The Boss

r[maqG
olykefBuD;
olykefBuD;
r[maqG
Zarni 86
Myanmarcupid Community
-1-
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
tcef; (1)
]][JY ZedE ... ZedEaum rjrifygyJvm; ...}}[k q&mawmfonf ukPmoufaomtoHjzifY

ac:vdkufav\/ ]][JY Owr ...ZedE b,frSmaeovJ ...}} xyfrHar;jref;jyefojzifY? udk&if Owronf
ausmif;cef;apYatmif vdkufvHSmazGNyD;aemuf OD;csvsuf ...
]]usufoa&cef;em;u armif;yvifay:rSm ouFef;acgif;NrD;NcKH tdyfaeygw,f bk&mY ...}}
]]w,frdkufwJYaumif ... oGm;ac:prf; ...}}[k rdefYjyefojzifY? udk&ifESpfyg; q&mawmf\aSUodkY
a&mufvm&m? q&mawmfu ...
]][JY ZedE ... eif bmjzpfovJ? eHeufqGrf;vJrpm;? aeYvnfqGrf;vJrpm;eJY aeraumif;
bl;vm; ...}}
]]aeaumif;ygw,f bk&m; ... qGrf;rpm;wmu rpm;csifvdkYyg bk&m; ...}}
]]rdkufygbd wynfh&,f? eifYtG,f oefwkef;jrefwkef; aeaumif;&ufeJY qGrf;rpm;csifwmrsm;
tHYMop&mbJ? eif bmjzpfvdkY qGrf;rpm;csif&wmvJ ...}}
ou
rO
RI
SK
]]rpm;csifvdkY bk&m; ... pm;vdkYvJ rjzpfbl; bk&m; ...}}[k vnfacsmif;udk tawmftm;xkwfum

SifZedE avQmufxm;vdkufaompum;onf q&mawmf\ pdwfESvkH;udk tawmfxdcdkufoGm;[efwlav\/
udk&ifZedEum; touf 16-ESpfcefY Sdao;aom tom;0if;0gvsuf udk,fvkH;udk,fayguf xGm;BuKdif;\/
rsufvkH; jyL;us,fMunfvif rsufckH;arG;rSm rdef;uav;ozG,f vSy\/ yJYESdyf"m;jzifY &dyfcgp OD;jynf;
qHyifrSm pdrf;pdkvsuf wpfrsKd;usufoa&SdvS\/ vufqHajcqHrsm;vnf; xGm;BuKdif;OD;rnfhtoGifudk
aqmifvsufSdav\/
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
odkY&mwGif q&mawmfonf SifZedEtm; cspfcifjcif;wdkYrSm tcsuftvuf rsm;aMumifY r[kwf?

Pfaumif;jcif;? dk;om;jcif;? pum;ajymtoHcsKd opmSdjcif;? at;at;aewwfjcif;wdkYaMumifY
jzpfav&m? udk&ifZedErSm 3-4 &ufwdkif wacGacGESifY aeaomtcg txl; pdwfraumif;awmYbJ ac:,l
ar;jref;awmfrljcif;jzpfav\/
al
us
eo
ft
his
]]aeygOD;[JY? eifbmjzpfvdkYvJ taMumif;udkajymOD;rSaygY ...}}[k rdefYaomfvnf;? udk&ifZedErSm

jyL;us,faom rsufvkH;BuD;rsm;jzifY wpfcsufrQ armfMunfhNyD;vQif wpfzef acgif;atmufcs
vufwpfzufjzifY {uoDtem;pudk udkifwG,fae\/
mm
erc
i
]][JY Owraum ... 'Daumif bmjzpfwmvJ eifrodbl;vm;/ 'Dtaumif l;aewmvm; ...}}
Co
]]wynfhawmf rodbl; bk&mY ... olYbmom ouFef;BuD; NcKHNcKHNyD; tdyfaewmyJ bk&m; ...}}
Zarni 86
-2-
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
]]taMumif;Sd&r,f ... taMumif;rJYoufouf 'DvdkrjzpfEdkifbl;/ aeOD; ... eifwdkY NrKdUxJ qGrf;cH

oGm;wkef;u b,fudka&mufMuovJ ...}}
udk&ifOwru oGufvufpGm pwif? ]]wynfhawmfwdkYawmY pkHaeatmif a&mufwmyJ bk&mY?
udk&ifZedEeJYu wjcm;pDbJ bk&mY ...}}
]]EdkY ZedEaum eifb,foGm;NyD; qGrf;cHao;ovJ ...}}
]]wynfhawmf qGrf;rcHwm 4-5 &uf SdNyD bk&mY? qGrf;rcHcsifawmYbl; ...}}
]][JY Owr ... qGrf;avmif;wJYtdrfawG ajymprf;/ eifwdkYudk uaeY aoaocsmcsm ppfaq;&r,f?
rmwkumracsmacsm b,fESpftdrfavmufu qGrf;xGufavmif;ovJ ...}}
]]tdrfawGawmY trsm;BuD;yJ bk&mY/ 'gayr,fY tacsmqkH;uawmY awmifydkif;u 0efrif;tdrfrSm
rmwkumrav; tacsmqkH;vdkY ajymMuw,f bk&mY ...}}[k SufaMumufaom trlt&mESifY avQmufxm;
av&m ...
]]tdrf; ... igodNyD? [JY oli,fruav;[m 13-ESpfavmufSdOD;r,f xifygYuvm; ...}}
]][kwfygw,f bk&mY? odyfNyD;acsmwmyJvdkY ajymMuwmyJ bk&mY ...}}
ty
ou
rO
]]w,fcufwJY ow0gyJ? ucFgyg#darmufawG wufaewm[m bmvkyfzdkYvJ ...}}
RI
SK
]]ZedE ... eif tJ'Dtdrfudk qGrf;cHoGm;ovm; ...}}[k ar;jref;awmfrl&m? SifZedEonf pum;jyef

ravQmufbJ acgif;ikHYomaeav\/ q&mawmfvnf; t"dyg,f em;vnfum? ]]aMomf ... igYSif ZedE?
eifazmufjyefwmaMumifYudk;? qGrf;rpm;Edkifavmufatmif jzpf&ovm; ZedE&,f ... rdkufygbdawmYw,f?
auom-avmrm-ecg-'Em-wapm pwJY 32-aum|mo kyftpkudk eifcifwG,fae&ovm; [if ...}}[k
qdkjrnfawmfrlaomfvnf; pum;jyefr&ojzifY ...
ll b
ea
]]wynfhawmf &[ef;rwufcsifawmYbl; bk&mY? vdifjyefcsifNyD bk&mY ...}}
eo
ft
]]rif;bZmaMumifY vlxGuf&rSmvJ wynfhi,f ...}}
his
bo
ok
wi
q&mawmfonfum; rsufvkH;jyL;vsuf ]]igYwynfh cufNyD ... tSKH;BuD;SKH; tqkH;BuD;qkH;NyD}}[k

rdefYawmfrlvsuf ...
mm
erc
i
al
us
]]raysmfvdkY bk&mY ... 'Dtwdkif;qdk&if wynfhawmf toufwdkrSmyJ bk&mY ...}}
Co
]][dkuf acG;rom; ... eifYpdwf azmufjym;vGef;vSacsuvm;/ aumif;NyD ... eifvlxGufawmY eifY

rmwkumruav;udk eif&r,f xifovm;? eifeJY eD;pyfygYrvm; ...}}
Zarni 86
-3-
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
]]wynfhawmf &wJYenf;eJY BuHr,f bk&mY ...}}[k vSpfueJ 0efcHovdk avQmufxm;rdNyD;aemuf

SufaMumufaom trlt&mESifY acgif;idkufpdkufcsaeonfudk q&mawmfonf NyKH;vsuf Munfhawmf
rl&if; ...
]]tdrf; ... ZedE ... ZedE? eifYudk q&mawmfBuD;wpfyg;jzpfatmif ig ynmoifay;csifw,f? eif
'Dvdk r[kwfyguvm;/ aumif;NyD eifvlxGuf&if bmeJYrS tquftoG,frSdEdkifbl;? 'DawmY vlrxGufeJYOD;?
ig 0efrif;tdrf oGm;wJYtcg eifvdkufcJY/ 'DtcgrSm eifcspfwJY rmwkumruav;udk MumMumMunfh&r,f/
igYSif vlrxGufeJYOD; ...}}
xdktcg udk&ifZedErSm q&mawmf\pum;udk txl;ESpfoufaerd\/ tu,f pifppfum;
4if;udk,fwdkif vlxGuf BuHpnfvQif eD;pyfzdkYrSd jzpfav&m? q&mawmfu ta&;w,l ac:iifvsuf
xGuf0ifoGm;vm&ygrl? rdrd\ cspfoluav;ESifY awGU&rnf jrif&rnf[k 0rf;ajrmufauseyfum ]]wifygY
bk&m;? tSifbk&m;trdefYoHudk emcHvdkufemygrnf bk&m; ...}}[k cyfoGufoGuf avQmufxm;vdkufav\/
aemufwpfaeYeHeuf qGrf;cHxGufcsdefwGif udk&ifZedE\ rsufESmtrlt&monf wpfrsKd;ajymif;vsuf
MunfvifaomtoGifudk aqmifaeav\/ q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;onfvnf; ouFef;kHvsuf aemufyg
OD;yif;? udk&ifrsm;ESifYtwl xGuf<uawmfrl&m oefvsifNrKdUolNrKdUom;wdkYrSm q&mawmfbk&m;udk,fwdkif
qGrf;cH<uawmfrlonf[k tkwftkwf<uuf<uufjzpfum olYxufig qGrf;ESifY qGrf;[if;rsm;udk avmif;Mu
av\/
ou
rO
RI
SK
oefvsifNrKdUawmifydkif;odkYa&mufvQif tjcm;&[ef;rsm;ESifY udk&ifwdkYudk cGJxkwf SifZedE

wpfOD;wnf;udkom aemufygtjzpfESifY ac:aqmifvsuf oefvsif0efrif;\ aetdrft0if0odkY a&mufSdvm
av\/ 0efuawmfBuD;ESifY taptyg; rdef;rrsm;onf yd@ywfqGrf;udk aeYpOfavmif;aeMutwdkif;
aeMu&mrS q&mawmfBuD;tm; zl;awGU&vQif ajrjyifwGif 0yfcsaeMuav\/ wpfzef q&mawmf\ t&dyf
tajctm;jzifY tdrfay:odkY <uvdkaMumif; odSd&um;? ]]<uawmfrlygbk&m; <uawmfrlygbk&m;}}[k yifYaqmif
Muav\/
ll b
ea
ty
xdktcgusrS 0efrif;onfvnf; tdrfay:rS anmifapmif;wpfckwGif ae&mxdkifcif;rsm; cif;um

toifYjyif xm;av\/
ok
wi
]],aeY q&mawmfbk&m;udk,fwdkif <uawmfrlvmoudk; bk&mY ...}}
us
eo
ft
his
bo
q&mawmfonf ]]tdrf;}}[k wpfcgef;wnf;om rdefYawmfrlvsuf rvSrf;rurf;wGif 0yfcsaeMuaom

0efuawmfESifY taptyg; rdef;uav;rsm;udk rodrom MunfhSKawmfrlav\/ SifZedEum;
q&mawmfBuD;ESifY 4-awmifcefYtuGm ae&medrfYwGif puKaÈcsvsuf xdkifae&av\/
mm
erc
i
al
]][dkoli,fr[m 0efrif;&JU orD;taxG;r[kwfvm; ... emrnf b,folwJYvJ ...}}
Co
]]rSefyg ... wynfhawmf&JU orD;taxG;yg bk&m;? emr,f reef;EG,fygwJYbk&m; ...}}
Zarni 86
-4-
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
]]tif; tif; ... b0qkawmif; w,fvdkYaumif;cJYykHyJ? toufb,favmufSdNyDvJ 'umBuD; ...}}

]]13-ESpf jynfhvkeD;ygNyD bk&m; ...}}
]]tdrf; ... [JY eifwdkY rSwfxm;? olwpfxl;udk remvdkpdwf? rSKpdwf? rp&d,pdwf enf;yg;cJYvdkY
ESKwfcrf;yg;pyf vSy&w,f? rsufvkH;aumif;&w,f? olwpfxl;udk oem;MuifemwJYpdwfaMumifY 'Db0rSm
olwpfxl; oem;MuifemzG,f jzpf&w,f/ 'gerSK? oDvrSK? bm0emrSKwdkYudk wwftm;orQ BuKd;pm;&r,f/
pmaumwwfuJY r[kwfvm; ...}}
]]rSefyg ... olYr,fr,fudk,fwdkif oifjyvdkY oN*K[f 0dxDydkif;avmuftxd a&mufygNyD bk&m; ...}}
]]tdrf; ... kyfvuPmuvJ ynmxufjrufr,fYykHayyJ ...}}[k q&mawmfonf 0efrif;
uyfvSLonfh vufzuf&nfMurf;? ig;ajcmufzkwf ponfwdkYudk bkOf;ay aeawmfrlav\/ odkY
vufzuf&nfaomuf&if;vnf; 0efrif;ESifY tvmyovmypum;rsm;udk ajymqdkvsufSdMu&m? SifZedE
rSmum; puKaÈBuD;atmufodkYcsvsuf wpfcgwpfcg trSwfwrJY rmwkumrrsm;udk MunfhSKrdav\/
taptyg; rdef;uav;rsm;ESifY reef;EG,fuav;rSmvnf; wpfcsufrQ jyefMunfhum NrKHUNrKHUuav; NyKH;
aerdMuav\/
RI
SK
BuKHUBuKHU,kHY,kHY ykHYykHYuav;rQ xdkifaeaom reef;EG,f\ kyf&nfvuPmudkum; SifZedEom

r[kwf? rnfonfhvlrsKd;rqdk pGJvrf;Murnfjzpfay\/ rdef;uav;wpfOD;udk rdef;rwdkif; cspfcifjcif;onf
a,musfm;uav;rsm; cspfcifonfxuf t"dyg,f ydkrdkav;eufap\/ reef;EG,fuav;udkum; jrifawGU
orQ rdef;r a,musfm; vlBuD;vli,frusef cspfcifMuonf[laom *kPfowif;rSm vGefcJYaom 3-ESpf
&moDcefYuyif ausmfMum;cJYoluav;jzpfojzifY? rnfrnfrQ tb,fuJYodkY vSyonf[k csJUxGif&efvdkrnf
r[kwfawmYacs/
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
q&mawmfbk&m;onfum; xrif;tdk;wpfvkH;csuf omomBuD;Mumatmif tcsdefjzKef;vsuf?

oDwif;okH;awmfrlNyD;rS ausmif;odkY jyef<uawmfrlav\/ oefvsif0efrif;ESifY 0efuawmfwdkYrSmum;
q&mawmfBuD;\ tBuHudk rod? rdrdwdkYtdrfodkY q&mawmfbk&m;udk,fwdkif qGrf;0wftwGuf <uvmonf
udkyif 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjzpf aeMuav\/ q&mawmf\ tBuHrSmvnf; SifZedEtm; vl0wfaMumif
wdkYESifY eD;pyfatmif aqmifGufawmfrljcif;r[kwf? tavmokH;q,f tylwjyif; SifZedE pGJvrf;ae&mrS
pdwfvufrS ajyapawmY[k y&d,m,fjyKawmfrljcif; jzpfav&m? wpfaeYaeYwGif w&m;oHa0* &Sdatmif
jyKjyifawmfrlrnf[k ESvkH;oGif;&if;SdcJYav\/ xdkaeYnyif SifZedEtm; 0wfjznfhcdkif;&if; ...
]]xifygNyD bk&m; ...}}
Zarni 86
Co
]]udkif; ... wifprf;yguGJU ...}}
mm
erc
i
al
us
SifZedEonf pum;jyef ravQmufxm;acs/
eo
ft
]]udkif; igYSif ZedE ... eifY rmwkumruav;udk eifYrsufpdxJu awG;awmxifjrifprf;[JY ...}}
-5-
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
]]udkif;uG,f ... auomqdkwJY qHyifuav;awGudk uwkH;&dwfvdkuf? uwkH;uav; jzpfaeNyDaemf?

avmrmqdkwJY rsufckH;arG;awG &dwfcsOD;/ a[m rsufckH;arG;awGvJ rSdawmYbl;aemf? ecgqdkwJY ajconf;
vufonf;awG y,fvdkufprf;? tEleJY rwlbl;vm;? 'EmqdkwJY oGm;awG jzKwfvdkuf ... tr,ftdkBuD;eJY rwl
bl;vm;/ wapmqdkwJY ta&awG qkwfvdkufprf;? tom;0gw,f jzLw,fqdkvdkY odEdkifOD;rvm;? udkif; ...
igYSif ZedE? 32-aum|morSm 5-rsKd;yJ jzKwfMunfhwJYtcg cEmtwabmBuD;udk bmrsm; cifwG,fp&m
Sdao;ovJ? olYudk,fxJrSm cRJovdyf? jynf? usifBuD;usifi,fawGvJ jynfhvdkYygvm;? 'Gg&udk;aygufu
tjrJ,dkpD;aewmyguvm;? tcktwdkif; toufi,fi,fuav;rdkY rif;pdwfrSm EkysKdw,f xifvdrfYr,f?
awmfawmfMum qHjzLoGm;a<u yg;a&awGwGefYvdkY GHp&mBuD;jzpf&rSm trSefby/ aoaocsmcsm pOf;pm;prf;?
rifYpdwfxJrSm rmwkumruav;udk cspfcifpGJvrf;ao;ovm;}}
SifZedEonf pum;jyefrajymbJ? wif;rmaeonfh q&mawmf\ aygifom;rsm;udk wHawmifESifY
wGifwGifBuD; BudwfvsufSdav\/
]]b,fYES,fvJ igYSif ... pGJvrf;ao;ovm;? wpyueJY kyfudkzsufMunfhprf; ...}}
]]wynfhawmf b,fvdkzsufayr,fY olYkyfu rysufbl; bk&m;}}[k t&JpGefYavQmufxm;vdkuf&m ...
]]aMomf ... rdkufygbd ZedE&,f? Zdukwf ewfjynfwifayr,fY eif raebJ qif;vdkYom
ajy;wmyJudk; ...}}
q&mawmfbk&m;onf SifZedE pdwfajymif;vJykH r&ojzifY cPMumvQif? ]]udkif; ... awmf ...
pmjyefacs}}[k cGifYvTwfvdkuf&av\/
RI
SK
aemufwpfaeY aetkPfusif; tvif;odkYa&mufSdaomtcg q&mawmfbk&m;rSm qGrf;cH<uawmf

rljyefav\/
wi
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
aemufawmfyg;rSvnf; SifZedEudk ac:aqmifoGm;&m 0efrif;\tdrfodkY a&mufvQif vGefcJYaom

aeYuuJYodkY tdrfay:odkY <uawmfrlav\/ xdkaeYum; 0efuawmfESifY reef;EG,fuav;udk rjrif&?
0efrif;ESifY taptyg;rsm;omvQif qGrf;0wfudk jyKvsufSdMuav\/ SifZedEu aÈr&EdkifbJ rsufvkH;
tpkHwdkYjzifY Munfhvdkoluav;udk SmazGav\/
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
q&mawmfvnf; tvdkufodawmfrlonfhtvm;? ]]b,fYES,f ,aeY 0efuawmfBuD; rjrifygyJ

uvm;}}[k rdefYawmfrl&m? ]]rSefyg ... tvSLwpfckodkY vdkufygoGm;MuaMumif;yg bk&m; ...}}[k avQmufxm;
ojzifY q&mawmfvnf; uGrf;uvyfrS uGrf;rsm;udk jyifqifbkOf;ay;awmfrlNyD;vQif jyef<uawmfrlcJYav\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
aemufawmfyg;u SifZedEum; axG&mav;yg;udk pdwful;vsuf vdkufygvm[ef Sdav\/

vrf;axmifYcsKd;wpfck q&mawmfbk&m;onf oif;ydkifatmufodkYavsmYonfudk cPrQ &yfwefYjyifqif
awmfrl&m? awG;awmvdkufygvmaom SifZedEonf q&mawmf\ausmudk 4if;\oydwfESifY wdkufrdatmif
idkifaerd&mrS ]][if}}[k tHYtm;oifYum &yfae&m? q&mawmfbk&m;u ]]igYSif ZedE ... owdxm;
owdxm;}}[k NyKH; rdefYawmfrlaomtcg acgif;udkatmufodkYcs aeav\/ xdkuJYodkYaecdkufrSmyif
Zarni 86
-6-
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
vSnf;,OfwpfpD;onf cyfvSrf;vSrf;rS jcLoHrsm;ay;vsuf tajy;uav; armif;ESifvmav&m? teD;odkY

a&mufvQif vSnf;ay:rS 0efuawmfESifY reef;EG,fuav;wdkYonf atmufodkY vsifjrefpGmqif;vsuf
usKd;EGHpGm 0wfcsaeMuav\/
]]aMomf ... 'umrBuD;wdkY jyefvmMuNyDudk; ...}}[k rdefYawmfrl&if; qkay;oem;ae&m? SifZedErSm
t0wftpm; oyf&yfpGm zD;vdrf;jyKjyifxm;aom reef;EG,fuav;udk uodkPf;uGufusatmif MunfhSK
aerdav\/ q&mawmfbk&m; aSUu vSKyfSm;xGuf<uonfudkyif rvSrf;csifvSrf;csif ajcvSrf;rsm;jzifY
vdkufyg oGm;&av\/
ykvJa&mifozG,f jzLpifnDnGwfaomoGm;? eDaxG;apYpyfaom ESKwfcrf;yg;uav;? ajyjypfaom
yg;jyifuav;? av;udkif;o@mef nDnGwfaom rsufckH;? tcgvnf EGm;i,f\ rsufvkH;ozG,f tjzL
teufuGufwGif MunfvifaomrsufvkH;? txufodkY aumYwufaom rsufawmifjzifY jrifolai;
avmufatmif vSyonfh reef;EG,f\ kyfykHuav;om rsufpdxJu rxGufbJ ausmif;0if;aygufodkY
wdkifcJYav\/ aS;u Orm'EDaMumifY l;Muonfqdkaom w&m;awmfudk ydkrdk,kHMunf[efSdav\/ rQ
vSyacsmarmaom ysKdunmESifY b,ftcgwGif aTzl;pmrQ&ygrnfenf;/ rdrd\tajctaeonf a'0p&m
ewfunmESifYwefygrnfavm/ rnfuJYodkY BuHzefeD;pyfEdkifrnfudk awG;awmr&wdkif; pdwfSKyfaxG;vsuf
ausmif;ay:odkYa&mufvQif oydwfudk tomxdk;um rSKdifawGcs&if; pOf;pm;awG;awmaerdav\/
q&mawmfbk&m;um; SifZedEudkom rjywftuJcwfaeawmfrlavYSdojzifY xdkaeYu qGrf;rpm;
pmrjyef ouFef;acgif;NrD;NcKH tdyfaeavYSdaom SifZedEtm; awGUjrifrd&um;? ntcsdef 0wfjznfhpOf
rdef;rwdkYtjypfudk azmfjy qkH;racscRwfawmfrlrnf[k awG;awmawmfrlojzifY? n oli,ftdyfqdwfcsdefwGif
SifZedEtm; ac:,lawmfrlav\/
RI
SK
]]ZedE? rif;udk igoifxm;wJY aA'ifwoif;ydkif;awG rSwfrdao;&JUvm; ...}}
ou
rO
]]wifyg ... tukef rSwfrdaMumif;yg bk&m; ...}}
ll b
ea
ty
]]aumif;NyD arxkef&moDeJY uef&moDrSm rdef;uav;wpfOD;&JU v*fpef;wpfckck[m aomMum

woif;rSm wnfae&if olYtusifY b,fvdkaerwJYvJ ...}}
ok
wi
]]awGUjriforQ a,musfm;rsm;udk BuKdufcspfwwfygw,f bk&m; ...}}
his
bo
]]tdrf; ... [kwfuNyD/ u&u#f pef;v*f[m paewoif; pD;&ifaumuG,f ...}}
us
eo
ft
]]vifudk aq;cwfNyD; aoatmif owfwwfygw,f bk&m;}}
mm
erc
i
al
]]aMumufp&mygvm;uGJU? od[f&moD v*fpef; aomMumwoif; wnf&ifaum ...}}
Co
]]vifrSwpfyg; tjcm;a,musfm;wdkYudk cspfBuKdufwwfygw,f bk&m; ...}}
Zarni 86
-7-
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
]]tdrf; ...rSwfrd&JUudk;/ yxPDtdrfrSm paewnfNyD; 'djyif ygyN*Kd[fawG jrif&ifaum ...}}

]]tysKdjzpfpuyJ rdbray;pm;bJ a,musfm;wpfOD;OD;ESifY azmufjym;NyD; ttdkjzpfwwfygw,f
bk&m; ...}}
]]rum&? ukH? rd? NAdpm 'Dav;&moDrSm v*fpef; aomMumyl;NyD; ygyN*Kd[f jrif&ifaum ...}}
]]xdkrdef;r[m olYtarESifY olyg vifwpfa,mufwnf; jzpfwwfygw,f bk&m; ...}}
]]tdrf; ... igYwynfh? 'gawG em;vnfom;yJ/ pef;ESifY t*Fgyl;vQif qkd;wmawG? t*FgtdrfrSm pef;eJY
e0if;udk t*Fg? t*Fg&JU e0if;udk pef;pD;vQif azmufjym;wwfwJY rdef;rpm;vdkY aA'ifZmwmeJY aG;&if
tjypfuif;wm&zdkY tawmfcJ,Of;yguvm;uGJU wynfh&JU/ NyD;awmYuG,f ... wd,oQw&usrf;eJY ppfaq;
&ifvJ rdef;rtrsKd;aygif; 256-rsKd;awmif Sdwm? aumif;wJYtrsKd;tpm;u enf;yguvm;/ 'gYaMumifY
olawmfoljrwfwdkY[m rdef;rudk tvGefpufqkyfawmfrlMuwm}}
]]rdef;rwdkif; [kwfr,frxifygbl; bk&mY ...}}
]][JY ... jrif;rsm;[m pD;olaemufudk aumufaumufygatmif vdkufovdk? rdef;rrsm;[mvJ awGU&m
a,musfm;aemufudk vdkufygavYSdowJY/ 'gYaMumifY Sifawmfbk&m;u jrpfqdyf? aoqdkif ponfwdkYeJY
ESKdif;,SOf a[mMum;awmfrlcJYwm ...}}
]]'gjzifYbk&m; ... rdef;rwdkif; 'DvdkjzifY cufukefa&maygY ...}}
RI
SK
]]rdef;rwdkif;awmY b,f[kwfrvJuG,f ... trsm;tm;jzifY ,kwfnhHwmudk a[m&wmudk; ...}}
ou
rO
]]'DvdkjzifY bk&m; ...}}[k SifZedEonf pum;qufrnfvkyfNyD;rS SufaMumufovdk qdwfNidrfpGm

twGifom wHawmifudk vSKyfSm;aeav\/
ll b
ea
ty
q&mawmfbk&m;onf eef;EG,fuav;uJYodkY rdef;racsm rdef;rvSuav;onf tzdk;wef y'kreD

rdef;rjrwf jzpfEdkifonf[lonfh qdkvdk&dyfudk y,fzsufawmfrlvdk&um; ...
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
]]igYSif ZedE? rdef;racsmwdkif;vnf; tusifYpm* jrwfvSw,fvdkY rxifrSm;aveJY/ q&mawmf

ajymjyr,f? aS;uwJY udE&Drdzk&m;qdkwm tvGefvSNyD; ewfwrQ acsmarGUw,fqdkyJuGJU? wpfaeYawmY
rif;BuD;eJYtwl xGuf<uawmfrlwJYtcg eef;awmfNrKdUdk;teD; oajyyifajc&if;rSm ajcvufikH;wdwd? aoG;jynf
wpdkpdkeJY tElwpfa,mufudk jrifowJY/ rdzk&m;[m tEludkjrifvQif arwmpdwf ,dkzdwfNyD; eef;awmf
jyefa&mufvdkY nOfhtdyf&m0ifwJYtcg bk&ifrif;jrwf tdyfaysmfpOfrSm NrKdUdk;ausmfowJY/ ausmfykHu tJ'D
oajyyifBuD;&JU tudkif;uvJ eef;awmfwGif; xdk;usaeawmY tJ'Du qGJwufoGm;wmyJwJY? tm* rdef;rysH
aygYuG,f/ 'DvdkoGm;oGm;NyD; tEleJY aysmfyg;um tElpm;p&m xrif;[if;awmif olu ,lcJYao;owJY ...}}
Co
]]'DvdkqdkawmYvJ ... rdzk&m;BuD;[m odyfNyD; vGefwmaygY bk&m; ...}}
Zarni 86
-8-
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
]]tdrf; wumawmf bk&ifrif;jrwf&,f? oli,fcsif; bk&m;avmif;yka&m[dwf&,f? tJonf tEl

aewJYtem; a&mufMua&mwJY/ a&mufawmYum bk&ifrif;jrwfu 'Davmuf tjrifqdk;Gm;wJY tEludkrsm;
cspfBuKdufr,fY rdef;rrsm; SdygOD;rvm;vdkY yka&m[dwfudkar;owJY/ 'DtwGif; tElu opfyifbuf
vuf,Suf Sdcdk;wJYNyD;? tSifkupdk; ... uREfkyfwdkYtaMumif; tSifomodygw,fvdkY rcHcsifwJYoabmeJY
wdkifw,fvdkufw,f qdkudk;/ 'DawmY bk&m;avmif;u &dyfrdNyD; ...}}
]]tSifrif;BuD;? nOfhpufawmfac:wJYtcg rdzk&m;udk,ftawGU b,fYES,faeygovJ ...}}
]]b,fYES,fae&rvJ? 'DvdkaygY ... aMomf wpfckSd&JU? olYudk,ftawGU[m wpfcgwpf&H at;aew,f}}
]]'gjzifY ... tSifrif;BuD; rdzk&m;[m ... a[m'D tEleJY jypfrSm;MuNyD ...}}
]][m ... r[kwfEdkifwm yka&m[dwf&,f}}vdkY rsufESmawmf nKd;oGm;owJY/ 'gayr,fY oli,fcsif;
qdkawmY pdwfrqdk;bl;aygY/ 'djyifvlqdk&if oefvsufpmjzpfoGm;rSmaygYuGJU/ yka&m[dwfuvJ oajyudkif;u
rdzk&m;vm&r,fvdkY twwfawG;NyD;? ]]'gjzifY&if tSifrif;BuD;eJY uREfkyf nus&if 'Dae&mu apmifY&atmif}}
vdkY wdkifyifxm;MuowJYuGJU/ nOfhtcsdefusawmY rdzk&m; rif;BuD;em;utxGuf rif;BuD;eJY yka&m[dwf
wdkY[m cyfokwfokwf t&ifOD;atmif oajyyifteD; arSmif&dyfu acsmif;aeMuowJY/ rdzk&m;uvJ
xrif;xkyfudk yg;pyfuudkufNyD; oajyudkif;u qGJqif;vmum xrif;xkyfudk urf;awmY? udk,fawmftElu
'DuaeY aemufus&ygYrvm;vdkY rdzk&m;&JUyg;udk vSrf;csvdkufwm em;awmif;wpfzuf uRwfxGufNyD;
bk&ifrif;jrwfajcem; usvmowJY/ bk&ifrif;jrwfu tomaumuf,lxm;wkef;? rdzk&m;u tdk tSif&JU
pdwfqdk;awmfrrlygeJYOD;? bk&ifrif;jrwf tdyfaysmfEdkifcJvdkY apmifYae&wmeJY aemufusae&wmygvdkY tcgcg
awmif;yefwdk;vQKd;NyD; trsKd;rsKd;acsmYarmYae&owJY}}
ou
rO
RI
SK
]]bk&ifrif;jrwfvJ 'gawG em;raxmifcsifwmeJY yka&m[dwfudk vufukyfNyD; tomxGufcJYMu

wmudk;/ aemufwpfaeYusawmY rdzk&m;BuD; vuf0wfvufpm;tjynfhtpkHeJY tcpm;0if&r,fvdkY trdefYawmf
csvdkufawmY olYcrsm vm&wmaygY/ em;awmif;wpfzuf 0wfqifvsufygrvmawmYbl;/ 'DawmY ...}}
ty
]]b,fYES,f rdzk&m;? em;awmif;wpfzuf rjrifyguvm; ...}}
wi
ll b
ea
]]rSefvSyg? yef;xdrfawmfudk jyifcyf&ef tyfESHxm;ygbk&m;}}
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
]][JY yef;xdrfawmfudk tjrefac:}}qdkNyD; ac:,lar;jref;awmY yef;xdrfawmfuvJ olYxH rdzk&m;BuD;

bmwpfckrQ rtyfESHaMumif;eJY oHawmfOD;wifumudk; .../ 'DawmYrS bk&ifrif;jrwfu em;awmif;udk
ypfcsay;NyD;? eif igYudk abmufrJY vdrf&ovJ? eifYtaMumif; igrodbl;rSwfvm;/ [JY tmPmom;wdkY
'Drdzk&m;udk okH;ydkif;ydkif;NyD;arQmvdkY trdefYawmfjrwf owfrSwfwJYtcg? bk&m;avmif;uvJ teD;rSm
SdavawmY? tSifrif;BuD;tm; ]]onf;cH onf;cH? uREfkyf taMumif;jyygOD;r,f}}vdkY avQmufxm;vdkuf
wmudk;/
Co
tJ'Dvdk rdzk&m;udk toufab;u ESKwf,lNyD;wJYaemuf rif;BuD;eJY bk&m;avmif; yka&m[dwfwdkY[m

rxifrSm;wJYtoGifeJY 'djyifwdkif;jynfrsm;udk vSnfhvnfMuwmudk;uGJU/ wpfaeYawmY vrf;c&D;rSm ol<u,f
Zarni 86
-9-
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
wpfa,mufu olYom;tzdkY acR;ravmif;wpfa,mufudk vSnf;eJY ac:aqmifvmwmudk bk&m;avmif;

odjrifowJY/ onfawmY aSUu wiful;NyD; Z&yfwpfckrSm wif;wdrf um&Hxm;um rif;BuD;udk wif;wdrf
xJrSm aeapowJY/
ckwifu ol<u,f&JUvSnf;tem;a&mufvmawmY bk&m;avmif;[m qHyifzm;,m;eJY tajy;uav;
xGufNyD; ]]wpfqdwf cifAsm;? uRefawmfYZeD; rD;zGm;cgeD;vdkY rdef;razmfvnf; rSdaomaMumifY rdef;uav;
wpfa,mufavmuf cPuav;xnfhay;yg}}vdkY ajymyga&m/
ol<u,fuvJ t[kwfrSwfNyD; olYacR;ravmif;udk vdkufoGm;ygqdkawmY vdkufvmwmaygY/
wdrf;wdrfxJrSm rif;BuD;eJY azmufjym;NyD; rdef;uav;jyefxGufoGm;wmudk olYa,muravmif;u ar;wJY
tcg ... om;a,musfm;uav; zGm;jrifw,fvdkY nmowJY/
bk&m;avmif;vJ rif;BuD;qD 0ifwJYNyD; ]]udkif; ... b,fYES,fvJ rdef;rtaMumif;odNyDvm;}} qdkwJY
tcg rif;BuD;u odNyDvdkY 0efcHowJY/ ]]tSifrif;BuD; bmrsm; ay;vdkufao;owkef;}}vdkY ar;wJYtcg?
oem;vdkY vufpGyfay;vdkufaMumif; ajymjyawmY? bk&m;avmif;u xGufoGm;wJYvSnf;qD tajy;vdkufNyD;
]]wpfqdwf&yfMuygOD;? [dkoli,fr[m uRefawmfYrdef;racgif;&if;u vufpGyfudk ,loGm;ygw,f}} ajymvdkY
ol<u,fu MunfhwJYtcg? olYacR;rvufrSm vufpGyf jrifwmudk;/ 'DawmY ]][JY jyefay;vdkuf}}qdkvdkY
bk&m;avmif;vufxJ vufpGyfjyefxnfhay;wJYtcg tvGefSKyfwJYolqdkwJYoabmeJY bk&m;avmif;vufudk
a,mur rjrifatmif qdwfvdkufao;owJY/
RI
SK
bk&m;avmif;vJ ]]udkif; ... tSifrif;BuD; rdef;rtaMumif; odawmfrlNyD r[kwfvm;}} ar;&m

em;vnfNyD jzpfaMumif;? 'djyif rdef;rawGvJ 'DvdkaerSmyJ? jyefMupdkYqdkNyD; wdkif;jynfjyefvmum rdzk&m;udk
rowfawmYbJ &mxl;om csxm;vdkufowJY wynfh&JU ...}}
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
]]igYSif ZedE? rmwkumrqdkwm b,fYuavmuf aMumufp&maumif;ovJ/ y'krZmwfrSm

MunfhOD;/ nDtpfudkckepfyg; crnf;awmfu olYudkykefuefrSmpdk;vdkY ESifxkwfvdkufawmY awmxJa&mufvdkY
iwfrGwfMuwJYtcg nDi,f 6-a,mufuawmY udk,fYr,m; udk,fowfNyD; tm;vkH;a0pm;Muw,f/ tpfudk
tBuD;qkH; y'krrif;om;tvSnfhusawmY olYr,m;udk cspfvGef;vdkY nOfhcsif; wdwfwdwfxGufajy;? vrf;rSm
a&iwfvdkY vufarmif;aoG;azmufwdkufeJY? 'gawmif aygifwdk vufwdkeJY awGUwJYtcg? vifBuD;aoatmif
owfNyD; aygifwdkudk BuKdufao;w,f/ aemufNyD; rif;om; 5-a,mufpvkH; vifjyKwJY rif;orD;? NyD;awmY
yygyD? ajcmufusdyfav;a,mufudk jypfrSm;wJYrdzk&m; ...}}ponfjzifY r[mukPmvZmwfedygwf qkH;atmif
a[majymawmfrlNyD;aemuf nOfheufvSNyDjzpf SifZedEtm; vTwfvdkufav\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
jrwfpGmbk&m;ocif udk,fawmfjrwfBuD;onf omuD0ifrif;om; 500 tm; &[ef;jyKay;pOfu

vlxGufcsifMu [dr0EmodkY ac:awmfrl tqdkyg r[mukPmvZmwfawmfudk a[mjyacscRwfawmf
rlaomtcg &[ef; 500-pvkH; tuRwfw&m; &Muavukef\/ SifZedEonf ynmyg&rD &ifYoefol
uav; jzpfojzifY q&mawmfbk&m;onf rdrdodum *kPfawmfESifYrSrvdkuf y&d,m,fjyKawmfrlum a[mjy
acscRwfawmfrlav\/ odkY&mwGif SifZedEum; xl;jcm;jcif;rSd? q&mawmfbk&m; qGrf;cH<uawmfrl&m
vdkufygvsuf wpfaeYwpfjcm; pGJvrf;ae[efwlav\/
Zarni 86
- 10 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
wpfaeYum; udk&ifOwronf SifZedEtm; vufukyfac:,lvsuf? vlSif;aomae&mwGif

rmwkumruav;tm; pGJvrf;vQif ausmif;om;i,f ausmfaomif;tm; pmtay;cdkif;&ef tBuHay;av\/
ausmfaomif;\txuf tpfrwpfa,mufonf oefvsif0efrif;\tdrfwGif taptyg;tjzpf aexdkifojzifY
qufoG,f&efvG,fulaMumif; ajymjyaomtcg SifZedErSm rsufESmTifysvsuf taumif;qkH;pmwpfapmifudk
a&;om;aeav\/ ausmif;om;i,f ausmfaomif;tm; acsmYarmYvsuf tay;cdkif;vdkufav\/
aemufwpfaeY ausmfaomif;yifvQif SifZedE\tem;odkY uyfvsuf reef;EG,fqDu pmjyef
vdkufaMumif;? olYqD ygvmaMumif;rsm;udkajymjy&m? twdkif;rod 0rf;omvsuf ausmif;om;i,ftm;
wpfae&modkYac:um pmudkawmif;,lav\/ pmwGifum; rdrduJYodkY rdef;uav;wpfOD;onf ouFef;0wfudk
arwmul;pufrnf r[kwfaMumif;? tu,f vl0wfaMumifjzpfapumrl uJYodkYaomvlrsKd;udk zl;pmrQ&ef
cJ,Of;aMumif;? rdrd\tG,frSmvnf; tvGefYtvGef i,fEkao;&um; ukd&ifonf pdwfazmufjym;jcif;?
oGyfjcif;rSdu BuHG,f&ef roifYaMumif;rsm;jzpf&m? Sufvnf;Suf? emvnf;em pdwfxJu [mwmwmBuD;
jzpf&m? [if; ... ueJ oufrBuD; SLcsrdav\/
trSeftm;jzifY SifZedE a&;om;xm;aompmonf reef;EG,f\vufxJodkY a&mufSdonfr[kwf?
reef;EG,fuav;\ jyefpmrSmvnf; uav;rudk,fwdkif bmrQod&onfr[kwfacs/ q&mawmfbk&m;onf
SifZedE tmomqEjywfatmif BuHaqmif y&d,m,fjyKawmfrljcif;omjzpfav\/
RI
SK
odkY&mwGif SifZedEwGifum; tmomqErjywfvSbJ tpGJBuD;pGJ tcspfcifBuD; cspfcifolwpfa,muf

qkH;SKH;avNyD[k pdwfESvkH;udk txl;xdcdkufum tpmrpm;bJaeav&m av;ig;&uftMumwGif tdyf&mxJ
vJavsmif;ae&SmavawmY\/ q&mawmfbk&m;vnf; wynfhcspfwpfa,muf &[ef;abmifrS qkH;SKH;rnf
pdk;vGef;vSojzifY rdrd*kPfudkrQ riJYEdkifbJ? vli,frSKudk 0ifa&mufzefwD;awmfrlcJY&m vli,frsm;rSm omyif
qdk;Gm;aejyefojzifY rBuHwwfatmifjzpf aeawmfrl&av\/ rdrdwwfpGrf;aom aq;usrf;? "mwfusrf;
rsm;jzifY tpGrf;ukef ukoygaomfvnf; temwjcm; aq;wjcm;jzpfojzifY oufomonfrSd? vlrrmrSm
wpfaeYwpfjcm; azmufjyefcJYav\/
wi
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
wpfcgwpf&H owdvpfvsuf a,mif,rf;ajymqdkaom pum;rsm;rsm;rSmvnf; reef;EG,fuav;\

taMumif;yifjzpf&m? oefvsif0efrif;tm; taMumif;Mum;&rnfvnf; tcuf? twdkif; MunfhSKae&rSm
uvnf; wynfhwpfa,muf toufqkH;awmYrnfh tajctaersKd; awGUBuKH&rnfjzpfojzifY tcufjzpfum
rsm;pGm pdwftdkufawmfrlSmav\/
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
q&mawmfbk&m;onf tpyxr qGrf;rpm;bJaeaom wynfhcspftm; olYcspfol rmwkumr

uav;udk teD;wGif awGUatmifjyoum rdef;rwdkYtjypfudk jyvsuf qkH;rrnf[k BuHpnfawmfrlcJY
aomaMumifY? rif;?rSL;rwf? olaX;? ol<u,f? ukefonfv,fvkyfwdkYrusef MunfnKdjcif;cH&aom rdrd\
*kPfyk'fudkrQ riJYbJ qGrf;cHxGuf<uawmfrlcJYav\/
Co
mm
erc
i
wynfhcspftm; tusKd;taMumif; jyoqkH;raomtcg? wynfhjzpfolrSm vkH;0rvdkufemEdkif? 4if;\

a&m*gwdk;wufatmif jyKawmfrlbdouJYodkY jzpfaeav\/ wpfzef rdef;uav;u vkH;0*krpdkufaMumif;?
ol\pdwfxifjrifvQif pdwfESvkH;BuD;oljzpfonfhtwdkif;? pdwftemBuD;emum pdwfawGazsmufvsuf
Zarni 86
- 11 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
&[ef;abmifodkY rkcsa&muf&rnf[k arQmfvifYawmfrlum SifOwrtm; ESKwfydwfBuHaqmifawmfrlap&mwGif

wynfhcspfrSm tdyf&may:wGif vJavsmif;ae&av\/
rdrdonf &yfGm'umrrsm;tay: tjcm;rnfonfhudpESifYrqdk ajym&Jqdk&Jjzpfum rdrdajymorQ
rSmvnf; vdkufemMuonfu rsm;cJYav\/ rmwkumrav;udpwGif q&mawmfwefrJY wynfh
cspfaMumifY zGifY[ajymqdkrdaomf rdrdtm; rlvMunfnKdaompdwfrsm;yif avsmYyg;oGm;MuayvdrfYrnf[k
pdk;&drfawmfrlrdav\/ uav;rrSmvnf; tG,f i,fEkvGef;ao;onf/ wynfhcspfvnf; tdrfaxmifonf
wdkY\ vdktyfaomtiftm; rjynfhpkHao;&um; rdkufl;&J tcspfief;zrf;aomudptwGuf 0ifa&mufpGufzuf
rdonfudk aemifw&awmfrlrdav\/ SifZedEu tdyf&mwGif rSdef;vsuf owdr&wpfcsuf? &wpfcsufyif
jzpfaewkef;yifwnf;/
OD;yif;tcsKdUESifY udk&ifBuD;tcsKdUvnf; q&mawmfbk&m;ESifYtwl SifZedEtm; ulnDjyKpkvsuf
SdMuav\/
q&mawmfbk&m;vnf; wynfhrsm;tm; obm0udk em;vnfapvdkojzifY ...
]]tdrf; ... 'grsKd;[m jzpfwwfwJY oabmayyJuGJU/ aS;u oD[dkVfuRef; o'gwdrif;BuD;
vufxufrSm rif;BuD;u &[ef;ysKdwpfyg;udkyifYNyD; w&m;emowJY/ rif;BuD;eJYwuG rdzk&m; armif;r
udk,fvkyfawGygaygY/ armif;rwpfa,mufuawmY &[ef;udk wpdrfYpdrfYMunfhowJY/ &[ef;uvJ tJ'D
armif;ri,fudk w&m;a[m&mu MunfhowJY/ rif;BuD;vnf; 'DtaMumif;&dyfrdvdkY uefYvefYumjcm;NyD;
w&m;emwJYtcg? armif;reJY &[ef;[m uefYvefYum&JU [dkzufonfzufrSm ESpfoufcspfcifvGef;wJYpdwfeJY
&ifuGJemusNyD; aoqkH;MuowJYuGJU ...}}
wi
ok
]]'gjzifY &[ef;ysKdu vlxGufNyD; vdkufvma&mvm; bk&mY ...}}
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
RI
SK
]]NyD;awmY tJ'D oD[dkVfuRef;rSmyJ &[ef;awmfrsm;[m ol<u,fwpfOD;tdrf qGrf;cH<uMuowJY/

ol<u,f&JU orD;ysKduav;[m &[ef;wpfyg;udk arwmouf0ifNyD; rtdyfEdkif rpm;Edkif jzpfaeowJY/
rdbvkyfolrsm;u tBudrfBudrfar;ayr,fY olYtjzpfudk rajymbl;wJY/ aemufqkH; r&ru ar;awmYrS
&[ef;ysKdwpfyg;udk arwmrQrdvdkY rtdyfEdkif rpm;Edkifjzpf&aMumif;? oljzifY 'DpdwfeJYyJ ao&awmYrnfh
taMumif; jyefajymawmY ol<u,fYcrsm igYorD;jzifY taorcHEdkifygbl;qdkNyD; tJ'D&[ef;ysKdqD oGm;NyD;
tusKd;taMumif; avQmufxm;SmowJY ...}}
eo
ft
his
bo
]]w,f ... Owru avmwmudk;/ q&mawmfa[mwm em;axmifygOD; ...}}[k tjcm;udk&if

wpfyg;u axmufvdkufav\/ q&mawmfvnf; uGrf;zwfrsm;udk axG;xkwfypfNyD;aemuf ...
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
]]'DawmY &[ef;ysKduvJ olYrSm C&m0goqdkwJY vlYabmifudk vGwfatmifkef;NyD; &[ef;jyK&wJY

[mrdkY b,fenf;ESifYrQ vljyefawmfvkyfNyD; arwmouf0if cspfcifjcif;rjyKEdkifbl;vdkY jiif;qefaewmudk;/
ol<u,fu twefwefavQmufayr,fY r&awmYbl;/ aemuf ol<u,fvJ tdrfudkjyefoGm;wJYNyD; &[ef;
ujzifY vlrxGufEdkifbl;vdkY ajymw,f/ 'djyif orD; arwmrQwJY trsKd;om;wpfa,mufa,mufajym? zcif
oabm wlr,f qdkayr,fY b,f&rvJ/ uav;rav;[m wpfcgwnf; toufqkH;SmowJY/ 'DawmYrSm
Zarni 86
- 12 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
ol<u,fvJ y&da'0rD; awmufavmifNyD; orD;udk oN*K[fSmw,f/ orD;&JU t0wftpm;rsm;udkvJ

&[ef;awmfrsm;udk vSL'gef;awmY? xdk&[ef;ysKd[m oN*K[fwkef; rvdkufayr,fY olYa0pkawmY &ao;
wmudk;/ tdrf; 'Dt0wfSif 'umrav;[m igYaMumifY toufqkH;wmyguvm; ... igYaMumifYyguvm;eJY
&m*ylBuD; 0ifvdkufwm? tJ'D&[ef;ysKdvJ toufqkH;Sma&mwJY/ &m*qdkwJY tyl[m onfxdatmifqdk;wJY
obm0uGJU/ 'DawmY 'Dtaumif ukpm;zdkYaq;enf;udk igYSifwdkY BuHMuprf;ygOD; ...}}[k rdefYawmfrl&m
wynfhrsm;rSm eef;EG,fESifY ay;pm;onfrSty tjcm;aq;enf; rjrifojzifY? bmyJjzpfjzpf oefvsif
0efrif;udk twif;a[majymzdkY oifYaMumif; avQmufxm;Muav\/ q&mawmfbk&m;vnf; ]]tdrf; ...
tawmfvJ 0efav;yguvm; ...}}[k nnf;wGm;aeawmfrlSmav\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
RI
SK
Zarni 86
- 13 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
tcef; (2)
SifZedE\ tjzpftysufonf oefvsifNrKdUtwGif tcsKdUtdrfrsm;odkY wdk;wdk;BudwfBudwf ysHUESHYoGm;

av\/ uRef;wdkifBuD;rsm;? ,dk;',m;yef;cufBuD;rsm;jzifY BuD;us,fcrf;em;vSaom oefvsif0efrif;\
tdrfSd tcef;wpfcef;um; tapcH rdNidrf;omESifY reef;EG,fuav;wdkYonf wpfpkHwpf&mudk wD;wdk;
ajymqdkvsufSdMuav\/
reef;EG,fuav;rSm NyKH;ra,mifa,mifESifY rsufESmuav;nKdvdkuf? nKd;i,fvdkuf? ylaqG;[ef
aygufvdkufESifYaejcif;jzifY pdwfESvkH;udk xdcdkufaom taMumif;t&mudk ajymqdkaeMuonfudk cefYrSef;Edkif
av\/ rdNidrf;omum; vuf[efajc[efESifY ...
]]bk&m;uRefr&JUarmif ausmfaomif;[m tJ'Dausmif;rSm aeawmY ausmfaomif; tdrfvm&if tukef
od&wmyJ? uRefr rajym0HYygbl;? EG,fEG,f ar;awmfrlvdkYom t&JpGefYajym&ygw,f/ olYcrsmrSm EG,fEG,fYudk
arwmSdaewm tawmfMumSmNyDwJY/ EG,fEG,fuvnf; toufawmfwm 13-ESpf jynfhcgeD;uav;om
qdkw,f? udk,fvkH;udk,faygufu 0g;rQpfpdkYBuD;vdk uspfvpf0g0if; xGm;BuKdif;acsmarGUwmudk; bk&mY ...}}
]]'Dvdkqdk&if oldkUu arwmSdMua&mvm; rNidrf;om&JU ...}}[k oabmdk;uav;ESifY ar;jref;
vdkuf&m? rdNidrf;omrSm NyKH;&,fvsuf ...
ty
ou
rO
RI
SK
]]aMomf ... EG,fEG,fuawmY tupm;rysuf uav;pdwfraysmufao;bl;/ 'gayr,fY EG,fEG,f&JU

[efyeftrlt&m kyf&nflyum,uawmY wu,fYtysKdBuD;jzpfaeNyD/ em;axmifawmfrlygOD;? olYcrsm
qGrf;rpm;EdkifbJ wrSKdifxJ rSKdifaeawmY q&mawmfu oem;wmeJY udk,fawmfwdkif qGrf;cHxGuf<uNyD;
'Dtdrfawmfudk aeYwdkif;wufawmfrlowJY/ aemufawmY w&m;eJYjyo qkH;rayr,fY r&bl;qdkudk;/
wynhfawmfawmY olYtwGufeJY toufwdk&awmYr,fvdkY avQmufxm;owJY/ 'geJY q&mawmfbk&m;vnf;
wynhf udk&ifwpfyg;udk EG,fEG,f&JUtay;eJY pmwpfapmifa&;NyD; ay;apowJY/ EG,fEG,fu arwmrSdbl;?
'Dvdkvl bmtokH;usovJqdkwJY t"dyg,feJYaygYav ...}}
wi
ll b
ea
]]tvdk bk&m;a& ... EG,fEG,f bmrSrod&ygyJuvm;/ b,fYES,fvkyfMuwmwkef; ...}}
bo
ok
]]'g[m q&mawmfYtBuHwJY/ EG,fEG,fu rkef;&if ol &[ef;abmifjrJ&JUvdkYwJY ...}}
eo
ft
his
]]tEdkY ol &[ef;abmifwufzdkY BuKd;pm;aeSmywJYvm; ...}}
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
]]b,fBuKd;pm;EdkifrvJ ... ckeu ajymygyaum? udk&ifysHwpfyg;udk Gmu oN*K[f&awmYrSmyJ ...}}

[k rdrdBum;od&orQudk csJUxGifajymjyvsufSdav\/ reef;EG,fuav;um; aS;tcgurl uav;pdwfrQ
jzpfcJY&m? Nidrf;om\ ajymjycsuft& rdrdonf ri,fawmYaMumif;udk yxr em;vnfav\/ xdkodkY tysKd
aygufp tysKdabmf0ifpwGif vkvifysKdwdkYonf arwmul;pufum cspfzufSmvdkMupjrJygvm; [laom
obm0udkvnf; odSdoGm;av\/ xdkrSwpfzef rdrdaMumifY vlwpfzufom; 'kua&mufSmonf [laom
Zarni 86
- 14 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
owif;udkMum;&jyefaomtcg pdwfESvkH;udk ,lBuKH;ypfvdkufouJYodkY xdcdkufoGm;av\/ SifZedE\

udk,fvkH;udk,fayguf? kyfvuPm [efyeftrlt&mrsm;udkvnf; tkyfa&;jyouJYodkY ay:ayguf vmcJY
avawmY\/
tapcHr\aSUum; ]]aMomf ... oem;p&myguvm;}}[k omrnom [efaqmifajymqdkvdkuf
aomfvnf; twGif;pdwfrSmrl tawmfylavmif oGm;Smav\/ avmu jzpfwwfaom obm0
yifwnf;/ at;at;aq;aq; aexdkifcJYaom reef;EG,fuav;onf pdwfESvkH;udk rnfrQxdcdkufSmoenf;
[lrlum;? xdkowif;Mum;&onfhtcsdefup xdktaMumif;udkom wpfawG;wnf;awG; wpfylwnf;ylESifY
aerdSmav&m? tpm;rrSef ttdyfrrSefawmYbJ ESpf&uftMumwGif anmifapmif;ay: acGacGuav; ae&
SmavawmY\/
rdbESpfyg;rSmum; jymjymovJjzpf aeMuSmav\/ udk,fryl acgif;rcJbJ tdyf&mxJwGif
vJaeonfh a&m*gudkrodMu? aq;q&mrsm;udk jyo&mvnf; a&m*gudk rqkH;jzwfEdkif/ aA'ifESifY ya,m*
q&m? ewf0ifykpmef;wdkYudk ar;aomtcgvnf; rdrdwdkY t,loef&mudk ajymqdkqkH;jzwfvsufaeMuojzifY
tcufBuD;cufaeMu&mrS 0efuawmfBuD;onf tapcHrsm;udk wpfOD;pD ppfaq;av\/ rdNidrf;om
tvSnfhodkY a&mufvQif SifZedEtaMumif; olodw,f xifygaMumif; rwifrus oHawmfOD;wif&mrS
awG;awmrdMuojzifY? reef;EG,fuav;tm; acsmYarmYar;Muav\/ reef;EG,fuav;vnf; rjiif;om
ojzifY [kwfrSefaMumif;0efcH&m? 0efrif;ESifY 0efuawmfBuD;onf tjyifbufodkY xGufum wdkifyifMujyef
av\/
]]uRefrawmY odyfNyD;SufawmYwmyJ/ trdEdkYrS rpifao;bl; 'Dvdkjzpf&w,fqdkwm ...}}
ou
rO
]]olYpdwf wpfcgwnf; jywfoGm;atmif [dkarmifSif aoNyDvdkY ajymvdkufMupdkYvm; ...}}
RI
SK
]]r[kwfbl; Sifr? aS;b0u a&pufyg&if BuD;aom i,faom r[kwfbl;/ jzpfwwfwJY

obm0yJ ...}}
wi
ll b
ea
ty
]][m ... 'Dvdkqdk&ifvJ olvnf; wpfcgwnf; aooGm;rSmaygY/ usKyfoabmawmY orD; tqkH;

rcHEdkifbl;/ armifSifudk vlxGufcdkif;NyD; aMumif;vrf;xm;vdkufr,f/ [kdaS;aS;wkef;u xkH;pHvdk
orD;Sifu orufSm&wmyJjzpfjzpf orD;rao&if NyD;a&maygY ...}}
bo
ok
]]uRefrvJ udk,fvG,farG;&wmygyJ ... 'gayr,fY 'djyifenf;vrf; rSdawmYbl;vm; ...}}
us
eo
ft
his
]]rSdbl; rSdbl; ... SifryJ oGm;NyD; armifSifudk vlxGufcdkif;? tdrfac:cJYr,fY taMumif;udk

ajymayawmY [kwfvm; .../ olYpdwfoufom&m&atmif ajymygaemf ...}}
mm
erc
i
al
]][dk armifSifu Mum;&wJYowif;twdkif;jzifY aorsm;aoaerSef;rS rodbJ ...}}
Co
]]tdk ... aorS aowJYtvdkufaygY/ olYem;rSm owif;aumif;Mum;&if oufomygvdrfYr,f ...}}[k

qdkojzifY 0efuawmfBuD;vnf; orD;\tcef;odkY 0ifum taptyg;rsm;udk tjyifodkY xGufapav\/
Zarni 86
- 15 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
xdkYaemuf orD;\ ezl;qHpwdkYudk prf;oyf,k,um ]]orD; EG,fEG,f ... b,fYES,f aeao;ovJ?

r,fr,fwdkY tjypfrwifygbl;/ b0u taMumif;yg&if 'Dvdkjzpfwwfw,fvdkY crnf;awmfuvJ ajymqdk
aeSmygw,f/ orD; pdwfaumif;atmifaeyg/ [dk armifSifudk vdifjyefcdkif;NyD; ae&mcsxm;ay;ygvdrfYr,f}}
[k ajzmif;jzajymqdkSmav\/
reef;EG,f\ rsufESmtrlt&muav;rSm tenf;i,f Munfvifvmav\/ wpfzef rarQmf
vifYaom rdrdpdwf\ jzpfysufykHudk awG;Sufum rsuf&nfrsm;usqif;vmjyefav\/
q&mawmfbk&m;um; vlrrm SifZedE\ eHab;wGif xdkifum vlrrm\ ZmwmcGifudk yk&ydkuf
wpfckwGif uefYulqHESifYjcpfum wGufcsufMunfhSKaeawmfrlvsufSdav\/
]]igYwynfh bmrSrjzpfEdkifbl;? tcdkuftwefY roifYwJYtcg 'DvdkBuKHawGU&wmyJ/ odrfv*frSm
we*FaEG-t*Fgyl;NyD; Ak'[l;u uef&moDrSmaew,f/ wynfhvJ em;vnfw,f r[kwfvm; ... tck
tm,ku 12-vkH; 2-yg'f 3-ADZem qdkawmY uk#KrtdrfrSm pkwftdrfpkwfBuKdufyJ/ 'gayr,fY euwd
uD'omeJYqdk&if Mumoyaw; xlv'omrSm &m[k tE&'om pm;qJ tcdkuftwefYuav;rSm 'Dvdk
zsm;aewmyJ? aumZm&m[ku od[f&moD? paeu yxPDtdrfrSmqdkawmY 'guav;wpfck enf;enf;
qdk;ayr,fY raxmif;wmygbl;/ igYwynfh rausmfapmbJ ppfolBuD;rjzpfbJ raoEdkifygbl;uG,f ...}}[k
tm;ay;pum; ajymMum;awmfrlaomfvnf;? vlrrmrSm rsufvkH;zGifYMunfhkHxufydk bmrQrajymEdkifSmacs/
cyfawGawG aMumifwufwufjzpfom aeawmY\/
RI
SK
xdktcdkuf ausmif;om;wpfa,muf q&mawmfbk&m;tm; 0wfcsum oefvsif0efrif; a&mufSd

aeaMumif; ajymqdkav&m? q&mawmfbk&m;vnf; avvkHaom vlrrmcef;rS xGufBuGum ae&mxdkifwGif
wifyvifcsdwf xdkifawmfrl&if; ...
]]b,fYES,f 'umBuD; ... bmudprsm; taMumif;xl;SdvmygovJ ...}}
ty
ou
rO
]]udpxl;awmY rSdygbl; bk&mY ... q&mawmfeJY qGrf;cHwJYtcg vdkufygavYSdwJY armifSif

aeraumif;bl; Mum;vdkY tar;tjref; vm&jcif;yg bk&m; ...}}
wi
ll b
ea
]]aMomf ... aMomf ... armifSifZedEvm;? odyfNyD; rusef;rrmjzpfaeSmw,f 'umBuD;&JU ...}}
bo
ok
]]bmjzpfvdkYwkef; bk&mY ... tat;rdvdkYvm; ...}}[k rod[efaqmif ar;av&m ...
us
eo
ft
his
]][m ... 'umBuD; bm&,fvdkY r[kwfbl;/ qGrf;rpm;bJae&mu zsm;wmygyJ/ 'Doli,fudk

cufygw,f? pdwfu olrsm;eJYrwlbl; ...}}
mm
erc
i
al
]]pdwfESvkH;BuD;ykH&ygw,f bk&m;/ em;Gufum; acgif;um;eJY PfvJ xufjrufykH&ygw,f ...}}
Co
]]'gYaMumifY q&mawmf *kpdkuf ukoae&wmaygY .../ y&d,wdbufu tvGefPfoGm;wJY

oli,fyJ ...}}
Zarni 86
- 16 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
]]b,ftcef;rSmvJ bk&mY ...}}

xdktcg teD;Sd vli,fwpfa,mufu tckwif tdyfaysmfoGm;aMumif;ESifY tcef;wpfcef;udk
vufnKd;xdk;jyav\/ q&mawmfvnf; ...
]]tdyf&if oloufomatmifvdkY tdyfaq;wdkufxm;wm 'umBuD;/ cufygw,f ... 'Doli,f?
q&mawmfawmY olYtwGuf ,lBuHK;r&jzpf&awmYr,f xifyg&JU ...}}
]]olYZmwdrsKd;EG,fudk rod&bl;vm; bk&mY ... b,folYtquftEG,fygvJ ...}}
]]oefvsiftaSUydkif;u bdk;&Jausmf&JUajr; ... SifjrwfvS&JUom;aygY ...}}
]]aMomf ... bdk;&Jausmf odNyDbk&mY ... SifjrwfvSqdkwm t&ifq,fESpfavmufu awmifilom;
wpfa,mufeJY taMumif;ygNyD; ypfxm;cJYwJY oli,fr r[kwfvm; bk&mY ...}}
]][kwfw,f 'umBuD;? oldkU&JU tjzpftysufuvJ oem;p&m? 'DvdkjzpfysufcJYMuwmudk; ...}}[k
ZmwfvSef rdefY>rufawmfrlvsufSdav\/
ou
rO
RI
SK
ou&mZf 962-ck? wydkYwGJvqef; 4-&uf paeaeYonfum; &wemyl& t0aTNrKdUawmfwpfckvkH;

rdk;csKef;onfhyrm rsm;pGmqlnHvsufSdav\/ jrefrmYZmwd jrefrmYaoG;tppf jzpfMuukefaom bk&if
rif;jrwf\ ppfonfawmf wyfom;wdkYonf bkHausmfwHcg;rS xGufjyLvsuf csDwufvmMuav&m
NrKdUawmfol NrKdUawmfom;wdkYonf ppfvrf;rab;rS wdk;a0SUjynfhusyfatmif MunfhSKaeMuav\/ ydk;ykqdk;
atmufydk;usKdufvsuf ppf0wfwefqmwdkYjzifY aoewf "m;vSHwdkYudk xrf;aqmifum av;a,mufwpfwGJ
tqufrjywf Tifysaom rsufESmtrlt&mwdkYjzifY b,fnmnDnD vSrf;vsufSdMuonfudk jrifMu&aom
jrefrmYaoG; tG,fvGeftbdk;BuD;rsm;yif i,fEkysKdrspfcsifaompdwfrsm; ay:aygufvmMu[efSdav\/
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
ajcvsifwyfom;rsm; tpOftvdkufxGufMu&mwGif ppfatmifvHrsm; wHcGefrsm; wvlvlwvGifYvGifY

0ifYwufae&mwGif wHydk;oH? c&moH? ppfatmifpnfGrf;oHwdkYrSmvnf; qlnHcsdrfYrGrf;vsufSdav\/ ab;rS
wpfjyL; ESpfjyL;ponfjzifY a&wGufaeMu&m a&wGufolrsm;yif ppfom;aygif; 5000-cefYwGif yg;pyf
anmif;um axmifaygif;wmjyESifY cefYrSef;wGufqaeMu&awmY\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
ajcvsifwyfrsm;aemufrS jrif;wyfom;rsm;rSmvnf; vSHSifrsm;? tJarmif;ac: vSHrBuD;rsm;?

aoewfrsm;udk,fpDESifY xGufcGmMu&m? jrif;cGmoHrsm;rSm qlnHyGufdkufum ajrpdkifEkH;cJwdkY ab;odkY
pifxGufvsuf jrLrsm; waxmif;axmif;jzpfaeav\/ jrif;wyfaemufrS qifwyfrsm;ygvm&m OD;pD;?
ukef;vnfpD;? yJYcsdyfppfom;rsm;? ppfAdkvfrsm; aygif;0ef;txG#f atmifvH&J&JESifY jrifawGUMu&um omvGef
pdwfx<uMuukef\/ xdkwyfom;pk\ tvsm;um; av;&mwGif;cefY Snfavonf[k cefYrSef;Muav\/
qifwyfrsm; wjznf;jznf; aGUvsm;csDwufpOf ajcvsifwyfom;rsm; qufvmjyefav\/ xdktcgusrS
aSUwyfonf wyfOD;rQomjzpf aemufxyfrnfrQvmOD;rnfudk apmifYpm;MunfhSKaeMuav\/
Zarni 86
- 17 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
wyfvrf;jywdkYonfvnf; uwDyguGyf BudrfvkH;rsm;jzifY vltaygif;wdkYtm; ab;odkY vrf;csJU

ay;apvsuf csDwufvdkufygvm&m aSUwyfOD;rS wHydk;oH? c&moH? pnfoHrsm;udk oJYoJYrQMum;&pOf? tvGef
qlnHvSaomtoHrsm;udk qufvufMum;&av\/
ppfom;rsm;\ ZeD;rsm;? uav;rsm;? rdwfaqGrsm;onf vufjyESKwfqufMu&if; atmifygap?
EdkifMuygap[k qkawmif;Muukef\/ tcsKdUppfom;rsm;rSm aysmfaysmfTifTifESifY ajcrSefcsDwufvsufSd&m
tcsKdUppfom;rsm;rSmum; om;r,m;rsufESmudk jrif&vQif rsufESmtenf;i,fysufMuav\/ odkY&mwGif
ZeD;onfrsm;rS auGUvGefoGm;aomtcg ppfaoG;ppfpdwf 0ifa&mufvmum trsm;enf;wlyif aysmfTifpGm
xGufcGmMuavawmY\/
ppfwyfrsm;rSmum; aSUwyfOD;twdkif;yif ppfMuyf? ppfrSL;? ppfAdkvf? ppfuJ? wyfrSL;BuD;rsm;
tkyfcsKyfvsuf vdkufygvmMu&m ppfjrif;rsm;\ [DoH? ppfqifrsm;\ a<u;aMumfoHwdkYjzifY aumif;uifebH
[Datmif toHvSKdifatmif toHvkH; jyef[yfaeavawmY\/ jrif;wyf qifwyfrsm; qkH;aomtcg
wpfzef ajcvsifwyfonf xGufay:vmjyefav\/
xdkenf;twdkif; wyfaygif;ig;wyf xGufcGmNyD;aemuf ajcvsifwyfom;rsm; ay:xGufvmaomtcg?
]]a[m ... tdrfaSUrif;wyfawmf xGufvmNyD/ tdrfaSUudk,fawmfuav;[m oufawmf 20-ausmfrQ
Sdao;w,f/ bkef;vufkH;? tmPmESifY jynfhpkH tvGefusufoa&Sdw,f}}ponfjzifY ajymqdk&if; MunfhSK
aeMu&mrS tm;vkH;vuf,SufaeMuav\/
ea
ty
ou
rO
RI
SK
tdrfaSUOy&mZmum; a,musfm;tmZmenfyDoaom trlt&m vuPmjzifY aÈ&&vdkufyg

oGm;awmfrlav\/ xdkYaemufrS tajrmufoHrsm; wNcdrfYNcdrfYMum;&NyD;aemuf atmifpnfatmifarmif;
wD;cwfaqmfGrf;oHrsm;udk qufvufMum;&jyefav&m ]]a[m bkef;awmfBuD;bk&m; wyfrawmfxGufNyD}}[k
ajymqdkpOf ]][JY xdkifMu? acgif;ikHY vuf,SufMu}}[laom toHrsm;ukdMum;&NyD;aemuf aTav;udkifrsm;
BudrfvkH;udkifrsm; ajy;vTm;vrf;z,f oefYSif;aeMuonfudk jrifMu&av\/ wyfom;rsm;rSm bk&ifrif;jrwf
udk,fawmfwdkif uGyfuJvsufygvmojzifY? rsufESmtrlt&m aSUwyfom;rsm;xuf wif;rmcefYnm;ykH
&av\/ aSUwyfOD;um; jrefrmc&D; 2-wdkifausmfausmfcefYodkY a&mufSdaeojzifY tdrfaSUrif;wyfrS toH
rsm;udk oJYoJYom Mum;&avawmY\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
rSwfcsuf /
/ jrefrmEdkifiH bkef;vufkH;tmPm tBuD;rm;qkH;? udk,fawmfwdkif
pGrf;&nfowdESifY jynfhpkHawmfrlvS jrefrmEdkifiHawmfudk tus,fqkH; csJUxGifawmfrlcJYonfh
[Hom0wD qifjzLSifrif;w&m;BuD;(bk&ifYaemif) ewfGmvm;onfhaemuf om;awmftdrfaSUrif;
xD;eef;qufcHcJY&m? tqdkygom;awmfudk nDawmfawmifilrif; eef;rScsNyD;aemuf bk&ifYaemif
rif;w&m;BuD; ydkifpdk;orQ e,fy,ftoD;oD; rusKd;rEGH raoroyf tpdwfpdwftrTmrTmuGJ
jcm;em;Muav&m rif;&JeErdwfbGJUcH anmif&rf;rif;w&m;BuD;onf crnf;awmf bk&ifYaemif
rif;w&m;BuD;\ bkef;vufkH;? tBuHPf pGrf;tifowdtxl;Sdawmfrlonfhtwdkif; wdkif;jynfudk
wpfvkH;wpfaygif;wnf;jzpfatmif BuHaqmifwdkufcdkuf odrf;kH;awmfrlaom tcsdefjzpfavonf/
,ckppfcsDaomtcsdefum; anmifaTe,fudk odrf;&efjzpfav\/
Zarni 86
- 18 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
tcsKdUaom vkvifysKdwdkYonfvnf; ppfa&;ppf&m em;vnfaom tbdk;BuD;rsm;tm; qnf;uyf

ar;jref;vsufSd&m? ppfwyfrsm;onf Srf;jynf anmifaTodkY csDwufawmfrljcif;aMumif;/ b,*grPd
wpfwyf? &mZoBuFef wpfwyf? oD[yawY wpfwyf? oD&daZ,saemf&xm wpfwyf? oD&d"rmaomu
wpfwyf? tdrfaSUrif; wpfwyf? rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; wpfwyf? wyfaygif; 7-wyf? wdkufqif 300? jrif;
4000? ajcvsifppfom; 35000-rQygaMumif; ajymqdkvsufSdMuav\/
wyfom;rsm;rSm tukefr[kwf? wcsKdUrQomjzpf&m? tvdkSdawmfrlvQif odef;oef;csD&EdkifaMumif;?
ppfom;rsm;xJwGif qifjzLSifrif;w&m;BuD;vufxufuwnf;u ppf&nf0aom ppfom;BuD;rsm;vnf;
ygaMumif;? ppfbufuRrf;usifaomolrsm;onf anmif&rf;bk&m;\ bkef;vufkH; PfpGrf;owdudk
,kHMunf tajrmuftjrm; 0ifa&mufvmMuaMumif;rsm;yg ajymqdkvsufSdMuav\/
jrefrmppfwyfrsm;onf awmifbufudk;cdkif? ausmufqnfe,frSjzwfvsuf? wpfaeYvQif jrefrm
q,fwdkifrQ rSefrSefcsDwufvsufSdMuav\/ ompnfe,frSwpfzef taSUawmifbuf uavm? atmifyef;
ponfwdkYukd acsmif;ajrmif;awmifi,f t&yf&yfausmfjzwfvsuf wdkufpnfwdkufarmif; wD;ESif[pfa<u;um
tm;wufoa&mcsDMu&m? anmifaTokdYa&muf&ef c&D;wpfwdkifrQvdkawmY\/
ppfjrif; 4000 ESifY wyfOD;csD&aom AdkvfcsKyfeEypnf;onf anmifaTapmfbGm;\ wyfawmf
om;rsm; t&dyftqifudk txl;*kpdkufvsufSd&m? toHBuD;toHi,frwl qlnHaom armif;wD;oHrsm;vnf;
jrefrmwyfOD;udk zkH;vTrf;oGm;ouJYodkY rSwfxif&av\/ jrefrmwyfrSL;? wyfuJrsm;ESifY jrif;pD;ol&Jrsm;
rSmvnf; vufajcwmuG<ujzifY tBuD;tcsKyfwdkYtrdefYudk apmifYpm;aeav&m? jrefrmYowdum;
aemufqkwf
avYrSd?
aSUodkY
xdk;wufwdkufcdkufavYSdonfhtwdkif;
Srf;apmfbGm;wyfOD;udk
jrefrmwyfOD;onf pwif wdkufcdkufavawmY\/
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
RI
SK
Srf;wyfom;rsm;rSm jrif;wyf? qifwyfrSp jrefrmrsm; xifouJYodkY tenf;i,frQr[kwf?

