PHP LUT KINH DOANH QUC T

TS. Nguyn Minh Hng Trng H Ngoi Thng

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Kt cu
Phn I: t vn v cc khi nim c bn ca PLKDQT Phn II: Hp ng- cng c c bn thit lp mi quan h KDQT v kim sot ri ro Phn III: Gii quyt tranh chp KDQT

TI LIU THAM KHO

Vn bn lut Vit Nam -Lut Thng mi nm 2005 -Lut Doanh nghip nm 2005 -B lut dn s nm 2005 -B lut t tng dn s nm 2004 -Lut trng ti thng mi 2010 -Quy tc t tng ca Trung tm trng ti quc t Vit Nam (VIAC) 2011

TI LIU THAM KHO

Vn bn lut quc t -Cng c Vin nm 1980 v hp ng mua bn hng ha quc t (CISG- Convention on Contract for International Sale of Goods) -B Nguyn tc Unidroit v hp ng thng mi quc t, 2004 (PICC- Principles on International Commercial Contract) -Cng c New- york nm 1958 v cng nhn v thi hnh cc phn quyt ca trng ti nc ngoi -Cng c Washington 1965 v gii quyt tranh chp gia Nh nc v cng dn ca Nh nc 4 khc

TI LIU THAM KHO

Gio trnh:
TS. Nguyn Minh Hng (Ch bin), Gio trnh Php lut Kinh doanh quc t, NXB i hc Quc gia H Ni, 2012

TI LIU THAM KHO

Sch tham kho m rng Nguyn Th M, Gio trnh php lut trong hot ng kinh t i ngoi, Nh xut bn gio dc, 2010 Trng H Lut H Ni, Gio trnh Lut Thng mi quc t, NXB Cng an nhn dn, 2010 Trng H Kinh t quc dn, Gio trnh Lut Thng mi quc t (ng ch bin: TS. Trn Th Ha Bnh, TS. Trn Vn Nam), NXB Lao ng-x hi, 2005 Nguyn Th Hng, Gio trnh kinh doanh quc t, NXB Lao ng x hi, 2003 Vn i, Lut Hp ng Vit Nam- Bn n v bnh lun bn n, NXB Ctr quc gia, 2008 Vn i, Mai Hng Qu, T php quc t Vit 6 Nam, NXB HQG TPHCM, 2006

TI LIU THAM KHO

Sch tham kho m rng Nguyn Vn Luyn, L Th Bch Th, Dng Anh Sn, Hp ng thng mi quc t, NXB Cng an nhn dn, 2004 Phm Duy Ngha, Chuyn kho lut kinh t, NXB HQG, 2004 VCCI & DANIDA, Cm nang Hp ng thng mi, 2010 B T php, Cm nang php lut kinh doanh dnh cho doanh nghip nh v va, 2009 PGS.TS. Nguyn ng Dung, TS. Nguyn Ngc o, Lut kinh doanh quc t, NXB 7 ng Nai, 2000

TI LIU THAM KHO

Sch tham kho m rng PGS.TS Hong Ngc Thit, Tranh chp t hp ng xut nhp khu- n l trng ti v kinh nghim, NXB Chnh tr quc gia 2002 VCCI, 50 Phn quyt ca trng ti quc t chn lc, H Ni 2002 UNCTAD v VIAC, Trng ti v cc phng php gii quyt tranh chp la chn, 2003 Nguyn V Hong, Gii quyt tranh chp TMQT bng con ng Ta n, NXB Thanh nin 2003 VCCI & DANIDA, Cc quyt nh trng ti quc t chn lc, NXB T php, 2007
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TI LIU THAM KHO

Tp ch Tp ch Tp ch Tp ch Tp ch Tp ch Tp ch Lut hc Nghin cu lp php Nh nc v Php lut Dn ch v Php lut Ta n nhn dn Khoa hc php l

Websites

TI LIU THAM KHO

http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu http://www.unilex.info http://www.uncitral.org http://www.unidroit.org http://www.economy.com.vn http://www.vcci.com.vn http://vibonline.com.vn http://www.nclp.org.vn http://www.luatvietnam.com.vn http://www.thongtinphapluatdansu.wordpres s.com http://www.cisgvn.wordpress.com
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Phn I T VN V CC KHI NIM C BN CA PHP LUT KINH DOANH QUC T

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T VN - TNH HUNG Cng ty X ca nc A bn 500 my tnh cho mt hng Y nc B. 40% s my tnh ny b hng trong thi gian 6 thng s dng. Ngi bn ngh c thay th cc my hng theo iu kin bo hnh quy nh trong Hp ng. V t l h hng cao, ngi mua mun hy Hp ng. Hp ng khng c quy nh g v hy hp ng. Hai bn phi nghin cu lut 12 p dng cho Hp ng.

