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com

] [

-1 8888 8888
: 8888 .

-2 88288 80386SX 18

-3 18 32

-4 88/88 CPU 88288 88388 88488

: 8888/88 288 388 488
.
-5
: 80x86
.

-8 8888 8888
: 8888 5-18 5-8 8888 8888
18 8 8888 .
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] [

-7 8888 8888
: 8 8888 4 8888 8888

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] [

-8
: CPU CPU .
CPU .

BIU -9 EU
EU . BIU () . - .

-18 8888/88 .
() 8 AH , AL , BH , BL , CH , CL , DH , DL :
() 18 AX , BX , CX , DX :

-11
()CS

()AX

()DS

()SS

()BX

()DX

()CX

()SI

()DI

- :

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18
X X
.
()CS

()DS

()SI

()DI

()SS

-12 8888/88 . 18
.
() MOV AX,27

() MOV AL,97F

97F .

()MOV DS,9BF2

.
()MOV CX,397

()MOV SI,9516

()MOV CS,3490

.
() MOV DS,BX

() MOV BX,CS

() MOV CH,AX

AX 18

CH 8 .
() MOV AX,23FB9

23FB9 2 AX 2

2 .
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() MOV CS,BH

] [

1 BH CS 2

( . MOV )
()MOV AX,DL

1 DL AX 2

( . MOV )

-13 8888/88 .
CS : Code Segment
CS .

DS : Data Segment
DS
.

SS : Stack Segment
: SS ( .
)

ES : Extra Segment
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: ES .

-14 CS = 3499H , IP = 2500H :

CS:IP

()

3499:2500

()

34990h+2500h= 36E90h

( CS X 10 ) + IP

()
34990h + FFFFh = 4498Fh

: ( CS X 10 ) + FFFFh

34990h + 0000h = 34990h

: ( CS X 10 ) + 0000h

-17 )14( 18 DS = 1298h 7CC8h .

()

1298:7CC8

()

12980h + 7CC8h = 1A648h

()
: 12980h + FFFFh = 2297Fh
: 12980h + 0000h = 12980h

-18 0046Ch . .

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0046:000C

0046Ch

-19 389F2 CS = 2700

CS IP = 1282

27000 + FFFFh = 36FFFh 389F2 > 36FFF

.
IP = 1282 :
CS = 3777h

( CS X 10 ) + 1282h = 389F2h

-28 DEBUG
. CS DOS IP = 170h .

B076

CS : 170

AL,76H

MOV

B78F

CS : 172

BH,8FH

MOV

00C7

CS : 174

BH,AL

MOV

80C77B

CS : 176

BH,7BH

MOV

88FB

CS : 179

BL,BH

MOV

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[ ]

MOV

BL,AL

CS : 17B

www.e-amoozesh.com

00C3

. 29 28 -21

;Clear AL

MOV AL , 0

; OR ; SUB AL , AL

;Add the contents of DS:200 to AL

ADD AL , [200]

;Add the contents of DS:201 to AL

ADD AL , [201]

;Add the contents of DS:202 to AL

ADD AL , [202]

;Add the contents of DS:203 to AL

ADD AL , [203]

;Add the contents of DS:204 to AL

ADD AL , [204]

;OR; XOR AL , AL

: -22
RAM()

ROM ()

CPU ()

CPU 18 ()

. 22 -23

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() 18 CPU

-24 2
2 .

-25 :
() /
.
() /
.
() .

-28 CPU

:9|Page

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-27 SS = 2000 , SP = 4578 :

20000 + 4578 = 24578

()

2000:4578

()

( SS X 10 ) + SP

SS:SP

()
20000h + 0000h = 20000h

: ( SS X 10 ) + 0000h

()
20000h + FFFFh = 2FFFFh

: ( SS X 10 ) + FFFF h

-28 SP = 24FC
PUSH,POP 18 8 2
.
SS : 24F9
24FC 2 = 24FA

SS : 24FA

24FC 1 = 24FB

SS : 24FB
SP

SS : 24FC
SS : 24FD

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-29 SP = FF2EH , AX = 3291H , BX = F43CH , CX = 09 .