39-e,frS pkaygif;vsuf tvkH;t&if;BuD;pGmjzifY wdkufcdkufaomaMumifY tm;csif;rrQojzifY jrefrm
wyfOD;onf tajcrvSjzpfysufaepOf wyfOD;AdkvfcsKyf eEypnf;vnf; jrif;wpfpD;jzifY tjyif;pdkif;um
"m;uGyfvsuf ]]rqkwfeJY BuHBuHcHMu}}[k trdefYxkwfum aqmfMoae&m ppfyGJwGif EdkifvQifEdkif? rEdkifvQif
aopjrJ[k pdwfacgif;rmMuaom jrefrmppfonfawmfwdkYonf GyfGyfcRHcRH xdk;ckwfwdkufcdkufMuav&m
aSUwyfOD;rS Srf;wyftiftm;udk rcHEdkifojzifY y&rf;ywmjzpfMu&av\/ Srf;ppfwyfrsm;vnf; jrefrm
wyfOD;udk zdzdpD;pD;EdkifvdkufojzifY GyfGyfcRHcRH aSUodkYcsDwufwdkufcdkufvsufSd&m? jrefrm'kwd,wyfOD;
ycef;BuD; oD[yawYwyfodkYwdkif a&mufvmav\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
AdkvfcsKyfoD[yawYvnf; ]]a[Y aemufjyefrMunfheJY rsufESmapmif; acgif;tjywf? 'DSrf;awGudk

bZmrSK&rvJ? aSUodkY zdzdpD;pD;wdkuf}}[k "m;ESifYtjyif;uGyfuJvsuf wdkufcdkufckcHavae&m? aoewfoH
tajrmufoHwdkYrSmvnf; wpfrdk;vkH; qlnHvsuf ajAmif;qefaeavawmY\/ AdkvfcsKyfoD[yawYwyfrS
AdkvfcsKyfBuD;udk,fwdkif Srf;wyfusnfqHrsm;tMum;rS jrif;wpfpD;ESifY vufatmuf AdkvfrSL; wyfrSL;rsm;tm;
tm;ay;wdkufwGef;um ]]'g ArmuG? Srf;udk b,fawmYrS rSKH;bl;/ SKH;&if aozkdYaumif;onf? ao&rJY
twlwl ppfwdkuf&if;ao&r,f/ rif;wdkY&JUqkvmbf[m aoqkyJ ...}}[k tm;ay;pum;ajymMum;&if;
Zarni 86
- 19 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
awmifYawmifYBuD; ckcHwdkufckdufaeav&m? Srf;ppfwyfrsm; tm;aumif;aomjrefrmwyfudk rxdk;azmufEdkifbJ

tcsdeftawmfMumatmif vkH;axG;wdkufcdkufvsufyif SdMuav\/
tdrfaSUrif;um; aSUrS tajrmufoH? aoewfoHrsm; wpf&Hrjywf Mum;&aomfvnf; igYwyfawmf
om;rsm; Edkif&rnf[k ,kHMunfvsuf cyfrSefrSefyif csDwufawmfrlcJYav&m? jrif;apausmfppfom;wpfOD;onf
aSUrS aemufodkY tjyif;pdkif;ESifvsuf ]]oHawmfOD;wif&ef-oHawmfOD;wif&ef}}[k [pfatmfpdkif;ESifvm&m?
rMumrD tdrfaSUrif;aSUawmfodkY a&mufavvQif jrif;ay:rS qif;ouf vuf,Sufum ]]rSefvSyg? wyfOD;
eEypnf;wyf ysufaMumif;ygbk&m;? ,ck oD[yawYwyfawmfESifY axG;&pfwdkufcdkuf BuHUBuHUcHqJygbk&m;?
MumvQif Srf;tiftm;rsm;vGef; wyfawmfodkY aygufrnfpdk;&aMumif;yg bk&m;}}
tdrfaSUrif;u at;aq;aom trlt&mjzifY ]]aumif;NyD armifrif; cHEdkifatmif cHESifYMu?
igudk,fawmfwdkifwdkufrnf/ trdefYawmfjyef ...}}[k rdefYqdkawmfrlvdkufojzifY jrif;apausmfvnf; aSUwyfodkY
trdefYawmfjyefESifYav&m tdrfaSUbk&m;udk,fawmfwdkif wdkufawmfrlvdrfYrnf[k Mum;od&aom wyfawmf
om;wdkYrSm tm;tifwpfrsKd;wufvsuf vufSd "m;vSH aoewfwdkYudk acR;pD;uyfaevsufyif twif;xdk;ckwf
ypfcwfwdkufcdkufvsufSdMuav\/
tdrfaSUrif;um; rdrdwyfawmfwGif ppfuJBuD;tjzpf tjrJac:avYSdaom ]]vuf0Jpnfol}}udk
qifawmf bkef;awmufytm; aTuBuKd; wefqmyvmrsm; wif;usyfcdkifrmatmif MunfhSKjyifqifawmfrlap
NyD;rS ]]vuf0Jpnfol? oifYudk ig,kHMunfonf? owdvnf; a,musfm;yDoonf? ukef;vnfpD;/ wyfawmf
om;rsm; toifYjyifMu ...}}[k
ea
ty
ou
rO
RI
SK
trdefYawmfudk ppfem;cHrsm;rSwpfqifY toD;oD; cPcsif; qifYqdkac:awmfrlvdkuf&m? wpfwyfvkH;

ysHUESHUvsuf crnf;awmf rif;w&m;BuD;\ anmif&rf;yg vl&if;? tif;wa&mfpk? wppk? wufwl&efaemif?
aoewfvkvifawmf? vuf0JaT"m;? vufsmaT"m;wdkY\ i,fom;rsm;ESifYwuG wdkufpnfwdkufarmif;
wD;cwfaqmfESKd;um twif;csDwufav&m? oD[yawYvnf; tdrfaSUbk&m;udk,fawmfwdkif csDwufvmNyD
jzpfojzifY txl;tm;Sdvsuf ]]wdkufa[Y wdkufMu ... tdrfaSUbk&m;vmNyD}}[k trdefYjyefav&m?
Srf;wyfom;rsm;vnf; ppfwdkufemrnfausmf tdrfaSUbk&m;vmNyD[laom toHudkMum;vQif pdwfwpfrsKd;
jzpfoGm;Mu[efwlav\/
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
tdrfaSUwyfawmfom;rsm;um; ol&JbDvl;rsm;uJYodkY wpfzuf&efoludk &efolrSwf? rdrdwdkY

jrefrmwyfrsm;udkyif ausmfvGefvsuf Srf;ppfom;rsm;tm; xdk;ckwfdkufESuf aoewfoHw'dkif;'dkif;ESifY
wdkufzsufaeMuav&m? apmfbGm;\wyfom;rsm;onf wyfajcysufvsuf aemufodkY wpfpwpfp qkwfpjyK
av\/ Srf;ppfom;rsm; aGUonfudkjrifav jrefrmwyfom;rsm; tm;wufavjzpfum twif;zdMuav&m?
wpl;vTm;vTm;ESifYaeaom tdrfaSUrif; qifawmfrSm wyfBuD;wpfckvkH;udk ywfcsmvSnfhaeonf[k
xifrSwf&av\/
Co
mm
erc
i
anmifaTapmfbGm;onfum; rdrdwyfom;rsm; tajcrvSonfudk jrifojzifY aemufodkY

qkwfrSef;rod qkwfum anmifaTNrKdUwHcg;udk ydwf ckcHrnftaeESifY wdkufcdkufaeav&m? wyfawmfrS
]]NrKdUwHcg; rydwfrdapeJY ... NrKdUwHcg; rydwfrdapeJY ...}}[k [pfatmfaomtoHrsm;ESifYwuG jrefrmwyf
Zarni 86
- 20 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
tvkH;t&if;wdkYonf Srf;wyfom;rsm;ESifY ta&ma&mtaxG;axG; ckwfjzwf&if;yif NrKdUwHcg;udk pD;rdav\/

tdrfaSUudk,fawmfvnf; qifawmfjzifY NrKdUwHcg;odkY twif;0ifav&m ESpfzufrS nyfvsufvTwfaom
vSHSifrsm;onf ukef;vnfpD; vuf0Jpnfol\ tJarmif;vSHjzifY dkufcwfumuG,fjcif;jzifY tdrfaSU
udk,fawmfrSm toufab;rS vGwfuif;cJYav\/
jrefrmwyftm;vkH; 0ifrdaomtcg Srf;wyfom;rsm;vnf; vufeufcsum apmfbGm;ESifYwuG
tnHhcHMuav\/ aemufqkH;wyfrS b0Sifrif;w&m;BuD;onf om;awmf tdrfaSUrif;u Srf;apmfbGm;
rsm;ESifYwuG rSL;rwftcsKyftcsm[lorQudk aSUawmfta&muf qufoGif;av&m? anmif&rf;bk&m;u ...
]]tarmifapmfbGm;wdkY ... igYom;awmf&JU bkef;vufkH;udkyif rcHEdkifMuukefwum; ...}}
]]rSefvSyg ... rcHEdkifMuaMumif;ygbk&m; ...}}
ou
rO
RI
SK
]]igudk,fawmfwdkif jrefrmwdkYopmcHe,fy,frsm; axmifxm;vsufSdonfudk opmawmfcH&ef

odrf;oGif;aejcif;yifjzpfonf/ igwdkY bdk;awmf bDawmfrsm; vufxufuyif 39-vkH;rSKdif;udk tpdk;&aom
tarmifapmfbGm;rsm;wdkYudk bdk;ab;bDrsm; opmcH ao0yfpGmaecJYMuonf/ igwdkYonf rnfrQ pGrf;tif
owd wefcdk;Sdonf[k tarmifwdkYtm; ppfqifjyacsaomfjim;? igwdkYonf tarmifwdkY\ tkyfcsKyfa&;?
jynfwGif;pD;yGm;a&;? tarmifwdkYpdwfBuKduf pDrHcefYcGJa&;wdkYudk rnfonfhtcgrQ 0ifa&mufpGufzufawmf
rlavY rSdMu/ igwdkYjrefrmbk&if ousomuD0if rif;rsKd;? jrefrmdk;tpOfrSm rdrdwdkY vufeuftiftm;
aumif; EdkifiHi,frsm;udk odrf;ydkufaomfvnf;? xdkEdkifiHi,frS aTaiGypnf;vmbfvmbudk wyfrufarm
EdkifYxufpD;eif; rw&m;odrf;,lavYrSdaMumif; tarmifwdkYtodyifjzpfonf/ ,ckvnf; tarmifwdkY
tnHhrcH axmifxm;ckcHom Edkifeif;atmif wdkufcdkufaomfvnf;? tarmifwdkYEdkifiHudk igwdkYodrf;rnf
r[kwf? tarmifwdkYonf igwdkY\opmudk cHkHrQom? aemiftcg raxmifxm; raESmifY,Sufavatmif pDrH
vdkonf}}[k rdefYawmfrlav&m Srf;apmfbGm;rsm;vnf; vuf,SufOD;csum opmawmfcHygrnfbk&m;[k
avQmufxm;MuojzifY? toD;oD;udk opmawmfay; vGwfvyfpGmaexdkifMu&ef csufcsif; cGiYfjyKawmfrlcJY
av\/
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
aemufwpfaeYwGif jrefrmppfwyfBuD;onf tif;0aejynfawmfodkY jyefvnfqkwfcGmcJYav&m

uavm? atmifyef; paom NrKdUrsm;tvGefwGif nae 3-A[kd&farmif;cefYwGif ppfpcef;csvsuf aeMu
av\/ vuform;ud&d,mESifYwuG wHwm;? wJtdrf taqmuftvkyf tvGefuRrf;usifMuaom jrefrm
ppfom;rsm;onf cPcsif;yif AdkvfrSL; ppfuJrsm;tzdkY wJrsm;ESifY bk&ifrif;jrwfESifY tdrfaSUudk,fawmftzdkY
,m,DwJeef;rsm;udk aqmufvkyfNyD;pD;av\/ ae0ifonfESifYwpfNyKdifeuf awmif&dyfawmifajc\
tSdefaMumifY qD;ESif;aygufwdkYonf wpfvkH;wpfpkwnf; wzGJzGJusvsufSd&m? ppfom;rsm;rSm csrf;at;p
jyKojzifY rD;xif;rsm;zdk aeMuav\/ tdrfaSUrif;\ wJeef;awmfESifY wpfac:omomavmufwGif
vuf0JpnfolESifY tjcm;Adkvfrsm; wnf;cdkaeMu&m vuf0Jpnfolum; wpfpkHwpf&mudk jyefvSef
awG;awmonfh toGifESifY ai;armaeSmav\/
Co
tdrfaSUrif;\wyfawmfwGif tdrfaSUrif;rSm AdkvfcsKyfjzpf vuf0JpnfolrSm ppfuJjzpf&um;?

tdrfaSUrif;uvGJvQif xdkwyfwGif tBuD;qkH; ppfuJbuft&mSdjzpfojzifY tjcm;ppfrSL; ppfuJrsm;rSm
Zarni 86
- 21 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
tedrfYwGif cpm;aexdkifMu&av\/ aoG;aomuf a&mif;&if;buf AdkvftcsKdUwdkYom ppfuJBuD;\ azmfaGpGm

jyKrlcsufaMumifY eD;eD;uyfuyfaeEdkifMuav\/
xdktcdkuf Srf;tbdk;BuD;wpfa,mufESifY q,fESpftG,foli,fwpfa,muftm; ppfrSL;wpfa,muf
aSUaqmifvsuf vuf0Jpnfol\tem;odkY a&mufSdvmav\/ vuf0Jpnfolvnf; oli,ftm; aoG;ajym
ouJYodkY pl;pdkufMunfhSKum ]]b,fuvJ armifrif;}}[kar;av\/
]]rSefvSygbk&m; onfoli,fu tSifbk&m; awGUvdkaMumif;ajym onftbdk;BuD;ESifY wyfawmf
om;rsm;udk wpfqifYwpfqifY ar;jref;ojzifY ac:aqmifvm&jcif;jzpfygonf bk&m;}}
]]a[Y oli,f? rif;ub,fuvJ/ b,folYom;vJuGJU}}[k ar;vdkuf&m uav;rSm zswfvwf
oGufvufpGm ...
]]uRefawmf SifjrwfvS&JUom;? uRefawmfYtar oefvsifrSm bdk;&JausmfeJYaew,f/ uRefawmfY
tazu udk&JacgifwJY}}[k qdkpOf? tjcm;AdkvfrSL;rsm;onf vuf0Jpnfol\ rsufESmudk MunfhSKMuav\/
vuf0Jpnfolum; xdktcgusrS om;\cspfjcif;jzifY uav;tm; ayGUzufum &ifcGifwGifxm;&if;
]]rif;tazudk odovm;}}[k erf;SKwfar;jref;av\/ uav;rSm aoG;ajymonfhtvm; rlvuyif
vlBuD;onf rdrdtazjzpfrSmyJ[k xifrSwfaepOf? ppfuJBuD;u zGifY[ajymaomtcg 0rf;enf;0rf;om
jzpfvsuf zcif\ vnfyif;udk wif;usyfpGm ayGUzufxm;rdSmav\/
RI
SK
ppfuJBuD; vuf0Jpnfolvnf; om;uav;tm; tm;yg;w& xyfrHerf;SKwf ayGUzufxm;&mu

]]rifYudk taz ay;cJYwJYemrnf rSwfrdao;&JUvm;uGJU/ rif; 'Dudk bmvdkYvdkufvmwmwkef; ...}}[k ar;jref;
av&m? tG,fESifYrvkduf jyefajymonfudk ai;pdkufem;axmifMuav\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
]]uRefawmf tcgvnfom;u tazypfoGm;w,fqdk ... bdk;bdk;u ajymw,f/ bkd;bdk;u eifYtaz

emrnf armif&JacgifwJY/ awmifilbk&ifYqDrSm ppfrSL;uav;tjzpfeJYaeowJY/ aemuf eifYarareJY
taMumif;ygNyD; eifYudk arG;awmY bkef;jrifYvdkY emrnfay;owJY/ aemufawmY eifYtaz[m eifa&m?
eifYtareJY 'dkYudkygypfNyD; t0udk xGufoGm;owJY/ bdk;bdk;[m vufsmwHcg;rSL;BuD;wJY/ tazxGufoGm;awmY
bdk;bdk;udk awmifilbk&ifu ,kHMunfawmfrrlbl;qkdNyD; wHcg;rSL; rvkyf&awmYbl;/ bkd;bkd;eYJ uRefawmfwdkY
oefvsifrSm ajymif;NyD;aeMuw,f/ bdk;bdk;vJ olYv,fawGudk olYwynfhawGeJYvkyfudkifNyD; at;at;
pm;aomufae&w,f/ ararvJ uRefawmfeJY tvGrf;ajz&owJY/ aemuf uRefawmf uav;awGeJY
upm;awmY ]a[Y tazrSdwJY aumifuav; ... tvGefapmfum;wJYaumifuav;}eJY qdkMuw,f/
olrsm;awmY bkef;BuD;ausmif;oGm;&if olYtazawGeJY? uRefawmfawmY arar&,f? bdk;bdk;&,f? 'Dvdk
oGm;&w,f/ &efjzpfMu&ifav uRefawmfu b,folYrSraMumufbl; uRefawmfdkufwmyJ/ dkuf&if
bmwJY ... xxufqdk; qdkvm; oldkUajymMuw,f/ aemuf ararYudk txyfxyfar;awmYrS araru
tazSdw,fvdkYajymw,f/ uRefawmf tazYudk Munfhcsifw,f/ NyD;awmY tazYudk tarYqD jyefac:
csifw,f/ taz jyefvdkufr,f r[kwfvm;}}[k wGwfwD;wGwfwm ar;jref;aeav&m? zcifBuD;rSm
rsuf&nfrsm;0Jvsuf ai;armae&Smav\/
Zarni 86
- 22 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
]]aeygOD; vluav;&JU ... rif; b,fYES,f 'Dudka&mufvmwmvJ ...}}

]]uRefawmfvJ tazb,frSmvJqdkawmY tif;0r,fqdkvdkY arar&,f vdkufydkYay;yg ... bdk;bdk;&,f
vdkufydkYay;ygeJY ajymwm/ c&D;u a0;w,fwJY? 'geJY uRefawmfwdkY t&yfxJu ukefonf OD;pdk;jrwdkYvSnf;eJY
tif;0txd oGm;Mur,fqdkvdkY olwdkYeJY vdkufajy;vmw,f/ vlBuKHudkvJ rSmxm;cJYw,f/ tif;0a&mufawmY
NrKdUdk;taSUawmifbufu ppfom;awG xGufoGm;Muwm uRefawmfwdkYMunfh&ao;w,f/ udk&JacgifqdkwJY
vlwpfa,mufudk rodbl;vm;ar;awmY b,folrSrodbl;/ aemuf OD;pdk;jru ar;ay;rS tr,fav; emrnf
rac:ygeJY/ r[mOy&mZm&JU vl,kHppfuJBuD; vuf0Jpnfolqdkwm i,femrnf udk&JacgifwJYqdkrS
odyf0rf;omNyD;? uRefawmfwpfa,mufwnf; aemufu ajy;vdkufcJYw,f ...}}
ou
rO
RI
SK
]]ppfwyfBuD;udk tajy;vdkufayr,fY rrDbl;? xrif;uvJ odyfqmawmY bkef;BuD;ausmif;rSm0ifNyD;

pm;&w,f/ nusawmYvJ tajy;vdkufvmwm? va&mifeJY tazwdkYppfwyf em;aewmawGU&vdkY ar;jref;
vmr,fvkyfw,f/ vlawG&JU ab;u aoewfxrf;NyD; vrf;avQmufaewJY vlBuD;wpfa,mufu
aoewfBuD;eJYcsdefaevdkY ajrBuD;rSm0yfNyD; ae&w,f/ NyD;awmY uRefawmfaewJYtem;u opfyifu
vSKyfaeawmY vSHeJYvSrf;ypfvdkufw,f/ oldkUqD rvm&bl;xifyg&JUvdkY cyfa0;a0;rS opfyifwpfyifay:
wufNyD; opfyifcGMum;xJrSm tdyf&w,f/ 'Dvdkcsnhf 4-5 n opfyifay:rSmtdyfNyD; vdkufvmawmY
atmufu usm;awGu wpfcgwpfav tay:armYarmYMunfhw,f/ reufus&if 'DtaumifawGSdovm;
qdkwm MunfhNyD;rS twif;ajy;&w,f/ aemufqkH; [dkGm bmGmac:ovJ? tJ'DrSm tpmrpm;&vdkY tm;jywf
vJaeawmY 'Dtbdk;BuD;u uRefawmfYudk auR;arG;jyKpkxm;Smw,f/ Armwyfqdk&if 'Dvrf;u jyefrSmyJ?
'DGmtvGefrSm ppfpcef;cswwfw,fqdkvdkY 15-&ufavmuf apmifYae&w,f ...}}[k pDumywfukH; ajymqdk
av&m? ppfuJBuD;rSm ]]jzpfrSjzpf&yav vluav;&,f ...}}[k nnf;wGm;pOf AdkvfrSL;BuD;wpfa,mufu
]]tif; aoG;aomuf&JYom;uawmY toufi,fi,fSdao;? tazYaoG;ygyJAsm? Munfhprf;yg awmBuD;
awmifBuD;xJ wpfa,mufwnf; raMumufrGHUvdkufajy;vmw,f ...}}[k ajymqdkav\/ ppfuJBuD;um;
om;jzpfoltm; auR;arG;xm;aom Srf;tbdk;BuD;tm; vufpGyf? txnfwdkYudk qktjzpf ay;cJYNyD;vQif
jyefvTwfvkdufav\/ xdkYaemuf om;uav;tm; wpfnvkH; ,k,jyKpkvsuf? eHeufvif;aomtcg rdrd
pD;aomqifwGif wif t0aejynfawmfta&muf wifaqmifcJYav\/
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
uav;rSmum; t0aejynfawmfwGif 14-5 &ufcefYMumvQif? uav;wdkYobm0 rdcifudk

vGrf;qGwfjyefojzifY zcifBuD;yg vdkufydkYzdkY ylqmvsufSdav\/ xdktcsdefum; anmif&rf;
rif;w&m;BuD;onf crnf;awmf qifjzLSifbk&m;\ e,fy,ft&yf&yf wpfvkH;wpfpnf;wnf;jzpfatmif
wdkufodrf;zdkYta&;BuD;vSojzifY vuf0JpnfoluJYodkY ta&;t&ma&mufaom ppfuJBuD;wpfa,mufvkH;udk
wpfv ESpfvcefY cGifYvTwfxm;Edkifrnfr[kwf&um;? opmSdaom ZeD;onfESifY a,murBuD;tm; rsm;pGm
awGUvdkaomfvnf; xdktBuHudkvufavQmYum? om;uav;udk ukefa&mif;vmMuaom OD;pdk;jrqdkolESifY
tyfESH vufaqmifypnf;? aiGaMu;? trSmpmrsm;udkyg a&;om;vsuf uav;udk acsmYarmYjyefvTwf
vdkuf&av\/
Co
]]olYpmxJrSm bkef;BuD;qD oD;oefYpmwpfapmif ygvmao;w,f/ bkef;BuD;eJY armif&JacgifuawmY

awmifilxJu od&if;pGJ? tpu awmifilrSm bkef;BuD;vkyfaepOfuwnf;u 0ifxGufoGm;vmaewm/
bkef;BuD; oefvsifrSm ausmif;vmxdkifawmYvJ vSLzG,f0wK rjywfydkYavYSdw,f/ olYom;udk &[ef;abmif
Zarni 86
- 23 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
jrJr,fxifu &[ef;abmifta&mufydkYzdkY? rjrJu avmuDynm wwfatmifoifzdkYvJ rSmvdkufavawmY?

oli,f 10-ESpftG,fuwnf;u tdrfudk aeYcif;avmufjyefNyD; ausmif;rSm tdyfpm;aeSmw,f 'umBuD;/
bkef;BuD;rSm ykxkZOfqdkawmY 'if;uav;udk om;vdkcspfrdw,f/ tckawmY 'if;uav;aMumifY cufwmyJ}}[k
rsufESmawmfnKd;vsuf nnf;wGm;Smav\/
0efrif;u ai;pdkufem;axmif&mrS ]]udk&JacgifeJY wynhfawmf pum;rpyfrdMuvdkYyg bk&m; .../
udk&JacgifeJY wynfhawmf[m a&mif;&if;buf aoG;aomufrsm;yg/ ol awmifiltdrfaSUqDrSm wyfrSL;uav;
tjzpfESifY aepOfuwnf;u txl;cifcJYygw,f/ aemuf wynfhawmfu uAsm? vuFm? &wk oDqdk
a&;pyfrSKrSm ewfSifudk,fawmfu oabmusawmfrlvdkY? oefvsif0eftjzpfeJY ydkYxm;wmuvm; bk&m;}}[k
jyefavQmufxm;&m? udk&ifwpfyg;u SifZedE Edk;aeNyDjzpfaMumif; avQmufxm;vmojzifY pum;quf
jywfoGm;av\/
4if;wdkY pum;ajymcsdefrSm rsm;pGmrMum jrefrmwpfem&DavsmYavsmYrQjzpf&m? oefvsif 0efrif;rSm
q&mawmf\ajymjycsufudk pdwf0ifpm;onfxuf rdrdorD;ESifY 'kujzpfaeaom armifSif\ taMumif;udk
b,fvdkqufpyf,l&ygYrvJ[k awG;awmaejcif;u rsm;ojzifY? pum;qkH;MuvQif ]]'gxuf armifSif
bma&m*gvJ bk&mY}}[k qufar;av&m? q&mawmfrSm pum;tpcufvSojzifY awGa0 ae&mu ]],ck
'umBuD;eJY onfoli,fYtaz a&mif;&if;bufqdkvdkY ajym&OD;r,f? 'umBuD;oli,f[m [dkaS;wkef;u
oD[dkVfuRef; ol<u,forD;wpfa,muf ...}}[k armifSifESifY reef;EG,fuav; jzpfysufaeykHudk ESKdif;,SOf
ajymjyav&m? 0efrif;rSm olYorD;vnf; odkYjzpfysufaeaMumif; ajym&rnfcufvSojzifY y&d,m,fjyKum
]]'DvdkjzifY bk&m;wynfhawmfudk apmapmrdefYygawmY/ 'if;wdkY vlBuD;csif; aMumif;vrf;xm;NyD; okH;ESpf
okH;oD;avmuf apmifYapwmaygY/ armifSifudk tm;ay;pum; ajymMuyg bk&m; ...}}
RI
SK
]]om"k om"k? bkef;BuD; tvGeftrif; 0rf;ajrmufw,f 'umBuD;/ 'umBuD; rsufESmjyay;ygOD;}}
ou
rO
bkef;BuD;ESifY 0efrif;onf SifZedEteD;odkY xoGm;Muav\/ bkef;awmfBuD;onf SifZedE\

udk,fuav;udk tomt,mvSKyfvsuf ...
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
]][JY ZedE eifYudk usef;rmatmifjyKwJY/ a[m'D 0efrif;u cGifYjyKvdrfYr,f/ Munfhprf; 'DrSm 0efrif;}}
[k ajymqdkav&m? SifZedErSm jyL;us,faomrsufvkH;BuD;rsm;udk cyfarS;arS;zGifYum MunfhSKNyD; jyef
rSdef;aeav\/ 0efrif;u ]]armifSif? usef;rmatmifBuKd;pm; ...}}[k ajymqdkNyD;vQif q&mawmftm;
0wfcsvsuf 0efrif;xGufcGmoGm;av\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
Zarni 86
- 24 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
tcef; (3)
SifZedEESifY reef;EG,fuav;wdkYum; ESpfOD;ESpfzuf vlBuD;rsm;u oabmwlBuNyD[laom toH

Mum;uwnf;u a&m*ga0'em oufomvmcJYMu&m? wpfvcGJ ESpfvtMumwGif ESpfOD;pvkH; 0NzKd;
pdkjynf? SifZedEum; Sifemrnf aysmufum armifbkef;jrifY[laom i,femrnfjzifY oefvsifwGif vlarmf
jzpfaeav\/ wHcg;rSL;a[mif; bdk;&JausmfESifY SifjrwfvSwdkYvnf; q&mawmfu tusKd;taMumif;
ajymjyojzifY oefvsif0efrif; oabmwlrnfhtcsufudk odSd&um;? rdrdwdkY\ aowGif;xGuf om;ajr;
uav;twGuf txl;0rf;omMuav\/
vlBuD;rsm;0w&m;twdkif; aMumif;vrf;xm;&onfjzpf&m? ou&mZf 969-ck? uqkefvwGif
oefvsif0efrif;tdrf vlBuD;vlaumif;tcsKdUESifY q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;udk,fwdkif a&mufSdaeav\/
y&dowfrsm;tm; vufzuf&nf jrefrmrkefYrsm;jziYf auR;arG;{nfhcHNyD;? bdk;&Jausmfu rdrdajr;? t0
aejynfawmf ppfuJBuD; vuf0Jpnfol\om; armifbkef;jrifYtm; aersKd;ausmfacgifbGJU& oefvsif0efrif;\
orD; Sifeef;EG,fESifY aMumif;vrf;apYpyfaMumif;? rdrduvnf; rdbrS tarG&aom v,fajry,fwpf&mudk
,ckuyif vufzGJUypnf;tjzpfESifY ay;tyfonfhtjyif? EGm;tSOf; 20? EdkYpm;EGm;r 35-SOf;? jrif;
3-aumifwdkYudkvnf; ay;tyfaMumif;ESifY ajymqdk&m? oefvsif0efrif;uvnf; ,ckuyif rdrduvnf;
v,fy,f-50? aiGcGuf-10? aTvuf0wfvufpm;rsm; vufzGJUxm;aMumif; ajymqdkMuav\/ orD;
Sifeef;EG,f 16-ESpfjynfhaomtcg vufxyfr*Fvmtcrf;tem;udk usif;yrnfjzpf&m? ,ck uwdxm;aom
ypnf;rsm;udk tydkifay;tyfrnfjzpfaMumif;ESifY toD;oD; ESKwfuwdxm;Muav\/
ou
rO
RI
SK
ykqdk; rwdkrSnf? yk0grjynhfwpfjynfESifY cyfwnfwnfxdkifvsufSdaom armifbkef;jrifYonf

vlBuD;rsm;\rsufESmudk Munfhvsuf rsufvkH;Munfvifaeav&m? rdciftem;wGif xdkifaeaom
Sifeef;EG,fuav;um; SufpEdk;aom trlt&mjzifY OD;acgif;udkatmufcsaeSmav\/ <uvmMuaom
y&dowfrsm;vnf; owdkYom; owdkYorD;wdkY wifYw,fykH? aSUaemufvdkufykHwdkYudk csD;rGrf;ajymqdkvsuf
jyefoGm;Mu&m? ESpfzufrdbESifY tdrfwGif;tapcHtcsKdUom usef&pfMuav\/
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
4if;wdkYvnf; {nfhcH&mrS q&mawmf\aSUodkYvma&muf udpNyD;pD;aMumif; avQmufxm;awmf

rlMu&m? q&mawmfvnf; om"kac:vsuf rsKd;aumif;aqGaumif; yDoaMumif;? wifYw,foifYjrwfaMumif;
rsm;udk rdefYawmfrlNyD;vQif jyef<u&ef jyifqifawmfrl&m? tm;vkH; 0wfcsuefawmY&if; usef&pfMuav\/
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
aS;xkH;pHum; rdbvlBuD;csif; aMumif;vrf;NyD;aomf rdrd\&nf;pm;tdrfodkY ykef;vQKd;uG,fvQKd;

r[kwf? ajymifajymifwif;wif; 0ifxGufoGm;vmEdkifMuav\/ ESpfOD;awGUqkHMuaomtcgvnf; ESpfOD;
tuvufryg pum;xm 0Sufvdk0Suf? aS;wkef;utaMumif; `rGufvdk`rGufESifY nOfheufrS jyefavYSdMu&m?
ESpfOD;awGUqkHum rsufESmcsif; 00BuD; MunfhSKMu&onfudkyif auseyfaeMuav\/
Co
]]av;wpf&mYqD? xkHxkHi,farT;? ukefukefa0;NyDrdkY ...}}paom awmifwGif;OD;aMumY\ SmykHawmf

yg0ifonfh av;wpf&mqDum; [dkaS;ya0oPDuyif eef;awmfoleef;awmfom; olaX;ol<u,fwdkY okH;pGJ
Zarni 86
- 25 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
Muonfh qDarT;rsKd;jzpfcJY\/ qDcsdefwpfusyfom;vQif aiG'*Fg;usyfwpf&m (0g) tav;wpf&m ay;&

aomaMumifY av;wpf&mqD[kac:av\/ oefvsif0efrif;\ wpfyifwdkifeef;[kqdktyfaom orD;uav;
Sifeef;EG,f\tcef; oif;ysHUarT;BuKdifum wvSKdifvSKdifjzpfaeaom &eHYum; xdk&eHYyifjzpfvdrfYrnfwum;/
onfanmiftxufrS jrifYwufaomtkH;puf&mwGif rapmif;wapmif;ESifY acgif;uav;ruswus
rSDumaeSmrluav;rSm Sifeef;EG,fuav;yifjzpf\/ xdkaeYxdktcsdef qwfozl;&JU wpfkHESpfkH paom
oDcsif;ray:ao; oDcsif;oHyifr[kwfvifYupm; tjcm;aw;&wkuav;rsm;udk wdk;wdk;oDqdk aeay
vdrfYrnf/
tapcH rdNidrf;omum; pmqdkawmf e0a';BuD;\ bk&m;wdkif&wkrsm;udk oHaeoHxm;ESifY zwf
aeav&m Sifeef;EG,fuav;rSm rsufawmifpif;vsuf aomwtmkH cHpm;aeav\/ xdktcdkuf tdrfaSU
zdeyfcRwfrS ESKwfqufoH? rdrdtcef;qDodkY a&mufvmaomajcoHudk Mum;&av&m? &ifuav; wmuG<u
jzpfvsuf vufuav;jzifY tomzdrdav\/ tysKdZmwf0ifcgpwGif tzdkqdk ,ifzdkrQ roef;zl;ao;onfh
twdkif; txl;wkefvSKyfacsmufjcm;aeavonf/
]]EG,fEG,f a[m vmNyD? bk&m;uRefr oGm;awmYr,f ...}}[k rdNidrf;omuajymav&m? ]]tdk SifuvJ
ta&;xJusrS b,fudkoGm;&rSmvJ/ EG,fEG,fYtem; aeprf;yg/ pum;rajymwwfygbl; ...}}[k rNyKH;wNyKH;
ajymaepOf OyuvlxGufonf tcef;0odkYa&mufvmav\/ uRef;wdkifBuD;rsm;wGif xGef;ndxm;aom
qDrD;wdkifrsm;onf rD;awmufrsm;,drf;uvsuf? SifvlxGuftm; ajymifavSmifjyaeonf[k xifrSwf&
av\/ armifbkef;jrifYum; tjyifwGif owdaumif;olwpfa,mufjzpfvsuf? ae&mwGif tb,fYaMumifY
&ifckef&onfudk rpOf;pm;wwfatmifjzpfaeav\/
ou
rO
RI
SK
arT;BuKdifaom&eHYonf wysHUysHUvSKdifoif;vsufSd&m? ]][,f bmaMumuf&rSmvJ? ol&Jobuf

pD;wm r[kwfbl;}}[k ajcvSrf;rsm;udk aSUodkY twif;rSdwfwdk;av\/ rdNidrf;omum; tpdrf;oufouf
jzpfSmolESpfOD; jzpfysufykHudk acgif;ikHYNyKH;ae&mu ...]]EG,fEG,fuvJ udk,fYqDvmwm ac:rSaygY ...}}[k
wdk;wdk;ajymrS ]]tdk ...olYrsufpdjrifom;yJ? vmwwfygw,f ...}}[k jyefajympOf? SifvlxGufonf ppfyGJBuD;
wpfyGJudk ZGwfrSdwfwdkufcdkufvdkuf&bdouJYodkY EG,fEG,f\anmifapmif;wGif 0ifxdkifav\/
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
EG,fEG,fuav;onf MunfvifaomrsufvkH;uav;jzifY wpfcsufrQ vSefMunfhNyD;vQif 4if;\

udk,fuav;udk BuKHUBuKHU,kHY,kHYjzpfatmifjyif xdkifaeav\/ tuif;yg;aom rdNidrf;omonf ]]EG,fEG,f
r,fawmfBuD;cdkif;xm;wmuav; oGm;NyD; vkyfacsygOD;r,f ...}}[k ajymajymqdkqdk rwfwwf&yfav&m?
EG,fEG,fuav; ESKwfcrf;jyifpOfyif taygufodkY xGufcGmoGm;av\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
armifbkef;jrifYum; vnfacsmif;xJrS renf;npfxkwf&aomavoHjzifY ]]usef;rmygNyDvm;

EG,fEG,f}}[k ar;jref;vdkuf&m? 4if;pum;onf armifbkef;jrifY aG;cs,f&mwGif aS;OD;ay:xGufvmaom
pum; jzpfojzifY &,fzG,fyifjzpfapumrl EG,fEG,fonf OD;acgif;udkndwfum ]][kwfuJY usef;rmygNyD ...}}
[k ajymqdkav\/ xdkwGif pum;&yfvsuf wpfOD;udkwpfOD; twefMum MunfhSKaeMu&m? rsufESmcsif;
qkHrdvQif EG,fEG,fu acgif;uav;atmufodkY tcsvdkuf? EG,fEG,f\ wpfudk,fvkH;udk uodkPf;uGuf
usatmif MunfhSKaerdav\/
Zarni 86
- 26 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
EG,fEG,fu jyefarmYaomtcg rsufESmcsif;qkHjyefojzifY? ]]tdk oljzifYMunfhEdkif&efaum ...}}

ajymqdkvdkufaom toHav;udkyif em;0ifcsKdvsuf? xdktcgusrS pOf;pm;xm;orQ pum;pay:um ]]tckvdk
rMunfh&&if aoawmYr,f ... EG,fEG,fYaMumifY touf,JY,JYusefwJYolrsm; 'DavmufMunfhwmuav;udk
0efrwdkoifYygbl; ...}}[k avavQmufqufrdojzifY ...]]tdk EG,fEG,fu rMunfh&bl;vdkYrajymygbl;? 'gxuf
udkbkef;jrifYudk wpfckar;csifw,f ...}}[k r&Jw&JESifY pav&m? ]]bmwkef; EG,fEG,f ar;prf;ygOD; ...}}[k
cGifYjyKavvQif ]]aMomf ... EG,fEG,f&JUtoufu i,fi,f? cifwG,fwJYpdwfu tm;BuD;vdkY wjcm;enf;eJY
tawG;acsmfawmfrrlbl;vm;vdkYygyJ ...}}[k tvGefYtvGef SufaMumufaomtrlt&mjzifY ar;jref;av&m ...
]]rxifygbl; EG,fEG,f ... rxifygbl;? EG,fEG,fYudk tvGefyJ 'Du arwmSdaeawmY wkHYjyefwJY
oabm jzpf&r,fvdkY ,kHMunfygw,f? EG,fEG,f&JU kyf&nfuav;[m tvGeftzdk;xdkufwefwJY tqif;ajy
toGifxl;olrdkY 'djyifxifrSm;zG,f&m taMumif;rSddk;trSefyg ...}}
xdkYaemufrlum; &mZ0if Zmwfedygwf taMumif;rsm;ESifY aS;wkef;u taMumif;awGudk &if;ESD;pGm
ajymqdkaeMuav\/ armifbkef;jrifYonf tonf;pGJcspfcifoluav;xHrS oufBuD;acgif;csomomwGif
ESKwfqufxGufcGmcJY&m? zdeyfcRwf apmifYaeaom oli,fcsif; jrpHudk vufukwfESKd;um aetdrfokdY
jyefvmcJYav\/
tdrfodkYa&mufaomtcg EG,fEG,fuav;\ tjyKtrl tpcyfodrf;udk pOf;pm;ay:ayguf&if;
tawmfnOfheufrS tdyfaysmfav&m? EG,fEG,fuav;rSmvnf; armifbkef;jrifY\a,musfm;yDoykH? toHvkH
Munfvifjywfom; oGufvufpGm ajymjyykHwdkYyg wpfa&;a&;jrifvsuf tdyfaysmfSmav\/ teD;rS ,yfcwf
ay;aeaom tapcHrsm;vnf; toD;oD; tdyf&modkY0ifMuav\/
RI
SK
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
oli,ftdyfqdwf tcsdefwpfcsdef oefvsifNrKdU taSUydkif; okH;aqmifNyKdif tdrfBuD;wpfaqmif\

wpfckaom tcef;wGif touftG,ftm;jzifY 30-ausmf 40-eD;yg;Sd rdef;rBuD;wpfOD;onf aypm
wpfcsyfudk zwfSK&if; rsuf&nfrsm; wawGawG pD;usvsufaeSmav\/ touf 17-ESpfcefY qHyif
awmifqkyfcefYudk ydk;rnf;csnfygESifY pD;xm;aom vkvifysKdwpfa,mufonf teD;odkY a&mufvmum
rdcifvufxJu pmudk qGJ,lzwfSKaeav\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
]]pma&;rSmMum;vdkufonf SifjrwfvS? nJwdkYudk aeYpOfrjywf igtrSwf&onf/

igYom;uav; bkef;jrifYudk csif;jyefoGm;uwnf;u tjrJrjywf vGrf;emusvsufSd&m? ,ck
aejynfawmfwGif crnf;awmfrif;w&m;BuD; odEDppfyGJu tjyef ewfGmvm; om;awmfBuD;
Oy&mZmonf r[m"r&mZmtrnfESifY xD;arGeef;arGudk qufcHvsufSdonf/ igYrSm ,ckrif;w&m;
vufxufawmfwGif aS;uxufydkrdk wefcdk;Sdonfu wpfaMumif;? EdkifiHawmf ao0yf
ydjym;atmif wdkufckdufodrf;oGif;ae&onf wpfaMumif;rsm;aMumifY nJwdkYxH vmcsifvsuf
rvmEdkifjzpfonf/ nJwdkY uqkefvu yg;vdkufaom pmudk 0gqdkvwGif a&mufSdaomfvnf;?
Zarni 86
- 27 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
ppfcsDoGm;ae& 0gacgifvjynfhausmfrS zwf&onf/ zwfNyD; ,ckpmudk jyefa&;&onf/

bkef;jrifYudk aersKd;ausmfacgiforD;ESifY ay;pm;ojzifY txl;0rf;ajrmufonf/ igESifY a&mif;&if;
bufjzpf pdwfwludk,fwl jzpfcJYzl;olrsm;jzpfonf/ igYrSm nJwdkYudk vGrf;emusayr,fY nJwdkY
ta&;xuf EdkifiHta&;? omoemta&;u ydkrdkBuD;av;vSonfhtjyif? wdkif;jynfcspfolwdkif;
jyKvkyftyfaom 0w&m;jzpfojzifY? ppfyGJwGif aouao? raou nJwdkYESifY jyefvnfqkHawGU
&rnf[k atmufarYonf/ igYom;uav;udk igwdkYwdkif;jynfESifY trsKd;udkcspf&ef nTefMum;ygav/
pmudk vl,kHwpfa,mufwGif tyfvdkuf& nJwdkY zwfNyD;u rD;wifygav/ igYom;ESifYig
tquftoG,fSdaMumif; tjcm;ol rodu? csif;\aemifa&;aumif;rnf[k ,kHonf/ nJwdkY igwdkY
uHaumif;vQif 4-5 ESpfwGif awGUqkHjyefaygif;&rnfvdkYxifonf/
armif&Jacgifu t0aejynfawmfrS 969-ck 0gacgifvjynfhausmf q,f&ufaeYwGif
a&;ydkYonf/}}
]]uRefawmfvJ vGrf;wmyJ arar ... 'gayr,fY b,frSm wwfEdkifygYrvJ/ uRefawmfwdkYuHu

'Dvdkzefvmwmudk;}}[kajymqdkaeav&m? SifjrwfvSrSm om;uav;\rsufESmudk wpfcsufrQ MunfhNyD;vQif
]]igYom;[m rif;tazeJY wpfcsufrQ omNyD;wlw,f/ rif;tazuawmY wpf,loefBuD;uGJU/ olYpdwf
rxif&if aemufrqkwfbl;/ ararYudk oltvGefcspfw,f/ cspf&ufeJY igYom; tcgvnfom;rSm pGefYypf
xGufcGmoGm;wmyJ}}[k rdrdwdkYtaMumif;udk jyefajymif;ajymqdkaeSmav\/
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
RI
SK
awmifilNrKdU vufsm0if;awmfrSL;BuD;\aetdrfwGif 0if;rSL;BuD;\orD; touf 20-tG,fcefYSd

SifjrwfvSonf rdrdESifY&nfiH&if;Sdol wyfrSL;uav; armif&JacgifESifY cspfwif;ESD;aESm ajymqdkvsuf
SdMuav\/ xdktcsdefum; awmifilbk&ifxuf om;awmftdrfaSUrif; ewfSifaemifonf tvGef wefcdk;
BuD;cdkufjzpfavonf/ SifjrwfvS\ acsmvSaom *kPfowif;onf awmifilNrKdUwGif ausmfaZmxifSm;
aomfvnf; wyfrSL;uav;\ ol&owdudk ,kHMunfolwdkYrSm wkNyKdifydk;yef;jcif; rjyK0HYMuacs/ tdrfaSU
rif;om;\ uRef,kH AdkvfrSL;rif;xifvufsmbGJUcH armif&mpdk;wpfa,mufomvQif tNyKdif ydk;yef;0HYav\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
vufsm0if;rSL;BuD;um; armif&Jacgiftm; orD;arwmrQaeonfudk auseyfojzifY? rdrdtdrfwGif

0ifxGuf oGm;vmaeonfudk cGifYjyKxm;cJYav\/ armif&mpdk;um; tdrfaSUrif;uRef,kHjzpfojzifY
ypfypfcgcgajym&ef cJ,Of;vSojzifY tvdkufoifYpGm aexdkifcJY&av\/ SifjrwfvSum; armif&Jacgifudk
arwmrQoavmuf armif&mpdk;tm; arwmrJYav&m awGUqkHonfhtcgwdkif; rdrdarwmrSdonfh tajc
taeudk ajymjyaomfvnf;? armif&mpdk;onf vufavQmYjcif;rSd? SifjrwfvSESifY eD;uyfpGm pum;ajym&
onfudkyif auseyf aecJYav\/ armif&Jacgifonf uJYodkY aemufaemifu taMumif;rsm;udk
awG;awmylyefrdaomtcg cspfoluav;tm; ...
Zarni 86
- 28 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
]]jrwfvS&,f ... igawmY nJudk b,fvdkcspfw,fvdkY nJtodyJ/ &mpdk;u tdrfaSUuRef,kHqdkawmY

oif;u tdrfaSUudk,fawmfudk tm;udk;NyD; twif;BuHrSmudk pdk;&drf&ygw,f/ nJ&JU crnf;awmfu tvdkwl
vdkufrSjzifY usKyfrSm &ifuGJemeJY aokHSdawmYw,f}}[k vSKdufvSJpGmajymvdkufaomtcg? SifjrwfvSum;
ajyusaeaom qHyifrsm;udk odrf;kH;um aemufwGJxkH;&if; ...
]]udk&Jacgif&,f ... usKyfpdwfaepdwfxm;udk awmf todom;yJ/ usKyfpdwfrSm awmfuvGJ&if zGJESifY
qefuGJavmufrS 'djyifvludk rxifygbl; ...}}
]]'guawmY ajymdk;xkH;pHudk;uGJU/ wu,fY tusOf;tusyfus&if b,fYES,fvkyfrvJ ...}}
]]'DawmY touftaocHjyvdkufr,f od&JUvm; ...}}[k tm;wufoa&m ajymqdkav&m?
armif&JacgifrSm cspfoltm; MunfTifaom rsufESmjzifY auseyfpGm MunfhSKaeav\/ xdktwGif;
jyif;xefaom ajceif;oHudk Mum;&ojzifY ESpfOD;rSm NidrfoufaeMuav&m? wif;rmcufxefaom
trlt&mjzifY AdkvfrSL;rif;xifvufsm\ trlt&mudk jrifawGUMu&av\/
]]a[Y &Jacgif? 'DaeY rif;wdkYwyfu ppfa&;jyzdkYSdw,f/ 'DrSm bmvmvkyfaewmvJ ...}}[k cyfrmrm
ajymvdkuf&m? &Jacgifonf wif;rmaom trlt&mjzifY ...
]]usKyfvmcsifvdkY vmaewmyJ/ rif;tyl wpfaG;om;rS rygbl; ...}}
]]rif;xuf &mxl;BuD;wJY AdkvfrSL;? rif;igYudk rcefYav;pm;rajymeJY ...}}
]]a[Y rif;AdkvfrSL;ayr,fY igYwyfu Adkvfr[kwfbl;/ rqdkifwJYol&JUtrdefYudk emcH&rSmvm; ...}}
ty
ou
rO
RI
SK
]]w,f 'Dtaumif "m;pmjzpfoGm;a&mYr,f ...}}[k toifYvG,f,lvmaom "m;tdrfrS "m;Snfudk

qGJxkwfvdkuf&m? &Jacgifvnf; rwfwwf&yf &ifudk aumYvsuf? ]]ckwfvdkufprf;yg cH&Jygw,f}}[k
ajymqdkpOf? SifjrwfvSonf vlESpfa,mufMum;u rwfwwf&yfvsuf? ]]awmfwdkY[m ausmfraumif;
Mum;raumif;}}[k 0ifa&mufjzefajzav\/
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
rif;xifvufsmum; tdrfaSUuRef,kHjzpf omrnvlwpfa,mufjzpfvQif owfypf0HYaomfvnf;?

armif&JacgifrSm awmifilbk&ifrif;jrwfxH ppfAdkvfcsKyfBuD;u toem;cH omrefppfom;uav;b0rS
wyfrSL;tjzpftxd csD;jrifYjcif;cH&ol jzpfojzifY? tu,f &Jacgif wpfpkHwpf&mjzpfu ppfAdkvfcsKyfBuD;
cHrnfr[kwf[k awG;rdaomaMumifY? ]]rif;vdktaumifeJY igY"m;rwefao;bl;}}[k "m;ukd jyefodrf;av\/
&Jacgifvnf; wmSnfpum;rajymvdkojzifY ]]jrwfvSa& jyefvdkufOD;r,f? nJ&JU opmudk vkHatmif
apmifYygbd}}[k qdkum xGufoGm;av\/ rif;xifvufsmu ukwifwGifxdkifum ...
Co
mm
erc
i
al
]]b,fYES,fwkef; jrwfjrwfuJY ... 'Dvdk taumifpkwfaMumiYf armifYudk aoGzDawmfrlwmvm; ...}}[k

rcsKdrcsOf rsufESmESifY ar;jref;av&m? SifjrwfvSvnf; rSwfavmufatmifajymrnf[k oabmydkufvsuf ...
Zarni 86
- 29 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
]]usKyfwpfckajymr,f? awmfwdkY usKyfwdkYpD;wJY &xm;aemufu uyfygwJY jrLrSKef[m &xa&EkjrLvdkY

ac:w,f/ tJ'DjrL[m qHyifwpfyif&JU tykH 36-ykHrSm wpfykHrQSdw,f/ aemufwpfcg x&Haygufu aepG,f
a&mufvdkY jrif&wJY jrLrSKefawG[m wZm&DjrLvdkYac:w,f ...}}
]]'g bmjzpfovJ jrwfjrwfuJY? bmawG avQmufajymae&wmvJ ...}}
]]qkH;atmif em;axmifygOD;/ tJ'D wZm&DjrL[m &xa&EkjrL&JU 36-ykH ykH&if wpfykHyJ yrmP
Sdw,f/ 'DawmY Bwdef;q {u t|xGufvkduf&if wZm&DjrL[m qHwpfyif yrmP&JU waxmifYESpf&m
udk;q,fYajcmufykHrSm wpfykHbJSdw,f? tJ'D wZm&DjrL&JU 36-ykH wpfykHudk tEkjrLvdYkac:w,f/ tEkjrL&JU
46-ykH wpfykHSdwJY jrLudk y&rmEkjrLvdkYac:w,f/ tJ'DjrLudk bk&m;&[Emrsm;rS jrifEdkifw,f/ 'DawmY
y&rmEkjrL&JU toacFsykHrSm wpfykHavmufrS awmfYudk arwmrSdbl;/ 'g aemufqkH;odzdkY pum;yJ ...}}[k
ajymqdkNyD;vQif oGufvufpGm ae&mrS xoGm;av&m? rif;xifvufsmonf tHYtm;oifYusef&pf&mu
rvSrf;csifYvSrf;csif ajcvSrf;rsm;jzifY xGufcGmoGm;&av\/
rif;xifvufsmum; rdrd tBudrfBudrf oGm;a&mufydk;yef;orQ aemufqkH; tcsnf;ESD;jzpf&onfudk
awG;awmrdaomtcg? xdkodkY tcsnf;ESD;jzpf&jcif;onf &JacgifaMumifY[k pdwfESvkH;axmif;vSojzifY
tdrfaSUudk,fawmfxH &JacgifESifY tcspftwGuf "m;upm;vkdaMumif;rsm;udk avQmufxm;av\/ tdrfaSU
rif;vnf; ]]igYuRefrS wu,fYowdcJ/ rif; "m;upm; qdk&mrSm ol&Jaumif;wkdYtvkyfyJ/ i&Jacgif&JU
AdkvfcsKyf aersKd;oufawmfSnfqD taMumif;Mum;vdkufrnf}}[k rdefYawmfrlav\/
ou
rO
RI
SK
rMumrD tdrfaSUbk&m;tdrfawmfwGif rif;xifvufsmtrnfcH AdkvfrSL;armif&mpdk;ESifY ocF,mbGJUcH

wyfrSL;uav; &JacgifwdkY "m;pGrf;jyMurnf[laom owif;rsm; xGufay:vmav\/ wyfrSL;uav;um
ol&owdESifY jynfhpkHonf[k ausmfMum;aomfvnf;? "m;a&; rnfrQwwfuRrf;onf[k rodMuolu
rsm;av\/ rif;xifvusfmum; "m;a&;vSHa&;wGif NyKdifbufrSd uRrf;usifoljzpfaMumif;udk odSdol
rsm;ojzifY wyfrSL;uav;twGuf oem;Muav\/ aersKd;oufawmfSnfum; rdrdcsD;jrifYxm;aom wyfrSL;
uav;udk om;t&if;ozG,f cspfcif&um; 3-4 ESpfcefY "m;a&;vSHa&;udk jyoxm;aomfvnf; yGJawGU
rjrifbl;ojzifY pdwfrcsatmifjzpfaeav\/
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
csdef;qdkaomaeY&ufodkYwdkifaomtcg? tdrfaSUudk,fawmfESifY AkdvfrSL;wyfrSL;rsm; ae&mtqifYqifY

edrfYjrifY &mxl;jcm; om;em;pGm jyifqifxm;vsufSdav\/ ajruGufwpfckwGifum; q,fawmif
ywfvnfcefY ajrudk Sif;vif;xm;av\/ tdrfaSUrif;onf aersKd;oufawmfSnftm; ]]b,fYES,f
oufawmfSnf? "m; b,f"m;udk aG;cs,fxm;ovJ? "m;trsKd;wl&r,faemf}}[k rdefYav&m ...
eo
ft
]]rSefvSyg ... uRefawmfrsKd; pdwful;udk avQmufcGifYjyKawmfrlyg}}
mm
erc
i
al
us
]]wifap ...}}
Co
]],ck wyfrSL;uav; &JacgifESifY AdkvfrSL; &mpdk;wdkYta&;rSm csif;wdkY&nf;pm;ESifY ywfouf

tcspfppfyGJrQ jzpfygonf/ onfuJYodkY udpuav;ESifY wpfOD;wpfa,muf toufqkH;SKH;apvQif? ppfyGJwGif
t&ma&mufolwpfOD; qkH;SKH;rnfjzpf? crnf;awmfbk&m; tjypfwifawmfrlygvdrfYrnf/ odkYjzpfyg
Zarni 86
- 30 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
aomaMumifY csif;wdkYtm; vkH;ywf wpfrdkuf? tSnf okH;awmifYxGmdSaom wkwfrsm;jzifY wpfOD;udkwpfOD;

wkwfa&;jyvsuf rxEdkifatmif dkufMuapvQifoifYygrnfbk&m;}}
armif&Jacgifum; "m;jzpfap? aoewfjzpfap? ,SOfNyKdif0HYaMumif; avQmufxm;vdkaomfvnf;? rdrd
AdkvfcsKyfBuD;\ trdefYudk vGefqef&ef cJ,Of;ojzifY acgif;ikHYem;axmifaeav\/ trSeftm;jzifY
AdkvfcsKyfBuD;onf rdrd\wyfrSL;uav; ta&;edrfYvQif oufom&m&apawmY[laom oabmjzifY BuHpnf
&jcif; jzpfav\/
xdkodkY jyifqifajymqdkaeMucdkufwGif vufsm0if;rSL;BuD;ESifY orD; SifjrwfvSwdkY vma&mufvsuf
Sdonfudk y&dowfwdkY 0dkif;0ef;MunfhSKMu&if;? tcspfppfyGJ jzpfxkdufaom kyf&nfESifYjynfhpkHygayonf[k
csD;rGrf;Muav\/ om;tzESpfOD;um; tdrfaSUudk,fawmf\trdefYudk rvGefqefEdkifojzifY vma&mufMu
&jcif; jzpfav\/ xdkpOftcgum; tdrfaSUudk,fawmf ewfSifaemifrSm &mZ"mwkuvsmudk pGJvrf;aecdkuf
jzpfojzifY? SifjrwfvS\ kyftqif; rnfrQwifYw,fapumrl wdrf;nGwfawmfrljcif; rSdcJYacs/
udk,fawmfwdkif wnfom;tESpf wkwfESpfacsmif;udk udkifwG,fMunfhSKvsuf vufqjzifY? ]]tvGef
av;ayw,f armifrif;rsm;? omrnvlrsm;onf wkwf\tzsm;u udkifwG,fa0SY,rf;EdkifzdkYyif cJ,Of;
vdrfYrnf}}[k rdefYqdkav\/ xdkYaemuf tdrfaSUuRefawmfwpfa,muftm; wkwfrsm;udkcsdefwG,fap&m?
tav;csdefnDrQvsufSdojzifY? ]]udkif; tav;csdefawmY ajymzG,frSd/ odkYaomf pma&;wHcs a0iSawmf
rlrnf}}[k rJvdyfESpfck ayGufi,fwGifa&;vsuf pmrwwfaom vufyg;ap tdrfaSUtysKdawmfwpfOD;udk
tESKdufcdkif;um a0iSvdkufav\/ SifjrwfvSum; SufaMumufaom trlt&mjzifY tdrfaSUtysKdawmfrsm;
tv,fwGif OD;csxdkifae&m? armif&Jacgif\rsufvkH;rSm rD;awmufrwwfjzpf aeav\/ tdrfaSUrif;tm;
vuf,Sufvsuf avQmufxm;cGifYawmif;NyD;vQif ...
ea
ty
ou
rO
RI
SK
]],ck wkwfdkuf yGJudk 0ifETJwdkufcdkuf&rnfrSm pifppf jyKrlxdkufaomtcsuf r[kwfyg?

uRefawmfrsKd; Mum;zl;oavmufrSm ESpfOD;NyKdif &nfiHMu&mwGif vkHrysKdu arwma0cGJr& jzpfvQifom tcspf
ppfyGJjzifY tEdkif,lMu&pjrJ jzpfygonf/ ,ckwpfrlum; rif;xifvufsmtm; SifjrwfvS\ arwm
wkHYvS,fjcif; vkH;0rSd? uRefawmfrsKd;tay:om arwmcsdefcGifvQm tpGef;xGufvsuf? &moufyef
aygif;oif;zdkY uwdxm;NyD;jzpfygonf}}
wi
ll b
y&dowfxJrS ]][JY &Jacgif? aMumufovm;}}[k ar;Muav\/
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
]]raMumufygbl; ... tusKd;taMumif;udk avQmufxm;jcif;rQjzpfygw,f/ 'DppfyGJudk 0rf;ajrmufpGm

0ifETJzdkY toifYyg}}[k ajymNyD;vQif rdrdykqdk;udk wif;rmatmif atmufydk;usKdufav\/ rif;xifvufsmvnf;
toifYjyifqifvsuf Sdav\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
rif;xifvufsmrSm wyfrSL;uav; armif&Jacgifxuf vufav;vkH;cefY t&yfjrifYvsufdSav\/

udk,fvkH;udk,faygufrSmvnf; oefrmxGm;BuKdif;vsufSd&m? SifjrwfvSuav;rSm EdkifrSEdkifygYrvm;[laom
trlt&mjzifY MunfhSKrdSmav\/ odkY&mwGif wyfrSL;uav;\ t&yftarmif;onfvnf; ao;i,f
Zarni 86
- 31 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
vSonf r[kwf/ txl;ojzifY vufarmif;tdk;? &iftkyf<uufom;rsm; azmif;<uaejcif;onfyif odkif;ESifY

"m;vSHta&;wGif ESpfSnfvrsm; avYusifYcJYolwpfOD;jzpfaMumif; azmfjyouJYodkY xifrSwf&av\/
ESpfOD;om; wkwfwpfacsmif;pD udkifrdav&m? tjcm;ppfAdkvfESpfOD;onf 'dkifvlBuD;tjzpf ab;u
apmifYaeMuav\/
armif&Jacgifonf wkwfSnfudk tzsm;u udkifvsuf a0SY,rf;Munfh&m? rif;xifvufsmvnf;
tvm;wl jyKrlvsufSdav\/
ESpfOD;om; &ifqdkif av;awmifuGm &yfaeapNyD;aemuf tcsufay;vdkuf&m ESpfOD;pvkH;
tuJcwfvsuf wpfOD;udkwpfOD; twefMum BunfhSKaeav\/ rif;xifvufsmonf &Jacgif\ i,fxdyf
wnfhwnfhudk wtm;ukef dkufcGJvdkuf&m? &Jacgifonf 4if;\wkwfjzifYcH ab;odkYwdrf;z,fvdkufav\/
wpfzef &Jacgif\wkwfzsm;onf rif;xif\ &if0tSKdufudk aqmifY xdk;vdkuf&m vsifjrefaom
rif;xif\vufonf &Jacgif\wkwfzsm;udk ab;odkYwdrf;vdkufojzifY? tm;vGefvsuf &Jacgif\ rsufESmrSm
rif;xif\ &if0em;qDodkY xdk;usoGm;pOf? rif;xifonf 4if;\wkwfjzifY em;xifudktdkuf? &Jacgifu
vufudkif\ t&if;bufu wpfawmifcefY xGufaeaom wkwfjzifY ckcHvdkufav\/ ESpfOD;om;
rwdk;ra0SYEdkif wkwfoH wcRifcRif? wcsufcsufjzifY jrnfxGufwkdufcdkufae&m? rif;xifonf tcsufaumif;
udkom apmifYpm;aeav\/ &Jacgifvnf; tvpfapmifYaeoljzpfojzifY rif;xif&if0odkY aS;enf;
wkwfzsm;jzifY wtm;xdk;vdkuf&m? rif;xif\ wkwfzsm;jzifY dkufcwfwdrf;aSmifpOf? &Jacgif\rsufESmonf
rif;xifaSUodkY usoGm;cdkuf? rif;xif\ b,fbufvufoD;onf &Jacgifukd ususee xdk;vdkuf&m?
&Jacgifonf vufoD;ygcGifYrSd xifrSwfum trSwfwrJY rwdrf;rdojzifY ezl;rsufprS aoG;rsm; ,dkpD;us
av\/
ou
rO
RI
SK
y&dowfrsm;u ]]rw&m;bl; ... 'grw&m;bl; ...}}[k atmf[pfMu&m? tdrfaSUrif;u "m;jyojzifY

Nidrfoufvuf,Sufom aeMuav\/ ESpfOD;pvkH; xrif;wpfvkH;csufcefYtMum armae&m rif;xif
vufsmrSm ydk armae[efwlav\/ &JacgifrSm a'gojzpfvsuf vkyfaeMutwdkif; wkwfzsm;jzifY aSUodkY
wtm;xdk;vdkuf&m? rif;xifonf cgwdkif;uJYodkYyif wkwfzsm;ESifY cwfz,fvdkufav\/
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
odkY&mwGif &Jacgifonf xdktBudrf wu,ftm;pdkufxdk;jcif;r[kwf? rif;xiftm; vSnfhpm;jcif;rQ

jzpf&m? 4if;\udk,fonf rif;xif\aSUodkY a&mufonfESifYwpfNyKdifeuf rif;xif\ yg;csdwfudk
b,fvufoD;jzifY uspfuspfygatmif wG,fvdkuf&m? rif;xifrSm rwfwwfu yufvufvefum vJusoGm;
ojzifY 'dkifvkyfolrsm;u wm;xm;&av\/ tdrfaSUrif;um; yxr rdrduRef,kHup vufoD; tokH;jyK
ojzifY? &Jacgif\ aemufxyf vufoD;okH;jcif;udk tjypfrwifEdkifbJ trf;wrf;wrf;jzpfaepOf? y&dowf
xJu ]]rif;xifvufsmSKH;NyD ... &JacgifEdkifNyD}}[k atmf[pfMuav\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
tdrfawmf0efwpfa,mufu ]]rNyD;ao;bl;? vufoD;csif; uvJYpm;acsMukHyJ Sdao;w,f}}[k

ajympOf? rif;xifu ',drf;',dkifESifY rwfwwf&yfum ]]wkwfESifYwdkufom Mum;azmufMujcif;
jzpfygw,f/ "m;csif;wdkufrSmom omaumif;rnf/ cGifYjyKawmfrlygbk&m;}}[k avQmufxm;av\/
&Jacgifvnf; ]]BuKduf&mESifY wdkufEdkifw,f/ vufoD;wpfvkH;ESifY tEdkifr,lvdkygbl;}}[k ajymqdkMu&m?
Zarni 86
- 32 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
tdrfaSUrif;vnf; "m;csif;upm;vQif uRef,kHuEdkifrnf[k awG;awmvsuf? aersKd;oufawmfSnftm;

]]b,fYES,foabm&ovJ ...}}[k ar;awmfrlav\/ AdkvfcsKyfBuD;vnf; rdrdtcspfawmf\vufpGrf;udk
jrif&NyD;jzpfojzifY? ]]"m;csif;,SOfrS pdwfauseyfykHygbk&m;}}[k avQmufxm;av\/
uGrf;wpf,mnufcefYMumvQif ESpfOD;om; "m;udk,fpDESifY &yfrdMujyefav\/ ESpfOD;ESpfzuf
toufvkum NyKdifqdkifMu&mwGif? taMumuftGHUuif;rJY wif;rmaomowdESifY jynfhpkHjcif;? yGJOD;wpfcsD
pD;rdjcif;wdkYonf t"dutcsufjzpf&um; &Jacgifonf rdrdEdkifrnf[k ,kHMunfNyD;jzpfonf/ rif;xif
vufsmrSm rdrd*kPfaMumifY Sufyif "m;ESifYupm;vdkaMumif; ajymjy&apumrl? &Jacgif\ wkwfSnfudkifykH?
ajcrsm;tuGufcsykH? vufoD;jyif;ykHwkYdrSm 4if;\tonf;ESvkH;udk ajcrGEdkifaom tpGrf;Sdonf[k awG;awm
rdav&um; GHUovdkvdk jzpfoGm;[efSdavonf/
tcsufay;vdkufonfESifYwpfNyKdifeuf NyKd;NyKd;jyufjyufjzpfaeMuaom "m;ESpfvufrSm wcRifcRif
wjcpfjcpfESifY rD;yGifYonfhtcg yGifYaeav\/ rif;xifvufsmum; "m;a&;wGif wkwfudkifonfxuf
tqaygif;rsm;pGm usifvnfojzifY &JacgifrSm cHppfuom vufjrJjrJESifY ckcHae&av\/
ou
rO
RI
SK
rlv pdwfavsmY&rvdkjzpfaom rif;xifonf &Jacgif cHppfupm;aeonfudk awGU&aomtcg?

b,fajcmufnmvSefYjzifY twif;xdk;ckwfvsufSd\/ odkY&mwGif &Jacgif\vufonf tvGefoefrm&um;
4if;\"m;jzifY wpfcgwpfcg jyef wGufvdkufonfudkyif rif;xif\vufrSm usifwufoGm;cJYav\/
wpfcsDwGif rif;xifonf 4if;\"m;jzifY &Jacgif\ OD;acgif;udkrdk; ckwfvkduf&m? &Jacgifonf 4if;\
"m;jzifY tumvdkuf? "m;csufajymif;vsuf &Jacgif\&if0odkY pdkufvdkufvQif? vsifjrefaom &Jacgif\
vufonf rif;xif\"m;udk cyfjyif;jyif; "m;aESmifYbufESifYdkufumvdkuf&m? rif;xif\ vufrS"m;
vGwfxGufoGm;av\/ rif;xif\rsufESmrSm aoG;rsm;qkwf,kwfouJYodkY jzpfaepOf? ]]rckwfygbl;?
"m;aumufygOD;}}[k &Jacgifu NyKH;&,fajymrS "m;udk vsifjrefpGmaumufNyD;vQif wdkufMujyefav\/
&Jacgifu cHppfu wdkufppftaetxm;odkY ul;vsuf b,fjyefnmjyef acsmufvSefYupm;&mu wpfcsuf
twdrf;wGif rif;xif\eHab;odkY xdk;vdkuf&m? rif;xifonf aysmYacGvsuf vJusoGm;av\/ y&dowf\
MobmoHonfvnf; wcJeuf xGufay:vmawmYonf/
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
&Jacgifonf tdrfaSUudk,fawmftm; rwfwwf&yf vuf,Suftdktaoay;um ]]bk&m;uRefawmf

vufjyif;oavmuf rpdkufvdkufygbl;? oif;udk aq;ukvdkY&Edkifatmif cyfqqxdk;ygonfbk&m;}}[k
oHawmfOD;wif&m tdrfaSUudk,fawmfrSm ]]tdrf; awmfayY ol&Jaumif;}}[k SufNyKH;NyKH;vsuf rdefYawmfrl
NyD;aemuf? ]]udkif; armifrif;rsm;? igudk,fawmfwdkif vufxyfay;awmfrlrnf}}[k &JacgifESifY SifjrwfvStm;
vufxyfay;awmfrlav\/
al
us
eo
ft
tdrfaSUuRef,kHrsm;vnf; rif;xifvufsmtm; ayGUcsDoGm;vsuf orm;awmfrsm;ESifYukoaeav&m?