T VN - TNH HUNG Nu p dng lut ca nc B th Lut mua bn hng ha ca nc B quy nh nh sau: Hy hp ng: nu ngi bn giao hng c cht lng xu n ni cc khiu ni theo iu kin bo hnh l qu nhiu th ngi mua c th tr li hng cho ngi bn v nhn li s tin tr cho hng ha .

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T VN - TNH HUNG Nu p dng lut ca nc A th thc tin xt x ca nc A chp nhn hai n l sau y
n l 1: 500 my tnh nhp v th c 30% my hng. Thm phn cho php ngi nhp khu hy hp ng, tr li my v ly li tin n l 2: ngi mua nhp v 1000 my tnh trong 400 my hng. Thm phn a ra gii php l nu ngi xut khu sa cha my hng th ngi nhp khu khng c hy hp ng.
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Cc vn tho lun
Lut no s c p dng gii quyt tranh chp?
Lut nc A? Lut nc B? Lut nc th ba? Mt iu c quc t? Tp qun thng mi quc t?

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Cc vn tho lun
Nu hai bn khng th thng lng?
Cng ty Y kin ra ta n nc B Cng ty X mun tranh chp c xt x bng trng ti quc t ti nc C Tranh chp s c gii quyt u?

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Cc vn tho lun: kh khn, ri ro t H ngoi

Tiu ch H NI H NGOI v nhng kh khn, ri ro lin quan Ch th, kim tra t cch ca ch th Cch thc m phn hp ng

Hng ha (quy cch phm cht, bao b)

ng tin thanh ton, phng thc thanh ton Vn chuyn, bo him ri ro Cc vn v hi quan

Lut p dng
C quan gii quyt tranh chp Cc vn khc: ngn ng, vn ha, tp qun, mi trng KD
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MT S KHI NIM C BN
Php lut? Kinh doanh? Kinh doanh quc t? Php lut kinh doanh quc t?

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Khi nim Php lut

Php lut l g?

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Khi nim Kinh doanh

Kinh doanh: l vic thc hin lin tc mt, mt s hoc tt c cc cng on ca qu trnh u t, t sn xut n tiu th sn phm hoc cung ng dch v trn th trng nhm mc ch sinh li (4-K2Lut DN nm 2005)

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c im ca kinh doanh
Ti sao phi thc hin lin tc? Ai thc hin hot ng kinh doanh? Mc ch sinh li l g? Lit k mt s hot ng kinh doanh:
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Kinh doanh quc t?

Kinh doanh quc t bao gm cc trao i c t ra v tin hnh vt qua bin gii quc gia tho mn cc i tng l c nhn v cc t chc Kinh doanh quc t l tng hp ton b cc giao dch kinh doanh vt qua cc bin gii ca hai hay nhiu quc gia
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Kinh doanh quc t

Kinh doanh quc t l cc hot ng kinh doanh trn phm vi quc t hay cc hot ng kinh doanh c yu t nc ngoi V d:
XNK Vn ti quc t u t quc t Chuyn giao cng ngh

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Cc biu hin ca yu t quc t hay nc ngoi

Ch th (quc tch, tr s) Khch th v s di chuyn ca khch th (vn, ti sn, nhn lc) ng tin thanh ton S kin php l c lin quan Lut iu chnh C quan gii quyt tranh chp
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Php lut kinh doanh quc t

Php lut kinh doanh quc t (International Business Law) l tng hp cc quy phm php lut iu chnh mi quan h kinh doanh quc t gia cc thng nhn

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PLKDQT v PLTMQT

PLKDQT PLTMQT

International Business Law Ch th: c nhn, t chc i tng iu chnh, ni dung iu chnh, bin php cng ch?

International Trade Law Ch th: quc gia i tng iu chnh, ni dung iu chnh, bin php cng ch?

