125
16807
(khong c ghi vao man hnh 5 7 5
v may se hieu la
5
5
7
do phep luy tha u tien hn )
g)
81
256

h) 13,997521
i) 731,1616 (so am phai c at trong dau ngoac n)

V du 2: Tnh
a) 7
3

b) 10
6

c) 5 10
3
10
6

Giai
a) An 7 3
77
Ket qua 0.002915 = 2.915 10
3

b) An ( ) 6
Ket qua
1
1000000
= 0.000001 = 10
6

c) An 5 3 ( ) 6
Ket qua 5 10
9

V du 3: ien dau thch hp vao o trong
a) 0.5
22
40

An 22 40
Ket qua : - 0,55 ien dau >

b)
25
8

78
25

28
9

Lam tng t nh tren, ta ien dau >, >.

V du 4:
a) Tm x , biet
x 2 +
2
9
= 2
3
7

Giai
Dung may tnh 2 3 7 2 9
85
63

x 2 =
85
63

85
x 2
63
85
x 2
63

85
x 2
63
85
x 2
63
= +
= +

An 85 63 2
211
63
| |
|
\ .

85 63 2
41
63
| |
|
\ .

Vay
211
x
63
41
x
63

b)
6 1
5 x
=
7
5
+ 0,9
78
Giai

6 1
5 x
=
7
5
+ 0,9

6 1 7
0,9
5 x 5
6 1 7
0,9
5 x 5
= +
| |
= +
|
\ .

1 6 7
0,9
x 5 5
1 6 7
0,9
x 5 5
| |
= +
|
\ .
| |
= + +
|
\ .

An 6 5 7 5 0.9

10
11

Ket qua :
10
11

An e a con tro len dong bieu thc va sa lai thanh
(
6
5
+ (
7
5
+ 0.9))
1

Ket qua :
2
7

Bai tap thc hanh
1) Tnh gia tr bieu thc:
a)
1 7 3 5
2
4 15 7 3
| |
+
|
\ .
S:
2021
420

b)
5 3
2
7 8
| |
+
|
\ .
:
2
2 1 2 21
5 3 7 13
| | | |
+
| |
\ . \ .
S:
1187
336

2) ien dau thch hp vao o trong
a)
21
5

17
4

43
10
S:
21
5
<
17
4
<
43
10

b)
22
7

335
113
t S:
22
7
>
335
113
> t
c)
3
1
4

6
15625
10

2 2
6
6 5 10
2

S:
3
1
4
=
6
15625
10
=
2 2
6
6 5 10
2

3) Tm x, biet
a) x 3 + =
2
1
2
| |
|
\ .
+
3
2
3
| |
|
\ .
S:
35
x
27
197
x
27

79
b)
2 1
3
7 x
=
2
3
5
| |
|
\ .
+
3
1
2
3
| |
|
\ .
S:
1575
x
3967
1575
x
14317

=

c)
1 1
2x 5
=
9
5

3
2
S:
x 1
x 5
=

II. Luy tha cua mot so hu t:
V du 1:
Tnh
2
1
3
| |
|
\ .
an 1 3 . Ket qua:
1
9

3
3
2
4
| |
|
\ .
an 2 ( ) 3 4 . Ket qua:
1331
64

4
2
1
4
(
| |
(
|
\ .
(

an 1 4 4 .
Ket qua :
1
65536

V du 2:
Tm x, biet
a) x :
4
1
3
| |
|
\ .
=
1
9

Giai
An 1 9 1 3 4
Ket qua :
1
729

b)
6
7
2
| |
|
\ .
.x =
4
7
2
| |
|
\ .

x =
4
7
2
| |
|
\ .
:
6
7
2
| |
|
\ .

An 7 2 4 7 2 6
Ket qua:
4
49

V du 3:
Tnh (2,5)
2
. An 2 5 Ket qua :
25
4

80
(1,25)
3
. An 1 25 Ket qua :
125
64

Bai tap thc hanh
1. Tnh :
3
1
4
| |
|
\ .
;
4
2
3
| |
|
\ .
;
5
7
3
| |
|
\ .
;
2
2 1
3 7
| |

|
\ .
;
2
6
1
5
| |
|
\ .

S:
1
64
;
8
16
;
243
16807
;
289
441
; 25
2. Tnh (0,6)
2
(0,4)
3

1
36
10
2
8
2
10
3
. S: 0
3. Tnh
a) (2,5)
2
(1,5)
2

4
1
4
| |
|
\ .
+ (3,8)
2
S: 20,6768
b) (2,4)
2
+ 1,602 7,326 (3,2)
3
S: -15,2717
c)
3
3 3
1 1
8,5 (2,5)
4 6
1
(2,7) .(0,5) .5,4
8
+
S: 0,2413
4. Tm so n e N sao cho

n
n 1
1.02 n
1.02 n 1
+
<
> +

Dung may ta tnh
1.02
10
= 1.22
1.02
10
0 = 7.24
1.02
200
= 52.48
1.02
300
= 380.23
Ta thay 200 < n < 300
Tiep tuc th nh the , ta c
1.02
285
= 282.52
1.02
286
= 288.17 Ket qua n = 285

III. T le thc
V du 1: Kiem xem cac so sau co lap thanh t le thc khong:
a) 3 :19 va 5,13 : 32,49
b) 63:117 va 12,51 : 23,27
Giai
Cach 1: Chung ta co the nhap trc tiep an may se t n gian
va xem ket qua cuoi 2 phan so co bang nhau khong.
Cach 2: Dung chc nang Ratio cua may
81
a) An: (Ratio) (a) 3 (b)19 (d) 32,49
513
x
100
| |
=
|
\ .
5,13
Vay co the lap c t le thc
b) An: (Ratio) (a) 63 (b) 117 (d) 23,27
1253
x
100
| |
=
|
\ .
12,53
V 12,53 = 12,51 nen ta khong the lap c t le thc

V du 2: Tm x trong cac t le thc sau:
a) 7,6:(2x) =
3
7
: 3
1
5

b) 0,02:2,5 = (0,8x):0.8
c) 1
2
3
: 0,9 =
4
3
: (0,3x)
Giai
a) 7,6:(2x) =
3
7
:3
1
5
(7,6:2):x =
3
7
:3
1
5

3
7
:3
1
5
= (7,6:2):x
An (a)3 7 (b)3 1 5 (c)7,6 2
2128
75
| |
|
\ .
(28,37(3))
Vay x = 28,37(3)
b) 0,02:2,5 = (0,8x):0.8 0,02:2,5 = x:(0,8 :0,8)
An (a) 0,02 (b) 2,5 (d)0,8 0,8
1
125
| |
|
\ .
(8 10
3
)
Vay x = 8 10
3

c) 1
2
3
: 0,9 =
4
3
: (0,3x) 1
2
3
: 0,9 =
4
: 0,3
3
| |
|
\ .
: x
An (a)1 2 3 (b) 0,9 (c)4 3
0,3
12
5
| |
|
\ .
(2,4)
Vay x = 2,4

IV. Tnh chat cua day t so bang nhau
V du 1: Tm 2 so x va y, biet
x
3
=
y
6
va x + y = 11
82
Giai
Ta co:
x
3
=
y
6
=
x y
3 6
+
+
=
11
9

Nhap vao may: (a) 11 (b) 9 (d) 3
11
3
.
Vay x =
11
3

Dung dau sa lai thanh (a)11 (b) 9 (d) 6
22
3
.
Vay y =
22
3

V du 2:
Tm x, y, va z biet
x
6
=
y
2
=
z
4
va x + 2y + 3z = 23
Giai
Ta co :
x
6
=
y
2
=
z
4

x
6
=
2y
4
=
3z
12
=
x 2y 3z
22
+ +
=
23
22

Nhap vao may : (a)23 (b) 22 (d)6
69
11

Vay x =
69
11

An: (a) 23 (b) 22 (d) 4
46
11
.
Vay y =
23
11

An : (a)23 (b) 22 (d)12
138
11
.
Vay z =
46
11

V du 3: Co 24 t giay bac loai 2000 , 5000, 10000. Tr gia moi
loai tien tren bang nhau.Hoi moi loai co may t ?
Giai
Goi x, y, z lan lt la so t bac 2000, 5000 , 10000.Ta co he pt
sau:

x y z 24
2x 5y 10z
+ + =
= =

x y z 24
x y
z
5 2
+ + =
= =

Lam tng t tren, ta c z = 3, y = 6, x = 15
83
V. So thap phan hu han.So thap phan vo han tuan hoan
1. Viet mot phan so di dang so thap phan vo han tuan hoan:
V du: Viet cac phan so sau di dang so thap phan va di dang
thap phan vo han (neu c):

5
9
,
7
18
,
7
45
,
9
13

Giai
Nhap phan so bnh thng: 5 9
Roi an
Ket qua:
5
9
= 0,(5)
Tng t, ta co ket qua sau:

7
18
= 0,3(8)

7
45
= 0,1(5)

9
13
= 0,(592307).
2. Viet mot so thap phan vo han tuan hoan di dang phan so:
Cach 1: S dung chc nang chuyen oi co san cua may
V du: Viet cac so sau di dang phan so
0,(13) ; 1,1(12) ; 0,3(8) ; 0,5(2)
An 0 ( )13
13
99
| |
|
\ .

Ket qua ra: 0,(13) =
13
99

An 1 1 ( )12
367
330
| |
|
\ .

Tng t, ta co cac ket qua sau:
0.3(8) =
7
18

0.5(2) =
47
90

Han che cua cach nay la ket qua la 1 phan so toi gian (ke ca dau
ky hieu phan so) th may se khong bieu dien di dang phan
so.Cach sau tong quat hn va giai c vi moi so

Cach 2:
V du 1: Phan so nao sinh ra so thap phan sau:
84
a) 0,12
b) 1,345
c) 0,123123123. . . . . (ghi tat 0,(123))
d) 4,353535. . . . . . . . (ghi tat 4,(35))
e) 2,45736736. . . . . . (ghi tat 2,45(736)).