y&dowfrsm;vnf; wpfpwpfp vlcsif;uGJum tcspfppfyGJuav; NyD;qkH;cJYavNyD/
Co
mm
erc
i
wyfrSL;uav; &Jacgifum; NrKdUxJwGif vlBuD;rsm;? ppfbuft&mSdrsm;ESifY wpfcgxyfrH

vufxyfyGJ usif;yNyD;aemuf bk&ifrif;jrwf ay;oem;awmfrlaom wyfrSL;uav;aetdrfrS tcGifY
awmif;um vufsm0if;rSL;BuD;tdrfwGif ZeD;cifyGef; aysmfTifpGm aexdkifvsufSdav\/
Zarni 86
- 33 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
xdkuJYodkY aexdkif&mrS wpfESpftMumwGif om;a,musfm;av; zGm;jrifav&m armifbkef;jrifY[k

trnfay;av\/ rif;xifvusfmvnf; tema&m*gaysmufuif;vsuf ppfyGJrsm;wGif atmifEdkifaomaMumifY
wyfAdkvfrSL;rS ppfuJBuD;&mxl;txd wdk;wuf&Sdav\/ ocF,mbGJUcH wyfrSL;uav;ESifYvnf; oabm
BuD;pGm rdwfaqGjzpfqufqHvsuf 0ifxGufoGm;vm aexdkifvsufSdav\/ tdrfaSUudk,fawmfum; ppfa&;
ppf&mxuf &wk? uAsm? tJtHbufudk ydkrdkav;pm;awmfrlojzifY ppfa&;ppf&mudk *kpdkufaom wyfrSL;
uav;onf &mxl;wkd;wufjcif;rSdEdkifatmif jzpfaeav\/
wpfaeYoum; wyfrSL;uav; pdwfemzG,f&m taMumif;wpf&yfonf ay:aygufcJYav\/
awmifilopfawmrS aMumY&cJYaomqifBuD;rSm vl 70-tm;Sd xl;tqifYqifY cwfxm;&av\/
xdkqifudk rnfolupm;0HYoenf;[k upm;0HYolrsm;udk ppfbufqdkif&mrS tdrfaSUrif;trdefYESifY Smap&m
aemufqkH;wGif wyfrSL;uav;udk nTefMuav\/
wyfrSL;uav;vnf; qifzrf;qifaMumY tBudrfBudrf vdkufygzl;aomaMumifY upm;0HYaMumif;
oHawmfOD;wif&m? rMumrD qifusKH;udk jyifqifapvsuf rnfonfhaeY&ufwGif wyfrSL;uav; ocF,mbGJUcH
&Jacgifonf tqdk;qkH;qifdkif;BuD;udk upm;vdrfYrnf[k ajymqdkvsufSdMuav\/ SifjrwfvSuav;um;
rdrdcifyGef;twGuf pdwfrat;aomfvnf;? owdt&m rajymomojzifY ab;rxd&ef qkawmif;om
ae&mSmav\/
RI
SK
aeYum; wyfrSL;uav; qifupm;rnfhaeYjzpfav\/ opfwdkifrsm;jzifY pdkufxlxm;aom

qifusKH;wGif wyfwdkifxdyf vlrsm;jynfhESuf wdk;a0SYaeMuav\/ vlaygif; 150-cefY qGJnyfoGwfoGif;
vmcJYaom qifBuD;rSmvnf; rmefwokHokHESifY rkef,dkaeouJYodkY xifrSwf&av\/ vlrsm;u xkd;qG
dkufESufxm;aomaMumifY qifBuD;rSm cGmwjyifjyif? tpG,fwarmYarmYjzpfae&if; qifusKH;twGif;
vSnfhywfajy;vTm;umaeav\/
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
vlaemuftcsKdUonf apmifrsm;udk ypfcsvdkuf&m? qifBuD;onf apmifudk tajy;oGm;

tpG,fESifYxdk;? ajcESiYfeif;zJY? ESmarmif;ESifYudkifum usKH;opfwdkifrsm;udk wzkH;zkH;dkufav\/ xdktwGif;
vlaemufwpfa,mufonf teD;rS vlwpfa,muftm; usKH;wGif;odkY wGef;csvkduf&m? tqdkygvlrSm us&mu
opfwdkifodkYwufaomfvnf; rwufEdkifojzifY [kdajy;onfajy;jzpfae&m? qifBuD;uvnf; 4if;tm;
acsmufjyouJYodkY xifrSwfojzifY twif;vdkufaeav\/
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
usKH;ay:uvlrsm;rSm a0gueJ &,farm vufckyfwD;aeMuav\/ toufpGefYajy;&aom crsm

rSmum; ]]tr,fav; u,fawmfrlygOD;? tara& ao&awmYr,f}}[k atmfav tay:u vlpku &,farm
Muav jzpfysufae&m? wpfcsD xdkvlonf cvkwfwdkuftvJwGif qifBuD;u cGmjzifY Syfvdkuf&m?
w*Rwf*RwfjrnfoH aoG;rsm;yef;ae[efyg jrif&&m? y&dowfrSm omvGefauseyfvsuf vufckyfwD;um
&,farmMuav\// qifeif;cH&aomvlum; ,yfawmifyrmjzpfvsuf qifBuD;\ESmarmif;wGif tdk;
tom; wjcm;pD ajrmufygvmcJYav\/
Co
odkYESifYyif qifBuD;rSm ol&JpD;aepOf? ]]a[m wyfrSL;uav; wyfrSL;uav;}}[k atmfMuvsuf

y&dowfrsm; NidrfoufoGm;av\/ &Jacgifum; qifBuD;onf vlwpfa,mufudk eif;owfpOf tjcm;
Zarni 86
- 34 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
qifrsm;uJYodkY nmoefrSef;odojzifY? usKH;wGif;odkY ckefcsrdonfESifYwpfNyKdifeuf tuJudk MunfhSKaeav\/

qifBuD;um; usm;BuD;rsm;uJYodkY MumMumtuJrcwf? vlrnf;rnf;jrif&majy;vm&m? &JacgifrSm ajy;
roGm;bJ qifBuD;ESifY eD;uyfvSojzifY tpG,fESifYwnfhwnfh xdk;todyfwGif 0JbufodkY aSmifwdrf;um
qifYzifem;wGif a&mufaeav\/ qifBuD;rSm nmoefjzpfonfhtwdkif; nmbufodkY auGUvSnfhzrf;,l&m
&JacgifrSm b,fbufaygifab;u uyfvsuf vsifjrefpGm wdrf;z,faeojzifY qifBuD;rSm rl;csm ywfcsm
vSnhfouJYodkY jzpfaeav\/ qifBuD;onf vSnfhzrf; r&aomtcg &yfwefYae&m &Jacgifvnf; qifu
cGmvsuf ajy;[efaqmifav\/ qifBuD;onf 4if;\pG,fpkHjzifY twif;xdk;odyf&m &JacgifrSm tpG,fESpfck
Mum;odkY a&mufoGm;vsuf qifBuD;u ajrodkYpdkufvQif 4if;\cEmudk,ftay:ydkif;udk qifpG,fay:odkY
jrifYwifvdkuf? qifBuD;acgif;axmifvQif ajcudkatmufcsvdkufESifY aSUodkY wpfpwpfp wdk;oGm;av&m
usKH;opfwdkifrsm;wGif qifpG,fxdk;pdkufrdonfwdkifatmif 4if;rSm qifpG,frsm;Mum;rS ygoGm;av\/
qifpG,frSm okH;awmifcefYSnf&m opfwdkifwGif wpfxGmcefYjrKyfaomfvnf;? &Jacgif\udk,frSm
qifpG,fMum;wGif vGwfaeojzifY a0gueJ Mobmay;MuaomtoHrsm;udk Mum;&av\/ qifBuD;txuf
wnfhwnfh opfudkif;xdyfwGif aeMuolrsm;u rae&JawmYojzifY aemufodkYqkwfajy;Muav\/ &JacgifrSm
qifpG,fay:rS qifOD;uif;ay:odkY wufrdonfESifYwpfNyKdifeuf qifBuD;onf &Jacgiftm; tyg,lvsuf
ESmarmif;jzifY dkufcsrnf[k ESmarmif;udk &JacgifteD;odkY ajrmufvdkuf&m? &Jacgifu rnfodkYjyKvkyfonf
rod? tvGefus,favmifpGmatmfjrnfvsuf ajy;jyefav\/ &Jacgifvnf; qifOD;uif;ay:rS ausmay:odkY
ul;vsuf rusatmif owdxm;vdkufvsufSd&m? qifa&onf vlrsm;udk cgcsEdkifatmif tavsmYtwif;
vkyfEdkifojzifY ajy;&if;vTm;&if; tcgcsvdkuf? &Jacgif atmufodkY vdrfYtus? vsifjrefaom qif\
ajcrsm;jzifY Syfvdkuf&m rMunfh0HYolwdkYrSm rsufpdrSdwfaeMuav\/
RI
SK
odkY&mwGif &JacgifrSm vsifjrefpGm vSdrfYxvdkufojzifY qifcGmESifY vGwfoGm;um b,fbuf

ab;wGif uyfrdjyefav\/ qifBuD;onf nmvSnfhvdkufzrf;&m &Jacgifvnf; wdrf;aSmif&if; cGmtdk;udk
"m;ajrmifjzifYxdk;av\/ qifBuD;onf tonf;cdkufatmif emusifvSojzifY jyif;pGmatmfjrnfav\/
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
&Jacgifvnf; cGmtdk;ESpfzufudk qufumqufum "m;ajrmifjzifY xdk;av&m? aemufqkH;wGif

qifBuD;onf atmfjrnfvsuf usKH;wGif;odkY vSnfhywfajy;vTm;aeav&m wd&pmef\oabm tuif;
yg;aom &Jacgifonf 4if;\ tusteDa&mif? ykqdk;teDa&mifudk qifBuD;jrifatmif jyum twif;
vdkufvsufSdav\/qifBuD;um; rajy;omvQif ckcHrnfjyif&m? &Jacgifonf b,fbufab;odkY tajy;
uyfvsuf cGmtdk;udk "m;ajrmifjzifY xdk;jyefav\/ y&dowfrsm;\ MobmoHrsm;um; em;yGifYvkrwwf
jzpfaeav\/ aemufuGrf;wpf,mnufcefYtMumwGifum; qifBuD;rSm rdrdtm;Edkifrnfh ocifESifYawGUNyD[k
0efcHonfhtvm; wyfrSL;uav; ausmay:wufpD;onfudk cgcsjcif;rjyKbJ? "m;ajrmifjzifY em;Gufudk
cRef;ozG,f xdk;um tcsufay;&modkY tvdkvdkyif vdkufae&Smav\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
xdktcsdefrSyif rdrdudp NyD;pD;ojzifY qifBuD;tm; xl;jyefcwfum usKH;wGif;yif xm;cJY tjyifodkY

xGufvmav&m wyfrSL;uav;\ ppfwyfrS wyfom;vli,frsm;onf 4if;wdkY\wyfrSL;uav;udk 3-4
a,muf xrf;ydk; ,laqmifoGm;av\/ aS;qefqefvlBuD;wdkYrSm wyfrSL;uav;\ pGrf;&nfowdudk
Mum;odMuaomtcg? jrwfpGmbk&m;ocifrSm emVm*D&dqifudk tEkenf;jzifY acscRwfawmfrlonf/ wyfrSL;
Zarni 86
- 35 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
uav;um; avmuDom;jzpfonfhtavsmuf tMurf;udkif acscRwfEdkifonf/ a,musfm;aumif; yDoyg

ayonf[k csD;rGrf;vsufSdMuav\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
RI
SK
Zarni 86
- 36 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
tcef; (4)
tdrfaSUrif;vnf; wyfrSL;uav;ESifYwuG rif;xifvufsmbGJUcH AkdvfrSL;yg rdrdpHtdrfawmfodkY

qkvmbfrsm;ay;&ef ac:,lav\/ rSL;rwftcsKdUESifY AdkvfrSL;rsm;vnf; wyfrSL;uav;\ pGrf;&nfowdudk
txl;csD;rGrf;vsufSdMupOf? tdrfaSUrif;onf taqmifudkifwpfOD;tm; aiGokH;ydmudk ,lcJYap?
]]armifrif;rsm; apmapmu jrifawGUMu&onfhtwdkif; aMumY &cgp qifdkif;BuD;tm; omrefa,musfm;
wpfa,muf ESdrfeif;jcif;iSm pGrf;Edkifrnf r[kwf&m? wyfrSL;uav; &Jacgifonf ol&Jaumif;yDyD owd
BuD;pGmESifY Edkifeif;ayojzifY qkaiGokH;ydm ay;oem;awmfrlvdkufonf/ jrefrmrSeforQ twk,lzG,f
aumif;ayonf}}[k rdefYawmfrlvsuf? wyfrSL;uav;tm; aiGxkyfudk xrf;xkwf,lapawmfrlav\/
xdkYaemuf wpfzef rif;xifvufsmtm; ac:,lawmfrljyefvsuf [oFmap &wkydk'fpkHwpfyk'fudk pmqdkawmf
wpfOD;tm; zwfMum;apvsuf? armifrif;rsm;onf &wktqdk tzGJU tokH;tESKef;rnfuJYodkY Sdygoenf;[k
ar;jref;awmfrlav&m? ]]tvGefuspfvpfom,m aysmfzG,f&mSdaMumif;ygbk&m;}}[k oHawmfOD;wifMuav\/
]]armifrif;rsm; vufkH;&nfxuf ESvkH;&nfu ta&;MuD;aMumif;? ESvkH;&nform;onf vufkH;&nform;
odef;oef;csD tokH;csEdkifonf/ xdkYaMumifY rif;xifvufsmtm; xl;uJpGm qkvmbfcsawmfrlrnf}}[k
vuf0wfawmf aTvufaumufwuGif;ESifY aiGig;ydmudk xkwf,lcJYap qkcsay;oem;awmfrlav\/
wyfrSL;uav;um; rdrd toufwzsm; pGefYpm;&aomtvkyftwGuf ta&;rBuD;ouJYodkY ajymjy
awmfrl? zifxdkifay:wGif pnf;pdrfESifY ab;&efraMumuf&? at;at;vlvl a&;om;aom pmwpfyk'fudk
t[kwfBuD;xifum ydkrdkcsD;jrifYjcif;udk rsm;pGmtcH&cufaomfvnf;? rdrdvSKyfSm;vQif rdrdom aS;OD;pGm 'ku
awGUrnfaMumifY aiGxkyfudk tomydkufvsuf xGufcJY&av\/
wi
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
RI
SK
tdrfaSUrif;\ rsufuG,fwGifum; ]]b,fYES,f wyfrSL;rif;? usKyfwdkYrSm wdkif;jynfwpfjynfvkH;

rqkH;SKH;&ef? olYwdkif;jynfudk wdkufcdkuf&ef toufpGefY&wJY vlpm;awGawmY t&mra&mufovdk qkH;jzwf
awmfrlyguvm;/ udkif;Asm ... 'djyif wdkif;jynfu ppfvmwdkufvQif ewfSifudk,fawmf a&;pyfawmfrlwJY
&wkawG Gwfzwfo&Zm,fNyD; xkwfvdkY EdkifrSmwJYvm;/ 'grsm;awmY olYuRef,kHudk aoG;aomufu ppfyGJrSm
EdkifvdkufvdkY qifdkif;eJY ao&ifao? rao&if 'Dvdkvkyfr,fqdkNyD; vkyfawmfrlwm xifyg&JU ...}}[k
ajymaomfvnf; wyfrSL;uav;um; pum;wkHYjyefrajymbJ ]]ol0goemygwmudk tpGJoefNyD; ay;oem;
awmfrlwmaygYAsm? tSifarG;rS BuD;jyif;& qdkwmvdkaygY}}[k omrnom jyefajymvdkufav\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
odkYaomf wyfrSL;uav;\pdwfum; tdrfaSUudk,fawmftay: tcJrausawmYacs/ wdkif;jynf\

ajcvufjzpfaom ol&Jaumif;wdkYtm; SKHUcsjcif;rSm rdrdtwGufomr[kwf? toufay; pGefYpm;vdkaom
ol&Jaumif;wdkif;odkYyif xdcdkufrnfjzpfojzifY? tdrfaSUrif;\0g'onf ol&Jaumif;tm;vkH;odkY rysHUESHU
rpGJ,lap&ef rnfodkYBuHzef&ygrnfenf;[k awG;awmrdav\/ rnfonfhwdkif;jynfrqdk pmayorm; vlEk
vl,OfawG SdoifYonfum; rSef\/ odkY&mwGif ol&Jaumif;wdkYrSm rdrdwdkY um,Av\ ppfrSKppfa&;
ponfwdkYaMumifY pmayESifY rEkEdkifjzpfwwfav&m? xdkol&Jaumif;rsm;udk pmayorm; vlEkrsm;xuf
ydkrdkta&;ay;oifY\/ 'D0g'udk pGJvrf;atmif ppfbufqdkif&mrsm;odkY ajymMum;tHY? xdkYaemuf
tdrfaSUudk,fawmf\ tjyKtrludk rBuKdufojzifY awmifilrS xGuf tjcm;ppfbuftm;ay;aom
Zarni 86
- 37 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
wdkif;jynfodkY ul;ajymif;oGm;tHY/ odkYrSom usef&pfolrsm;udk owd&&pfMurnf[k tmZmenfpdwful;rsKd;udk

wpfudk,fwnf; Budwf awG;awmaeav\/
rnfodkYyif awG;awmaeapumrl ZeD;onfESifY om;uav;\ rsufESmudk vGwfvGwf rcGm
&ufatmif jzpf&aomtcg? rSKdifawGcs aerdSmav\/ odkY&mwGif tdrfaSUudk,fawmfESifY tvdkawmf
tcsKdUrSm pm&wkNyKdifyGJrsm; rMumcPusif;yjcif;? ol&Jaumif;rsm;ESifYESKdif;,SOf qkvmbf ydkrdkay;oem;jcif;
rsm;udk Budrfzefrsm;pGm Mum;od&aomtcg wpfudk,fwnf; acsmif;ajrmif;owfjzwfvdkaompdwfrsm;
ay:aygufvmav\/
xdkYxuf omvGefqdk;0g;csufrSm ukvm;jzLEdkifiHu oabFmukvm;tcsKdUtm; rsufESmomay;
qufqHjcif;? ukvm;jzLEdkifiHu ygvmcJYaom ypnf;rsm;udk jrefrmYaTaiGwdkYjzifY vJvS,ftokH;jyKjcif;
ponfwdkYjzifY jyKrlawmfrljcif;rsm; jrifawGU&aomtcg? rjzpfawmYbl; ... rdrdonf wdkif;jynf MumMum
aevQif tcufBuKHawmYrnf[k ppfom;rsm;tm; rdrd\ 0g'udk ajymjy ZeD;ESifY om;uav;yg
ac:aqmifum t0aejynfawmfodkY ajy;awmYrnf[k pdwful;av\/
wpfnaeum; SifjrwfvSonf jzLjzLazG;azG; a&aq;ig;uJYodkYaom om;OD;uav;udk aqmifyef;
ykcufBuD;wGif yufvufvSefodyfxm;um jrLaeav\/ uav;rSmum; MunfvifaomrsufvkH;BuD;jzifY
vSefMunfhum 0l;0g;ESifY ajcum;,m;vufum;,m; jrL;wl;aeav&m? ]]vluav;avY ararYom;av;?
rif;taz b,foGm;ovJ/ rifYtaz jyefrvmao;bl;aemf/ igYom;vnf; rifYtazvdk ol&Jaumif;BuD;
jzpf&r,f/ tdk ... igYom; tquftvufu xGm;BuKdif;r,fYykHyg? yg;tdkYBuD;u rdkYrdkYeJY ...}}[k MunfEl;aepOf?
aemufrS ajcoHMum;ojzifY vSnfhMunfhvdkuf&m? rsufESmrMunfrvif jzpfaeaom cifyGef;onfudk jrifawGU
&av\/
ou
rO
RI
SK
wyfrSL;uav;um; uav;udk ayGUcsDvdkufum zuf,rf;erf;SKyfNyD;vQif ]]jrwfvSa& ... 'Dudk

vmygOD; ... eif igYudk t[kwfcspfuJYvm; ...}}[k wkH;wdwdar;vdkuf&m? rsufESmrSm usDp,faomtrlt&m
r[kwfojzifY aMumifwufwuf MunfhSKaerd&m? ]]cspfuJYvm; ...}}[k xyfar;jyefav\/
ll b
ea
ty
]]udk,fYvufxJu om;uav;MunfhNyD; pOf;pm;&if usKyfajymzdkY rvdkygbl;/ bmjzpfvmwmvJ/

uaeY pum;xl;xl;qef;qef;awG ar;aeygNyD ...}}
his
bo
ok
wi
]]r[kwfbl;uG,f ... usKyf 'Dwdkif;jynfrSm aevdkYrjzpfawmYbl;/ usKyf b,fenf;eJYrSm raeEdkif

awmYbl; ...}}[k tdrfaSUudk,fawmf\0g'ESifY rdrd\rauseyfykHwdkYudk ajymjyaeav\/
us
eo
ft
]]'gjzifYvnf; udk,foGm;&m usKyfvdkufrSmaygY ... udk,fYudk tyfESHNyD;yJ[m bmajymp&mvdkovJ/

wuwnf; udk,fYr,m; olrsm;vdk uysuf,ysuf rSwfovm; ...}}[k rNyKH;wNyKH; ajymqdkav\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
]]udkif; ... usKyf xrif;jyifacsOD;r,f/ ay; uav; ... usKyfudk ... txdef;qDtyfxm;r,f ...}}[k
qdk&m? ]]aeygapuG,f ... igcsDaeygYr,f ...}} uav;i,ftm; jrLacsmYae&pfav\/
Zarni 86
- 38 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
aemufwpfaeY wyfrSL;uav;onf ppfwyfodkY twdkifyifcH xGufoGm;&m? awmifilrS

[Hom0wDudk wdkuf odrf;NyDjzpfaMumif;? ,ck awmifilbk&ifESifY [Hom0wDbk&ifrSm nDaemifawmfjzpf
[Hom0wDbk&ifrSm tBuD;jzpfaMumif;? om;awmf tdrfaSUudk,fawmf\ tvdktwdkif; wdkufawmfrlrnf
jzpfaMumif;? armifwdkY igwdkYrSm wpfyg;uRefjzpf awmifilbufrS wdkuf&rnfjzpfaMumif; AdkvfcsKyfBuD;u
ajymjyav&m ...
]]uRefawmfawmY ppfrwdkufcif t0odkYajy;rnf[k BuHG,fygonf/ tdrfaSUudk,fawmfoabmudk
rESpfNcKdufyg/ ol&Jaumif;rsm;udk SKwfcsonfhtjyif? ukvm;jzLrsm;udkvnf; ta&;ay;awmfrlvGef;tm;BuD;
ygonf}}[k ajymqdkav\/
]]tdrf; ... ,ck [Hom0wDudk wdkufrnfqdk&mrSmvnf; olYtvdkawmf jzpfayw,f/ [Hom0wD
bk&if[m pdwfESvkH; tvGefaumif;Smawmfrlw,f ...}}[k ajymjyav\/
aemufrMumrD awmifilbk&ifu [Hom0wDbk&iftm; wkdufcdkuf&m? nDawmf vdkcsifvQif
wdkif;jynfu qif;ay;rnf[l tnhHcH&m? tus,fcsKyfESifY awmifilodkY ac:aqmifcJY\/ awmifil
a&mufvQif tdrfaSUrif; ewfSifaemifu owf&ef awmif;qdk&m? crnf;awmf awmifilbk&ifu
]]igYtpfudkudk bk&m;wpfql *lwpfvkH;odkY udk;uG,frnf? owfcGifYrjyK ...}}[k qdkaomtcg crnf;awmf
rodatmif bBuD;awmf [Hom0wDbk&ifudk tdrfaSUrif;u owfavonf/ (um; tus,frcsJUom
tdrfaSUrif; ewfSifaemifoabmudkod&ef tusOf;csKyf azmfjy&jcif;jzpfygonf/ )
RI
SK
wyfrSL;uav;vnf; AdkvfcsKyfBuD;ESifY wD;wdk;wdkifyifNyD;vQif aetdrfodkY apmapmpD;pD; jyefcJY

av\/ vufsm0if;rSL;BuD;ESifY orD; SifjrwfvSwdkYonf xdkaeYnaewGif acgif;csif;dkufum wdkifyif
aeMuav\/ 4if;wdkYESpfOD;pvkH;\ rsufESmrSm rsm;pGmrMunfomvSbJ? rsuf&nf0dkif;vsufSdaeMuonfudk
axmufojzifY? pdwfESvkH;udk tvGefxdcdkufaMumif; xifSm;apav\/
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
xdktcdkuf rdrdwdkYtcef;wGif ZeD;onftm; toifYrawGU&aom wyfrSL;uav;onf tdrfaSUcef;odkY

wkHYjyefxGufcJY&m? uJvm; rapYwapYcsxm;&mrS om;tzESpfOD;Sd&modkY 0ifcJYav\/ wyfrSL;uav;
0ifvmonfudk jrif&onfESifY wpfNyKdifeuf SifjrwfvS\udk,fuav;rSm wGGvSKyfum wSKyfSKyf idka<u;
aeSmav\/ 0if;rSL;BuD;vnf; rsufpdrsufESmnKd;i,fvsuf av;aq;aomtoHjzifY ...
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
]]tb[m rif;wdkYudk om;&if;orD;&if;vdkyJ cspfcifw,f/ rif;wdkYtBuHudkvJ oabmrwlp&m

rSdbl;/ 'gayr,fY rif;wdkYZeD;armifESHxGufvQif txGufaES;vdrfYr,f/ rif;wdkYtxGufaES;vQif orD;yg
vdkufygoGm;vsufeJY tb rod&aumif;vm;vdkY &mZ0wfab;oifYawmYr,f/ wyfom;tcsKdUeJY AdkvfrSL;
rsm;vJ om;&JU0g'udk ajymaeMuw,f/ om;udk oldkUcspfMuwJYtwGuf txiftSm; oHawmfOD;wifrnfhol
rSdMuao;bl;/ wpfaeYaeY tdrfaSUudk,fawmfem;aygufMum;&if tukef "m;pmjzpfMuawmYr,f/ 'gYaMumifY
wpfvavmufqdkif;NyD; tbeJYtwl ajy;MuwmaygY/ uav;vJ i,fEkvSao;w,f? rif;wdkYudk rrdbl;
xm;OD;? usef&pfwJYtb 'kujzpfrSmudk pOf;pm;ygOD;vdkY jrwfvSudkajymjyaewmyJuG,f ...}}ajymqdkav\/
Zarni 86
- 39 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
]]tbajymwmvJ [kwfwmyJ/ 'gayr,fY uRefawmf qdkif;vdkYrjzpfbl;/ qdkif;&if SifuGJruGJbJ

aouGJuGJMuygvdrfYr,f/ udkif; jrwfvS nJ ridkygeJYawmY? nJom;eJY nJtbqDrSm ae&pfMu/
igwpfudk,fwnf; xGufoGm;r,f ...}}
]]usKyfae&pfvdkY b,fjzpfrSmvJ udk&Jacgif&JU/ usKyfwdkY 'DrSm rsufESmi,feJY ae&pf&rSmaygY/ bmyJ
jzpfjzpf usKyf vkdufcJYr,f ...}}[k twif;ajymqdkvsufSd&m? 0if;rSL;BuD;rSm ]]at;uG,f? tbvJ touf
BuD;ygNyD? aor,fqdk&ifvJ aoaysmfygNyD}}[k rcsdrqefYajymqdkSmav\/ om;tzokH;OD;tm; pum;quf
rajymEdkifbJ awGa0aeMu&m? tcsdefrSm ukefrSef;rod ukefcJYav\/ tbdk;BuD;vnf; bk&m;pifrS
ysm;za,mif;wdkiftxkyfBuD;udk rD;cwfausmufrD;jcpfjzifY rD;awmufudk,lvsuf ndxGef;NyD;vQif bk&m;Sdcdk;
aeav\/
]]'DvdkqdkawmYvJ tbudk odyfoem;w,f/ iguvJ roGm;rjzpf b,fYES,fvkyf&ygYrvJ}}
]]awmfoGm;&if usKyfvJ vdkufrSmaygY/ uav;eJY vlvGwfajy;&&if oGm;Edkifygw,f ...}}
]]cufw,f cufw,f? tbaMumifY cufw,f/ olYygac:&rSmuvJ vdkufcsifr,f r[kwfbl;/
NyD;awmY BuD;awmifYBuD;rm;eJY &mZ0wfawmf ruif;rSjzifY nJwdkYigwdkY ESdyfpufvdkYjzpf&w,fqdkNyD; tao
ajzmifYSmrSm r[kwfbl; ...}}[k nnf;av&m ...
SifjrwfvSrSm cifyGef;onftm; cspfpdwfESifYajym&aomfvnf; zcifBuD;tm; ukPmoufvSojzifY
pdwfESvkH; ra0cGJEdkifbJ tcsdeftwefMumatmif awGaerdav\/ xdktcdkuf 0if;tjyifbufrS ]][JY
0if;rSL;BuD; wHcg;zGifYay;? rSdMubl;vm; ...}}[laom wif;rmonfhtoHudk Mum;&av\/
ou
rO
RI
SK
]]a[m jrwfvSa& cufuNyD/ trdefYawmfeJY igYudkzrf;zdkY vmMuNyDxifw,f/ igraeYu tdrfaSU

udk,fawmftaMumif; raumif;tawmfajymcJYw,f/ 'gudkMum;vdkY rif;vkvifrsm;eJY tzrf;cdkif;NyD xifw,f}}
[k ajymav&m? SifjrwfvSrSm csKH;rJcs idka<u;aeSmav\/
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
]]a[Y a[Y ridkeJY? vl&dyfrdr,f ... igYom;uav;udk aumif;aumif;Munfh? igjywif;u ckefcsNyD;

taemufzuf0if;udk ckefxGufr,f/ ar;&if jyefrvmao;bl;ajym/ aeOD; tbudk igajymOD;r,f ...}}[k
0if;rSL;BuD;qD tajy;oGm;NyD; ]]tb tb}}[k vufukyf&m? tbdk;BuD;rSm bk&m;0wfjyK&mu wkefwcdkuf
jzpf aeSmav\/
his
bo
]]raMumufeJY? aeYuwnf;u jyefrvmbl;ajym/ ta&;Sd&if AdkvfcsKyfBuD;uyf? uRefawmf ajy;r,f}}
us
eo
ft
]][JY wHcg;zGifYygawmYvm; ...}}[laom tmPmoHESifY 'kH;'dkif;xkdkufoHrsm;udk Mum;&av\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
tbdk;BuD;vnf; jymjymovJ tdrfay:rS qif;um 0if;wHcg;udk zGifYvdkuf&m? tdrfaSU0efESifY "m;vSH

udk,fpD udkifvsufSdaom vkvifwpfusdyfcefYudk jrif&av\/ ]][JY tdrfay:wufzrf;}} qdkonfESifY
wpfNyKdifeuf? vkvifwdkYrSm tdrfay:odkY tESHYtjym; SmazGMuaomfvnf; rawGUojzifY? ]]0if;rSL; aoQmifqGJ
Zarni 86
- 40 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
axmif;ar;[JY ...}}[k trdefYay;jyefojzifY? oefrmaom vkvifwpfa,mufonf 0if;rSL;BuD;\ aoQmifudk

qGJum axmif;&if; ]]i&Jacgif b,frvJ}}[k ar;av\/
0if;rSL;BuD;um; cg;aumYvsuf emusifvSojzifY ]]csrf;omay;yg bk&m;/ i&Jacgif aeYcif;
uwnf;u tdrfodkY jyefrvmao;yg ...}}[k qdkojzifY? ]]udkif; olYudk aESmifBuKd;wnf;NyD; ,lcJYMu}}[k trdefY
ay;um ac:aqmifoGm;avonf/
0if;rSL;BuD;tm; rnfrQdkufESufppfaq;apumrl om;rufuav;tm; iJYuGufojzifY trSefudkrajym
tHBudwfcHaeav&m? SifjrwfvSum; zcifvnf; &mZ0wfab;oifYrnfrod? cifyGef;onfvnf; ab;awGU
rawGU rodaomaMumifY?? tl;ruav;yrmjzpfum wpfnvkH; idka<u;ylaqG;aeSmav\/ aemufwpfaeY
eHeufvif;rS AdkvfcsKyf aersKd;oufawmfSnfxH tusKd;taMumif;ajymqdk&m? AdkvfcsKyfBuD;vnf; bk&if
rif;jrwfxH tcpm;0ifvsuf ocF,mbGJUcH wyfrSL;uav;&Jacgifonf a,murMoZmcH r[kwfaMumif;?
4if;udk,fwdkif xif&mjyKonfhtwGuf 0if;rSL;BuD;tm; tjypfrSvTwfoifYaMumif; trsKd;rsKd; taMumif;jy
avQmufxm;awmfrl&m? bk&ifrif;jrwfvnf; tdrfaSUrif;xHrS Ekwf,lawmfrlvdkufav\/
okdY&mwGif 0if;rSL;BuD;tm; ,kHMunfawmfrrlojzifY &mxl;rS EkwfxGufawmfrlapav&m? 0if;rSL;BuD;
rSmvnf; awmifilwGifraeawmYbJ Sdypnf;rsm;udk xkcGJa&mif;csNyD;vQif rdbtarGtESpf v,fajrSd&m
oefvsifodkY orD; SifjrwfvS? ajr;uav; armifbkef;jrifY vlrr,fESifY ajymif;aTUaexdkifMuav\/
SifjrwfvSrSmvnf; tdrfaxmifopf rxlaxmifbJ wyfrSL;uav; wpfaeYvmEdk;ESifY tcsdefukef?
om;uav; 11-ESpftG,frSm wpfBudrf ZmwfaMumif;tusOf;csKyfajymzl;aMumif;? SifjrwfvSonf
vlvm;ajrmufaom om;BuD;tm; txufygtwdkif; jyefajymif;ajymqdkaecJY&m ...
RI
SK
]]EdkY aeygOD; arar&JU ... tazu wpfcgrS rvmawmYbl;vm;/ &ufpufvdkufwmaemf}}
ty
ou
rO
]]&ufpufw,fvdkY b,f[kwfrvJ vluav;&,f? olYtaMumif;uvJ Sdao;wmudk;uGJU/ tJ ... ol

vlBuKHyg;vdkufwJY pmuav;Sdao;w,f/ igYom;udk jyOD;r,f ...}}[k aypmwpfckudk xkwfjyjyefav\/
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
]]pmyg;vdkufonf SifjrwfvS ... ydkYavmif;aom arwmaMumifY usef;rmonf/ nJwdkYESifY

wuG tbyg usef;rmatmif arwmavmif;onf/ wdkYom;uav; bkef;jrifY ,ckqdkvQif
okH;cgvnfavmuf Sda&mYr,f? pum; wDwDwmwmESifY olYtazudk ar;SmvdrfYr,f? cGJcGm
ESpfESpfcefYMumrS nJwdkYxH pmay;&onfrSm ppfyGJrsm;wGif c&D;a0;vdkufygae&aomaMumifY
jzpfonf/ xGufajy;aomnu om;uav; 0ifMunfherf;SKyf&if; igtvGef ESvkH;0rf;i,frdonf/
&mZ0wfab;aMumifYom tvGwfajy;&onf? 0if;x&Hudk ausmfrdpOf vlapmifYrawGU? NrKdUwHcg;
txGufwGif rif;xifvufsmtoHESifYwlatmif trdefYoHESifY ajymxGuf&\/
Co
odkYaomf aemufu ajcvsifawmf 5-OD; tjyif;vdkufvmMuonf/ c&D;ESpfwdkifcefYwGif

va&mifuav;ESifY csif;wdkYudk jrif tajy;tvdkuf? tJarmif;ESifY unifyifudk wpfawmifcefY
pl;atmifxdk;jyrS csif;wdkY wkHYvSnfhjyefajy;Muonf/ c&D;jyif;oGm; t0aejynfawmfodkY
Zarni 86
- 41 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
15-&ufESifY a&mufonf/ b0a&pufaMumifY aT"m;AdkvfwpfOD;u vufcH oHawmfOD;wifay;

ojzifY t&nftcsif; ppfaq;MunfhSKNyD;vQif rSKHUrcs wyfrSL;uav;&mxl;yifay;onf/ rdk;nif;?
rdk;aumif;wdkuftjyef vlwpfaxmifwyfudk tkyfcsKyf&aom AdkvfrSL;t&mudk &Sdonf/ aemiftcg
jynfxJa&; rNidrfr0yfjzpfojzifY anmif&rf;bk&m;xH 0ifpm;zdkY BuHG,fonf/ ol&Jaumif;udk
csD;jrifYavYSd udk,fawmfwdkif crnf;awmfuJYokdY pGrf;tifowdSdonf[laom ppfa&; qufum
qufum awGU&acsrnf/ nJudk cspf\? nJudk cspfonfxuf EdkifiHESifY ppfa&;udk ydkrdkcspfcif
aomaMumifY ta&;ydjym;ao0yfrS jyefvmrnf/ nJapmifYEdkifuapmifY? rapmifYEdkifu nJjyKvdk&m
cGifYjyKonf/ txl;rSmvdkcsufum; om;uav;udk tazwljzpfatmif BuKd;pm;yg? i,fpOfwGif
racsmufvSefYygeJY? rdkufygESifY? tbuvnf; A[kokwSd &mZ0ifwGif xifSm;aom
ol&Jaumif;rsm;taMumif;? om;uav; i,fEkpOfu tonf;pGJrSwfrdatmif cPcP ajymjy
ygap/ igYom;BuD;vQif aoa&;BuKHu ol&Jaumif;tjzpfESifY aocsifatmif pdwfpGJemygap ...
armif&Jacgif t0aejynfawmfrS ay;ydkYonfhpm}}
]]aemuf rMumcifbJ rifYtaz anmif&rf;bk&m;qD 0ifa&muftrSKxrf;awmY ppfuJBuD;&mxl;&NyD;

vuf0JpnfolbGJUeJY tvGefwefcdk;BuD;aewmyJ/ tdrfaSUrif;uvJ awmifilrif;vdk r[kwfbl;/ ppfajrjyifrSm
&ifajruwkwfvkyfNyD; wdkuf&JwJY ppfAdkvfppfom;udk tvGef csD;ajrmufawmfrlowJY ...}}
]]tEdkY ... t0aejynfawmfrSm taz aemuftdrfaxmifjyKao;ovm; ...}}
RI
SK
]]rjyKbl;uGJU ... ol[m ppfa&;ppf&mbufrSm pdwftvGef0ifpm;aew,f/ udkif; udkif; ... awmfawmf

nOfheufoGm;NyD? vluav; tdyfacsawmY ...}}[k qdkojzifY armifbkef;jrifYvnf; rdciftyg;rS xcJYum
4if;\tdyfcef;odkY 0ifoGm;avawmYownf;/
ou
rO
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
,cktcgrlum; Sifeef;EG,fuav;rSm touf 15-ESpftG,fodkY a&mufvmNyDjzpf

armifbkef;jrifYrSmvnf; touf 18-ESpftG,fodkY wdkifcJYav\/ 4if;wdkYESpfOD;rSm 0ifxGufawGUqkHcsdef
rsm;cJYonfjzpfojzifY? tajymtqdk taetxdkif aS;uxuf &if;ESD;&Jwif;Muav\/ wpfOD;udkwpfOD;
txl;cspfcifum rsufpdatmufu taysmufrcHEdkifatmifjzpf aeMuav\/ odkY&mwGif armifbkef;jrifYrSm
rdrdv,fajrrsm;udk udk,fwdkifBuD;Muyf vkyfom;rsm;ESifY xGef,ufvkyfudkifae&m? wpf&Hwpfcg
v,fawmwGif 10-&uf? 15-&ufcefYMumvQif Sifeef;EG,frSm rdNidrf;omudkvTwf acgif;cJvkdY
aeraumif;vdkY ponfjzifY ajymqdkum cPjyefvm&ef tajymcdkif;avYSd\/ armifbkef;jrifYrSmvnf;
Sifeef;EG,frSmvQif tl,m;zm;,m; tajy;jyefvmvsuf ajcrudkifrdvufrudkifrd ar;jref;,k,um
aeSmav\/ Sifeef;EG,f\ omrn a&m*gav;rsm;vnf; awmf&modkYajy;aSmifvsuf cspfolaysmfatmif
tvdkvdkufum aeavYSd\/
Zarni 86
- 42 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
wpfnaecif;um; Sifeef;EG,fonf armifbkef;jrifYvmrnfhaeY jzpfojzifY tdrfjywif;rS rMumcP

arQmfrSef;Munfhav&m? rdNidrf;omrSm ysuf&,fvnf;rjyK0HY? wnfwnfwHYwHYvnf; raeEdkifojzifY wHcg;
tuG,frS MunfhSKNyKH;&,f aerdav\/ xdktcdkuf Sifeef;EG,fudkom tmkHpl;pdkufvmcJYaom
armifbkef;jrifYonf rdNidrf;om bdkif;ueJ vJusatmif 0ifwdk;rdojzifY? ]]uRwfuRwf ... tdk rawmfvdkY?
rNidrf;om emrsm;emoGm;ovm; ...}}[k ar;jref;rdaomfvnf;? rsufESmxm;rSm Sufwufwufjzpfum cPrQ
idkifaerdav\/ Sifeef;EG,fuav;um; jywif;aygufrSqkwfcGmum anmifapmif;ay:wGif aÈ&&ESifY
xdkifaeav&m rdNidrf;omrSmvnf; 4if;\eHab;udk vufESifYESdyf ]]remygbl; bkef;bkef; ...}}[k SKHUrJYum
xoGm;av\/
]]wuwJ ... EG,fEG,fudk Munhfae&wmeJY vlwpfa,mufvkH;awmif 0ifwdk;rdw,f/ oluvJ
SmSmazGazG wHcg;Mum;xJrSm bmvkyfaeovJyJ ...}}[k ajymqdk&if; Sifeef;EG,f\eHab;wGif tom0if
xdkifav\/
RI
SK
Sifeef;EG,fuav;um; 15-ESpftG,fodkY a&mufSdvmonfhtwdkif; tom;t&nfrsm; wpfaeY

wjcm; pdkjynfvsuf e*dk&nf tacsmwGif xyfavmif;ta&mifwifouJYodkY MunfMunfvifvif jzpf
aeav\/ cgomtwGif;cH? AvmxrD MuufaoG;a&mif? ydk;p&ifapYtxd zkH;vTrf;umqD;xm;aomfvnf;
wif;rmvSaom &ifom;txufydkif;rSm rdkY0dkif;cRefwufvsuf b,ufwefqmrsm;\ta&mifESifY a&maxG;
aeav\/ ESpfawmifYxGmcefYrsm; eufarSmifaomqHyifudk aemufwGJxkH;xm;av&m? rusOf;rus,fezl;?
jyL;us,faomrsufvkH;? eufnDaomrsufckH;? aumYwufaom rsufawmif? ykvJa&mifaiGoGm;? ESmwH
uav;rsm; cyfpif;pif;ESifY 0if;0gaeonfhtom;wdkYaMumifY rsm;pGmMunfhSKwifYw,faeav&m? wpdrfYpdrfY
MunfhSKaeaom armifbkef;jrifYonf EG,fEG,fuav;udk rpGrf;r&J SdvGef;vSojziYf ayGUzufodrf;BuKH;
,liifum? nDnmajyjypfacsmrGwfaom yg;jyifuav;udk tm;yg;w& arT;MuLvdkuf&if; wpfzefjyef
vTwfwJYum ...
ty
ou
rO
]]b,fawmYrS ESpfudk,faygif;NyD; aumif;aumif;BuD; aexdkif&ygrvJ EG,fEG,f&JU/ EG,fEG,fu

toufuav; BuD;BuD;vmNyD; ckvdkjrif&av? pdwfxJrSm rcsdrqefYjzpfav? &efolawGtay: pdk;&drf&avyJ
EG,fEG,f&,f/ okH;ESpfawmif rqdkif;MuygpdkYeJY ...}}
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
]]tdk bkef;bkef;uvJ ... bbbk&m;[m pum;tvGefjrJcJYw,f/ txifvGJawmfrlrSmudk pdk;&drf&

ygw,f/ EG,fEG,f&JU udk,fcEmudk bkef;bkef;tm; qufoNyD;rdkY ckvdkarT;wmudk tvdkvdkufcJYw,f
r[kwfvm; ...}}
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
]][kwfygw,f ... "rowft&qdkvQif? udk,fcEmtxufydkif;rSm ta&;tBuD;qkH;[m ckvdk

arT;vdkufjcif;udk MunfompGm vufcHwm[m txl;ta&;a&mufwmygyJ/ EdkYayr,fY cspf&wJYolrSmawmY
'D[meJY tm;r&? aeYnOfhtwl MunfjzLESpfoufoavmuf aecsifwJYpdwfawGu BudwfvdkYomaecJY&w,f?
tonf;uawmY cyfemem jzpfaewmyJ EG,fEG,f&JU ...}}
Co
]]EG,fEG,fvJ bkef;bkef;udk wpfADZem jyefc&mrS rcGJcsifbl;/ tEdkYayrJY bbbk&m;trdefYeJY

ae&awmY tavmokH;q,f pum;pzdkY cJ,Of;aeygw,f ...}}
Zarni 86
- 43 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
]]bkef;bkef;eJY EG,fEG,f[m wpfESpfcefYtMum &efol ray:ygapeJYvdkY qkawmif;&wmyJ ...}}

]]tdk ... edrdwfrSd ermrSd? bkef;bkef; pOf;pm;Munfhawmfrlyg/ olrsm; &nfiHMuw,fqdkwm[m
omrnav;yg/ [dkpOftcgu bkef;bkef;eJY EG,fEG,frSm b,fYuavmuf pGJvrf;MuovJ/ wu,fvdkYom
tajrmftjrifBuD;wJY rdbu 0ifa&mufru,fq,fbJ toufi,fi,feJY tavmfrmrsm;w,fvdkY
&ufpufNyD; xm;Mur,fqdk&if tckavmufSd&if tdk;aqG;Mua&maygY/ 'gYaMumifY EG,fEG,feJY bkef;bkef;[m
aS;b0a&puf olrsm;xufBuD;cJYw,fvdkY ,kHygw,f ...}}
]]bkef;bkef;vJ ,kHMunfygw,f ... 'gayr,fY umvBuD;u rif;ajymif;rif;vGJ rif;em;uyf wefcdk;
,lwJY vlawGuvJ trsm;qdkawmY EG,fEG,fYudk owif;Mum;eJY BuHpnfMurSjzifY ...}}
]]olwdkY b,fvdkBuHpnfBuHpnf EG,fEG,fryg&if NyD;a&m r[kwfvm;/ udkif; ajymaeMuma&mYr,f ...
NyD;rS pum;qufajymwmaygY/ ESpfOD; opmqdk&atmif ...}}[k aiGa&wpfaumif;wGif tkyfxm;aom
aTzvm;i,fudk,lum anmifa&tdk;pifrS a&rsm;udk xnfhav\/ NyKH;NyKH;uav;Munfh&if; ...
]]udkif; udkif; ... ESpfOD; pdwfcs&atmif bkef;bkef; opmqdk&Jrvm; ...}}
]]EG,fEG,f rdef;rom;awmif qdk&Jao;wmyJ/ bkef;bkef;u a,musfm;bJ rqdk0HYp&m rSdygbl; ...}}
]]'gjzifY ...}}
ig;yg;oDvcH,lNyD;aemuf ...
ou
rO
RI
SK
]]tSifbk&m; wynhfawmfwdkYonf b0 wpfOD;udkwpfOD; rypfy,fpwrf;? &moufyef

aygif;oif;aexdkifMuygrnfbk&m;/ tu,f wpfOD;OD;u aoGz,fcJYaomf aoGz,folonf ukef;oGm;vQif
ukef;ab;? a&oGm;vQif a&ab;oifY aovGefonfhtqkH; t0DpdwGif usygapom; ...}}[k NyKdifwl
wdkifwnfum anmifa&tdk;a&udk wpfvSnfhpDaomufNyD;aemuf ESpfOD;pvkH; ausmcsrf;oGm;Muav\/
ea
ty
]]udkif; EG,fEG,f? auseyfawmfrlNyDvm; ... ,kHawmfrlygNyDvm; ...}}
bo
ok
wi
ll b
]]'guawmY EG,fEG,fu ar;&r,fYpum;yg/ EG,fEG,fu bkef;bkef;tay: b,fawmYrS r,kHouFm

rSdcJYbl;/ bkef;bkef;[m EG,fEG,fxuf ydkrdkcifr,fYvl rSdbl;vdkY pdwfcsNyD;ygNyD ...}}
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
]]bkef;bkef;uvJ EG,fEG,fYudk 'DvdkpdwfcsNyD;ygyJ/ EdkYayr,fY rawmfwq wefcdk;tmPmeJY twif;

tusyf BuHpnfwJYolrsm;Sd&if rdef;rom;uav;rdkY pdk;&drfrdaMumif;ajymwmyg/ bkef;bkef;udk bk&if
wpfyg;u EG,fEG,fY r,l&bl;? 'djyifrdef;r ,l&r,f? em;raxmif&if owfypfr,fqdk&if ckcHEdkifu ckcHr,f?
rckcHEdkifu touftaocHvdkufrSmaygY}}
Co
]]EG,fEG,fvJ vlEGJUaESmif;ayr,fY ... 'DudprSm raysmYygbl; bkef;bkef;&JU/ prf;MuygapawmYvm;?

EG,fEG,f Edkifoavmuf ckcHrSmaygY/ rEdkif&if EG,fEG,fYtouf bmESajrmp&mSdovJ ...}}
Zarni 86
- 44 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
]]udkif;uG,f 'Dvdkpdk;&drfwJYpum;awG rajymMuygeJYpdkY/ [dkwpfaeYu bkef;bkef;ar;wm pOf;pm;

NyD;NyDvm; ... tJ'g ajzprf;yg/ EG,fEG,fYtaMumif; 'Dwpfcgod&wmaygY ...}}
]]bmwJYav ... tif;? rdef;uav;uzsm;? taSUt&yfu q&mwpfa,muf? taemuft&yfu
q&mwpfa,muf? q&mESpfa,muf aq;uk? rdef;uav;tdrfeJY q&mESpfa,muftdrf tuGmta0;twlwl?
q&mESpfa,mufkyf&nfeJY toufuvJ twlwl? aq;pGrf;uvnf;wl? reufwpfacguf nwpfacguf
aq;vmukMu&awmY wpfaeYESpfacgufpD twl? rdef;uav;a&m*gaysmufawmY b,fq&mudk,lxdkufovJ
qdkwm r[kwfvm; ...}}
]]ZmwfaMumif;cif;raeygeJY/ b,foleJY &oifYovJqdkwm ajymyg}}
]]wpfaeYuawmY EG,fEG,f em;a0YoGm;vdkY &ufawmif;wmyg/ tvG,fuav; ... tm;vkH;twlwl
jzpfayr,fY rwlwm ygao;w,f bkef;bkef;&JU/ bmvJqdk&if taSUt&yfu q&meJY taemuft&yfu
q&m? rdef;uav;tdrf vmMuawmY reufcif;rSm taemufu q&m aerif;udk rsufESmjyKvm&w,f/
taSUu q&muawmY ausmay;vm&w,f/ naecif;usawmY taemufu q&mrSm 'DvdkbJ aeylcH
vm&awmY? aeYSnf&ufrsm; taemufu q&mvm&wm yifyef;vdkY ol &xdkufwmaygY/ [kwfuJYvm; ...}}
[k ar;vdkuf&m ...
]]tJ'grS ynmSduGJU/ bkef;bkef;u EG,fEG,fYpOf;pm;Pf b,favmufSdovJvdkY prf;Munfhwmyg}}
[k NyKH;TifpGm ajymqdkaeav\/
ou
rO
RI
SK
]]EG,fEG,f i,fi,fwkef;uvJ bbbk&m;u? EG,fEG,f ig pum;xm0Sufr,f em;axmif? vrf;rSm

vlBuD;wpfa,mufeJY oli,fwpfa,mufawGUMuawmY ... vlBuD;u rif;[m igYom;t&if;yJ? 'gayr,fY
ig[m rif;taz r[kwfbl;vdkY ajymowJY/ vlBuD;eJYoli,f bmawmfMuovJvdkY ar;w,f/ vlBuD;?
oli,frsm; bmawmfMuovJvdkY ar;wmudk;/ EG,fEG,fu cPpOf;pm;NyD; olYtazr[kwf&if olYtareJY
awGUwmaygYvdkY ajymvdkufawmY auseyfoGm;wmyJ ...}}
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
]]a,musfm;eJY rdef;r aSUoGm;aemufvdkufnDw,fqdkwm kyf&nflyum,wGifom r[kwfbl;?

pdwfaeoabmxm; tBuHPfvJ wlMurS EG,fEG,f&JU/ 'gxuf bkef;bkef;[m v,fajreJY ukefonf
tvkyfudk pdwf0ifpm;aeayr,fY? trSefu ppfbufrSm trSKxrf;NyD; ppfwdkufcsifwJYpdwfawGu tvGef
rsm;aew,f/ taMumif;nDwJYwpfaeY ppfxJvdkufcsifwmyJ/ EG,fEG,fYoabm ...}}
us
eo
ft
his
bo
]]aMomf ... bkef;bkef;u crnf;awmfBuD; ppfbufrSm ausmfovdk vlausmf ol&Jaumif;wpfa,muf

jzpfcsifw,f qdkygawmY/ 'Dvdk ol&Jaumif;wpfa,mufjzpfr,fqdk&if EG,fEG,fvJ ol&Jaumif;wpfOD;&JUZeD;
jzpfrSmrdkY odyfNyD;0rf;omwmaygY}}
mm
erc
i
al
]]tvdkvdkufNyD; tBuKdufudkajymaewmvm; EG,fEG,f&,f ...}}
Co
]]r[kwf&aygifyg/ EG,fEG,fYbbk&m;vJ ppfyGJawGrSm ausmfcJYolwpfa,mufjzpfaMumif; bkef;bkef;

Mum;zl;ygvdrfYr,f/ EG,fEG,fudk,fwdkifvJ tbaoG;ruif;bl;vdkY 'djyifvlajym&if &,farm uJY&JUMurvm;
Zarni 86
- 45 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
rodyg/ EG,fEG,fudk tcsKdU rdef;razmfrsm;u kyf&nfuawmY eef;wGif;arG; yifwdkifpHuJYodkY acsmyg&JU?

udk,ftrlt&m toGm;tvm a,musfm;vdkvdk Murf;wrf;w,fvdkY uJY&JUjcif;cH&zl;ygw,f ...}}
]]EkMuwJYacwfBuD;rSm EG,fEG,fwpfa,mufu xl;awmY jyL;wl;jyJwJ ajymMuwmaygY/ wu,fyJ
'DvdkpdwfrsKd;Sdw,fqdkwm bkef;bkef; ,kHMunfpGm om"kac:ygw,f/ aemiftcg ESpfudk,foifYvdkY &ifrmwJY
oaEu oHawGcJ ol&Jaumif;uav; arG;vmrSmyJaemf ...}}
]]tdk ... b,fYESm Sufp&majymae&wmwkef; bkef;bkef;&JU ...}}[k armifbkef;jrifYausmjyifudk tom
t,m xkESufaeav\/
xdkYaemuf Sifeef;EG,fonf taqmiful; a&wHavQmufatmufu ESif;qDyifrS MuufaoG;a&mif
aygufaeaom ESif;qDyef;yGifYBuD;rsm;udk vufnKd;nTef&if;? ]]bkef;bkef; cl;NyD;yefray;csifbl;vm;}}[k
rsufvkH;uav; txufodkYvSefvsuf ar;jref;vdkufav&m? armifbkef;jrifYonf cspfoluav;tm;
cyfNyKH;NyKH;uav; MunfhSKwJYNyD;vQif ...
]]'Dvdkyef;rsKd; ryefaumif;bl; EG,fEG,f&JU ...}}
]]tdk ... yef;yefwmyJ bmjzpfvdkYvJ bkef;bkef;&,f? b,fYESmaMumifY ryefaumif;&wmwkef; ...}}
]]em;axmif ... bkef;bkef; okH;axmiftdkif oDcsif;wpfyk'f qdkjyr,f/ ynmSdrsm;vJ rSwfom;avY
SdMuw,f}}[k ajymqdkum? tdkifcsif;wpf0ufwpfysufudk atmufygtwdkif;qdk t"dyg,fyg ajymjyav\/
RI
SK
]]OoQpfoD; ajrBuD;rSmjrKyf? jymzkH;tkyfvdkY rD;zkwfvdkuf&if? oD;azmf&,frSoD;zuf? tyifxufrSm

wufwufpif? rD;uifonfhES,f uGJwwfw,f ...}}
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
]]a[m ... rSwfxm;? OoQpfwpfyifu toD;udkrD;zkwf&if tyifay:u oD;orQ tufuGJa&mwJY/

'gawmif tdkifcsif;a&;ol usefao;w,f/ tJovdk rD;zkwfxm;wJY tvkH;udk THUykyfrSm pdrf&if toD;
jyefaumif;owJY/ qufNyD; em;axmifOD;/ paeN*Kd[fpm; Budrfcdkufrsm;rSm? cs,m;opfyif tdrfavSum;wGif
pdkufxm;vQifrl? tifcGifOpm enf;wwfw,f/ paeN*Kd[fpm;wkef; ca&yif tdrfavSum; rpdkuf&bl;wJY/
aemufwydk'fuawmY wHpufa&ESifY wGif;a&rwl? a&u rdk;a&csKd;ol? nif;jzLNyKd;ajymuf pGJwwfw,f/
y0gaysmuf taxmufu,frS rwef? rsufESmopfvdkY tnpfcH? 0ufNcHrSnfhvdkY rnf;wwfw,f/ oeyfcg;
ausmufjyifay:wGif aomufa&at;ESifY a&maoG;vmvQif eHYomtay: usJwwfw,f/ rdk;csKyfu,frSae0if?
pm;zdkxJ trJuif? pkef;rSifewfwdkY &Jwwfw,f/ yef;eDeD ryefavESifY? tb,frSm ewfyef;yGifYwJY? twifY
i,frS&Jcsif? aysmfvdktm;ESifY acgifzsm;wif? t&ifvleJY vGJwwfw,f/ ukdif; 'gawGuawmY t"dyg,f
ygw,f/ aemufqkH;tydk'frSm em;vnfNyDvm;? yef;eD[m ewfyef;rsKd;rdkY acgif;rSmyefvQif t&ifvleJY
vGJwwfw,fwJY ...}}[k qdkvdkufvQif? Sifeef;EG,fuav;rSm rsufESmrsm;ysufvsuf? ]]bkef;bkef; pdwfrqdk;
ygeJYaemf? EG,fEG,frodvdkY ajymrdwmyg}}[k tcgcg awmif;yefav\/
Co
]]tdk rodvdkYajymrdwm b,fwwfEdkifrvJ/ rsufESmawmfrnKdprf;ygeJY EG,fEG,f&,f? aysmfaysmfTifTif

aeprf;yg}}[k ,k,ajymqdkav\/
Zarni 86
- 46 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
]]bkef;bkef;u aS;uAsmawG tm;BuD;&w,faemf ...}}

]]enf;enf;yg;yg;awmY &ygw,f/ 'gayr,fY tazu uAsmvuFm tEkorm;awG[m vkHYv0D&d,
pdkufxlNyD; ppfbuftokH;BuD;wJY wdkif;jynfeJY rawmfbl;qdkvdkY rvdkufpm;awmYygbl;/ ppfa&;ppf&mudkom
qnf;yl;aerdwmygyJ EG,fEG,f&,f ...}}
cspfolESpfOD;um; ae0ifNzKd;zstcsdefrS pum;ajymaeMu&m? oli,ftdwfqdwfcsdefodkYwdkifaomfvnf;
pum;ajymaumif;wkef;jzpfav\/ naecif;wGif axmufrxm;aom uJvm;wHcg;rsm;vnf; csvsuf
uRef;wdkifvkH;BuD;rsm;ab;wGif qDrD;cGufBuD;rsm;jzifY tvif;a&mifrsm; xGef;awmufvsufSdav\/
yifv,fjyifrS jzwfoef;wdkufcwfvmaom avjynfavnif;rsm;onf 0ifvm&mrS acgif;jyLvsuf cspfol
ESpfOD;tm; MunfEl;pdwfvef;atmif yufzsef;aeMuav\/ xdktcdkuf rdNidrf;omonf jymjymovJ
uJvm;udk tjyifu acgufvdkufNyD; ...]]udkbkef; udkbkef;}}[k ac:av&m? armifbkef;jrifYvnf; ae&mrS
kwfcsnf;xvdkufav\/ Sifeef;EG,fonf armifbkef;jrifY\ cg;udkzufum ]]EG,fEG,fvJ vdkufcJYr,f?
bmvJ bmvJ}}[k ar;pOf armifbkef;jrifYonf uJvm;udk rav\/ uJvm;tjyifbufodkY ESpfOD;om;
xGufNyD;aemuf ]]bmvJ bmvJ rdNidrf;om}}[k ar;&m? ]]tdrfaSUawmf jrefjrefvmyg? [dkusrS odr,f?
r,fr,fzk&m; tac:vTwfvdkY ...}}[kqdkojzifY omyif pdk;&drfruif;jzpfMuum tajy;uav; oGm;Mu
av\/
RI
SK
tdrfaSUcef;wGifum; 0efuawmfBuD;onf 0efrif;\vufrS "m;Snfudk vk&if; ]]pOf;pm;ygOD;

pOf;pm;ygOD;? bmvdkYSuf&rSmvJ ...}}[k txyfxyfajymqdkvsuf axG;vkH;aeMuonfudk awGUjrifMu&m?
ESpfOD;pvkH; 4if;wdkYtwGuf[k twwfawG;um MuufaoaoaeMuav\/ armifbkef;jrifYvnf; rdrd
"m;ESifY tckwfcHrS cH&apawmY? 'djyifvl rxdap&bl;[k 0efuawmfBuD;ESifYtwl ]]oabmruswm
NyD;awmYrSajymyg/ "m;udkcsxm;ygOD; bb&JU ...}}[k twif;vk&m? vli,ftm;jzpf "m;udk&Sdav\/
0efrif;um; ]]SufaozdkYaumif;w,f/ "m;udk ay;yg}}[k awmif;aomfvnf; armifbkef;jrifYonf ray;bJ
SdaepOf 0efuawmfBuD;u ...
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
]]udk,fYrSm 'D&mxl;jyKwfawmYaum iwfaorSmvm; ... wpfoufpm;rukefygbl;/ &mxl;jyKwfvdkY

udk,fYudk,fudk owfaow,fqdkwm vlMum;Sufp&mBuD; ...}}[k qufvufajymqdkrS armifbkef;jrifYrSm
4if;wdkYtwGuf r[kwf? oefvsif0efrif; &mxl;jyKwfvkYd xif&mBuHaMumif; em;vnfum ]]bm *kpdkufp&m
awGvJ bb&,f? vlyJ tBuHeJ PfeJYaewm/ wpfaeYaeY uvJYpm;acsEdkifrSmaygY}}[k 0ifa&mufajymqdk
av\/ 0efuawmfBuD;um; tajymvnfywf csKdomvSojzifY trsKd;rsKd;vSnfhywfajymqkdav&m? EG,fEG,f
uav;rSmvnf; ... ]]bb bb? EG,fEG,fYudk cspfw,fqdk? bb 'Dvdk &ufpuf&if EG,fEG,fwdkY cufukef
rSmaygY ...}}[k idkjyefojzifY? 0efrif;rSm rsuf&nf0dkif;vmSmav\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
]]ukvm;jzLawGudk igpdwfrqdk;ygbl;/ bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmY 'if;wdkY[m tpurS raumif;cJYyJ/

tck bbwdkYrSm udk,fYjrefrmtcsif;csif;jzpfwJY jrefrmvlrsKd;awG tqif;wGef;cH&wmom SufwmygyJuG,f/
awmuf ... wdkif;jynfudk olrsm;vuftyf&w,fqdkwm 'DvdktaumifrsKd;awGaMumifYa[Y/ 'if;wdkYawmY
wpfaeYod&rSmaygYuG,f ...}}[k Budrf;0g;aeav\/ wpfzef 0efrif;onf pum;qufum ...
Zarni 86
- 47 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
]]udkif; armifbkef;jrifY? rif;wdkYudk EG,fEG,f touf 16-ESpfjynfhrS vufxyfay;r,fvdkYBuHcJYw,f/

,ckawmY rjzpfubl;/ rif;tdrfjyefawmY? 0if;rSL;BuD;eJY rif;ararudk wdkifyif? eufjzefrSm vufxyfr,f
[kwfvm;/ ckaecg BuD;BuD;us,fus,frvkyfvdkbl;/ vufxyfNyD;&if igYom;vJ bbeJYtwlae&vdrfYr,f/
bbwdkYta&;[m onfvdkeJYat;Mur,f r[kwfbl; ...}}[k ajymqdkav&m? ESpfOD;pvkH;rSm eD;pyfMu&
awmYrnfjzpf tvGeftusL;0rf;ajrmufMuaomfvnf; trlt&mudk owdxm;um ...
]]aumif;ygNyD bb? trdefYawmftwdkif; aqmifGufygYr,f}}[kqdkum armifbkef;jrifY xGufcGmoGm;
av\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
RI
SK
Zarni 86
- 48 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
tcef; (5)
aemufwpfaeYeHeuf qGrf;cHjyefcsdefum; oefvsif0efrif;tdrfwGif tdrfeD;csif;rsm;? jrefrmtrSKawmf

xrf;a[mif;rsm; qif;wufaeMuonfudk awGUjrif&av\/
vlBuD;vlaumif;rsm; pkHaomtcg oefvsif0efrif;u rdrd\orD;axG; Sifeef;EG,fudk t0
aejynfawmf ppfuJBuD; vuf0Jpnfol\om; armifbkef;jrifYESifY vufxyfr*Fvm tcrf;tem; jyKvkyfjcif;
jzpfaMumif;? rdrdwdkYonf vGefcJYonfhESpfESpfu aMumif;vrf;uwdxm;cJYaom v,fajrypnf;rsm;udk
vufzGJUtyfESHaMumif;rsm;udk ajymqdkvsufSdav\/
vli,fESpfOD;um; t0wftpm; om;em;pGm 0wfqifvsuf ckHjrifYwGif xdkifaeMu&m? vufxyf
tcgay;csdef eD;onfESifYwpfNyKdifeuf? jrefrmynmSdBuD;wpfOD;u aiGzvm;BuD;wGif owdkYom; owdkYorD;
vufrsm;udk udkifwG,fqufpyf xyfvsufxm;um? okwdMobm r*Fvmpum;rsm;udk ajymqdkvsuf
Sdav\/
RI
SK
0efuawmfBuD;um; rdrdwdkYwdkif;jynfwGif csD;jrifYawmfrl&if; rif;w&m;BuD;Sdawmfrlygu? rdrdwdkY

uJYodkY tqifYtwef; SdonfhtajctaerSm rnfrQcrf;em;avrnfudk awG;awm0rf;enf;um rsuf&nfrsm;
vnfvmSmav\/ SifjrwfvSrSmvnf; rdrdcifyGef;onfomSdygu? om;uav;\ vufxyfyGJrSm
rdpkHzpkHESifY *kPfusufoa& rnfrQSdrnfudk awG;rdojzifY rsuf&nf0dkif;jyef&m? 0if;rSL;BuD;u ckvdk r*Fvm
tcgwGif rsufESmnKd;i,f rsuf&nfrvnfMu&ef owday;NyD;aemuf? tjcm;&if;ESD;olwdkY vufzGJUpm&if;udk
pma&;awmfwpfOD;u zwfMum;vsuf? vufxyftcrf;tem;rSm NyD;qkH;oGm;av\/
y&dowfrsm;vnf; wpfpwpfp pJoGm;av&m tdrfoltdrfom;rsm;omvQif usef&pfMuavonf/
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
vwfqwfMunfEl;aom tMuif ZeD;cifyGef;tjzpfjzifY aygif;oif;aexdkifMuaom bkef;bkef;ESifY

EG,fEG,fwdkYum; wpfOD;rsufESmuav;udk wpfOD;rjrif& raeEdkif? wpfaeYwmuav;xGufcGmvQif &ufMum
umvul;vsuf ESpfy&dapyif usL;cJYonf[k rSwfxifavYSdMu\/ acsmif;jcm;udE&mwdkY wpfnwmESifY
ESpfaygif; 700? okH;&ufavsmY idka<u;Muonf[laom bvmwd, edygwfawmfudk tjcm;olrsm;xuf
t"dyg,faygufMu\/ tG,frsm;uvnf;i,f? tcspfrSmvnf; vufOD;awGUjzpfojzifY? tcspfyifv,f
aMumwGif epfarsmvdkufygvsuf? tP0gjyifus,fudkyif i,fonf[k rSwfxifMu[efSdav\/
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
xdkuJYodkY aysmfjrL;cspfcifMu &ufowwpfywftMumwGif tvif;a&mifxGef;ndNyD;cgp tcsdef

oefvsif0efrif;onf
armifbkef;jrifYtm;
4if;xHyg;odkY
vma&muf&ef
ac:,lvdkufav\/
armifbkef;jrifYonf ZeD;onftem;rS tomxum 0efrif;teD;odkY a&mufvQif? 0efrif;onf av;av;
pm;pm; MunfhSK&if; ...
Co
]]igYom;BuD;wpfa,mufyJ tm;udk;&ykHaygufvdkY aemufu taMumif; wdkifyifzdkY ac:wmyJuGJU ...}}
Zarni 86
- 49 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
]]bb pDrHawmfrlorQ wpfprusef toufpGefYaqmifGufzdkY toifYyg ...}}

]]bb[m EG,fEG,feJY tjrefvufqufapwm[m taMumif;ESpfckSdw,f/ wpfcku EG,fEG,ftm;
tjcm;ydk;yef;olrsm; &efrSmEdkifatmifjzpfw,f/ usefwpfcsufuawmY igYom;BuD;&JU Zmwmpef;v*f
kyfvuPmESifYwuG? tb\ ol&owdaoG;ygodvdkY tb\vl,kH jrefjrefjzpfNyD; wkdifyifp&mudk jrefjref
wdkifyif&atmifvdkYyJuGJU/ usrf;*efrSmvJ ppfyGJrSm owdaumif;oludk tvdkSd&r,f? wdkifyifcsif&if ESKwfvkH
oludk tvdkSd&r,f? eufeJwJYykpmudkodcsif&if ynmSdukd tvdkSd&r,f? xrif; tazsmfeJY pm;p&muav;
&&if cspfoludk tvdkSd&r,f qdkwJYtwdkif;? igYom;BuD;rSm owdeJY ESKwfvkHvkHae&mrSm tbtoufESifYtwl
cspfcif,kHMunf&r,fvdkY pdwfcs&ayw,f/ 'gYaMumifY uaeYnjzifY ZmwfvSef&OD;r,f vluav;&JU ...}}
]]rSefyg ... rdefYorQ pOf;pOf;pm;pm; em;axmifvdkaMumif;yg ...}}
]]igYom; [Hom0wDqifjzLSifrif;w&m;BuD;&JUtaMumif; Mum;zl;w,f r[kwfvm;uGJU ...}}
]]rSefyg azazeJY bdk;bdk;ajymjyvdkY od&aMumif;yg/ i,femrnf Sif&JxG#f? aemuf bk&ifYaemif
ausmfxifaemf&xm? aemuf qifjzLSifqdkNyD; jrefrmwpfEdkifiHvkH;udk tkyfpdk;ydkifowJYtjyif? ,dk;',m;?
Zif;r,fwdkYyg EdkifiHawmfjzpfzl;w,fvdkY od&aMumif;yg ...}}
ea
ty
ou
rO
RI
SK
]]tdrf; ... qifjzLSifrif;w&m;BuD;vufxufu bb&JUcrnf;awmf[m 'D oefvsif0efrif;aygY/

bbvJ crnf;awmf&JUtarGudk qufcHtkyfpdk;cJY&w,f/ aemuf qifjzLSifrif;w&m;BuD; ewfGmvm;&ifyJ
xD;eef;qufcHwJY om;awmf tdrfaSUrif;udk rusKd;EGHMubJ? awmifilu wpfrif;? jynfu wpfrif;?
Srf;apmfbGm;awGu wpfrsKd;qdkovdk jcm;em;Muw,fuGJU/ tvGef0rf;enf;p&maumif;wJY jrefrmwdkYoabm
awGyJ/ wefcdk;tmPmBuD;wJY yk*KdvfwpfOD;ay:rS wpfEdkifiHvkH;udk odrf;BuKH;tkyfcsKyfEdkifw,f/ EdkYr[kwf&if
rif;vkyfcsifwJYolawGay:NyD; wdkufMucdkufMu? wpfa,mufraumif; wpfa,mufBuHMu? qif;&Jom;awG
aoG;xGufoH,dkeJY aoMu? ypnf;qkH; tiftm;enf;jzpfMu&w,f/ aemuf anmif&rf;bk&m;vufxuf
usawmY bkef;wefcdk; Sdvmjyef&ifyJ wcsKdU anmif&rf;vufatmufrSm 0ifa&mufMuw,f/ ckawmY
anmif&rf;bk&m; odEDutjyef ewfGmvm;vdkY om;awmf tdrfaSUrif; xD;eef;qufcHaew,f/ bkd;awmf
qifjzLSifowdrsKd;rdkY rSL;rwf aus;uRef apmfbGm;apmfcHrSp txl;,kHMunfudk;pm;jcif;udk cHawmfrl&w,f}}
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
]]bbwdkY oefvsifrSmvnf; qifjzLSifbk&m; ewfGmvm;NyD;wJYaemuf? ukvm;iZifum[m

rkwrpm; Anm;'v&JUom; Anm;EG,fudk orD;ay;NyD; crnf;cruf zrf;Muw,f/ rkwrpm;&JU tultnD
&vQif b,folYudkrQ rusKd;EGHawmYbl;? olwpfrif;vdkyJ jyKrlaexdkifw,f/ 64-ckESpfuaygYuG,f?
65-ckESpfrSm &cdkifbk&ifu om;awmf tdrfaSUOy&mZmeJY ppfwyfawG vTwfNyD;wdkufawmY &cdkifrif;om;
SKH;NyD; ukvm;vufxJ a&muf&Smw,f/ aemuf auseyfatmif aiGaMu;ay;urf;awmif;NyD; ukvm;udk
rif;wpfyg;uJYodkY ajymqdkokH;ESKef;&w,f/ aemuf awmifiluvnf; ukvm;axmifxm;ykHudk rcHEkdifvdkY
qif-300? jrif;-3000? ppfom;-30000 eJY wdkufcdkufw,f/ ukvm;bufu NrKdUpD;NrKdUeif;aumif;NyD;
tajrmufaoewfxlxyfvdkY awmifilbk&ifvJ ruyfEkdifbl;? tavQmYay;&w,f/ tJ'Daemuf ukvm;
iZifumudk wdkufcdkufEdkifolrSdbJ bk&ifwpfqlvdk aexdkifvmwm uaeYwdkif 5-ESpf 6-ESpf&moDxJ
Zarni 86
- 50 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
a&mufvmNyDuGJU/ bb owdxm;MunfhSKcJYoavmufjzifY tawmfqdk;Gm;aeNyD/ Sifbk&ifawG tvkH;

t&if;eJY wdkufayr,fY rEdkifMuawmYbl; vluav;&JU ...}}
]]bbwdkY jrefrmawGuawmY bmrqdk aygYaygYqq aexdkifcJYMuw,f/ vlrsKd;jcm;ukvm;awGu
'Dvdkr[kwfbl;/ qifjzLSifrif;w&m;vufxufu iZifumwdkYvdk ukvm;jzLawGudk 400-pk 500-pk
ppfwyfzGJUNyD; aus;uReftjzpf tokH;cscJYw,f/ bkef;vufkH;eJY jynfhpkHwJYyk*KdvfqdkawmY ukvm;awG raxmif
xm;0HYbl;/ 'gayr,fY oif;wdkY tcGifYta&;udk tjrJMunfhNyD; ae&muGufuav;wpfck awmif;w,f/
jrefrmEdkifiHudkvJ b,fae&mu bmxGufw,f? b,fvrf;c&D; b,fvdkoGm;&w,fqdkwm tukefpkHprf;NyD;
xm;Muw,f/ aemufqkH; oif;wdkY tm;jznfh&if; EdkifiHudkodrf;cJYw,f/ enf;a&mYovm; vluav;?
tvGefrSyJ tonf;emp&maumif;w,f/ oefvsifudk tcdkiftrmjyKNyD; '*kef? 'v? ajrmif;jr? ykodrf
[dkbufqdk rkwrpm;u rkwr? armfvNrKdif? a&;? xm;0,f? Nrdwftxd oldkU ydkifukefMuNyD? oldkU&JU tBuHu
rMumrD tiftm;jznfhwif;NyD;wJYaemuf [Hom0wDudk wdkufr,f/ aemuf t0aejynfawmf? aemuf jrefrm
EdkifiHawmfwpfckvkH; ukvm;jzLEdkifiH vkyfawmYr,f/ 'gawGudk bbwdkY b,fYES,fBuHpnf ckcH&rvJ}}
ty
ou
rO
RI
SK
]]bb[m olwdkY&JU tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUrSm twdkifyifcHt&mSdwpfOD; tjzpfeJYyg&awmY oldkUvkyfykH

udkifykHawGudk bb tukefod&w,f/ jrefrmbk&ifawG rtkyfcsKyfwwfvdkY olwdkY odk;aqmif;ukvm;jzL&JU
,Ofaus;rSKjziYf tjrifus,fatmif vkyfrwJY? vlawGEdk;Mum;atmif vkyfrwJY/ 'gawGudk tcsKdUjrefrmawG
,kHMunfMuw,f? MunfnKdMuw,f/ bb pkHprf;od&oavmufqkd&if ukvm;jzLrSmvJ iZifumwdkYvlrsKd;u
ylwauwJY/ onfjyif 'wfcsfvlrsKd;? pydefvlrsKd;vdk vljzLrsKd;awG trsm;BuD;wJY/ 'DvlrsKd;awG[m ZrL'Dyg
ae&mwdkif;rSm jynfSmNyD; ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&; bef;jyum? olwdkYEdkifvQif vufeufESifY wdkufodrf;?
aemuf wdkif;jynfrSmSdwJYvlrsKd;awG wpfpwpfp wdrfaumatmifvkyf? oif;wdkYvlrsKd;awGu tJ'Dwdkif;jynf&JU
tqDtESpfawGudk &atmif,lavY SdMuwJYtaMumif; 'wfcsfvlrsKd;wpfOD;u bbudk ajymjyw,f
vluav;&JU/ b,fYuavmuf aMumufp&maumif;ovJ/ tJ'D vlrsKd;jcm; tkyfpdk;wmaMumifY vlrsKd;
aysmuf&r,f? wkdif;jynfSd tzdk;wefypnf; ukef&r,fqdk&if aoolESifY bmrSrjcm;awmYbl;/ oif;wdkY t,l
0g'uvJ rdpm'd|djzpfavawmY onfESpfajcmufESpftwGif;rSm oif;wdkYtkyfcsKyfvdkY jzpfysufae&ykHudk bb
ajymjyr,f ...}}[k oefvsif0efrif;\ ajymjycsufrSm tvGefw&mrS rSwfom;zG,faumif;vSojzifY?
armifbkef;jrifYrSm oefvsif0efrif;ajymorQudk aocsmav;eufpGm pOf;pm; em;axmifaeav\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
]]oif;wdkYtkyfcsKyfrS tusifYpm&dwawG tawmfysufpD;ukefMuNyD? ysufpD;kHomr[kwf? aiGaMu;vJ

tawmfukefcef;cJY&ykHudk bbajymjyr,fuGJU/ bbwdkY jrefrm wvdkif; u&ifvlrsKd;awG[m t&ufaopm
aomufpm;zl;ol tvGefenf;yg;cJYw,f/ wcsKdUwav SdjyefygvJ "eda&udk ykef;vQKd;uG,fvQKd;eJY aomufMu
&w,f? "eda&wpfjrLukd aMu;enf;enf;eJY aomufpm;Mu&w,f/ ukvm;jzLawG a&mufrS olwdkYoabFm
EdkifiHu ygvmwJY aot&uftrsKd;rsKd;udk okH;pGJMu&w,f/ jApfcg;ac:wJY aopmudkav abmfwpfusyf
om;udk wpfusnfavmufom&NyD; vlwpfa,muf aumif;aumif;rrl;bl;wJY/ ysm;&nfygwJYaouawmY
abmfaiG 4-5 usyfom;eJY vJ&w,f/ rif;w&m; wyifaTxD; ysufpD;wJYaorsKd;aygYuG,f/ tJovdk
t&ufrsKd;udk odk;aqmif;ukvm;jzL vl*kPfwefawGu xrif;yGJ{nfhcH&mrSm tokH;jyKawmY jrefrm
txufwef;pm;awGu onf[mudk *kPfdSw,f xifNyD; aomufMuw,f/ wpfpwpfp BuKdufESpfoufvm
MuNyD; ESpfESpfavmuftMumrSm aot&ufqdkif tBuD;tus,f zGifYvSpfa&mif;csapw,f/ NrKdUBuD;GmBuD;
awGrSmqdk&if onfqdkifrsKd;SdwmcsnfhyJ/ b@ma&;pm&if;rSm Munfh&if? wpfESpfrSm aotwGuf oabFm
Zarni 86
- 51 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
jynfu aiGydm ESpfaomif;zdk; okH;aomif;zdk; 0,f,lMuw,f/ tzdk;wefwJY aoudk raomufEdkifolrsm;

twGufvJ "eda&udk qdkifwnfcif; a&mif;cGifYjyKNyD; tJ'Dqdkifay:u tcGeftwkwf,lMuw,f/ jrefrm
wvdkif;tukef aS;uxuf aomufpm;olaygrsm;vdkY tcGeftwkwfqdkwmawG ydkNyD;&w,f/ wdkif;jynfawmY
vdrfrSK? cdk;rSKqdkwmawG wdk;wdkNyD;vmwmaygY/ 'DtaMumif;udk bbajymjywJYtcg? 'Dvdk pnf;urf;pepf
usus qdkifuem;eJY rzGifY&if wdwfwdwfykef; aomufpm;MurSmyJwJY? NyD;awmY tcGefawGuvJ enf;wm
r[kwfbl;? 'gawGydwf&if olwdkYtkyfcsKyfa&;udk xdcdkufrSmyJwJYuG,f/ 'Dxufqdk;wmu txuftnmu
wkwfawGudkvufoifYcHNyD; bdef;qdkifzGifYwJYtvkyfudk vkyfMuao;w,f/ oldkUtaMumif;jycsufuawmY
t&ufqdkifvdkygyJ bmrStaMumif;rxl;ygbl;/
'gawGudk vluav; pOf;pm;MunfhayawmY/ tu,f jrefrmbk&ifrif;jrwfuom pdk;ydkif&if
trsKd;wl jrefrmtcsif;csif;jzpfwmu wpfaMumif;? Ak'bmom jzpfwmu wpfaMumif;wdkYaMumifY? &if0,f
om;uJYodkY udk,fYjrefrmtrsKd;om; ysufpD;epfemzdkYudk jyK&ufygYrvm;/ &mZ0iftqufquf b,frif;
vufxufrS onfvdkjyKawmfrrlMubl;/ bbwdkY&JU aemifvmaemufom;awGvJ bbwdkY tck BuKH&
awGU&wJY b0qdk;eJY rBuKHMuygapeJY/ olwdkYvlrsKd;om; udk,fYpD;yGm; udk,fYtusKd;omMunfhNyD; trsKd;rwlwJY
wdkif;&if;om;awG acG;jzpfjzpf uRefjzpfjzpf olwdkYxif&m vkyfwwfMuavawmY? awG;rdwkdif; b,favmuf
atmYESvkH;emp&maumif;ovJ/ Ak'bmom w&m;awmftSdefudk cdkvSKHwJY jrefrmawG raomuf&ifNyD;wmyJ
qdkayrifY? tmPmSdolawGu raumif;wJYtrSKudk yaysmufatmif ESdyfuGyfapmifYaSmufEdkifrS jzpfwm
uvm;uGJU .../
ty
ou
rO
RI
SK
ckeifu aoeJYysufpD;ykHudk ajymcJYNyDaemf? NyD;awmY wpfzef avmif;upm;awGrSmvJ oldkU&JUOya'eJY

rupm;&bl; qdkNyD;? avmif;upm;EdkifwJY ud&d,mawGudk a&mif;cscGifYjyKw,f? bk&m;yGJ tBuD;tus,f
jzpfwJYtcg? wpfcgwpf&H tBuD;tus,fqdkNyD; avSyGJ? jrif;yGJ? EGm;NyKdifyGJawGtjyif? a<utHupm;yGJ
MuufwdkufyGJwdkYudk tBuD;tus,f avmif;upm;cGifYjyKcJYw,f/ wdkYvlrsKd;awG[m 'DbufrSmtmkHpl;pdkufNyD;
pD;yGm;a&;tvkyf bmwpfckrQ *krpdkufvdkMubl;/ NyD;awmY aiGaMu;ukefuswJY yvDdkufjcif;eJY? 'djyif bb
rac:wwfwJY upm;ckefyGJ trsKd;rsKd;awGudkvJ usef;rma&;bef;jyNyD; rsKd;apYcsMuw,f/ b,fvlrsKd;rqdk
topftqef;udk ESpfoufMuwJYtwkdif; vdkufemupm;MuawmY xdkud&d,mrsm;twGuf aiGaMu;
tqrwefukefusMu&w,f .../
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
vlrsKd;ysufpD;a&;udk bb ajymjyOD;r,f? olwdkYukvm;jzLu wefcdk;tmPmSif? bbwdkYu