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c im ca PLKDQT
c im 1: Tnh phc tp v a dng v ngun lut p dng c im 2: S an xen, giao thoa ca cc h thng php lut khc nhau c im 3: S tn ti ph bin ca hin tng xung t php lut

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c im 1: Tnh phc tp v a dng v ngun lut p dng

C nhiu ngun lut c th p dng: Lut quc gia iu c quc t Tp qun TMQT

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Lut quc gia

Lut quc gia ca cc bn lin quan Lut quc gia ca ni k kt hp ng, ni thc hin hp ng Lut quc gia ni c ti sn l i tng ca hp ng Lut quc gia ni xy ra hnh vi php l, s kin php l Lut ca bt k mt quc gia no khc do cc bn la chn

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Lut quc giala chn lut no?

Do cc bn trong hp ng la chnnguyn tc t do la chn lut
Th v lc gia cc bn Lut no c li cho mnh Lut no mnh c hiu bit Lut thng c p dng trong ngnh ngh kinh doanh

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La chn lut no? Thc t v kinh nghim

Bn Bn Bn Mua Lut c la chn

Singapore Hn Quc Thy S Anh Trung Quc

Vit Nam Vit Nam Vit Nam Vit Nam Vit Nam

Anh, Singapo Php, Hn Quc, Singapo Singapo Anh Vit nam

Thi Lan, Cc tiu vng quc rp thng nht

Nht Bn Vit nam

Vit Nam

Anh

Vit Nam HongKong

Singapo, Nht Bn Singapo, VN

M
c

VN
VN

Singapo
Thy S, Singapo

Lut quc giala chn lut no?

Nu cc bn khng thng nht c Do c quan gii quyt tranh chp la chn trn c s cc quy phm t php quc t
C phi ta n nc no th lut p dng s l lut nc khng? Ta n mt nc c p dng lut nc ngoi khng?

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iu c quc t
Khi nim Khi no p dng iu c quc t?

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Tp qun TM quc t
Khi nim: Nghin cu in hnh: Incoterms

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c im 2: S an xen, giao thoa ca cc h thng php lut

1. H thng Common Law 2. H thng Civil Law 3. H thng Islamic Law (php lut Hi gio) 4. H thng Indian Law (php lut n ) 5. H thng Chiness Law (php lut Trung Quc) 6. H thng Socialist Law (php lut XHCN)
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1. H thng Common Law -Tn ti Anh (tr Scotland), M, Australia, Ailen, New Zealand, Canada (tr Qubec), Singapore -Ngun ch yu ca php lut l lut n l (case law). Cc thm phn c vai tr sng to cc quy tc php lut. Bn cnh case law c equity law. -Mt s nguyn tc php lut quan trng:
-Nguyn tc Stare Decisis -Vai tr ca k thut ngoi l

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1. H thng Common Law -Cch trch dn n l: Read v. Lyons (1947) A.C 156
-Nguyn n: -B n: -v.: Versus- ngha l chng li -1947, 156: tuyn tp Law Reports nm 1947, tr.156 -A.C: Appeal Court V t tng: th tc r rng, h thng chng c c quy nh chi tit, t tng thm vn l ph bin

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1. H thng Common Law -u im:

-Tnh linh hot nh k thut ngoi l v vai tr ca equity law -Tnh m vi kh nng to ra quy phm mi nh thc tin xt x

-Nhc im:
-H thng php lut phc tp, kh tip cn -Tnh h thng ha ca php lut khng cao

-Vai tr ca lut s l rt ln -S pht trin ca lut thnh vn (codified law), c bit trong lnh vc TM:
-Lut mua bn hng ha ca Anh nm 1979 -B lut thng mi thng nht ca M (UCC) nm 1952
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2. H thng Civil Law -Tn ti cc nc Chu u lc a, Trung M, Nam M, Bc M (Mexico, vng Qubec- Canada), phn ln Chu Phi, mt s quc gia Chu , Trung ng -Ngun ca php lut: cc vn bn lut l ngun quan trng nht. Vai tr ca n l rt m nht. -Hnh thc ca php lut: Hin php, cc B lut s, cc Lut v nhiu vn bn php lut khc, c sp xp theo mt trt t c th bc -Cu trc ca h thng php lut:
-C s phn chia r rng gia lut cng v lut t -Lut cng: bao gm cc ngnh lut 39 -Lut t: bao gm cc ngnh lut