.
PUSH AX
PUSH BX
PUSH CX

FF2EH

SP

SP PUSH AX

AH

FF2DH

AL

FF2CH

PUSH AX

FF2BH
FF2AH
FF29H
FF28H
FF27H

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FF2EH

PUSH BX

SP

FF2DH

AH

FF2CH

AL

FF2BH

BH

FF2AH

BL

PUSH AX SP

PUSH BX SP

FF29H
FF28H
FF27H

FF2EH

PUSH CX

FF2DH

AH

FF2CH

AL

FF2BH

BH

FF2AH

BL

FF29H

CH

FF28H

CL

FF27H

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PUSH AX SP

PUSH BX SP

PUSH CX SP

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] [

-38 29
. SP

SP = FF2AH

POP CX

SP = FF2CH

POP BX

SP = FF2EH

POP AX

-31 .
.
()SS : BP

()DS : DI

()CS : IP

()DS : SI

()SS : SP

()DS : BX

-32 ( ) .
()MOV SS:[BX] , AX
SS :

DS :

()MOV SS:[DI] , BX
SS :

DS :

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()]MOV DX , DS:[BP+6
SS :

DS :

-33 SF , ZF , AF , PF , CF .
()MOV BL , 9FH
ADD BL , 61H
CF

AF

1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1

9FH

0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1

+ 61H

10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
: SF d7

SF = 0

: PF 1 ( d0 (d7 PF = 1 PF = 0
: ZF ZF = 1 ZF = 0

PF=1

ZF=1

: AF d3 d4 AF=1 AF = 0

AF=1

: CF d7 CF=1 CF = 0

CF = 1

() MOV AL , 23H
ADD AL , 97H

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0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1

23H

1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1

+ 97H

1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0

PF = 0

AF = 0 ,

SF = 1 ,

SF = 0 ,

ZF = 0 ,

()MOV DX , 10FFH
ADD DX , 1

0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

10FFH

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

PF = 1

AF = 1 ,

SF = 0 ,

ZF = 0 ,

CF = 0 ,

-34 ( CS=1000, DS=2000 , SS=3000 , : )18

.SI =4000 , DI =5000 , BX =6080 , BP =7000 , AX =25FF , CX =8791 , DX=1299

.

()MOV [SI] , AL
20000 + 4000 = 24000 :

FF :
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()MOV [SI+BX+8] , AH
20000 + 4000 + 6080 + 8 =2A088 :

25 :

()MOV [BX] , AX
2 AX 1 BX BX .
20000+6080=26080 :

[26081]=25 :

[26080]=FF

() MOV [DI+6] , BX
20000+5000+6=25006 :

[25007] = 60 :

[25006] = 80

()MOV [DI][BX]+28 , CX
20000+5000+6080+28=2B0A8 :

[2B0A9]=87:

[2B0A8] =91

()MOV [BP][SI]+10 , DX
30000+7000+4000+10 = 3B010 :

[3B011]=12:

[3B010]=99

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()MOV [3600] , AX
[23601]=25 :

20000+3600=23600 :

[23600]=FF

()MOV [BX]+30 , DX
[260B0]=99 [260B1]=12 :

20000+6080+30=260B0 :

()MOV [BP]+200 , AX
[37201]=25:

30000+7000+200=37200:

[37200]=FF

()MOV [BP+SI+100] , BX
[3B100]=80 [3B101]=60:

30000+7000+4000+100=3B100:

()MOV [SI]+50 , AH
[24050]=25 :

20000+4000+50=24050 :

()MOV [DI+BP+100] , AX
20000+5000+7000+100=2C100:

[2C100]=FF [2C101]=25:

-35 .
()
()

MOV AX , DS
MOV BX , 5678H

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()

]MOV CX , [3000

()

MOV AL , CH

()

MOV [DI] , BX

()

]MOV AL , [BX

()]MOV DX , [BP+DI+4
()
()

MOV CX , DS
MOV [BP+6] , AL

()]MOV AH , [BX+SI+50
()

MOV BL , [SI]+10

()MOV [BP][SI]+12 , AX

-38 .
()
MOV BX , 129FH
MOV [1450] , BX
9F

DS : 1450

12

DS : 1451

()
MOV DX , 8C63H
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MOV [2348] , DX
63

DS : 2348

8C

DS : 2349

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