aus;uRefjzpfaeawmY olwdkYvkyforQ MunfhSKae&wmyJuGJU/ [dk ukvm;rnf;wdkif;jynfu ukvm;rnf;
yoDawG trsm;BuD; oldkeJYygvmMuw,f/ aS;uwJu tcsKdUSdMuw,f/ jrefrmbk&ifawGvufxufu
armfvdkYawmif rMunfh&JwJY ukvm;rnf;awGu jrefrmr? wvdkif;r pwJY vkHrysKdawGudk oldkU ,liif
odrf;ydkuf r,m;jyKvdkY/ olwdkYu arG;wJY AEawG[m jrefrmr[kwfMuawmYbl;? bmomuGJukefMuNyDuGJU/
bbwdkYu wpfpkHwpf&majym? oldkUu wpfzufwpfvrf;jyKMuw,f/ onfvdk ukvm;rnf;awGu jrefrm
wvdkif;eJY tdrfaxmifjyKcsifatmif w&m;pD&ifwJYtcg bbwdkY jrefrmckHorwf aS;tpOftvm Ak'bmom
"rowfeJY r[kwfawmYbl;? oldkU A&if*sDbmomeJY pD&ifw,f/ ukvm;rnf;jzpf&if udk&efqdkwJY w&m;eJY
pD&ifw,f/ w&m;jzpf&if jrefrmuSKH;? ukvm;u tjrJEdkifaeawmY? ukvm;awGu jrefrmwvdkif;rawGudk
oldkUEdkifiHu r,m;BuD;rsm;eJY uGJuGmpOfrSm taysmf,lMuwm bbwdkY bmrSrwwfEdkifawmYbl;? vufydkuf
MunfhSKae&wmyJ/ ukvm;wpf0uf jrefrm wpf0ufjzpfMu&awmYr,f/
Zarni 86
- 52 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
pD;yGm;a&;bufuqdk&if ylwauom;awG[m vmbaMumifY bbwdkYudk vufeufESifY tcdkiftrm

pdk;aewmjzpfawmY tcktajctaerSm bbwdkY qefpyg;? yJ? ajymif;udk oabFmjynfESifY ukefcsif;zvS,f&if
oldkUBuKd;udkifaeMuw,f/ ukvm;awGqdkwmvJ jrefrmwvdkif;awGxuf 0D&d,aumif;wmu wpfrsKd;?
ukvm;jzLawGu omay;wmu wpfrsKd;aMumifY oldkUvJ aMu;&wwfawGjzpfukefMuygNyD/ aemuf ESpf 2030 Mum&ifjzifY jrefrmwdkYtdrf,m v,fawG ajrawG oldkUvufxJ a&mufrnfhta&;udk tptejrifMu&NyD/
ukvm;jzLawGuawmY bbwdkYjrefrmEdkifiHudk omvm,HZ&yfvkyfNyD; &uf&ufpufpufusifYBuHukefMuNyDuGJU/
bmomt,l0g'udk em;axmifOD;/ oldkU A&if*sDbmomudk vlBuD;awG a[mr&awmY uav;awG
a[mzdkY pDrHMuNyD/ pDrHykHu olwdkYu jrefrmwvdkif; pmoifausmif;awG tcrJYzGifY? aiGukefcHNyD;wnf? oldkU
bmomoifausmif;udk *kPfSdatmifvkyf? oldkUbmomwwfwJYoludk vcpm;tjzpfeJY *kPfxl;ay; pma&;
pmcsD jzpfapw,f/ oldkUbmom0ifvQif todtrSwfjyKMuw,f/ 'DawmY u&ifawG wvdkif;awG tajrmuf
tjrm; ykodrfe,frSm oldkUbmomudk 0ifMuw,f? tcGifYta&;udk ,lMuw,f? b,fYuavmuf epfemp&m
aumif;ovJ .../
tkyfcsKyfa&; ajymcGifYqdkcGifYudkvJ oldkYu wpfzufjzpfukefMuNyD? 4-5ESpf Mumao;w,f
b,fYuavmuf qdk;Gm;ukefMuNyDvJ? Mum&if A&if*sDbmom udk;uG,fwJY EdkifiHBuD;jzpfukefawmYr,f .../
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
RI
SK
tkyfcsKyfa&;udk ajym&OD;r,f .../ iZifumqdkwm olUuG,f&mrdkYom ajymwm? tm;vkH;yJ olYudk

ocifBuD;bk&m;vdkY ac:w,f? 'l;axmufSdcdk; tdktaojyK&w,f? olYudk oabFmjynf ylwaubk&if&JU
udk,fpm;cefYvdkufwJY bk&ifcHrif;BuD;wJY/ 'wfcsfvlrsKd;wpfa,muf ajymjycsuftwkdif;qdk&if ppfonf
vufeufudk ylwaubk&ifu axmufyHYNyD; jrefrmwpfEdkifiHvkH; odrf;zdkYwJY/ tcktwdkif;qdk&if jrefrm
EdkifiHudk oldkUrodrf;Edkifbl; qdkzdkY&m cJ,Of;aew,f/ tJonfawmY olYEdkifiHodrf;csif&if olYEdkifiH&if;om;
awGudk vSnfhjzm;&r,fqdkwJYtwdkif;? oldkUu Oya' pepfususeJY tkyfcsKyfw,f/ vufnKd;raumif;
vufnKd;yJ pD&ifw,f/ wdkif;&if;om; olwpfxl;t,l0g'udk raESmifY,Sufygbl;vdkY tqdkdSw,f?
'gayr,fYvnf; aiGaMu;? vmbfvmb tvkyf&mxl;eJY bb ckeu ajymovdk oldkUbmomudk
BuD;yGm;atmif vkyfw,f/ jrefrmbkef;awmfBuD;awG aS;uvdk wefcdk;rSdMuawmYbl;? bkef;BuD;awG
kH;a&muf&if oldkUOya'eJY pD&ifvdkufwmyJ/ rif;BuD;ae&m[m oldkU ydkifqdkifwkef;rdkY rsufESmjzL jzpfcsif
jzpfygapawmY? 'djyifae&mawGrSm jrefrmwvdkif;wdkYudk ,kH,kHMunfMunfxm;zdkY[m rxm;bl;? vcudkvJ
oldkUrsufESmjzL ylwauvlrsKd;qdk&if pmrwwfayr,fY vcBuD;BuD;ay;NyD; csD;jrifYw,f? oldkU tkyfcsKyfwm
raumif;bl;ajym&if tusKd;tjypf ajymcGifYrSdbl;? oldkUrkef;atmifvkyfw,fqdkNyD; Oya'eJY axmifwef;
csw,f? udkif; vluav;? jrefrmbk&ifydkif wpfEdkifiHudk oldkUwdkufodrf;wm rw&m;ygyJ? tJovdk
wdkufodrf;wm rw&m;bl;vdkYajym&if oldkUrkef;atmifvkyfwmqdkNyD; axmifwef;cs&r,fwJY? wcsKdU
pdwfrxdef;EdkifwJYvlawGu tJovdkajymMuvdkY axmifwef;uscJY&Smw,fuGJU ...
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
vluav;u i,fawmY bmrSrodcJY&ao;bl;/ wcsKdUjrefrmwvdkif;awGu ckxufxd vljzLawG

tkyfpdk;vdkY wdkif;jynfaumif;pm;w,fvdkY xifaeMuw,f/ wdkif;jynftajctaeu ckeajymovdk taysmf
tavmfrmawGaMumifY oabFmjynfudk abmfawG aTawG ay;Mu&vSNyD/ NyD;awmYum cgom? ouvyfpwJY
ukefawG? zvf rSef ykwD;pwJY ukefawGudk tqifYtwef;raG; okH;pGJMuvdkY ESpfwdkif; aiGawG ukefMu&NyD;
wdkif;jynfrSm wpfpwpfp xdcdkufvmNyD/ aS;u qefwpfwif; GufeDwpfusyfom ay;&w,f/ ck GufeD
Zarni 86
- 53 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
ESpfusyfjzpfw,f/ qefaps;aumif;vdkY v,fy,frsm;rsm; SdwJYolawG enf;enf;awmfMuayr,fY

qif;&Jom;awG rpm;EkdifawmYbl;/ tcGefuvJ [dku,l 'Du,leJY bbwdkY 'Dtwdkif;omMunfhae&if
EdkifiHvJqkH;? vlrsKd;vJ jyKef;awmYr,fuGJU ...}}
xdktcg armifbkef;jrifYonf av;eufpGm pOf;pm;em;axmifae&mrS wpfcsufrQ armfMunfhum ...
]]EdkY bb&,f? bbvJ todom;eJY? bb bmrSrBuHpnfbl;vm; ...}}
RI
SK
]]BuHpnfcJYvdkY bb 0ef&mxl;jyKwfoGm;wmaygYuG,f? 'DvdkuGJU ... bbu tkyfcsKyfa&;xJrSm

jrefrmbk&ifSdpOfuwnf;u trsKd;tdk; t&nftcsif;tvdkuf 0efjzpfcJYw,f/ 'DawmY ylwaurif; tkyfpdk;
ayr,fY olYudk wGJzufxm;oifYw,fqdkNyD; xm;Muwmudk;/ trSefuawmY bbudk bef;jyNyD; bbawmif
auseyfwm? bbvufxJ wmSnfpGmaecJYwJY qif;&Jom;awGvJ auseyfMuygvdkY bbudk,fwdkifuvJ
ajymapcsifw,f/ bbudk jrifNyD;awmY tm;usapcsifwJY qEyJ? olwdkY[m bbudk trsKd;rsKd;
aoG;aqmifw,f ... 'gayr,fY bbu rSefrSefyJ/ tkyfcsKyfa&; enf;vrf;rus&ifvnf; ckcHajymwmyJ/
'DawmY wpfaeYxufwpfaeY bbudk GHrkef;BuD; jzpfvmMu[ef wlyg&JU/ 'DtxJ bbae&mrsKd;vdkcsifwJY
[dk b,ausmfolqdkwJYtaumifu t&ifwkef;u bbwdkifyifwJYudpawGudk iZifum jyefajymjywm
udk;uGJU/ 'gawmif b,folb,f0gvdkY rajymjyrdayvdkYom ... oldkUvufatmufrSm bbudk ESpfNyD; bb
MoZmanmif;wJYvlawGudk rif;wdkY olYtrSKvJxrf;yg? udk,fYjrefrm tusKd;aqmifzdkYvnf; rarYygeJY?
wpfaeYaeYrSm igwdkYu tkyfcsKyfwJYae&m rsm;rsm;,lNyD; wpfvkH;wpfpnf;wnf; vkyfBuHMu&r,fvdkY pum;
oGif;xm;wmudk;/ 'gudk b,ausmfolu oHawmfOD;wifawmY twGif;ppfaq;Muw,f? oufaooum,
tcdkiftvkHr&ayr,fY iZifumu 0efrif;udk oltkyfcsKyfpOfrSm rSKwfrcs olaumif;jyKcJYaMumif;? odkY&mwGif
0efrif;onf pdwfwpfajzmifYwnf;oGm;ykH vuPmr& 0ef&mxl;rS jzKwfcsvdkufaMumif;? odkY jzKwfcs
aomfvnf; &dumawmfudkrl wpf0ufrQay;urf;rnfjzpfaMumif; ajymjyw,f/ 'if;wdkY&dum r,lbl;qdk&if
olykefeJYrjcm;jzpfrSmaMumifY bmrSrajymbJ bb jyefvmcJY&w,f/ 'g[m bbta&;eJY bbwdkY jrefrm
wvdkif;wdkY ta&;yJuGJU vluav;&JU ...}}
ou
rO
]]'gjzifY 'Dvl,kwfrmawG vufatmufuvGwfatmif b,fvdkvkyfrSmvJ bb&JU ...}}
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
]]tawmfawmY cufwmyJ? oldkUu tkyfcsKyfa&;rwwfMuvdkY vdrmatmif oGefoifay;r,fwJY?

4-5 ESpfeJY usKyfwdkY wwfygNyD? usKyfwdkYbmom tkyfcsKyfyg&apqdk&if olykefjzpfMuawmYr,f? trSefawmY
ukd,fYbk&ifeJY ukd,faevmwJYvlrsKd;? 'DarsmufvdktaumifawGu vufeufeJYzdNyD; rw&m;tkyfpdk;wmudk
rcsdrqefY cHae&mwmuGJU/ oefvsif '*kH ykodrf ajrmif;jrrSmSdwJY jrefrmwvdkif;awGuvnf; ppfbufudk
em;rvnf? ppfa&;ppf&mrod? usef;rma&;qkwf,kwf? pD;yGm;a&;ysufjym;? trsKd;ysuf? 'Dvdkjzpfaewmudk
tvsiftjref jyKjyifNyD;rS vkyf&vdrfYr,f/ bmrqdk vlBuD;awGqDu tBuHPf,lNyD; wdkifwkdifyifyif
vkyfzdkYyJ/ bbrSmvJ pdwfwludk,fwl rdwfaqGawGSdawmY aS;rDaemufrD orm"dSdwJY vlBuD;awGeJY tBuH
Pf,lvkyf&atmif pOf;pm;MuwmaygYuG,f/ vluav;ZmwmudkvJ bbu ppfaq;NyD;rdkY vluav;rSm
aemufvdkufi,fom;trsm; BuHtm;pnftm;Sd&r,fY ZmwmSifbJ? NyD;awmY ajrmufbufwpfvTm;u jrefrm
bk&if wefcdk;BuD;ayr,Yf ukvm;udk EdkifcsifrSEdkifrSm? oldkUudk tm;udk;vdkY rjzpfbl;uGJU? udk,fwdkYuvnf;
Zarni 86
- 54 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
BuKd;pm;ESifYMurSaygY? udkif;udkif; rif;vJ anmif;a&mYr,f? pOf;pOf;pm;pm;eJY tdyfayawmYuG,f ...}}[k

vlcsif;cGJvdkufMuav\/
armifbkef;jrifYum; rdrdtdyfcef;odkYa&mufvQif? anmifapmif;ay:wGif rdrday:vmEdk; ay:vmEdk;ESifY
arQmfudk;&if; tdyfaysmfae[efwlaom Sifeef;EG,fuav; ab;u tom,SOfvsuf ypfvSJcsNyD;vQif
qufvufpOf;pm;umaeav\/
xdktcg ukvm;iZifumonf Ak'bmombk&m;rsm;udk wdwfwdwfcdk; |myemazmufvsuf
aTqif;wk aiGqif;wkrsm;udk t&nfusKdum? aTjym;aiGjym;vkyfNyD; oabFmjynfydkYaMumif;? rdpm'd|d
jzpfaMumif; q&mawmf ajymjyzl;onfudkvnf;aumif;? eifwdkYa,musfm;vlG,frSefu "m;odkif;? vSHodkif;?
aoewfypf? jrif;pD; ponfwdkYudkwwf&rnf[k 15-ESpftG,fu ,aeYwdkif avYusifYoifMum;ay;ykH?
ppfrSKxrf;a[mif;wdkYtm;ac: ppfwdkufcdkufykHwdkYudk wdwfwdwfykef; oifMum;apjcif;wdkYudk ay:aygufvmcJY
av\/ wpfcgwpf&H ppfom;a[mif;wpfa,mufESifY awmypfoGm;&ef taMumif;jyvsuf awmxJodkY
a&mufvQif opfyifwpfyifudk "m;xpfvsuf rSefatmif vufwnfhprf;&ykHwdkYudkyg awG;rdaomtcg
rdrdESifYwuG vlG,fwdkYwm0ef rnfodkYSdonfudk &dyfrdpjyKvmav\/ a,murjzpfaom oefvsif0efrif;
ajymjycsufudk pOf;pm;rdaomcg ylwauvlrsKd;rSeforQwdkYtm; tpdrf;vdkuf 0g;pm;csifpdwfrsm;yif
ay:aygufvmojzifY awmfawmfESifY tdyfraysmfEdkifSmbJ? MuufOD;wGefavmufusrS ZeD;onftm; urvm
apmifavsmusaeonfudk jyifqifum NcKHay;&if; cyfauG;auG;uav; tdyfarmusoGm;av\/
aemufwpfaeYeHeuf tdyf&mrS Edk;avvQif armifbkef;jrifYonf t&if;ESD;qkH;oli,fcsif; jrpHESifY
&JabmfwdkYtm; 4if;\aetdrfodkYac:vsuf tusKd;taMumif;udk wdkifyifaeMuav\/ armifbkef;jrifYonf
oefvsif0efrif;ajymjyaom wdkif;jynf\tjzpftysufudk jyefMum;NyD;vQif ...
ou
rO
RI
SK
]],ck igwdkYvkyf&r,fY wm0efu rao;bl;? wkdif;jynfrSmSdwJYvlwdkif; ylwautkyfpdk;jcif;

raumif;ykH? wpfpwpfpeJY wdkif;jynfESifY vlrsKd;bmom omoem yaysmuf&r,fYta&;udk em;vnfatmif
ajymjyzdkYvdkvdrfYr,f/ 'DvdkajymjyzdkY[mvJ vlpkvla0;ESifY y&dowftv,frSmajym&if 'kujzpfMur,f/
'DawmY eD;&meD;&m vufukyfNyD; ajymxm;MuzdkY pDrH&vdrfYr,f/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
tif; 'dkYvJ 'Dvdkoabm&wmyJ oli,fcsif;&JU/ tvGefta&;BuD;wJY udpu

jzifY 'dkYvli,fawG&JU
tay:rSm wm0efa&mufcJYNyD/ 'dkYwawG toufpGefY raqmifGuf&if tESpf 40-50 twGif; uRefpm&if;u
rwufEdkifbJ tcufBuD; cufMuawmYr,f/ 'dkYjrefrmvlrsKd;aw GMunfhOD;uGJU? 912-ckESpfrSm Srf;odk[efbGm;
rw&m;tkyfcsKyfpdk;rdk;awmY rif;BuD;&efaemifpwJY vli,fawG ykefuefNyD; atmifjrifcJYMuw,f/ 'dkYvlrsKd;[m
b,fvlrsKd;jcm;vufatmufrSm wmSnfpGmacgif;ikHYNyD; uRJawG EGm;awGvdk cHcJYr,fqdk&if aemifvm
aemufom;awG uJY&JUp&mjzpfawmYr,f/ wu,fvdkY 'dkYtckvdk BuHpnfvdkYratmifjrifbl;xm;? 'dkYvlrsKd;[m
atmifwmratmifwm *krpdkufbl;? vlrsKd;jcm;vufatmufrSm b,fawmYrS acgif;ikHcHaer,fYvlrsKd;
r[kwfbl;vdkY 'dkY&mZ0ifrSm aemifxifay:NyD;? aemifvmaemufom;rsm; MunfhSKtwkcdk;MuvdrfYr,f/
taMumif;rSmvJ vlrsKd;wpfrsKd;udk tjcm;wpfrsKd;u tkyfpdk;Edkifw,fqdkwm tkyfpdk;cH&wJYvlrsKd;awG nHhzsif;vdkY
qdk&r,f/ 'dkYu vlawG trsm;BuD;? vlwdkif;pdwfrSm rif;wdkYtkyfpdk;wm rcHvdkbl;? owfcsif owfypfvdkuf?
tukefao&if at;wmyJvdkY rsufESmxm;wif;wif;ESifY aqmifGufMuvQif oldkUwmSnfrtkyfcsKyfEdkifygbl;/
Zarni 86
- 55 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
ckawmY olwdkY&JU &mxl;*kPfxl; vmbfvmbawG arQmfudk;NyD; udk,fusKd;SmwJY ArmawGaMumifY oldkUu

tkyfcsKyfaeEdkifwm/ 'DawmYum aS;OD;pGm udk,fusKd;Smorm;awGudk yaysmufatmif vkyf&r,f ...}}
]]rif;ajymovdkqdk&if 'dkY[m tpkeJYvkyfvdkYr&bl;? 'dkYbmomw&m;uvJ tawmfcufwmyJuGm ...
odyfcufwmyJ}}
]]a[Y pOf;pm;raeeJY? q&mawmfudk oGm;NyD; avQmufxm;wdkifyifMupdkY ...}}[k okH;a,mufom;
csdef;csufum wpfuGJpD trSwfwrJY oefvsifq&mawmfxHodkY oGm;Muav\/ oefvsifq&mawmfum; rif;
3-quf rDaom yk*KdvfjzpfojzifY? wdkif;jynf\ tajctaeudk aumif;pGmodSdawmfrlcJYav\/ jrefrm
vlrsKd;ESifY bmom omoemtajctae wpfaeYwpfjcm; qkd;Gm;cJYykHudkjrifav? wynfhwyef;ESifY ,kHMunf
pdwfcs&aom jrefrmwvdkif;rSeforQ owdw&m;&&ef wdwfwdwfykef; a[mjyavYSdojzifY? ylwau
bk&ifcHrif;BuD;yif txl;*kpdkufjcif;udk cHcJY&av\/ wpfOD;pD trSwfwrJY qdkufa&mufvmaom wynhf
a[mif;rsm;udk bk&m;ausmif;twGif;odkY ac:aqmifoGm;NyD;vQif tusKd;taMumif; aqG;aEG;vsuf SdMu
av\/
]]tdrf; ... rif;dkUudk igoifMum;jyocJYwmawG pOf;pm;rd&if? rif;wdkY bmudk aqmifGufMu&r,f
qdkwm pOf;pm;MuzdkYyJ/ aqmifGuf&mrSmvJ owdSdol? ESKwfvkHol? toufpGefY0HYolawGudk vl&if;tjzpfeJY
tokH;csMu&r,f ...}}
RI
SK
]]rSefvSyg ... wynfhawmfwdkYoabm rSif;wmuav; avQmufxm;csifygonf bk&m;/

wynfhawmfwdkY[m tEkeJYr& odMuygNyD/ tMurf;udkifNyD; ckwfvm;jzwfvm; vkyfzdkYuvJ wdkif;jynfEdkifiH
twGuf i&Judkus&if wynhfawmfwdkY &ifpnf;NyD;cHr,fbk&m;/ 'gayr,fY vlBuD;tcsKdU tpGJoefawGu i&J
aMumufNyD; aemufwGefYae&if tultnD &wefoavmuf r&rSmpdk;vdkY ...}}
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
]]rdkufygbd wynfh&,f ... oD[dkVfrSm 'k|*grPdrif;taMumif; zwfzl;Muw,f r[kwfvm;/ igu

tJ'D0wKudk zwfcdkif;wm r[kwfbl;/ 'D 'k|*grPdrif;BuD;[m vlawG ra&rwGufEdkifatmif owfjzwf
cJYw,f r[kwfvm;/ tJ'Dvdk owfwmawG[m olYrSm i&JrBuD;bl;? rBuD;wmawGudk q&m Sif;jyr,f ...
aus;ukvm;awG[m Ak'bmomudk zsufqD;aew,f r[kwfvm;/ tJ'D Ak'bmomudk jyefvnf
xGef;um;atmifvkyfzdkYuvJ aus;ukvm;awGowfNyD;rS txajrmufr,fqdkawmY aus;ukvm;EdkifiHawGudk
yxr wdkufodrf;? aemuf omoemjyK&Smwmudk;/ rif;BuD;[m aus;ukvm;aowmxuf Ak'bmom
xGef;um;a&;udk pOf;pm;wmudk;/ Oyrm jcykH;ykGufwufvdkY bk&m;apwDysufrSmpdk;awmY jcykH;ykGuf aowm
raowm ta&;rxm; rpOf;pm;bJ? bk&m;MunfnKdpdwfESifY wHjrufvSJ&if ukodkvf&ovdkaygY/ 'DawmY
rif;wkYdwdkif;jynfrSm rif;wdkYvlrsKd; BuD;yGm;csrf;omrS rif;wdkYudk;uG,fwJY omoemBuD;yGm;r,f? rif;wdkY Ak'
bmom BuD;yGm;vdkwJYpdwfudk aESmifY,SuforQ udk,fYbmom BuD;yGm;csifwJYpdwfeJY owfjzwfwm i&J
rBuD;bl;? ukodkvf&r[JY ...}}
Co
mm
erc
i
]]wynfhawmfwdkY twdtvif; avQmufxm;&&if? tjzLtrnf;raG; owfrS wynfhawmfwdkY

omoemBuD;yGm;rSmrdkY tJ'gudk ar;aewmbk&m; ...}}
Zarni 86
- 56 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
]]aS;u 'k|*grPdrif;BuD; aus;ukvm;awG ppfwdkufwkef;u? &[EmtSifjrwfawGawmif Ak'

omoem BuD;yGm;a&;qdkNyD; ppfwyfaSUu vdkufygawmfrlMuw,f? &[Emrsm;yif vdkufygavao;awmY
ykxkZOfvlom;awGu bmudk*kpdkufawmYrvJ ... Edkifatmifom wdkufMuwmaygY/ ,ck igvJ igwdkY
bmom omoemab;&efaMumifY igwwfEdkifoavmuf vkH;yef;ae&wm igYwynfhwdkY pOf;pm;zdkYbJ? eifwdkY
ysufpD;&if igwdkYqGrf;iwfzdkY[m vufiif;'kuyJ}}
wynfhcspfokH;OD;um; q&mawmf wdkufdkufrdefYawmfrrlaomfvnf;? wdkif;jynfEdkifiH trsKd;bmom
omoem aumif;pm;atmif aqmifGuf&m vludkowfaomfvnf; i&JrBuD;? ukodkvf&onf[laom
t"dyg,frsm; ay:ayguf&m rsm;pGmtm;wufaeykH&av\/ armifbkef;jrifYum; rdrd pdwful; BuHpnf&
orQudk q&mawmftm; qufvuf avQmufxm;jyefav\/
]]wynfhawmf onfvdkpdwful;&w,fbk&m;? vli,fawG aot&ufraomuf aSmifMuOfwJY
0wftoif;wpfoif; zGJUr,fbk&m;? tJ'D 0wftoif;zGifYvdkuf&if taomuftpm; taysmftyg; enf;yg;zdkY
r[kwfvm; bk&m;? 'djyiftcsufu avSNyKdifyGJawG usif;yzdkY pdwful;xm;ygw,f? ukef;bufuvJ jrif;cif;
twwf? odkif;twwf? vufa0SY? jrm;ypftwwf? vlajy;yGJawG usif;y? tavmif;tpm;rSdwJY aTaiG
yef;xdrfausmfrsm;tm; xkvkyfapNyD; qkawGay;? tJ'Dvdk vltrsm; vSKyfvSKyfGGjzpfcdkufrSm? wdkif;jynf&JU
tjzpf wynfhawmfwdkYvkyfief;udk vufukyfNyD; ajymjyr,fbk&m; ...}}
]]tdrf; tckjzifY 'Denf;yJSdwmyJ? 'djyifenf;eJY ylwauvlrsKd; tkyfpdk;wm b,fvdk? 'dkYtkyfcsKyf
csifw,f? tkyfcsKyfolxJ 'dkYygr,fqdkwmawG ql&if rif;wdkYBuHorQ ysufpD;ukefrSmbJ? 'Dvdk ajymcGifYqdkcGifY
udkvJ oldkUjyKMur,f rxifbl; ...}}
RI
SK
]]wynfhawmf avQmufxm;ovdk vlawG pdwf0ifpm;atmif vkyfNyD;awmYrS? wynfhawmfwdkY

vdkwmawG&atmif BuKd;pm;r,f bk&mY ...}}
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
]]tdrf; ... tajymvG,foavmuf tvkyfrvG,fbl;uGJUaemf? MuyfMuyfowdjyK? ukvm;jzLawGu

odyfNyD;yg;w,f/ NrKdUBuD;GmBuD;wdkif;rSm olwdkYvlrsKd; tBuD;tuJeJY jrefrmvli,f rif;vkvifuav;awG
xm;w,f? NyD;awmY olwdkYtvdkvdkufr,fY vli,fuav;awGaG;NyD; olvQKdvTwfxm;wmawGvJ tajrmuf
tjrm;? onfawmYum wynfhwdkYrSm vl,kHowfao& qdkovdk rjzpfapeJY? t&mcyfodrf; vlBuD;rsm;eJY
wdkifyifvkyfMuOD;? udkif; udkif; oGm;Mu? Mum&if ausmif;om;i,fawG pum;ysHUoGm;r,f}}[k qdkojziYf
okH;OD;om; xGufvmMuav\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
Zarni 86
- 57 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
tcef; ( 6 )
3-vavmufMumaomtcg oefvsife,fESifYwuG ykodrf? ajrmif;jr? '*kef? 'vpaom t&yf

a'orsm;wGif dk[D;oH wnHnHESifY avmif;avS avSmfcwfjcif;rsm;udk avYusifYaeMuav\/
armifbkef;jrifYum; ajyma&;qdkp vdrma&;jcm; vlBuD;udk vlBuD;tvdkuf? vli,fudk vli,ftvdkuf
awmif;yefwdk;vQKd;ajymqdkaomaMumifY? 4if;tm; MunfnKdcspfcifav;pm;ol wpfaeYwpfjcm; wdk;wuf
vmav\/ 4if;udk,fwdkifrlum; rnfonfhae&mwGifrQ acgif;aqmiftrnfrcHbJ? ,kHMunfpdwfcs&aom
oli,fcsif;rsm;udkom tBuHPfay;um twGif;a&;wdkYudk wdkifyifvkyfudkifavYSdcJY\/
ao&nfao&uf aSmifMuOfaom 0wftoif;rsm;udkrl vlBuD;rsm;udk,fwdkif ESpfNcKdufoabmusvS
ojzifY? rdrdwdkYom;rsm;udk xdktoif;wGifyg0if&ef wdkufwGef;vsufSdMu\/
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
RI
SK
jrpHESifY &Jabmfum; armifbkef;jrifY\ vl,kHowdcJESpfOD;jzpfMuav\/ aiGaMu;udkvnf;

armifbkef;jrifYydkifaiGrsm;tjyif oefvsif0efrif; udk,fwdkifuvnf; ay;urf;axmufyHYaomaMumifY
avS0,f&ef? jrif;0,f&ef udprsm;wGif vG,fvifYwul jynfhpkHvsufSdav\/ ajcmufvtwGif; 4if;wdkY\
vkyfief;rSm ododomomBuD; wdk;wufvsufSdav&m? oefvsifbk&ifcHrSm vli,frsm; rnfodkYBuHpnf
vkyfudkifvsufSdonfudk txl;olvQKdrsm;jzifY tjrJapvTwfpkHprf;av\/ olvQKdwdkYrSmvnf; avSyGJ? jrif;yGJ?
vlajy;yGJrsm;wGif toif;om;tjzpfjzifY 4if;wdkYudk,fwdkif yg0ifvsuf pkHprf;Muav\/ odkY&mwGif
wpfpGef;wpfp xGufay:jcif;rSd? 4if;wdkY0goemtavsmufom aysmfTifMuonf[k tuJcwf&Muav&m
bk&ifcHqDodkYvnf; xdktwdkif; tpD&ifcHMuav\/ aS;tcgu wpfNrKdUESifYwpfNrKdU wpfGmESifYwpfGm
rodzl; rjrifzl;aomolrsm;vnf; vludk,fwdkifjzpfap? ayzl;vTmESifYjzpfap apvTwf&if;ESD;Mu&um;? wpfOD;
taMumif; wpfOD; aumif;pGmtuJcwfEdkifMuav\/ armifbkef;jrifYonf ESKwftvGefvkH owdSdaom
vli,frsm;udk tusKd;taMumif;vTJtyfxm;av&m? xdkvli,frsm;uvnf; tjcm;NrKdUGmrsm;Sd owdcJvl,kH
rsm;udk rdrdwdkYwdkif;jynf\tjzpftysuf? ylwauvlrsKd;rsm; wkdif;jynfudk rw&m;wdkufodrf;ykH? tcGefudk
tqrwefaumufcHykH? 4if;wdkYvlrsKd;rsm; vuf0g;BuD;tkyfykH? vlrsKd;jcm;rSeforQ jrefrmEdkifiHudk wHcg;rSd
"m;rSd 0ifapvsuf? omvm,HZ&yfuJYodkY jyKvkyfxm;ykHwdkYudk pdwfemavmufatmif ajymqdkxm;Mu
av\/
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
e,ftoD;oD;rS avSoif;acgif;aqmifwdkYvnf; 4if;wkdY&if;ESD;&m vl,kHrsm;tm; wpfpdwf

wpf0rf;wnf; jzpfap&ef aoG;ndxm;Muav\/ xdkajcmufvtwGif;yif xufoefvSaom jrefrm
wvdkif;wdkY\ pdwfonf aygufuGJvdkaomqESdMu&m? armifbkef;jrifYonf tcsdefra&mufcif rsKdodyfEdkif
oavmuf rsKdodyfonf;cHMu&ef wdkufwGef;awmif;yefxm;&av\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
ylwaubk&ifcHum; tajrmftjrifBuD;oljzpfonfhtwdkif; ajrmufbufwpfvTm;u r[m"r&mZm

rif;onf ppfruf vufeuftiftm;aumif;aumif;ESifY wdkif;jynfEdkifiHcsJUxGif odrf;ydkufaeonfhowif;udk
Mum;odNyD;jzpf&um;? tqdkyg usef;rma&;Aef;jyaom toif;rsm;onf rdrd\ppfom;rsm; jzpf&rnf[k
&nfrSef;xm;aomaMumifY? avSyGJ jrif;yGJrsm;udk 4if;\tpdk;&tzGJUuyg ulnDtm;ay;vsufSdav\/
Zarni 86
- 58 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
tcgvnfrQMumaomtcg oefvsifNrKdUwGif tNrKdUNrKdUte,fe,frS avSavmif;NyKdifyGJ? jrif;yGJ? vlajy;yGJrsm;udk

tBuD;tus,f cif;usif;&ef pDrHav\/
armifbkef;jrifY\ vli,frsm;tzGJUonfvnf; ylwaubk&ifcH\ pDrHcsuftwdkif; vdkufemMu&ef
oabmwlMuav\/ tajrmftjrifBuD;rm;aom vlBuD;tcsKdUurl jrefrmbk&ifudk vdkvm;onfhtwdkif;?
tu,f vli,frsm;udk ylwaubk&if\ ppfrSKxrf;rsm;jzpfu olYudktm;jznfhouJYodkY jzpfrnf
pdk;aomaMumifY oabmrwlbJaeMuav&m? armifbkef;jrifYu rdrdwdkYvli,frsm;onf ylwautpdk;&
qGJwdkif;rygaMumif;? taMumif;ukefodvdkvQif apmifYMunfhzdkY vdkaMumif;rsm;udk auseyfatmif Sif;vif;
&jcif;ESifY ywfouf tcsdeftawmfukefcJYav\/
RI
SK
BuD;us,faom avSNyKdifyGJ? jrif;yGJponfwdkYwGif vli,fESpfaomif;cefYSdonfudk ylwaubk&if

Mum;od&aomtcg rsm;pGm0rf;ajrmufvsuf xdkvli,frsm;\ avSyGJ aemufqkH;qkay;aomaeYwGif? rdrd
wdkYonf EdkifiHudk tjrJodrf;ydkuf&ef pdwfrul;aMumif;? jrefrmbk&ifwdkY\ tkyfpdk;rSKonf rsm;pGm
cRwf,Gif;cJYaMumif;? wefcdk;BuD;aom bk&ifwpfyg;atmufomvQif wpfpnf;wpfvkH;wnf;jzpfNyD;? wefcdk;
i,faom bk&ifrsm;vufxufwGif wdkif;jynf tpdwfpdwftrTmrTmuGJ tcsif;csif; wdkufcdkufaoaMu
MuaMumif;? aumif;pm;vQif bk&ifvkyfolrsm;omjzpf? aop&mSdvQif qif;&Jom;rsm;om aoMu
&aMumif;? rdrdwdkYonf qifjzLSifrif;w&m;BuD; vufxufu usKd;EGHpGm opmcHcJYMuaMumif;? aemuf
bk&ifrsm;vufxufwGif rnDrnGwfjzpf rdrdwdkYuvnf; tdk;tdrfpnf;pdrftwGuf e,fy,frsm;udk
odrf;&aMumif;? rdrdwdkY&nfG,fcsuftwkdif;qkdvQif jrefrmwpfEdkifiHvkH;udk odrf;NyD;vQif? jrefrmvlrsKd;rsm;
pdwfoabmxm;ajymif;vGJ tmPmSdolwpfOD;wnf;vufatmufwGif aevdkMuaomtcg jyef ay;tyf
cJYrnfjzpfaMumif;? xdkYaMumifY ,ck rdrdvufatmufcH vli,frsm;rSm rdrdwdkYtBuHtpnfudk ulnDvdrfYrnf[k
arQmfvifYaMumif;ajymqdk&m? tcsKdUvlBuD;ESifY vli,frsm;rSm [kwfEdk;Edk;ESifY em;a,mifMuav\/ odkY&mwGif
armifbkef;jrifY rsKd;cspfpdwf"mwfoGif;ay;xm;aom vli,frsm;rSm wdwfwdwfykef;&,farmvsuf ]]'Dvdk
rqDrqdkif vlrsKd;jcm;awGu 'dkYudk oem;w,fqdkwm ,kH&rSmvm;}}[k ajymqdkvsufSdMuav\/
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
xdkpOftcg cgom? ouvyf? zef? rSef? ykwD;ponfwdkYudk ylwauvlrsKd;rsm;ESifY ukvm;rnf;rsm;

OD;pD;a&mif;csvsufSd&m? t&ufaSmifMuOfa&;rSm bmomESifYywfouf vpfvsLSKMuaomfvnf;?
EdkifiHjcm;ukef oydwfarSmufa&;rSm cGiYfjyKrnfr[kwf&um;? armifbkef;jrifYrSm tusyftwnf;ESifY awGUBuKH&
av\/ odkY&mwGif 4if;udk,fwdkifESifY oli,fcsif;rsm;tm; rdrdwdkYtdk;tdrfwGif &ufvkyfaom txnf
tvdyfrsm;udk okH;pGJ&ef wdwfwdwfykef; wdkufwGef;vsuf? tqifYtwef;jrifYaom trsKd;orD;rsm;yif udk,fpD
udk,fiS &ufvkyfMu&ef aoG;aqmifaeMu&av\/ EdkifiHa&;vkyfief;udkum; tpterQ razmfjy0HYao;acs/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
tu,f rdrdwkdY wvdkif;jrefrm[lorQ ylwau vlrsKd;jcm; ttkyftpdk;rcHvdk[k ajymqdku?

ajymqkdolwdkif; olykefjzpfMu&ayawmYrnf/ odkYrajymbJ vdkufavsmpGmaeyguvnf; 4if;wdkYtkyfpdk;
onfudk auseyfonf[k xifayvdrfYrnf/ enf;vrf;ESpfcktjcm;rS rnfuJYodkYoGm;&rnfudk acgif;aqmif
oli,fcsif;rsm;ESifY tBudrfBudrf pOf;pm;Mu&jyefav\/ a,mur oefvsif0efrif;ESifYwuG aS;rDaemufrD
vlBuD;rsm;ESifYvnf; txyfxyf ar;jref;aqG;aEG;Munfhav\/ vlBuD;rsm;vnf; tBuHray;wwf? ylwau
vlrsKd;wdkYtm; ajymifajymifckcHwdkufcdkuf&efvnf; tiftm;rSd? ylwauvlrsKd;rsm; ,kHrSwfaomolrsm;
tdrfrSty tjcm;tdrfrsm;wGif &mZ0wfrSKusL;vGefonfudk taMumif;jyum? aoewfudk rqdkxm;bd?
Zarni 86
- 59 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
"m;Snfrsm; vSHrsm;udkyif xm;cGifYrjyKacs/ tu,f tdrfwpftdrf vSHawGUtHY? xdktdrfSiftm; axmif

3-vtxd csxm;avYSdcJYav\/ taetxdkiftm;jzifY vGwfvyfacsmifcsdonf[k qdk&apumrl? vufeuf
wpfpkHwpf&m rSdaom vlrsKd;rsm;onf rnfodkY ykefuefEdkifygtHYenf;/ ajrmufbuf jrefrmbk&ifrsm;
tkyfpdk;&mESifY qufqHzdkY&muvnf; jrefrmbk&ifrsm;e,fESifY xGufayguf0ifayguf ajc&mpyf ppfwyf
tcsKdUESifY ydwfqdkYxm;vsufSdav\/
armifbkef;jrifYum; rdrdtBuHtwdkif; txajrmuf&ef vlwdkY\pdwfudk ESKd;qGNyD;jzpfav&m?
aemufwpfESpfcefY tMumwGif xdkYxufydkrdkEdk;Mum;olrsm; jynfhESufrnfudk arQmfjrifrdaomaMumifY? wpfqifY
wuf vkyfief;udkawG;av tcufawGUavjzpfaeSmav\/
wpfcgwpf&H wdkif;jynf\vGwfvyfcGifYudk pdwf0ifpm;vGef;tm;BuD;vGef;ojzifY Sifeef;EG,fuav;
udkyif aS;uuJYodkY r,k,Edkifjzpfav&m? zcif\pum;? cifyGef;onf\ pum;rsm;udk rjywfMum;od&aom
Sifeef;EG,frSm taxGtxl;rSd? 4if;udk,fwdkifyif eD;pyf&m trsKd;orD;rsm;ESifYtwl Adkif;iifjcif;? csnfcsjcif;
wdkYudk pdwfygvufygjyKvkyfaeSmav\/
armifbkef;jrifYum; rdrdvkyfudkif&mwGif aS;OD;pGm taESmifYt,Sufjzpfrnfht&mrsm;udk awG;awm
Munfhjyefav\/ xdktcg rif;vkvifrsm;? olvQKdrsm;onfvnf;aumif;? t&mSdBuD;i,fwdkYonf
vnf;aumif; &efoljzpf&rnfudk jrifrdav\/
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
RI
SK
ylwumbk&ifcHum; tajrmftjrifBuD;oljzpfonfhtwdkif;? rif;vkvifrsm;wGif ynmwwfonf

rwwfonfudk y"merxm;? rdrdwdkY wvdkif;jrefrmtcsif;csif;udk rdkufl;&Jvkyf0HYaom wvdkif;jrefrmvli,f
tcsKdUudk cefYxm;jcif;jzpf&m? aoewf "m;vSH udkifwG,f& aoG;<uvsufSdaom tqdkyg rif;vkvif
wdkYonf wvdkif;jrefrm tcsif;csif;tay: ESdyfpufuvljyKvsuf tEdkifusifYavYSdMuav\/ olvQKdrsm;
uvnf; vlwpfOD;wpfa,muf jyKrlonfrSm wdkif;jynfEdkifiH aumif;pm;rSKjzpfonf[k oabmrxm;?
zcifBuD;rsm;xH rsufESm&atmif Mum;odorQ oHawmfOD;wifavYSdMuav\/ wvdkif;jrefrm t&mSdtcsKdU
rSmvnf; w&m;onf rSefonfrSm;onfudk *krpdkuf? rsufESmjzL ylwautpdk;&tBuKdufudkom pD&ifavY
SdMuav\/ xdkudprsm;udk rnfuJYodkY yaysmufatmifvkyf&rnfenf;[k pOf;pm;&m? xdkvlrsm;ESifY
&if;ESD;atmifaygif; rsKd;cspfpdwf"mwfSd&ef a[majymjcif;wpfckom t"duawGU&ojzifY vli,frsm;tm;
tuRrf;0if&mwdkYESifY qufqHapav\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
ylwaubk&ifcHum; aSUvmbfudkjrifwwfol jzpfonfhtwdkif;? rif;vkvifrsm; 4if;wdkYtcsif;csif;

nOf;qJMuonfudk vpfvQLSKcJYav\/ t&mSdydkif;rSvnf; 4if;wdkYrsufESmjzLrsm;rSm vc&dum rsm;rsm;
,lvsuf wnfMunfpGm w&m;pD&ifMu\/ wvdkif;jrefrm t&mSdi,fwdkYtm; vc&dum ravmufri
ay;ojzifY wHpdk;vufaqmif,ljcif;udk rodrom cGifYjyKxm;av\/ OD;wpf&m,lrS 4if;wdkYtm;
MunfnKdatmif wpfOD;wpfavukd tjypfay;avYSd\/ wdkif;oljynfom;wdkYrSm jrefrmwvdkif;wdkY
wHpdk;vufaqmif ,lwwfykH? tu,f 4if;wdkYtm; &mxl;BuD;ay;u xdkxufqdk;Gm;acsrnf/ ylwau
vlrsKd;rsm; orm"dSdMuygayonf[k xifrSwfMuav\/ xdkodkYxifrSwfapjcif;yif ylwauvlrsKd;wdkY\
&nfG,fcsufyifjzpfavonf/ armifbkef;jrifYonf xdktpGJtvrf;rsm; yaysmufatmif ajymifajymif
ra[mEdkif&um;? &if;ESD;olwdkYtm; vufukyfum tusKd;taMumif;udk Sif;jy&Smav\/ wdkif;jynfwpfck
Zarni 86
- 60 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
vkH;udk ajAmifvdrf wdkufodrf;olrsm;onf xdkxuf ao;i,faomraumif;rSKudk tb,frSmvQif rjyKbJ

aeawmYtHYenf;[k vlrsKd;jcm;rSeforQ tkyfpdk;jcif;cH&aom rnfonfhEdkifiHrqdk uHqdk;rdk;arSmifusonfESifY
wlaMumif;yg raerem;ajymae&av\/ wvdkif;jrefrmwdkY\ qlyGufaeaom aoG;wdkYonf aygufuGJ
awmYrnfuJYodkY wuJuJ jzpfysufaeav&m? armifbkef;jrifYrSm acgif;aqmiftrnfrcHbJ tvGef
BuD;av;aom wm0efBuD;udk xrf;ydk; ae&Smav\/
oefvsifNrKdUv,f cyfususwGif BuD;us,fcrf;em;aom tkwfwdkufBuD;wpfckSdav\/ xdktkwf
wdkufBuD;\ab;ywfvnfwGifum; aoewfudkifrsufESmjzLppfom;rsm; tajrmufvSnf;rsm;jzifY 0dkif;&Hvsuf
Sdav\/ xdktaqmuftODum; ylwaubk&ifcHrif;BuD;\ taqmuftODBuD; jzpfavonf/ xdkaeY
aeydkif;wGif bk&ifcHrif;BuD;onf ylwauvlrsKd; ukefonfBuD;rsm;? wvdkif;jrefrm vlBuD;vlaumif;rsm;?
ukvm;rnf;vlBuD;rsm;? t&mSdrsm;ponfwdkYudk BuD;us,fcrf;em;pGm npmauR;arG;aom aeYxl;aeYjrwf?
wvdkif;jrefrmvlBuD;vlaumif;ESifY t&mSdwdkYrSm ylwau bk&ifcHrif;udk,fwdkif vufqGJESKwfqufum
azmfazmfaGaGjyKrlonfudk rsm;pGmauseyf aoG;<uvsuf? ESvkH;om;rsm; zdef;Sdef;ylxl oGm;Muav\/
tqdkyg xrif;pm;yGJ ylwauEdkifiHBuD;\ BuD;us,fpnfum;ykH? ylwauvlrsKd;wdkY\ ynm
PfESifY wefcdk;BuD;ykH? wvdkif;jrefrmpaom vlrsKd;rsm;udk wpfvkH;wpfpnf;wnf;jzpfatmif r[m
ukPmESifY tkyfcsKyfykHwdkYudkyg ajymjyvsufSd&m? jrefrmvlrsKd;wdkYudk,fpm;[l ylwaubk&ifrif;jrwf
oufawmf&mausmfSnfygap? wvdkif;jrefrmvlrsKd;wdkYonf udk,fYvlrsKd;tcsif;csif; tkyfpdk;rjzpf? tjrJ
roifYrwifY jzpfwwf ylwautSifrif;jrwfudk,fpm; ,ck bk&ifcHrif;BuD; ocifbk&m;tkyfpdk;ojzifY
aS;uxuf om,m0ajymaMumif;? NrKdUcif;wdkufwm taqmuftODwdkYrSm r[mZeu Zmwfawmfvm
rdxdvmjynfBuD;ESifYwlaMumif; ponfjzifY tm;yg;w& oHawmfOD;wifum avQmufxm;Muav\/
ou
rO
RI
SK
ywfwwf? EGJUwwf? nif;wwf owif;tokH;awmfcHwdkYuvnf; bk&ifcHrif;BuD; oufawmf

&mausmfSnfygapaMumif; qkawmif;um uckefjrL;wl;aeMuav\/ xrif;pm;yGJBuD;um; wpfpwpfp
vlpJoGm;cJYav\/ y&dowfwdkYvnf; jyefoGm;MuNyDjzpf&m tcsKdUrSm t&ufcsKdrsm;,pfvsuf ykqdk; rEdkifY
wEdkifESifY jzpfysufcsifwdkif; jzpfysufaeMuav\/
wi
ll b
ea
ty
ylwaubk&ifcHrif;BuD;um; oufawmfapmifY udk,f&Hawmfrsm;ESifY 4if;\pHtdrfawmf tay:xyfodkY

wufa&mufoGm;av&m? 4if;\tyg;rS rsufESmjzLudk,f&Hawmfrsm;? tvdkawmf&d wvdkif;jrefrmtcsKdUwdkY
tem;uygoGm;Muav\/
ft
his
bo
ok
tdrfay:odkYa&mufvQif bk&ifcHrif;BuD;onf wvdkif;jrefrm t&mSdtcsKdUESifY ESD;aESmvsufSdav&m?

b,ausmfolum; ESKwfvQmoGufoGufESifY avQmufxm;vsufSdav\/
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
]]b,fYES,fvJ armifrif;rsm; ... uaeY naepmxrif;yGJESifY prf;oyfMunfhwJYtcg? igwdkYudk

MunfnKdav;pm;wJYvlawG tvGefrS rsm;yguvm; ...}}
Co
]]rSefvSyg ... 'g[m jrefrmvlrsKd;rsm;&JU oabmjzpfaMumif;ygbk&m;? bkef;wefcdk;tmPmSdolwdkYu

jyKvkyfvQif rsufESmvdkrsufESm& aemufawmfyg;u tjrJcpm;r,fY vlrsKd;awGygbk&m; ...}}
Zarni 86
- 61 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
]]tif; ... 'Dtwdkif;rSef&if igudk,fawmf aqmifGuforQ txajrmufzdkYayyJ ...}}

]]rSefvSyg ... wpfaeYwpfjcm; bkef;wefcdk;BuD;NyD;? jrefrmwpfEdkifiHvkH; tvG,fESifYatmifjrifzdkYyg
bk&m;? bk&m;uRefawmf b,ausmfol tus,favQmufxm;cGifYudk aTem;qifawmfrlygbk&m; ...}}
]]tif; ... armifrif;[m i,fuRefawmf vl,kHawmfynmSdjzpf wifapAsm; ...}}
]]uRefawmfrsKd;wdkYudk,fwdkif tSifbk&m;wdkYudk;uG,fwJY bmomrGef bmomjrwfudk tudk;uG,f
aemufusaeonfhtwGuf 0rf;enf;rdygonf/ ocifa,SK\ bkef;awmf? *kPfawmfudkvnf; aemufrS
od&ygonf/ onfawmYum tSifwdkY uRefawmfrsKd;wdkY\ rGefjrwfaom A&if*sDbmomudk wdkif;EdkifiHwGif
tvGefrsm;jym;cJYygu? tkyfcsKyfa&;rSmvnf; ukd,fYbufom;rsm;zdkY&m taMumif;Sdygonf bk&m;? bmom
w&m;wGif vl0ifzdkYrSm tSifwdkYpDrHwJYtwdkif; bmom0ifrsm;tm; aiGaMu;ydkrdkaxmufyHYjcif;? &mxl;&mcH
ay;jcif;wdkYjzifY tawmfyif vlOD;a&rsm;cJYygonf/ xdkYxuf wpfqifYwufzdkYrSm Ak'bmombkef;BuD;vlxGuf
rsm;tm; vc&dum pm;aomufavmufatmif ay;urf;ygvQif? omrefvlxuf w&m;a[m? pum;
ajymwwf? rdkufl;&J vkyfwwfvSaomaMumifY vlaygif;rsm;pGm uRefawmfrsKd;wdkYbmomwGif 0ifa&mufMu
ygrnf bk&m;}}
]]bmoma&;udpeJY rNyD;bl; armifrif;? wcsKdUjrefrmawGu olwdkYjrefrmbk&if vmvdrfYr,fvdkY
xifaeMuw,f/ auseyfykHr&bl;? 'g pOf;pm;zdkY ta&;BuD;w,f ...}}
]]rSefvSyg 'D[mrSmvJ rcJ,Of;vSygbk&m;?
aemufqkwfNyD; aMumufGHUoGm;MuygvdrfYrnfbk&m; ...}}
rauseyfwJYolrsm;udk
ememzdypfvdkufvQif
ty
ou
rO
RI
SK
]]tdk ... uREfkyfwdkY ylwauvlrsKd;&JU pnf;pepfu 'Dvdkr[kwfbl;/ rauseyfvdkY qlylwJYolawGudk

ememaygif;? &mxl;BuD;ay;? aiGrsm; ay;xm;&r,f? 'Dvdkvkyf&rwJY/ olYudkrS ememzd&r,f? ,kwfpGtqkH;
uREfkyfwdkYudkvnf; vltMunfnKdrysufatmif wpfenf;enf; owf&r,f? wdwfwdwfykef; owf&r,f
qdkygawmY/ 'g[m Nidrf;csrf;pGmaewJYolawGudk taESmifYt,Sufay;wJYvlawGrdkY uREfkyfwdkY tjypfSdr,f
rxifbl; ...}}
his
bo
]]'DvdkvJ uREfkyfwdkY dkif;dkif;pdkif;pdkif;BuD; rjyKrlvdkMuygbl;}}
ok
wi
ll b
ea
]]rSefvSyg tSifbk&m;wdkY\ pdwfoabmxm; BuD;rm;vSom ajrmufwefajrmuf jyKrlaeMuyg

ao;onf/ uRefawmfrsKd;rsm;om tmPmSdrnfqdkvQif wpfcgwnf; okwfoifrnfjzpfygaMumif; ...}}
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
]]tSifocifbk&m; aTPfawmfjzifYvnf; uRefawmfrsKd;rsm;? jrefrmwvdkif;wdkESifY tvGefyif

oifYawmfygonf bk&m;? jrefrmwvdkif;vlrsKd;rsm;onf bGJUxl;&mxl;rsm;udk tvGefESpfoufMuygonf/
vmbfvmbudkvnf; tvGefyif arQmfudk;Muygonf/ wpfOD;wpfa,muf aumif;pm;rnfqdkygu trsm;
qif;&Joludk rnmrwm ESdyfpuf0HYaomvlrsKd;rsm;vnf; jzpfygonf/ wpfae&m&mu toif;tyif;tzGJUESifY
qlnHatmf[pfaeaomfvnf;? vlBuD;vkyfoludk udk,fYbufygatmif acsmYarmYjzm;a,mif;u? 4if;\
i,fom;rsm;udk 4if;udk,fwdkif jzm;a,mif;odrf;oGif;NyD; at;atmifvkyfwwfMuygonf/ aumufdk;rD;
Zarni 86
- 62 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
uJYodkY wpfcPcsif; qlwwf? tawmfMumvQif pdwfysufarYaysmufwwfaom vlrsKd;jzpf odrf;oGif;Edkif

orQ odrf;oGif;oifYaMumif;ygbk&m;}}
]]uREkfyfwdkY apwem o'gw&m;eJY 'DvlrsKd;awG BuD;yGm;apcsifw,f? uREfkyfwdkYrSm 'DEdkifiHudk
trSDjyKNyD; aS;rif;tqufqufuwnf;u? tusKd;cHpm;cGifY? wdkif;jynfaexdkifEdkifcGifY&vdkY uREfkyfwdkY
wwfEdkifonfhtcg vlwpfrsKd;vkH;udk tvdrm jzpfapcsifom? oabFmjynfu p&dwfpu tukeftuscHNyD;
tkyfpdk;ae&jcif;jzpfw,f armifrif; ...}}
]]rSefvSyg? aus;Zl;awmfudk uRefawmfrsKd;rsm; todqkH;jzpfojzifY? uRefawmfrsKd;ESifYwuG
rdwfaqGrsm;yg toufESH bmomudk ajymif;vJNyD; pdwfpGJ ,kH,kHMunfMunfESifY trSKawmfudk xrf;Guf
ae&jcif; jzpfaMumif;yg bk&m;}}
]]ajrmufbufwpfvTm;u anmif&rf;rif;om;awmf[m rMumcif uREfkyfwdkYudk wdkufNyD;
odrf;vdrfYr,f? 'DtcgrSm uREkfyfvufatmufcH wvdkif;jrefrmrsm; raor0yfjzpfrSmudk pdk;&drf&w,f ...}}
]]rSefyg vufeufESifYzdxm;vQif axmifxm;0HYMur,f r[kwfaMumif;yg bk&m; ...}}
]]awmifilbk&if ewfSifaemifuvJ uREkfyfESifY yl;aygif;vdkaMumif;? awmifilEdkifiHudk tomwMunf
odrf;,lzdkY taMumif;rsm; twGif;pm&xm;w,f armifrif; ...}}
]]'DvkdjzpfvQif ajrmufbufu jrefrmbk&ifudk *kpdkufzG,frSdygbk&m;? tSifbk&m;\bkef;wefcdk;
uHZmwm wufaetoGif jzpfaeygojzifY pdk;&drfzG,f pdk;pOf;rQ rSdaMumif;yg bk&m; ...}}
RI
SK
]]EdkifiHawmftwGif;rSm vli,frsm; tvGefnDnGwfaew,fvdkY odSd&wJYtwGuf 'Dvli,frsm;udk

owdxm;&r,f armifrif; ...}}
wi
ll b
]]uREfkyfvnf; odkYyifjzpfrnf[k arQmfvifYayonf armifrif; ...}}
ea
ty
ou
rO
]]olvQKdrsm; owif;ay;csuft&? EdkifiHawmfudk qlyGufrnfh t&dyfta&mifrxGuf? vli,fobm0

avSyGJ? jrif;yGJESifY aysmfyg;aeojzifY? aemiftcg ocifbk&m; ppfbufrSmyif tokH;csEdkifygvdrfYrnf
bk&m; ...}}
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
xkdaeYn b,ausmfol avQmufwifcsuf[lorQum; rif;vdkvdkuf rif;BuKdufwif [louJYodkY

tvdkawmf&dyDyD avQmufxm;vsufSd&m ylwaubk&ifcHum; rsm;pGmauseyfvsuf tcsdeftawmfMum
nOfYeufrS jyefoGm;cGifYjyKvdkufav\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
ylwaubk&ifcH tpdk;&drfqkH;um; vlwpfrsKd;vkH; nDnGwfrSKyifjzpfav&m? u&ifvlrsKd;udk jrefrm

wvdkif;wdkYu ESdyfpufta&;rxm;cJYykH? wvdkif;wdkYtm;vnf; jrefrmrsm;u ESdyfpufykHwdkYudk &mZ0ifaypmrsm;
tESHYtjym;ul;apvsuf vlrsKd;toD;oD;udk zwfMum;ap\/ wwfEdkiforQ ukef;acsmpum;jyKaomaMumifY?
oabmEk tjrifrus,faom wdkif;&if;om;wdkYrSm uGJjym;vsufyifSdMu&m? A&if*sDbmom0ifaom
Zarni 86
- 63 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
wvdkif;? u&if? jrefrmwdkYrSm omyif pdwf0rf;uGJvsufSdMuav\/ odkY&mwGif tajrmftjrifBuD;aom

vlBuD;tcsKdUESifY vli,facgif;aqmifwdkYrSm wdkif;&if;om;csif; &ifMum;apYatmif txl;BuKd;pm; a[majym
aeMu&av\/
b,ausmfolum; touf 40-cefYrQSd&m? oefvsife,fwpf0dkufwGif wGJbuf0efrif;[k txl;
ausmfaZmolwpfa,mufjzpfav\/ ylwaubk&ifcHvnf; 4if;\tvdkudk pGrf;aqmifolwpfOD;jzpfojzifY
tcGifYta&; ydkrdkay;xm;av&m oefvsifwGJbuf0efrif;rSm wvdkif;? u&if? jrefrm trsKd;orD;xJrS
0efuawmf 10-OD;cefY vufSdxm;vsuf? tjcm; tysKdabmf0ifp trsKd;orD;uav;rsm;tm; ajcawmf
wifcJYonfrSmvnf; ra&rwGufEdkifatmifSdcJYav\/ vifSdrdef;uav;rsm;yif jzpfvifYapumrl? 4if;
ESpfNcKdufu wpfenf;enf; BuHaqmifavYSdojzifY vufatmufcH jrefrm wvdkif;trsKd;om;wdkYrSm b,
ausmfoltm; GHUaMumufaeMuav\/
orD;ysKdtG,fi,f acR;rSdMuaom tdrfSifwdkYrSm b,ausmfoltm; wefcdk;tmPmaMumifY
vufoifYcH&aomfvnf; 4if;wdkY orD;ysKd? acR;ri,ftwGuf txl;pdk;&drfMuSmav\/ armifbkef;jrifY\
a,mur oefvsif0efrif;um; b,ausmfoltaMumif;udk odNyD;jzpf? orD;i,ftm; armifbkef;jrifYESifY
vsifjrefpGm ae&mcsxm;jcif;jzpfav&m? xdkpOftcgu Sifeef;EG,frSm tdrfwGif;atmif;onfu wpfaMumif;?
oefvsif0efrif;tSdefaMumifY b,ausmfoludk,fwdkif 0ifxGufjcif;rjyK0HYonfu wpfaMumif;aMumifY
rodSdbJ aeav&m? Sifeef;EG,frSm tdrfaxmifusNyD;aemuf cifyGef;onf\ 0g'twdkif;? trsKd;orD;wdkif;
cgom? uwDyg? ouvyfwdkYudk aSmifMuOfa&;? Adkif;iifjcif;? csnfoJYjcif;tvkyfudk vkyfudkifa&;wdkYudk
ajymqdkqufqH xGuf0ifoGm;vmae&mrS jrifawGUzl;ojzifY? tl;pGJ pGJvrf;aecJYonfudk rnfolrQ
odMu[efrwlao;acs/
wi
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
RI
SK
b,ausmfolum; 4if;\tBuHaMumifY oefvsif0efrif;xHodkY 0ifa&mufum? ,ciftcgu

rdrdonf oefvsif0efrif;tm; tqdk;csavQmufxm;cJYjcif;rSm oefvsif0efrif; oufomzdkY&mtwGuf
jzpfaMumif;? oefvsif0efrif;aSUwGif rdrdtjypfajymjcif;jzifY tu,frkef;wD;onf[k xifaomtcg?
oefvsif0efrif;\ &dumawmfESifY aexkdifa&;yg umuG,fcJYykHwdkYudk ajymjy&if; 0ifxGufaeav\/
oefvsif0efrif;um; b,ausmfol\pum;udk r,kHMunfaomfvnf; rdrd wif;rmu rdrdwdkYtBuHtpnfudk
xdcdkufrnfpdk;wpfaMumif;? rdrdorD;rSm ttdkjzpfonf wpfaMumif;rsm;aMumifY tvdkuftxdkuf vufoifY
cH pum;ajym&av\/ armifbkef;jrifYrSm tvkyf tvGefrsm;vsuf wpfcgwpf&H aeYcsif;jyef? wpfcgwpf&H
wpfntdyf? ESpfntdyf? avmif;avSESifYxGufum tvkyfvkyfaeav\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
Sifeef;EG,fuav;um; touf 16-ESpfu ausmfvGef 17-ESpftwGif; 0ifa&mufNyDjzpfojzifY?

13-ESpftG,f aTuefawmYpGyf pnf;BuKd;pnf; tG,fuJYodkYr[kwf? tom;ta& pdkjynfvsuf
uspfuspf&pf&pf tvSusufoa&wdk;cdkuf jzpfavonf/ tysKdabmf0ifuwnf;u tvGeftrif;
wuf<uaompdwfudk 15-ESpftG,fwGif cifyGef;ZeD;jzifY zdESdyfvdkufaomaMumifY? usef;rma&; aoG;om;
rQwnDnGwfvsuf tpm;ttdyfaumif;rGefvSojzifY? "mwfrodolwdkYrSm ttdk[krxif tysKd[kxifrSwfum
ai;pdkufMunfhSKMuav\/ xdkYaemuf wpfOD;u wpfOD; ar;jref;pkHprf;rS ZeD;cifyGef;SdaMumif; odMuaom
tcg Sifeef;EG,f\ kyf&nfudk ydkrdkcsD;rGrf;Muav\/ Sifeef;EG,fudk,fwdkifrSmum; wpfcgwpf&H owd
arYvsuf? 4if;\udk,fudk tysKd[kxifrSwf&mu cifyGef;onf armifbkef;jrifYtm; jrifaomtcgusrS
Zarni 86
- 64 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
rdrdonf cifyGef;onfESifYae&aom tdrfaxmifonftjzpfudk owd&cJYav\/ 2-ESpfwGif; om;orD;rSd?

udk,f0efrSd? vGwfvGwfvyfvyf cspfcspfcifcifaeMu&aomaMumifY avmuBuD;wGif 4if;wdkYZeD;cifyGef;xuf
aysmfTifMuolrSd[kvnf; rSwfxifcJYav\/
wpfaeYo tonfOD;wkwfpH\ orD;ysKd SifjzL\tdrfodkYtoGm; vrf;c&D;wGif aemufygwdkYESifY
xGuf<uvmaom b,ausmfolESifY &ifqdkifawGUBuKHav\/ Sifeef;EG,fuav;um; trsKd;aumif;orD;yDyD
aÈ&& tajcrysuf ajcvsifoGm;&m? aemufyg rdNidrf;omajymrS oefvsif0efrif;topfonf Orm'EDudk
od0d&mZfrif;BuD;Munfhovdk 0g;rsKdrwwfMunfhoGm;aMumif;ESifY odSd&av\/ xdkYaemufrl b,
ausmfolonf rdrdwdkYtdrfodkY tvnftywfvmaMumif;? Mum;od&aomfvnf;? tdrfcef;twGif;u rxGufbJ
ta&;rpdkuf cyfat;at;aecJYav\/
b,ausmfol 0ifxGufoGm;vm okH;vcefYMumaomtcg? b,ausmfolonf aemufygvl,kH
ESpfOD;ESifY oefvsif0efrif;\tdrfodkY a&mufSdvmav\/ oefvsif0efrif;ESifY 0efuawmfwdkY wjcm;
oGm;cdkufudk vnf;aumif;? armifbkef;jrifY tjcm;wpfae&mwGif Sdcdkufudkvnf;aumif; pkHprf;NyD;rS
vma&mufjcif;jzpf&m? tdrfOD;{nfhcef;wGif rdNidrf;omwpfOD;wnf;om awGU&av\/ rdNidrf;omtm;
oefvsif0efrif;wdkY b,foGm;MuovJ[k pum;zm ar;NyD;aemuf? tonf OD;wkwfpHorD; SifjzL
&ufvkyfaom txnfudk MunfhvdkaMumif;? wGJbuf0efrif;u qdk awmif;,lcJY&ef cdkif;apvdkuf&m?
rdNidrf;omrSm oefvsif0efrif;udk,fwdkif *kwpdkufcdkif;apjcif;aMumifY rjiif;ombJ xGufcGmoGm;av\/
RI
SK
Sifeef;EG,fuav;um; tdrfaSUrS vloHMum;aomfvnf; *krpdkuf? anmifapmif;acgif;&if; pifjrifY

ay:Sd avSavSmfom;tjynfh avSavSmf[efjzifY xkvkyfxm;aom avSkyfuav;udk MunfhSKum
cifyGef;onf\ vuf&mudk auseyfaeav\/ xdktcdkuf uJvm;aygufrS ykqdk;pudk vufwpfzufu
qGJvsuf 0ifa&mufvmaom oefvsifwGJbuf0efudk jrifvdkuf&&m? acgif;eyef;BuD;vsuf &ifuav;
zdkvSKdufum aerdSmav\/
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
]]tr,f ... avSuav;u w,faumif;? EG,fEG,fuav; wpfa,mufwnf; rysif;bl;vm;uG,f}}

[k ajymajymqdkqdkjzifY Sifeef;EG,f\vufxJrS avSuav;udk udkifwG,fMunfhSKav&m? Sifeef;EG,frSm
tom;rsm; qwfqwfwkef? ]]tdk b,fYESmvJ? 'g olwpfxl;tcef;ygvm;? awmf b,fYESmaMumifY
0ifvm&ovJ? ckjrefjrefxGuf ...}}[k &efawGUaomfvnf;? b,ausmfolrSm ESKwfcrf;arG;rsm; wvSKyfvSKyf
jzpfatmif NyKH;vsuf? ]]EG,fEG,fYtcef;rSef; odygw,fuG,f? EG,fEG,f Orm'ED&JUZmwfudk zwfzl;w,f
r[kwfvm; ...}}
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
]]zwfzl;w,f? [dku bk&m;tavmif;? awmfu acG;avmif;? z,f ... oGm;r,f}}[k uJvm;wHcg;

Sd&modkY tvm? b,ausmfolrSm aSUuumqD;vsuf? ]]aeygOD;uG,f? pum;wpfcGef;avmuf ajymyg&apOD;
EG,fEG,f&JU? 'DpdwfeJY 'Dudk,f tl;jzpfNyD; ao&awmYr,f ...}} cRJjypfaeaomfvnf; Sifeef;EG,frSm bmudkrQ
rMum; xlylvsuf? ]]awmfz,fyg? usKyfxGufr,f}}[k twif;wdk;&m? b,ausmfoltrSm tEkudkifr&?
tMurf;udkifrS oifYawmfrnf[k oabmaygufum Sifeef;EG,f\vufuav;ESpfzufudk wif;usyfpGm
qGJ,lvdkufav\/ Sifeef;EG,fum; armifbkef;jrifYuvGJ rnfonfh a,musfm;om;\ tudkiftwG,fudkrQ
Zarni 86
- 65 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
rcH&bl;ojzifY tvGeftrif;Suf a'goxGufum tm;ukefaqmifYkef;vdkuf&m? vufarmif;tdk; jyKwfus

vkrwwf emusifvSaomfvnf; rvGwfbJSd&av\/
]]awmfYESrudk BuHpnfygvm;? awmfYorD;udk BuHygvm;? [JY trsKd;,kwf ... acG;usifYacG;BuH
BuHw,f}}[k pEudE&Donf bvmwd,rif;BuD;tm; qJa&;ouJYodkY qJqdkBudrf;armif;aeaomfvnf;
b,ausmfolum; tNyKH;rysuf?]]cspfvdkYyg uav;&,f}}[k Sifeef;EG,fuav;\ EkxGwfnDnGwfaom
yg;jyifuav;udk twif;erf;SKyfrnftvkyf? Sifeef;EG,fuav;rSm wwftm;orQ twif;kef;uefum
acgif;udk atmufodkY ikHYxm;av\/ b,ausmfolvnf; twif;'vMurf;yif zuf,rf;aeav&m?
wpfcsDwpfcsD oefrmaom rdef;uav;jzpfonfhtwdkif; vGwfxGufoGm;av&m twif;rdatmifzrf;vsuf
Sdav\/
xdkpOf touf 50-ausmfcefY[kxif&aom qDonftbdk;BuD;wpfa,mufonf oefvsif0efrif;\
tdrfayguf0rS 0ifa&mufum ]]qD qD ...}}[k [pfvsuf tdrfay:odkY wufcJYav\/ tdrfay:rS b,
ausmfol\ vl,kHESpfa,mufonf ]]tdrfrSm vlrSdbl; jrefjrefqif;}}[k qdkav&m? qDonfBuD;rSm *krpdkuf
ouJYodkY ]]tdk ... olwdkYrSd&if pm;zdku qDtdk;xJ xnfhcJY&rSmyJ ...}}[k ZGwfwdk;vm&m? ]]a[Y tbdk;BuD;
qif; ...}}[k "m;udk,fpD "m;tdrfucRwf&if; rwfwwf&yfMuav\/
RI
SK
tbdk;BuD;um; qDxrf;ydk;udk jzKwfum qDtdk;rsm;udk jyifqifaecdkuf? vl,kHESpfa,mufonf

aSUodkYwdk;vmvsuf ]]a[Y tbdk;BuD;? "m;pm jzpfcsif ovm;}}[k Budrf;0g;pOf? tbdk;BuD;\ tajctaerSm
yrmrcHYjrif&ojzifY? wpfa,mufu "m;jzifYtckwf tbdk;BuD;onf xrf;ydk;jzifY "m;udkifaom vufudk
dkufcsvdkufav\/ tjcm;wpfa,mufuvnf; wpfzef "m;ESifY0ifjyef&m? ,cifvluJYodkY vufaumuf
0wfudk dkufcsNyD;aemuf? vli,fESpfa,muf tem;uyf rvkH;cif vsifjrefaom tbdk;BuD;\vufonf
vli,fESpfa,muf\ em;xifudk wkwfjzifYdkufvSJNyD; jzpfonf/
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
Sifeef;EG,fuav;um; armonfxufarm vufavQmY&awmYrnfodkYjzpfcdkuf? jyif;xefaom

vldkufoHudk Mum;&ojzifY? b,ausmfolonf rdef;uav;tm; vTwfum uJvm;tjyifbufodkY
vsifjrefpGm xGufcJYav\/ xdktwGif; tbdk;BuD;rSm tcef;wHcg;udk uG,frdNyD;jzpf? b,ausmfol\
OD;acgif;pGef; xGufvmonfESifYwpfNyKdifeuf xrf;ydk;ESifY ususee dkufvSJvdkufav&m? aSUodkY [yfxdk;
pdkufvJoGm;av\/ tbdk;BuD;vnf; tajy;uav; tcef;xJodkY0ifum Sifeef;EG,fuav;tm; ayGU,l
vkdufNyD;? wD;wdk;pum; ajymMum;NyD;aemuf tdrfay:u qif;oGm;av\/ xdktcdkuf rdNidrf;om a&mufvm
ojzifY vlokH;a,muf vJaeonfudk jrifaomtcg tdrfeD;csif;rsm;udk ac:,lvsuf uGrf;wpf,mnufcefY
twGif; qlyGufaeMuavawmYonf/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
vlrsm; pkkH;qlnHvsufSdpOfrSmyif oefvsif0efrif;vnf; a&mufSdvm? Sifeef;EG,ftm; tusKd;

taMumif; ar;jref;av&m? Sifeef;EG,fuav;rSm SKdufidkvsuf tusKd;taMumif; Zmwfcif;ajymjyonfESifY
wpfNyKdifeuf? oefvsif0efrif;rSm i,fxdyfaoG;a&mufum qifpG,fdk;wyf vufokH;awmf"m;SnfBuD;udk
oGm;,lav\/ 0efuawmfBuD;vnf; 0efrif;tm; twif;qGJxm;um? ]]udk,fpOf;pm;yg? udk,fYtBuHawG
ysufygYr,f? vlMum;vJ Sufp&mBuD; ...}}[k wm;jrpfxm;ojzifY? ]]awmuf ... acG;rsKd;apmfum;cH&w,f?
'Dtaumifudk ig b,fwkef;ursm; ta&;pdkufvdkYvJ}}[k Budrf;0g;om ae&Smav\/ tjyifbufum;
Zarni 86
- 66 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
qlnHoHMum; rif;vkvifrsm;a&mufSdvm&m vJowdarYaeolrsm;tm; ayGU,lvsuf aoG;rsm;udk

okwfay;Muav\/ b,ausmfolonf owd&onfESifYwpfNyKdifeuf 0dkif;0ef;MunfhSKaeolrsm;tm; ]]eifwdkY
bZmaMumifY vm&ovJ}}[k Budrf;0g;vdkuf&m? tm;vkH;qif;ajy;Muav\/ 0efuawmfBuD;tm; rdrd
wdkYonf v,fcGefudprsm;twGuf tdrfodkY vma&mufpOf? trnfrodvlwpfa,mufrS dkufESuf
oGm;aMumif;ESifY ajymqdk&m? 0efuawmfBuD;onf rdrdwdkYtdrfayguf0wGif jzpfysuf& pdwfraumif;aMumif;
tvdkuftxdkuf ajymqdkvTwfav\/
xdkowif;um; tjyifodkYrsm;pGmrxGuf? oefvsifwGJbuf0efonf 0efa[mif;BuD;tdrfodkY tcGefaiG
twGufESifY vma&mufpOf? trnfrodvlwpfa,mufu dkufESufoGm;aMumif;avmufom ajymqdk
aeMuav\/ 0efuawmfBuD;vnf; orD;jzpfoltm; taMumif;rsm;rSm tjcm;odkY rxGufojzifY?
armifbkef;jrifY jyefvmu bmrQrajymbJ? trsm;xifrSwfovdk omrefrQajymjy&ef qkH;rxm;av\/
Sifeef;EG,fuav;rSmum; rdrdtm; zuf,rf;qGJiifjcif;udk cH&onhfhtwGuf rdrdtjzpfudk
,lBuKH;r&jzpfum armifbkef;jrifYtm; zGifYajym&rnfvnf;tcuf? xdefcsefxm;&rnfvnf;tcuf
BuKHawGUae&av\/
RI
SK
opmSd rdrdukd,fudk xdef;odrf;apmifYaSmufavYSdaom rdef;raumif;wdkYrnfonfrSm rdrd

cifyGef;onf uG,f&m tjcm;a,musfm;wpfyg;ESifYawGUqkHum rdwfaqGtjzpfyif NyKH;&,f pum;ajymdk;
rSd/ rdrda,musfm;rSwpfyg; xduyg; &duyg; udkifwG,fjyKvkyfjcif;udkvnf; txl;aSmifMuOf&pjrJ
jzpfav&m? ,ck touf 40-ausmf Z&mtdkBuD;onf orD;csif; rpmem rdrdtm; qGJiifum twif;
Avum&jyKrlojzifY? tvGefcH&cufvsuf rnfuJYodkY vl,kwfrmtm; uvJYpm;acsrS oifYawmfrnf[k
a'gopdwfuav;ESifY awG;awmaerdav\/ wpfzefvnf; rdrdu rnfodkYrQpdwfrygyJ? wpfzufowf
avmbpdwfESifY jyKrlaompdwfonf rdrd\pifMu,faompdwf"mwfudk rxdcdkufEdkif[k ajzrdaomtcg? ]]tdk
udkbkef; rod&if NyD;wmyJ? bmrSvJ vGefusL;rdwmrSr[kwfbJ}}[k rcsdrqefYESifY awG;awmjyefSmav\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
Zarni 86
- 67 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
tcef; ( 7 )
2-&ufcefYMumvQif? armifbkef;jrifYonf '*kefbufodkYoGm;&mrS jyefvnfa&mufSdvmav\/

aS;OD;pGm oefvsif0efrif;xHodkY 0ifa&mufum '*kefbufuvlrsm;rSm pdwf0rf;nDnGwfvsufSdMuaMumif;?
oefvsufbufu pvdkufvQif oabmwlaqmifGuf&eftoifYSdaMumif;ESifY awGUqkHESD;aESmykHrsm;udk ajymqdk
NyD;vQif ZeD;onf\tcef;odkY ul;cJYav\/
Sifeef;EG,fuav;um; uJvm;wHcg;rSxGufum armifbkef;jrifY\vufudk qGJNyD;vQif ESpfudk,f
,SOfwGJum anmifapmif;ay:wGif xdkifMuav\/ xdktcg Sifeef;EG,frSm rdrdonf tvGefapmifYpnf;
uspfvpfpGm aexdkifygvsuf vlapmfum;cH&avjcif;? udkbkef;SdvQif 'DvdkjzpfrSmr[kwfbl;[k awG;awm
0rf;enf;vmum rsuf&nfrsm;vnfvmSmav\/
armifbkef;jrifYonf ZeD;onf\rsufESmav;udk tm;yg;w&MunfhSK tcspf\ESKwfqufenf;jzifY
ESKwfquf&if; ...
RI
SK
]]tdk EG,fEG,f? bmjzpfwmvJuG,f? udkbkef; c&D;oGm;wm MumvdkYvm; ... 5-&ufxJyg? EG,fEG,fu

'DvdkvGrf;NyD; idkae&pfr,fqdk&if udkbkef; cvkwfwdkufNyD;vJaerSmaygY? udkbkef;wdkYukodkvfuHu tMuif
vifr,m;tjzpf at;at;aecGifY rBuKHBuKdufbl;? udkbkef;wdkYvufxufrSm atmif&ifatmif? ratmif&if
aemufvmaemufom;rsm;twGuf erlem&apawmYvdkY toufpGefYaqmifGufaeMu&wm? EG,fEG,fvJ
todom;eJY ridkygeJYuG,f? jyefvm&if NyKH;NyKH;uav; Munfhyg&ap}}[k pum;avavQmufajymum
acsmYarmY ae&av\/
ty
ou
rO
EG,fEG,fum; armifbkef;jrifY wpfrsKd;xif ajymqdkjcif;jzifY rdrd\tjzpfudk zkH;uG,fNyD;

jzpfaomfvnf;? armifbkef;jrifY\ Muifem,k,aom ukPmoHonf tonf;ESvkH;udk ydkrdk xdcdkufav
&um;? armifbkef;jrifY\ vnfyif;udkzufum SKdufiifidka<u;rdSmavonf/ armifbkef;jrifYvnf;
&ifcGifwGif ayGU,lum ...
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
]]vkyfjyefNyD EG,fEG,f? udkbkef; tvkyfudk zsufypfawmYrSmvm;? EG,fEG,fuom udkbkef;

c&D;xGufwdkif; 'DvdkidkSKdufaer,fqdk&if? udkbkef;rSm aemufqHwiifiifeJY jzpf&awmYr,f? tvkyfpcef;rSmvJ
ajzmifYajzmifYoGm;EdkifrSm r[kwfawmYbl;? raovJaygif; aovJuHaygY? wdkif;jynfEdkifiHtusKd;twGuf
udkbkef;aqmifGuforQ? EG,fEG,f&JU *kPfusufoa& wdk;wufzdkYcsnf;ygyJvdkY? EG,fEG,fajymxm;wmawG
arYNyDvm;uG,f ...}}[k 0rf;enf;oHESifYajymav&m? EG,fEG,frSm xdktcgusrS rsuf&nfrsm;udkokwfvsuf ...
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
]]udkbkef; aqmifGufrSmudk aqmifGufyg? 'DuaeYawmY cgwdkif;xuf ydkNyD;vGrf;vdkY idkrdwmyg?

aemufudk EG,fEG,f ridkawmYygbl;? udkbkef; oabmwlr,fqdk&if udkbkef;oGm;av&mrSm aotwlSiftrQ
EG,fEG,fvJ vdkufemaqmifGuf0HYygw,f}}[k ajymjyav&m ...
Zarni 86
- 68 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
]]tJ'DvdkrSaygY EG,fEG,f? at;at;oufomae&wJY tcgrsKd;r[kwfbl;? bmom omoemeJY

wpfrsKd;vkH;twGuf BuD;av;wJYudpudk udkbkef;wdkYu erlemjyaqmifGufcJYrS aemif&mZ0if wGif&pfawmY
raygY ...}}[k EG,fEG,f\ rsufESmuav;udk Tef;Tef;pm;pm;Munfh&if; ajymqdkvdkufav\/
wpfzef armifbkef;jrifYu qufvuf ... ]]tck udkbkef;wdkY aqmifGufaewmudk ylwau
bk&ifcH&JU olvQKdawGu tjrJacsmif;ajrmif;aew,f/ udkbkef;udkvJ oli,fcsif;awGu ckaecg acgif;aqmif
trnfrcHbJaewmudk auseyfMuw,f/ acgif;aqmifvkyfzdkYxuf c&D;wGifatmifvkyfzdkYu ta&;BuD;awmY?
acgif;aqmifvkyfr,fYvli,fudkyJ tawmfawmif;yef&r,f/ 0rf;omp&maumif;vdkufwmu udkbkef;wdkYrSm
awGUorQvlawGu rdbwpfOD;wnf;rS aygufzGm;wJY nDtpfudkawG uGJuGmae&mu jyefNyD;qkHawGUMuovdk
odyfNyD;cifMuwmyJ/ wpfOD;uajym&if wpfOD;u em;axmifwmyJ EG,fEG,f&JU/ wcsKdU pdwfrxdef;EdkifwJY
vli,fawGuawmY tuRefwdkY qdk;vSacs&JUvdkY idkMuw,f/ wcsKdUuawmYvJ ukvm;jzLawGudk awGU&m
ocFsKdif; owfypfr,fvdkY Budrf;0g;Muw,f/ aemufqkH;aqmifGuf&r,fY udpuawmYvJ tawmfyJ
Murf;wrf;Mu&rSmrdkY ckaeuwnf;u EG,fEG,f oabmBuD;BuD;eJY pOf;pm;xm;apcsifw,f ...}}
]]aeygOD; udkbkef;&,f? aemufqkH; olykefxrSjzpfr,fY udpr[kwfvm; ...}}
]]trSefyJ? 'DtcgrSm udkbkef;[m olykefBuD; jzpf&raygY? 'gayr,fY 'Dtcsdefu vdkygao;w,f?
udk,fYvlrsKd;tcsif;csif; bk&ifudk eef;cscsifwJYtcgrSmjzpfap? vlwpfrsKd;vufatmufu kef;xGufcsifwJY
tcgrSm jzpfap? olykefx0HYrS &SdEdkifrSmrdkY udkbkef;wdkY twGif;vli,frsm;[m 'gawGudk eufeufeJeJ
pOf;pm;xm;Muw,f? 'DawmY EG,fEG,f[m 'djyif bmrSrpOf;pm;bJ EG,fEG,fwwfEdkifonfhbufu udkbkef;
tvkyfudk ulnDapcsifygw,f ...}}
RI
SK
]]EG,fEG,fvJ aeYpOfESifYtrQ pOf;pm;vsufyg? udkbkef;&JUtvkyfudk b,fvdkulnD&ygYrvJvdkY?