2. H thng Civil Law -T tng:

-Thm phn ch xt x theo lut -Thm phn khng b rng buc bi nhng bn n trc v c quyn tm kim t do trong khun kh php lut

-u im:
-Tnh h thng ha, d tip cn -To iu kin v kh nng to ln cho s lan ta ca h thng ny

-Nhc im:
-Thiu tnh m -Thiu s linh hot -i khi b lc hu so vi thc t

-Xu hng cng nhn v p dng n l ti cc nc Civil 40 law (c bit c)

3. H thng Islamic Law - L h thng lut ngoi phng Ty quan trng nht hin nay trong kinh doanh quc t -L h thng lut ca cc quc gia theo o Hi. Tn ti trn 30 quc gia (chim khong 800 triu dn) cc chu lc: Arp Xut, Libng, Ixraien, Indonesia, Pakixtan, Ai Cp, cc nc CH Trung c -Mang m mu sc ca o Hi. Ngun ca php lut: Kinh Coran v phong tc tp qun
-Kinh Coran (622 SCN) gm 6327 vn th, trong khong 200 vn th v php lut 41 -Sunna:

3. H thng Islamic Law -S pha trn gia tn gio v php lut:

-S tn ti ca cc Ta n hi gio -S phn bit i x gia nam v n -Tnh lc hu v bo th

-Php lut Hi gio hin i:

-Ci cch trong cc lnh vc khng ng chm n cc quy tc o Hi, ch yu l nhng lnh vc mi -Cc quy ch v c nhn, v hn nhn gia nh vn do quy tc Hi gio iu chnh. -Tnh hai mt trong t chc Ta n
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4. H thng Indian Law -Chu nhiu nh hng ca o gio: o Hinu, Cng gio, o Blamn, trong o Hinu l quan trng nht (85% dn s)
-X hi c chia thnh nhiu ng cp, th hin trt t XH, c quy tc ring cho tng ng p -B sch Sastra dy con ngi x s hp tri, ng c hnh -Hn ch quyn ca ngi ph n: ph n khng c quyn ly d v hng tha k, cho php ch a th -Ch ti nng nht l b ui khi ng cp

-Chu nh hng ca Common Law -Cn chu nh hng ca phong tc tp qun, l nghi, vn ha 43

4. H thng Indian Law -Php lut ch a ra cc nguyn tc c bn, cn cc vn c th vn do cc quy tc ca cc o iu chnh -Php lut n hin i: iu chnh nhiu lnh vc mi, p dng chung cho mi cng dn, khng ph thuc tn gio. -Php lut Hindu, tuy vy, vn l mt trong nhng nn tng cho php lut n hin i
-V d:
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5. H thng Chiness Law -C lch s pht trin lu i (t nm 770 TCN) -Chu nh hng ca o Khng:
- cao o c, gio dc -gii quyt tranh chp bng ha gii, -coi trng li ch tp th

-S u ha php lut Trung Quc t u TK 20: BLDS nm 1930 theo m hnh BLDS c v BLDS Nht -T nm 1949, Trung Quc i theo con ng XHCN
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5. H thng Chiness Law -Hin nay: Ci cch h thng php lut theo k thut lp php ca Civil Law: ban hnh nhiu B lut, o lut hin i. Php lut Trung Quc kt hp 3 yu t:
-o Khng v truyn thng vn ha t xa xa -Php lut ca mt quc gia theo nh hng XHCN -Du nhp nhng t tng php lut hin i t uM
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6. H thng Socialist Law -y l h thng lut ca cc nc XHCN (trc y v hin nay) -Nn tng: hc thuyt Mc- Lnin. Bn cht: bo v quyn li ca cng nhn v nhn dn lao ng -Chu nhiu nh hng ca Civil Law: k thut php in ha

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6. H thng Socialist Law -Mt s khi nim c th:

-Khng phn bit lut cng v lut t -Vn s hu

-Do c s kinh t cn yu km, k thut lp php cn yu nn php lut thng xuyn thay i, thiu h thng, cha y , cn chng cho, tn mn, thm ch mu thun -Hin nay: hin i ha h thng php lut

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c im 3: S tn ti ph bin ca hin tng xung t php lut