Giai
a) 12 / 100
b) 1345 / 1000
c) 123 / 999
d) 4 + 35 / 99 = 431 / 99 = (435- 4) / 99
e) 2 + 45 / 100 + 736 / 99900 = 245491 / 99900
= (245736 245) / 99900
(Mau so la cac so 9 va cac so 0 tiep theo, co bao nhieu so 9 la do
cum tuan hoan co bay nhieu ch so , co bao nhieu so 0 tiep theo la
do cum tuan hoan au tien cach dau phay bay nhieu ch so .
T so bang so a cho vi cum tuan hoan au tien khong ghi dau
phay tr cho phan khong tuan hoan khong ghi dau phay (tham khao
k v du e))
Ket qua bai e) khong oi ra hon so c v phai dung hn 10 k t.

V du 2: Tm ch so le thap phan th 105 cua phep chia 17/13
Giai
Thc hien phep chia 17 13 = 1.(307692) (thc ra la
1.307692307692...) Ta thay chu k la 6 , mat khac 105 3 (mod 6).
Suy ra ch so le thap phan th 105 cua phep chia 17/13 la 7.

V du 3: Tm so n e N nho nhat co 3 ch so biet n
121
co 5 ch so
au eu la so 3.
Giai
Ta khong the dung may e tnh n
121
vi n co 3 ch so, nhng ta
biet 123
121
, 12.3
121
, 1.23
121
co cac ch so giong nhau
Do o ta tnh 1.00
121
= 1 ; 1.01
121
= 3.3333. . . .
Ket qua n = 101

3. Cac phep tnh tren so thap phan vo han tuan hoan:
V du: Tnh
a) 1,2(34) + 2,(15) c) 4,2(51) 12,(7)
b) 15,(15) 16,1(16) d) 16,(22) 4,(11)
Giai
Nhap bieu thc tng cau giong nh e vi ( ) la phm
e ch phan chu k tuan hoan.
85
S:
a) 3,3(85) c) 54,3(249158)
b) 0,9(64) d) 3,(945)

Bai thc hanh
1. Viet cac phan so sau di dang so thap phan va di dang thap
phan vo han tuan hoan (neu c) :
a.
44
91
S: 0,(483516)
b.
59
87
S: 0,(6781609195402298850574712643)
c.
35
125
S: 0,28
d.
19
22
S: 0,8(63)

2. Viet cac so thap phan vo han tuan hoan sau di dang phan so
a. 0,8(945) S:
331
370

b. 0,82(345) S:
82263
99900

c. 0,13(456) S:
4481
33300

VI. Lam tron so
May co hai cach lam tron so
+ Lam tron so e oc (may van lu trong bo nh en 15 ch so
e tnh toan cho cac bai tiep sau) NORM hay FIX n
+ Lam tron va gi luon so a lam tron cho cac bai tnh sau FIX
n va Rnd
V du 1: An 17 13 sau o nhan may hien ket qua la
1,307692308 nhng trong bo nh th ket qua la 1,30769230769231
(may gi u 15 ch so va ch 15 ch so)
Neu chon FIX 4 sau o an phm cho en khi hien gia tr so thap
phan th may hen ket qua la 1.3077 nhng trong bo nh th ket qua
la 1.30769230769231 (may gi u 15 ch so) v the khi an tiep
13 ta c ket qua la 17.0000
V du 2: An 17 13 may hien ket qua la 1.307692308 nhng
trong bo nh th ket qua la 1,30769230769231 (may gi u 15
ch so)
Neu chon FIX 4 va an tiep (Rnd) th may hien ket qua
86
la 1.3077 va gi ket qua nay trong bo nh(ch co 4 ch so le va a
lam tron) v the khi an tiep 13 ta c ket qua la
17.0001

VII. So vo t - Can bac 2
V du 1: Tnh
a) 289
b) 15129
c) 5,4756
d)
225
361

e) 7
f) 1234
g) 35.17
h)
123
789

k)
3
45
l) 452 73 +
m) 789 38
n)
59
7
48

o) 74 + 5 8
3 62
14
19

Giai
Ghi vao man hnh y het nh e va an sau moi bieu thc
Dau phan so ghi bang phm
Ket qua
a) 289 = 17
b) 15129 = 123
c) 5,4756 = 2,34
d)
225
361
=
15
19
(ghi 225 361va an )
e) 7 = 2,6458
f) 1234 = 35,1283
g) 35.17 = 5,9304
87
h)
123
789
= 0,3948 (ghi 123 789 va an )
k)
3
45 = 5 2
l) 452 73 + = 22,9129 (ghi 452 73 va an )
m) 789 38 = 173,1531 (ghi 789 38 va an )
n)
59
7
48
= 2,8686 (ghi 7 59 48 va an )
o) 74 + 5 8
3 62
14
19
= 17,7732

V du 2 : Tnh gia tr cua bieu thc
A =
2 2
5 49
10 11 2
+
+

An 5 49 10 11 2
Ket qua: 1

Bai tap thc hanh :
Tnh gia tr cua bieu thc
A =
7
1
9
+
4
2
16
S:
17
6

B = 2
2
121 9
2 2 2 2
2 (3 2 )
10
S: 2 10
C =
2
13 144
0,0001

3 3
15 14
2,25
S: 79,(3)

V du 3:
Tm x , biet
a) 169x
2
= 121
x
2
=
121
169
x =
121 11
169 13
=
An 121 169
An 121 169
b)
2
4x
20
= 5 x
2
=
5.20
4
= 25
An 25
An 25
Ket qua: x = 5
88
c) x = 0,5
x = (0.5)
2

. An 0.5
Ket qua: x = 0,25
d) 2x 1 = 6,4
2x 1 = 40,96. An 6.4 1 2
x = 20,98
V du 4: Muon tnh
2
3
2
| |
|
\ .
th phai ghi vao man hnh
3 2 va an
Ket qua:
2
3
2
| |
|
\ .
=
3
4

Bai tap thc hanh :
a)
2
x
3969
=
2
25 10 S: 140,8723
b) (x
2
1) 49 = 312 S:
19
7
hay 2,(714285)
c) 3 x = 50,43 S: 282,5761
d)
2
3x 2 + = 29 S: 3

VIII. ai lng t le
V du 1: Cho biet x va y t le thuan . Hay ien so thch hp vao bang
sau :

x 4 5 6 6,3
y 12

Giai
Tm he so
An (Ratio) (a:b=c:X) 4 12 5 (15)
An va sa c lai thanh 6 roi tnh tiep c ket qua la 18
An va sa c lai thanh 6.3 roi tnh tiep c ket qua la 18,9
Ta c bang sau:

x 4 5 6 6.3
y 12 15 18 18.9

V du 2: Cho biet x va y t le thuan . Hay ien so thch hp vao bang
sau
89
x 3 - 4 5 7
y - 28 40 49.2

An (Ratio) (a:b=c:X) 7 -28 3 (-12)
An va sa c lai thanh -4 roi tnh tiep c ket qua la 16
An va sa c lai thanh 5 roi tnh tiep c ket qua la -20

An (Ratio) (a:b=X:d) 7 -28 40 (-10)
An va sa c lai thanh 49.2 roi tnh tiep c ket qua la -12,3
Ta c bang sau:

x 3 - 4 5 7 -10 -12,3
y -12 16 -20 - 28 40 49,2

V du 3: Dien tch hnh ch nhat bang 1600m
2
. Tnh o dai moi
canh, biet chieu dai va chieu rong t le vi 25 va 16.

Giai
Goi a , b la hai canh cua hnh ch nhat (a > b > 0)
Ta co
2 2
S ab 1600
a b 25 25 1600 16
a b b 1600 b
25 16 16 16 25
= =

= = =

An 1600 16 25
Ket qua: b = 32 m
Tnh a: An 1600
Ket qua: a = 50 m

V du 4: Tm x , y, z biet

4
x
=
7
y
=
12
z
va 2x + 3y + 4z = 1925
Giai

4
x
=
7
y
=
12
z
=
8
2x
=
21
3y
=
48
4z
=
8 21 48
2x 3y 4z
+ +
+ +

An (Ratio) (a:b=c:X) 8 21 48 1925 4
(100)
Bai tap thc hanh
1. Cho x, y la hai ai lng t le thuan . ien so thch hp vao o
trong trong bang sau

x -15 -13 -12 5 7
y 48 -60 -84 -108
90
S:
X -15 -13 -12 5 7 15 21 27
Y 60 52 48 -20 -28 -60 -84 -108

2. Chu vi hnh ch nhat la 2100m .Tnh o dai moi canh, biet t le
chieu dai va chieu rong lan lt la 20 va 15.
S : a = 600 m ; b = 450m
3. Tm x , y biet
x
17
=
y
32
va 2x + y = 1782
S : x = 459 ; y = 864
4. Tm x , y ,z , biet
x
5
=
y
9
=
z
13
va 6x + 8y + 9z = 4161
S : x = 95 ; y = 171 ; z = 247
5. Trong ABC so o cac goc

A, B, C lan lt t le vi 6,12,
36.Tnh so o moi goc .
S :

o o o
A 20 , B 40 , C 120 = = =

IX. T le nghch
V du 1: Cho biet x va y t le nghch . Hay ien so thch hp vao
bang sau

x -12 -7 -4 5
y 630 450 350 150

Giai
An -12 5 630 (-262,5)
An va sa -12 thanh -7 roi an c ket qua -450
An va sa -4 thanh -7 roi an c ket qua -787,5

An 630 450 5 (7)
An va sa 450 thanh 350 roi an c ket qua 9
An va sa 350 thanh 150 roi an c ket qua 21
Ta c bang ket qua nh sau:

x -12 -7 -4 5 7 9 21
y -262,5 -450 -787,5 630 450 350 150

Lu y: oi vi ham t le nghch lap t le thc theo hang ngang va
chieu b ao lai, con t le thuan ap dung theo hang doc.