EG,fEG,f pOf;pm;&oavmuf udkbkef; EG,fEG,fYudk pGefYvTwfEdkifwJYwpfaeY[m udkbkef;&JU oHa,mZOfBuKd;
jywfoGm;vdkY ,ckBuHaqmifaewmxuf ydkrdk pdwfxufoefrvm;vdkY ...}}
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
]]'Dvkd[kwfdk;vm; EG,fEG,f&,f ... ckaecg udkbkef; wjcm;udk oGm;a&mufaqmifGufae&mu?

udk,fpdwfESpfyg; EGrf;e,fvmwJYtcg? EG,fEG,f&JU rsufESmuav;udkjrif&&if pdwfvufMunfvifNyD; yifyef;
orQ tukefaysmufwmrdkY tm;wpfrsKd;jzpfaeygw,f ...}}
his
bo
ok
wi
]]'Dvdkqdk&ifvJ EG,fEG,f[m udkbkef;tvdkvdkufNyD; tBuKdufaezdkYygyJ ...}}[k ESpfOD;TifyspGm

qufvufajymqdkaeMuav\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
4if;wdkYESpfOD;\ pdwful;&nfG,fcsufrSm touftG,fESifY rvdkuf? tvGef txufwef;us

aomaMumifY rsKd;cspfpdwfrSdol odkYr[kwf rsKd;cspfpdwfSdaomfvnf; rpGefYpm;0HYolwdkYtwGufrSm xifjrif
oabmayguf&ef cJ,Of;ayvdrfYrnf/ odkY&mwGif touf 13-ESpf 14-ESpftG,fuyif bk&ifYtrSKawmfudk
xrf;vsuf trSKaMuukefatmif toufpGefYaqmifGufolrsm; &mZ0ifwGif txiftSm;Sd&um;? wpfrsKd;vkH;
wpfjynfvkH;\ epfemcsufudk eufeJpGmod&NyD;jzpf trsKd;twGuf toufESifYvJum aqmifGufMuawmY
rnf[k ZeD;armifESHydkif;jzwfMuonfrSm tmZmenfwdkY\ tpOftvmyifjzpfygonf/
Zarni 86
- 69 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
aemufwpfaeY eHeufcif;wGif armifbkef;jrifYonf oefvsif0efrif;ESifYtwl vufzuf&nfMurf;

aomuf&if; EdkifiHa&;pum;rsm;udk ajymMum;aqG;aEG;aecdkuf? rif;vkvifrsm; a&mufSdvmojzifY txl;
tHYtm;oifYaerdMuav\/
oefvsif0efrif;onf aÈrysufMunfhSKum ...]]bmudprsm;ygvJ tarmifvkvifwdkY ...}}[k
ar;jref;&m? ,aeY rGef;rwdrf;rDtcsdefwGif bk&ifcHrif;BuD;\ vTwfawmfodkY oefvsif0efrif;ESifY om;ruf
bkef;jrifYyg vma&muf&ef trdefYygaMumif; puLrifa&;pmudkxkwfjyav\/
]]bk&ifrif;BuD;\ trdefYawmf ...

oefvsif0efrif;ESifYwuG ykodrf? ajrmif;jr? 'v? '*kefpaom atmufjrefrmEdkifiH
wvdkif;okH;&yfudkyg tpdk;&awmfrlaom tSifylwau bk&ifcHrif;BuD; trdefYSdvdkufonf oefvsif
0efa[mif;ESifY om;rufbkef;jrifYwdkY/
RI
SK
armifrif;wdkYonf v,fy,f 20-ausmftwGuf tcGefaiG vGwfoifY rvGwfoifYudpESifY

ywfouf wGJbuf0ef b,ausmfol oGm;a&mufpkHprf;&mwGif? armifrif;wdkYESpfOD;rSm wdrf;aSmif
ae? vlqdk;vloGrf;wdkYtm; ajrmufyifYay;aomaMumifY? b,ausmfolESifY rif;vkvifESpfOD;wdkY
tdkuftESufcH&aMumif; tpD&ifcHMuonf/ xdkudpaMumifY txl;ppfar;vdkojzifY vTwfawmfodkY
vma&mufMu&rnf/}}
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
]]aumif;ygNyD tarmifvkvifwdkY? vmcJYygrnf ...}}[k ajymqdkum rif;vkvifwdkYtm; vTwfvdkuf

NyD;aemuf? oefvsif0efrif;rSm a'gyGaerdav\/ rdrdESifY om;rufrSdcdkuf orD;jzpfoltm; Avum&
jyKrlNyD;vQif 4if;wdkYuyif wpfzef trSKqif aESmifY,SufjyefacsNyDwum;[k pOf;pm;ae&mu? tu,f
orD;jzpfoltm; b,ausmfol BuHpnfykHudk armifbkef;jrifYtm; ajymjyacsu? armifbkef;jrifYrSm xdkYxuf
a'gyGum wpfpkHwpf&m jzpfysufacsrnfpdk;aomaMumifY ...
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
]]tJ'gudkyJ csifYa&mY vluav;&JU ... b,ausmfol[m rif;ajrmifpdk;uyf tvdkawmf&dvkyfkHom

r[kwf? vlaumif;olaumif;awGudk tvGefyJaESmifY,SufavYSdw,f? wpfaeYu bb&JUtdrfudk olvmawmY
b,folu dkufESufoGm;w,f rod? 'gudkyJ bbwdkY cdkif;apav[ef 'if;u PfqifbdawmYw,f?
tppt&m&m owdxm;rS jzpfacsr,f}}
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
]]rpdk;&drfygeJY bb? uRefawmfwpfa,mufwnf;&JU tusKd;epfemrSKudkpDrHvQif uRefawmf acgif;ikHY

cHygw,f? ,ckvdk wdkif;jynftrsKd;om;tusKd; xdcdkufatmif jyKrlwJYolawGudkawmY b,fenf;eJYrQ
csrf;omay;Edkifrnfr[kwfyg? wpfaeYaeYrSm w&m;pD&if&rnf trSefyifjzpfygw,f ...}}
Zarni 86
- 70 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
]]udkif; ... olYEdkifiHrSm olYtrdefY remcHvdkYawmY rjzpfao;bl;? xrif;pm;MuOD;pdkY ...}}[k taptyg;

rsm;tm; xrif;jyifqif&ef cdkif;apNyD;aemuf pm;aomufaeMuav\/
rGef;r,drf;cif tcsdefrlum; om;tzESpfa,mufonf ylwaubk&ifcHrif;BuD;\ vTwfkH;odkY
oGm;a&mufMu&av\/ t&yfxJrSmvnf; oefvsif0efrif;ESifY om;rufarmifbkef;jrifYwdkYtm; vTwfkH;u
qifYac:NyD[k Mum;&aomtcg? bmrsm;jzpfMuvdrfYOD;rnfvJ[k em;pGifYaeMuav\/ ylwaubk&ifum;
oefvsifNrKdUay:wGif vTwfkH;BuD;wpfck aqmufvkyfxm;um ta&;BuD;aomudprsm;udk 4if;udk,fwdkif
ppfar;pD&ifavYdS\/ tcsKdUudprsm;udkrl ckHorm"dkH; t&mSdrsm; cefYxm;vsuf pD&ifav\/ kH;toD;oD;
wGifvnf; trSKonfESpfzufrS aSUaewdkY\avQmufvJcGifYudk aS;uxuf ydkrdkta&;ay;xm;av\/
oefvsif0efrif;om;tz vTwfawmfkH;odkYa&mufvQif toifYapmifYpm;aeom udk,f&HawmfwdkYonf ylwau
bk&ifcHrif;BuD;tdrfawmfodkY ac:aqmifoGm;av\/ bk&ifcHrif;BuD;udk,fwdkif NyKH;csKdpGm qD;BuKdum
ESKwfqufvsuf ae&mxdkifcif;ay;av\/
]]0efrif;wdkY trdefYpmrsm; eHeufcif;u &Sdygovm; ...}}
]]rSefvSyg ... rif;vkvifwdkY vma&mufay;tyfqifYac:vdkY &SdMuaMumif;yg ...}}
]]uREkfyf rqifrjcif jyKrlrdygvQif tvGef0rf;enf;p&m aumif;ayrnf/ ,ckrlum; b,
ausmfolESifY ygvmaom rif;vkvifESpfOD;udk pkHprf;MunfhrS taMumif;pkHod&aMumif;? xdkYtwGuf rdrd
trdefYudk rdrdkyfodrf; rdwfjzpfaqGjzpf pum;ajymqdkvdkaMumif; ...}} rdefYqdk&m ...
RI
SK
]]b,ausmfol vmpOfu uRefawmfwdkY rSdMuyg? olwdkY bmombm0 b,fykHjzpfysufonf

udkvnf; rod&yg? v,fy,f 20-ausmfrSmvnf; xdku xGufaom oD;ESHtm;vkH; avSavSmfoif;rsm;udk
ukodkvfjzpf axmufyHY&onfhtwGuf v,fcGefvGwfzdkY avQmufxm;&jcif;jzpfygw,f? v,fcGefudp
aqmifGufrSKtpOftvmrSmvJ v,fbufqdkif&muom pkHprf;cGifYSdw,fvdkY od&ygw,f ...}}
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
]]b,ausmfoltrSm;yJ 0efrif;? olYudkvJ uREfkyf owday;vdkufygNyD? onf[mESifYywfoufNyD;

txl;taxG ajymqdk&ef rSdyg? 0efrif;\om;ruf armifbkef;jrifYudkvnf; MunfhSKvdk apmifYpm;
aejcif;jzpfygw,f ...}}
bo
ok
wi
]]rSefyg? onfoli,fyif armifbkef;jrifYjzpfygonf? olYtbdk;rSm vufsm0if;rSL;a[mif;BuD;

jzpfaMumif;yg}}
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
]]Mum;od&oavmuf taygif;toif;rsm;udk PftajrmftjrifeJY jynfhpkHw,fvdkY tpD&ifcHMu

ygw,f? uREkfyf&nfG,fcsufrSmvJ ,ckvdk t&nftcsif;SdwJY vli,frsm;udk &mxl;ay;vdkwJYtwGuf?
tcGefbufqdkif&m t&mSdtjzpf &dumokH;ydmESifYcefYxm;vQif vufcHEdkifr,fvdkY arQmfvifYygw,f ...}}
Co
oefvsif0efrif;onf armifbkef;jrifY\rsufESmudk av;eufaomtrlt&mESifY MunfhSKNyD;aemuf ...

]]ol vufcHvkyfEdkifr,fqdk&if uefYuGufp&mrSdaMumif;yg ...}}
Zarni 86
- 71 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
]]b,fYES,f armifbkef;jrifY? rif; bbbk&m;u oabmwlaeNyD? vufcHvdkufr,fqdk&if aus;Zl;

wif&rSmyJ}}
]]rSefvSyg? ckvdk vcBuD;wJY &mxl;&mcHeJY ,kH,kHMunfMunf csD;jrifYawmfrlonfhtwGuf txl;yif
aus;Zl;wifum 0rf;ajrmufvSygonf/ odkY&mwGif uRefawmfYrSm v,fajrvkyfom;ESifY OD;pD;vkyfudkif&aom
udp? vli,frsm; usef;rmrSKaqmifGufaeMuonfudk tm;ay;vdkaomudprsm;aMumifY? vufcHvdkvsufESifY
0rf;enf;pGm jiif;y,f&rnf jzpfygw,f...}}
]]armifbkef;jrifY tdrfwGif;pD;yGm;a&;udpudk onfhjyifvl vTJvkyf&if jzpfEdkifygw,f? uREfkyf
vTJtyfwJYudp[m BuD;av;aomwm0efeJYrdkY orm"dSdolrsm;ESifYawmf ay;tyfjcif;jzpfayw,f ...}}
]]rSefyg ... vufrcHEdkifvdkY 0rf;enf;ygw,f}}
]]aumif;NyD ... pOf;pm;ygOD;? aemiftcg aemifwr&ygaveJY? vdkcsifolawGuawmY tvGef
rsm;ygw,f? udkif;udkif; ... oGm;EdkifMuNyD ...}}[k cGifYjyKvTwfvdkufav\/
om;tzESpfOD;um; vTwfawmfteD;wGif apmifYaeaom vSnf;,mOfjzifY tdrfodkYjyefcJYMu&m?
oefvsif0efrif;onf armifbkef;jrifYudk av;pm;aomtrlt&mjzifYMunfhSK&if; ...
]]vluav; oabmaygufygYrvm; atmufarYaewm? oabmayguf&JUudk;uGJU ...}}
RI
SK
]]bm oabmraygufp&mSdvJ bb? uRefawmfYudk csD;jrifYcsifvdkYr[kwfbl;? uRefawmf emrnfrcH

ayr,fY? uRefawmfYtBuHPfeJY vli,faygif; ajrmufjrm;pGm pnf;vkH;nDnGwfaewmudk olvQKdrsm;
odMuw,f? wpfaeYaeYrSm uRefawmf acgif;aqmifvdrfYr,fqdkwmvJ &dyfrdMuw,f? 'gYaMumifY
uRefawmfYudk &mxl;eJYtrdzrf;MuwmaygY ...}}
ea
ty
ou
rO
]]cgwdkif; tBudrfrSmqkd&if b,ausmfol&JUpum;udk ae&mwdkif; vdkufavsmavYSdw,f?

onfwpfBudrfrSm b,ausmfoludk ,kHpm;awmfrrlovdk vkyfvkdufjcif;jzifY? bbwdkYom;tzudk vufudkif
jyKvdkaMumif; xifSm;aew,f}}
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
]]ckaetcgrSm uRefawmfYudk odyfNyD; tm;udk;Muw,f bb&JU? jrpHeJY &JabmfwdkYvnf; owd

Sdayr,fY tBuHPfawmY uRefawmfYudk tm;udk;jyK&ufyJ? wu,fvdkYrsm; ylwaubk&ifcH&JUbufu
tkyfcsKyfa&;axmufcHwJYtvkyfudk ulnDNyD;vkyfudkif&if tukef &ifuGJyufvuf jzpfukefSmMuawmYr,f?
rvkyf&ufygbl; bb&,f ...}}
mm
erc
i
al
us
]]om"k om"k ... 'Dvdk oefYSif;wJYpdwfSdrS tzdk;wefwmyJuGJU? ylwaubk&ifcH[mvJ tajrmf

tjrifBuD;ygayw,f ...}}[k ajympOf 0if;aygufodkYa&mufSdvmMuav\/
Co
oefvsif0efrif;\ tdrf0if;aygufum; vl 4-50 cefY pka0;apmifYqdkif;aeMu&m? vSnf;ay:u

qif;vQifqif;csif; tusKd;taMumif;udk ar;jref;Muav\/ 0efrif;ESifY armifbkef;jrifYvnf; ylwau
Zarni 86
- 72 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
bk&ifrif;BuD;u trSKSd qifYac:jcif; r[kwf? wdkifyifp&mudpSd ac:,ljcif;jzpfaMumif;udk ajymqdkaom

tcgusrS? pdwfat;auseyfaom vuPmESifY 'Dvdkqdk aumif;ygav&JU[k ajymqdkum jyefoGm;Muav\/
xdkvlpkxJrS jrpHESifY&Jabmfum; jyefroGm;Muao;bJ armifbkef;jrifYtm; wD;wdk;uyf&yfar;jref;&m?
armifbkef;jrifYvnf; taMumif;pkHajymjyrS omvGefauseyfvsuf tjcm;vkyfief;udprsm;udk qufvuf
ajymqdkaeMuav\/
b,ausmfolum; oefvsif0efa[mif;ESifY om;rufwdkYtm; tqif;wGef;aomfvnf; ratmifjrif
ojzifY tcJraMubJ aecJY&av&m? Sifeef;EG,fuav;tm;vnf; pGJvrf;vGef;tm;BuD;aomaMumifY tl;
uJYodkY jzpfaeav\/
wpfcgwpf&H 4if;\ZeD;rsm;udkyif ]]EG,fEG,f ... EG,fEG,f}}[k a,mif,rf; ac:iifrdojzifY
wdwfwdwfykef; NyKH;rdMuav\/
4if;\pdwfwGif Sifeef;EG,fuav;tm; t&,lzdkY tBuHtpnfravQmYao;/ acsmifonfESifY
wpfNyKdifeuf cdk;,laygif;oif;&ef wynfhrsm;ESifY wdkifyifxm;av\/ t&ufaomuf& aiGaMu;
azmazmoDoD okH;pGJ&aom b,ausmfol\ wynfhuRefrsm;rSmvnf;? q&mcdkif;aporQ toufpGefY
aqmifGufMuolrsm;jzpfojzifY? tu,f Sifeef;EG,fuav;onf armifbkef;jrifYtm; tusKd;taMumif;
ajymqdkxm;ygu? armifbkef;jrifYrSm taygif;toif; oli,fcsif; aygrsm;oljzpfonfhtwGuf? wpfpkHwpf&m
jzpfEdkifzdkY taMumif;rSday/ ,ckrlum; armifbkef;jrifY pdwfraumif;jzpfrnfpdk; zkH;uG,fxm;aomaMumifY?
vpfonfESifYwpfNyKdifeuf rnfuJYodkYjzpfysufrnfudk 4if;udk,fwdkif awG;awmylyefae[ef rwlawmYacs/
RI
SK
armifbkef;jrifYum; ,cktcgwGif wdkif;a&;jynfa&;u ydkrdkta&;BuD;cJYav\/ r[m"r&mZm

bk&ifrif;jrwfonf awmifilbk&iftm; xD;eef;udk wdkufcdkuftEdkif&aomfvnf;? awmifilbk&if\
pnf;pdrfudk rSKwfrcsbJ ay;xm;cJYaomaMumifY? awmifilbk&ifrSm ylwaubk&ifESifY pum; tquf
toG,fSdonf[k Mum;od&aomaMumifYwnf;/
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
tu,f awmifilonf ylwaubk&ifcH\ vufatmufodkY a&mufSdoGm;ygu? [Hom0wDudk

wdkufcdkufodrf;,l&ef cJ,Of;awmYrnf r[kwfacs/ [Hom0wD ukvm;vufxJygygu txufEdkifiH
NrKdUGmrsm;rSm ukvm;vufeufEdkifiHjzpf jrefrmwpfjynfvkH; ukvm;jzpfrnfudk awG;awmylyifvSum?
ukvm;jzLrsm;\ tkyfcsKyfa&;wGif aoG;prf;onfh oabmjzifY taESmifYt,Sufay;&ef enf;vrf;rsm;udk
vli,fwdkYESifY vSnfhvnfwdkifyifvsuf ae&av\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
t0aejynfawmfwGif pdk;pHvsufSdawmfrlaom r[m"r&mZmrif;w&m;BuD;onf tvGefpdwfcs

,kHMunf&aom rif;BuD;oufawmfSnf? ppfbk&ifcsKyf? oHawmfqifYwdkYESifY wifqufvTmwpfapmifudk
pOf;pm;aeMuav\/ oHawmfqifYrif;um; bk&ifrif;jrwf aTem;awmfMum;kHrQ wdk;wdk;zwfMum;vsuf
aeav\/
Zarni 86
- 73 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
]]bk&m;aTbkef;udk cdkvSKHvsuf pkHprf;odSd&orQ oHawmfOD;wifvTmudk Sdcdk;qufoygonf

bk&m;? ,cktcg iZifumonf ylwaubk&ifcHrif;BuD;[k tac:cHvsuf? oefvsife,fwpf0dkuf
ykodrf? ajrmif;jr? '*kef? 'v ponfwdkYudk tkyfpdk;ae&m? qm;csufaoma'orS bk&m;EdkifiHawmfodkY
qm;rydkY&ef ydwfyifvsufSdygonf bk&m;/ [Hom0wDwGif qifwyf jrif;wyfum qm;csufcJY&
ovdk pdk;&drfzG,fjzpfygonf bk&m;/ bk&m;ykxdk;wdkYudkvnf; azmufxGif;zsufqD;aeygonf
bk&m;/ bdk;awmfbk&m; aus;uRef wvdkif;? jrefrm? u&ifvlrsKd;wdkYtm;vnf; rdpm'd|dbmomudk
oGwfoGif;aeygonf bk&m;/
MumvQif ukvm;iZifum\ tvkH;t&if; ykdrdkjrJzdkY&m rsm;ygonfbk&m;? awmifilbk&if
udkvnf; ,kHMunfawmfrrl&ef ta&;BuD;ygonf bk&m;/ Muufdk;yifpm;onf awmifilbk&ifESifY
iZifumwdkY yl;aygif;a&;udk qufoG,faeaMumif; Mum;od&ygonf/ iZifumonf wpfESpf
ESpfESpftwGif; tm;tifjznfhwif;vsuf [Hom0wDudk aS;OD;pGmwdkufrnfh taMumif;udkyg
od&ygonf/ uRefawmf\ om;i,fonf taygif;toif;ESifYjynfhpkH oefvsifwGif twGif;olykef
xrnf BuHpnfae&m? bk&m;cGifYjyKawmfrlvQif wwftm;orQ ulnDvdkaomqESdygonf bk&m;/
iZifumrSm olvQKdrsm;xm;ojzifY owif;pum; Mum;odatmif jyKvkyf&aomta&;rSm at;at;
vG,fvG,f r[kwfyg? toufpGefYaqmifGuf&aMumif; bk&m;odawmfrlygonf bk&m; ...
trwf vuf0Jpnfol}}
ou
rO
RI
SK
]]b,fYES,fvJ om;awmfrsm; ... iZifum&JUEdkifiHudk 0ifzdkY wufzdkY tawmfcJ,Of;ayr,f? vuf0J

pnfol[m crnf;awmfbk&m;vufxufuwnf;u vufkH;&nf? ESvkH;&nfeJY jynfhpkHvdkY igudk,fawmf
jrwf\ wyfrawmfrSm ppfuJBuD;vkyfNyD; tjrJygawmfrlw,f? olYwyfuomjziYf aemufqkwfayguf,dkjcif;
rSdcJYaybl;? ,ck cdkif;awmfrlwJYudprSmvnf; owif;&atmif,lvdkYrdkY aejynfawmfta&muf ay;ydkY
Edkifwmrsm; tvGefyif csD;ajrmufoifYygayw,f ...}}
ok
wi
]]olYtvdkqEtwdkif; armifrif;wdkY b,fvdkoabm&MuovJ ...}}
ll b
ea
ty
]]rSefvSyg ... bkef;awmfuRefjzpfaomaMumifY owdt&nfwl&m uRefaumif;rsm; a&mufSdvm&pjrJ

twdkif; jzpfaMumif;ygbk&m; ...}}
us
eo
ft
his
bo
]]rSefvSyg ... tjyifu rnfrQtm;aumif;aomfvnf; cHwyfvkHu wmSnfckcHEdkifygonf/

twGif;&ef? twGif;olykefSdu tjyif&efxuf pdk;&drf&aomaMumifY? bk&m;tvdkawmfudk rMumrD jynfhpkHawmf
rlrnfjzpfaMumif;yg bk&m;}}
Co
mm
erc
i
al
]]aumif;NyD armifrif; ... pmydkYol jrif;apausmfudk aZmfwysHcsDbGJUESifY aiGokH;ydm oem;ygbd?

udpt00 aqmifGuf&m pdwfcs&efvnf; rSmvdkufygbd ...}}[k rdefYqdkum twGif;aqmifodkY 0ifawmf
rlonf/ trwfBuD;ESifY oHawmfqifYrif;wdkYvnf; jrif;apausmftm; atmufjynfatmufGm\ taMumif;
rsm;udk qufvufar;jref;aeMuav\/
Zarni 86
- 74 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
]]rSefvSyg ... bkef;awmfBuD;bk&m;udk oHawmfOD;rwif0HYom ae&ygonf/ ylwauvlrsKd;wdkY

tiftm;rSm txl;rsm;jym;vsufSdaMumif;yg/ oabFmjynfrSvnf; aSUtvm;tvmudk ajrmfaxmufNyD;vQif
oabFmrsm;? tajrmuf aoewf cJ,rf;rD;ausmufrsm;om ,lqJyg bk&m; ...}}
]]tEdkY armifrif; ... iZifum&JU vufatmufcH wvdkif;jrefrmwdkYrSm iZifum tkyfcsKyfwm auseyf
Mu&JUvm;? ukvm;jzLudk oabmusava&mwJYvm; ...}}
]]tcsKdUrSmvJ iZifumtkyfpdk;ykH[m jrefrmbk&if tkyfpdk;ykHxufaumif;w,fvdkY oabmusaeMu
ygw,f/ tcsKdUrSmvnf; "m;eD;&m aMumufGHUdkaoaeMuaMumif;yg/ tcsKdUrSmvnf; bkef;awmfBuD;bk&m;
csDawmfrlvmrnfudk arQmfvifYaeMuaMumif;yg bk&m; ...}}
]]w,fawmfwJYvlawG armifrif; ... udk,fpGrf;udk,fpeJY 'if;wdkY tkyfcsKyfrcHbl;? tukefaooGm;&if
olYuReftjzpfyif oufomao;w,fvdkY oabmrxm;EdkifMubl;vm; ...}}
]]udk,fa&;udk,fwGufom toufudk iJYnmMuzdkYuawmY cJ,Of;aMumif;ygbk&m; ...}}
]]aoG;aomuf vuf0Jpnfol&JUom; qdkwmuaum ...}}
]]onfvkvifuawmY twGif;Budwf BuHpnfaeqJygyJ? rnfodkY BuHpnfaeaMumif;udk rod&ao;yg
bk&m;}}
]]vGefcJYwJY q,fESpfavmuf uav;tG,f vdkufajy;vmwJY owdudkaxmufq&if aoG;aomuf

vuf0Jpnfol&JU ol&owdrsKd; vmvdrYfr,fxifygY armifrif; ...}}
RI
SK
]]rSefyg ... vli,fwdkif; MunfnKdudk;pm;jcif;rSm owd AswdaMumifYyifjzpfygonf/ t&yftarmif;

rSmvnf; tz ppfuJBuD;xuf vufwpf0g;cefYjrifY t*Fgkyf tvGefaumif;ygonf bk&m; ...}}
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
]]tdrf; ... 'if;wdkYvl&nf Munfh&OD;rSmyJ? aumif;NyD aumif;NyD? armifrif; bGJUykHpmcRefeJY

qkawmfaiGudk vTwfkH;zGifYcsdefrSm toem;awmfjrwfcH&r,f}}[k rdefYqdkNyD;aemuf? jrif;apausmfvnf;
vuf,SufSdcdk;um xGufcGmoGm;av\/
bo
ok
wi
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
aerif;onf aumif;uiftaemufbufydkif;wGif xef;wpfzsm;omomcefY wdrfjzLwdrfnKdrsm;

ajy;vTm;aeonfhtwGif;rS a*g,muRef;odkY ,Gef;awmYrnfh[ef jyifvsufSdav\/ vSKdif;tdBuD;rsm;jziYf
azmif;<uydefcGufaeaom a&jyifwGif tvif;a&mifvufvsuf GufavSrsm;\ rnf;rnf;o@mefudkvnf;
oefvsifbufrS MunfhSKawGUjrifEdkifav\/ xdktcsdef oefvsifNrKdUawmifydkif;wGif ydk;a&mcsnfazmuf
wdkifvsuf? vGef;uav;rsm;udk b,fnmul;um aw;oHuav;MuL;um &ufuef;,ufaeaom touf
16-ESpfcefYSd oli,frysKdwpfOD;udkvnf; jrifawGUEdkifav\/
Zarni 86
- 75 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
xdktcdkufrSmyif &ufuef;,ufaeaom rdef;rysKdSd&modkY touf 17-ESpfcefY rdef;rysKd[k

xif&aom oli,frwpfOD;ESifY tapcHESifYwlaom touf 20-cefY rdef;rysKdwpfOD;wdkY vma&mufMuav\/
&ufuef;,ufaeom oli,frvnf; vGef;rsm;udk vufcwfab;wGif wifcJYum NyKH;csKdaomrsufESmjzifY ...
]]tdk EG,fEG,fwdkYygvm; ... vmMuyg vmMuyg ...}}[k qD;BuKdzdwfac:vsuf tdrfatmufxyf
okH;cef;ayguf uRef;ckwifBuD;\ wpfckaom tpGef;wGif ae&mxdkifcif;csxm;av\/
]]SifjzL&JU ykqdk;u rjywfao;bl;vm;? 'gjywf&if bmqufNyD; ,ufOD;rvJ ...}}
]]csnfacsmawG 0,fxm;wmawmYSdw,f? tJ'gudk zsifcsKyfzdkYvdkY ,uf&OD;r,f ...}}
]]EG,fEG,fvJ wpfaeYurSjywfwJY ykqdk;udk udkbkef;zdkY ykqdk;csKyfay;vdkufawmY udkbkef;[m
odyfoabmuswmyJ/ SifjzLeJY EG,fEG,fwdkYu erlemjyvdkufwm tawmf[efusaew,f/ wcsKdU aMu;aiG
jzKef;EdkifwJY SifarG;vSwdkY Siftkefbl;wdkYawmif &ufuef;udkjyefNyD; *kpdkufaeMu&NyD/ trSefvJ oabFm
jynfu cgomawG? ydk;zvmawG[m tjrifaumif;? tqifaumif;? aMu;xdkuftzdk;wefwmawmY rSefyg&JU/
'gayr,fY tJ'gawGudk SifjzLwdkYawmY rodao;bl;aygY/ EG,fEG,fwdkYawmY cspfolSdwJYtwGuf &nf;pm;
b0eJY aewkef;udku EG,fEG,fudk,fwdkif ydk;rnf;ykqdk;uav;rsm;? csnf0g ydk;eDazmuf ykqdk;rsm; ,ufNyD;
ay;vdkufwJYtcg? udkbkef;[m odyfNyD;oabmuswmyJ/ [dk[mawGu abmfSd&if 0,fay;vdkufkHyJ? bm
cJ,Of;ovJ? udk,fwdkif ,ufay;&wmu tvGef apwemxufoefrS jzpfwmuvm;/ toufESifYzvS,fNyD;
cspfwJYolrsm;[m tvGefav;pm;w,f SifjzL&JU ...}}[k pum;avavQmufajymqdkae&m? SifjzLrSm tcspf\
t&omudk em;rvnfao;&um; vnfwdkifuav; armYvsuf cyfNyKH;NyKH; em;axmifaeav\/
ea
ty
ou
rO
RI
SK
SifjzLESifY Sifeef;EG,fwdkYum; i,fpOfuyif pdwfwloabmwl cspfcifvmMuaom oli,fcsif;rsm;

jzpf\/ Sifeef;EG,f 13-ESpftG,fu armifbkef;jrifYESifY cspfBuKdufaom owif;qdk;udk Mum;&ojzifY
cyfGHUGHUjzpfoGm;zl;&m? aemufwpfzefta&vnf Sifeef;EG,f\ wnfMunfjrifYjrwfaom pdwfESvkH;aMumifY
jyefvnfcifrifcJYjcif;jzpfav\/ cgom? uwDyg? ouvyfwdkYudk trsKd;orD;rsm; aSmifMuOfzdkY aqmifGuf
a&;wGif? pdwfwludk,fwl aqmifGufaeMuojzifYvnf; wdkifyifazmf wdkifyifzufjzpfum? aS;uxufwdk;
wpfrsKd;cspfcif&if;ESD;um aeMujcif;vnf;jzpfav\/
wi
ll b
]]EG,fEG,f? uRefr &zl;wJY &wkwpfyk'fudk qdkjyr,f? em;axmifrvm; ...}}
ft
his
bo
ok
]]tdk ... udkbkef;u &wk uAsm vuFmawG[m wdkif;a&;jynfa&; tcufBuKHwJYtcg rqdk

aumif;bl;wJY}}
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
]]em;axmifprf;ygOD;? EG,fEG,f oabmESpfNcKdufvdrfYr,f? &ufuef;taMumif; pyfxm;wm ...}}[k

avwuf ]]Muifolay;onf? csnfao;ydk;,Suf ...}}[k rqkH;cif EG,fEG,fu NyKH;vsuf ...
Co
]][if ... wjcm;&wk qdkrvm; atmufarYaew,f ...}}[k ajym&if;? 4if;udk,fwdkifrSm SifjzL\

om,maom toHESifYqdkonfudk Mum;vdkao;ojzifY ...
Zarni 86
- 76 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
]]SifjzL tvGwf&aerifYudk; ...}}[k ajymjyefav\/

]]'Dtv,fydk'fuav;awmY oabmusvGef;vdkY EG,fEG,f ayzl;vTmjywkef;u ul;NyD;xm;vdkuf
wmyg? udkbkef;[m &wkawG bmawG rBuKdufayr,fY? ola&;xm;wmuav;awGu rsufpdeJY uGufuGuf
uGif;uGif; jrifvmwmyJaemf ...}}[k tysKdwpfOD;u rdrdcifyGef;onftm; csD;rGrf;onfudk EG,fEG,fonf
txl;auseyfvsuf ...
]]bmrsm; oabmusaewmvJ jzLjzL&JU ...}}
SifjzLonf toHaetoHxm; qGJqGJiifiifESifY ...
]]Muifolay;onf? csnfao;ydk;,Suf? wdkifazmufvsufom;? qef;uGuf0geD? axmifYwef;nD?
ae&DpGef;pGef;? a*g,muRef;odkY? ,Gef;rnfqJqJ? wdrfrsufxJ0,f? ay:uJxdefxdef? tBudrfBudrfwnfh?
vdarmfta&mif? acgif&rf;tyGifY? yrmcsifYaomf? wjziYfESif;Edk;? wlcJYdk;wGif? 0ufodk;tyfpD? vufaG;oDcJY?
cspfnDi,fuRrf;? vuf&mpGrf;vdk? cg;0rf;uspfvpf? qD;ywf&pfvnf;? wpfwpfjrJjrJ? udkifrqGJ0HY?
pdwf&Jrmefvdkuf? atmufydk;ESKdufvnf;? rusKduf&uf&uf? onftcufyif? ydkufzufaxG;,l? arT;MuLMuLjzifY?
MuifoljrwfEdk;? ykqdk;um;? G,fudk;odwfodwf? wHwif;ydwfvnf;? pdwfrcsonf? wmSnfqifvnf;?
tjrifnpfaus;? wufrnfawG;cJY? aTaoG;ESr? zl;pmrQ? b0Muifol? qifwpfrl[k? iif,l&ufuef;?
wpfyifyef;onf? pdwfrSef; csifY&JayGawmYNyD ...}}
ou
rO
RI
SK
]]Munfhprf;yg EG,fEG,f&,f ... udkbkef; a&;xm;wmuav;u? naecif; wdrfawmifwdrfvdyf

rsufESmjyifrSm vdarmfa&mif acgif&rf;tyGifYvdk [yfaewmeJY? EG,fEG,f ,ufay;wJY ykqdk;ta&mifeJY
wljyefowJY/ NyD;awmY EG,fEG,fudk,fwdkif 0ufodk;xdk;csKyfay;xm;wmudk? cg;rSmvJ wif;wif;usyfusyf
r0wf0HYbl;wJY? atmufydk;vJ rusKduf&ufbl;wJY? ykqdk; aMurGukefrSmpdk;vdkYaygYaemf/ wHwif;xnfh
ydwfxm;zdkYvJ pdwfrcsbl;wJY/ ykqdk;uav;udkawmY cspfolvuf&mrdkY ayGUzuferf;SKyfrdao;owJY/
jzLjzLawmif onf&wkudk zwfNyD; wpfrsKd;jzpfrdao;w,f? EG,fEG,f zwfwJYtcgrsm; b,fYES,faervJ}}[k
cyfwnfwnf NyKH;ajymqdkav&m ...
wi
ll b
ea
ty
]]tdk ... 'Dtydk'fxuf tpydk'fu omNyD;aumif;ao;w,f? jrifolai;onf aTaoG;ewfoGif ...

qdkwJY tydk'faygY ...}}[k pum;rqufbJ aeav&m ...
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
]]uRefru tv,fydk'fom ul;rdwmudk;? tJ'D ayzl;vTmudk ay;ygOD;? okH;ydk'fpvkH; ul;yg&apaemf

EG,fEG,f}}[k awmif;av&m? Sifeef;EG,fuav;um; cspfol\&wkudk Mum;&ojzifY? c&D;xGufoGm;aom
cifyGef;onftm; ydkrdk vGrf;qGwfum cPrQ awGa0rdSmav\/
mm
erc
i
al
us
]]'gxuf EG,fEG,f&JU? udkbkef;u c&D;tvGefxGuf&yguvm;? bmawGrsm; vdkufvkyfae&ovJ ...}}
Co
]]rajymwwfygbl; SifjzL&,f? avSoif;udpawG? NyD;awmY arSmf0ef;e,fbufu t&yfawGrSm

SifjzLwdkYvdk vlukHxHtrsKd;orD;awGudk babFmjynfuukefrokH;bJ &ufuef;pifawG ydk*kpdkufzdkY
a[majymaew,f xifyg&JU? wkd;wdk;wdwfwdwf vkyfae&wmyJ ...}}
Zarni 86
- 77 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
]]udkbkef;[m tG,feJYrvdkufbl;? odyfawmfwmyJaemf ... tbuqdk&if odyfNyD;csD;rGrf;wmyJ?

'Duav;[m txG#ftjrwfa&mufOD;rSmwJY? ezl;us,fNyD; em;Gufum;BuD;eJY ajymvdkufwJY pum;oHuvJ
toHvkHNyD; tvGefatmifw,f? trSwfwrJYrsm;ajymvdkuf&if vefYvefYoGm;wJY toHrsKd;[m rkcs Ou|
jzpf&r,fY toHyJwJY ...}}
]]EG,fEG,fwdkY bbbk&m;vJ 'DvdkyJ csD;rGrf;wmyJ? 'gayr,fYav EG,fEG,fYtay:awmY odyfNyD;
MuifemwmyJ}}[k cifyGef;onftm; csD;rGrf;onfudk auseyfpGm axmufcHvdkufav\/
]]tbrSmvJ oltajymaumif;wmeJY wpfaeYu abmf 5-ydm xkwfay;vdkufw,f? armifbkef;
tokH;vdk&m okH;ygwJY? NyD;awmY 'djyif aMu;a&wwfawGqDuvJ wwfEdkifoavmuf 2-ydm 3-ydmpD
ay;MuowJY? 'gawG[m avSawG? jrif;awG 0,fzdkYaqmifxm;wJY aiGawGqdkudk; ...}}
]][kwfw,f SifjzL? tdrfrSmvnf; olydkifypnf;eJY bbbk&m;ydkifwJYypnf;awG wpf0ufausmf
ukefNyD? 'gYaMumifYvJ auseyfcspfcifaeMuwmaygY ...}}
]]wpfaeYu avStavmif;tpm;eJY wGHaw;acsmif;u pkefvmwmudk ylwaubk&ifcHu ar;jref;
ao;w,fqdk? olYbmom avSavSmfwm bmar;p&mSdovJ ...}}
]]tvum; ar;wmyg/ udkbkef; avSoif;awGqDoGm;NyD; tjyefrdk;csKyfawmY bmawGBuHpnfae
ovJ? avSoif;b,favmufzGJUNyD;yvJ? vli,fawG avSoif;rSm 0goemygMu&JUvm;eJY tar;vTwfw,f
xifyg&JU ...}}
RI
SK
]]wpfaeYu bbeJYpum;ajymwkef; uRefr Mum;vdkufrdw,f? ab;vlawG tdrfeD;csif;awGu

ESKwfvkHzdkY ta&;BuD;owJY/ tbvJ pdwfacgif;rmwJY tdrfawGem;rSm pDrHrSjzpfr,fwJY/ 'gawG[m
bmwdkifyifMuwmvJ[if ... EG,fEG,f rodbl;vm; ...}}
ty
ou
rO
]]rod&ygbl; SifjzL&,f ... wpfcgwpfav ar;jref;MunfhwJYtcg ajymoifYwmjzpf&if EG,fEG,f

od&rSmyJwJY/ 'geJYyJ aMomf ... olYudkar;wm rBuKdufbl;xifyg&JUavvdkY tomaevdkuf&wmyJ ...}}
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
]]uRefrudkawmYajymw,f? usef;rmoefpGrf;NyD; a,musfm;yDowJYol? udk,fYtrsKd; udk,fYAk'bmomeJY

udk,fYwdkif;jynf cspfwJYoludk ,l&r,fwJY? tJ'Dvkd *kPfSdNyD; twef;jrifY kyfacsmwJY rdef;uav;awGu
jyKjyifvdkufr,fqdk&if vkvifysKdawG tzdk;wefvmr,fwJY ...}}
us
eo
ft
his
]]oluawmY vkHrysKdawGawGUwdkif; 'Dvdk ajymajymaewmyJ? a[m ... tcsdefawmif vifYoGm;NyD?

r,fr,fbk&m; arQmfaea&mYr,f}}[k 6-tdrfcefYjcm;aom rdrdtdrfodkYjyef&ef ckwifay:rS qif;vdkufav\/
mm
erc
i
al
SifjzLvnf; ckwifay:uqif;um tdrfayguftxd vdkufydkYvsuf? ]]oGm;awmYaemf EG,fEG,f ...}}[k

ESKwfqufpOfwGif? Sifeef;EG,frSm rdNidrf;omudk rdrdaemufuxm; xGufvmcJYav\/
Co

Zarni 86
- 78 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
tcef; (8)
0g;okH;jyefcefY oGm;rdvQif Sifeef;EG,f\aemufrS tGwfueJjrnfoH Mum;&ojzifY vSnfhtMunfh

vdkuf? rdNidrf;omudk vlqdk;ESpfa,mufu csKyfudkifaeonfudkjrifojzifY eD;&mtdrfwpfaqmifwGif;odkY
0ifajy;rnftvkyf? tjcm;vlqdk; 3-a,mufwdkYonf vsifjrefpGmzrf;csKyf? yg;pyf t0wfqdkYvsuf
vSnf;wpfpD;ay:odkYwifNyD; tajy;armif;ESifoGm;av\/ vlqdk;rsm;rSm rsufESmwGif t0wfpnf;xm;onfu
wpfaMumif;? ae0if&Dwa&m arSmifpysKd;NyD wpfaMumif;aMumifY rnfolrnf0g[k rodEdkifbJ kef;uef&if;om
vdkufygoGm;&av\/
tdrfeD;em;csif;wdkYvnf; kef;&if;qefcwf qlnHoHMum;&? xGufajy;vmMuum MunfhSKMuaom
tcg? vJavsmif;aeaom rdNidrf;omudk awGU&ojzifY? BuKd;rsm;udkajzvsuf tusKd;taMumif;udk ar;jref;Mu
avonf/ rdNidrf;omvnf; yg;pyfudk zGifYEdkifvQif zGifYEdkifcsif;? ]]tr,fav; ... udk,fusKd;enf;ygNyD? vkyfMu
ygOD;? EG,fEG,fygoGm;NyD ...}}[k aoG;l;aoG;wef;jzpfoluJYodkY atmf[pfum? oefvsif0efrif;\tdrfodkY
ta&mufajy;av\/
RI
SK
oefvsif0efrif;vnf; taMumif;odonfESifYwpfNyKdifeuf xdyfudkaoG;a&mufum ... ]]igrcHbl;?

b,folYPfvJ? 'Dtaumif jzpf&r,f? tckvdkufr,f tckvdkufr,f ...}}[k jyifqifaecdkuf? tdrfeD;em;csif;
cifrifolvltrsm; a&mufSdvmMuav\/ a,musfm; vli,fvlBuD;wdkYrSm "m;vSHudkifcGifY rSdojzifY 0g;&if;
wkwfrsm;? wlrsm;? ykqdefrsm; awGU&mudkifqGJMuvsuf vlwpf&mausmf pkrdav\/ xkdtxJrS tajrmftjrif
SdolwdkYu oefvsif0efrif;tm; oefvsifNrKdUtwGif; taMumif;BuD;i,fSdvQif rif;vkvifrsm;Sd&mXmeodkY
csufcsif;wdkifwef;&rnf Oya'SdaMumif; owday;MuaomtcgrS owd&vsuf ...
ou
rO
]]a[Y ... tukefrvdkufcJYMueJY? 4-5 a,mufom vdkufcJYMu ...}}[k rif;vkvifrsm;\XmeodkY

vmcJYMuav\/
wi
ll b
ea
ty
oefvsif0efrif;um; a'goBuD;aom trlt&mESifY vkvifacgif;vkyfoltm; wdkif;wef;ajymqdk&m?

vkvifacgif;rSm pdwfrygYwygESifY at;aq;pGmajymqdkaeaomaMumifY? ]]a[Y toufao&if aoyap ...
rcHbl;uG? 'if;tBuHyJ}}[k oefvsifwGJbuf0eftdrfodkY oGm;jyefav\/ ]
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
]]0efrif; ... 0efrif;}}[k 0if;aygufu ac:vdkufvQif? b,ausmfolonf uRef,kHrsm;tm; rD;SL;

wdkifudk apudkifvsuf xGufvmum? ]]tdk 0efrif;BuD;ygvm;? b,fYES,fjzpfvmovJ}}[k qD;BuKdar;aom
tcg? oefvsif0efrif;rSm tuJcwf&if; ...
mm
erc
i
al
us
]]usKyforD; vlqdk;awGcdk;oGm;vdkY rif;vkvifacgif;rsm;udk wdkifw,f ... *krpdkufbl;? usKyfwdkY

bmom Sm&awmYrSmyJ}}[k ajymav&m ...
Co
]]tdk ... w,frdkufwJYaumifawG? csufcsif; ta&;,lygapYr,f? ukd,fwdkifvJ SmawmfrlMuyg?

uav;rav;ES,f w,fuHqdk;wmudk; ...}}[k nnf;wGm;vdkufav\/
Zarni 86
- 79 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
oefvsif0efrif;rSm tpyxru b,ausmfoltm; pGyfpGJrdav&m? b,ausmfoludk,fwdkif

at;at;aq;aq; aÈ&& awGUjrif&aomtcg rnfol\vufcsuf[k rawG;wwfatmif jzpf
aeav\/ armifbkef;jrifYvnf; rSdojzifY rnfodkYrnfykH vdkufvHSmazG&rnfudk pOf;pm;awG;awmae&m?
aemufqkH;wGif vSnf;rsm;toGm;tvmudk vlcGJpkHaxmuf&ef tBuH&ojziYf vlwpf&mcefYudk 2-a,muf
wpfwGJ? 3-a,muf wpfwGJ nwGif;csif; apvTwfvdkufav\/ odkY&mwGif oef;,drf;tcsdef eD;onfh
wdkifatmif owif;tpter QrMum;&ojzifY rSKdifawGcsum ikwfwkwfxdkif ae&Smav\/
Sifeef;EG,fuav;rSmum; kef;&if;uef&if;yif vSnf;wpfwef? avSwpfwefjzifY ygoGm;&Sm&m?
oef;acgiftcsdefwGif awmwGif;wpfae&modkY a&mufSdav\/ b,ft&yf b,fa'oudk a&mufonfrod?
armyef;vSonfvnf; wpfaMumif; NidrfoufpGmaeav&m? opfyifBuD;rsm;udk avcwfvsuf qnf;vnf;oH
rsm;udk oJYoJYrQMum;&aomtcgrS av;ql"mwfykH aTwd*kH awmifapmif;? qifajcavsm opfawmBuD;wGif
a&mufSdaeaMumif;od&av\/ (xdkpOftcgu aTwd*kHukef;awmfywfvnfwGif awmtwdjzpfvsuf?
om;aumifrsm; xlxyfaomae&mjzpf\/ 1264-ckESpfyif usm;wpfaumif tqdkygawmxJrS apwDay:odkY
wufa&mufzl;ao;\/)
vlqdk;rsm;um; Sifeef;EG,fuav;tm; wkwfxm;aomBuKd;rsm;udk ajzum? toifYygvmaom
zsmESifY tkef;0ef;wpfckcH *Grf;xdk;apmifwpfxnfudkay;vsuf 4if;wdkYrSm ab;odkY 0dkif;xdkifaeMu\/ vlqdk;
wpfa,mufum; opfGufa[mif;rsm;udk rD;cwfausmufjzifY rD;ndrSKwfSKdUav&m? rMumrD rD;awmufrsm;
xGufay:vmcJYav\/ vlqdk; 5OD;rQjzpf&m? xdkae&mwGif 4if;wdkY\rsufESmrsm;udk rzkH;uG,fawmYbJ?
at;aq;aomtrlt&mESifY tuJcwf MunfhSKaeMuav\/ Sifeef;EG,fum; tarmajy tm;tif
jynfhwif;onfESifYwpfNyKdifeuf ae&mrS xajy;rnfvkyf&m? vlqdk;rsm;onf aSUu wm;qD;Mu\/
RI
SK
]]vkHrav; rajy;eJY? ajy;&if rvGwfbl;aemf? NyD;awmY 'DawmrSm usm;awGSdw,f? 'dkYudkMunfh ...

'DaoewfawG "m;awG[m vludk aMumufvdkY r[kwfbl;? awmaumifudk aMumufvdkY ...}}
ou
rO
]]awmaumifudkufNyD; taocHr,f? SifwdkYvufxJ raebl;? SifwdkY bmjyKvdkY uRefrudk rw&m;

ac:vm&ovJ}}[k wif;rmaomtrlt&mESifY &efawGUav&m ...
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
]]ac:wJYtaMumif; eufjzef odvdrfYraygY? uaeYn at;at;csrf;csrf;tdyfyg? b,folrS

vkHrav;udk vufzsm;eJY xd0HYMur,f r[kwfbl; ...}}[k tBuD;tuJvkyfolu ajymaomtcg?
Sifeef;EG,frSm ajy;vnf; wu,fvGwfrnf r[kwfaMumif;udk od&ojzifY? zsmay:wGif udk,fuav;udk
ypfvSJum ... ]]udkbkef;a& ... EG,fEG,fYtjzpfudk MunfhvSnfhygOD;? om;ypf r,m;ypf c&D;oGm;wJYolrdkY
udk,fYr,m; 'kua&mufa&maygY}}[k vSKdufvSKdufvSJvSJidka<u;vdkuf&m? vlqdk;rsm;yif oem;aomtrlt&modkY
ajymif;vJvmMuav\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
Sifeef;EG,fum; cspfolESifYa0; ab;&ef rnfuJYodkYawGUrnfrod? rcsdwifuJ 0rf;enf;yufvuf

jzpfum? ckaecg udkbkef;rsm; jyefvm&if ZeD;onfudk rawGUvkYd a'gif;awmufatmif SmazGaeSma&mYr,f?
[dkajy;onfvTm;eJY r,m;cspfwJYaZmaMumifY aomu tvGefa&mufSmawmYr,f[k awG;rdaomtcg?
rsuf&nfrqnfEdkifavmufatmif jzpf&Smav\/
Zarni 86
- 80 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
ab;&efawGU uGJuGm&aomaMumifY aemufaemufu MuifemcspfcifpGm aexdkifcJYykHwdkYrSm ydkrdk

owd&apvsuf? udkbkef;a& ... aouGJruGJ? SifuGJjzifY uGJMuaygY[k Budwfidk&if; axGaxG&m&m pOf;pm;
tcsdefukefav&m? MuufOD;wGefomom tcsdefusrS tdyfaysmfoGm;Smav\/ vlqdk;rsm;um; Sifeef;EG,f
uav;tm; bmrQrajym? xGufrajy;atmifom 2-a,mufwpfvSnfh 3-a,mufwpfvSnfh tdyfMuvsuf?
rD;zdkrsm;ESifY apmifYaeMuav&m? jrifYrm;aom opfyifrsm;Mum;rS tvif;a&mifudk jrif&onfESifY
wpfNyKdifeuf ]]a[Y xMu xMu? tkPfusif;NyD}}[k ajymqdkvsufSdMuav\/
xdktcdkuf Sifeef;EG,fuav;vnf; kwfueJ tdyf&mrSxum xdkifvdkufav&m? vlqdk;
wpfa,mufu 0g;usnfawmufwpfckESifY a&rsm;xkwfay;ojzifY rsufESmopf&Smav\/ wpfnvkH; idk&
aomaMumifY rsufvkH;rsm;rdkYvsuf tdyfa&;r0aom rsufvkH;tdrfrsm;rSm usdef;pyfvsufaeSmav\/ rsufESm
opfNyD;aemuf aTwd*kHbk&m;BuD;odkY &nfrSef;um OD;csSdcdk; ig;yg;oDvudk cH,lav\/ xdkYaemuf y&dwf?
arwmokwfrsm;udk GwfqdkNyD;vQif ...
RI
SK
]]bk&m;wynfhawmfonf i,fpOfawmifaus; tuav;tG,fuwnf;u o&P*kHwnfjrJvsuf

ig;yg;oDvudk vkHNcKHpGm apmifYxdef;cJYygonfbk&m;? bk&m;wynfhawmfr\ cifyGef;onf udkbkef;
onfvnf; olwpfxl;udk rw&m;ojzifY rnfonfhtcgrQ rjyKcJYyg? onftwdkif;rSefvQif bk&m;
wynfhawmfr\ 0#f'kuudk vGwfajrmufatmif u,frawmfrlyg bk&m; ...}}[k OD;cs tqkH;wGif?
zcifBuD;rSm pdwfu cyfBuD;BuD;rdkY wdkifeJYacgif;eJYdkufNyD; ylaqG;'kua&mufSmrnf/ rdcifBuD;rSm wpfOD;
wnf;aom orD;uav;twGuf tl;rBuD;vdk jzpfaeSmawmYrnf/ cifyGef;onf udkbkef;rSm ZeD;udk
rawGUojzifY ajrmarYatmif 'kua&mufMu&rnfhta&;udk awG;awmrdaomtcg? ]]tdk tdk bbbk&m;&JU?
orD; 'DrSm Sdw,fvdkY odawmfrrlMubl;vm;}}[k toHxGuf idka<u;vdkuf&m? vlqdk;wpfa,mufrSm
rsuf&nfrsm; 0dkif;vmatmif oem;ae[efwlav\/ odkY&mwGif 4ifwdkYrSm aponfhuRef? xGefonfhEGm;
uJYodkY wpfyg;uRefjzpf&um;? rnfodkYrQrwwfEdkifbJ rsufESmvTJum? Sifeef;EG,f xGufrajy;&efudkom
t&dyftajcMunfh aeMu&av\/
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
txufopfyifudkif;rsm;tMum;rS tvif;a&mifonf wpfpwpfp ydkrdkawmufyvmav&m?

opfawmtwGif;Sd vSKyfSm;aeonfht&mudk vlrsm;onf xifxifSm;Sm;jrifawGU&av\/ xdktcdkuf
cyfvSrf;vSrf;rS uif;ykef;xm;aom vlqdk;wpfa,muf\ tcsufay;oHudkMum;&ojzifY? vlqdk;
4-a,mufonf aoewfrsm;udk aumuf,lMuav\/
his
bo
ok
wi
EG,fEG,fonf vlqdk;rsm;tvpf xGufajy;av&m? 0g;wpfdkufcefYwGif jyefrdvsuf ]]rajy;ygeJY

vkHrav;? rvGwfEdkifygbl;}}
al
us
eo
ft
[k ajymqkdoHudkMum;&av\/ uif;ykef;xm;oluvnf; tcsufwpfcgay;jyef&m? vlqdkrsm;onf

aoewfrsm;udkcsvsuf
Co
mm
erc
i
rwfwwf&yfaeMupOf? uif;orm;rsm;aemufrS b,ausmfolESifY aemufygaoewfudkifESpfOD;

csKHEG,fopfudkif; um&Hxm;onfh txJodkY a&mufSdvmav\/ b,ausmfolu tcsufjyvdkufonfESifY
Zarni 86
- 81 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
wpfNyKdifeuf? vlqdk;tm;vkH; xGufcGmoGm;Muav&m? b,ausmfolrSm ESKwfcrf;arG;udk vufwpfzufu

oyf&if; ...
]]b,fYES,f vkHruav;? nu aumif;aumif;tdyfaysmfygp ...}}[k ar;jref;um NyKH;NyKH;BuD;
MunfhSKae&m? Sifeef;EG,fonf xdktcgusrS b,ausmfol\tBuHPfudk em;vnfawmYojzifY?
rsufESmudk wif;EdkiforQ wif;rmpGmxm;vsuf ...
]]'g awmYftBuHaygY? w,fawmfwJY vl,kwfrm? 'DvdkeJYr&bl; ...}}[k ajymajymqdkqdk xGufajy;rnf
tvkyf? b,ausmfolonf vsifjrefpGm zrf;udkifvkdufNyD;aemuf ... ]]rajy;ygeJY vkHruav;? rvGwfEdkif
ygbl; ...}}[k ajymqdkumaeav\/
Sifeef;EG,fvnf; b,ausmfol vufxJrS udk,fudkaqmifYkef;um tBuH,laecdkuf ...
]]usKyfrSm oef;acgifausmf tcsdefuwnf;u oefvsifu rtdyfrae vmcJY&ygw,f? EG,fEG,fYudk
cspfwYJaZmeJY b,favmufpGefYpm;&w,fqdkwm MunfhygOD; ...}}
]]awmfYxuf,kwfrmwm ZrLrSm rSdbl;? uRefrrSm umrydkifvifeJY? aS;u olaX;om;
4-a,mufvdkjzpfrSm raMumufbl;vm;? awmYfudk b,fawmYrS rBuKdufbl;? taocHr,fodvm; ...}}[k
Budrf;0g;aomfvnf;? ta&;rvkyfonfh trlt&mESifY ...
RI
SK
]]vl,kwfrm xifxif xifygawmY EG,fEG,f? aS;u od0&mZfrif;BuD;[m olYppfolBuD;&JU

Muif,mrSef; od&ufeJY pGJvrf;ykH? aumovrif;BuD; jyom'fr,fudk pGJvrf;ykHwdkYudk Mum;zl;&if? usKyf
pGJvrf;cspfcifwm vGefvGef;r,f rxifygbl;uG,f vkHr&,f ...}}
]][dku bk&m;avmif; ... awmfu bmavmif;vJ? uRefrudk jyefydkY? rydkY&ifvJ owfypf? toufeJY
Sdwkef;awmY wpfoufr&bl;rSwf ...}}
ea
ty
ou
rO
]]t[kwfyg vkHruav; ... vkHruav; aTarwmrQr,fqdk&if? tdrfuaumifrawG tukefvkH;

armif;csvdkufygYr,f? aTwd*kHudk,fawmfBuD; pl;&ygapYuG,f ...}}
bo
ok
wi
ll b
Sifeef;EG,fum; em;uav;ESpfzufudk ydwfxm;vsufu xGufaygufudkom MunfhaeavojzifY?

tEkESifYr&rSef;odaom b,ausmfolonf rsufESmxm;wpfrsKd;wif;vsuf ...
ft
his
]]udkif; ... eifYudk tEkeJY&rvm; ajymaewm? r&&if tMurf;ukdif&vdrfYr,f ...}}
al
us
eo
]]owfypfvdkuf ... ckowfvdkuf? 'Dvdk rsKd;zsufvl,kwfrmeJY raygif;bl; ao0HYw,f ...}}
Co
mm
erc
i
]]rowfbl; ... rowfbJeJY ig&atmifBuHr,f ...}}[k twif;qGJav&m? Sifeef;EG,fuav;rSm

tm;SdorQ kef;uefaeav\/ b,ausmfol\ nmbufvufarmif;onf Sifeef;EG,f\vnfyif;udk
&pfywfrdav&m? Sifeef;EG,fonf tm;ukefudkufcJojzifY? b,ausmfol\ vufarmif;rS aoG;rsm; ,dkpD;
Zarni 86
- 82 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
usav\/ b,ausmfolvnf; tom;xdojzifY rdef;rom;uav;[k rnmwmyJ vnfrsKdudknpfvdkuf&m?

tm;EGJUaom rdef;uav;rSm yufvufuav;vefum aysmYacGusoGm;Smav\/
b,ausmfolvnf; rdrdtBuHatmifNyD[k wd&pmefESifYrjcm; oem;zG,fjzpfysufaeaom rdef;uav;
ay:rS cGpD;um umrarSmif 0ifcdkuf? Sifeef;EG,fuav;vnf; owd&vmjyefojzifY? twif;uefaMumuf
kef;z,f aeSmav\/ odkY&mwGif tm;csif;rrQojzifY atmufrS tarmqdkuf? yifYoufSLum &ifuav;
wckefckefESifY aeSmav&m? b,ausmfolum; om;aumifawGUaom okeuyrm? rkef,dkaompdwfjzifY
tay:rS Avum,jyKrnf[k ykqdk;p jyifumaecdkuf? csKHxJrS rarQmfvifYaom touf 20-cefY rdef;uav;
wpfa,muf ay:aygufvmav\/ xdkrdef;uav;um; rsufvkH;uRwfxGufrwwf jyL;us,fpGm pl;pdkuf
MunfhSK&if;? b,ausmfol\ ausmukef;udk "m;ajrmifwpfvufjzifY csdefG,fxm;av\/
tqdkyg rdef;uav;um; b,ausmfol\ ZeD;rsm;wGif tygt0ifjzpfaom u&iftrsKd;orD;
uav; jzpfav\/
nOfhOD;,Hu b,ausmfolESifY uRef,kHrsm; wdkifyifonfudk acsmif;ajrmif;em;axmif&mrS
taMumif;udk odojzifY aemufa,mifcH vdkufygvmjcif;jzpfav\/ odkY&mwGif a,musfm;ajcvSrf;udk
rDatmif rvdkufEdkifaomaMumifY wpfaMumif;? b,ausmfol\ uRef,kHrsm; rjrifatmifykef;uG,f&onf
wpfaMumif;rsm;aMumifY tcsdeftenf;i,f aemufusav&m? b,ausmfolESifY Sifeef;EG,f pum;ajymae
MupOf a&mufSdvmjcif;jzpfavonf/ odkY&mwGif xdktcsdefu 0ifrdvQif b,ausmfol\ ab;&efudk pdk;&drf
&ojzifY ,ckuJYodkY aSUavmwBuD;ESifY wPSmrmefrJaecdkuf? toHrMum;atmif 0ifcJYjcif; jzpfav\/
ou
rO
RI
SK
b,ausmfolum; rdrdydkifNyD[kxif BuKd;pm;aomfvnf;? atmufu wwftm;orQ kef;uef

aomaMumifY tBuHtxrajrmufao;bJSd&m? u&ifrav;rSm udkifxm;aom "m;ajrmifjzifY b,ausmfol\
ausmudk tm;ukef ajrmuf tpdkufvdkuf? &dyfueJjrifrdaom b,ausmfolonf ab;odkYaSmifwdrf;um
vufjyefcwf zrf;vdkufojzifY? u&ifrav; "m;udkifxm;aom vufudk qkyfudkifrdav\/ 4if;\
oefrmaomvufBuD;jzifY vdrfcsKd;vdkuf&m wAspfAspfjrnfvsuf "m;vGwfusoGm;onfudk aumuf,l
NyD;vQif ...
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
]][JY trsKd;,kwfr ... eif bmvdkYvdkufvm&wmvJ [if ...}}[k tpdrf;vdkuf0g;pm;rnfh rsufESm

rsKd;jzifY rD;awmufrwwf MunfhSKav&m? u&ifrav;rSm vufuvnf;emusifvSaomaMumifY a'go
xGufvGef;vSojzifY? b,fvufjzifY b,ausmfol\yg;udk vSrf;ykwf&if; ...
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
]][JY acG;rsKd;? eifYxuf,kwfwm eifyJSdw,f? igYudkvJ eif'Dvdk twif;vkyfNyD;awmY igYudk

wpfESpfavmuf aygif;NyD; awGUu&m eifvdkufaewmyJ ...}}[k a&Gwfav&m? b,ausmfolrSm tvGef
a'goxGufcdkufjzpfojzifY? vufxJSd "m;ajrmifjzifY xdk;vdkufav\/ u&ifrav;um; trdk;a&[k
wpfcGef;om atmfNyD; vJusoGm;Smav\/
Zarni 86
- 83 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
]]owfvdkuf ...tJ'D"m;ajrmifeJY xdk;vdkufygvm; ...}}[k kef;uefaeaomfvnf;? b,ausmfolrSm

usm;ydefcJ cJvsuf? twif;zufvSJae&m? uGrf;wpf,mnuf rMumcifyif Sifeef;EG,frSm yufvufvefum
usoGm;Smjyefav\/
b,ausmfolvnf; "m;ajrmifudk ab;odkYcsum pm;awmfac:rnftvkyf? ausmufcJBuD;
wpfvkH;onf b,ausmfol\ OD;acgif;udk xdrSefNyD;aemuf? aSUodkYxdk; vJusoGm;av\/ xdktcdkuf
touf 40-ausmfcefY vlBuD;wpfa,mufonf Sifeef;EG,fuav;tm; ayGU,lvsuf twif;xGufajy;&m?
cJrSefoHMum; tajy;vmMuaom b,ausmfol\ uRef,kHrsm;rSm &if0rS aoG;tdkifvsufSdaom u&if
rav;ESifY OD;acgif;jyJvJum ajrmarYaeaom rdrdwdkYocifudk jrif&ojzifY? wpfa,mufu ayGU,lpOf?
usefajcmufa,mufrSm awmwGif;odkY rSef;qum aoewfoH w'dkif;'dkif;jrnfatmif vdkufvHypfcwf
aeMuav\/
4if;wdkYrSm tcsdef uGrf;wpf,mnufcefYrQ aemufusav&m? Sifeef;EG,ftm; u,f,lol b,fqD
ajy;onf[k rodvdkufbJ Sd&av\/ odkY&mwGif vloGm;Edkif&m awmifapmif; opfyifBuD;rsm;ab;rS
SmazGvsufSdMu&m? cRifueJ toHMum;&NyD;aemuf aSUqkH;vlwpfa,mufrSm vSHxkwfcsif;cwf &ifwGif
pdkufvsuf vJusojzifY weYf&yfaepOf? aemufwpfzef vSHBuD;wpfpif;rSm opfyifwpfyifwGif wpfrdkufcefY
vSHoGm;jrKyfatmif pdkufvmjyefaomtcg? tm;tiftvGefBuD;ol jzpf&rnf[k aoewfESifY &rf;q ypfcwf
NyD;vQif? aemufqkwf jyefMuav\/
aTwd*kHukef;awmf\ &mxkaxmifYopfawmrsm;twGif; opfyifjrifYay:rS wpfyifysHul; wpfyifwGif
jrL;vsufSdMuaom aus;iSufwdkYonf 4if;wdkY\atmufrS xl;qef;pGm ajy;vTm;aeaom vlom;ESpfOD;udk
MunfhSKaeMuav\/
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
RI
SK
vlBuD;um; rdef;rysKduav;tm; ykckH;xufwGif wifvsuf cyfokwfokwfoGm;vsufSdav&m?

b,fvufwGifvnf; aoewf? vSHSif? av;jrm;? vG,ftdwfwdkYESifY SKyfayGaeav\/ ab;&ef
vkHNcKHavmufNyD xif&aomae&modkY a&mufaomtcg? ykckH;xufrS rdef;uav;udkcsvsuf? a&bl;awmif;rS
a&jzifY qGwfzsef; OD;acgif;udk vSKyfvdkuf&m rdef;uav;\rsufvkH;onf wjznf;jznf; yGifYvmav\/
rdef;uav;onf owd&onfESifYwpfNyKdifeuf &if0wfavsmusonfudk uysmu,m 0wfwJYum
]]tr,fav; taz&JU ... jrif0HYao;&JUvm; ...}}[k ykckH;udk zuf idka<u;Smav\/
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
]]vkHruav; wdwfwdwf ... ridkygeJYuG,f? tazeJY awGUNyDyJ[m/ tdrfay:rSm taz xrf;ydk;eJY

dkufxm;cJYuwnf;u 'DtaumifY&ef rat;ao;bl;vdkY awG;rdom;/ 'gayr,Yf aoG;aomufrSm ajcG&Hoif;
rsm;wJYolrdkY pdwfcscJYw,f/ jzpfykHajymprf;ygOD;uGJU ...}}[k ar;jref;av&m? Sifeef;EG,fonf SifjzLwdkYtdrf
oGm;&mrSp tjzpftysufudk jyefvSefajymqdkaeav\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
]]tdrf; uHaumif;vdkY tazeJYawGUwm? aemufudk rdef;rom;csnf; b,frSrxGufeJYaemf? 'Dae&m[m

taz ykef;atmif;NyD; wpfcgwpfcgrS oefvsifbuf penf;emvm&w,f? NyD;awmY 'Dae&mrSm tazwdkY
tokH;cszdkYvJ pOf;pm;xm;vdkY ae&m'vpyf usm;raMumuf ajrGrGHU vSnfhae&wmaMumifY? orD;udk u,fEdkif
wmyJ ...}}
Zarni 86
- 84 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
]]tazu udkbkef;rodapeJYOD;vdkY wpfaeYu ydwfxm;cJYvdkY ukdbkef;udk rajymrdwmeJY ckvdkjzpf&wm?

udkbkef;od&if olYoli,fcsif;awG tapmifYxm;cJYrSmyJ taz&JU ...}}
]][dkwkef;uawmY taz oefvsifrSmSdrSef; olod&if? olYtarudk taMumif;Mum;rSmaMumifYuGJU/
tazvnf; ESpfaygif; 20-awmif uGJaewm ... awGUcsifom;aygY/ 'gayr,fY 'Dxuf ta&;BuD;wJY udp
awGaMumifY rawGUvdkjcif; jzpfw,f/ armifbkef;od&if aerSmr[kwfbl;/ ckawmY olYudk wpfenf;enf;
awGUatmif BuKd;pm;&awmYr,f ...}}
]]tazvm&if uRefrwdkYtdrf vkHNcKHygw,f? bbbk&m;eJY awGU&if odyf0rf;omrSmyJ ...}}
]]rawGUcsifao;bl;uG,f ... ta0;u kyfzsufNyD; orD;wdkYtdrfem;vJ a&mufyg&JU ... SifjrwfvS
udkvnf; jrif&yg&JU? tazYpdwfudk renf;csKyfwD;xm;&w,f ...}}[k ajym&mu? Sifeef;EG,fuav;\
udk,fvkH;udk,fayguf acsmarmvSyykHudk tvGefqdwfNidrfaomawmxJwGif ESpfudk,fwnf; awGUBuKH&&m?
vlBuD;rSm ]]igYom;rdef;r ... igYorD;ESifY rjcm;bl;? ig bmaMumifY pdwfrdkuf&ovJ ...}}[k twGif;Budwf
tjypfwif[efwlvsuf? Sifeef;EG,f rjrifcdkuf 4if;\ vufarmif;udk pyg;vkH;waxmufcefY eufatmif
"m;ajrmifYESifY xdk;vdkufav\/
vufarmif;emoGm;ojzifY tmkHajymif;oGm;rS vufudk ESdyfaepOf? Sifeef;EG,frSm uav;
trlt&mjzifY ]]tdk? aoG;awGeJY bmjzpfwmvJ ...}}[k jymjymovJ ar;av&m? ]]orD; csDydk;vmwkef;u
opfudkif;NidwJYae&mu aoG;jyefxGufvdkY ...}}[k vSD;vTJajymqdkvkdufav\/ xdkYaemuf acR;rjzpfol
qmrGwfrnfudk pOf;pm;rdojzifY? vG,ftdwfxJrS trJuifudk xkwfum ]]udkif; orD;? 'gyJ pm;p&mSdw,f}}
[k xkwfay;av&m? Sifeef;EG,frSm trJuiftwkH;rsm;udk NrdefSufpGm pm;aomufaeav\/
ou
rO
RI
SK
]]aexef;wpfzsm;avmuf SdvmNyD ... 'DawmY [dktaumifY&ef pdwfrcs&ao;bl; orD;? 'Dtcsdef

pxGufNyD; 'vzufu vSnfh0if&r,f? qdyfurf;rSm avSrsm;Sdwwfyg&JU? pm; pm; ...}}[k ajymqdkNyD;
vufarmif;rS temudk ESdyfaeavownf;/
ea
ty
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
xdkaeYeHeufyif armifbkef;jrifYonf e,fxGuftvkyfvkyf&mrS jyefvnfqdkufa&mufvmav\/

a&mufvQifa&mufcsif; tdrfay:odkY tajy;uav; tdrfay:odkYwufoGm;&m? wdkifwpfwdkifudkrSD tdyfidkuf
vsufSdaom 0efrif;ESifY apmif;apmif;uav;xdkifum idka<u;aeaom a,murBuD;udk jrif&av&m?
&ifxJwGif xdwfueJjzpfoGm;rdav\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
rdrdonf rnfrQaMumufzG,faumif;aom &efolESifYawGUapumrl &ifzdkzl;onfrSdbJ? ,ckuJYodkY

0rf;enf;zG,fawGUrS xdwfueJjzpf&onfudk rausrcsrf;jzpfum pdwfudkwif;&if; ]]bb ... r,fr,f}}[k
ac:vdkuf&m ...
Zarni 86
- 85 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
]]armifbkef; ... vluav;a&? rif;ESr rSdawmYbl;uGJU ...}}[k toHxGuf idka<u;Smav&m?

armifbkef;jrifYrSm rwfwwfu rvJ&ef renf;owdxm;vsuf ...
]]b,frvJ ... olb,frvJ? oN*K[fNyD;Muyvm;? b,fvdka&m*gvJ ...}}[k tajy;xGufoGm;&m?
rdrdtcef;wGif Sifeef;EG,fudkrawGU&aomtcg? &ifxJwGif ylavmifvsuf ]]jrefvScsnfvm; r,fr,f&JU ...
bmjzpfwmvJ}}[k idkoHygBuD;ESifY xyfwvJvJ ar;jref;aeavawmY\/
0efuawmfBuD;vnf; armifbkef;jrifY t"dyg,faumufvGJaerSef; odojzifY ]]toufaovdkY rSdwm
r[kwfbl;uGJU ... raeYnu vlqdk;awG cdk;oGm;vdkY ...}}[k tjzpftysufudk ajymav&m ...
]]awmuf ... dkif;vdkufav r,fr,f&,f uRefawmfSd&if 'Dvdkrjzpf&bl;? nu rSmMubl;vm;?
vlawG 'Davmufrsm;&ufeJY bmvkyfaeMuwmvJ? ylwaubk&if&JU rif;vkvifawGuaum olwdkYwm0ef
twdkif; raqmifGufMubl;vm; ...}}
]]b,fvdkvlqdk;awGcdk;w,fvdkY wpfnOfhvkH; pkHprf;ayr,fY rod&bl;uGJU? wGJbuf0ef b,
ausmfolvJ nwGif;csif; rif;vkvifawGeJY vdkufvkHpkHaxmufay;Smw,fvdkY Mum;w,f ...}}[k Mum;orQudk
ajymjyav&m? oefvsif0efrif;onf aigufueJ acgif;axmifEdk;vmum? ]]vluav; a&mufyvm;?
rajymeJYawmYuG,f ... uHqdk;csifawmY wkwfpHwdkYtdrf tvnfoGm;NyD; ae0ifNzKd;jzrS jyefvmowJY?
b,faedk;vm; ... 'if;wdkYod&if bb toufaoayYap? "m;eJYpDrHr,f}}[k Budrf;0g;aeav\/
RI
SK
armifbkef;jrifYonf tl;yrm tdrfay:wGif [dkavQmufoGm;'DavQmufoGm;ESifY nnf;wGm;qljrnf

ae&mu rdNidrf;omtm; jrpHESifY &Jabmfudk tjrefvm&ef tac:cdkif;vdkufav\/ jrpHESifY &Jabmfvnf;
rdNidrf;om jyefra&mufcif t&ifa&mufvmMu&m? armifbkef;jrifYu ...
ty
ou
rO
]]udkif; oli,fcsif;wdkY? tyljzifY awGUMuNyD? oli,fcsif;wdkY ulnDrSjzpfawmYr,f ...}}[k tusKd;

taMumif;udk ajymqdkav&m? oli,fcsif;ESpfa,mufrSm yifYoufSLum 0rf;enf;aomtrlt&mjzifY ...]]udkif;
'dkY jrif;awG avSawG xm;wm bmvkyfzdkYvJ? ckcsufcsif; vlcGJNyD; pkHaxmufr,f? b,fenf;eJYrqdk od&raygY?
oli,fcsif; pdwfat;atmifaomae}}[k ESpfOD;om; vsifjrefpGm xGufcGmoGm;Muav\/
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
armifbkef;jrifYum; a,murrsm;ESifY pum;wmSnfrajymEdkifbJ rdrdtcef;odkY 0ifa&mufum?