Khi nim XPL Cch gii quyt XPL trong KDQT

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XPL- V d
Cty Hoa K- DN Trung Quc m phn v k kt H bng vn bn, nhng sau 2 bn c lin lc vi nhau qua in thoi b sung mt s vn lin quan n bao b ca hng ha Cty TQ sau khng thc hin ng cc ch dn v bao b v cho rng cc quy nh b sung khng c hiu lc 50 Cty HK phn i

XPL- V d
H gia cng ty c v cng ty Php i tng: thit b chn nui g bng in a im k H: trin lm Lepxich (c) Sau 3 ngy vn hnh: 50.000 con g b cht ngt. Nguyn nhn: mt in, h thng si v thng gi ngng hot ng, b phn bo ng hng Nu p dng lut Php: cng ty Php thng v lut Php bo v ngi tiu dng Nu p dng lut c: cng ty c thng v 51 lut c bo v nh sn xut

Cch gii quyt XPL trong KDQT

Nguyn nhn xy ra XPL (2)
C nhiu h thng php lut khc nhau cng c th p dng Cc h thng ny quy nh khng ging nhau

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Cch gii quyt XPL trong KDQT

Cch gii quyt XPL (2)
C nhiu h thng php lut khc nhau cng c th p dng
La chn 01 h thng trong cc h thng (phng php dng quy phm xung t)

Cc h thng ny quy nh khng ging nhau

Thng nht cc quy nh khc nhau gia cc h thng lut (thng nht lut thc cht)

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Phng php thng nht lut thc cht

Cc quc gia m phn v k kt cc QT song phng hoc a phng
To ra lut chung, thng nht

V d: CISG, quy tc Hague-Visby, quy tc Hamburg Vic m phn l rt kh khn Hn ch v s lng v lnh vc
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Thng nht lut thc cht

Nghin cu in hnh: Cng c Vin nm 1980 ca Lin Hp Quc v hp ng mua bn hng ha quc t

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Phng php dng quy phm xung t

Quy phm xung t- VD iu 769 BLDS Vit Nam nm 2005: Quyn v ngha v ca cc bn theo hp ng c xc nh theo php lut ca nc ni thc hin hp ng,

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Phng php dng quy phm xung t

Quy phm xung t- VD Khon 1 iu 8 Cng c Lahay nm 1955 v lut p dng i vi mua bn quc t cc ng sn hu hnh: Lut p dng cho hp ng mua bn hng ha quc t l lut ca nc ni ngi bn c tr s kinh doanh vo lc k hp ng
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Xung t ca cc quy phm xung t!

H gia NB Nga v NM Vit Nam H khng quy nh v lut p dng Tranh chp xy ra Hai bn khng tha thun c lut p dng Khng c lut thng nht gia hai quc gia Phi p dng quy phm xung t, nhng l quy phm xung t ca Nga hay ca VN ph thuc vo c quan gii quyt tranh chp
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Nu tranh chp c xt x ti Ta n Nga

- Ta n Nga p dng quy phm xung t ca Nga p dng lut nc ni ngi thc hin ngha v chnh thng tr Lut ca Nga

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Nu tranh chp c xt x ti Ta n VN
-Ta n VN p dng quy phm xung t ca VN (iu 769 BLDS 2005): lut ca nc ni thc hin ngha v Lut Vit Nam

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Gii quyt xung t ca XPL

Cc quc gia m phn v k kt cc iu c quc t thng nht lut xung t
iu c song phng: Hip nh tng tr t php gia VN v Lin bang Nga iu c a phng: VN v Nga cha tham gia iu c a phng no v vn ny
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Hip nh tng tr t php VN- LB Nga

iu 36: p dng php lut ca Bn k kt ni bn phi thc hin ngha v chnh ca hp ng thng tr, c thnh lp hoc c tr s Lut ca Nga (Ta n VN hay Nga xt x u ging nhau)

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Cch hn ch XPL trong KDQT- i vi cc nh KDQT

Cch gii quyt trit nht:
La chn mt h thng php lut nht nh iu chnh quan h KDQT la chn lut p dng cho hp ng

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iu khon Lut p dng trong H

- Hp ng ny v tt c nhng vn c lin quan n vic k kt, tnh hiu lc, cch din gii v vic thc hin hp ng c iu chnh theo
-Lut Vit Nam -B Nguyn tc.

-This contract, and all questions relating to its formation, validity, interpretation or performance shall be governed by
- the law of Vietnam -PICC
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