V du 2: Ba oi may bm nc gom co 31 may (gia thiet cac may
eu cung cong suat), bm nc vao ba cai be co cung the tch. oi
th nhat hoan thanh cong viec trong 4 ngay, oi th hai hoan thanh
91
cong viec trong 6 ngay, oi th ba hoan thanh cong viec trong 10
ngay. Hoi moi oi co bao nhieu may ?
Giai
Goi so may bm cua moi oi lan lt la x , y , z (x , y , z
+
)
Ta co : x + y + z = 31. Do so may bm t le nghch vi so ngay lam
viec nen : 4 x = 6 y = 10 z
Hay
x y z x y z
1 1 1 1 1 1
4 6 10 4 6 10
+ +
= = =
+ +

=
31
1 1 1
4 6 10
+ +

Tm x:
(a)31 (b) 1 4+1 6+1 10
(d)1 4
Ket qua: x=15
Tm y:
An dung sa gia tr d lai la 1 6 roi an
Ket qua: y= 10
Tm z:
An dung sa gia tr d lai la 1 10 roi an
Ket qua: z= 6
Bai tap thc hanh
1) ien so thch hp vao o trong, biet x, y la hai ai lng t le
nghch

x -15 -12 6 9
y 1980 990 810 712.8

ap so:

x -15 -12 6 9 18 22 25
y -1188 -1485 2970 1980 990 810 712.8

2) Bon oi xe ch hang gom 61 chiec (gia thiet cung tai trong). ch
cung mot khoi lng hang t iem A en iem B. oi xe th nhat
hoan thanh cong viec trong 2 ngay, oi xe th hai trong 4 ngay,
oi xe th ba trong 6 ngay, oi xe th t trong 10 ngay.Tnh so xe
cua moi oi.
S: 30 , 15 , 10 , 6
92
X. Ham so
V du 1: ien cac gia tr cua ham so y =
4
x
vao bang sau
Giai
Ghi vao man hnh:
4 4.5 va an . Ket qua y =
8
9

An e a con tro len man hnh chnh lai thanh
4 3 va an . Ket qua y =
4
3

Lam tng t nh tren, ta c bang ket qua

X 4,5 3
2
3

2,4
2
3
5

4 3
Y
8
9

4
3

6
5
3

20
17
0,5774

V du 2: ien cac gia tr cua ham so y = 3x vao bang sau

x 5,3 4
4
3

2,17
3
4
7

5 7
y
Lam tng t nh tren, ta c bang ket qua

x 5,3 4
4
3

2,17
3
4
7

5 7
y 15,9 12 4 6,51
2
13
7

39,6863

V du 3:
Tnh gia tr cua ham so y - f(x) = 4x
2
+ 5 tai x = 1, x = 3, x =
1
4

Giai
An 1 (STO) (A) (Gan 1 cho A , dung A thay cho x)
An tiep (:)4 (A) 5
Ket qua: f(1) = 9
An sa lai la : 3 A : 4A
2
+ 5 an
Ket qua: f(3) = 41
An tiep a con tro ve au dong bieu thc, an e xoa 3 , an
(ins)e ghi chen vao man hnh
1
4
A : 4A
2
+ 5 an
93
Ket qua: f
1
4
| |
|
\ .
= 5
1
4
=
21
4

Bai tap thc hanh
1) Cho ham so y = f(x) = 3x
2
5x + 4.Tnh f(2) ; f(-4) ; f
2
3
| |
|
\ .

S: 6 ; 72 ; 2
2) Cho ham so y = f(x) =
2x 1
x 3
+
. Tnh f(0) ; f(-2) ; f(4)

ieu g se xay ra neu ban tnh f(3) ?
S:
1
3
;
3
5
; 9 ; vi f(3) may se bao loi Math Error .V f(x)
khong xac nh tai x = 3 .
3) Cho ham so y = f(x) = 2x 1 + .Tnh f
1
1
2
| |
|
\ .
, f(4) , f(40)
S: 2 ; 3 ; 9

XI. Thu thap so lieu thong ke
Goi chng trnh thong ke
An 2 (STAT)
Xoa bai thong ke 2(Memory) (Yes)
V du: iem cac mon hoc cua mot hoc sinh lp 7 c cho bang
sau :

Mon Toan Van S a L Sinh
Cong
nghe
Am
nhac
iem 8 7 9 6 5 4 8,5 6,5

1) Hay nhap d lieu t bang tren vao may tnh
2) Chnh sa d lieu bang cach
- Sa iem L thanh 7,5
- Xoa iem 4 cua mon Sinh hoc
- Them iem mon Giao duc cong dan la 8

Giai
2 (STAT)
Chnh hien cot Freq
1) 8 7 9 6 5 4 8,5 6,5
2) Sa iem L thanh 7,5
([ STAT]) 2 chnh ti gia tr th 5 roi nhap 7,5
Xoa iem 4 cua mon Sinh
94
Di chuyen xuong dong 6 co gia tr la 4 bam e xoa
Them iem mon Giao duc cong dan la 8
Di chuyen xuong dong khong co gia tr roi nhap 8
Xoa d lieu thong ke va nhap
Thoat khoi chng trnh :

Bai tap thc hanh
Cho bang sau

STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Gia
tr
1,25 2,4 3,7 -5 6,12
1
7

4
1
9

0,1 8

Hay:
a) Nhap d lieu t bang vao may tnh
b) Chnh sa d lieu bang cach :
- Them gia tr 3
2
7
vao bang d lieu
- Xoa gia tr - 5 va 0,1
- Sa 2,4 thanh 5
- Thoat khoi chng trnh thong ke

XII. Bang gia tr tan so:
V du 1: iem hoc k 1 cac mon hoc cua mot hoc sinh c cho
theo bang sau :
Hay :
a) Nhap d lieu t bang vao may tnh
b) Chnh sa d lieu bang cach :
- Xoa bt (5 ;2) va Tnh X
- Them gia tr (1 ; 2) vao bang d lieu .Tnh tan so
- Sa (7, 5 ; 5) thanh (8, 5 ; 6). Tnh tan so va X
Giai
iem 7,5 8 9 10 6,5 5 4 2
Tan so 5 4 7 5 3 2 3 1

An 2(Memory) e xoa thong ke cu
Vao chng trnh thong ke 2 (STAT)
Hien cot Frequency: (STAT) (ON)
a) Nhap d lieu t bang a cho
An 2(Data)
Sau o nhap vao bang nh sau

95
x
7,5
8
9
10
6,5
5
4
2
Freq
5
4
7
5
3
2
3
1

b) Xoa (5,2) dung phm di chuyen ti dong co gia tr (5,2)
roi an e xoa. Tnh X an (Var) 2
Ket qua: 7,71428
c) An 2(Data)
Dung phm di chuyen xuong dong cha co d lieu va
nhap vao d lieu mi la (1,2)
Tnh tan so : an (STAT) (Var) (n)
Ket qua: n = 30

d) An 2(Data)
Dung phm di chuyen xuong dong co d lieu (7,5;5).
Ngay o 7,5 nhap 8,5 roi dung cac phm mui ten di chuyen sang
ben phai (ngang vi gia tr va sa) sa 5 lai thanh 6.
Tnh X an (Var) 2
Ket qua: 7,4677419
Tnh tan so : an (STAT) (Var) (n)
Ket qua: n=31

V du 2: Mot xa thu thi ban sung. Ket qua so lan ban va iem so
c ghi nh sau

iem 4 5 6 7 8 9
Lan ban 8 14 3 12 9 13
Tnh:
a) Tong so lan ban
b) Tong so iem
c) So iem trung bnh cho moi lan ban
Giai
Xoa bai thong ke cu
An 2(Memory) (Yes)
Vao che o thong ke : 2 (STAT)
Hien cot Frequency: (STAT) (ON)
96
An (STAT) 2 (Data).Sau o,nhap d lieu t bang a cho
Sau khi nhap xong, man hnh se co dang sau:

x
4
5
6
7
8
9
Freq
8
14
3
12
9
13

a) Tong so lan ban la n = 59: An (59)
b) Tm tong so iem (STAT) (Sum) ( x
)
Ket qua: Tong so iem la 393
c) Tm so trung bnh: An (STAT) (var) ( x )
Ket qua: iem trung bnh la 6,66
(Muon tm lai tong so lan ban th an (STAT) (var) (n)

Ghi chu: Muon tnh them o lech tieu chuan va phng sai, ta thc
hien nh sau :
Sau khi a nhap xong d lieu, an
(STAT) (var) (X
n
o )
Ket qua: X
n
o =1,7718
An tiep
Ket qua: Phng sai X
n
o = 3,1393

XIII. Bai toan ve n thc, a thc:
V du 1:
So 3 co phai la nghiem cua a thc sau khong?
3x
4
5x
3
+ 7x
2
8x 465 = 0
Giai
An 3 (STO) (A)
Ghi vao man hnh
3 (A) 4 5 (A) 7 (A)
8 (A) 465
Va an man hnh hien. Ket qua: 0
Vay 3 ung la nghiem cua a thc tren.
V du 2: Tnh gia tr cua y = 5x
2
3x + 4 tai x = -2, x = 3

Giai
An 2 (STO) (x) (:) 5 (x)
3 (x) 4
97
Ket qua: 30
Vi x = 3 an tiep e a con tro ve au dong, an e xoa
dau , an 3 ghi e len , ta co man hnh:
3 X : 5X
2
3X + 4, an .
Ket qua: 40
V du 3: Tnh gia tr cua 3xy
2
+ 2x
2
y
3
tai x =
1
2
, y = 4.
An 1 2 (STO) (X) (Gan
1
2
cho X)
4 (STO) (Y) (Gan- 4 cho Y)
An tiep 3 (x) (Y) 2 (x)
(Y)
Ket qua: -8
V du 4: I =
2 3
2
3x y 2xz 5xyz
6xy xz
+
+
Vi x = 2,41; y = - 3,17; z =
4
3