Sifeef;EG,f\ t0wftpm;rsm;udk MunfhSKav\/ wHwif;xJwGif odrf;xm;aom om;arG;tus?
urvmNcKHxnfwdkYrSm qDarT;eHjzifY woif;oif;jzpfav&m? ]]tkd EG,fEG,f&JU ... uHqdk;avjcif;uG,f?
udkbkef;Sd&if 'Dvdkrjzpf&bl; ...}}[k toHxGufatmif nnf;wGm;rdav\/ wpfzef EG,fEG,fudk,fwdkif
&nf;pm;b0u &ufvkyfay;xm;aom csnf0g ydk;eDazmufvsuf uGufpdyfykqdk;udk xkwf,lum &ifcGif
ayGUxm;av\/ xdkaeY EG,fEG,f\ vuf&m[lorQonf armifbkef;jrifY\ tvGrf;taqG;udk ESKd;aqmf
ay;ouJYodkY jzpf&um;? tvGefpdwfcdkifaom vkvifwpfOD;yif jzpfvifYupm; rsuf&nfrsm;vnf
vmSmav\/
Co
c&D;uvnf;yef;aomaMumifY pdwfnpfnpfESifY anmifapmif;ay: vJavsmif;vdkuf&m rMumrD

tdyfaysmfoGm;av\/ nae aexef;wpfzsm;cefYrS tdyf&mu Edk;avvQif? vlcGJvTwfxm;aom vkvif
Zarni 86
- 86 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
tcsKdUwdkY jyefa&mufvmMu owif; tpterQ rMum;&aMumif; ajymqdkMu&m? &ifxJwGif [m

oGm;av\/ xrif;tdk;wpfvkH;csufcefY Mumaomtcg jrpHESifY &Jabmf oli,fcsif;ESpfOD;wdkYvnf;
a&mufSdvmjyefav\/ armifbkef;jrifYum; odcsifaZmjzifY ...
]]b,fYES,fvJ ... bmowif;Mum;cJYovJ? rif;wdkY ae&mESHYatmif a&muf&JUvm; ...}}[k jymjymovJ
ar;jref;av&m? ]]awGUawmYrawGUbl;? 'gayr,fY b,ausmfoleJY rif;vkvifwdkY[m wd*kHajcawmf&if;txd
oef;,drf;tcsdefrSm vdkufMuowJY/ vlqdk;awGeJY Mu,feDay:csdefawGUvdkY wdkufcdkufMuawmY b,ausmfolrSm
vlqdk; ausmufwkH;eJY aygufvdkY acgif;jyJvmowJY/ rif;vkvifwpfa,mufvJ vlqdk;vufeufeJY aoqkH;
owJY/ vlqdk;rsm;uawmY awmeufBuD;xJ0ifoGm;vdkY qufrvdkufMuawmYbl;/ b,ausmfolacgif;rSm
t0wfpnfxm;wmvnf; jrifcJYw,f ...}}[k pDumywfukH; ajymqdkav&m ...
]]udkif; ... 'gjzifY awmb,favmufeufeuf 'dkYvdkufr,f ...}}[k vufoD;vufarmif;wef;vsuf
a'grmefygygESifY ajymqdkvdkufav\/
]]oli,fcsif;oabmtwdkif; vlpkNyD;vdkufcsif&if vdkufwmaygY? naepmpm;NyD; xGuf&atmif
pDrHacsr,f}}[k oli,fcsif;ESpfa,muf xGufoGm;Muav\/
nae arSmifpysKd;aomtcsdefum; oefvsif0efrif;tdrfaSUwGif wkwfSnfrsm;? &Jwif;rsm;
udkifwG,fxm;Muonfh vli,f 200-cefY pka0;aeav\/ qdkif&m rif;vkvifrsm;tm;vnf; taMumif;
Mum;xm;aomaMumifY? rif;vkvifig;OD;rQ aoewfudk,fpDESifYvmMuav\/
RI
SK
]]xGufr,f oGm;r,f? vkyfMua[Y}}[k ajymqdkaecdkuf? vlpkvla0;teD;rS rdef;uav;wpfOD;

ay:aygufvmum tdrf0if;xJodkY 0ifoGm;av&m? jrpHonf 0rf;omtm;&ESifY? ]]armifbkef;a& ... EG,fEG,f
a&mufNyD}}[k atmfvdkufav\/ armifbkef;jrifYvnf; tdrfay: jyifqifae&mu uref;uwef; qif;ajy;
vm&m? avSum;wGif a&mufaeaom ZeD;onftm; ayGU,lvsuf? tdrfay:odkY wufajy;av\/
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
vli,frsm;rSmvnf; odvdkaZmjzifY tdrfaygufu wpfqdkYae&m? armifbkef;jrifYu ]]tm;vkH;udk

aus;Zl;wifygw,f? SmzdkYrvdkawmYygbl;? jyefEdkifMuygNyD ...}}[k ajymojzifY? tcsKdUjyefMu tcsKdUrSmvnf;
jzpfysufykHowif;udk em;axmif&ef usef&pfav\/
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
0efuawmfBuD;ESifY EG,fEG,fum; wpfOD;vnfyif;udk wpfOD;zufvsuf idka<u;ae&m? twefMumrS

tidkwdwfvsuf tjzpftysufudk ZmwfvSefajymav\/ armifbkef;jrifYum; tvGefpdwf"mwfwuf<uonfh
vli,fjzpfonfhtavsmuf? oefvsif0efrif;\ "m;tdrfudkqGJudkifum ...
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
]]bm 'Dvdkapmfum;vdkY cH&rSmvJ? ckoGm;owfr,f}}[k jyifqifav&m? 0efuawmfBuD;onf

armifbkef;jrifYtm; xzuf&if;? ]]vluav; rawmfao;bl; pOf;pm;OD;uGJU ...}}[k wm;jrpfaepOf?
Sifeef;EG,fvnf; xqGJum ...
Zarni 86
- 87 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
]]udkbkef;taz rSmvdkufao;w,f? em;axmifygOD; ...}}[k ab;vlrsm;udk Munfhjyef&m? tjcm;

vli,frsm;vnf; t&dyftqifudk tuJcwfMunfhaeMuojzifY? ]]vm vm ... tcef;xJoGm;pdkY ...}}[k
ac:aqmifoGm;av\/
]]EG,fEG,fYudk u,fwJYvlBuD;qdkwm tazyJ udkbkef;&JU .../ [kdwkef;u xrf;ydk;eJY 0ifdkufoGm;
wmvJ tazyJ/ tazu ol'DrSmSdwJYtaMumif;udk udkbkef;rodapeJYvdkY rSmoGm;vdkY EG,fEG,frajymwm/
taz uaeYn vmvdrfYr,f/ udkbkef;vJ b,frSrxGufeJYOD;wJY ...}}
xdktcg armifbkef;jrifYrSm 10-ESpfcefY jyefuGJcJYaom zcifBuD;\rsufESmudk a&;a&;ay:xif
vmum? awGa0vm&mu ...
]]aMomf ... taz taz? om;r,m;xuf wdkif;jynfcspfwJYtaz? aeEdkifygay&JU ... EdkY EG,fEG,fYudk
b,ftxd vdkufydkYovJ? b,fu vSnfhvmovJ ...}}
]]'vufzufu vSnfhNyD;0ifMuw,f? vrf;uawmY auGUaumufaewmyJ? EG,fEG,fYudk urf;pyf
txd vdkufydkYNyD; nrSvmcJYr,fqdkNyD; [dkbuful;oGm;w,f ...}}
xdktcgusrS armifbkef;jrifYvnf; pdwfudkcsKyfwnf;vsuf? aÈrysuf tjyifodkY xGufvmum?
EG,fEG,frSm awmxJ rsufpdoli,fjzpfaepOf? rkqdk;wpfa,mufu u,fq,fvdkufaMumif; vli,ftcsKdUtm;
ajymjyav\/ vli,frsm; toD;oD;jyefMurnf[k xMupOf? armifbkef;jrifYu bmudprqdk nDnD
nGwfnGwfESifY wpfOD;udpudkwpfOD; aoG;&if;om;&if;vdk aqmifGufzdkYvdkaMumif;rsm;udk a[majymvdkuf
av\/ wpfzef jrpHESifY &Jabmftm; vufjyum ESpfa,mufwnf; usef&pfapvsuf ...
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
RI
SK
]]'DvdkuG? nrSm tBuHwpfckSdw,f? EG,fEG,fYudk u,fq,fwm olrsm;r[kwfbl; igYtazyJ? ol

nvmvdrfYr,f/ 'DawmY rif;vkvifolvQKdawGuvJ 'dkYtdrfywfvnfrSm tjrJpkHprf;aeMuwm? oli,fcsif;
rsm;u 'djyif vl,kH 4-5 OD;eJY uif;axmufaeMuprf;yg/ tawmftoifYqdk&if aSmifwdrf;Muyg/
wu,fYtusyftwnf;qdk&if pDrHcsifovdk pDrHMuwmaygY/ 'gayr,fY 'Dudpe JYywfoufNyD; wpfpGef;wpfp
rxGufapcsifbl;? udkif; oGm;MuawmYuG,f ...}}[k ajymqdk&m? oli,fcsif;ESpfa,mufvnf; ]]pdwfcsyg ...}}
[k 0efcH xGufcGmoGm;Muav\/
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
n oli,ftdyfqdwfcsdefomom? armifbkef;jrifYonf 0if;wHcg; arSmif&dyfwGif rwfwwf

&yf apmifYpm;aeav&m rMumrDyif rnf;rnf;o@mefwpfckonf 0if;aygufodkY vmuyfav\/
armifbkef;jrifYvnf; avoHjzifY ]]tazvm; ...}}[k ar;vdkuf&m? ]]tdrf; ...}}[k qdkojzifY wHcg;udk zGifYay;
vdkufav\/ om;tzESpfa,muf tdrfay:odkY wufoGm;av&m? oefvsif0efrif;vnf; vuf0Jpnfol\
rsufESmudk jrifvdkufonfESifYwpfNyKdifeuf ]]aoG;aomuf aoG;aomuf}}[k vufESpfzufudk zrf;um qD;BuKd
ESKwfquf zuf,rf;xm;Muav\/
Co
]]usKyfwdkY uHqdk;w,f aoG;aomuf&,f ... &mZ0iftqufquf rMum;zl;wJY ukvm;jzLawG

vufatmufudk a&mufaeMu&w,f ...}}[k pwifajymqdkav&m? ]]rylygeJY aoG;aomuf ... 'D rdpm'd|dawG&JU
&efudk rMumrD at;csrf;atmif pDrHvdkufygr,f? udk,fYtrsKd;xJu avmufxGufwJYaumifawGaMumifYom
Zarni 86
- 88 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
cufaewmyg ...}}[k ajympOf? tjyifrS vloHMum;ojzifY armifbkef;jrifYonf uysmu,m xGufMunfh

av\/ vli,fwpfa,mufonf armifbkef;jrifYtm; wD;wdk;ajymqdkNyD;aemuf qif;oGm;ojzifY tcef;
xJodkY 0ifvmum ...
]]wpfa,mufawmY udpacsmNyD? tazYaemufu uyfvdkufvmwJY rif;vkvifwpfa,muf taz
0if;aygufem;a&mufawmY aoewfeJYcsdefaeowJY? olYaoewfarmif;rjzKwfcif udpwkH; pD&ifvdkufMuowJY?
rpD&if rjzpfawmYbl;}}
]]"m;eJY pD&ifovm; ...}}
]][kwfw,f ...}}
]]'DtdrfeJYreD;&if udprSdbl;? azsmufzsufzdkYaum ...}}
]]tavmif;udk jrpfxJoGm;csw,f? aoewfwpfvufvJ &vdkufw,f? tazom 'Dtdrfay:rSm
vlr&dyfrdatmif owdeJYaezdkYyJ ...}}
]]tdrfay:a&muf&if wpfaxmifeJY wpfa,muf raMumufygbl;uG,f ...}}[k ajymaepOf?
Sifeef;EG,fvnf; xrif;yGJjyifum Nidrf;omtm; ,lapvsuf? ]]udkif; taz ... qmvSa&mYr,f? okH;aqmif
ygOD; ...}}[k ajymqdkojzifY? vuf0JpnfolrSm xrif;rawGU&onfrSm MumvSNyDjzpfojzifY NrdefSufpGm
pm;aomufum aeav\/
vuf0Jpnfolum;
ou
rO
aeMuav\/
ty
okH;OD;om;rSmrlum; pum;qufajymqdkum wdkifyif

ukvm;jzL\ uRefjzpf&csufemonfudk rauseyfEdkifbJ ...
RI
SK
vuf0Jpnfol xrif; pm;aomuftNyD;wGif t0aejynfawmftaMumif;? vufatmufcHEdkifiHrsm;

taMumif;udk aS;a[mif;aESmif;jzpf Zmwfcif;NyD;Muonfhaemuf? Sifeef;EG,fESifY 0efuawmfBuD;wdkYtm;
tdyfcef;odkY0ifa&mufMu&ef ajymqdkvkdufav\/
wi
ll b
ea
]]r[kwfygbl; aoG;aomuf&JU? aoG;aomufu wpfa,mufvkH; NrKdU0efjzpfNyD; 'Dukvm;u

abmufrJYaMumifY cs,fvS,fEdkif&ovJ/ aoG;aomuf tajcGt&HawGu b,fa&mufukefovJ}}
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
]]bkef;awmfBuD;bk&m;u ukvm;,kHNyD; ppfom;vufeuf tyfcJYNyDaum/ usKyfrSm trnfcHkHavmuf

0efjzpfae&wm b,fYES,fYwwfEdkifvdrfYrvJ/ 'gayr,fY wwftm;orQ kH;awG? rif;vkvifXmeawG? olvQKd
vkvifawGxJrSm vl,kHawG trsm;BuD;xnfhoGif;xm;ygw,f/ 'gavmufyJ wwfEdkifw,f/ usKyf
twGif;a&;u cs,fvS,frSmpdk;vdkY 0ef&mxl; jyKwfcJYygyaum ...}}
Co
mm
erc
i
]]awmuf ... dkif;vdkufavAsm? qifjzLSif rif;w&m;vufxufu usKyfwdkYtazrsm;u xdyfykwf?

acgif;dkuf? ajceJYuef EdkifcsifovdkEdkifcJYwJY ylwauvlrsKd;u bk&ifjzpfae&owJY ...}}
Zarni 86
- 89 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
]]rkwrpm; tultnDeJYqdkawmY rwwfEdkifMubl; ...}}

]]udkif; 'gawG rpOf;pm;MuygeJYav? aSUudk b,fYES,f BuHpnfMur,fvdkY pDpOfxm;MuovJ ...}}
]]wvdkif;? jrefrm? u&ifawGudk wpfaoG;xJ wpfpdwfxJjzpfatmif BuKd;pm;ae&wmyJ/ armifbkef;
uvnf; vli,f avSoif;? jrif;yGJ? vlajy;NyKdifyGJawGeJY BuKd;pm;vmwm tawmfc&D;a&mufaeygNyD ...}}
]]avSyGJuawmY vli,fawGtwGuf taumif;qkH;enf;vrf;yJ/ t0aejynfawmfrSmvJ rMumcP
usif;yae&w,f/ avSavSmfw,fqdkwm omrefMunfh&if avSNyKdifyGJvdkY xifMurSmyJ? r[kwfbl;
vluav; ... rif; oabmudk pOf;pm;rd&JUvm; ...}}
]]rSefyg pOf;pm;rdygw,f? tqkH;rSm vufarmif;om;rsm; wif;rmvmNyD; vuf[m wmSnf
tanmif;cHEdkifzdkYyJ/ 'grS ta&;SdvdkY aoewf "m;vSHudkifwJYtcg vuftm;oefNyD; jrJpGJvmvdrfYr,f ...}}
]]tJ'g t"dutcsufyJ/ tazuawmY ppfyGJaygif;rsm;cJYvdkY "m;vSHudkMunfh&if? vlb,fESa,mufudk
ckwfNyD;&if 'D"m;vSHwkH;&r,fqdkwm odw,f/ vlwpfa,muf[m wqufxJ vltpdwfaoatmif "m;eJY
ckwfEdkif&if tm* vlpGrf;aumif;yJ/ vufacsmif;eJY vufarmif;[m Mum&if "m;awmif rqkyfEdkifatmif
vufyef;uswwfwmyJ/ 'DawmY tavYtusifYrSdwJY vldkif;qdk&if vl 2-a,muf 3-a,mufxufydkNyD;
rckwfowfEdkifbl; ...}}
]][kwfuJY uRefawmfvJ 'gudk awG;rdNyD; aiGaMu;pdkufxkwf BuKd;pm;xm;&wmyJ ...}}
]]b,fvdk vljynfhpkHayr,fY vufeufu vdkao;w,f? vufeufrSd&if tvum;yJ ...}}
RI
SK
]]t0eJY jynfNrKdUrsm;u vufeuftcsKdU oGif;,lNyD;ygNyD ...}}
ty
ou
rO
]]a[ ... [kwfvm;/ tazawmif rodyguvm;uG,f? taz tawmfpkHprf;aewmyJ vkH;vkH;

rod&ygbl; ...}}
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
]]tvGef apYapYpyfpyf BuHpnf&ygw,f/ 'gayr,fY aoewf 300-avmufeJY tajrmuf 5-vuf

&vdkY? wcsKdUvJ yef;yJawGeJY vkyfaeqJyJ taz&JU/ ylwauwdkY oabFmjynfu vufeufu aumif;vdkY?
tJ'DvufeufrsKd; aoewf 5-vuf cdk;,lNyD; erlemMunfhvkyfae&w,f ...}}
ft
his
]]vufeufu odyfenf;ao;wmudk;uGJU/ olwdkYu vufeufrsm;rsm;eJY ykefuefEdkifrSjzpfr,f ...}}
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
]]aemufawmY rsm;NyD;vmrSmygyJ? vufeufvkyf&mrSmawmif a[m'Dbb oGif;ay;xm;wJY t&mSd

rsKd;cspfawGu aoewf 20? rsKd;cspfolvQKdawGu vkyfaoewf 2-vufeJY vlwpfa,mufzrf;? rsKd;cspft&mSd
kH;u axmif 3-4 v cs? 'Dvdk axmufaxmufnmnm pD&ifMuvdkY txajrmufaewmuvm; ...}}
Co
xdktcg 0efrif;onf NyKH;vsuf ...
Zarni 86
- 90 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
]]usKyfudk ylwaubk&if aMumufwm[m 'gaMumifYaygYAsm/ 'if;wdkYqDrSm twGif;vlSdawmY

bmrqdkod&? vkyfjyefvJ axmufaxmufnmnmvkyfqdkawmY tvGef[efuswmuvm; ...}}
]]'Dvdk BuKd;pm;nDnGwfMurSvJ jzpfr,f/ t0aejynfawmfcsnf; tm;udk;vdkYvJ rjzpfao;bl; ...}}
]]t0aejynfawmfu vmwdkufvkYd ukvm;&ef at;oGm;w,fqdk&if? uRefjzpfcH&wJY usKyfwdkYuvJ
tvGef Sufp&maumif;r,f? &mZ0ifvJ tvGefdkif;a&mYr,f ...}}
armifbkef;jrifYum; EdkifiHa&; wdkifyif&mu rdcifBuD;\tajctaeudk pOf;pm;rdojzifY ...
]]taz&,f ... ckvdk BuKHwJYtcg tarYqD 0ifygOD;awmYvm; ...}}
]]taz owd&w,f? udpawG rNyD;cif rawGUcsifbl;uG,f? oHa,mZOfaESmifY,SufrSm pdk;&drf&w,f}}
]]udpawG raqmifGufcif cPawGUygOD;vm;? tck oGm;&atmifav? uRefawmf vkdufydkYcJYr,f ...}}
]]aeygap vluav;? rif; b,ft&mrsKd;rqdk owd0D&d,eJY vkyfyg/ aemifvJ rjywfvyfqdkovdk
tazeJY awGUqkHao;wmaygY/ udkif; aoG;aomuf oGm;vdkufOD;r,f/ aoG;aomufawmY vlBuD;rdkY bmrS
ajymp&mrvdkbl;aemf ...}}[k ae&mrSxum xGufcGmrnfjyK&m? oefvsif0efrif;vnf; rwfwwf&yf ayGUzuf
ESKwfqufNyD;vQif? om;tzESpfOD; tdrfatmufodkY qif;oGm;Muav\/ wHcg;aygufwGif om;tz
ESpfa,muf zuf,rf;ESKwfqufMujyefum? cPrQtMumwGif vuf0Jpnfolonf arSmifxJwGif aysmufuG,f
avownf;/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
RI
SK
Zarni 86
- 91 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
tcef; (9)
wvdkif;? jrefrmwdkYum; bk&ifrif;acgifESifY &mZm"d&mZfvufxufwGif tBuD;tus,f &efoljzpfMu

aomfvnf;? ukvm;jzL ylwauvlrsKd;rsm; tkyfpdk;jcif;udk cH&aomtcg? rsKd;cspfrsm;\ wdkufwGef;
vSKHUaqmfcsuft&? Ak'bmom wdkif;&if;om;tcsif;csif;jzpfonfhtwdkif;? pdwf0rf;nDnGwfvsuf wpfOD;udk
wpfOD; txl;cspfcifMuav\/ txl;ojzifY EdkifiHa&;ESifY wdwfwdwfykef;aqmifGufolrsm;udk aiGtm;
vltm;jzifY udk,fzd&ifzd ulnDaxmufyHYaeMuav\/
rnfrQaooyfpGm vQKdU0SufjyKrlaqmifGufMuaomfvnf;? ylwauvlrsKd;rsm;rSm yg;eyf y&d,m,f
rsm;aom vlrsKd;jzpfonfhtwdkif;? 4if;wdkY\vufatmufcH wvdkif;jrefrmwdkYonf 4if;wdkYtm; rauseyfbJ
pdwf"mwfwpfrsKd;jzpfykH? twGif;Budwf BuHpnfMuykHwdkYudk odSdNyD;jzpfavonf/ odkY&mwGif rnfodkYrnfykH
BuH? rnfuJYodkYpDrHonfudkum; wwftyfrod&ojzifY? olvQKdrsm;udk tcsKdUtvkyfjzKwfvsuf Ncdrf;ajcmuf
axmufvSrf;apav\/
olvQKdrsm;wGif armifbkef;jrifY\ vl,kHrsm;vnf;SdojzifY ]],kefawmifajy; acG;ajrmufvdkuf}}
[louJYodkY? ylwaubk&if\ vl,kHrsm; vdkufvHpkHprf;rnfhtaMumif;udk armifbkef;jrifY\ vli,frsm;
odESifYNyD;jzpfav\/
ty
ou
rO
RI
SK
armifbkef;jrifYum; 4if;udk,fwdkifrSm bmrQrBuHpnfouJYodkY? ,cktcgwGif 4if;tdrf aÈ&&

aexdkifvsufyifSdav\/ odkY&mwGif pDrHcefYcGJa&;[lorQrSm armifbkef;jrifYqDrS wpfzef oifYawmf,kHMunf
&aom vli,fwdkYudk apvTwfay;ydkYpjrJjzpfav\/ oefvsif0efrif; oGif;xm;aom t&mSdydkif;?
rif;vkvifXme olvQKdtzGJUrsm;uvnf; ta&;SdvQif oefvsif0efrif;xHodkY wdwfwdwfykef; taMumif;
Mum;avYSdav\/ wpfnoum; armifbkef;jrifYonf oefvsif0efrif;ESifY wdkifyifaeMucdkuf? pmcRef
wpfckudk vl,kHvli,fwpfOD; ay;vmojzifY zwfSKMunfh&m ...
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
]]owdjyKyg ... b,ausmfolonf wdkif;jynf\ tBuD;qkH;&efoljzpfygonf/ olonf

wdkif;&if;om; wvdkif;jrefrmwdkYtm; cspf[efaqmifum ylwauvlrsKd;tkyfpdk;jcif;udk rauseyfykH?
vlpkvla0;ESifY ckcHwdkufcdkuf&ef aoG;aqmifaeygonf/ ylwauvlrsKd;rsm;tm; tu,f rkef;wD;ae
Muaom wvdkif;jrefrmwdkY em;a,mifaeMuygonf/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
tu,f b,ausmfol\ ajymqdkcsuftwdkif; rauseyfaMumif; axmufcHajymqdkygu?

xdkvlrsm; 'kua&mufMuygvdrfYrnf/ olonf ylwauvlrsKd;wdkY EdkifiHus,f0ef;vmvQif
jynfbk&ifcH&mxl;ay;rnf[k em;csxm;aom ylwaubk&ifcH\ y&d,m,fudk ,kHMunfaeojzifY?
trsKd;om; b,folepfemjcif;jzpfjzpf &uf&ufpufpuf jyKvkyfrnfholjzpfonf/ oludk,fwdkifrSm
A&if*sDbmomudk ,kH,kHMunfMunf udk;uG,fNyD;jzpfonf/ odkYaomf Ak'bmombkef;BuD;rsm;
Zarni 86
- 92 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
udkvnf; olYMoZmudkufatmif Sdcdk;aygif;oif;aeonf/ rMumrDvnf; avSoif;rsm;ESifY tvm;ol

ol\MoZmcH ydef;aumavStoif; zGJUpnf;ygvdrfYrnf/
ol\toif;rS vli,frsm;onf wdkif;jynfcspfaom avSoif;vli,frsm;ESifY &efol jzpfMu
vdrfYrnf/ uJYodkYaom &efoludk vpfvsLSKu wdkif;jynf ydkrdkepfemvdrfYrnf/ tuRefwdkY
vlpkvnf; txl;wvnf owdESifYaeMu&ygonf}}
pmzwfNyD;vQif oefvsif0efrif;u av;aq;pGm pOf;pm;aomtrlt&mjzifY ]]tdrf; ... bbvl,kH

awGujzifY tawmf[efusaeNyD? 'gayr,fY b,ausmfoludk pDrH&if vluav;vufcsufvdkY &dyfrdae
rvm;uG,f ...}}
]]b,ausmfoludk,fwdkifu EG,fEG,feJYywfoufNyD; olYtjzpftysuf trSeftuefudk b,folYrS
rajymao;bl;/ oludk,fwdkif bmrStppfrcHEdkifkH pDrHxm;wmaygY ...}}
]]MunfhompDrHMuuG,f ... rdpm'd|dawGvkyfvdkY i&JrBuD;ygbl;/ apwemom rrSm;MuapeJY/
udkif; udkif; vluav; tdyfacsOD; tdyfysuf&if tm;enf;NyD; Pfxdkif;rSKdif;wwfw,f}}[k ajymojzifY?
armifbkef;jrifYvnf; 4if;\tdyfcef;odkY xcJYav\/ Sifeef;EG,fuav;um; qDrD;wdkifwGif &mZ0ifaypm
rsm;udk zwfvsufaeav&m? uJvm;yGifYonfudk jrifojzifY aypmudk cscJY tay:odkY vmcJYNyD;vQif?
armifbkef;jrifY\ vufwpfzufudk qGJ,lum anmifapmif;wGif twl,SOfwGJum xdkifMuav\/
RI
SK
]]EG,fEG,f rtdyfao;bJudk ... npmMunfhwm rsufpdrSKefwwfw,fuGJU ...}}
]]bk&ifrif;acgifeJY &mZm"d&mZftaMumif;yg? rif;&JausmfpGm[m i,fi,fuav;eJY odyfNyD; owd

aumif;wmeJY qufNyD;zwfaewmyJ ...}}
ea
ty
ou
rO
]]udkbkef;wdkYvJ olYvdk ppfwdkuf&&if &mZ0ifausmfrSmaygY EG,fEG,f&JU/ ckaecgrsm; udkbkef;

ppfwdkufNyD; aoqkH;oGm;&if EG,fEG,f 0rf;rombl;vm; ...}}
bo
ok
wi
ll b
]]tdk ... udkbkef; b,fYES,fajymwmvJ/ udk,fYcifyGef;wpfa,mufvkH; aoqkH;wm b,fYES,f

0rf;om&rSmvJ}}
al
us
eo
ft
his
]]'DvdkuGJU ... pdwfxm;xufoefwJY rdef;uav;qdkwm? udk,fYcspfol[m wdkif;a&;jynfa&;eJY

ywfouf&if touftaocH aqmifGufoGm;av? usef&pfwJYZeD;rSm *kPfSdavyJ/ onfawmY *kPfSdNyD;
usef&pfwJY ZeD;u 0rf;renf;&bl;/ olrsmtm;usatmif 0rf;ajrmuf&w,f ...}}
Co
mm
erc
i
]]udkbkef;wdkY wdkif;jynfta&; b,fvdkvkyfw,fqdkwm odygw,f/ EG,fEG,fvJ oabmwlygw,f/

EdkYayr,fY tcspfqkH;wpfa,muf toufaysmufwmudkawmY 0rf;romEdkifbl; ...}}
Zarni 86
- 93 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
xdktcg armifbkef;jrifYonf awGa0pOf;pm;ae&mu EG,fEG,fajymorQonf pdwf&if;twdkif;

jzpf&um;? rdrd ar;jref;rdonfudkyif vGefoGm;avNyDvm;[k awG;awmrdjyefav\/ odkY&mwGif wdkif;jynf
ta&;t&mESifY ESKdif;pmvQif r,m;cspfrSK vifcspfrSKonf wtdk;wpftdrf wpfudk,faumif;twGufrQjzpf&m?
BuD;av;aom0efESifY aqmifGufrnfh a,musfm;aumif; rdef;raumif;rSeforQ ta&;Sdu xdkcspfcif
pGJvrf;rSKudk y,fzsuf&rnfjzpfonfhtwdkif; ar;jref;rdjcif;jzpfav\/ rdrdwdkYrSm tpueOD;uyif
wpfa,mufESifY wpfa,muf arwmrul;puf&vQif? toufaoawmYrnf trSefjzpfum taMumif;yg
cJYjcif; jzpfav&m? &[Emr[kwfaom vlom;wdkY cspfolqkH;onfudk vkH;vkH;BuD; 0rf;renf;bJ tb,frSm
aeEdkifSmrnfenf;[k pOf;pm;ai;armaepOf? EG,fEG,fonf armifbkef;jrifY\ ar;apYudk ol\ aysmYaysmif;
oG,fvsaom vufacsmif;uav;rsm;jzifY udkifrusDp,fum cyfNyKH;NyKH;Munfh&if; ...
]]bmawGawG;aewmwkH; ... udkbkef;bmyJvkyfvkyf EG,fEG,fruefYuGufygbl;/ EdkYayr,fY cspfol
wpfa,mufvkH; aouGJuGJ&rSmudkawmY b,fenf;eJYrS rylaqG;bJraeEdkifbl;om ajymwmyg/ EG,fEG,fY&JU
oHa,mZOfaMumifY udkbkef;&JU tBuHtpnfavQmY&r,f qdkwmawmY rcHcsifygbl;/ udkif;ygav EG,fEG,fwdkY
pdwfnpfp&mawG rajymMuygpdkYeJYaemf/ BuHcsifrS xBuH? vkyfcsifrS xvkyfwmaygY/ bmrS rBuHrvkyfcif
pdwfudkrnOf;qJygeJY ...}}[k ,k,k,, ajymqdkaeav\/
b,ausmfolum; wdkif;&if;om rGef? jrefrmvlrsKd;wdkY\ tBuD;rm;qkH;&efol jzpfaeonfudk
rsKd;cspfpdwfSdaom vlBuD;vli,fwdkif; odSdMuav\/ odkY&mwGif 4if;rSm aMu;aiGokH;pGJEdkifjcif;? tajymtqdk
tnmtzsef;aumif;jcif;wdkYaMumifY? tlaMumifaMumif rGef? jrefrmbkef;awmfBuD;tcsKdUESifY vli,ftcsKdUwdkYrSm
em;a,mifvsufSdMuav\/
ou
rO
RI
SK
4if;rSm ylwaubmomudk aumif;pGmwwfuRrf;av&m? ylwaubmom oifaom tdrf?

ausmif;rsm;wGif 4if;cs,fvS,fcsifwdkif; cHaeMu&av\/ aemufqkH;wGif 4if;\ tBuD;qkH; &nfG,f
csufum; tvGefpdwftm;xufoefaom vli,fwpfpkwdkYudk 4if;\tmPmatmufodkY qGJoGif;? rGef?
jrefrm wdkif;&if;om;tcsif;csif; ppfcif;wdkufcdkufzdkYom SdawmYav&m? armifbkef;jrifY\ vli,frsm;onf
onf;rcHEdkifatmifjzpf aeMuav\/
ll b
ea
ty
wpfnoum; b,ausmfolonf oefvsifNrKdUawmifydkif; SifjzL\tdrfodkY tvnftywf

a&mufSdav\/
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
ol<u,f OD;wkwfpHum; rsKd;cspfpdwfSd vli,fwdkYtm; aiGaMu; ajrmufjrm;pGm axmufyHYaeol

jzpfav&m? b,ausmfoluJYodkY rsKd;zsufwpfOD;udk tb,frSmvQif vufcHvdktHYenf;/ odkY&mwGif wefcdk;
tmPmvufSdolwpfOD;tay: dkif;pdkif;pGmjyK&efroifYojzifY tvdkuftxdkuf vufcHajymqdkae&av\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
SifjzLum; Sifeef;EG,fESifY rdk;r,drf; vSyacsmarGUoljzpf&m? aocsmapYiSpGm MunfhSKwwfolrsm;

omvQif Sifeef;EG,fu kyf&nftenf;i,fomaMumif; odSdEdkifav\/ odkY&mwGif 16-ESpfomom 17-ESpf
twGif; 0ifcgp tysKd&nf 00BuD; jynfhwif;pdkjynfolav; jzpfjyefojzifY? b,ausmfol vma&mufjcif;\
taMumif;udk txl;azmfjy&efvdkrnf r[kwfacs/
Zarni 86
- 94 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
]]b,fYES,f ol<u,frif;&JUorD;uav;u &ufuef;udk tvGef0goemygqdkygvm;? trsKd;orD;

av;rsm; udk,fwdkif &ufuef;,ufEdkifw,fqdkwm tvGefoifYavsmfwmyJ? oabFmjynfu ypnf;awGu
qdyfurf;cGefeJY bmeJYqdkawmY tvGefaMu;ay;&wmuvm; ...}}
]]&ufuef;0goemawmY ygwm trSefyJ/ EdkYayr,fY oabFmjynfu ukefudk rokH;EdkifwJY
oabm&,fvdkYawmY r[kwfygbl;/ rdef;uav;rsm; wwfxdkufw,fvdkY,lqNyD; cdkif;ap&wmygyJ ...}}
]][m ol<u,frif;uvJ uREfkyfwdkY rGef? jrefrmawG[m rsKd;cspfpdwf xm;rSaygYAsm/ vuf&ufuef;eJY
toufarG;wJYvlrsm;udk tm;ay;wJYoabmeJY vkyfygrSaygY ...}}
OD;wkwfpHvnf; pum;qufrajymacs/ SifjzLum; ydk;rsm;udk csm;jzifY&pfaeav\/ csm;\
vnfywfaomtoHonf tjyifbuf{nfhcef;odkY ay:xGufcJYav\/ b,ausmfolum; ESpfBudrf okH;Budrf?
&if;oGif;kHrQ vma&mufvnfywfjcif;jzpfav&m? vkvifysKdrsm;SKH;avmufatmif cgouvyf zJxnfwdkYjzifY
vTrf;NcKHjyKjyifxm;aom OD;wkwfpHonf twGif;Budwf GHSmvsuf? ylwauvlrsKd; raumif;aMumif;ajymaom
pum;udk cyfrqdwf em;axmifumaeav\/
pum;azmifzGJUatmifajymMuNyD;vQif b,ausmfolonf ESKwfqufjyefcJYav\/ tdrfatmufwGif
apmifYpm;aeaom rif;vkvif uRef,kH;okH;OD;vnf; aoewfudk,fpDESifY 4if;wdkY\ocifaemufrS xyfMuyf
ruGm vdkufygMuav\/
ou
rO
RI
SK
vrf;rwpfavQmuf 15-tdrfrQavmuf avQmufrdMuaomtcg? 'dkif; 'dkif; 'dkif; [k jyif;xefaom

aoewfoH 3-4 csuf Mum;&NyD;aemuf oefvsifwpfNrKdUvkH; qlnHoGm;av\/ armif;oHrsm;?
wkH;acgufoHrsm;? acG;a[mifoHrsm;vnf; tqufrjywf Mum;&vsuf? vltaygif;wdkYrSm [dkajy;onfvTm;
jzpf aeMuav\/ rif;vkviftzGJUrsm;rSm 10-a,muf wpfwGJ? 15 a,muf wpfwGJ? aoewfudk,fpD
xrf;um aoewfoHMum;&modkY tajy;vmMuav\/ tcsKdUrodao;olwdkYrSmvnf; NrKdUay:wGif "m;jy
wdkufNyD[k 0if;wHcg;? tdrfwHcg;rsm;udk vsifjrefpGmydwfqdkYMuav\/
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
vlpkvla0;BuD;um; rD;SL;wdkifrsm;jzifY a,muf,ufcwfajy;vTm;aeMu&m? rif;vkvifrsm;vnf;

vlpkrsm;tMum;rS ajy;vTm;aeMu&if;? vrf;rBuD;wGif vJaeMuaomolrsm;Sd&modkY a&mufMuav\/
4if;\aemufyg rif;vkvifokH;a,mufteuf ESpfa,mufrSmaoqkH;? wpfa,mufomvQif owd&
wpfcsuf r&wpfcsufjzpfaeav\/ rif;vkvifrsm;vnf; tavmifrsm;udk xrf;,lo,fydk;oGm;Mu&m?
rsKd;cspfpdwfSdolwdkYrSm wdwfwdwfykef; 0rf;ajrmufaeMuav\/
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
tjcm;vkvifrsm;ESifY t&mSdrsm;? olvQKdtcsKdUwdkYonfvnf; oefvsifNrKdU rouFmaom

tdrfrsm;udk wufa&mufSmazGMuvsuf rouFmaomvli,frsm;udk zrf;qD;oGm;Muav\/ b,ausmfol
tavmif;um; 4if;\aetdrfodkY a&mufSdav&m? 0efuawmfrsm;rSm onf;xefpGmidka<u;aeMuav\/
Co
olvQKdwpfOD;um; ylwaubk&if\ twGif;trSKaqmifxHodkY b,ausmfoltavmif; cg;pnf;

twGif;rS&cJYaom aypmwpfapmifudk vma&mufay;qufojzifY zwfSK&m ...
Zarni 86
- 95 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
]]jrefrmtrsKd;om;wdkY\ tBuD;qkH;&efoludk ,aeY igwdkYokwfoif NyD;pD;acsNyD/ rQ ,kwfrm

qdk;0g;aom rsKd;zsuftvdkawmf&dudk ajzmif;jzem;cs&rnfr[kwf? t0DpdodkY tvsiftjrefydkYvdkufjcif;om
4if;ESifY toifYawmfqkH; cHpm;cGifYjzpfayonf/ igwdkYwdkif;&if;omrsm;tm; tusKd;w&m;ysufpD;atmif
aqmifGufaom rnfonfhow0grqdk enf;twdkif; tjypf'Pfay;&efrSm igwdkY0w&m;yifjzpfonf/
toufudkESajrmaomolrsm;onf rdrdwdkYtjyKtrludk owdxm;Muav}}
trSKaqmift&mSdonf olvQKdtm; ]]aumif;NyD? armifrif;oGm;awmY ...}}[k qdkojzifY olvQKd

xGufcGmoGm;av&m? aypmudk tNrD;jyefacgif;jyefvSnfh&if; usef&pfav\/
rdk;om;wdrfwdkufuif;pifaom aumif;uifjyifwpfckvkH;wGif pEmvrif; tvSnfhrBuKHojzifY?
vrif;BuD;\udk,fpm; Mu,fwm&m euwfrsm;onf wwftm;orQ ta&mifjyufum wvufvuf
rSdwfwkHvif;wkHjzpfaeav\/ ckepfpOfMu,fajymifum; tNrD;axmifvsuf oef;acgiftcsdefudk azmfjy
aeav\/
xdkn apmapmcdkufwGif aoewfoH? NrKdUysufrwwf qlnHoH? armif;tBuD;tao; wD;oH?
wkH;acgufoHrsm;jzifY vSKyfSm;cJY\/ vltrsm; ajy;vTm;pkkH;um aemufqkH; udk,fYtdrfwGifukd,f wD;wdk;
ajymqdkvsufSdav\/ tzrf;tqD;cH&aomvli,ftcsKdU\ rdbaqGrsKd;wdkYrSmvnf; awmfawmfESifYrtdyfEdkif?
rdrdwdkYwlom; vGwfajrmuf&eftwGuf tBuHPfxkwfaeMuav\/
RI
SK
aerif;onf jrif;rdk&fwpfzufpGef;rS ZrL'DygodkY eD;onfxufeD;vmNyD;aemuf? Nidrfoufaeaom

urmavmu"mwfBuD;udk vSKyfSm;x<uapav\/ vltaygif;wdkYum; nOfhOD;,Hu tjzpftysufukd xyfrH
pNrKHUjyef aeMujyefav\/ jrpHESifY &Jabmfum; armifbkef;jrifY\tdrfodkY vma&muf tzrf;cH&aom
vli,frsm;taMumif;ESifYywfouf wdkifyifaeMuav\/
ty
ou
rO
]]EdkY oli,fcsif;wdkY&JU ... olwdkYrygbl; r[kwfvm;uGJU/ olwdkYryg&if oufaooum,eJY xkacs

wmaygY/ [dk vkyfwJYtaumifawGawmY b,fYES,fpDrHovJ? b,fvdkvTwfovJ ...}}
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
]]nwGif;csif; avSeJYvTwfvdkufNyD; olwdkY[m olwdkY wGHaw;wufoGm;NyD; reufapmapmrS

jyefvmwJY[efeJY vmMuvdrfYr,f/ aoewfawGvJ OD;wkwfNzKd;tdrfxJ wcsKdU? OD;wkwfpHtdrfxJ wcsKdU
jrKyfxm;wm ae&maTUrSyJ xifw,f oli,fcsif;&JU ...}}
us
eo
ft
his
]]aTUwmaygYuG,f? tvdk bmoHygvdrfY ... em;axmifprf;a[Y ...}}[k okH;OD;om; NidrfoufpGm

em;axmifaeMuav\/
mm
erc
i
al
]]wdkif;oljynfom; vltrsm;wdkYav; ... aemif 'dkif; ...
Co
oabFmjynfBuD;ESifYwuG oefvsif? 'v? '*kef? ykodrf? ajrmif;jrpaom jrefrmEdkifiHawmfudk tpdk;

&awmfrlonfh ylwaubk&ifrif;jrwf trdefYawmf ... ,aeYup rnfolrqdk ae0ifvQif rdrdwdkYtdrfwGif
Zarni 86
- 96 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
rD;rsm;rxGef;Mu&/ vli,fvlBuD; rnfolrqdk nOfhtcsdefwGif vrf;ravQmuf&? avQmufcJYvQif awGU&mrSm

zrf;qD;tjypfay;awmfrlvdrfYrnf/
b,ftcsdefrqdk vl 5-a,mufjynfhatmif vrf;avQmufjcif;? 0dkif;zGJUpum;ajymqdkjcif; rSdap&/
usL;vGefcJYvQif BuD;av;aomtjypfudk pD&ifawmfrlvdrfYrnf ... aemif 'dkif; ...}}
xdktwGif; ]]azmuf azmuf}} [laomtoH? ]]tr,fav;As tr,fav;As rsufESmudk pGwfNyD;
rSefwmyJ/ b,fu ypfwmygvdrfY/ [JY b,fu ujrif;rom;awGvJ/ eifwdkYaxmifcsr[JY}} [laom
toHwdkYrSm armif;oHpnfoHESifY a&maxG; ay:vmav\/ avmufvTJjzifY typfcH& qJoHqdkoHrsm;udk
Mum;od&aom oli,fcsif;okH;OD;wdkYonf tdrfay:rS acgif;jyL MunfhSK&,farmMu&if;? jrpHu ]]acG;rom;
wpfyg;uRef ygaemufawG? 'Dvdkaqmfwm aumif;w,f ...}}[k ajymcdkuf? rif;vkviftcsKdUrSm armif;orm;
rsm;tm; oGm;jrJoGm;ap 4if;wdkYudk,fwdkif avmufvTJorm;udk SmazG&pfMuav\/
armif;orm;rsm;onf rsufESmwGif zl;a,mifaeonfudk vufjzifYoyf&if;? wpfac:avmufwGif
wpfBudrf? armif;aMumf [pfnHae&m? armifbkef;jrifYonf ae&modkY jyefxdkif&if; ...
]]'dkYtdrfem;wpf0dkufrSm 'Dvdkjzpfwm raumif;bl;uGJU? enf;enf;vJ pdwfudkcsKyfwD;MurSaygY ...}}
]]tdk 'gawmif rif;pum; em;axmifMuvdkY? vli,fawG tukefvkH;u cyf&rf;&rf; vkyfcsif
aeMuwm ...}}
RI
SK
]]igvJ odygw,f/ 'Dukvm;jzLawG tkyfpdk;rjzpfatmif[m olwdkY&JUtkyfcsKyfa&;udk aESmifY,SufEdkif

orQ aESmifY,Sufay;? 'DtaumifawGudk tvpfowfNyD;ay;? 'Dvdk trsKd;rsKd;vkyfrSqdkwm pOf;pm;NyD;ygNyD?
tcsdefenf;enf;vkdao;vdkYyg ...}}
]]oli,fcsif;uom tcsdefvdkw,fxifae ... ta0;rSm b,fvdkjzpfr,fvdkY rajymEdkifao;bl; ...}}
ea
ty
ou
rO
xdktwGif; oefrmzswfvwfykH&aom vli,fwpfa,muf 0if;aygufrS armifbkef;jrifYudk ar;ae

ojzifY? armifbkef;jrifYvnf; uysmu,m vSrf;Munfhum vuf,yfac:vdkufav\/
wi
ll b
]]b,fYES,f udkausmufvkH; ... b,fwkef;u xGufcJYovJ? ykodrftajctae ajymjyprf;ygOD; ...}}
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
]]wpfjrefaeYu cwfavSeJY vmcJYMuw,f/ olwdkY rouFmrSmpdk;vdkY qm;awG wifvm&w,f/

ykodrfrSmawmY qlnHaeNyD/ avSoif;uvli,fawG qifYac:tydkYcdkif;vdkY? vli,fawGu rvkdufbl; vdkuf&JU
jiif;qefaewmeJY vdkufoGm;MuvdkY ajzmif;jzvTwfvdkuf&w,f/ vrf;rSm avSESpfypfr,fvdkY Budrf;oGm;
Muw,f ...}}
Co
mm
erc
i
]]b,fYES,fjzpfukefMuwmvJ ... ajymprf;ygOD; ...}}
Zarni 86
- 97 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
]]udkbkef;ajymjywJY 0g'twdkif; vufukyfw&m;a[mvdkufMuwm? vlBuD;vli,f oabmaygufNyD;?

aemufqkH; 'DtaumifawG raeEdkifatmifvkyfrSqdkNyD; udkbkef;wdkY vmwkef;u vrf;rSmawGUwJY tkwfwdkuf
0g0gBuD; jrifw,fr[kwfvm;/ tJ'Dwdkufu yoDolaX;udk owfypfvdkufMuNyD;? 'djyif ukvm; 15-OD;
avmufvJ owfypfNyD; aTawGaiGawG vk,lMuw,f/ 4-5 a,muf rif;vkvifawG zrf;rdNyD;? wcsKdUawmY
vufvGwfxGufajy;Muw,f/ yoDawGvJ Armjynf rae0HYbl;qdkNyD; ukvm;jynfudk wcsKdUjyefukefMuNyD/
aTawG aiGawGawmY udkbkef; cJ,rf;0,fzdkY&mqdkNyD; vmtyfMuw,f ...}}
xdktcg jrpHESifY &JabmfrSm xckefravmuf 0rf;ajrmufaom trlt&mjzifY ...
]]om"k om"k ... udkausmufvkH;? bk&m;jzpfr,fY ykodrfom;awG? usKyfwdkY oefvsifuvJ raeYuyJ
vl,kwfrmwpfa,mufudk pD&ifNyD;ygNyD ... om"kom ac:ayawmY ...}}[k tm;yg;w& ajymqdkav\/
armifbkef;jrifYu aÈ&&pOf;pm;vsuf av;eufaomtrlt&mjzifY ...
]]tJ'DvdkvkyfwmawmY ruefYuGufygbl;/ 'gayr,fY jrifawGUEdkifwJY tdrfeD;em;csif;awGu pdwfcs
&&JUvm; ...}}
]]pdwfcs&ygw,f ... dkufESufppfwmawmif rodbl; rjrifbl;eJY bl;uG,faeMuwmyJ? rsufESmvdk
rsufESm& tppfcHr,fYolawGudkvJ owfypfr,fvdkY Budrf;xm;&w,f/ usKyfwdkYykodrfrSmawmY ylwau
tpdk;&udk owif;ay;r,fYol rxGufEdkifygbl; ... pdwfcsyg ...}}
]]'D0g'awG[m ae&mwdkif; ysHUESHYawmYrSmyJ ... owdtvGefxm;Mu&vdrfYr,f ...}}
RI
SK
]]'gxuf [dkudptwGuf ykodrfu vl 5000 yg0ifygvdrfYr,f/ vdk&ifvJ aemufxyfpkaqmif;zdkY&m

vlBuD;awGu wm0efcHygw,f/ aiGeJYqefrsm;vnf; vdkwJYtcgajymzdkY zdwfrefMuygw,f ...}}
ea
ty
ou
rO
]]tckawmY tm;tawmfjynfhaewmyJ ... 'gayr,fY olwdkYudk Edkifr,fvdkY rxifrSwfoifYbl;/ 'DawmY

olwdkYbuf nTwfaewJYolawGudk pdrfYNyD;aMumufatmif pDrH&OD;r,f/ udkausmufvkH; uaeY jyefayawmY/
rNidrf;oma& ... xrif;jyifNyD; jrefjref,lcJYa[Y ...}}[k vSrf;atmfvdkufavonf/
bo
ok
wi
ll b
armifausmufvkH;um; touf 20-ausmfuav;rQjzpf? ykodrfe,fu vli,facgif;aqmifwpfOD;

jzpfav\/
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
armifbkef;jrifYtdrfodkY te,fe,frS vli,facgif;aqmifrsm; ,ckuJYodkY trSwfwrJY vma&muf

wdkifyifjcif;? wpfcgwpf&H jrpH? &Jabmf? armifbkef;jrifYwdkY wpfvSnfhpDoGm;a&mufjcif;jzifY tvkyfvkyf
aeMujcif; jzpfav\/ armifausmufvkH; xGufcGmoGm;aomtcg jrpHESifY &JabmfwdkYvnf; wD;wdk;wdkifyif
xGufcGmoGm;Muav\/
Co
oefvsif? ykodrfponfh ta&;BuD;aomae&mrsm; ylwaubk&ifcH\ rif;vkvifrsm;? olvQKdrsm;

ajccsif;vdrfaeav\/ odkY&mwGif armifbkef;jrifY\a,murESifY armifbkef;jrifYwdkYvli,fydkif;rS oGif;
Zarni 86
- 98 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
xm;aomolrsm;vnf; SdojzifY? ylwaubk&ifcH\ pDrHykHudk BuKdwifodSd&um;? 4if;wdkYrSm ae&m

ajymif;jcif;? BuKdwifBuHpnfjcif;wdkYudk jyKvkyfEdkifMuav\/
armifbkef;jrifYum; 4if;\oli,fcsif; twGif;olvQKdwpfa,mufxHrS ay;ydkYaom puLpmudk
jyefzwfSKaeav\/
]]rmpwm tefaxmfeD eufjzefnaewGif ykodrfodkY xGufvdrfYrnf/ 4if;aemufu

aoewfudkif 5-OD; rvSrf;rurf;u vdkufvdrfYrnf/ ukvm;rnf;wyfwpfwyfESifY u&ifwyf
wpfwyf ESpfwyfaygif; vl 2000 udkvnf; vTwfvdrfYrnf/
tefaxmfeDrSm ppfwyfxGufNyD; wpfywfavmuftMumwGif txufygtwdkif;xGufrnf/
owdjyK ...}}
rmpwm tefaxmfeDum; tmar;eD,ef; vlrsKd;jzpf? ylwaubk&ifcH (iZifum)\ nmvufkH;
ozG,f tm;udk;&aom ppfAdkvfrsm;teuf wpfOD;tygt0if jzpfavonf/ 4if;wdkYrSm vufeuftm;udk;ESifY
wdkif;&if;om;wdkYtm; *krpdkuf? yrmrxm;aecJY&m? armifbkef;jrifYonf xdkvljzLrsm;udk jzKwf&ef ol\
wm0ef[k ,lrSwfxm;oljzpfonf/
RI
SK
armifbkef;jrifY\pdwf tvGefrsm;jym;vSaom wdkif;&if;om;rsm;wGif vlOD;a& tenf;i,frQaom

vljzLrsm;u vufeuftm;udk;NyD; tkyfpdk;aeonfudk tvGefcHjyif;&um;? 'if;wdkYu vltenf;i,f ... wdkYu
trsm;? EGm;awGom acgif;ikHYrnf ... igwdkY rcHbl;? pdwfacgif;rmoljzpfonfhtwdkif;? rmpwm tefaxmfeDudk
igwdkYArmonf b,folYvufatmufrS acgif;ikHYcHaeaom vlrsKd;r[kwfaMumif; oufaojy&ef trsKd;rsKd;
pOf;pm;aeavonf/
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
aemufwpfaeY rGef;,drf;omomtcsdef oefvsifrS ppfwyftcsKdU ykodrfodkYxGufcGmoGm;Muonfudk

vltrsm; 0dkif;0ef;MunfhSKMuavonf/ wdkif;oljynfom;wdkY apwemtavsmuf? ppfSKH;ygap ... aoukef
ygap [laom wdk;wdk;Budwf qkawmif;oHrsm;udkvnf; Mum;&avonf/ naecif;odkYa&mufaomtcg
rsufESmjzLppfAdkvfwpfOD;onf oefrmxGm;BuKdif;aom jrif;BuD;udkpD;vsuf cyfjznf;jznf; jrpfqdyfodkY
qif;av&m 4if;\ aemufrS aoewfudk,fpDESifY rif;vkvif 5-OD;wdkYvnf; vdkufygvmav\/
vrf;rBuD;um; tdrf0if;x&Hrsm;qufvsuf ESpfzufydwfjzpfae&m? wpfpkHwpfOD;onf rsufESmjzLtm;
owfjzwfvdku? &ifqdkifwdkufcdkufonfhenf;xuf tjcm;aumif;aomenf;vrf;rSdacs/
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
xdktcdkuf odk;udkaqmif;vsuf ylwaut0wftpm;udk 0wfqifxm;onfh xGm;BuKdif;aom

rsufESmjzLwpfa,mufonfvnf; rmpwm tefaxmfeDESifY &ifqdkifvmvsufSd&m? tefaxmfeDrSm rnfol
rnf0g[k odvdkojzifY *kpdkufum MunfhSKaeav\/
Co
4if;wdkYvlrsKd;tcsif;csif; xifrSwfvnf; cyfaygYaygYaeav&m? 0g;ESpfdkufcefYtuGmwGif tqdkyg

odk;aqmif;onf 4if;\ausmrS aoewfudk,l tefaxmfeD\&if0odkY wnfhwnfhcsdefavonf/ xdktcg
Zarni 86
- 99 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
usrS tefaxmfeDvnf; &efoljzpfrSef;odawmYojzifY? 4if;\aoewfudk xkwf,l vufrSrwef;rdcif

'dkif;ueJ toHMum;&NyD;aemuf jrif;ay:u usav\/
4if;\aemufygwdkYvnf; jrif;pD;odk;aqmif;Adkvftm; aoewfESifY NyKdifqdkifypfcwfMuav&m?
odk;aqmif;AdkvfrSm raSmifrwdrf; 4if;wdkYwllodkY jrif;udkpdkif;vsuf? teD;odkYa&mufvQif ajymifvufaom
"m;Snfudk 0ifYumckwfjyefojzifY tHYtm;oifYvsufSdaom rif;vkvifwdkY zdkz&J ajy;vTm;Muav\/
xdktwGif; jrif;pD;Adkvfvnf; aSUodkYquf jrif;udk pdkif;av&m? uif;vSnfh jrif;pD;ppfom; 10-OD;cefYESifY
&ifqdkifawGUojzifY? aoewfESifY ckcHypf&if; jrif;udk aemufjyefvSnfhcJY&av\/
tawmfpdkif;rdaomtcg tjcm;wpfzufrSvnf; jrif;pD; 20-cefY tjyif;csDwufvmonfudk
jrif&&m? 4if;rSm ESpfzufydwfvrf;Mum;wGif rdaeawmYojzifY? rdrdaoewfwpfvufjzifYom ckcHypfcwf
ae&av\/
ta0;rS w'dkif;'dkif;ypfcwfaeMuaom aoewfusnfqefwdkYrSm 4if;\ OD;acgif;ESifY eHab;rsm;rS
jzwfoef;ausmfvGefoGm;Muav\/ jrif;wyfom;wdkYvnf; 4if;wdkYtv,fSd vlqdk;tm; ESpfzufnyf
ypfcwfaeMu&mrS toD;oD; aemufjyefwkefYvsuf xdk;ckwfMujyefojzifY MunfhSKvdkuf&m t&yfom;vli,f
4-50 cefY wdkYonf jrif;wyf aoewfudkifwdkYtm; aemufu ydwfqdkYum 0g;&if;wkwfESifY twif;0if
dkufESufaeonfudk jrif&av\/
RI
SK
odkY&mwGif jrif;wyfom;rsm;rSm aoewf "m;vSH vufeufaumif;rsm;ygojzifY vli,frsm;

aemufqkwfMu&av&m? jrif;pD;vlqdk;Sd&modkY ESpfzufnyf tajy;pdkif;cYJMuav\/ jrif;pD;orm;vnf;
[dkvSnfhonfajy;ESifY BuH&mr&ojzifY 0if;x&Hwpfckab;odkY uyfum jrif;ay:rS rwfwwf&yfvsuf
tdrf0if;wpfcktwGif;odkY 0ifajy;av\/ jrif;pD;wyfom;rsm;vnf; jrif;ay:rS qif;um 0if;x&Hudk csKd;zJY
0ifa&mufaeMuav\/
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
jrpHum; tdrfaygufrSwHcg;udk vsifjrefpGm zGifYay;vsuf? ]]armifbkef;jrifY ... oli,fcsif;

jrefjref0if? ig tjyifu pum;rsm;aer,f? r[ef&if aemufaz; rvG,faygufuqif;? okH;tdrful;NyD;
&JabmfwdkYtdrf ul;ajy; ...}}[k ajympOf? vlqdk;Adkvf[efaqmifaom armifbkef;jrifYonf jrpH\tdrfwGif;odkY
0ifajy;av\/ jrif;wyfom;rsm;vnf; twif;wufa&mufum tdrfwGif;odkY0ifMurnftvkyf ...
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
]]a[Y b,fYES,fwyfom;rsm;vJ/ b,folYtrdefYeJY igY0if;x&Hudk csKd;&wmvJ ...}}[k jrpHu qD;

ar;jref;&m? wyfom;acgif;tBuD;u ]][JY ... 'Dtaumif dkuf[? olykefBuD;udk vufcHwJYtaumif ...}}[k
trdefYay;av&m? ]]b,folu olykefvJ? usKyftdrf b,folrSrvmbl; ...}}[k jiif;qef&if; taygufu
qdkYaeav\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
jrpHrSm owdtxl;aumif;ojzifY wyfom;rsm; kwfcsnf;r0ifEdkifatmif ckcHaeav&m? 4if;tm;

dkufESufvJusrS tdrfwGif;odkY 0ifEdkifMuav\/ xdktcdkuf atmufapmifYrsm;u ]]ajy;NyD ajy;NyD}}[k
atmf[pfojzifY? vl 2-usdyfcefYygaom jrif;wyfom;wdkYvnf; twif;qif;um vdkufMujyefav\/
Zarni 86
- 100 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
teD;tem; tdrfSifwdkYrSm 0if;wHcg;udk tvG,fwul zGifYray;bJ ]]vGwfatmifajy; vGwfatmif

ajy;}}[k atmfMuav\/ rMumrDyif &Jabmf\tdrfay:odkY wufrd&m &Jabmfonf armifbkef;jrifYtm;
tdrfoGif;odkYoGif;vsuf 4if;rSm "m;wpfpif;ESifY ckcHaeav\/ jrif;wyfom;rsm;vnf; &Jabmf ckcHonfudk
0dkif;dkufESuf&if; twif;0ifa&mufSmazG&m vlqdk;tm; rawGU&/ rsufajcvkH;vkH;jywfoGm;ojzifY jrpHESifY
&Jabmftm; toD;oD; zrf;qD;wkwfaESmif ac:aqmifoGm;Muav\/ xdktwGif; rif;vkvifacgif; ylwau
vlrsKd; t&mSdwpfOD;ESifY rif;vkvifrsm;vnf; a&mufSdvm&m? t&mSdu wpfpkHwpf&mudk trdefYay;vdkuf
ojzifY? awmifydkif; oefvsif0efrif;tdrfodkY ajy;Mujyefav\/
oefvsif0efrif;tdrfay:odkY twif;wufa&mufum ]]bkef;jrifYaum bkef;jrifY}}[k ar;Mu&m?
aoQmifudk wpfapmif;xkH;vsuf ykqdk;pudk b,fvufuqGJ xGufvmaom armifbkef;jrifYtm; jrifawGU
&&m? tm;vkH; tHYtm;oifYaeMuav\/
tcsdeftenf;i,ftwGif;rSm odk;aqmif;Adkvfvkyfol armifbkef;jrifYjzpfu rQ rarmryef;
aÈ&& [efaqmifaeEdkifrnf r[kwf? ,ckrlum; at;aq;aomtrlt&mjzifY nmvufu xrif;rsm;
vl;ayvsuf ]]bmudpygvJcifAsm}}[k csKdcsKdomom ar;jref;EdkifaomaMumifYwnf;/ jrefrmrif;vkvif
tBuD;tuJwpfOD;u ]]olr[kwfygbl; ... 'Davmufjrefatmif ol rajymif;Edkifygbl;? oGm;SmMuygpdkY ...}}[k
ylwaubmomjzifY acgif;tBuD;tm; ajzmif;jzajymqkd&m ylwumt&mSdvnf; rausrcsrf;ESifY qif;
oGm;av\/ oefvsifwpfNrKdUvkH;vnf; rmpwm tefaxmfeDtm; vlqdk;wpfa,muf aoewfjzifY
ypfoGm;aMumif;? jrpH? &JabmfwdkY tzrf;cH&aMumif;rsm;udk tkwftkwfusufusuf wcJeuf ajymqdkaeMu
av\/
RI
SK
ylwaubk&ifcH\ tdrfawmfum; ta&;BuD;aomt&mSdrsm; acgif;csif;dkufaeMuav\/

bk&ifcHvnf; tefaxmfeD tavmif;rS&onfqdkaompmudk zwfSKa'gyGaeav\/
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
]]ylwauvlrsKd;tm;vkH; odapvdkonf/ igwdkY wvdkif;jrefrmvlrsKd;rsm;onf rnfonfh

vlrsKd; vufatmufwGifrS uReftjzpfESifY acgif;ikHYcHaeaom vlrsKd;rsm;r[kwfacs/ toifwdkYwGif
vufeuftm;udk;Sdaomfvnf; wdkif;oljynfom;rsm; pnf;vkH;nDnGwfrSK igwdkYvufwGif SdorQ
umvywfvkH; ... oifwdkYonf igwdkYtay:wGif tkyfcsKyfa&; vufvGwf ray;oaGU oifwdkY\
tkyfcsKyfrSKudk tcdkiftjrJrjzpfatmif igwdkY tjrJaESmifY,Sufrnf/ tenf;i,fvpf[if;vQif
tefaxmfeDuJYodkY toufudk tqkH;pD&ifrnf/ oifwdkYtoufudk ESajrmu bk&ifcHESifYwuG
ylwautm;vkH; oifwdkYwdkif;jynfodkY ajy;Muap ...
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
olykefacgif;aqmifa&;ay;aompm}}
Co
bk&ifcHum; tefaxmfeDtowfcH&cdkuf tenf;i,f ausmcsrf;oGm;[efwlav\/ odkY&mwGif

4if;rSm y&d,m,f tvGefrsm;oljzpfonfhtwdkif;? avSmifNyKH;NyKH;um jrefrmwvdkif; t&mSdwdkYbufodkYvSnfh
Zarni 86
- 101 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
]]uREfkyfrSm ppfonf vufeuftajrmuftjrm;SdvsufeJY 'DvdkNcdrf;ajcmufwm[m &,fp&mraumif;bl;vm;

armifrif;wdkY ...}}[k ajymav\/ xdktcg tvdkawmf&d t&mSdwpfa,mufu 'l;wkyfvuf,SufSdcdk;um ...
]]tSifbk&m; Oya'onf tvGefodrfarGU,Ofaus;aom vlrsKd;rsm;ESifYom wefygonf/ wvdkif;
jrefrmwdkYESifY rwefyg/ ,cktcg xif&mvli,frsm;udk zrf;qD; rD;avmifwdkufoGif;rS ab;&efuif;Nidrf;rnf
xif&aMumif;yg bk&m;}}
]]vlqdk; tenf;i,ftwGuf vlaumif;rsm;udk 'kuray;bl; armifrif;/ vlaumif;rsm;[m ,ckvdk
vl&rf;um;uav;rsm;twGuf uREfkyfbufu ulnDMuygvdrfYr,f ...}}
]]rSefvSyg ... MuLyifckwf MuLikwfrSrusefapeJY qdkwJY jrefrmpum;ykHSd avQmufxm;&aMumif;yg}}
]]jrefrmrsm; 'gaMumifY Oya' rao0yfjcif;jzpfw,f/ vl&rf;um;uav;rsm;u uREkfyfwdkYudk
b,fenf;ESifY acszsufEdkifpGrf;SdrvJ/ rMumrD 'if;wdkYacgif;tBuD;udk rdatmifBuKd;pm;&r,f/ vlBuD;rsm;udk
4if;wdkYwlom;rsm;twGuf 0efcHap&r,f/ 0efrcHEdkifol\ om;orD;rsm;udk zrf;qD;csKyfaESmif&r,f/
vTwfawmfu trdefYxkwfap armifrif; ...}}
]]rSefvSyg twdkif;vnf; oifYjrwfaMumif;ygbk&m; ...}}
]]tefaxmfeDxHu &aompmrsKd; wdkif;jynfrodatmif ESKwfvkHMu&r,f armifrif;rsm; ...}}
]]rSefvSyg vrf;axmifYvrf;rrsm;rSm Srf;rSKdif;cHrSifa&;puLrsm; a&;uyfxm; vkvifrsm; tukef

odrf;qnf;xm;&ygonf/ xdkpmrsm;rSm ysHUESHYcJYNyD;jzpfaMumif;yg ...}}
RI
SK
]]b,fvdkrsm; a&;qGJxm;ovJ armifrif; ...}}
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
]]ylwauvlrsKd; uRefjzpf&onfxuf taocH&jcif;u jrwfonf/ ylwauvlrsKd;rSeforQ

awGU&mrSm owfMu? ylwau\ tvdkawmf&drSeforQudkvnf; owfMu? ukvm;rnf;rsm;vnf; igwdkY
wdkif;jynfwGif vlpGmvkyfaeMuojzifY toufESifYwuG tdk;tdrfypnf;wdkYudk vk,ufowfjzwfMu?
ykodrfNrKdUudk erlem,lMuvdkY ygygonf ...}}
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
]][m;[m;[m; 'DvdkjyKrlcsufrsKd;[m rif;rSdwJYwdkif;jynfrS vkyfEdkifw,f armifrif;? rif;vkvifESifY

olvQKdrsm; vlOD;a&wdk; txl;aqmifGufMu&rnf}}[k ajymqdkNyD;vQif nDvmcHtpnf;ta0; vlpkcGJMu
av\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
Zarni 86
- 102 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
tcef; (10)
oefvsifNrKdU aS;0ufom;wHcg;teD;wGif tkwfdk;rsm;jzifY um&Hxm;aom tusOf;axmifwpfck

Sdav\/ xdktusOf;axmiftkwfdk;twGif;rS opfwdkifrsm; um&Hxm;av&m? wHcg;aomYcsuf tapmifY
wdkYjzifY tvGefvkHNcKHaom taqmuftODwpfckjzpfav\/ xdkaxmiftwGif; ukvm;rnf;ESifY wvdkif;
jrefrmwdkY pyfazmufaom axmifapmifY? olowf? yg;uGufwdkY apmifYaSmuf? 4if;wdkYtxufrS
rsufESmjzL ylwauvlrsKd; tkyfxdef;aeav\/
axmifwGif; vli,ftcsKdUESifY vlBuD;tcsKdU wdkif;a&;jynfa&;ESifY tusOf;csKyfcHaeMu&Sm&m?
tcsKdUrSm jrefrmpepftwdkif; xdwfwkH;rsm; tcwfcHMu&av\/ wpfae&m jyif;xefpGm dkufESuf
ppfar;jcif;cH&aom jrpHESifY &JabmfwdkYudk jrifEdkifav\/ tBuD;trSL;wpfa,mufum; NyKH;csKdpGm
jzm;a,mif;vdkaom rsufESmjzifY ...
]]ajymvdkufyg oli,f&,f/ udk,fYudk,fudk taorcHcsifygeJY? vlqdk; rodoaGU rif;wdkY nOf;yef;
cH&NyD; aemufqkH; rSKrvS toufaoMu&rSmuGJU ...}}
ou
rO
]]a[Y ... a[Y ... enf;enf;avQmYOD;/ udkif; ajymMuuG,f? 'kurcHcsifMuygeJY ...}}
RI
SK
]]usKyfwdkY rodvdkY rodbl;ajymwmyg? od&if ajymrSmaygYAsm ...}}[k jyefajymavvQif? ]]a[Y