Giai
An 2.41 (STO) (X)
-3.17 (STO) (Y)
4 3 (STO) (A)

Sau o ghi vao man hnh :
(3X
2
Y 2XA
3
+ 5XYA) (6XY
2
+ XA)
va an
Ket qua: I = 0,7918

Bai tap thc hanh
1) Tnh gia tr cua a = 2x
3
4x
2
+ x 5 tai x = 1, x = 5
S: 12 ; 150
2) Tnh gia tr cua B = 4xy
2
+ 3x
2
y y
3
tai x =
1
2
va y = 3; x = 4 va
y = 2
S:
27
4
; 152
3) Tnh gia tr cua C = 4xyz + xy
2
z
3
2xz tai x =
1
2
, y = 2, z = 3
S: 39
4) Tnh D =
2
2
x yz
xy y z +
tai x = 1 , y = 2 , z = 4
S:
4
9

98
x
3
2
4
y
y
x
1
O
x
y
XIV. Hnh hoc
1. Goc oi nh va so le trong:
V du 1:

Cho
2
O = 60
o
. Hay tnh so o cac goc con lai.
Giai
Ta co:
2
O +
3
O = 180
o
(V
2
O va
3
O ke bu)

3
O = 180
o
60
o

An (Deg)
An tiep 180 60 . Ket qua: 120
o

Vay
3
O = 120
o

Tnh
1
O : V
1
O va
3
O la 2 goc oi nh nen ta co:
1
O =
3
O = 120
o
.
Tng t:
2
O va
4
O la 2 goc oi nh, suy ra:
2
O =
4
O = 60
o
.
V du 2: Cho x // y,
1
O = 55
o
, tam giac BOD can tai O.

Hay tnh cac goc con lai tren hnh.
A
1
C
1
2
2
4 4 3
3
1 1
3
B
4
2
4
2
3
D
O
1
2
99
Giai
Ta co:
1
O =
2
O (oi nh)

4
D =
4
C =
4
B =
4
A =
o o
180 55
2
= 62
o
30
=
2
A =
2
D =
2
C =
2
B
(Do tam giac BOD can va tnh chat so le trong)
Dung may tnh: an 180 55 2
Ket qua: 62
o
30
Ta co :

1 1 3 3 1 3 1 3
D A D A C C B B = = = = = = = = (180
o
62
o
30) = 117
o
30
Dung may tnh : an 180 62 30
Ket qua: 117
o
30

Bai tap thc hanh

1) Cho
A = 110
o
, tam giac OAB can tai A, tam giac COB can tai O,
COA = 125
o
, OK la phan giac goc
COB.Tnh cac goc con lai.

S:
1
B =
2
O = 35
o
,
COB = 90
o
,
3
O =
COK = 45
o
,

1
O = 55
o
,
1
K =
2
K = 90
o

2) Cho x z, y z, tam giac OAB vuong can tai O.Tnh so o cac
goc tren hnh

100

S:
1
A

=
3
A

= 45
O
;
2
A

=
4
A

= 135
O
;
1
B

=
4
B

= 90
O
;

2
B

=
3
B

=
5
B

=
6
B

= 45
O

2. nh ly Pitago
V du 1: Cho tam giac vuong ABC co hai canh goc vuong
AB = 12cm ; AC = 5cm. Tnh canh huyen BC ?
Giai
AB
2
+ AC
2
= BC
2

BC =
2 2
12 5 + = 13cm
An 12 5 an
Ket qua: 13cm

V du 2: Cho tam giac ABC co AH BC, AB = 5 , BH= 3, BC = 10.
Hay tnh AH , AC

Giai
Theo nh l Pitago , ta co
Trong tam giac ABH : AB
2
= AH
2
+ BH
2

AH
2
= AB
2
BH
2

4
A

B
4
3
2 1
1
2
3
5
6
x
y
O
z
A
H
B C
101
A M
D
N
C
B
AH =
2 2
5 3
Dung may tnh: An 5 3
An Ket qua : AH = 4
Suy ra: HC = BC - BH = 7
Ap dung Pitago trong tam giac AHC, ta co:
AC
2
= AH
2
+ HC
2
= 4
2
+ 7
2
= 65
An 4 7
Ket qua: AC = 65 = 8,0623

Bai tap thc hanh

Cho cac tam giac vuong ABM, DMN, CNB nh hnh ve, co AB = BC
= AD = CD = 8, AM = 5, DN = 4 .Tnh chu vi tam giac BMN (Danh
cho HS lp 7 cha hoc hnh vuong)
S: 23,3783

3. Quan he gia goc va cach oi dien trong mot tam giac:
V du:
Cho tam giac ABC co :
a)
C = 70
o
16 ,
B = 46
o
25
b)
A = 60,5
o
,
C = 51,5
o

Hay so sanh o dai cac canh cua tam giac ABC trong hai trng
hp tren
Giai
a) Tnh goc A :
A = 180
o
(

B +
C)
An 180 46 25 70 16
Ket qua:
A = 63
o
19

C >
A >
B . Vay AB > BC > AC

b) Tng t, ta co:
B = 68
o

C <
A <
B . Vay AB < BC < AC

102
Bai tap thc hanh
So sanh cac canh cua tam giac CDE trong cac trng hp sau
a)
C = 75
o
,
E = 49
o

b)
D = 57
o
30 ,
E = 64
o
50
c)
C = 37,5
o
,
D = 80,9
o

4. Tnh chat 3 ng trung tuyen:
V du: Cho tam giac ABC vuong tai B, AB = 9 , BC = 12 .
Hay tnh khoang cach t trong tam G en trung iem cua cac canh

Giai
Ap dung nh ly Pitago trong tam giac ABC
AC =
2 2
BC AB + =
2 2
9 12 +
An 9 12 Ket qua :225
An tiep . Ket qua : AC = 15
GM =
1
3
BM =
1
3

1
2
AC =
1
6
15 = 2.5
Ta co: AN =
2 2
AB BN +
GN =
1
3
AN =
1
3
2 2
9 6 +
An 1 3 9 6
Ket qua: 3.6055
GK =
1
3
CK =
1
3
2 2
4.5 12 +
An 1 3 3 12 17 (4.1231)

Bai tap thc hanh
Cho tam giac ABC vuong tai C, CB = 16, AB = 20. Tnh khoang
cach t trong tam G en ba nh cua tam giac ABC.
S: Goi GH,GI,GJ lan lt la khoang cach t G en cac canh AC,
BC, AB. Ta tnh c: GH =
16
3
, GI = 4, GJ =
16
5

A
G
M
N
C
B
K
103
LP 8
AI SO
I. PHEP NHAN VA PHEP CHIA CAC A THC
1. Nhan n thc vi a thc
V du 1: Tnh gia tr cua a thc A = x(x + y) y(x + y) tai x = 2, y = 1
Giai
Trong che o
An 2 (STO) (X) (Gan 2 cho X).
An 1 (STO) (Y) (Gan 1 cho Y).
An
Nhap bieu thc: x(x + y) y(x + y) vao man hnh.
An (X) (X) (Y)
(Y) (X) (Y)
Ket qua: A = 3.

V du 2: Tnh gia tr cua bieu thc x
2
2xy + 4z y
2
tai x = 1 ;
y = 1 ; z = 1.
Giai
Thay x, y, z bang A, B, C. Ta gan 1 cho A, B, C.
1 (STO) (A) (Gan 1 cho A).
1 (STO) (B) (Gan 1 cho B).
1 (STO) (C) (Gan 1 cho C).
Nhap bieu thc vao man hnh
2 2
2 4 A AB C B +
An (A) 2 (A) (B) 4 (C)
(B)
Ket qua: 2

Chu y: Neu bieu thc co nhieu an hn ta cung lan lt gan cho A, B,
C, . . . , M (9 an) e tnh gia tr cua bieu thc.

V du 3: Cho a thc
Px = x + ax
4
+ bx
3
+ cx
2
+ dx + c,
biet P(1) = 1
P(2) = 4
P(3 ) = 9
P(4) = 16
P(5) = 25
a) Tnh P(6) , P(7).
b) Viet lai P(x) vi he so la cac so nguyen.
104
Giai
Ta co
a) P(x) = (x 1)(x 2)(x 3)(x 4)(x 5) + x
2

Do o P(6) = (6 1)(6 2)(6 3)(6 4)(6 5) + 6
2

= 5 4 3 2 1 + 6
2
= 156
Tng t P(7) = 769
b) Thc hien phep tnh.
P(x) = (x 1)(x 2)(x 3)(x 4)(x 5) + x
2

P(x) = x
5
15x
4
+ 85x
3
224x
2
+ 274x 120.

V du 4: Chng to bieu thc khong phu thuoc vao x
Q = x
2
(2x + 1) 2x(x
2
+ x) + x
2
+ 7
Giai
Ta co Q = x
2
(2x + 1) 2x(x
2
+ x) + x
2
+ 7
= 2x
3
+ x
2
2x
3
2x
2
+ x
2
+ 7 = 7
Vay Q = 7 (khong phu thuoc vao gia tr x)
Dung chc nang bang (Table) ta minh hoa s khong phu thuoc vao
x cua Q = x
2
(2x + 1) 2x(x
2
+ x) + x
2
+ 7.
An 4 (Vao mode Table)
Nhap ham f(x) = x
2
(2x + 1) 2x(x
2
+ x) + x
2
+ 7
An (X) 2 (X) 1 2 (X)
(X) (X) (X) 7
May hoi gia tr bat au (Start?) nhap 1
May hoi gia tr ket thuc (End ?) nhap 30
May hoi moi gia tr x cach nhau bao nhieu n v (Step?) nhap 1
May hien bang sau gia tr x t 1 en 30. Vi moi gia tr x th f(x) eu
la 7.
An , an nhap lai gia tr au, gia tr cuoi, gia tr step khac th
thay gia tr f(x) luon la 7.

2. Phep chia cho n thc.

Tm so d cua phep chia a thc
V du 1: Tm so d cua phep chia

4 3 2
3x 5x 4x 2x 7
x 5
+ +

Giai
Cach 1:
Ta biet phep chia
P(x)
x a
co so d la P(a)
105
at P(x) =
4 3 2
3x 5x 4x 2x 7 + + th so d cua phep chia la P(5)
Ta tnh P(5) nh sau
5 (STO) (X) (Gan 5 cho X).
An 3 (X) 4 5 (X) 4
(X) 2 (X) 7 e ghi vao man hnh
4 3 2
3X 5X 4X 2X 7 + +
An thay may hien 2403.
Ket qua: P(5) = 2403 la so d cua phep chia tren.

Cach 2:
Ta co the dung s o Hooc-n e thc hien phep chia a thc
nguyen cho x a nh sau:
Ta ghi
3 5 4 2 7
5 3 5 3 + 5
= 20
20 5 4
= 96
96 5 + 2
= 482
482 5 7
= 2403

Vay
4 3 2
3x 5x 4x 2x 7
x 5
+ +
=
3 2
2403
3x 20x 96x 482
x 5
+ + + +

Thc hien theo cach nay ta c cung mot luc bieu thc thng
va so d.

V du 2: Tm so d cua phep chia

5 3 2
x 7x 3x 5x 4
x 3
+ +
+

Giai
at P(x) =
5 3 2
x 7x 3x 5x 4 + +
Th so d cua phep chia la P(3)
Ta tnh P(3) nh sau
An 3 (STO) (X) (Gan 3 cho X).
Ghi vao man hnh
5 3 2
x 7x 3x 5x 4 + +
bang cach (X) 5 7 (X) 3
(X) 5 (X) 4 va an .
Ket qua: P(3) = 46 la so d cua phep chia tren

V du 3: Tnh a e
4 3 2
x 7x 2x 13x a + + + +
.
Chia het cho x + 6
Giai
at P(x) =
4 3 2
x 7x 2x 13x a + + + + th so d cua phep chia la P(6).
e phep chia la phep chia het th so d bang 0 tc P(6)=0.
Tnh P(6).
106
An 6 (STO) X (Gan 6 cho X)
(X) 4 7 (X) 2 (X)
13 (X)
May hien 222 tc P(6) = a 222.
Vay e phep chia tren la phep chia het th P(6) = 0 a 222 = 0
hay a = 222.

Bai tap thc hanh
1. Tnh gia tr cua bieu thc
a) (a
2
b
2
) + 3ab
2
4a
3
b
4
tai a = -3 ; b = 2. S: 1697
b) (a + b c)
2
4abc + c
3
ba tai a = -2 ; b = 3 ; c = 5. S: -614
c)
4 3
3 2
a b c a
ab c b
+
tai a = -1 ; b = 1 ; c = 4. S:
13
3

2. Tm so d cua phep chia
a)
4 3 2
4x 3x 5x x 3
x 7
+ +
+
. S: 10888
b)
5 4 3 2
5x x 3x x 5x 7
3x 5
+ + + +
. S:
18526
243

c)
4 3 2
3x 5x x 7x 3
x 6
+ +
. S: 4893

II. PHAN THC AI SO
Lien phan so
V du 1: Bieu dien A ra dang phan so thng va so thap phan.
A = 3 +
5
4
2
5
2
4
2
5
2
3
+
+
+
+

Giai
Tnh t di len
An 3
Va an 5 2
An tiep 4 2
An tiep 5 2
An tiep 4 2
An tiep 5 3
May hien 4
233
382
An may hien 4.609947644
107
An tiep may hien
1761
382

Ket qua A = 4
233
382
= 4,609947644 =
1761
382

V du 2: Tnh a , b biet (a , b nguyen dng) :

329 1
1
1051
3
1
5
1
a
b
=
+
+
+

Giai
Ta co

329 1 1 1 1
1051 64 1 1
1051
3 3 3
329 9
329 329
5
64 64
1 1
1 1
3 3
1 1
5 5
64 1
7
9 9
= = = =
+ + +
+
= =
+ +
+ +
+

Cach an tren may (a may ve trang thai hien th hon so an
1 (ab/c)) 329 1051 (May hien 3
64
329
).
An tiep 3 (may hien
64
329
).
An tiep (may hien 5
9
64
).
An tiep 5 (May hien
9
64
).
An tiep (May hien 7
1
9
).
Ket qua: a = 7 ; b = 9

Bai tap thc hanh
1. Bieu dien B ra phan so va so thap phan
B = 7 +
1
1
3
1
3
1
3
4
+
+
+

108
S: B = 7
43
142
=
1037
142

= 7,3(02816901408450704225352112676056338)

2. Tnh a , b biet ( a , b nguyen dng )

15
17
=
1
1
1
1
a
b
+
+

S: a = 7 ; b = 2

3. Bieu dien M ra phan so
M =
1 1
1 1
5 2
1 1
4 3
1 1
3 4
2 5
+
+ +
+ +
+ +

HD: Tnh tng t nh tren va gan ket qua cua so hang au vao
so nh A, tnh so hang sau roi cong lai.
S:
98
157
.

III. PHNG TRNH BAC NHAT MOT AN
1. M au ve phng trnh
V du 1: Hay th va cho biet khang nh sau co ung khong?
x
3
3x = 2x
2
+ 3x 1 x = 1.
Giai
Khang nh x
3
3x = 2x
2
+ 3x 1 x = 1 la sai
V tai x = 1, hai ve cua phng trnh co gia tr khac nhau (2 va 0).
Tren may ta an nh sau:
1 (STO) (X) (Gan 1 vao X)
Tnh ve trai ta an: (X) 3 (X) (Ve trai la 2)
Tnh ve phai ta an: 2 (X) 3 (X) 1
(ve phai la 0).
V du 2: Cho 2 bieu thc 3x + 2 va x
2
x + 5.
a) Hay ien gia tr cua 2 bieu thc tng ng vi cac gia tr cua x
vao bang ben di.
b) Hay cho biet phng trnh 3x + 2 = x
2
x + 5 co nghiem nao
trong cac gia tr cua x a cho.

109
x 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
3x + 2
x
2
x + 5

Giai
a) Bang cach an 4 (Table). May hien f(x)=
Tnh gia tr cua bieu thc 3x + 2.
Ghi 3X+2 vao man hnh an 3 (X) 2
May hoi gia tr bat au (Start?) an 5
May hoi gia tr ket thuc (End?) an 5
May hoi moi gia tr cach nhau bao nhieu n v an 1 . ien ket
qua vao bang.
Tng t tnh gia tr cua bieu thc x
2
x + 5
Ta ghi X
2
X + 5 vao man hnh bang cach an
(X) (X) 5 an
May hoi gia tr bat au (Start?) an 5
May hoi gia tr ket thuc (End?) an 5
May hoi moi gia tr cach nhau bao nhieu n v (Step ?) an 1 .
ien ket qua vao bang.
Vay co ket qua bang sau:
x 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
3x+2 13 10 7 4 1 2 5 8 11 14 17
x
2
x + 5
35 25 17 11 7 5 5 7 11 17 25

b) Da vao bang ta thay tai x=1 va x=3 th 2 ve cua phng trnh
bang nhau. Vay x = 1 va x = 3 la nghiem cua phng trnh
3x + 2 = x
2
x + 5.

2. Phng trnh a c ve dang ax + b=0

V du 1: Giai phng trnh bac nhat mot an sau
x
5 7
1
3 2
| |
|
\ .
+
7 11
x
5 9
| |
|
\ .
=
7 5
3
8 11
| |
|
\ .
(1)

Giai
Viet (1) lai tren giay Ax + Bx BC = D
hay (A + B)X (D + BC) = 0
Va bien oi (2) thanh (tren giay)
x = (D + BC) (A + B)
110
Gan
5 7
1
3 2
| |
|
\ .
cho A bang cach an phm nh sau :
1 ( ) 5 3 7 2 (STO) (A) .

Tng t gan
7
5
cho B ;
11
9
cho C ;
7 5
3
8 11
| |
|
\ .
cho D
Roi ghi (D+BC) (A+B) vao man hnh nh sau :

(D) (B) (C) (A)
(B) an
Ket qua: 9
125
2244
=
20321
2244

V du 2: Giai phng trnh bac nhat mot an sau

2 3 1 6 3 7
x x
3 5 3 2 4 3
| |
+

|
+ \ .
=
15 11
2 3 5

Giai
Viet phng trnh tren lai tren lai tren giay Ax B(x C) = D (2)
Va bien oi (2) thanh (A B)x (D BC) = 0.
Suy ra x = (D BC) (A B).
An 2 3 3- 5 (STO) (A).
(gan A =
2 3
3 5
+
).
Tng t gan B =
1 6
3 2
+
, C =
3 7
4 3
, D =
15 11
2 3 5

roi ta ghi vao man hnh (D BC) (A B)
(D) (B) (C) (A)
(B) roi an

Ket qua: x = 1,449181224

V du 3: Giai phng trnh
a) 4 +
x x
1 1
1 4
1 1
2 3
1 1
3 2
4 2
=
+ +
+ +
+ +

b)
y y
1
1 1
1 2
1 1
3 4
5 6
+ =
+ +
+ +

111
Giai
a) at 4 + Ax = Bx suy ra x =
4
B A

Tnh A va B nh cac bai tren
Ta c A =
30
43
; B =
17
73
va cuoi cung tnh x
Ket qua: x = 8
884
1459
=
12556
1459

b) at Ay + By = 1 suy ra y =
1
A B +

Tnh A va B nh cac bai tren
Roi tnh A + B va cuoi cung tnh y
Ket qua: y =
24
29

Bai tap thc hanh
1. Hay cho biet cac khang nh sau co ung khong?
a) (x + 2)(x
2
+ 1) = 3x + 4 x = 7. S: sai
b) x
3
+ 2x 2 = 2x + 2 x = 1. S: sai

2. Tm x , biet
a) 2
1
7
x
11 5
3 x
5 6
| |
+
|
\ .
=
21
5
x S: x =
462
1237

b)
2
2x 13 5 8
x
7
8 6
1
5
| |
+ +
|
\ .
+
=
11 3 6
25
S: x = 0,1630
c)
7
3
5 8 3 2 3
9
x
1 3 2 7 6 5
| | | |

+
| |
\ . \ .
x =
11 2 10
13 7
+

S: x = 9,7925

112
HNH HOC
V du: Cho hnh vuong ABCD canh bang 12. M, P lan lt la trung
iem AB, CD, BN =
1
4
BC, QD =
1
4
AD. Hay tnh chu vi va dien tch
MNPQ.