'DvdkeJYawmY &r,fYtaumifawG r[kwfbl;? 0g;zdMuprf; ...}}[k qdkonfESifYwpfNyKdifeuf? axmifapmifY
rsm;onf rmausmaom 0g;vkH;rsm;,l 0g;vkH;ESpfvkH;\ wbuftpGef; cdkifjrJpGm BuKd;jzifYcsnfxm;um
ajcovkH; nKdUousnf;udk nyfxm;Muav\/ tzsm;bufrSnyf zdvdkufaomtcg? nKdUousnf;
tdk;awG aMurGoGm;rnfuJYodkY emusifvGef;vSojzifY ESpfa,mufpvkH; xGefYxGefYvl; ig;z,fvdrfum
cHMu&av\/
ty
]]rodygbl;Asm ... rodvdkYrajymwm? ESdyfpufvJ cH&rSmaygY ...}}
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
]]udkif; ... enf;enf;wif;vdkufprf;a[Y ...}}[k qdkonfESifYwpfNyKdifeuf 0g;vkH;rsm;udk wif;vdkuf

av&m? ajcovkH;rsm;rS zspfzspfjrnfvsuf tom;rsm;jym;NyD; ab;odkYplxGufvmav\/ vkvifysKd
ESpfa,mufum; tHBudwfcHum rsuf&nfaygufrsm;usonfhwdkifatmif wif;rmxm;Muav\/ 4if;wdkY
yg;tdkYu tdk;rsm;rSm wvSKyfvSKyfjzpfatmif tm;cJaeMuav\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
]]rif;wdkYeJY wpfPfxJrdkY rajymwmyJ? rif;wdkYawmY 0g;eJYaoap&r,f/ a[Y wHacgufem;txd

wdk;NyD; nyfvdkufOD;}}[k trdefYay;ojzifY nyfvdkufMujyef&m? ematmf&ef SufaMumufMuaom vli,f
rsm;yif jzpfvifYupm;? tvGeftrif; emusifvGef;vSojzifY ]]vkyfvdkufuG ... owfypf? rodbl; ...}}[k
atmfvdkufMuav\/
Zarni 86
- 103 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
axmifapmifYvlrdkufrsm;um; rsufESmnKdrnf; SKHUrJYum Budwf rnnf;rnLcHaeaom vkvifysKd

ESpfOD;udk jrifav a'goxGufavjzpf&um;? twif;zdMuojzifY ajrmarYoGm;MuawmYrnfuJYodkYjzpfpOf?
tBuD;tuJvkyfolu wm;jrpfxm;&av\/
]]udkif; ... igYvlrsm;? 'g[m prf;oyfkH prf;oyfwmuGJU ...}}
]]rodygbl;Asm ...}}
]]igajymwm em;axmifygOD;/ rif;wdkYudk ausmu ta&cGmNyD; oHql;cufeJY jcpfay;r,f/ NyD;awmY
OD;acgif;cGHcGmNyD; oH&nfyleJYavmif;r,f/ yg;pyfzGifYNyD; yg;pyfxJ cJyl&nfxnfhr,f/ 'Denf;awGudk aemufqkH;
tokH;jyK&r,f Mum;vm;/ 'DawmY ckvdk nmnmwmwm ppfaq;wJYtcg ajymMurSaygYuGJU ...}}
]]rodygbl; cifAsm ...}}
]]w,fvnf; acgif;rmwJY taumifawGyguvm;? a[Y [dk[mjyvdkufprf;? ,lcJY ...}}[k trdefY
ay;vdkuf&m? axmifapmifYwpfOD;onf a`rGyjcKyfwpfckudk ,lvmav\/ a`rGyjcKyf\ atmufzuf
wpfxGmcefY taygufazmufxm;? a`rGayG;ESpfaumifudkrlum;? tNrD;ydkif; vufwpf0g;cefYwGif cuf&if;
cGESifY tom;aygufatmifazmuf zdxm;av\/
RI
SK
a`rGayG;rSm tjcm;a`rGrsm;xuf a'goBuD;&um;? 4if;wdkY\ tom;em&m tNrD;bufodkY rMumcP

vSnfh aygufaeav\/ wpfcgwpf&Hvnf; yjcKyfatmuf azmufxm;&modkY? acgif;jyLjyum vQmrsm;udk
xkwfaeav\/ tu,f yjcKyfaygufwGif 4if;wdkYyg;pyfESifYeD;aom t&m0wKwpfckudk awGUu
rvTwfwrf;udkufcJrnfjzpfonf/
ou
rO
a`rGyjcKyftaygufudk &Jabmf\rsufESmem;odkY wdk;uyfvdkuf&m? a`rGESpfaumif\ acgif;ESpfvkH;onf

&Jabmf\ rsufESmem;odkY jAKef;ueJ xGufjyLvmav\/ tvGefowdaumif;aom &JabmfyifvQif rsufvkH;
jyL;xGufoGm;av\/
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
odkY&mwGif vufjrefaomaxmifapmifYonf a`rGrudkufrdcif? yjcKyfudk aemufodkY cuf&if;ESifYwuG

qGJ,l jrpHteD;odkY csxm;jyefav\/ jrpHrSm jrefjrefaovQif 'kuNidrf;onf[k oabmydkufaeol
jzpfojzifY? axmifapmifYrsm;u a`rGESifY rwdkYcif 4if;\udk,fudk yjcKyfatmufzuftaygufodkY ypfvSJ
vdkuf&m? vufjrefaom axmifapmifYaMumifYom oDoDuav; vGwfoGm;av\/
eo
ft
his
]][m;[m; ... igYvlu wu,fYowdygvm;? odap&raygYuGm ...}}
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
]]owfypfvdkuf ... eifwdkYudk wpfaumifrS raMumufbl;/ bmvdkY'DvkdvkyfaeovJ ... vlwpfOD;

wpfa,mufudk csnfwkyfNyD; ESdyfpufw,fqdkwm tvum;taumifawG/ eifwdkY igYudk vTwfay;prf; ...
bmvufeufrS r,lbJ eifwdkY "m;vSH aoewfxJu tvGwfxGufjyr,fodvm; ...}}[k pdwftm;Sdoavmuf
jrpH Budrf;0g;pOf? tBuD;tuJvkyfolonf aÈrysufNyKH;vsuf ]]rif;owd od&ygvdrfYruG,f ryleJY?
a[YtaumifawG [dk'if;rNyD;ao;bl;vm; ...}}[k trdefYay;vdkuf&m? axmifapmifY 4-a,mufwdkYonf
Zarni 86
- 104 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
tcdk;wvlvlxGufvsufSdaom oH',ftdk;BuD;wpfvkH;udk ,lcJYMuav\/ ',ftdk;twGif;um; usKdufusKduf

qlaom qDylrsm;xnfhxm;av\/ axmifapmifYwdkYonf aS;OD;pGm &Jabmftm; 0ufwkyfwkyfvsuf
[dkbufwpfa,muf onfbufwpfa,muf? wkwfjzifYvQKdum rMu qDtdk;tay:wGif wifxm;av\/
]]udkif; ... igYvl? tSifvwfvwfaMumf&rSmyJ? b,folvJqdkwm ajymayawmY ...}}
]]rodygbl;Asm ...}}[k qdkcdkuf tBuD;tuJvkyfolu rsuf&dyfjyvdkuf&m? axmifapmifYwpfOD;onf
qDtdk;xJrS a,mufcsKdi,fwpfckjzifY wSJSJjrnfatmifcyf,lvsuf &Jabmf\ausmay:odkY avmif;vdkuf&m?
rnfrQyif owdaumif;ol jzpfapumrl? qDylavmif;vdkufojzifY tonf;cdkufatmif ylavmifemusif&um;?
]]tar&JU ...}}[k vTwfueJ atmfrdSmav\/ jrpHum; oli,fcsif;atmfonfudk SufvSojzifY ]]yg;pyf
apYxm; ... BudwfcH? aokHxuf rwwfEdkifbl;uGm}}[k atmfaigufpOf ...
]]udkif; &Jabmf ... b,favmufylw,fqdkwm odNyD; r[kwfvm;/ wpfudk,fvkH; csvkduf&if
b,fYES,faervJ ...}}[k ajymojzifY ...
]]rodbl; csvdkuf ...}}[k jrpHrmefonfudkvnf; SufaomaMumifY? 4if;\udk,fudk qDtdk;ay:wGif
vGefYae&m? axmifapmifYESpfa,mufvnf; vufrjrJawmYojzifY vsifjrefpGm ab;bufodkY ypfcsvdkuf
av\/ &Jabmfum; ajcaxmufu tem? ausmu qDylavmifjcif;? a'gojzpfcsif;wdkYaMumifY &if0
tvkH;qdkYvsuf arYajrmaeav\/
RI
SK
]]udkif; 'Dtaumifudk wpfvSnfhudkifMuOD;pdkY ...}}[k jrpHqDodkYvmum ajcvufrsm;udk 0ufwkyf

wkyfMujyefav\/ jrpHum; vSKyfum kef;aomfvnf; tcsnf;ESD;jzpfSmav\/ 4if;\cEmudk,fonf
qDtdk;tay:odkY a&mufSdaeav\/ tBuD;tuJum; 4if;udk,fwdkif a,mufcsKdi,fjzifY qDyludkcyf,l&m?
qDylwpfpufrQ 4if;\ ajczsm;ay:odkY usoGm;av&m? vufu a,mufcsKd vGwfusatmif tr,f
ylvdkufwm[k atmfrdav\/
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
odkY&mwGif udk,fcsif;pmw&m;rSdbJ a,mufcsKdi,fudk jyefaumufum cyfaecdkuf? t&dyftajcudk

cyfvSrf;vSrf;rS MunfhSKaeaom vli,ftcsKdUwdkYonf ]]u,fawmfrlyg u,fawmfrlyg ... rw&m;
owfukefygNyD ...}}[k oHukefatmf[pfMuojzifY? axmifoif;rSL;onf xdkvli,frsm;tm; oGm;a&muf
dkufESuf qJqdkumaepOftwGif; axmift&mSdBuD; a&mufSdvmav\/ axmifoif;rSL;um; ]]aemufxyf
ppfaq;p&m tcsdeftrsm;BuD;Sdao;w,f? ck&yfvdkuf ...}}[k wdk;wdk; trdefYay;NyD;aemuf? tjyif[efum;
]]bmvdkYESdyfpuf&ovJ acG;rom;awG ...}}[k Budrf;0g;um &JabmfESifY jrpHtm; wkyfaESmifxm;aom
BuKd;rsm;udk ajzay;apav\/ &Jabmfum; owd&aomfvnf; aumif;pGm rvSKyfEdkifao;acs/
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
jrpHum; BuKd;ajyvQifajycsif; rwfwwf&yfvdkuf&m? ajcovkH; tvGefemaeojzifY jAKef;ueJ

vJusoGm;av\/
Co
axmift&mSdBuD;u ]]vluav; rif;wkdY tjypfrSd&if raumif;rjzpf&bl;? aumif;aumif;aeyg}}

[k trdefYay;vsuf xGufcGmoGm;av\/
Zarni 86
- 105 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
ylwaubk&ifcHum; aocGifYpD&ifEdkifaom jrefrmt&mSdwpfOD;tm; 4if;\tdrfodkY ac:,lvsuf

jrpHESifY &Jabmfonf vli,frsm;\acgif;aqmifjzpf[efwlaMumif;? wdkif;jynfSdvli,frsm; arSmufrSm;atmif
aoG;aqmifonf vli,frsm;udk tpwkH; pD&ifzdkYvdkYaMumif;? xkdvli,fESpfa,muftwGuf w&m;enf;vrf;
rus[k xm;apOD;/ tjcm; pdwfwuf<uaeaom vli,frsm;\ &mZ0wfab;'Pfudk u,f,louJYodkY
jzpfrnfjzpfaMumif; ajzmif;jzae&m? jrefrmt&mSdvnf; twefMum awGa0pOf;pm;um ...
]]rSefvSyg ... 4if;wdkY\ tcif;oGm;udk aocsmpGmppfaq;NyD;aemuf pD&ifygrnf ...}}[k 0efcHum
xGufcJYav\/
aemufwpfaeYum; jrpHESifY &JabmfwdkYtm; w&m;pD&ifrnfhaeY[k oefvsifwpfNrKdUvkH; ausmfMum;
aeojzifY? 2-a,muf wpfwGJ? 3-a,muf wpfwGJ vTwfkH;Sd&modkY oGm;a&mufvsufSdMuav\/ wpfcg
wpf&H vl 5-a,muf jynfhoGm;vQif vsifjrefpGm vlpkcGJvsuf cyfa0;a0;aSmif oGm;Mujyefav\/
5-a,mufSdwJYtdrfqdk tcufyJ? 'DOya'u tvGefyJ[k wdwfwdwfajymolu ajymjzpfae&m? aeYqGrf;
pm;csdefum; vufjyefBuKd;wkyfaESmifxm;aom jrpHESifY &JabmfwdkYtm; xkwfaqmifvmMuav\/
vli,fESpfOD;um; vrf;aumif;pGm ravQmufEdkif? ajcovkH;rsm;u nKdrnf; a,mifazmaeav\/ &Jabmf
ausmum; tqDcJESifY eD&Jaomtom;jyifrsm; vufwpf0g;cefYyg jrifawGU&av&m? jzpfrSjzpf&av[k
pkyfoyfMuav\/
vlxkrSm vTwfkH;tjyifbufwGif pka0;ae&m? wnfqJtrdefYt& rif;vkvifrsm;u armif;ESif
ojzifY? vTwfawmft&mSdu rif;vkvifrsm;tm; rwm;ESifY? aeMuyap[k trdefYay;vdkufav\/
ou
rO
RI
SK
tcsKdUvlrsm;rSm jrpHESifY &JabmfwdkYtm; aoewfESifY ypfowfap trdefYcsrnf[k twGif;a&;

Mum;odNyD; jzpfojzifY? tif; vTwf&if rsufESmjzLu pD&ifw,f? owfr,fqdk&if udk,fYvlrsKd;tcsif;csif;
w&m;pD&ifcdkif;awmYr,f[k wdk;wdk;ajymMuav\/ w&m;olBuD;um; jrpHESifY &Jabmftm; zrf;qD;cJYaom
jrif;wyfom;tcsKdUESifY rif;vkvifwdkYtm; aS;OD;pGm ppfar;av\/ xdkYaemuf jrpHESifY &JabmfwdkYtm;
ppfar;&m ... uRefawmfwdkYonf vlqdk;udk rod&aMumif;? rdrdtdrfay:odkY twif;wufa&mufonfhtwGuf
wm;jrpfckcHrdaMumif; tppfcHMuav\/ w&m;olBuD;um; twefMum pOf;pm;aeav\/
wi
ll b
ea
ty
wpfzef wif;rmaomrsufESmjzifY w&m;cHESpfOD;tm; MunfhSKaeav&m y&dowfrsm;rSm pdk;&drf

BuD;pGmESifY em;pGifYaeMuav\/
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
]]armifrif;wdkYonf ppfa&;udpESifY aqmifGufolrsm;tm; ckcHonfrSm rjiif;uG,fEdkifMu/ vlqdk;udk

od&rnfqdkonfrSm t&yfom;oufaoxJu odjrifolrSd/ odkYjzpf wpfBudrfwpfcg rdkufrSm; usL;vGef
onfhtwGuf wpfOD;vQif 'PfaiG okH;ydmpD kH;awmfodkY qufoap ...}}[k trdefYcsvdkuf&m? y&dowf\
aumif;csD;ay;oHonf qlnH oGm;avawmYonf/
Co
mm
erc
i
jrpHESifY&Jabmfum; ao'PfESifY axmif'PfrS vGwfajrmufvmMuaomfvnf;? axmiftwGif;

tnOf;cH&aom a0'emrsm;udk aq;uko aeMu&av\/ 14-5 &ufMumvQif 4if;wdkYtm; w&m;
pD&ifaom t&mSd &mxl;rS tjzKwfcH&onf[k Mum;od&av\/ xdktcg oefvsif0efrif; oGwfoGif;pDrH
Zarni 86
- 106 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
cJYaom aus;Zl;w&m;udk ESpfOD;om; awG;awmrdMuav\/ tu,f rsKd;cspfpdwfrSdaom t&mSdjzpfu

4if;wdkYrSm ao'PfcH&rnfrSmrvGJ? rsKd;cspfpdwfSdaom t&mSdaMumifYomvQif vGwfvmaomaMumifY?
a0'emaysmufvQif t&mSd taetxdkif rnKd;i,f&ef aus;Zl;qyfrnf[k pdwfudk ydkif;jzwfMuav\/
ylwaubk&ifcH
ydkifaome,ftwGif;
vlBuD;vli,ftaygif;wdkYrSm
tvGefusyfwnf;
usOf;ajrmif;pGm aexdkifMu&av\/ 4if;wdkYrSm nOfhtcsdefwGif rD;rsm;rxGef;Mu&? tdrfom;wpfpk 0dkif;zGJU
pum;ajymMuonfudkyif tdrfom;wpfpk trSefjzpfaMumif; auseyfatmifxkacsrS vGwfMu&av\/
bk&m;yGJ? tvSLr*FvmyGJrsm;twGufrSm `cGif;csufxm;&ao;&um;? udpwpfpkHwpf&mESifY
vlpka0;csifvQif bk&m;yGJjzpfap SifjyKr*Fvmjzpfap? ,kwfpGtqkH; bk&m;udk;qluyfyGJjzpfap usif;yMu&
av\/ xdkwGifvnf; olvQKdrsm;vTwfxm;ojzifY ajymvdkaomudpu
dk txl;owdxm; ajymMu&Sm
av\/
pdwfxufoefaom vlBuD;ydkif;rsm;rSvnf; aS;xkH;pHtwkdif; bk&m;pum;? w&m;pum; ajymqdk
jiif;ckHavYSd&m? ab;u vlrsm; tmkHpl;pdkuf em;axmifaomtcg ...
]]'d|du 62-yg;awmif Sdwmuvm; bk&m;'um&JU .../ usKyfwdkYw&m;awmfrSm rdpm'd|du
tqdk;qkH;aygY/ rdpm'd|dawG aoatmifowfEdkifumrS orm'd|d BuD;yGm;Edkifwmuvm;/ 'DawmY yknmbd
ocFg& ... tyknmbd ocFg& ponfjzifY tbd"rmESifYnyfumnyfum qDavsmf&mudk ajymqdkvsufSdMu&m?
em;axmifoltcsKdUrSm t"dyg,fudkod NyKH;Muav\/
ou
rO
RI
SK
olvQKdwdkYvnf; &dyfrdMuav\/ odkY&mwGif 4if;wdkYu rdpm'd|d[lonf ylwauvlrsKd;[k ,lqum

w&m;kH;wGif tl;jzpfrnfudkvnf; awG;rdMuav\/ vufatmufcHvlrsKd;wdkY\ oabmum; qif;&Jav
oHa0*&av jzpf&um;? ylwaubk&ifcH\ e,fy,ftwGif;aexdkifMuaom wdkif;&if;om;rSeforQwdkYonf
vlrsKd;jcm;vufatmufae&ojzifY rnmrwm zdESdyfjcif;cH&ykHudk oHa0*&vsuf pdwftemBuD;em aeMu
av\/
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
xdkuJYodkY pdwfemMuaomtcsdefum; ou&mZf 974-ck ESpfqef;p jzpfav\/ ylwau

bk&ifcHonf rnfrQyif ESdyfuGyfaomfvnf; pdwftm;wuf<uaeaomvli,fwdkYtm; zdzdpD;pD; zrf;qD;
&rdatmif rwwfEdkifacs/ oli,fwdkYum; pdwf0rf;uGJjcif;? wpfOD;udkwpfOD; ukef;acsmjcif;rSd/ wvdkif;?
u&if? jrefrm vkvifysKdtm;vkH;yif wpfaoG;wpfpdwfwnf; nDnGwfaeMuojzifY? wpfOD; toufpGefY
aqmifGufvQif trsm;u 0dkif;0ef;ulnDMuav\/ 4if;wdkY\acgif;aqmif jrpHESifY &JabmfwdkY cHpm;&aom
'kuudk Mum;od&aomtcg omvGef pdwfemMuum? ylwauukefonfrsm;udk wdwfwdwfykef;
acsmif;ajrmif;owfjzwfrSKrsm; rMumcP jzpfyGm;av\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
oefvsifae&m tuGufaumif;rsm;wGif wdkuftdrf,mESifY BuD;yGm;aeMuaom ukvm;rnf;rsm;

rSmvnf; ypnf;udkpkHruf jrefrmjynfu rcGmEdkif? aS;uvdk aejrJae&ygvnf;? 4if;wdkY\toufudk
pdwfrcsMuojzifY usD;vefYpmpm;yrm aexdkifMu&av\/ ypnf;toifYtwifYSdMuaom ukvm;rnf;
wdkYum; rdrdwdkYypnf;rsm;udk rwefYwwef tzdk;ESKef;ESifY a&mif;cs ukvm;jynfodkY jyefajy;Muav\/
Zarni 86
- 107 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
vli,frsm;rSmvnf; tcsKdU axmifwef;usvsuf? tcsKdUrSmvnf; aoewfESifYypfowf ao'Pf

rsm;udk cHMu&av\/ odkY&mwGif 4if;wdkY\ pGJjrJaompdwfrsm;rSm wpfaeYwpfjcm; xufoefvmvsuf?
aSUu taocHoGm;olrsm;yif 4if;wdkYtwl,lp&muJYodkY rSwfxifMuav\/
ylwaubk&ifcHum; aS;uavmuf taeracsmifbJ 4if;ukd,fwdkif udk,f&Hawmfppfom;rsm;ESifY
oGm;vmaexdkif&av\/ odkY&mwGif 4if;rSm vufeuf vloltiftm; jynfhpkHaomaMumifY? vli,frsm;
wdwfwqdwf acsmif;ajrmif;owfjzwfkHrSty ajymifajymifwif;wif; ykefuef0HYrnfr[kwf[k ,kHMunf
&um;? EdkifiHcsJU&efudkom pdwful;aeav\/
xdktwGif; rdwfaqGjzpfaom awmifilbk&if ewfSifaemifonf awmifilNrKdUudk wdkufodrf;&ef
Muufdk;yifpm;tm; apvTwfojzifY awmifilNrKdUudk odrf;,l&ef ppfwyfrsm;udk jyifqifaeav\/
vuf0JpnfolESifYwuG vufatmufolvQKdrsm;vnf; awmifilwGif r[m"r&mZmrif;w&m;BuD;u cefYxm;
tkyfcsKyfapaom rif;&JausmfpGm\xHESifY t0bk&ifrif;w&m;BuD;xHodkY awmifiludk ukvm;iZifum
ppfonftiftm;ESifY wdkufodrf;vdrfYrnfhtaMumif; jrif;apausmf aZmfwysHcsDudk apvTwfav\/
974-ck 0gacgifvodkYa&mufaomtcg? rif;&JausmfpGmonf ewfSifaemifxHodkY ukvm;iZifum
wdkufvmrnfh taMumif;ESifYwdkifyifav&m? rsm;pGmta&;rxm; r[kwfEdkifaMumif; ajymqdkojzifY?
jrif;apausmf txifrSm;vm;[k jyefvnfawG;awmum cyfat;at; aerdSmav\/ qif&efayguf
t&yfqDrS ajymif;oH? aoewfoHMum; uif;axmufpkHprf;aomtcg rkwrpm; ukef;aMumif;? oefvsifpm;
iZifum a&aMumif;csDwufvmNyD[k Mum;od&onfESifYwpfNyKdifeuf? vlolpkkH;avvQif? awmifilbk&if
ewfSifaemif\ uRef,kHrsm;rSm ulnDazmfr& at;at;aeaomaMumifY? rif;&JausmfpGmrSm rdrdEdkifeif;aom
ppfonf&JrufwdkYtm; vsifjrefpGm pkkH;wdkufcdkuf&av\/
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
RI
SK
rif;&JausmfpGmum; qifpD;vsuf awmifilNrKdUjyifu ckcHwdkufcdkufaeav&m? iZifum\ a&wyf

tiftm;BuD;vSojzifY NrKdUwGif;odkYqkwfcH&jyefav\/ tajrmufoH aoewfoHwdkYum; rdk;BuKd;tBudrfBudrf
ypfouJYodkY wNcdrfYNcdrfY w'def;'def; jrnf[def;aeav\/ awmifilNrKdUum; NrKdUus,fjzpf NrKdUpD;jypD;
enf;yg;aomaMumifY? rif;&JausmfpGm\ ppfom;rsm; y&rf;ywmjzpfysufaepOf? tajcrvSawmYojzifY
awmifilbk&ifYr,fawmf rdzk&m;cifapmonf a0gpD;um tajcGt&HESifY ajy;xGufvmav\/ rif;&J
ausmfpGmum; qifOD;rS "m;rvTwfbJ trdefYay;wdkufcdkufaeav&m? &efol\ aoewfusnfqefrSefojzifY
qifOD;wGif usqkH;Smav\/ trwfr[mvnf; tSifESifYtwl qifay:rS ckcHwdkufcdkufae&m qifOD;
wGifyif usqkH;jyefav\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
xdkodkY t"dywdyk*KdvfESpfOD; usqkH;onfESifYwpfNyKdifeuf ckcHwdkufcdkufrnfhol rSdojzifY? ukvm;

wdkYonf vlrsm;udk okHYzrf;aeMu&m? tcsKdUrSm ajcOD;wnfh&m ajy;xGufMuav\/ ukvm;wdkYum;
awmifilwGif 10-&ufcefYae awmifilaTeef;awmfudk rD;wdkufonfhtjyif? ausmif;uef tdrf,mrsm;
udkvnf; rD;SKdUavmifuRrf;apNyD;aemuf? vuf0,f&Sdonfh vlol qifjrif; vufeuf aTaiGwdkYudk ,l
oefvsifodkY ,laqmifav\/ awmifilbk&if ewfSifaemifudkvnf; udk,fvkyfawmfESpfa,muf? twGif;ap
wpfusdyfausmfwdkYjzifY avSwGif wif,lum oHpnfjywfrsm;? wHydk;c&mrsm;rSKwf aysmfTifpGm oefvsifNrKdUodkY
jyefMuav\/
Zarni 86
- 108 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
t0bk&ifrif;w&m;BuD;um; awmifilbk&if ewfSifaemiftm; ukvm;vufodkY ygoGm;onfudk

rodao;bJ? rif;&JausmfpGm usqkH;aMumif; Mum;&ojzifY wdkufqif 100? jrif; 300? ppfom;ESpfaomif;ESifY
ppfwyfig;wyfudk apvTwf&m &rnf;oif;NrKdUa&mufrS vuf0Jpnfol apvTwfaomolvQKd\xHrS owif;pkH
Mum;&ojzifY ppfwyfig;wyfpvkH;udk jyefac:awmfrlav\/
awmifilbk&if ewfSifaemifum; ylwaubk&ifcHESifY vGefpGm cspfuRrf;0ifvsuf oabFmjynfjzpf
t&ufcsKdrsm;udk okH;aqmifavYSd\/ 4if;udk,fwdkifvnf; A&if*sDbmomudk cH,l ylwaubk&ifcH jrefrm
EdkifiHawmfudk vkyfBuHrnfhta&;udk tcgrjywf aqG;aEG;wdkifyifvsufSdav\/ oefvsifNrKdU rsKd;cspf
olvQKdrsm;ESifY t&mSdrsm;xHrS ewfSifaemif\ owif;qdk;rsm;udk Mum;od&aomtcg vli,frsm; txl;
a'goxGufaeMuav\/
awmifilbk&ifvdkufygvmNyD;aemuf rMumrD 4if;\uRef,kH rif;xifvufsmac: trwfwpfa,muf
vdkufygvm&m? 4if;rSm b,ausmfoluJYodkY tvdkawmf&d vlpGmwpfa,muf jzpfaeav\/
RI
SK
armifbkef;jrifYum; 4if;\zcifESifY &efbufjzpfzl;olrSef; odojzifY? wpfaeYaeYwGif vufpm;

acs&ef twGif;usdwf pdwful;xm;av\/ ylwaubk&ifcH\tiftm;onf wpfaeYwpfjcm; wdk;wufvm
av&m? vli,frsm;tm; zdESdyfzdkYrSmvnf; tBuHPfwdk;vmav\/ Oya'topfwpf&yfrSm rouFmaom
vli,ftcsKdUtm; wdkif;jynf rNidrfr0yfciftwGif; csKyfaESmifxm;&ef jzpfav\/ armifbkef;jrifYwdkY
oli,fcsif;okH;OD;udkum; BuKd;SnfESifYvSefouJYodkY rzrf;bJxm;av&m? jypfrSKwpfpkHwpf&m tenf;i,f
usL;vGefkHESifY ao'PfpD&if&ef csdefG,fNyD;jzpfav\/ tcsKdUaom vlNydef;wkdYrSmvnf; ewfSifaemif
a&mufvmojzifY oefvsifudk jrefrmbk&iftkyfpdk;vdrfYrnf[k xifxm;Muav\/ ylwaubk&ifcHvnf;
qlyGufaeaom vli,frsm; Nidrf0yfoGm;ap&ef wpfzufu zdESdyf? wpfzufu awmifilbk&iftm;
eef;wifrnfh t&dyfta,mifrsm;udk ajymjyvsufSdav\/
ea
ty
ou
rO
odkY&mwGif ewfSifaemif a&;om;aom &wkwpfydk'fudk atmf[pfGwfqdkaom vlwpfa,muftm;

trnfrodvlwpfOD;u tdrfxJ0ifNyD; OD;acgif;dkufcGJ? raokH csefxm;? rsKd;zsufbk&if\ &wkudk
aemufwpfBudrfqdkvQif owfypfrnf[k Ncdrf;ajcmufoGm;uwnf;u? ewfSifaemifrSmvnf; jrefrmwdkY
4if;tm; rMunfnKdaMumif; xifSm;odomcJYav\/
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
oefvsifq&mawmfum; rdrdtaygif;toif;oHCmrsm;ESifYwuG ndESKdif;wdkifyifvsuf? &yfGm

'g,dumrsm;udk pnf;vkH;nDnGwfjcif;jzpfatmif wdwfwdwfykef; a[majymaqmifGufvsufSdav\/
xdkpOftcgrlum; 'g,dumwdkYonf q&mbkef;awmfBuD;rsm;pum;udk ajr0,frus em;axmifavYSdojzifY?
]]eif igYpum; em;raxmif&if eifYqGrf;udk igrpm;vdk ...}}[laom tokH;tESKef;udk aMumufGHUvsufSdMu
avonf/ wdkif;jynfrSmvnf; rNidrfrouf vSKyfvSKyfGG jzpfysufaepOf? oefvsifq&mawmfrSm ta&;t&m
a&mufaom vlBuD;vli,frsm;ESifY tcgrjywf ESD;aESmaeavYSd\/
Co
mm
erc
i
wpfaeYoum; t0wfnpfrsm;udk 0wfqifxm;aom touf 40-ausmftG,f 'g,dum

wpfa,mufonf q&mawmf\ ausmif;odkY a&mufSdvmum? tvGefqmrGwfojzifY qGrf;usef[if;usef
rsm;udk awmif;&rf;pm;aomuf&if; q&mawmfESifY pum;ajymqdkaeav\/
Zarni 86
- 109 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
]]wynfhawmf t0aejynfawmfuyg bk&m;? tSifbk&m; t0aejynfawmfbuf pdwfnTwfrSef;od

0ifa&muf0HYjcif; jzpfygonf bk&m; ...}}
]]wumu bmvJ ... t0u olvQKdvm; ...}}
vlBuD;onf acgif;ndwfum ]]rSefyg ...}}[k avQmufav\/
]]odwJYtwdkif;yJ wum&JU .../ rdpm'd|d BuD;pdk;&if igwdkYomoem wpfpwpfp wdrfaum
aysmufuG,fawmYr,f/ 'DawmY igwdkY Ak'bmom omoemta&; igwdkYta&;qdkovdk? BuD;av;wJY
wm0efudk igwkYd raqmifGuf&if b,folaqmifGufrSmvJ/ t0aejynfawmfBuD;udk tm;udk;aevdkYvJ
rjzpfao;bl;/ 'DrSmSdMuwJY rGefjrefrmawGuvJ BuKd;pm;rS jzpfawmYr,f 'um&JU ...}}
]]wifygbk&m; ... twGif;&ef tjyif&ef? ESpfzufnyfrS jzpfygrnf bk&m;/ tEdkY tSifbk&m;
wynfhrsm; awmfawmf tm;aumif;ygNyDvm; ...}}
]]'gawmY tckajymzdkYrvdkbl; 'g,um/ ,aeY aeYvnfrSm igYausmif;um &yfawmfrludk,fawmf
taeuZmwifyGJ jyKvkyfzdkYpDpOfxm;w,f 'um&JU? aeYvnfus&if bk&m;yGJbef;jyNyD; acgif;tBuD;vkyfr,fY
vkvifawGudk aq;xdk;ESHay;&OD;r,fuGJU ...}}
]]wifyg ...od'dNyD;wm rNyD;wm tyxm;? pdwftm;awmY xufoefMurSmyJ bk&m; ...}}
]]'gaygY 'um&,f ... wu,fvJ pGrf;Edkifygw,f? 'g,dumwdkY t0a&ajrhSifudkvnf; igwdkY

aqmifGufykHudk avQmufxm;ygbd ...}}[k rdefYqdkum cyfrqdwf aeawmfrlav\/
ou
rO
RI
SK
olvQKdvnf; q&mawmfpum; qufvufrdefYawmfrlvdk[ef rSdojzifY OD;csum xGufcJYav&m?

pnfaAsmrsm; wD;rSKwfvsuf vmMuaom t&yfom;vli,fwdkYudk vrf;wGif BuKHawGU&&m? 4if;\rsufESmudk
aumif;pGm razmfjybJ oefvsifNrKdUv,fodkY cyfokwfokwf 0ifa&mufoGm;avawmY\/
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
aeYcif; rGef;r,drf;rDwGif oefvsifq&mawmf\ ausmif;0if; bk&m;yGJtwGuf pnfaAsm

ESJ armif;oHwdkYjzifY qlnHpGm uckefaeMuav\/ uav; vlBuD;wdkYrSmvnf; bk&m;odkY vSLzG,f
ya'omyifwdkYjzifY vma&mufvsufSdMu&m? ylwaubk&ifcH\ rif;vkvifrsm;rSm tu,fyif bk&m;yGJ
usif;yaeonf[k rSwfxif[efSdav\/
us
eo
ft
his
odkY&mwGif oefvsifq&mawmfum; usufoa&cef;udk wHcg;cdkifusnfpGm ydwfvsuf wynfh

vlG,frsm;udk tif;jrKyfjcif;? aq;0g;pD&ifjcif;wdkYudk jyKvkyfaeav\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
]]udkif; ... rif;wdkY wpfaxmifeJY wpfa,muf aMumufzdkYrSdbl;/ a,musfm;rSefu aorSm

raMumuf&bl;/ omoema&mif0gxGef;zdkY 'k|*grPdrif; ppfwdkufovdk ykefuef&wJYtvkyfrsKd;[m r*fzdkvf
edAmefudk &Edkifw,f ... pGefYpm;MuuGJU/ ta&;Sd&if q&mawmfvnf; odumcsNyD; wyfOD;ua er,f ...}}[k
tm;ay;pum; ajymcdkuf? ausmif;atmufu qlnHoHrsm;udk Mum;&ojzifY wHcg;udkzGifYum MunfhSK&m?
Zarni 86
- 110 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
ylwaubk&ifcH\ppfom;rsm; ausmif;0if;odkYa&mufSd vli,frsm;udk zrf;qD;aeaMumif; jrifawGUMu&

av\/ usufoa&cef;twGif;rS vli,frsm;vnf; aq;xdk;NyD;pjzpf aq;prf;vdkonfhoabmESifY
ckcHrnfBuH&m? q&mawmfu ]]rvkyfeJYOD; ... vGwfatmifajy; ...}}[k rdefYpOf? ppfom;tcsKdU ausmif;ay:odkY
wufa&mufvmojzifY 0kef;ueJ ckefqif;ajy;Muav\/
ukvm;ujym;wdkYum; oefvsifq&mawmfudk {uoDcRwf? vufjyefBuKd;rsm;jzifY twif;wkyfaESmif
Muav\/ acgif;tBuD;vkyfolu ]]ausmif;atmufqGJcs ausmif;atmufqGJcs}}[k qdkojzifY ausmif;atmuf
qGJcsMuav\/
q&mawmftm; zrf;qD;ojzifY? idkoluidk atmfoluatmf jzpfae&m? rMumrDyif oefvsif
wpfNrKdUvkH; ysHUESHYoGm; pdwfacgif;rmaom vli,ftcsKdUwdkYrSm q&mawmftm; twif;vkrnfBuH&m?
acgif;aqmifrsm;u [efYwm;xm;&av\/ &[ef;ysKdrsm;rSmvnf; rdrdwdkYq&mawmftm; tjrifrawmf
wkyfaESmifzrf;qD;ojzifY? oHCmtyg; 200-cefY pnf;a0;vsuf twif;wdkufcdkufvk,lrnf BuHpnfMu
jyef&m? tBuD;tuJ bkef;awmfBuD;rsm;u ukvm;\ aoewfajymif;OD;odkY toufudk tyfESif;onfESifY
wlrnfjzpfaMumif; wm;jrpfawmfrlMu\/
oefvsifq&mawmfum; vltrsm; txl;MunfnKdaom yk*KdvfjzpfonfhtwGuf? vrf;wGif
rsKd;cspfrsm;? &[ef;ysKdrsm;u vk,lvdrfYrnf[laom owif;aMumifY ppfwyfrsm; &Hvsuf zrf;,loGm;&m?
vrf;wpfavQmuf tdrfaygufapY xGufjyLMunfhMu&m rsuf&nfjynfhaomrsufESmjzifY ukvm;jzLawG ysufpD;
ygap? ab;oifYygap[k raumif;qkudk awmif;Muukef\/
RI
SK
xdkaeY aeYcsif;yif ppfar;rnfjzpf&m t&yfom;rnfolrQ vTwfkH;teD;wGif raeapbJ? oefvsif

q&mawmftm; vTwfkH;wGif zifxdkifckHwpfckESifYxm;av\/ xdkYaemuf rsufESmjzLw&m;olBuD; csufcsif;
a&mufSdvmum axmufvSrf;cJYoltm; yxr ppfar;av\/
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
axmufvSrf;cJYolrSm tjcm;r[kwf? ewfSifaemif\ uRef,kHtrwf rif;xifvufsmjzpfojzifY?

rif;vkvifESifY olvQKdtcsKdUrSm BudwfqJqdkMuav\/ rif;xifvufsmum; eHeufcif;u npfEGrf;aom
t0wfjzifY tif;0olvQKd[efaqmif pkHprf;&m? oefvsifq&mawmf tjyeftvSef ajymykHqdkykH BuHpnfykHwdkYyg
tppfcHaeav\/
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
ylwaut&mSdvnf; rif;xifvufsmtm; OD;nGwftdktaoay;vsuf xGufcGmap NyD;vQif? tjcm;

ppfwyft&mSdrsm;udk ppfar;NyD;aemuf? wpfcsufvTwf kH;Oya't&? wdkif;jynf rNidrf0yfciftwGif;
oefvsifq&mawmftm; axmifoGif; tusOf;csxm;&ef trdefYay;vdkufav\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
q&mawmfum; 0gawmf 40-ausmf? oufawmf 60-ausmfrQ jzpf&m? jrefrmrif; vufxufawmf

uwnf;u pmwwftausmftarmfrsm; tMunfndKcH&aom yk*KdvfjzpfcJYav&m? ,ckwpfrl rdpm'd|d
ukvm;rsm;\ &mZ0wfom;tjzpf? axmifwGif;ae&rnfudk rsm;pGm ,lBuKH;r&jzpfawmfrlSmaomfvnf;
w&m;jynfhNyD; yk*KdvfjzpfojzifY? oaAocFg& tedpmESifY ajzazsmfum tapmifYtMuyfwdkY ac:aqmif&modkY
vdkufygawmfrl&Smav\/
Zarni 86
- 111 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
oefvsifq&mawmftm; rnfodkYpD&if rnfonfhae&mxm;onfudk odvdkaom 'um?

'umrwdkYrSm 2-a,muf wpfwGJ? 3-a,muf wpfwGJ? wpfwGJESifYwpfwGJ tvSrf;cyfuGmuGm apmifYpm;
aeMu&m? oefvsifq&mawmftm; tusOf;axmifodkY ydkYrnfhtcsdef vlrsm;udk ppfwyfESifY Sif;vif;xm;
aomaMumifY rnfolrQrjrif&awmYacs/ ylwaubk&ifcH\ vufatmuf trSKxrf;Muaom rGefjrefrm
t&mSdBuD;rsm;? rif;vkvifrsm;rSm q&mawmf\wynfhtcsKdU yg0ifojzifY? q&mawmf\ tjzpftysufudk
awGUjrif&aomtcg? ylwauwdkYtm; txl;pdwfemaeMuav\/
twGif;vlrsm;rSwpfqifY oefvsifq&mawmftm; axmifoGif;tusOf;xm;onf [laom
owif;udk Mum;od&av&m? vl 5-a,mufxufydk rpka0;&[laom Oya'udk rnfolrQ *krpdkufbJ?
vl 2000? 3000-cefY naecif;wGif pka0;vsuf axmifqDodkYajy;Muav\/ &[ef;tyg; 200? 300-cefY
wdkYrSmvnf; ]]q&mawmfudk rvTwf&if wdkYvnf; taocHr,f}}[l vdkufygvmMu&m? rif;vkvifrsm;rSm
xdkvlpkudk tenf;enf; ajzmif;jzajymqdk cGJxkwfaomfvnf; tcsnf;ESD;jzpfav\/ tusOf;axmifum;
ppfom;tajrmuftjrm; 0dkif;&HapmifYMuyfaeojzifY? tajy;vmMuaom vlpkonf wefYaepOf? ppfwyf
rsm;vnf; ypfcwfawmYrnf[k jyifqifaecdkuf? oefvsif0efa[mif;BuD;onf jrif;wpfpD;ESifY tajy;
vmvsuf ...]]tm;vkH; vlpkcGJjyefMu? 'g[m tusKd;rrsm;bl;? tcsnf;ESD; taorcHMueJY? ylwaubk&ifcHudk
igajymr,f ...}}[k ajzmif;jzajymqdkojzifY? vlpkrsm;uGJoGm;av\/ oefvsif0efrif;um; ylwau
bk&ifcH\ tdrfawmfodkY jrif;ESifYpdkif;ajy;av\/ odkY&mwGif tdrfawmfrSm wHcg;rsm; ydwfvsuf 0ifcGifY
r&awmYojzifY vufavQmYjyefcJY&&m? apmifYpm;aeMuaomvlxktm; ]]uaeY tcsdefrSdbl;? eufjzefrS
avQmufxm;awmif;,lrnf ... bmrQrylMueJY ...}}[k ajymqdk&av\/
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
RI
SK
oefvsifNrKdUolNrKdUom;wdkYum; tonf;udk tyfESifYqGouJYodkY txl;emusifMuav\/ pdwfESvkH;

xdckdufemusifvSaomfvnf; ckcHwdkufcdkuf&ef vufeuftiftm;rSdaMumif;udk pOf;pm;rdaomtcg? rdrdwdkY
twwfEdkifqkH;jzpfonfh ylwauvlrsKd; ysufpD;ygap? ab;awGUygap? &efolawGUygap ponfjzifY raumif;
qkawmif;jcif;? qJqdkjcif;jzifY a'got[kefudk tenf;i,fauseyfatmif jyKrlMu&av\/ nwGif
rD;rxGef;&? tul;toef; toGm;tvmrSd& [laom Oya'aMumifYvnf; tdrfom;tcsif;csif;rSty?
rdwfaqG tdrfeD;csif;wdkYESifY wdkifyifajymqdkjcif;rSd&/ wpftdrfESifY wpftdrf vSrf;atmfvsuf? q&mawmf
'kua&mufSmNyD? jrpHESifY &Jabmf ESdyfpufovdk ESdyfpuf&if tG,fawmfu BuD;NyDrdkY jyefawmfrl&monf[k
ajymaeMuav\/ armifbkef;jrifYum; a,mur oefvsif0efrif; eHeufwGif awmif;&vQif&? r&vQif
ppfwyfxJrS vk,lrnf[k tBuHtrsKd;rsKd;xkwfvsuf wnvkH; tcsdefukefavonf/
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
eHeufrdk;aomufcsdefodkYa&mufcJYav\/ usD;iSufwdkYonf opfyifudkif;jrifYrsm;rS tawmifcwf

toHay;vsuf tpmSmxGufMuukef\/ oefvsifNrKdUum; nu vlao wnvkH;tm;&atmif idka<u;
NyD;aemuf? armyef;pGm tdyfMuvsuf eHeufvif;vmaom romtdrfESifYwlav\/ rdk;vif; rsufvkH;
zGifYMuonfESifYwpfNyKdifeuf? oefvsifq&mawmf\ taMumif;udk ajymMujyef tcsKdUrSm idka<u;Mujyef
av\/ oefvsif0efrif;um; ylwaubk&ifcH\tdrfawmfodkY ta`cGt&Hryg wpfudk,fwnf; xGufcGm
oGm;um? ylwauudk,f&Hawmfrsm;xH cGifYawmif; tdrfawmfodkY0ifcJYav\/
Co
ylwaubk&ifcHvnf; aemufrSDzifxdkifudk xdkif&efnTefMum;vsuf avmuGwfysLiSm ESKwfqufNyD;

udpudk ar;av\/
Zarni 86
- 112 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
]]oefvsifq&mawmfudk raeYu zrf;qD;oGm;ygw,f/ 'Dvdkzrf;qD;wJYtwGuf wdkif;oljynfom;wdkY

rcHr&yfEdkifatmif jzpfaeMuygw,f ...}}
]]olykeftm;ay; jyKrlonfhtwGuf zrf;qD;jcif;jzpfvdkY ... wdkif;oljynfom;wdkY rausrcsrf;onfudk
uREkfyf em;rvnfyg ...}}
]]olykeftm;ay;onf qdk&mrSmvnf; wpfzufpum;om jzpfygvdrfYrnf/ tu,f rSefonf
xm;apOD;? touf 60-ausmf q&mawmfrSm bmrQvkyfEdkifrnf r[kwfyg/ wpfaMumif;rSmvnf; vufeuf
tiftm;jynfhpkHaom bk&ifcHrif;BuD;wdkYtm; ykefuefrnfqdk&mrSm jzpfajrmufEdkifzG,ftvkyf r[kwfyg/
bk&ifcHrif;BuD;wdkYuom oabmxm;BuD;onfhtaejzifY vGwfcGifYay;vQif vufatmufcHwdkif;&if;om;rsm;
MunfnKdpdwf wdk;ygvdrfYr,f ...}}
ylwaubk&ifcHum; oefvsifq&mawmfudk vTwfvdkaompdwf rSd? odkY&mwGif oefvsifq&mawmf
twGuf oefvsif0efa[mif;tm; wm0ef,l vTwfvQif? aemifwpfzef oefvsif0efudkyg zrf;qD;tjypfay;
Edkifrnf[k awG;awmrdojzifY ...
]]0efrif;uJYodkY yk*KdvfBuD;wpfa,mufu ajymqdkawmif;yefonfudk uREfkyfem;raxmifvQif
roifYawmfaybl;/ 0efrif;onf q&mawmftm; aemiftcg vli,ftm;ay; ajymqdkjyKrljcif;rSdatmif
wm0ef,lEdkifygYrvm; ...}}
RI
SK
]],lygYr,f ,lygYr,f ...}}[k aemifcgvm aemifcgaps;? ,ck q&mawmf csufcsif;vGwfvQif

NyD;a&m[k 0efcHvdkuf&m? ylwaubk&ifcHvnf; ppfAdkvfwpfOD;tm; trdefYpma&; oufawmfapmifYrsm;xH
oefvsif0efrif;ESifYtwl xnfhvdkufav\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
Zarni 86
- 113 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
tcef; (11)
oefvsif0efrif;um; ppfAdkvfESifYtwl ylwaubmomjzifY wvdkif;jrefrmwdkY\ pdwfae

oabmxm;udk ajymqdkvsuf axmifxJodkY 0ifa&mufoGm;&m? q&mawmftm; csKyfaESmifxm;&m tcef;odkY
a&mufvQif rsufvkH;jyL;oGm;av\/ taMumif;rlum; oefvsifq&mawmfrSm 0g;uGyfyspfwif
anmifapmif;ay:wGif pefYpefYBuD; ysHvGefawmfrl aeaomaMumifYwnf;/
oefvsif0efrif;vnf; ]]tr,fav; q&mawmfbk&m; ...}}[k idka<u;um a'goxGufvSojzifY ...
]]rif;wdkY owfwm? owfwJYvludk odapr,f ...}}[k Budrf;0g;ae&m? axmift&mSdu uJYodkY
r[kwfaMumif;? q&mawmfonf pdwfESvkH;cdkifrm a'goBuD;vGef;ojzifY noef;acgiftcsdefwGif BuKd;qGJcs
ysHvGefawmfrlaMumif; ajymqdk&m? oefvsif0efrif;vnf; axmiftwGif; MumMumraebJ q&mawmf\
tavmif;udk &vdkaMumif; ylwaubk&ifcHxHodkY wdkifNyD;vQif jyefvmcJYav\/
oefvsifwpfNrKdUvkH;vnf; tcsdefrMumciftwGif; oefvsifq&mawmf ysHvGefawmfrlaMumif;udk
Mum;odMuav&m? urmysufouJYodkY qlyGufidka<u;Muav\/ ylwaubk&ifcHvnf; tavmif;ay;zdkY?
ray;zdkY udpudk twGif;t&mSdrsm;ESifY wdkifyifaeMu&m? tu,f tavmif;udk ray;bJaeu wdkif;ol
jynfom;rsm; xdkYxuf rausrcsrf;jzpfrnf[k rsKd;cspfjrefrmt&mSdrsm;u avQmufxm;MuaomaMumifY?
,aeY aeYcsif; oN*K[fzdkY 0efcHapNyD; ay;tyf&ef trdefYxkwfav\/
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
RI
SK
naecif;um; oefvsifausmif;wdkuftwGif; avmifwdkuf jyom'fponfwdkYESifY crf;em;aom

bkef;BuD;ysHwpfckudk jrifMu&av\/ tcsdef jrefrm 4-5 em&DtwGif; rQBuD;us,fpnfum;atmif
jyKvkyfaejcif;jzifY vlxktiftm; rnfrQrsm;jym; oefvsifq&mawmftm; rnfrQ MunfnKdMuaMumif;udk
odomEdkifav\/ om"kudVe psmye oefvsifq&mawmf ysHvGefawmfrl&aomtaMumif;udk y&dowf
wdkYtm; a[majymvdkaom vli,fwdkYrSm pdwfdk;wdk;Gwjzpfvsuf tHBudwfaeMu&m? aeyap ra[meJY
rajymeJY avoHrxGufeJY[k ydwfyifxm;MuojzifY? tavmif;udk rsuf&nfjynfhaomrsufESmjzifY xrf;,lum
rD;avmifwdkufwGif oGif;Muav\/ rD;avmifpOftwGif; ylwauvlrsKd;wdkYtm; rEdkifrcsif; ykefuefrnf[l
t"d|mefjyKMuavownf;/
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
aerif;um; 'kurat; ylaqG;avmifuRrf;vsufSdMuaom? ukvm;jzLwdkY\ uRefjzpfaeMuonfh

wvdkif;jrefrm u&iftrsKd;om;wdkYtm; apmifYpm;MunfhSKjcif;iSm rpGrf;EdkifonfhtoGifjzifY? eDvGifaom
ta&mifrsm; jzmxGufum taemufa*g,muRef;odkY ,Gef;&efjyifqifaeav\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
oefvsifq&mawmfBuD;\ psmyerS jyefvmMuaom vlxkvlodkufwdkYvnf; rausrcsrf; wD;wdk;

ajymqdkvsufaeMu&m? armifbkef;jrifYonf taMumif;&if;udk ydkrdkodSdoljzpfav\/ oefvsif
q&mawmftm; axmifoif;rSL;wdkYonf vnfrsKdudktpfvsuf owfjzwfNyD;rS? tvdktavsmuf BuKd;qGJcs
aoqkH;[ef pDrHonfudk axmifwGif;olvQKdwpfOD;xHrS odSd&aomaMumifYvnf; oma'gyGum aerdMu
av\/ rif;xifvufsmtm; rsufESmpdrf;jzpfaomfvnf; t0u olvQKd[k tu,fyif ,kHrSwf twGif;a&;
Zarni 86
- 114 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
wdkYudk owdvpfum ajymrdaomaMumifY? toufudkyif pGefYvTwfysHvGefawmfrl&Smaom q&mawmftwGuf

oefvsif0efrif;ESifYwuG tdrfom;tm;vkH; xrif;udkrQ ajzmifYpGm rpm;EdkifMuawmYacs/ jrpHESifY &Jabmf
wdkYvnf; armifbkef;jrifY csdef;qdkxm;onfhtwdkif; trSwfwrJY vma&mufcJYMuav\/ armifbkef;jrifYum;
ai;armpOf;pm;ae&mrS ...
]]oli,fcsif;wdkY ... rif;wdkY owdudkawmY od&NyD/ 'DwpfBudrfawmY toufudk pGefYMu&vdrfYr,f/
tJonfawmY usyfusyfBuD; pOf;pm;MuzdkYyJ ...}}
]]'dkYESpfa,mufawmY rajymygeJYuGm/ 'dkY 'Dtaexuf rxl;awmYygbl;/ vlysKdudk,fawGrdkYvJ
aemufqHwif;p&m rSdygbl; ...}}
xdktcg armifbkef;jrifYu NyKH;vsuf ...
]]igYudk oHo,jzpfaeMuovm;/ igvJ rif;wdkYeJY aumif;wlqdk;bufvkyfr,fvdkY b,favmuf
aqmifGufvmcJYw,fqdkwm todom;eJY ...}}
]]r[kwfbl; ... rif;yJajymw,f r[kwfvm;/ igwdkYvkyf&r,fYtvkyf[m vufeuftiftm;csif;
rrQawmY b,fenf;eJYrS EdkifvdrYfr,f r[kwfbl;/ 'gayr,fY vlwpfrsKd; tkyfpdk;wmudk rcHvdkvQif SKH;wm
Edkifwm rpOf;pm;bJ? wpfcsDwpfcsDrSm olykefxNyD; taocH&r,f? 'grS 'DvlrsKd;udk 'dkYtkyfpdk;vdkYr&bl;qdkwm
odap&r,fqdkwm r[kwfvm;}}
RI
SK
]]trSefaygY ... 'gaMumifY 'dkY[m aovlvdkY oabmxm;NyD; pGefYpm;&rSmrdkY? rif;wdkY 'Doabmudk

av;av;eufeuf pOf;pm;zdkY ajym&wmaygY...}}
]]pdefvdkufyguG,f? 'dkYrsm;twGufawmY bmrSrylygeJY ...}}
ou
rO
xdktcg &Jabmfu ...
ll b
ea
ty
]]jrpHuvJuGm? 'dkYawmif pGefY0HYao;wm? armifbkef;jrifY[m 'dkYxuf owdaumif;wm bmrpGefY

&Jp&m SdovJ}}[k 0ifrmefojzifY? jrpHonf tenf;i,fNyKH; ...
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
]]igodygw,f? armifbkef;jrifY&JU tBuHPfowdudk ,lNyD;? 'dkY 4-5 a,mufxJeJY OD;pD;vkyfudkif

MuvdkY ylwumawG uRrf;oEmvefatmif taESmifYt,SufawGUaeMu&w,f r[kwfvm;/ 'gayr,fY
wcsKdUwdkif;jynfcspfwJYvlawG rSdr[kwf SdwmtrSef? om;r,m;0rf;pmtwGuf pdk;&drfMuvdkY? tcsKdUvJ
om;r,m;rpGefYEdkifMuvdkY vlrsKd;jcm;tvdkvdkufaeMu&wmvdkY xifw,f/ 'DawmY armifbkef;jrifY[m ,ck
pdwfeJY vG,fvG,frajymygeJY/ r,m;usawmY tawmfcufw,faemf/ igYbBuD; ajymzl;w,f? r,m;xd
"m;Munfhqdkwmvdk? r,m;eJYywfouf&if pGefYvTwfEdkifcJw,f/ wpfaMumif;rSmvJ armifbkef;jrifYwdkY
vifr,m;[m olrsm;cspfMuwmeJY rwlbl;uGJU ...}}
Zarni 86
- 115 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
]]w,fvJqdkwmudk; jrpH&/ cspfwmawmY trSefaygYuGm? 'gayr,fY igYtrsKd;tdk; igYtaz

MunfhMuyg? igYwpfouf SdNyD? jyefvdkYawmifrMunfhbl; ...}}
]]tdrf; ...rif;tazu olY&JUatmifjrifcsufudk wpfaeYaeY&r,fvdkY arQmfvifYaewm/ rif;wdkYigwdkY
vkyf&rSmu olrsm;tkyfpdk;wm rBuKdufvdkY wrif taocHjy&rSm/ 'Dvdk arQmfvifYcsufcsif; uGmjcm;aewmuG/
udkif;uG,f ... 'dkYudk csufcsif; tajzray;ygeJYOD;/ [dkudp raqmifGufcif pOf;pm;xm;wJYtcsufudk wpfv
ESpfvavmuftwGif;rSm vkyf&rSmrdkY rifYzmom wpfcgpOf;pm;ygOD; ...}}
xkdtcg armifbkef;jrifYonf oli,fcsif;rsm;ajymaompum;udk em;axmifcdkufrSmyif EG,fEG,f
uav;tm; pdwfu jzwfMunfhav\/ EG,fEG,f\ tjyKtrl taetxdkifonf rkef;wD;zG,f&m wpfckrQ
rjrif? toufay;cspfcJYol jzpfonfhtwdkif;? ,k,Muifem r,m;0wfrysufonfwdkYudkom ay:vm
av\/ uJYodkY ZeD;jzpfoltm; rpGefYypf&ufEdkifaom pdwfxm;udk aS;OD;pGm awGUBuKHav&m? 4if;\
pdwfudkyif wpfzef rcHcsifawmYbJ? igYpdwfonf aysmY\? wdkif;jynfEdkifiHcspfolonf tb,faMumifY
r,m;udk rpGefYbJSd&tHYenf;[k wif;jyefav\/ xdktcg rkqdk;rjzpf tb,fykHtb,fenf; usef&pf
Smrnfudk ay:aygufvmjyefojzifY? ai;armae&mu [efrysufNyKH;&if; ...
]]rif;wdkY 'gavmufpOf;pm;ckdif;aewmudk
pGefYEdkifygYrvm; ...}}
pOf;pm;&wmaygYuG,f/
jrpHaum
rif;[dk'if;udk
]]tdkuG,f ... igu wpfzufowf cspfaewm/ olu b,fvdkrSef;rod? &nf;pm;aomfrS r[kwf

ao;bJ oli,fcsif;&m ... ar;zdkYrvdkygbl; ...}}
RI
SK
]]'gxuf arSmf0ef;e,feJY ykodrfe,fudk taMumif;Mum;NyD;yvm;/ awmfovif;upNyD; vkyf&r,f/

'grS vkyfaygufudkifayguf vmbfjrifNyD; wGifus,fatmif aqmifGufEdkifMur,f ...}}
ty
ou
rO
]]tukef taMumif;Mum;xm;w,f ... awmfovif;vqef;upNyD; vkyfudkifMuzdkYyJ/ tcsdefapm

ayr,fY b,fwwfEdkifrvJuG,f ... 'DvdktcgupNyD; vkyfrSaygY? udkif; 'dkYjyefvdkufOD;r,f ...}}[k oli,fcsif;
ESpfOD; ESKwfqufum jyefoGm;Muav\/
ok
wi
ll b
ea
oefvsif0efrif;onf armifbkef;jrifYwdkY wdkifyifaeMuonfudk *krpdkufbJ bk&m;0wfjyKaeav&m?

NyD;cgeD;usrS pum;tpGeftzsm; Mum;odvdkuf&ojzifY armifbkef;jrifYtm; ac:ar;av\/
his
bo
]]arSmf0ef;eJY ykodrfe,fuyg taMumif;Mum;wm bmvJ vluav;&JU ...}}
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
]]wjcm;r[kwfbl; ... tonfrsm;qDu tcGefawmif;wJY puLrifpm trSwftom;awG? oabFm

jynfu vmwJY ukeftaumuf trSwftom;pm? NyD;awmY aumufodrf;&if tcGefaumufzdkY vkyfudkifwJY
pm&if;trSwftom;awG? w&m;pD&ifwJYqDu tcif;rSwfom;csufawG? tJ'gawGudk cdk;,l? rD;SKdUwefSKdU?
tvGwfcdk;r&&if odrf;xm;wJY taqmuftODawGudk rD;SKdUypfzdkY bb&JU ...}}
Zarni 86
- 116 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
]]tdrf; ... tkyfcsKyfwJYae&mrSm txdcdkufqkH;aygYuG,f/ 'gayr,fY aumufodrf;csdef tcGefaumuf,l

qJrSm vkyf&if omNyD;raumif;bl;vm; ...}}
]]'DawmYvJ usefwJYolawGu vkyf&pfMuvdrfYraygY/ uRefawmfwdkYu tcsdefrSdawmYbl; ...}}
]]owdwrH Pfajruwkwf? ynmpGef; cRef;uJYodkYtkyf&rwJY? igYom; tpp owdxm;yg/ bb&JU
todkufttkH vlxkaumif;vdkY rdavmufwJYtcsufudk Smaewm/ t&rf;uma&mvkyf&if vlawG onfhxuf
Murf;rSm pdk;&drf&vdkY? bbeJY om;udk BuKd;SnfeJYvSefovdk tomapmifYaeMuwmuGJU ...}}
]]uRefawmf owdjyKygw,f ... bbbk&m;twGufom pdk;&drfwmyg ...}}
]]bbawmY toufvJ BuD;NyDrdkY aoaysmfygNyDuG,f ... tnGefYtwuf tpGrf;tpeJY igYom;vdk
vli,fawG[m udk,fYtrsKd; udk,fYbk&ifeJY at;at;csrf;csrf;? olYvufatmufrSm wufvrf;Sdoavmuf
rBuD;yGm;&bJ? 'Drdpm'd|dawG vufatmufrSm avmif;&dyfrdNyD; ayguf&wJYopfyifi,fawG jzpfaeMu
Smwmudk pdwfESvkH;,lBuKH;r&atmif jzpfaewmyJ...}}[k tbkd;BuD;rSm ajym&if; &ifxJu qdkYvmSmav\/
]]uRefawmfwdkY uHaygY bb&,f/ aemifvmaemufom;awGom uRefawmfwdkYvdkrsKd; rawGUBuKHMuyg
apeJYvdkY qkawmif;&awmYrSmyJ ...}}
]]tqdk;qkH;vlwpfrsKd; tkyfpdk;jcif;cH&wJY 0efxkyf[m tvGefav;vHNyD; emvHxlEdkifzdkY tcJ,Of;om;
uvm;? udkif; udkif; ... igYom; tdyfacsawmY ...}}[k ajymqdkojzifY armifbkef;jrifYonf rdrd\tdyfcef;odkY
ul;cJYav\/
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
RI
SK
uJvm;tjyifbuf arSmifuG,frS rnf;rnf;o@mefwpfckonf armifbkef;jrifYtvmudk apmifYpm;

ae[efSdav\/ armifbkef;jrifYrSm rdrd0if;NcH tdrfywfvnfwGif tapmifYtaSmuf aus;uRefrsm;
csxm;onfhtjyif? udk,fwdkifvnf; vSnfhvnfMunfhSKNyD; jzpfaomaMumifY? &efolwpfOD;wpfa,muf
tdrfay:wGifdSrnfudk vkH;0rawG;bJ? ZeD;onfuav; Sd&modkYom cyfoGufoGuf oGm;av&m? uJvm;udk
rvdkufonfESifYwpfNyKdifeuf EG,fEG,fuav;udk rawGU&awmYbJ? 4if;\aemufrS wpfpkHwpfOD;\vufonf
cg;udkxdrnftvkyf vsifjrefpGm vufjyefcwf zrf;vdkufav\/
ok
wi
]]tv,fv,f ... emygw,f udkbkef; ...}}
his
ft
us
eo
]]tdk ... EG,fEG,fvm;? bmvdkY toHray;vJ ...}}
bo
armifbkef;jrifYonf vufudkvTwfvdkufNyD;vQif ...
Co
mm
erc
i
al
]]udkbkef;udk arSmif&dyfu apmifYaewm? udkbkef;u bmawGawG;oGm;wmvJ ... jrifawmif

rjrifbl;? 'gaMumifY aemufu vdkufvmwm ...}}[k cspfol\rsufESmudk cyfNyKH;NyKH;uav; MunfhSK
ajymqdk&if; anmifapmif;wGif ,SOfwGJxdkifrdMuav\/
Zarni 86
- 117 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
]]EG,fEG,f ... udkbkef;udk tm;BuD;cspfw,faemf ...}}[k pum;qufrSdbJ ar;vdkufaom

armifbkef;jrifY\ toHonf EG,fEG,fuav;tm; xdwfvefYoGm;apav\/ EG,fEG,fonf armifbkef;jrifY
ar;aompum;onf t"dyg,fyg\/ b,fvkdt"dyg,fESifY ar;wmvJ[k awG;awmum cspfpzG,f
aumif;aom rsufvkH;av;jzifY MunfhSK&if;? ]]udkbkef;}}[k wpfcGef;om ac:vdkufav\/
armifbkef;jrifYum; 4if;\twGif;pdwfu qlyGufaeoavmuf? EG,fEG,fuav;tm; rajym&uf
ojzifY ]]EG,fEG,f udkbkef;udk tm;BuD;cspfw,faemf ...}}[k 4if;udk,fwdkif edrdwfjyar;cGef;ESifY ar;rdjcif;
jzpfav\/ EG,fEG,fum; 19-ESpf? armifbkef;jrifYum; 22-ESpf? aygif;oif; 4-ESpfausmf 5-ESpf&moD
wdkifcJYavNyD/ ]]cspfw,faemf ...}}[k ar;zG,frvdk/ xdkodkYar;jcif;onf taMumif;wpfpkHwpf&mESifY
ywfouf&rnf[k EG,fEG,f awG;rdaomaMumifY? tajzray;bJ armifbkef;jrifYemrnfudk ac:rdjcif;jzpf&m?
armifbkef;jrifYrSm rdrdajymvdkaom pum;rsm;udk rajymjyawmYbJ? EG,fEG,f\vnfyif;av;udk wif;usyfpGm
ayGUzuf &ifcsif;yg;csif;tyfum? 4if;\ BuHG,fcsufESifY qefYusifaom trlt&mwdkYudkjyKrdav\/
]]udkbkef; bmvdkY 'Dpum;udk ar;&wmvJ? oli,fjyefaewmvm; ...}}[k EG,fEG,fonf xyfrH
ar;jyef&m? EdkifiHta&;twGuf toufpGefY&ef &nfG,fxm;aom vlpGrf;aumif;BuD;rSm ]]bmrS r[kwfyg
bl;uG,f ... EG,fEG,fu cspfw,fvdkYajym&if em;axmifaumif;vdkYyg ...}}[k vSD;vTJajymqdkvdkufav\/
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
RI
SK
]]udk,fYcspfoludk rcspfyJaeygYrvm; ... cspfwmaygY/ udkbkef; 0goemaMumifY e,fxGufoGm;wJY

tcgrsm;qdk vGrf;&ufaqG;&ufeJY udkbkef; pdwftaESmifYt,SufjzpfrSmpdk;vdkYom rajymrdwm ... pdwfuawmY
tqif;&Jom;bJ ...}}[k 0rf;xJSdoavmuf ajymqdkav\/ xkdpum;rsm;rSm EG,fEG,f\oabmtwdkif;
ajymonf[k armifbkef;jrifY ,kHMunfav\/ xdkodkY,kHMunfhojzifY 2-&uf 3-&uf 5-&ufrQ uGJuGm
aeonfudkyif raewwf rxdkifwwf? vGrf;qGwfae&pfSmaom ZeD;onfonf rdrd toufqkH;aomtcg
tb,fuJYodkY ae&Smavrnfenf;/ rdrdonf olrsm;xuf pdwf"mwfaysmY cspfZeD;tm; rQ trQif
wef;um aerdavoavm/ tcsKdUvlrsm;rSm ppfyGJodkY aornf Sifrnfrod vdkufyg0HYMuvsuf? ZeD;onf
twGuf aMumifYMurSKudk azsmufEdkifoavmuf azsmufcJYMu\/ rdrdrSm ZeD;onftm; rpGefY&uf
tb,fYaMumifY jzpf&oenf;/ trSeftm;jzifY armifbkef;jrifYonf ppfyGJxGufoluJYodkY xGuf&rnfjzpfu
xGufEdkifrnfyifjzpfav\/ ppfyGJyrm MurmarTu toufyifaowwfaom pGefYpm;rsKd;jzifY aoewfajymif;
Mum;xJu rdpm'd|dwdkYtm; ajrjyifay:rS azsmufzsufcJYzl;\/ 4if;\pdwfwGif aumufdk;rD;SKdU&oavmuf
cufcJonf[krxif? ZeD;onfudkvnf; raMumifYMu/ ,ckrlum; vufeuftiftm; rsm;jym;jynfhpkHaom
vlrsKd;jcm;udk rkcsqwfqwf touftaocHwdkufcdkuf&rnf jzpfojzifY wpfxpfcs r,m;pGefY aorif;
EdkifiHodkY vdkuf&rnf[laom awG;awmcsufaMumifY ykxkZOfwdkY obm0twdkif; usef&pfoltwGuf
aemufqHwif;jcif; jzpfrdav\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
EG,fEG,fuav;um; armifbkef;jrifY\ pdwful;tBuHtpnfudk rod? ukvm;jzLrsm;ESifY

wdkufcdkuf&ef BuHpnfNyD;aemuf rif;rSKxrf; rvkyf&ef? ukefonfobm0 a&mif;0,fazmufum;aexdkif&ef
aSUa&;udk warQmfwpfac:awG;vsuf pdwful;&orQajymqdk&if; tdyfaysmfav\/ tcsdefrSm oef;acgif,H
bufodkY eD;uyfvmNyDjzpf? rif;vkvifwdkY nOfhtcsdef uif;vSnfhMuaomtoH? acG;a[mifoHrsm;udkom
Mum;&av\/
Zarni 86
- 118 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
qdwfNidrfjcif;onf pdwful;olwdkYtm; tawG;us,f&ef axmufyHYonfhtvm; pOf;pm;cef; rqkH;

Edkifatmif jzpfaeav\/ EG,fEG,fum; toufSLrSefrSefESifY ESpfNcKdufpGm tdyfaysmfaeav\/ 4if;\
vufwpfzufrSm armifbkef;jrifY\ &ifbwfay:odkYwifvsuf? usefvufwpfzufum; 4if;\ pdkjynf
jynfhazmif;vsufSdavaom &if0ay:wGif wifxm;av\/
armifbkef;jrifYonf cspfcifoludk tem;uxm;vsuf? tjypftemtqm rkef;xm;p&mrSdbJ
vufvGwfxGufcGm&ef pOf;pm;aerdjcif;onf tusKd;rSdaMumif;udk PfrjrifrdbJ? axGaxG&m&m
pdwful;&if; 3-A[dk&fcefYwGifrS tdyfaysmfoGm;av\/
aemufwpfaeY eHeufwGifvnf; xdkta&;udk pOf;pm;jyefaomfvnf; tBuHr&ao;acs/ tjcm;
pOf;pm;rdcsufum; EG,fEG,fonf rdrdtm; rkef;xm;&efjzpfav\/ tu,f EG,fEG,fonf 4if;tm;
rkef;xm;u? rkef;xm;aeoltay: iJYuGufp&mrSd? rdrdjyKcsif&mudk &uf&ufcGm jyKEdkifrnfjzpfav\/
odkY&mwGif EG,fEG,fum; rkef;xm;&ef rqdkxm;bd? rdrd pdwfem pdwfaxmifYjzpfay:&ef tjyKtrlrsKd;
wpfuGufrQ rjyKbJ? rdrdajymqdkorQudk q&mtm; cspfaMumufdkaoaom wynfhonf q&mYpum;udk
wpfoa0rwdrf; vdkufemouJYodkY? rnf;qdkvQifrnf; jzLqdkvQifjzLumaeonfudk rkef;xm;atmif
tb,fodkY vkyfEdkifygrnfenf;/ tu,f dkufESufqJqdk rw&m;ESdyfpufuvnf; enf;vrf;usrnf
r[kwf/ xdkodkY ESdyfpufojzifYvnf; EG,fEG,frSm rkef;rnfhtpm;rsKd; r[kwfonfudk awG;awmrdaomtcg
rsm;pGm tBuHtdkufaeav\/ EdkifiHta&;aMumifY r,m;udkpGefYvTwf&ef rQtcsdefMumatmif pOf;pm;
rdaom rdrd\pdwfudkvnf; rauseyfbJ ai;armawGa0 aerdSmav\/
RI
SK
tcsdefum; qGrf;cHjyefaomtcsdef jzpfav\/ EG,fEG,fonf rsufpdrsufESmraumif;bJ qGrf;cH

vmMuaom oHCmawmfwdkYtm; udk,fwdkif qGrf;avmif;NyD;vQif? zcifESifY armifbkef;jrifY pm;&ef xrif;yGJ
rsm;udk jyifqifumaeav\/
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
tcdkif;taprsm;Sdaomfvnf; tdrfaxmifusuwnf;u rdcifESifY csufjyKwfwwfatmifoifvsuf?

udk,fwdkif csufjyKwfjyKpkcJYonfrSm wpfaeYrQ 0w&m;rysufcJYao;ay/ armifbkef;jrifYu csD;rGrf;
ajymqdkonfudkyif tvGefauseyfaecJYonfhtwdkif; ...]]udkbkef; vmav? xrif;pm;&atmif}}[k vma&muf
ac:iifrS? rdrd\awG;awmcsufudk qdkif;iHYvsuf vdkufygcJYav\/ EG,fEG,f csufjyKwfjyifqifxm;aom
[if;vsmrsm;rSm ydkrdkaumif;rGefonf[k rSwfxifrdav\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
xdkodkY xrif;pm;aecdkuf ]]EG,fEG,f}}[k ac:vdkufaom rdef;rysKdwpfOD;\toHudk Mum;&ojzifY?

armifbkef;jrifY\ awG;awmcsufwGif PfyGifYvmav\/ EG,fEG,fvnf; ae&mrSxum ]]SifjzLvm; ...
vmav 'Dudk ...}}[k 4if;wdkYaeaomtcef;odkY ac:aqmifoGm;av\/ EG,fEG,fum; SifjzLESifY pum;
aumif;pGm rajymtm;ao;? cifyGef;onf xrif;pm;onfhab;rS a&cGuf? vufokwfy0g? uGrf;,m
ponfwdkYudk apmifYay;Smao;\/ pm;aomufrSKudpNyD;rS tcef;wGif;odkY0ifum SifjzLESifY pum;ajym
av&m? armifbkef;jrifYrSm {nfhcef;wGif xdkifaeav\/
Zarni 86
- 119 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
4if;wdkYum; txl;taxGr[kwf? SifjzLonf 4if;wdkYtdrftwGif; jrKyfxm;aom aoewfrsm;udk

jrpHESifY &JabmfwdkYvlpk nOD;u xkwfoGm;onfhtjyif? 4if;\zcifxHrS abmfcGufwq,fudkvnf; ,l
oGm;aomaMumifY vma&mufar;jref;jcif;jzpfav\/
]]t[kwfrodygbl; SifjzL&,f ... odayr,fYvnf; bmtaMumif;xl;vdrfYrvJ/ 'gYaMumifY
EG,fEG,fawmY dk;vdkYyJaeygNyD ... udkbkef;ajym&if odrSmyJvkdY at;at;aevdkufwmyJ ...}}
]]uRefrvJ odwefoavmuf odygw,f/ ta&;BuD;ovm;vdkY ar;csifvdkYygyJ/ uRefrwdkY rdef;r
jzpf&wJYb0 tvGefatmufuswmyJ/ a,musfm;av;&if b,favmufaysmfvdkufrvJaemf ... aovJtrsm;
SifvJtrsm;eJY ...}}
armifbkef;jrifYonf aemufqkH; SifjzLajymaompum;udk Mum;vdkuf&&m? rdef;uav;rsm;yif
pdwfrsKd; Sdygvsuf? rdrdonf tb,faMumifY aemufqHwif;ae&ovJ? olYxdkufeJYolYuH usefcsifovdk
usef&pfyap[k pdwfudkwif;um 4if;\ b,fvuf0g;udk nmvufoD;ESifY xkrdav\/ SifjzLum;
aemufu jzpfysufcJYykHESifY oefvsifq&mawmf ysHvGefawmfrlykH? &ufuef;vkyfief;BuD;yGm;ykHwdkYudk ajymqdk
NyD;aemuf? jyefawmYrnf[k xGufcJY&m EG,fEG,fvnf; vdkufygvmcJYav\/
armifbkef;jrifYonf SifjzL\ rsufESmuav;udk Tef;Tef;pm;pm;Munfhvsuf ]]SifjzLa& jyefawmY
rvm;uG,f ...}}[k ESKwfquf&m? SifjzLuvnf; t"dyg,fygaom rsufvkH;jzifY wpfcsufrQ SufaMumuf
[efESifY MunfhNyD;vQif ]][kwfuJY}}[k jyefajymav\/ EG,fEG,fum; armifbkef;jrifYu Tef;Tef;pm;pm;
MunfhvdkufykH? SifjzLu jyefvSefMunfhSKykHwdkYudk jrif&aomfvnf;? rjrifouJYodkY *krxm;onfhtaejzifY?
SifjzLtm; avSum;xdatmif vkdufydkYNyD;vQif jyefvmcJYav\/
RI
SK
4if;uyif SifjzLonf rdef;ryDoaMumif;? aÈ&aMumif;? tvkyftudkifawmfaMumif;rsm;udk

csD;rGrf;ajymqdkav&m armifbkef;jrifYonf tHYtm;oifYaeav\/
ty
ou
rO
EG,fEG,fonf pum;quf ...]]udkbkef; aemufwpfa,muf ,lr,frsm;BuH&if SifjzLudk ,laemf}}