Giai
MN, NP, PQ , QM , lan lt la canh huyen cua cac tam giac MBN,
NCP, PDQ, QAM. Ap dung nh ly Pitago, taco :
Chu vi MNPQ la : chu vi = 2 (QM +MN)
= 2(
2 2 2 2
AM AQ BM BN + + + )
= 2(
2 2 2 2
6 9 6 3 + + + )

An 2 6 9 6 3
Ket qua: Chu vi MNPQ = 6 6 + 6 5 = 35,0497
Tnh dien tch :
Ta co : S
MNPQ
= S
ABCD
2
AMQ QDP
(S S ) +
= AB AD (AM AQ + QD DP)
= 12 12 (9 6 + 3 6)

An 12 12 9 6 3 6
Ket qua: Dien tch S
MNPQ
= 72.

113
LP 9
AI SO
I. CAN BAC HAI, CAN BAC BA
1. Can bac hai
V du 1: So nao co can bac hai la
a) 3 ; b) 1,2
c) 0,2 ; d) 8

Giai
So co can bac hai la:
a) 3 tc so o la
2
( 3) . An 3 Ket qua: 3
b) 1,2 tc so o la 1,2
2
.An 1.2 Ket qua: 1
11
25
=
36
25
= 1,44.
c) 0,2 tc so o la (0,2)
2
.An 0.2
Ket qua:
1
25
.
d) 8 tc so o la ( 8 )
2
.An 8
Ket qua: 8

V du 2: Tnh can bac hai so hoc cua:
a) 1,21 ; b) 1,44 ;
c) 1,69 ; d) 1,96 ;

Giai:
An 1.21 . Ket qua:
11
10
An tiep c 1,1.
An 1.44 . Ket qua:
6
5
An tiep c 1,2.
An 1.69 . Ket qua:
13
10
An tiep c 1,3.
An 1.96 . Ket qua:
7
5
An tiep c 1,4.
2. Can bac ba
V du 1: Tm x biet:
a)
3
x = 1,7 b)
3
(x 3) = 18

Giai
a) Ta co
3
x = 1,7 hay x = 1,7
3
. An 1.7 Ket qua:
4913
1000

tiep c 4,913.
114
b) Ta co
3
(x 3) = 18 hay x = 18
3
+ 3. An 18 3
Ket qua: 5835

V du 2: Tnh can bac ba cua
a) 1331 ; b) 1728 ;
c) 2197 ; d) 2744 ;
Giai
An ( )1331 . Ket qua:
3
1331 = 11.
An ( )1728 . Ket qua:
3
1728 = 12.
An ( )2197 . Ket qua:
3
2197 = 13.
An ( )2744 . Ket qua:
3
2744 = 14.

*3. Luy tha-can so bat k.

V du 1: Tnh
a) 2
10
An 2 10 Ket qua: 1024.
b) (3)
5
An 3 5 Ket qua: 243.
c)
4
2
3
| |
|
\ .
An 2 3 4 Ket qua:
16
81

d) 4
3
An 4 3 Ket qua: 4
3
=
3
1
4
=
1
64
= 0,015625.

V du 2: Tnh
a)
4
83521 b)
5
32768
c)
7
128 d)
10
1024

Giai
An ( ) 4 83521 . Ket qua: 17.
An ( ) 5 32768 . Ket qua: 8.
An ( ) 7 128 . Ket qua: 2.
An ( )10 1024 . Ket qua: 2.

Bai tap thc hanh
1. Tnh
a) 3
10
S: 59049 b)
7
1
2
| |
|
\ .
S:
1
128

c) (7)
4
S: 2401 d) 1,12
3
S: 1,404928
e) 5
1
S:
1
5
f) 3
4
S:
1
81

115
2. Tnh
a) 1849 S: 43
b) 2683,24 S:
259
5
= 51,8
c)
729
1849
S:
27
43

d) 128 2 S: 16.
e)
25281
3 867
S:
53
17

3. Tnh
a)
3
117649 S: 49 b)
3
0,032768 S: 0,32
c)
4
20736 S: 12 d)
7
2187 S: 3
e)
9
262144 S: 4 f)
5
371293
16807
S:
13
7

4. Tnh gia tr cua bieu thc co cha can
B = 3
1
8
x
2
+
1
16
x
3

2 2 3 5
(6x 1) (x 9) + + tai x = 4
An 4 (STO) (X) ( Gan 4 cho X )
An tiep 3 ( )1 8 (X) 1 16
(X) 5 ( ) 6 (X) 1
(X) 9 .
Ket qua: B = 29.

Bai tap thc hanh
a) A =
2 3
(4x 1)(3x 5) + + (x
2
+ 2x + 3) tai x = 4. S: 10
b) B =
3
x 10
2x 3
+
+

3
4x 1
x 11
+
+
tai x = 3. S:
1289
342

c) C =
2
x 1 x 6 + +

2
1
5(x 5) x 4x 4 + + +
tai x = 10.
S:
27
119

d) D =
3 2
3x 7 4 7x
x 6x
+ + +
+
tai x =
1
2
S: 2,1786
116
II. HAM SO BAC NHAT
ien cac gia tr cua ham so y = 3x + 2 vao bang sau:

x 5.3 4
4
3
2.17
4
3
7

5 7
y

Giai
Ghi vao man hnh 3(5.3) + 2 bang cach an 3 5.3
2 va an KQ:
179
10
= 17.9
An va chnh lai thanh 3(4 )+ 2 va an KQ: 14.

An va chnh lai thanh 3
4
3
| |
|
\ .
+ 2 va an KQ: 6
An va chnh lai thanh 3(2.17) + 2 va an KQ:
451
100
= 4.51
An va chnh lai thanh 3
3
4
7
| |
|
\ .
+ 2 va an KQ:
79
7

An va chnh lai thanh 3(5 7 ) + 2 va an
KQ: 2 15 7 = 37.6863
Ta c bang ket qua
x 5.3 4
4
3
2.17
4
3
7

5 7
y 17.9 14 6 4.51
79
7

37.686

V du 2: ien cac gia tr cua ham so y = 3x
2
vao bang sau:

x 5.3 4
4
3
2,17
4
3
7

5 7
y

Giai
Lam tng t nh v du 1, ta c ket qua

x 5.3 4
4
3
2,17
4
3
7

5 7
y 84.27 48
16
3

14.1267
2883
49

525
117
Bai tap thc hanh
1. Cho cac ham so y
1
= 3x +
1
2
, y
2
=
5
3
4x , y
3
= 4x
2
+ 2
Hay lap bang gia tr cua y
1
, y
2
, y
3
ng vi cac gia tr cua x la :
3,
3
2
, 1 , 0 , 2 , 3 , 4
1
5
, 19
S:

x
y
3
3
2

1 0 2 3
4
1
5

19
3x +
1
2

19
2

5
7
2

1
2

11
2

17
2

121
10

1 6 19
2

5
3
4x
41
3

23
3

17
3

5
3

19
3

31
3

227
15

15,7869
4x
2
+ 2
34 7 2 2 14 34
1714
25

74

2. o th cua ham so
V du 1: Cho ham so y = -5x + 4
a) Ve o th cua ham so
b) Tnh goc hp bi ng thang y = -5x + 4 va truc Ox

Giai
a. Ta co o th nh hnh ve

b. Goi goc hp bi ng thang y = -5x + 4 va truc Ox la | =
ABx
Xet tam giac vuong OAB , ta co
tg

OAB =
OA
OB
=
4
4
5
= 5. Tnh
OAB bang cach an

(Chuyen ve che o Deg (o)) an 3.
118
An (tan
1
) 5
An tiep Ket qua ~ 78
o
4124.24.
Vay | = 180
o
78
o
4124.24 = 101
o
1836

Ghi chu: Neu biet ng thang y = ax + b co tg o = a th
o = tan
1
a, cach tnh se nhanh hn .

Bai tap thc hanh
1. Tnh goc hp bi cac ng thang sau va truc Ox
a) =
1
y x 4
3
S: 18
0
265.82
b) = + y 3x 2 S: 60
0

c) y = 5 2x S: 116
0
3354.18
d) 2y + 3x =
1
2
S: 123
0
4124.24
2. Goi giao iem cua ng thang y=2x+ 6 vi Oy, Ox theo th t
la A, B va giao iem cua ng thang y=4x + 6 vi Oy, Ox theo
th t la A, C. Tnh cac goc cua tam giac ABC.
S:
A = 12
0
3143.7 ;
B = 63
0
265,82 ;
C = 104
0
210.48.
y = 2x + 6
B
A
C
y = 4x + 6
119
III. HE PHNG TRNH BAC NHAT HAI AN.
1. He hai phng trnh bac nhat hai an:
V du 1: Giai he phng trnh sau

13x 17y 25 0
23x 123y 103 0
+ + =

Neu e cho he phng trnh khac dang chuan tac, ta luon a ve
dang chuan tac nh sau
13x 17y 25
23x 123y 103
+ =
roi bat au dung may e nhap cac he so

Giai
An 3 (EQN), an tiep 1 (a
n
X + b
n
Y = c
n
).
An 13 (nhap a
1
)17 (nhap b
1
) 25 (nhap c
1
).
23 (nhap a
2
) 123 (nhap b
2
) 103 (nhap c
2
)
Ket qua: x =
662
995
, an y =
957
995

e thoat khoi chng trnh giai he phng trnh, ta an 1.

V du 2: Giai he phng trnh

5x 2y 3 7
x 5,43y 15
+ =
+ =

Lam tng t nh tren nhap
a
1
= 5, b
1
= 2 3 , c
1
= 7
a
2
= 1, b
2
= 5.43, c
2
= 15 va an
Ket qua:
x 0.4557
y 2.6785
=

V du 3: Giai he phng trnh

12.241x 17.436y 25.168
23.897x 19.372y 103.618
+ =

Giai tng t nhap
a
1

= 13.241, b
1
= 17.436, c
1
= 25.168

a
2
= 23.897, b
2
= 19.372, c
2
= 103.618 va an
Ket qua:
x 1.95957
y 2.93156
=

V du 4: Tm m, n biet:
a) (1;2) va (4;3) thuoc ng thang mx ny = 7
b) (2;5) va (5;2) thuoc ng thang 2mx + 3ny = 6
120
Giai
a) Giai he phng trnh

m 2n 7
4m 3n 7
=

Giai tng t nhap a
1
= 1, b
1
= 2, c
1
= 7
a
2
= 4, b
2
= 3, c
2
= 7
va an
Ket qua:
7
m
5
21
n
5

b) Giai he phng trnh

4m 15n 6
10m 6n 6
+ =
+ =

Giai tng t nhap a
1
= 4, b
1
= 15, c
1
= 6
a
2
= 10, b
2
= 6, c
2
= 6
va an
Ket qua:
3
m
7
2
n
7

Bai tap thc hanh
1) Hang ien thoai di ong co hai thue bao tra trc va tra sau.
Biet rang :
Gia cc thue bao tra trc la 3000 / phut
Gia cc thue bao tra sau la 1500 / phut .

Cho biet tong so thi gian trong mot thang ca hai thue bao a
thc hien cuoc goi la 3 gi 59 phut, tng ng vi so tien can
phai thanh toan theo quy nh ban au la 498000 ong. Tuy
nhien do ang trong thi gian khuyen mai nen :
Thue bao tra trc c tang 600 giay goi mien ph
Thue bao tra sau c tang 900 giay goi mien ph .
Hoi so tien thc s can phai tra cho hang ien thoai di ong cua
moi thue bao
S: Thue bao tra trc : 249000 ong
Thue bao tra sau : 196500 ong
121
2) Giai cac he phng trnh sau :
a)
1
y x 4
3
2y 3x 1
= +
S:
27
x
11
35
y
11

b)
1
4x 3y 0
3
1
2x y 4
3
+ =
S:
109
x
66
23
y
11

c)
3x 5
2y 7
5x 4y 5 0

=
+ + =
S:
25
x
67
105
y
134

3) Tm m, n biet:
a) (3;7) va (2;3) thuoc ng thang
m
2
x
n
3
y = 9
b) (9;7) va (4;5) thuoc ng thang
m
5
x 2ny = 11
S:
a)
72
m
5
27
n
5
b)
110
m
17
55
n
34

Ghi chu: Khi gap he vo nghiem

1 1 1
2 2 2
a b c
a b c
= =
hay he vo nh
1 1 1
2 2 2
a b c
a b c
= =
th may bao loi

2. Giai bai toan bang cach lap he phng trnh:

V du 1: Nam nam trc tuoi me va ung gap 4 lan tuoi con. Nam
nay tuoi me bang 3 lan tuoi con cong them 5. Hoi nam nay moi
ngi bao nhieu tuoi ?
Giai
Goi so tuoi me va tuoi con lan lt la x, y; x e N*, y e N*, x > y > 5.
Ta co he phng trnh:

x 5 4(y 5)
x 3y 5
=
= +

x 4y 15
x 3y 5
+ =

122
Giai tng t nhap a
1
= 1, b
1
= 4, c
1
= 15
a
2
= 1, b
2
= 3, c
2
= 5
va an
Ket qua:
x 65
y 20
=

V du 2: Cho mot so 2 ch so. Neu oi cho 2 ch so cua no th c
mot so ln hn so a cho la 72.Tong cua so a cho va so mi tao
thanh bang 110.Tm so a cho.
Giai
Goi so can tm la xy , vi x, y e N*; x s 9, y s 9.
Theo au bai, ta co he:
10y x 10x y 72
10x y 10y x 110
+ =
+ + + =
hay
9x 9y 72
11x 11y 110
+ =
+ =

Giai tng t, nhap a
1
= 9, b
1
= 9, c
1
= 72
a
2
= 11, b
2
= 11, c
2
= 110
va an
Ket qua:
x 1
y 9
=

Vay so a cho la 19.

Bai thc hanh
1. Hai anh Quang va Hung cung gop von kinh doanh. Anh Quang
gop 18 trieu,anh Hung gop 15 trieu. Sau mot thi gian c lai 11
trieu ong.Lai c chia t le vi von gop. Em hay dung cach giai
he phng trnh e tnh tien lai ma moi anh c thng.
S: Anh Quang c 6 trieu
Anh Hung c 5 trieu.
2. Hom qua me Nam i ch mua 2 qua trng ga, 8 qua trng vt het
14600 ong. Hom nay me Nam i ch mua 4 qua trng ga, 6 qua
trung vt ch het 14200 ong ma gia trng th van nh cu. Hoi gia
mot qua trng moi loai la bao nhieu.
S: Trng ga:1300 ong/qua
Trng vt:1500 ong/qua

III. He phng trnh bac nhat 3 an

An e vao chng trnh giai he phng trnh bac nhat
3 an
Ta luon luon a he phng trnh ve dang
123

1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3
a x b y c z d
a x b y c z d
a x b y c z d
+ + =
+ + =
+ + =

roi mi nhap he so lan lt vao may

V du: Giai he phng trnh sau

3x 2y 4z 7 0
x 5y z 5 0
7y 3z 3 0
+ =
+ + =
+ + =

Ta a ve dang :
3x 2y 4z 7
x 5y z 5
7y 3z 3
+ =
+ =
+ =
roi nhap he so
Giai
Goi chng trnh giai he phng trnh bac nhat 3 an nh sau
An 3 (EQN) 2
An tiep 3 2 4 7
1 5 1 5
0 7 3 3
Ket qua: x =
110
23
an tiep . Ket qua x = 4.7826
An y =
21
46
an tiep . Ket qua y = 0.4565

An z =
95
46
an tiep . Ket qua z = 2.0652

e thoat khoi chng trnh giai he phng trnh, ta an

Bai tap thc hanh
a)
3x 7y z 6 0
x 3y 6z 5 0
1
x 2y z 3 0
2
+ =
+ + =
+ =
S:
76
x
25
53
y
25
7
z
25

=

b)
3z 4y x 8
y 3x 4z 5
2x 3 z y
= +
+ =
+ =
S:
18
x
5
y 5
26
z
5

124
c)
1
3x y 2 z 1
3
1
( 2 1)x z
7
3x 2y z 3
+ =
+ =
+ =
S:
x 4.2441
y 3.9158
z 1.9008
=

IV. Ham so y = ax
2
1. Ham so y = ax
2
(a = 0)

V du: Cho ham so y = 5x
2
.
Tnh cac gia tr cua y ng vi cac gia tr cua x lan lt bang 2 ; 1 ;
1
5
; 0 ;
1
5
.
Giai
Vi x = 2. An 5 2 (20)
Vi x = 1. An sa lai thanh 5 1 (5)
Vi x =
1
5
. An sa lai thanh 5 1 5

1
5
| |
|
\ .
.
Vi x = 0. An sa lai thanh 5 0 (0)
Vi x =
1
5
. An sa lai thanh 5 1 5

1
5
| |
|
\ .

V. Phng trnh bac 2 mot an
ax
2
+ bx + c = 0 (a = 0)
V du 1: Giai phng trnh 73x
2
47x 25460 = 0
Goi chng trnh giai phng trnh bac 2
An 3(EQN) 3
73 (nhap a) 47 (nhap b) 25460
Ket qua: x
1
= 19
x
2
=
1340
73

Neu an tiep th x
2
= 18,3562
Neu an tiep th x
2
= 18
26
73

( ay oi ra phan so c do A la so chnh phng)
125
V du 2: Giai phng trnh x
2
+ x 3 2 5 = 0
Lam tng t nh tren vi a = 1, b = 3 , c = 2 5
Ket qua:
1
2
x 1.4192
x 3.1512
=

Ghi chu:
Khi giai phng trnh ax
2
+ bx + c = 0 ma man hnh ket qua xuat
dang a + bi th ket luan la phng trnh ax
2
+ bx + c = 0 vo
nghiem tren tap so thc R
(nh phng trnh x
2
+ x + 1 = 0, x
2
+ 1 = 0)

ac biet may se xuat ket qua ung dang bieu dien cua so vo t
neu che o , ch khong dung so thap phan. ay chnh la
u iem cua may. Neu muon hien gia tr thap phan khi may xuat
gia tr vo ty th an .
e thoat khoi chng trnh giai phng trnh bac 2, ta an 1.

Bai tap thc hanh
Giai cac phng trnh bac hai sau
a) 3x
2
4x + 7 = 0 S: PTVN thc
b) x
2
+ 5x + 3 = 0 S:
1
2
5 13
x
2
5 13
x
2
+
=
+
=

c) 2 x
2
+ 2 3 x 2 = 0 S:
1
2
10 6
x
2
10 6
x
2
+
=

d) (x 4)
2
+ (2x + 1)
2
= 25 5x S:
1
2
1 161
x
10
1 161
x
10
+
=
+
=

VI. Phng trnh bac 3 mot an (*)
V du 1: Giai phng trnh bac 3 sau
2x
3
+ x
2
8x 4 = 0
Goi chng trnh giai phng trnh bac 3
126
An 3(EQN) 4
An 2 (nhap a) 1 (nhap b) 8 (nhap c) 4
(nhap d)
Ket qua:
1
2
3
x 2
1
x
2
x 2
=

V du 2: Giai phng trnh bac 3 sau
2 x
3
5x
2
+
3
2
x
15
2
= 0
Lam tng t nh tren, ta thay phng trnh a cho ch co mot
nghiem thc la x = 3.5355 (hai nghiem con lai eu la nghiem
phc (co ch i), khong nhan).

e thoat khoi chng trnh giai phng trnh bac 3, ta an 1
Giai cac phng trnh bac 3 sau (ch tm cac nghiem thc)
a) x
3
+ x
2
3x + 3 = 0 S: 2,5987
b) 3 x
3
+ x
2

3
2
x
1
2
= 0 S:
1
2
3
x 0,7071
x 0,7071
x 0,5774

c) 3x
3
+ 2x
2
x + 14 = 0 S: 2
d) x
3

15
2
x
2
+ 18x
27
2
= 0 S:
1
2,3
3
x
2
x 3

127
HNH HOC
I. T so lng giac cua goc nhon
( cap 2, ta cho man hnh hien D ( o))
V du 1: Tnh
a) sin36
o

b) tg78
o

c) cotg62
o

Giai
a) An 36 S: 0.5878
b) An 78 S: 4.7046
c) An 1 62 S: 0.5317

V du 2: Tnh
a) cos43
o
27'43
b) sin71
o
5214
c) tg69
o
057
Giai
a) An 43 27 43 S : 0.7258
b) An 71 52 14 S : 0.9504
c) An 69 0 57 S : 2.6072

V du 3: Tm goc nhon X bang o, phut, giay biet
a) sinX = 0.5
b) cosX = 0.3561
c) tgX =
3
4

d) cotgX = 5
Giai
a) An (sin
1
) 0.5 S: 30
o

b) An (cos
1
)0.3561 S: 69
o
821
c) An (tan
1
) 3 4 S: 36
o
5212
d) An (tan
1
) 1 5 S: 24
o
541

V du 4: Cho tam giac ABC vuong tai A, canh AB = 3.26 cm, goc
B = 51
o
26. Tnh AC, BC va ng cao AH.
128
Giai
AC = AB tgB = 3.26 tan56
o
26 = 4.0886 cm
AB
BC
= cosB BC =
AB
cosB
= 5.2292 cm
AH = AB sinB = 2.5489
(Co the tnh BC t cong thc BC
2
= AB
2
+ AC
2

AH t cong thc
2
1
AH
=
2
1
AB
+
2
1
AC

hay t cong thc AH BC = AB AC)

V du 5: Cho tam giac ABC vuong tai A, canh AB = 5cm ;
AC = 12cm. Tnh BC, goc B, goc C.

Giai
BC
2
= AB
2
+ AC
2
= 13cm
tgB =
AC
AB

An (tan
1
)12 5 va an S:
B = 67
o
2248
An tiep 90 S:
C = 22
o
3712
3,26 cm
51
0
26
A
C
B
129
II. Tnh gia tr cua bieu thc
V du: A = 7 cos
2
60
o
+ 2sin
2
45
o
+
1
2
tg
2
30
o

Giai
a) An 3(Deg)
An 7 60 2 45
1 2 30
S:
95
12

Bai tap thc hanh
B =
3 o 3 o 2 o
4 o 2 o 3 o
2 3 3 sin 90 cot g 30 cos 45
tg 60 sin 30 cos 60
+ +
+
S:
80
289

C =
1
3
cotg55
o
+
2 o 2 o
3 o
sin 40 cos 20
tg 108
S: 0,2209

V du 1: Cho tam giac ABC vuong tai A, canh AB = 2AC. Tren
canh huyen BC, lay iem I vi CI = CA, tren canh AB lay iem K vi
BK = BI. ng tron tam K, ban knh KB cat trung trc cua KA tai
iem M.
Tnh goc
MBA

Giai
130
at AB = 2AC = 2a th BK = BI = a( 5 1) va KA = a(3 5 )
Goi L la trung iem cua KA, tam giac LKM vuong tai L cho ta
cos(

MKL ) j=
KL
KM
=
a
(3 5)
2
a( 5 1)
=
3 5
2( 5 1)

An 3 (Deg)
(cos
-1
) 3 5 2 5
1 va an
May hien 72, ta co

MKL = 72
o
= 2

MBA
MBA = 36
o

Ghi chu: Bai toan nay co the dung e ve goc 36
o
bang thc dai va
compa ngha la ve ngu giac eu noi tiep trong ng tron bang
thc va compa.

V du 2: Tnh khoang cach gia hai nh khong lien tiep cua mot
ngoi sao 5 canh noi tiep trong ng tron ban knh R = 5.712cm.
Giai
AC = 2Rcos18
o
= 10.8649cm

E
D C
B
O
A
A
131
V du 3: Tnh dien tch hnh tron noi tiep tam giac eu canh
a = 12.46cm.
Giai
Ban knh r cua ng tron phai tm la r =
1 3
a
3 2

Va dien tch phai tm la S = t a
2
= 40.6448cm
2

Cach an may
Gan cho A: 3 6 12.46 (STO) A
Va ghi tiep t A
2
va an
Ket qua: S = 40.6448cm
2

III. Hnh tru - Hnh non Hnh Cau:
1. Hnh tru :
V du 1: Mot mieng ton hnh ch nhat co chieu dai 40cm chieu
ngang 10cm c cuon lai thanh be mat xung quanh cua mot hnh
tru cao 10cm. Tnh the tch hnh tru ay.
Giai
Goi ban knh ay hnh tru la R . Ta co
2 t R = 40 hay R =
20
t

The tch V = t R
2
h =
2
20 | |
t
|
\ . t
10 = 20
2
10
t
= 1273.2395cm
3

An 20 10 ( t ) va an

V du 2: Mot hnh tru ngoai tiep mot hnh hop ng ay vuong canh
25.7cm, cao 47.3cm .Tnh dien tch xung quanh cua hnh tru va the
tch phan khong gian gii han gia hnh tru va hnh hop.
Giai
Goi canh ay hnh hop la a, chieu cao h, ban knh hnh tru la R
Ta co R = a
2
2

Dien tch xung quanh S cua hnh tru la
S = 2 t Rh = 2 t
a 2
2
| |
|
\ .
h = t 25,7 47,3 2 = 5400,8129cm
3

(Ghi vao man hnh t 25.7 47.3 2 va an )
The tch phai tnh la
V
t
V
h
= t R
2
h a
2
h = a
2
h 1
2
t | |
|
\ .

132
= 25,7
2
47,3(0,5 t 1)
= 17832,349cm
3

An 25.7 47.3 0.5 ( t ) 1
va an

2. Hnh non Hnh Cau
V du 1: Mot hnh tron ban knh R = 21.3cm c cat bo mot phan t
e xep thanh be mat xung quanh cua mot hnh non. Tnh:
a) Dien tch mat ay cua hnh non.
b) Goc nh cua hnh non.
c) The tch cua hnh non.
Giai
a) Goi r la ban knh ay, ta co
2 t r =
3
4
2 t R r = 0,75R
= 0,75 21,3 = 15,975cm
Do o, dien tch ay
S = t r
2
= t 15,975
2
= 801,7364cm
2

An ( t ) 15,975
b) Goi goc nh la 2 o th
sino =
r
R
= 0,75
Tnh 2o , bang cach an
2 (sin
-1
) 0,75 va an
Ket qua: 2o = 97
o
10'51"
c) The tch
V =
1
3
t r
2
h
=
1
3
t 15.975
2
2 2
21,3 15,975 = 3765,121cm
3

An 1 3
( )
t 15.975 21.3
15.975 va an

V du 2: Mot hnh non co chieu cao la 17.5cm, ban knh ay 21.3cm
c ay len mot hnh cau sao cho mat cau tiep xuc vi mat xung
quanh va vi mat ay cua hnh non. Tnh dien tch mat cau va the
tch hnh cau.
133
B C
O
A
H
Giai

tan

ABH =
17.5
21.3
r = 21,3tan
ABH
2

Tnh r = E bang cach ghi vao man hnh nh sau
21,3 0.5 17.5 21.3 (STO)
(E)
Dien tch S = 4 t E
2
= 731,1621cm
2

The tch V =
4
3
t E
2
= 1859,0638cm
3

134

Cbju tracb nbicm xuat ban :
Chu fjch HQT kIom Tong CIam doc NCO TRAN AI
Pho Tong CIam doc kIom Tong bIon fap NC!YN Q!Y THAO

Bicn tap noi Jung :
NC!YN ANC TRI TIN

Bicn tap k tbuat :
CTY CP CNTT TRI !C

Trnb bay ba .
HA T! H!ONC

8ua ban in .
HOAI TIN TRI TIN

Cbc ban tai .
CTY CP CNTT TRI !C

Hng dan s dung va giai toan tren may tnh Casio fx-500 Vn plus
dung cho lp 6-7-8-9. Ma so : ..................................
In .................. ban (Q .................) kho 14,520,5cm tai ........................
So in. So KKH xuat ban ..............................In xong va nop lu chieu
ngay .... thang .... nam 2009
135

Huong Dan Su Dung Va Giai Toan Tren MayCASIO FX 500VN

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2

, Abs) nh chung c viet trong sach giao khoa cua ban.

: Luy tha, can, va lay nghch ao. Lu y

la khac nhau tuy

, yo, o lech chuan mau: xon1

, minY, Gia tr toi a: maxX

y khong phai la bien. Chung la cac ch lenh co kieu

. Tnh f(0) ; f(-2) ; f(4)

COB.Tnh cac goc con lai.

B . Vay AB > BC > AC

B . Vay AB < BC < AC

OAB bang cach an

roi bat au dung may e nhap cac he so

an tiep . Ket qua y = 0.4565

an tiep . Ket qua z = 2.0652

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