[k rarQmfvifYaompum;udk ajymqdkjyef&m? EG,fEG,ftm; usDpm;vdkojzifY ...
wi
ll b
ea
]]EG,fEG,f auseyfw,faemf ...}}
bo
ok
]]bmrauseyfp&mSdovJ ... wcsKdU 4-5 a,mufawmif ,lao;wmyJ[m ...}}
mm
erc
i
]]'gjzifY EG,fEG,f ajymay; ...}}
al
us
]]t[kwf ...}}[k EG,fEG,fu ajymavvQif ...
eo
ft
his
]]t[kwfaemf ...}}
Co
]]tdk ... 'DvdkawmY b,faumif;rvJ ...}}[k jyefajymav\/
Zarni 86
- 120 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
]]tdrf; 'gjzifY udk,fYtpGrf;eJYudk,f vnfywf&wmaygY}}[k &,farmajymqdkMu&if; ESpfa,mufom;

tcef;wGif;odkY 0ifMuav\/ EG,fEG,fum; armifbkef;jrifY 0wf&ef zsifrsm;udk csKyfvkyfae&m?
armifbkef;jrifYrSm nu ttdyfysufojzifY wpfa&;rQtdyfaeav\/
tdyf&muEdk;vQif tu,fyif SifjzLwdkYtdrfodkY xGufcJYav\/ SifjzLESifY pum;tawmfMumatmif
ajymqdkNyD;aomtcg jyefcJYav\/ EG,fEG,fu ar;aomtcgvnf; ruG,fraxmuf SifjzLwdkYtdrfu
jyefcJYaMumif; ajymav\/ enf;twdkif; 2-&ufceYf oGm;rdaomtcg? EG,fEG,fonf raeEdkifawmYbJ ...
]]udkbkef; b,fYES,fvJ ...}}[k ar;av\/
]]pOf;pm;OD;r,fwJYuG,f ...}}[k ajym&m? EG,fEG,fonf aÈrysufbJ ]]'gjzifY [efusaewmaygY}}
[k ajymqdkav\/
aemufwpfaeYvnf; armifbkef;jrifYonf SifjzLwdkYtdrfodkY xGufcGmoGm;av&m? tcsdef 2-em&DcefY
tMumwGif EG,fEG,f vdkufoGm;av\/ SifjzL\ 0if;NcHtwGif;0ifrd okH;cef;aygufukwifBuD;udk
umxm;onfh wpfzuftpGef;odkY a&mufavvQif? xl;qef;aompum;udk Mum;&ojzifY &yfwefYum
em;pdkufaeav\/
]]uRefruawmY owdSdwJYvlqdk&if
tBuHawG ysufrSmaygY udkbkef;&JU ...}}
tvGefoabmuswmygyJ/
'gayr,fY
tckaecspfrd&if
]]aemufawmYaum ...}}
ou
rO
RI
SK
]]aemuftcgus&ifawmY rcJ,Of;bl;qdkygawmYav/ qkvmbftjzpfeJYyJ vufcHygYr,f ...}}[k

toHMum;NyD;vQif &,foHrsm;udk wpfzefMum;&av\/ EG,fEG,fuav;rSm rnfrQoabmxm;BuD;onf[k
qdk&apumrl? &ifuav; zdkvsuf rwfwwfu rvJ&ef txl;owdxm;&av\/ xdkYaemuf qufvuf
em;raxmifvdkojzifY SifjzLwdkY rjrifcif vsifjrefpGm jyefcJYav\/
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
armifbkef;jrifYvnf; EG,fEG,fjyefoGm; wpfem&DcefYMumvQif jyefcYJav&m? anmifapmif;ay:wGif

acGacGuav;aeSmaom ZeD;onfudk awGU&av\/ tu,f armifbkef;jrifY jyefvmcJYrSef; EG,fEG,f
odvQif rsuf&nfpdkaeaom trlt&mudk awGUjrif&rnfr[kwfacs/ usDp,fvdkonfh oabmESifY ajcoH
rMum;atmif vmaomaMumifY awGUjrif&jcif; jzpfav&m? armifbkef;jrifYrSm rsm;pGm tHYtm;oifY
aerdav\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
4if;onf SifjzL\tdrfodkY tvnfoGm;&mwGif EG,fEG,f vdkufvmykH? acsmif;ajrmif; em;axmifykH

wdkYudk odcJYav\/ odkY&mwGif EG,fEG,fudk,fwdkifu oabmwlMunfjzLrnfh taersKd; ajymaomaMumifY?
EG,fEG,fMum;&aom pum;rsm;twdkif; SifjzLtm; ajymqdkrdjcif;jzpfav\/ EG,fEG,fonf armifbkef;jrifY
jyefa&mufvmrSef; odonfESifYwpfNyKdifeuf? rsuf&nfudk vsifjrefpGm ajcmufapvsuf? cyfNyKH;NyKH; MunfhSK
aeav\/ odkY&mwGif 0rf;wGif;u tylonf txufodkYwufum rsufESmaoG;aMumrsm;udk jyKjyifojzifY?
Zarni 86
- 121 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
jyKjyif&aom yg;pyf ESKwfcrf;av;rS ty? rsufESmtrlt&mrSm 0rf;enf;onfht&dyfta,mifudk ay:vGif

apavawmY\/
armifbkef;jrifYvnf; EG,fEG,f\ ezl;jyifudk vufwif ,k,pGm yGwfoyf&if; ...
]]b,fYES,f EG,fEG,f ... bmjzpfaewmvJ tvS&,f ...}}[k ar;&m? vdrfvnfrajymwwfaom
EG,fEG,fonf ]]0rf;enf;vdkYyg ...}}[k ajymvdkufav\/ wpfzef qufvufum ...
]]uRefr ... udkbkef; SifjzLudk BuKdufvdrfYr,fqdkwm r,kHbl;/ wu,fpum;ajymaewm Mum;&rS
t[kwfBuKdufaew,fvdkY od&w,f/ NyD;awmY uRefrpdwfrSmvnf; SifjzLudk udkbkef; vdkcsifvdkY ,lw,f
xm;ygOD;? auseyfpGm cGifYjyKEdkifvdrfYr,fvdkY xifrdw,f/ ckawmY 'Dvdkr[kwfbl; ... EG,fEG,f&JU pdwfudkvJ
rauseyfawmYbl;/ bmaMumifY 'Dvdk 0rf;enf;pdwfrsKd;ay:&ovJvdkY ... udk,fYudk,fudkvnf; txifwpfrsKd;
jzpfoGm;rdw,f ...}}
]]'gjzifY udkbkef;udk rkef;vdkufygvm;uG,f? EG,fEG,fYudk rcspfawmYbJ[m ... cspf&if SifjzLudk
tvum; pum;ajymaeygYrvm; ...}}
]]udkbkef;udk rkef;EdkifygYrvm;/ SifjzLwifruvdkY b,favmufyJ,l,l EG,fEG,f rrkef;Edkifbl;/
'gayr,fY 'djyifwpfOD;eJY &nfiHwmjrif&&if pdwfqif;&JwmwpfckyJ ... taeusyfwmyg/ tJovdk
pdwfaysmufatmif rvkyfEdkifvdkYvnf; 0rf;enf;wmyg ...}}[k ajym&if; rsuf&nfrsm; ,dkqif;jyefav\/
ty
ou
rO
RI
SK
armifbkef;jrifYum; EG,fEG,f\pdwfudk prf;vdk vSnfhpm;jcif;rQjzpf&m? EG,fEG,fonf 4if;tm;

rkef;xm;vQif tBuHatmifjrifEdkifrnf[k arQmfvifYrdav\/ odkY&mwGif EG,fEG,fu rrkef;Edkifonfhtcg
SifjzLudk b,fvdkrS oabmrxm;aMumif;? EG,fEG,f acsmif;em;axmifrSef;od txifvGJatmif pum;
ajymjcif;jzpfaMumif;? trSefrSm jrpHESifY SifjzL arwmul;pufatmif qufoG,fwD;acgufMunfhjcif;
jzpfaMumif;wdkYudk Sif;jy&av\/ xdktcgusrS EG,fEG,frSm pdwfoufomonfh vuPmESifY ]]udkbkef;udk
b,fawmYrS rrkef;Edkifygbl;? 'dxufru prf;oyfayr,fY pdwfrysufygbl; ...}}[k tm;yg;w& ajymqdkum
tMunfqdkuf aeMuavownf;/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
Zarni 86
- 122 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
tcef; (12)
ukvm;jzL? ukvm;rnf;wdkYtm; owfjzwfrSKESifY rMumcP tcsif;jzpfyGm;aeaom oefvsif

NrKdUonf tcsdef 14-5 &ufMumatmif owfjzwfrSK yaysmufvsuf qdwfNidrfaecJYav\/ vli,frsm;
rSmvnf; aÈ&& aexdkifvsufSdMuav\/ ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;? vloGm;vlvmrsm;vnf; aS;uxuf
om,mvsuf? ylwauvlrsKd;rsm;yif tHYtm;oifYaeMuav\/ 4if;wdkYESdyfuGyfojzifY vli,frsm;
aMumufGHUaomaMumifY at;csrf;pGm vufavQmYaexdkifMuonf[kvnf; xifrSwfMu[efSdav\/
nOfhwpfnOfhum; nOfhvSnfhuif;orm;wdkYonf rdrdwdkY0w&m;twdkif; vSnfhvnfaeMu&m?
ta&;BuD;aom taqmuftODBuD;rsm;wGifvnf; aoewfudk,fpDESifY 2-a,muf wpfwGJ? 3-a,muf
wpfwGJ ponfjzifY apmifYMuyfaeMuav\/
trSKtcif;? tcGefaiGpm&if; ponfwdkYudk pkaygif;odrf;qnf;xm;onfh ta&;tBuD;qkH;
taqmuftODBuD;um; tkwfwdkufjzifY aqmufvkyfxm; ab;wGif ppfom;q,fOD;rQ tjrJapmifY
aeav\/ ppfom;rsm;rSmum; q,fOD;pvkH; rtdyfrae apmiYfMuonfr[kwf? 8-a,mufrSm tdyfaeum
2-a,mufom vrf;avQmufaeMujcif;jzpfav\/
oufBuD;acgif;cs tcsdefum; ppfom;tcsKdU tdyfaysmfaeMuav\/ xdktcdkuf ppfom;
2-a,muftm; rnf;rnf;o@mef 2-ckonf ajrBuD;rS wGm;vmum ajcovkH;nKdUousnf;udk dkufvSJ
NyD;aemuf vsifjrefpGm zrf;qD;wkyfaESmifvsufSdMu&m? aoewfrsm; ab;wGi faxmifvsufSdaom
ppfom;rsm;wGifvnf; BuKd;ESifYwkyfaESmifum vl 20-cefY 0dkif;rdNyD;jzpfav\/
ou
rO
RI
SK
xdktapmifYppfom;rsm;wGifvnf; vli,frsm;oGif;xm;aom olvQKdwpfOD; ygojzifY vkyfudkif

BuHpnf&mwGif omvG,fulav\/ pdwftm;xufoefaom vli,fwdkYum; ppfom;rsm; ratmfEdkifatmif
yg;pyf t0wfESifYqdkYum BuKd;jzifY wif;usyfpGm wkyfaESmifNyD;vQif tkwfwdkufab;wGif ajrrsm;udkwl;
aeMuav\/
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
vufarmif;tm;oefaom avSavSmfom;rsm;jzpfonfhtwdkif;? wpfa,mufwpfvSnfhpD wl;um

ajro,foluo,fjzifY jyKvkyfaeMu&m? MuufOD;wGefcsdef jrefrmq,fem&DcefYMumatmif wl;rdaomtcg
wdkufatmufodkY vdkPfacgif;jzpfvsuf vlwpfudk,f 0ifEdkifav\/ xdktaygufrS *a[ydwfvsuf twGif;
,rf;rSKefYrsm;? oHwdkcJprsm; xnfhxm;aom oHpnfjywfudk wdkufatmufodkYoGif;um ,rf;peufudk
tjyifodkY xkwf,lcJYMuav\/
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
tcsKdUvli,frsm;rSm wdkufay:odkYwufvsuf ,rf;rSKefYrsm;? a&eHacs;rsm; qGwfzsef;xm;onfh

t0wfrsm;udk tESHYtjym;wifvsuf? vJrSKdU ,rf;jzL;xm;aom tprsm;wGif rD;cwfausmufjzifY SKdU xm;cJY
NyD;aemuf qif;Muav\/ wdkufatmuf ,rf;tdk;peufwGif rD;SKdUNyD;aomtcg vli,ftm;vkH;
MuufaysmufiSufaysmuf aysmufoGm;Muav\/
Co
Mu,feDay:ptcsdefodkY a&mufaomtcg? oefvsifwpfNrKdUvkH; ivsifawmfvnf;? rdk;BuKd;ypfaom

toHBuD;rsKd; jrnf[def;vsuf tvif;a&mifrsm; ay:aygufvm&m? armif;oH? wkH;acgufoH? rD; ... rD;[k
Zarni 86
- 123 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
atmfoHrsm; qlyGuf oGm;avawmY\/ ppfom;rsm;? rif;vkvifrsm;vnf; rD;avmif&mqDodkY tajy;

vmMuav&m? ab;u 0dkif;0ef;Nidrf;owfaomfvnf; taqmuftODBuD;rSm rD;avmifpmESifYwuG jyif;jyif;
xefxef aygufuGJavmifuRrf;aeojzifY rEdkifeif;awmYbJ? MunfhomaeMu&av\/
wdkufBuD;rSm tkwfrsm;NyKdysufvsuf? opfom;ae&m[lorQ rD;aoG;rQusefSdav\/ rD;SdefrSm eHeuf
aexGufwjyLyif avmifuRrf;wkef;jzpfav\/
ylwaubk&ifcHum; ta&;BuD;aomt&mSdrsm;ESifY udk,f&Hawmfrsm; NcH&Hvsuf? rD;avmif&modkY
vma&mufMunfhSKNyD;vQif rsufESmnKdoGm;av\/ teD;Sd jrefrmt&mSdwpfOD;tm; ...
]]uREfkyfwdkY tkyfcsKyfonfwGif pm&if;tif;? trSwftom;? tcGefaiGwdkY[m ta&;BuD;aMumif;?
,ckuJYodkY jyKrljcif;onf uREfkyfwdkY\tkyfcsKyfrSKudk txl;xdcdkufaMumif;? odkYtwGuf vli,frsm;udk
cyfMurf;Murf; zdESdyf&awmYrnf xifaMumif; ...}} ajymqdkav\/
jrefrmt&mSdvnf; rnfodkYrQ pum;rqdkbJ 0rf;enf;onfh[efjzifY MunfhSKaeav\/
rif;vkvifESifY olvQKdwdkYum; vli,frsm;udk vdkufvHSmazGvsuf rouFmaom vli,ftcsKdUudk zrf;qD;Mu
av\/ rnfonfhtcgrQ odkYjzpfvdrfYrnf[k rarQmfvifYaomudptwGuf? wdkif;&if;om;vli,frsm;
pdwful;aumif;aumif; tcsufusus vkyfudkifvdkufjcif;jzpfav&m? ylwauvlrsKd;tm;vkH;yif pdwfESvkH;
ajcmufjcm;oGm;av\/
RI
SK
tBuD;qkH;taqmuftODudk NzKdzsufNyD;onfaemuf arSmf0ef;e,f? ykodrfe,f? '*kef? 'v ponf

wdkYvnf; kH;vkvifXme ponfwdkYrS taqmuftOD? trSKtcif;? trSwftom; ponfwdkYudk rD;SKdUjcif;?
tcGefaumufolrsm;tm; owfjzwfjcif; ponfwdkY ay:aygufav&m? ylwaubk&ifcHrSm ppfOya'rsm;yif
xkwfqifY&av\/
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
vli,fwpfOD;onf tcGifYtrdefYrSdbJ kH;vTwfawmf ylwautpdk;&ESifYqdkifaom taqmuftOD

wpfpkHwpf&mteD;odkY awGUjim;tHY? xdkvli,ftm; tppftaq; tar;tjref;rSd aoewfESifYypfowfap
[lyifjzpfav\/ odkY&mwGif vli,frsm;rSm aMumufGHUaygYavsmYonfrSd? vpfonfESifYwpfNyKdifeuf
4if;wdkYjyKjrJtwdkif; jyKrlaeMuav&m? tcsKdUrSmvnf; ppfom;wdkY\vufeufESifY aoqkH;Muav\/
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
ylwauvlrsKd;wdkY\ &nfG,fcsufum; vufatmufcHEdkifiHom;wdkY Murf;vmvQif? &rf;EdkiforQ

&rf; tkyfcsKyfrnf/ &rf;r&rS vufavQmYrnfjzpfonfhtwdkif; cyf&rf;&rf; tkyfcsKyfaeMuav\/
xdkuJYodkY tkyfcsKyfoluvnf;&rf;? vli,frsm;uvnf; Murf;vsufaeMu&m? pm&if;tif; trSwftom; rSd
aomaMumifY w&m;pD&ifrSK? tcGefaumufcHrSKrsm;rSm txl;aESmifYaES;vsuf tjiif;tckHvnf; rMumcP
jzpfyGm;aeavawmY\/ t&mSdt&mcHrsm;vnf; tcsKdU pdwfysufMuojzifY &mxl;rS ESKwfxGufMuav\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
xdktwGif; tpdk;&bufrSvnf; npfywfvmum vlrdkuftcsKdUudk aiGay;vsuf? wdkif;jynfwGif

emrnfBuD;aom rsKd;cspfrsm;udk vdkufvHowfjzwfaeMuojzifY? vli,frsm;\twGif;a&;wGif rsm;pGm
tultnD&aom vlBuD;tcsKdUyif tpdk;&vlqdk;wdkY vufcsufjzifY uG,fvGefMu&Smav\/ vli,frsm;vnf;
xdkuJYodkY tpdk;&bufrS Oya'vufeufjzifY ajAmifzdESdyfkHru? vlqdk;rsm;arG; npfywfaeaMumif; od&
Zarni 86
- 124 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
aomtcg? oma'gojzpfMuvsuf vlqdk;rsm;udk vdkufvHowfjzwfESdrfeif;aeMu&av\/ vli,frsm;\

pdwfwGifum; avQmYaygY aoG;aMumifonfrSd/ ylwau vlrsKd;jcm;wdkYtm; tvGeftrif; pdwfemonf
wpfaMumif;? vlrsKd;jcm;vufatmufu kef;xGuf&m touftaocH rMurf;bJ? rykefuefbJ b,fenf;
ESifYrQ rvGwfEdkif[k wpfxpfcs ,lrSwfxm;aomaMumifY? xkdpOftcg tenf;i,f pdwf0rf;uGJaeaom
vli,frsm;yif wpfaygif;wpfpnf;wnf;jzpfum wwfEdkifonfhbufu aqmifGufaeav\/
xdktjzpftysuftwGif;rSmyif awmvufaus;GmSd olBuD;rsm;xHrS? rdrdwdkYGmSd vli,ftcsKdU
rnfonfht&yfodkY xGufcGmoGm;onfrod xGufcGmoGm;MuaMumif; tpD&ifcHpmrsm;jzifY ylwaubk&ifcH
xHodkY tpD&ifcHMuav\/ xdktcg ylwaubk&ifcH rsufvkH;jyL;vsuf olvQKdrsm;udk ajc&mESHYrQ apvTwf
pkHprf;av\/ odkY&mwGif vli,frsm; rnfonfhae&m pkkH;aexdkifMuonf[k owif;tpterQ rMum;&
ao;acs/ pifppftm;jzifY aus;GmolBuD;ESifY vli,frsm;rSm wpfusdwfwpfPfwnf;jzpfaomaMumifY
rnfodkYrnfykH BuHpnfaqmifGufonfudk ylwautpdk;& rodSdjcif;jzpfav\/
armifbkef;jrifY? jrpHESifY &JabmfwdkYum; oefvsifNrKdUwGif;0,f txl;olvQKdrsm;ESifY apmifYpm;
MunfhSKapaomaMumifY? txGuft0if toGm;tvm tvGefusOf;MuyfpGmESifY aexdkifMu&av\/ xdktcdkuf
aus;vufvlBuD;rsm;\ tpD&ifcHpmudk &Sdaomtcg? oli,fcsif;okH;OD;tm; bk&ifcH\tdrfawmfodkY
tus,fcsKyfESifY wpfntdyfac:,lum? trsKd;rsKd; aoG;aqmifjzm;a,mif;vsufSdav\/ armifbkef;jrifY
wdkYuvnf; rdrdwdkYonf avSoif;om zGJUpnf;cYJaMumif;? tcsKdUvli,frsm; aqmifGufykHudk rESpfouf
ojzifY? vGwfvGwfat;at; aexdkifMu&aMumif;rsm;udk ajymqdkMuav\/ bk&ifcHonf trsKd;rsKd; ESL;ESyf
ajymqdkaomfvnf; armifbkef;jrifYwdkYu pdwfaysmYjcif;? wm0efcHjcif;rSdojzifY aemufwpfaeYwGif
jyefcGifYjyKvdkufav\/
RI
SK
4if;wdkYtm; BuKd;SnfESifYvSefxm;ouJYodkY rESdyfpufbJaejcif;rSm bk&ifcH\pdwfwGif tjcm;

vli,frsm; zdESdyfa&; Oyg,fwHrsOfESifY tokH;csvdkaomaMumifYjzpfav\/
ea
ty
ou
rO
armifbkef;jrifYum; bk&ifcH\xHrS jyefvm tdrf0if;aygufa&mufonfESifYwpfNyKdifeuf i,fxdyf

aoG;a&mufum rdrdpdwfudk txl;owdxm; jyKjyifvdkuf&av\/ tdrf0if;wpfckvkH; vlrsm;jynfhusyfvsuf
tdrfay:rSvnf; qlnHpGm idka<u;aomtoHrsm;udk Mum;&aomaMumifYwnf;/
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
armifbkef;jrifYonf vlykHxJrS twif;wdk; ajy;oGm;NyD; tdrfay:odkY wufav&m? ]]tdk ...

vluav;&JU? rif;bb jrif0HYao;&JUvm; ...}}[k 0efuawmfBuD;\ idka<u;oH? ]]tdk ... bbbk&m;&JU ...}}[k
EG,fEG,fuav;\ idka<u;oHrsm;udk Mum;&onfESifYwpfNyKdifeuf &ifxJwGifqkdYoGm;um a,musfm;yif
jzpfvifYupm; rsuf&nfrsm;usqif;vsuf oefvsif0efrif;\ tavmif;Sd&modkY twif;ajy;oGm;av\/
]]tdk bb&JU? uRefawmfrSdwkef; jzpf& avjcif;}}[k toHMoBuD;ESifY atmfvdkuf&m? vltaygif;wdkY\
tonf;ESvkH;udk qkyfacsvdkufouJYodkY? aqGrsKd;? aus;uRef? eD;pyfolrsm;yg urmrD;avmifouJYodkY
idka<u;Muav\/
Co
]]b,fYES,fjzpfwmwkef; ... ajymygOD; r,fr,f&JU ...}}[k qufvufar;jref;&m? 0efuawmfBuD;rSm

rsuf&nfpD;us&if; ... ]]rif;bbu bk&m;cef;rSm 0wfjyKaew,fuGJU .../ r,fr,fuvJ bk&m;Sdcdk;NyD;
Zarni 86
- 125 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
tdrfxJ0ifoGm;w,f/ arS;arS;tdyfaysmfaewkef; pl;SwJYatmfoHMum;NyD; r,fr,f ajy;xGufMunfhawmY?

rif;bbausmrSm vSHxkwfcsif;ayguf pl;NyD; toufaysmufaew,fuGJU/ tr,fav; 0efrif;BuD;&JU tao
qdk;avjcif; ...}}[k qufvufidka<u;aeSmjyef\/
oefvsif0efrif;um; nOfhu aus;uRef 0if;apmifYrsm;Sdaomfvnf;? 0if;apmifYrsm;tm; zrf;qD;
wkyfaESmifum vlqdk; 4-5 OD; BuHpnfjcif;udk cH&jcif;jzpfav\/ nOfhOD;,Hu qlnHoHMum;
rif;vkvifrsm; vma&mufar;jref; rSwfom;xm;aomfvnf; vlqdk;rsm;udk zrf;qD;rdjcif;rSdacs/
tavmif;udk tdrfeD;csif;ESifY aus;uRefrsm;yg jyifqifxm;&m? eHeufydkif; armifbkef;jrifY a&mufvmaom
tcg azmfjyygtwdkif; awGUBuKH&jcif;jzpfav\/
armifbkef;jrifYum; ylwauvlrsKd;rsm;\ vl,kHvlrdkufrsm;vufcsuf[k awG;rdaomfvnf;? rnfolY
udkrQ zGifY[rajymbJ twGif;Budwf rsKdodyfxm;vdkufav\/ xdkaeYyif oefvsif0efrif;\tavmif;udk
oN*K[frnfjzpf&m t&yfom; vli,fvlBuD;rsm; eD;pyf&mrS trDvmMuojzifY vlxky&dowfrSm
oefvsifNrKdUwpfjcrf; jynfhvkrwwf pnfum;aeav\/
ylwaubk&ifcHxHrSvnf; oefvsif0efrif; toufqkH;onf[k Mum;&ojzifY 0rf;enf;aMuuGJ
awmfrlaMumif;? vlqdk;rsm;udk rMumrD zrf;qD;rdatmif jyif;xefaomtrdefYay;xm;aMumif;ESifY pmwpfapmif
a&mufSdvmav&m? armifbkef;jrifYonf twGif;a&; y&d,m,fudk odNyD;jzpfonfhtwdkif; ]]aeESifYMuOD;uGm}}
[k wdk;wdk;Budrf;0g;rdav\/
RI
SK
t&mSdrsm;? NrKdUolNrKdUom;? eD;pyfaom awmvufaus;Gmrsm;uyg oefvsif0efrif;\ psmye

twGuf vma&mufMuav&m? oefvsif0efrif;\ t&nftcsif;? ol&owd? tajrmftjrifPfudk odSd
Muaom vltaygif;rSm pkwfoyfwufacgufum rsuf&nfrusolrSd? rcsdwifuJ 0rf;enf;yufvuf
jzpfMu&av\/ 0efuawmfESifY Sifeef;EG,fuav;\ [pfatmfidka<u;oHudk Mum;&aomtcg? omyif
pdwfESvkH; xdcdkufMuav\/
wi
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
naecif;um; oefvsif0efrif;\tavmif;udk NrKdUjyifokomefodkY xkwfaqmifav&m? jynfhusyf

aeaom vlpkvla0;BuD;onf oefvsif0efrif;\*kPfyk'fudk xkwfazmfcsD;usL;&if; vdkufygvmMuav\/
rif;vkvifwdkYrSm vlpkvla0;udk ylwaubk&ifcH\ trdefYt&? aESmifY,SufrSK rjyK&bJ ab;uom vufeuf
pGJudkifvsuf apmifYaSmufvdkufygvmMuav\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
armifbkef;jrifYonf 0efrif;\ psmyeNyD; tdrfodkYa&mufMuaomtcg? a,murjzpfolESifY

ZeD;onfwdkYtm; jzpfjyefysufjyef avmu"H\ uHuwm; jcm;em;awGUBuKH&ykHwdkYjzifY w&m;csvsuf?
vma&mufar;jref;MuolwdkYtm; tjzpftysufudk jyefvSefajymqdkum ae&av\/ nae ae0ifNzKd;zstcsdef
vli,fwpfa,mufonf ra,mifrvnfESifY armifbkef;jrifY\ tdrf0if;twGif;odkY 0ifa&mufum?
armifbkef;jrifYtm; vQKdU0Sufaom txdrf;trSwfudk jyNyD;aemuf? puLrifa&;pmwpfapmifudk ay;oGm;
av\/
Zarni 86
- 126 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
]]vluav; ... oefvsifu owif;rsm;udk taz tpOfMum;od&onf/ ,cktcgaomf

vkyfudkif&ef tcsdefwefNyD/ taz\awmwGif vl 3000-ausmf a&mufSdaeNyD/ wd*kHapwD
awmifajc&if;wGifvnf; vl 2000-ausmf SdaeNyD[k owif;&onf/ tazYqDu vlrsm;rSm
vluav;wdkYudk arQmfvifYaeMuonf/ odkYtwGuf od*Fkw&awmifajc&if;Sd acgif;tBuD;tuJ
rsm;ESifY vli,frsm;tm; pDpOfcsxm;NyD;aemuf taz Sd&modkY vdkufcJYapvdkonf/ aemufxyfvnf;
vl 2000-cefY jznfhapvdkonf/ tcsdefaESmifYaES; MuefYMum&ef r[kwf? vsifjrefpGm jyKvkyfrS
c&D;a&mufrnf ...}}
armifbkef;jrifYonf zcif vuf0Jpnfol\ pmudk zwfSKNyD;aomtcg awGa0aeav\/
wpfavmurlum; olYzcif oefvsif0efrif; Sd&pf EG,fEG,fuav;twGuf pdwfcsEdkifao;\/ tao
ajzmifYzG,fSdao;\/ ,ckrlum; EG,fEG,fuav;rSm rdcifrkqdk;rBuD;ESifY ae&pfcJY&rnfjzpf&m? rdrd
rSdonfESifYwpfNyKdifeuf &efNiKd;zGJUolwdkY\ apmfum;jcif;udk cH&SmawmYrnf[k rsm;pGm ylaqG;
oGm;rdav\/ odkY&mwGif rdrdaqmifGuf&rnfhudponf aemufqkwf rjzpfawmYojzifY EG,fEG,fuav;
aeaomtcef;odkY 0ifa&mufum? rdrdonf wd*kHawmifajc&if;odkY vdkufyg&rnfjzpfaMumif;? tjcm;
aus;vufrsm;odkYvnf; 4-5 &uf vSnfhvnf&rnfjzpfaMumif; ajymqdk&m? EG,fEG,frSm zcifBuD;vnf;
rSdawmYojzifY? ]]udkbkef; roGm;vdkYrjzpfbl;vm; ...}}[k rsufESmi,fESifY ar;Smav\/ ]]rjzpfbl;uG,f ...
EG,fEG,fYtem;u rcGmcsifygbl;? rjzpfvdkYomyg ...}}[k vG,ftdwf? t0wftpm;? "m; acgufcsKd;xm;aom
aoewfajymif;ESifY 'ifwdkYudk jyifqifum ]]udkif; tck xGufawmYr,f EG,fEG,f ...}}[k cspfoluav;\
rsufESmudk oem;MuifempGm MunfhSKum ayGU,lzspfnpfvdkufav\/ EG,fEG,fum; vnfacsmif;rS
wpfqdkYum wpfpkHwpf&m ajymrnfudk rajymEdkifbJSdpOf? armifbkef;jrifYonf arSmif&dyfodkY qif;
oGm;av\/
ty
ou
rO
RI
SK
wd*kH od*Fkw&ukef;awmf\ &m[kaxmifY awmifapmif;qifajcavsm awmeufBuD;wGifum;? olykef

ppfom;wdkYonf rD;rsm;zdkvsuf pum;wD;wdk;ajymqdkaeMuav\/ tcsKdUaom ppfrSKxrf;a[mif; wvdkif;
jrefrmvlBuD;wdkYrSm vli,fwdkYtm; ppfa&;ppf&mESifYywfouf ppfy&d,m,frsm;udk ajymjyvsufSdav\/
tcsKdUppfom;rsm;um; "m;vSHrsm;udk xufoxuf xufvSatmif aoG;aeMuav\/ vli,fESifY
vlBuD;wdkYum; wpfpdwfwpf0rf;wnf;Sdvsuf rdrdwkdY aqmifGufrnfhtcsdefudk arQmfvifYaeMuav\/
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
4if;wdkYrSm ppfwyfpnf;urf;uJYodkY vlpkOD;a& tnDtrQ? ppfMuyf ppfrSL; ppfuJ tqifYqifY

tkyfxdef;&onfr[kwf? aus;GmtoD;oD;rS yg0ifMuav&m? vl 50 ygaom aus;GmrS 4if;wdkYGmom;
vli,frsm; MunfnKdolonf vlBuD;jzpf? ppfwyfwGif Adkvfjzpfavonf/ vli,f 200 ygaom
GmrSmvnf; xdkenf;wl MunfnKdol 2-OD; 3-OD; tkyfcsKyfav\/ enf;twdkif; olYvlESifYol
tkyfcsKyfvsufSdMuav\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
oufBuD;acgif;cscsdefum; ppfAdkvfvkyfolrsm;onf wJwef;wpfckodkY oGm;a&mufpkkH;Mu&m?

uif;apmifYrsm;ESifY twlygvmaom armifbkef;jrifYudk awGUMu&m? txl;tm;Sd Tifvef;Muav\/
armifbkef;jrifYvnf; ...
Zarni 86
- 127 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
]]udkif; rdwfaqGwdkY ... Adkvftm;vkH;[m a[m'D ppfuJBuD;pum;udk em;axmifyg? [Hom0wDbk&if

vufxufu aZ,saemf&xmbGJUcH AdkvfBuD;yg/ awmifilbk&if [Hom0wDudk wdkufodrf;awmY
awmifilatmuf r0ifbl; qdkNyD;awmY t0aejynfawmf xGufajy;&m? t0uvJ rif;w&m;BuD; ppfcsDcdkuf?
oHawmfOD;wifay;r,fYvlrSdvdkY pdwfysufNyD; '*kefrSm a&mif;0,fazmufum; aexdkifwJY rsKd;cspfyk*KdvfBuD;yg/
wpfck owdjyKzdkYuawmY ppfoabm ... tEdkiftSKH;udk rajymEdkifyg/ EdkifcsifEdkif SKH;csifSKH;aygY? uRefawmfwdkY
&nfG,fcsufu EdkifwmSKH;wmudk t"durxm;bJ? 'DrdpmaumifawGatmuf acgif;ikHYNyD; uRJawG EGm;awGvdk
aMumufGHUaewJY vlrsKd;r[kwf? olwdkYtay: vlrsKd;jcm;tkyfcsKyforQ rMumcP olykefxwwfwJY vlrsKd;vdkY
&mZ0ifwGifapzdkYjzpfygw,f/ tckuRefawmfwdkY aemuf 5-ESpf 6-ESpfus&if wpfcg olykefx? tJ'D olykef
rsKd;apY pdkufay;zdkYtvkyfyJ? cifAsm;wdkY[m 00NzKd;NzKd;eJY taocHrvm;? vlrsKd;eJY bmomaysmufNyD; aus;uRef
uRJEGm;tjzpfrsKd;eJY aorvm; 'gyJpOf;pm;yg/ uRefawmfwdkYrSm &mZ0iftjyif emrnf,lp&mae&m rSd
awmYyg/ ,ckvdk ukvm;jzL BuD;pdk;rSKESifY BuKH&wm &mZ0ifrSm uRefawmfwdkY aqmifGufykHrSwfwrf; usef&pf
apzdkY jzpfvmw,fvdkY 0rf;ajrmufrdygw,f}}[k EdkifiHa&;y&d,m,f em;vnfoljzpfonfhtwdkif;? pdwfyg
0ifpm;atmif aoG;aqmifajymqdkvsufaeav\/
RI
SK
armifbkef;jrifYum; '*kef od*kFw&awmifajc&if;wGif 3-4 &uf cdkvsuf? arSmf0ef;e,fwpf0dkufu

vlrsm;udk zcifSd&modkY oGm;MuzdkY wdkufwGef;ESKd;aqmfaeav\/ 4if;olykefx&ef vl? &dumpkaom
A[dkXme ae&mum;? od*Fkwawmifajc&if;ESifY wGHaw;awmBuD;jzpfav\/ wGHaw;awmBuD;um; opfyif
csKHaygif; tvGefxlxyfvsuf? olykefrsm; cdkatmif;&ef taumif;qkH;? tvkHNcKHqkH; XmeBuD;jzpfav\/
vGefcJYaom wpfESpfcefYuwnf;u &dum? qef? qD? pyg; ponfwdkYukd wdwfwqdwf pkaqmif; ydkYaqmif
xm;av&m? vlwpfaomif;cefYtwGuf 3-vpmavmuf jynfhpkHNyD;jzpfav\/ ppfwdkufpOf aumufay:
csdefESifYqkHvsuf? ay;ydkY&ef rsKd;cspf&yfGmvlBuD;rsm;u wm0efcHMuNyD;jzpfojzifY? olykefESifY ukvm;jzLppfyGJrSm
tawmfMumvdrfYrnf[k ,kHMunfMuav\/ aTwd*kHbk&m; ajrmufbufawmifajc&if;? awmwGif;u
ppfwyfum; Mum;jzwfwdkufcdkuf&efjzpf? wGHaw;awmBuD;u ppfwyfBuD;rSmum; &orQe,fy,fudk wpfp
wpfp wdkufcdkufodrf;,l&ef BuHpnfxm;Mujcif;jzpfav\/
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
armifbkef;jrifYonf 'vufzufrS ae0ifomomtcsdefwGif awmifajc&if;odkY a&mufSdvm&m?

jrif;wpfpD;ESifY vGefcJYonfhnu a&mufSdapmifYpm;aeaom oli,fcsif; jrpHudk awGU&ojzifY?
ESpfa,mufwnf; awmifapmif;wpfae&mxdkifum wdkifyifMuav\/ jrpHum; rdrdvufxJupmudk
csufcsif;ay;&aumif;rvm;? ray;bJae& aumif;rvm;[k csDwkHcswkH jzpfae&mu? ]]&JabmfawmY
wGHaw;buf oGm;ESifYNyDuGJU ...}}[k ajymav\/
his
bo
]]tdrf; ...tJ'Du rif;wdkY igwdkY zdzdpD;pD;vkyf&rSmyJ/ olwdkYbufu bmxl;ovJ ...}}
al
us
eo
ft
]]olwdkYvJ vli,fawG&JU tajctae xl;jcm;w,fvdkY acgif;csif;dkufaeMuw,fuGJU/ [dku

'dkYolvQKdrsm;uvJ ta&;Sd&if taMumif;Mum;ygr,fwJY ...}}
Co
mm
erc
i
]]'DvdktwGif;a&;rSm udk,fYvl,kHSdwmvJ wpftm;yJ/ bb[m odyftajrmftjrifBuD;wmyJaemf?

'gaMumifYvJ owfypfMuwmyJuGJU ...}}
Zarni 86
- 128 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
]]'gYxuf &ufcsdef;ay;NyD;yvm; ...}}

]]oDwif;uRwfvqef; 5-&ufaeY eHeufrSm ESpfzufnyfNyD; '*kef 'vudk odrf;MuvdkY? NyD;awmYrS
oefvsifudk wdkufcdkufzdkYyJ ...}}
]]EdkY ... ykodrfbufudkaum 'Dvdkypfxm;rSmvm; ...}}
]]udprSdbl;? oefvsif&&if ykodrfu udk,fYe,fjzpfrSmyJ ...}}
]]rif;aum ... ck igeJY wpfcgwnf;vdkufawmYrSmvm; ...}}
]]tdk tdrfvJ rajym&ao;bl;uG,f? olYudkrSmcJYNyD;rS wpfcgwnf; vdkufcJYcsifw,f ...}}
jrpHum; armifbkef;jrifYonf 4if;\ZeD;onftm; oHa,mZOfNidwG,faeykHudk od&aomtcg?
pdwfraumif;SmbJ rajymvnf; rNyD;aomaMumifY ]]oli,fcsif; ...}}[k ac:vdkufav\/
]]bmvJuG? rif;u igYudk rdef;rcifwJYtaumif tokH;rusbl;vdkY ajymcsifovm;? 'Dvdk
r[kwfygbl;? olauseyfkH rSmcJYcsifvdkYyg? igY&nfG,fcsufudk rpGefYygbl;uGJU ...}}
]]r[kwfygbl;/ ig rif;udkawGUatmif apmifYaewm wjcm;aMumifYr[kwfbl; ...}}[k xGuf&rnfh
pum;udk vnfacsmif;wGif wpfqdkYaeav\/
]]bmvJuG bmvJ ... igYudk bmvdkYapmifYae&wmvJ/ ajymprf;ygOD;}}[k jymjymovJ ar;av&m ...
ou
rO
RI
SK
]]EG,fEG,f qkH;NyDuGJU ...}}[k ajymvdkufonfESifYwpfNyKdifeuf? armifbkef;jrifYonf owdvpf

oGm;awmYojzifY? jrpHrSm uysmu,m ayGU,lvsuf? ]]armifbkef; armifbkef; oli,fcsif; ... owdxm;prf;
ygOD;uG ...}}[k b0ifudkzdvsuf ajcrudkcsKd;&if; udk,fudk tBudrfBudrfvSKyfrS [if;ueJ nnf;um owd&
vmav\/
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
]]EG,fEG,f ... tdk EG,fEG,f}}[k ua,mifuwrf;ac:aejyef&m? ]]a[Y oli,fcsif; owdxm;

rSaygY}}[k yg;pyfudk ydwfvsuf wm;jrpf&m? xdktcgrS aoG;rTefaeaom armifbkef;jrifYonf owd&
vmvsuf ]]b,fvlqdk;u owfoGm;wmvJ/ zatudk owfNyD;MuvdkY orD;udk owfjyefwmvm;/ rif;wdkY
apmifY&pfwm bmvkyfzdkYvJ/ igtck oGm;owfr,f}}[k Budrf;0g;ae&m? jrpHonf ]]tif; ... r,m;us&if
vlrsm;[m pdwfESvkH;udk txdcdkufqkH;yguvm;}}[k awG;awm&if; ... ]]ajymwmudk em;axmifygOD;?
rif;rdef;rudk b,folrSrowfbl;? olYbmomol owfaooGm;wm/ a[m 'DrSm ola&;wJYpm ...}}[k
xkwfay;ojzifY? ESpfOD;om; rD;zdkSd&modkY vmcJYMuav\/
Co
mm
erc
i
olykefrsm;rSm rdk;wGif;jzpf wiful;BuHpnfxm;Muonfhtwdkif;? trdk;tum ,m,DwJuav;

rsm;ESifY aexkdifMu&jcif;jzpf&m? jrpHESifY armifbkef;jrifYwdkY 0ifa&mufaomwJrSm ta&;BuD;aom Adkvfrsm;
aeonfhwJ jzpfav\/
Zarni 86
- 129 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
armifbkef;jrifYum; rsuf&nfrsm;pDvsuf rSKdif;cHpuLwGif rifESifYa&;xm;aom Sifeef;EG,f\pmudk

zwfSKumaeav\/
]]toufwrQ cspfcifvSaom udkbkef;\ tvdkqEjynfh0atmif EG,fEG,f\ulnDcsufudk

auseyfvdrfYrnf[k arQmfvifYygonf/ udkbkef;rSm EG,fEG,ftwGuf vkyfudkifBuHpnf&mwGif
aemufqHwpfwif;wif;jzpf aeSmaMumif; EG,fEG,f odSdygonf/ udkbkef;\oli,fcsif;rsm;
uvnf; EG,fEG,ftwGuf udkbkef; iJYuGuf aygYavsmYrnfudk pdk;&drfaMumif;rsm; odSd&ygonf/
EG,fEG,fonf udkbkef;wdkYaqmifGuf&m ygyN*Kd[fESifYwlaeonf[k xifygonf/ EG,fEG,f\
pdwfrSmvnf; udkbkef;wdkY\pdwfxm;udk rrDjim;aomfvnf; trsKd;ESifYwdkif;jynfudk cspfcifaom
pdwfrQavmufSdaMumif;? udkbkef; todyif jzpfygonf/
RI
SK
EG,fEG,f[m udkbkef;udk cspfvGef; rpGefY&ufEdkifjcif; jzpfygonf/ EG,fEG,fuJYodkY

pdwfrxm;olrsm;u rpGefY&JvQifvnf; tjcm;oli,fcsif;rrsm;twGuf erlemaumif;&awmYrnf
r[kwfyg/ udkbkef;rSm tpGrf;ukef tqkH;pGef aqmifGuf&rnfhudp ay:aygufvmaomtcg?
EG,fEG,f tulnDEdkifqkH; tcsufwpfckrSm udkbkef; aemufqHrwif;atmif jyKrlzdkYyifjzpfygonf/
udkbkef;tm; teD;wGifxm; tm;yg;w& rSmMum;ruefawmYcJY&onfhtwGuf pdwfraumif;
aomfvnf; pmudk udkbkef; zwfSK&csdef EG,fEG,frSm tpdrf;ruav;b0odkY a&mufSd
vdrfYrnf[k xifygonf/ udkbkef; tBuHatmifygap[k EG,fEG,f qkawmif;ygonf/ Sdcdk;
uefawmYcJYygonf aus;Zl;Sif ukdbkef; ...}}
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
]]awmuf ... dkif;avw,f EG,fEG,f&,f? rif; 'Dvdkrvkyfayr,fY udkbkef;ravQmYygbl;/ [if; ...

'DvdkvJ r[kwfbl;av? oltoufSdw,fqdk&ifvJ igYpdwf b,fYES,fjzpfOD;r,f rodbl; oli,fcsif;&,f/
rif;wdkY rodMuvdkY 'Dvdk jzpfwmvm; ... igYr,m; igcspfw,fuG? tdk odyfcspfw,f/ rif;wdkY owfwm
aygYav ...}}[k aoG;ajcmufjcm;um ajymrdajym&m ajymqdkvm&m? tvGefpdwfcdkif owdaumif;aom
jrpHrSm rsufESmwGif aoG;rSdouJYodkY? armifbkef;jrifYtm; ayGUzufum ...]]oli,fcsif; oli,fcsif; owd
xm;prf;yg ...}}[k twefwef ajymqdkcdkuf? AdkvfrSL; aZ,saemf&xm 0ifa&mufvmum armifbkef;jrifYtm;
w&m;"rjyo pdwfajzaeavownf;/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
Zarni 86
- 130 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
tcef; (13)
armifbkef;jrifYum; oef;acgif,Htcsdeftxd EG,fEG,fESifY aS;u Muifem,k,pGm aexdkifcJYykHudk

awG;awmvGrf;qGwfum? xdkifae&mu a'gopdwfrsm;? pGefYpm;vdkpdwfrsm;? aS;uxuf wdk;wufvm
av\/ jrefjrefao&jcif;onf cspfolESifY tjcm;b0 jrefjrefaygif;zdkYjzpf&rnf[k aorSKudkyif tvdkSd
aeawmYonf/ jrpHum; wpfa&;warmtdyfaeNyD;aemuf? ikwfwkwfxkdifaeaom armifbkef;jrifYtm; ykckH;udk
tomt,mykwfvsuf ]]udkif; oli,fcsif; ... wGHaw;buf oGm;MupdkY? rif;rSm tdyfvnf;rtdyf&ao;bl;?
vdkufEdkifygYrvm; ...}} [k ar;jref;&m? ]]vdkufEdkifygw,fuGm? bmvkdYrvdkufEdkif&rSmvJ ...}}[k ESpfOD;om;
c&D;xGuf&ef jyifqifMuav\/ armifbkef;jrifYum; todw&m;ESifY pdwfudk renf;csKyfum AdkvfBuD;tm;
rSmMum;weforQ rSmMum;NyD;vQif? awmpyfopfyifawGMum;rS ab;&efudk yrmrxm;EdkifbJ? trSwfonm
xm;aom c&D;jzifY arSmifESifYrnf;rnf;wGif vmcJYMuav\/ awmaumifrsm;rSm vlxktiftm;aumif;
ta0;odkY aSmifajy;Mu[efwlaomfvnf;? ajccif;vufcif; ydk;rTm;twGufrSmrl vSHdk;ESifY&rf; prf;um
vmcJYMujcif;jzpfav\/
974-ck? oDwif;uRwfvqef; 2-&uf 3-&ufnrsm;wGif yifv,fbufaumif;uifrS Mu,fwm&m
rsm;onf rdk;oD;a<uouJYodkY yifv,fxJodkY a<uusojzifY? oefvsifNrKdUrS ynmSdrsm;onf edrdwftrsKd;rsKd;
zwfvsufSdMuav\/ vqef; 5-&ufaeYum; od*Fkw&awmif ajrmufbufawmwGif;rS olykefppfom;
wdkYonf '*kefNrKdUbufodkYqif;vmum? NrKdUapmifYppfom; 200-cefYESifY tcsdeftenf;i,frQ wdkufcdkuf
NyD;aemuf '*kefNrKdUwpfjcrf;udk pD;rdav\/ xdkaeYwGifyif wGHaw;bufSd olykefppfwyfrsm;rSvnf;
arSmf0ef;e,fwpf0dkufESifY wGHaw;e,fwpf0dkuf? vlcGJ wdkufcdkufodrf;ydkufaeav\/
ou
rO
RI
SK
ylwaubk&ifcHum; '*kefNrKdUodkY olykefrsm; aS;OD;pGm odrf;,lNyD[laom owif;udkMum;&ojzifY?

olvQKdtzGJUu vlrsm;udk ppfar;vsuf? rauseyfolrsm;udk tusOf;csxm;av\/ ppfbufodkYvnf; 'Dolykef
avmufudk bmrSK&rvJ[k ppfom;wpfaxmif? jrif;wpf&m? tajrmuf 5-vufjzifY vTwfvdkufav\/
'*kefSd olykefwyfom;rsm;rSm 2000-cefYSdaomfvnf; aoewf 500-cefYomyg? usefvlrsm;rSm "m;vSH?
0g;&if;wkwfrsm;udk rQudkifMu&av\/
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
oefvsifbufrS ylwaubk&ifcH\ppfwyf csDwufvmNyD[k Mum;od&av&m? olykefbufrSvnf;

cHuwkwfrsm; jyifqifvsuf? toifYapmifYpm;aeav\/ c&D; wmig;&mwGif; omomwGif csDwufvmaom
oefvsifwyfom;rsm;udk olykefwyfom;rsm; jrif&NyDjzpfav&m? aoewfvkvifwdkYrSmvnf; aoewfrsm;udk
,rf;xdk;vsuf pdwfwmuG<uESifYjzpfaeMuav\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
oefvsifwyfonf eD;oxuf eD;uyfvm&m? olykefbufrS aS;OD;pGm pwifypfcwfav\/

oefvsifppfwyfrSvnf; aoewfajymif;0rS rD;cdk;rsm; tpOfrjywfxGufapvsuf? twif;ypfcwf csDwuf
vm&m? aS;OD;csD wyfom;ig;q,fcefY usqkH;vQif &yfwefYypfcwfaecdkuf? AdkvfrSL;aZ,saemf&xmrSm
jrif;wpfpD;ESifY ppfwyfab;u tajy;pdkif;vSnfhvnfum vkyfvdkufMu? ypfvdkufMu? tm;ravQmYMueJY? 'grS
tarYom;awGuG? a,musfm;uG[k atmf[pftm;ay;vsufSdpOf? oefvsifwyfom;rsm;rSm olykefbufodkY
ypfcwfae&mrS? aemufjyef ypfcwfMuaeojzifY? xl;qef;pGmMunfhSKaeMu&m? ppfom; 300-cefY
]]usKyfwdkYArm? usKyfwdkY wvdkif;}}[k atmf[pfum olykefwyfzufodkY ajy;0ifcJYMuav\/ olykefwyfom;
Zarni 86
- 131 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
rsm;vnf; tm;tifwdk;wufvmum? cHuwkwfrS aSUodkYxGuf vlcsif;vkH;rdatmif twif;csDwuf

wdkufcdkufMu&m? oefvsifwyfom; tajrmuftjrm;usqkH; qif 5-aumif? jrif; 50-ESifY? aoewf 300?
tajrmuf 5-vufpvkH; olykefwyfom;rsm;u &Sdvdkufav\/
olykefwyfom;rsm;vnf; wpfcsDEdkifvdkufNyDjzpf tm;tifwdk;wufaeMuav\/ vufeufqdk&m
rSmvnf; txl;SmzdkYrvdk? ppfEdkifatmifwdkufEdkifvQif &efol\vufeufrsm;udk rdrdwdkY&SdMu&m? vufeuf
twGuf pdwfylaom ppfom;rsm;yif tm;wufvsufaeMuav\/
wGHaw;awmBuD;wyfrSvnf; arSmf0ef;e,f? wGHaw;e,fwpfavQmufudk odrf;ydkufae&m? txl;
atmifjrifvsufSdojzifY? olykef wpfwyfESifYwpfwyf owif;ydkYum txl;0rf;omMuav\/ ,cktcg
ylwaubk&ifcHonf wGHaw;bufrS ppfwyfu omvGef tm;BuD;aMumif; odSd&ojzifY? rif;xifvufsmtm;
AdkvfcsKyf? ylwauppfAdkvfwpfOD;tm; ppfuJcefYum wdkufqif 50? jrif; 500? ppfom; 3000 ESifY
arSmf0ef;e,fodkY csDwufapav\/
arSmf0ef;e,fESifY wGHaw;e,fbufu aemufxyfydkYaom wyfom;rsm;a&mufvm&m? olykefwyfom;
5000-rQ Sdav\/ tajrmuf 10-vuf? aoewf 1000? jrif; 200-cefYomSdav\/ usefvlrsm;rSm
"m;vSH? 0g;&if;wkwfom SdMu&m? tcsKdUrSm "m;rrsm;udk xufatmifaoG; udkifMu&av\/ xdktcsdef
twdtvif; ykefuefNyDjzpf wGHaw;olykefwyfwGif ]]vuf0Jpnfol BuD;Muyfonf}}[laom owif;udk
oefvsifodkY olvQKdrsm;jzifY ylwaubk&ifcH\ em;odkY aygufapav\/
ou
rO
RI
SK
olykefwyfom;rsm;um; rif;xifvufsm ppfom; 3000-ESifY csDwufvmNyD[k Mum;&ojzifY?

'*kHe,fuJYodkYyif wl;ajrmif;? cHuwkwf ponfwdkYudk toifYjyifxm;Muav\/ ppfwyfESpfwyfwdkYonf
wmig;&mcefYtuGmwGif &ifqdkifawGUMu&m? wpfzufESifYwpfzuf aoewfoH w'dkif;'dkif;jrnfatmif
ypfcwfaeMuav\/ olykefwyfbufrS cHuwkwfSdojzifY ajrjyefYwGif rm;rm;rwfrwfaeMuaom oefvsif
bufrS wyfom;rsm;rSm wpfa,mufNyD;wpfa,muf vJNyKdusqkH;ojzifY? vl 100-cefY wkH;vkH;yufvuf
jzpfaeMuav\/
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
rif;xifvufsmrSm ppfy&d,m,fudk em;vnfojzifY? aSUu ppfom;rsm; [efa&;jyum ypfcwf

aeMucdkuf? aemufu cHuwkwfvkyfvsuf ajrpmrsm;udk awmifydkYozG,fjzpfapav\/ wpfzef ppfom;
tm;vkH; uwkwfrS uG,fMuvsuf wpfzufESifYwpfzuf ypfcwfaejyefMu&m? aSUu ppfwyfrsm;udk
ausmfvsuf tajrmufrsm;jzifY ypfcwfvsufSdav\/ olykefwyfbufrSvnf; tajrmuf 10-vufcefY
ygao;av&m? olykefwyfbufrS tajrmufoH Mum;&aomtcg oefvsifwyfom;rsm; tHYtm;oifYaeMu
av\/ olykefrsm;rSm pdkifa&? ajymifa&? uRJa&rsm;udk vdyfvsuf pdefjyKvkyf 0ufcGrsm;wGif wyfum
w'dkif;'dkif; ypfcwfjyefaomtcg? oefvsifwyfom;wdkYrSm tawmfyif usqkH;vsufSdav\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
tcsdeftawmfMum wpfzufESifYwpfzuf ta0;u ypfcwfaeMu&m? oefvsifwyfrS ]][,f

vuf0JpnfolbGJUcH &Jacgif? abmufrJY vlawGudk aoapovJ ... eifowdSd&if rif;xifvufsmESifY
qifpD;csif;wdkuf&ef xGufavmY}}[k atmf[pfav&m? olykefwyfbufrSvnf; ]]eifwdkYom a,musfm;avm?
Zarni 86
- 132 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
igwdkYAdkvfBuD;onf ,ckyif xGufvwHU[k atmfav\/ xdkaemuf ESpfzufpum; urf;vSrf;vsuf?

wpfzufvQif aoewfvkvif 100-pD &H qifpD;csif;wdkuf&ef jyifqifMuav\/
rif;xifvufsmum; awmifilbk&ifpD;awmfrlaom qifudkpD;&ojzifY wtm;wuf aeav&m?
vuf0Jpnfolum; ppf&nf0aomfvnf; omrnjzpfaom qifwpfpD;udkom aG;cs,f pD;&Smav\/
ESpfzufppfwyfrsm;tMum; ajrjyefYwGif xGufvmMu&m? ppfwyfom;rsm;rSm yGJMunfhyrm MunfhSK
aeMuav\/ rif;xifvufsmu ]]tarmifwdkY aoewfvkvifrsm; uwdwnfygap}}[k ajymvsuf? qifudk
cRef;zGifY vuf0Jpnfol\ qifSd&modkY twif;ajy; vmav&m? vuf0Jpnfol\ qifvnf;
cRef;csufaMumifY tjyif;jyef a0SYMuaomtcg rif;xifvufsm\ qifonf vuf0Jpnfol\ qiftm;
pG,fvkH;uRHvsuf aSUodkYidkuftus? rif;xifvufsmonf vuf0Jpnfoltm; vSHESifYxdk;av\/
vuf0Jpnfolvnf; 4if;\ tJarmif;vSHdk;jzifY dkufz,fNyD;aemuf? rif;xifvufsmtm; vSHSifjzifY
ypfvdkuf&m &if0udk pdkufvsuf qifay:u usrnfSdpOf vsifjrefpGm ckefwuf? acgif;udkjzwf,lav\/
xdktcdkuf rif;xifvufsm\ ukef;vnfpD;onf vuf0Jpnfoltm; vSHESifYxdk;rnf[k tajrmufvdkuf?
vuf0Jpnfol\ ukef;vnfpD; jrpHonf 4if;\vSHSifjzifY vSrf;ypfvdkufaomaMumifY? ukef;vnfpD;
uRrf;jyefusav\/ aoewfvkvifwdkYvnf; pdwfdk;wdk;Gwjzpfvsuf oefvsifwyfrS pwifypfcwf&m?
olykefbufrSvnf; jyefvSefypfcwfjyefav\/
RI
SK
Munfhaeaom ppfwyfrsm;vnf; cHuwkwfudkausmf aSUodkYwdk;wufypfcwf&m? c&D;ESpfwdkifcefY

auGUvsuf oefvsifwyfaemuf tvpfwdkuf&ef? trSwfrJY csDwufoGm;aom armifbkef;jrifYESifY &JabmfwdkY\
jrif;wyfom; 200-wdkYonf aSUodkYrJaeaom oefvsifwyftm; nmoHay;wdkufcdkufMu&m? 4if;wdkYrSm
AdkvfcsKyfvnf; usqkH;aeqJ? ESpfzufnyfjzpfaeojzifY? aemufjyefwdkufolwdkYuwdkuf aSUodkYwdk;oluwdk;ESifY
aeMupOf? olykefwyfom;rsm;rSm wuf<uaompdwfjzifY xdk;ckwfdkufESuf vlcsif;yl;um wdkufcdkufMuav&m?
oefvsifwyfom;rsm; zdkz&Jjzpfvsuf kH;rdorQvlrsm;ESifY tjyif;qkwfcGmMu&av\/
wi
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
olykefrsm;rSm ppfEdkifvdkufojzifY txl;pdwftm;wuf<uaeav\/ oefvsifwyfrS aoewf?

tajrmuf? vufeufwdkYvnf; 4if;wdkYtm; vufeufjznfhouJYodkY jzpfaev\/ ylwaubk&ifcHum; rdrd
wyfom;rsm; SKH;&onfudk rausrcsrf;jzpfvsuf AdkvfrSL; ppfuJrsm;udk Budrf;0g;NyD;vQif aemufxyf
ESdrfeif;&ef qif 100? jrif; 2000? ppfom;wpfaomif;ESifY csDwufapav\/ xdktBudrfum; ppfonf
vltm; vufeuftm;rSm r,SOfEdkifatmif uGmjcm;aeav\/
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
armifbkef;jrifYwdkYvnf; oefvsifbufrS ppfonftiftm; ajrmufjrm;pGmESifY csDwufvmrnfudk

Mum;&ojzifY? '*kefwyfudk rdrdwdkYwyfESifYaygif; ckcH&ef rSmMum;vdkufavonf/ oefvsifwyfom;wdkY\
armif;oH? pnfoH? ukvm;jzLwdkY\ oHpnfjywf wD;oHwdkYrSm c&D;a0;pGmuyif Mum;Edkifav\/ olykef
wyfom;wdkYbufrSvnf; pnfarmif;wD;vsuf a<u;aMumfaeESifYMuav\/
Co
mm
erc
i
ppfrsufESm ESpfzufqdkifrdaomtcg? wpfzufESifYwpfzuf tajrmufoH? aoewfoH w'dkif;'dkif;ESifY

ypfcwfwdkufcdkufvsufSdMuav\/ oefvsifbufrS vlapY vufeufudkifEdkifojzifY? olykefrsm;rSm tus
tqkH; rsm;cJYav\/ ppf&dyfppfajcem;vnfaom vuf0Jpnfolum; ppfudk tajcrysufxdef;vsuf
Zarni 86
- 133 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
qkwfrSef;rod qkwfap&m? oefvsifwyfom;rsm;rSm aSUodkY tjyif;csDwuf wdkufcdkufaeav\/ ppfrSm

eHeufrdk;aomufrS wdkufcdkufav&m? qGrf;cHjyefomomtcsdefwGif olykefwyfom;rsm; qkwfcGm&jcif;
jzpfav\/ tpOfrysuf qkwfcGmaeMuaom olykefwyfbufodkY oefvsifbufrSvnf; tajcrysufzdcJY&m?
naeapmif;wGif wGHaw;awmBuD;twGif;odkY 0ifrdMu&m? oefvsifwyfom;rsm;rSm awm0rS ydwfqdkY 0dkif;&H
xm;Muav\/ awmwGif;odkY0if&efvnf; tajrmuf? pdefajymif; qdkYydwfypfcwfojzifY r0if0HYMubJ ab;u
&dum toGif;udkom apmifY odrf;,lvsufSdMuav\/
'*kefbufwGif wpfaxmifcefY usef&pfaom olykefppfom;rsm;tm;vnf; tjcm;oefvsifwyf
wpfwyfu vdkufvHwdkufcdkufvsufSd&m? olykefwyfrSm awmBuD;udkjzwfvsuf usKduvdkYawmBuD;odkY
qkwfcGm Mu&av\/ wGHaw;awmBuD; olykefwyfom;rsm;um; pkaqmif;odkavSmifxm;aom qefpyg;
rsm;jzifY ckcHEdkiforQ ckcHaeMu&m? 4if;wdkY uHqdk;ykHum; ajr<uufajrmufjrm;pGmwdkYonf ajray:wGif pkykH
xm;aom qefpyg;rsm;udk udkufzsufpm;aomufMuaomaMumifYwpfaMumif;? rdk;a&rsm;aMumifY wpfaMumif;
wpf0ufausmfausmf ysufpD;cJYav\/ odkY&mwGif Adkvfvkyfolrsm;onf i,fom;rsm; tm;ravsmYap&ef
vSKHUaqmfyif aeMuav\/
RI
SK
vuf0Jpnfolum; tajrmftjrifBuD;ol jzpfonfhtwdkif; olykefwyfom;rsm; &dumrjywfcif?

t0aejynfawmfodkY ydkYaqmif&ef BuHaqmifpdwful;av\/ wGHaw;awm0 opfwyfaygufrS tajrmuf
pdefajymif; rpJypfcwf ckcHae&m? oefvsifwyfom;rsm;rSm olykefrsm; vufeufrcsorQ qkwfcGmykHr&ojzifY
4if;wdkY 5-&ufcefY ppfanmif; tdyfa&;ysufatmifvkyfNyD;rS oef;acgifausmfwGif azmufxGufrnf[k
pdwful;&aomtcg? 4if;\wyfom;rsm;udk tvSnfhus tdyfa&;0atmif tdyfapvsuf? owdaumif;ol
10-OD; 15-OD;udk tjyifbuf oefvsifwyfodkY0ifa&mufNyD;? nOfhtcsdefwGif xkd;ckwfapav\/ oefvsif
wyfom;rsm;um; rnfolrQrtdyf&bJ? wvefYwnf;vefYum 0dkif;&Hxm;av&m 5-&ufajrmuf n olykef
wyfom;tm;vkH; wyfacguf xGufMuav\/ oefvsifwyfom;rsm;vnf; kwfcsnf;jzpf trf;aeMu&m
c&D;wmig;&mwGif;cefYusrS vlpkkH;jyifqifvsuf aemufuvdkufMuav\/
wi
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
oDwif;uRwfvqkwf 8-&ufvuav;onf ppfom;wdkYwdkufcdkufonfudk MunhfSKcsifouJYodkY

rnf;rnf;vSKyfvSKyfGG jrif&atmif ta&mifxdk;vsufSdav&m? ESpfzufrS aoewf tajrmuf rD;cdk;rsm;
aumif;uifESHYatmif xGufay:vsuf qlnHaeav\/ olykefwyfrSm tajcrysufckcH&if; qkwfcGmoGm;
av&m? armifbkef;jrifY? vuf0Jpnfol? jrpHESifY &JabmfwdkYonf jrif;wpfpD;pDESifY uGyfuJ vdkufygMu
av\/
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
a0vDa0vif;tcsdefodkYa&mufaomtcg vuf0Jpnfolonf aemufydkif;odkYvSnfh ESKd;aqmfcdkuf

aoewfusnf aygifwGifrSef jrif;ay:u usav\/ armifbkef;jrifYvnf; zcif jrif;ay:uusojzifY
ayGU,lum jrif;ay:wGif wifrnftvkyf? jrpHESifY &JabmfwdkYvnf; ulnD&efvma&mufMuav\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
xdktwGif; oefvsifppfom;wdkYonf tjyif;csDwufvmum Adkvf 4-OD;tm; 0dkif;rdav\/ olykef

wyfom;rsm;um; usefvlrsm; uGyfuJvsuf ajrmufbufodkY tjyif;qkwfajy;Mu&m? tcsKdU zdkz&Jjzpf
aeMuav\/ vuf0Jpnfoltm; iJYuGufonfhtwGuf ta&;tBuD;qkH; vli,f 3-OD;udk oefvsif
wyfom;rsm; 0dkif;rdxm;av&m? vltiftm;rrQ taMumif;rxl;ojzifY vufeufcs tzrf;cHMu&av\/
Zarni 86
- 134 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
oefvsifppfwyfonf olykefwdkYtm; vdkufEdkifoavmufvdkufum okHYzrf;NyD;vQif oefvsifbufodkY

acgif;aqmif 4-OD;udk zrf;aqmifum qkwfcGmcJYav\/
rGef;,drf;tcsdefcefYwGif oefvsifwyf jyefvnf a&mufSdvm&m? oefvsifrS vli,f 3-OD;ESifYwuG
vuf0Jpnfoludkyg zrf;rdvmaMumif;udk Mum;odMuaomtcg? wpfNrKdUvkH; twGif;Budwf idka<u;vsuf
vGwfxGufajy;Edkifygap? toufraoygapESifY[k qkawmif; Muav\/
ylwaubk&ifcH\ &mZ0wfkH;ESifY ppfkH;rsm;rSmum; olykefrsm;twGuf ppfaq;pD&ifrSK tvkyfSKyf
aeMuav\/ ylwaubk&ifcHrSm rGefjrefrmwdkif;&if;om;wdkYtm; wmSnfpGmtkyfcsKyfoGm;rnf[k pdwful;&m?
omrnolykefrsm;twGuf ta&;rBuD;? acgif;aqmifrsm;twGuf olykefrsKd;apY rusef&pf&ef ppfaq;vdk
ojzifY? emrnfBuD; trdeYfawmf&wpfa,muftm; ESL;ESyfapav\/ trdeYfawmf&rif;rSm axmifwGif;odkY
0ifvsuf ... ]]rdrdonf rsKd;cspfwpfOD;jzpfaMumif;? armifbkef;jrifYwkdYonf trSKppfaq;aomtcg? vli,f
jzpf wpfBudrfwpfcg rSm;rdaMumif;? ykefuefjcif;onf atmifEdkifzG,fr[kwf aemifw&aMumif;udk
xGufqdkyg? tjypfaygYavsmYatmif rdrdBuHaqmifygrnf ...}}[k ajymqdkav\/
armifbkef;jrifYum; ... ]]oGm; rsKd;zsufBuD; bmvmESL;wmvJ? bmvdkYajym&rSmvJ}}[k atmfaiguf
av&m? vuf0Jpnfolu ... ]]trdefYawmf&rif; pOf;pm;yg&ap? eufjzef taMumif;jyefygYr,f}}[k ajymqdk
ojzifY ]]pOf;pm;Muyg? uRefawmf[m cifAsm;wdkY tusKd;aqmifyg ...}}[k qdkxGufcGmoGm;av\/
RI
SK
]]r[kwfbl; vluav;&JU? [dkusawmY udk,fxGufcsifwm xGufMuwmaygY? ckaeu olwdkYvdk&m

rxGufbl;qdk&if trSKwHcg;ydwf aoewfeJYypfowfrSmyJ? olwdkYvdk&m xGufr,fqdk&if y&dowfaSU ppfrSmyJ?
tJ'gaMumifY aemufwpfcg vmar;&if olwdkYvdk&m xGufapcsifwJYtwdkif; xGufr,fvkYdajym? ,kwd
wefatmif wpfqdwfoufomatmif BuHaqmifay;ygvdkYvJ awmif;yefvdkufOD; ...}}[k ajympOf? aygifu
tem emvSojzifY vuf0JpnfolrSm tHBudwf vufESifYaz;rae&Smav\/
ea
ty
ou
rO
vuf0Jpnfol\ aoewfrSefaomtemum; aygifudk vufwpfvkH;cefYeufatmif SyfrSefcJY&m?

temusufaq;rsm;xnfhojzifY 5-&ufcefYtMumwGif? axmYeJYaxmYeJYjzifY avQmufEdkifav\/ 4if;wdkYtm;
tusOf;axmifwGif csxm;av&m? trdefYawmf&rif;rSty tjyifvl rnfolrQ 0ifcGifYrjyKacs/
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
SifjrwfvSum; vifESifYom;udk ylwauwdkY zrf;qD;axmifoGif;xm;onf[k Mum;uwnf;u?

rtdyfEdkif rpm;Edkifjzpfum rsuf&nfESifYrsufcGufjzpfaeav\/ axmifwGif;odkY0if awGUqkH&efcGifYr&aom
tcg om ylaqG;Smav\/
us
eo
ft
974-ck oDwif;uRwfvjynfhausmf 14-&ufaeY olykefacgif;aqmif 4-OD;tm; w&m;pD&ifrnfh

aeYjzpfav\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
ylwaubk&ifcHudk,fwdkif kH;xdkifppfaq;rnfjzpf&m? NrKdUolNrKdUom;wdkYrSm jynhfnyfatmif pnfum;

aeav\/ ppfwyfom;wdkYrSmvnf; kH;udk 0kdif;xm;vsuf? y&dowftMum;wGifvnf; olvQKdrsm; vTwf
xm;av\/
Zarni 86
- 135 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
olykef 4-a,muftm; tusOf;axmifrSxkwf,l ppfwef;ay:odkY wifvdkufaomtcg? y&dowf

wdkYonf vSKyfvSKyfGGjzpfaeMuav\/ bk&ifcHum; cHYnm;aom aÈjzifY ...
]]armifbkef;jrifY? armifrif;onf ylwautpdk;&udk vlolvufeufESifY ykefuefw,fvdkY tjypf
ay;&ef zrf;qD;xm;jcif;jzpfw,f? bmajymvdkao;vJ ...}}[k pwifar;jref;av\/ trdefYawmf&rif;\
pum;t& vdk&mxGufvdrfYrnf[kvnf; ,kHpm;av\/ armifbkef;jrifYum; aÈ&&? wnfMunf&J&ifYaom
rsufESmESifY toHOuXac: eufus,faom toH0gBuD;jzifY ...
]]uRefawmfwdkYEdkifiHudk ylwauvlrsKd; wdkufodrf;jcif;rSm rw&m;bl;/ vlrsKd;rwlaom vlrsKd;udk
vufeuftm;udk; tkyfpdk;jcif;rSm rif;"m;jyjzpfw,f/ ylwauvlrsKd;jcm; tkyfpdk; trsKd;bmom? omoem?
qkwf,kwfysufpD;cJYw,f/ wdkif;jynf omvm,HZ&yf jzpfaew,f/ tcGeftwkyfudk qif;&Jom;rsm;
b,favmufrQ ray;EdkifvdkY qif;&Jaeaomfvnf; twif;awmif;,lw,f/ 'Dvdk tpkpk rw&m;csuf
awGaMumifY uRefawmfwdkY ykefuefw,f/ uRefawmf[m acgif;aqmifolykefBuD;yJ/ cifAsm;wdkYudk rEdkifbl;
qdkwm tpuwnf;u odw,f/ odkYaomf uRefawmfwdkYvlrsKd;[m vlrsKd;jcm;atmuf acgif;ikHYcHae
wwfaom vlrsKd;r[kwf? rMumcP ykefuefwwfwJY vlrsKd;qdkwm aemifvmaemufom; trSwf&zdkY rsKd;apY
cscJYjcif; jzpfw,f/ pydefvlrsKd;? 'wfcsfvlrsKd;wdkY ajymjycsuftwdkif;qdk&if vlrsKd;wrsKdeJY wpfrsKd; rwloludk
ykefuef&if? ykefuefjcif;cH&wJY tpdk;&[m rpD&ifydkifbl;vdkYqdkw,f/ xdkYaMumifY cifAsm;wdkYowfvdkuowf?
b,folrS tppfcHrSmr[kwf ...}}[k ajymqdkvdkuf&m y&dowfwdkYrSm ai;pdkufvsuf ylwaubk&ifrSm
rsufESmnKd;oGm;av\/
ou
rO
RI
SK
trSKudk ppfkHoabmrsKd;ppfaq; csufcsif; trdefYcsrnfjzpf&m? y&dowfwdkYrSm ylwaubk&ifcH\

rdefYcGef;udk apmifYpm;aeMuav\/ ylwaubk&ifcHvnf; wdkif;&if;om;rsm; ,Ofaus;atmif tkyfpdk;
ay;aMumif;? wdkif;jynf Nidrf0yfydjym;vQif tpOftkyfpdk;&ef ylwauwdkYpdwfwGifrSdaMumif;? ,ck vli,frsm;
jyKvkyfykHrSm &rf;um;vGef;onfhtwGuf nmwmvdkaomfvnf; rnmwmEdkifawmYaMumif;? odkYjzpf
bkef;jrifY? jrpH? &JabmfESifY vuf0JpnfolbGJUcH &JacgifwdkYtm; ,aeYnae aoewfESifYypfowfap[k trdefY
csvdkuf&m? y&dowfwdkYtxJrS ]][if ...}}ueJ jrnfoHrsm;udk Mum;Mu&av\/
wi
ll b
ea
ty
armifbkef;jrifYwdkYtm; MunfnKdMuaom wdkif;oljynfom;wdkYonf xdkaeYtzdkY aerif;udk qGJ

xm;vdkMu\/ odkY&mwGif aerif;rSm oGm;jrJ0w&m;twdkif; taemufzufaumif;uif xef;wpfzsm;cefYwGif
a&mufaeav\/
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
oefvsifNrKdU olowfukef;wGifum; ppfwyf0dkif;&Hvsuf olykef 4-OD;udk tkwfeH&HwGif pDwef;um

rwfwwf&yfxm;av\/ 4if;wdkYwGif ajcusif;rSd? vufrsm;udkom aemufjyefwkyfxm;vsuf? &Jabmf?
jrpH? bkef;jrifY? &Jacgif tpOftwdkif; &yfxm;av\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
y&dowfwdkYvnf; txl;pnfum;vsuf? tcsKdUrSm idkaeMuav\/ xdkvlpkxJrS ]]tdk udk&Jacgif&JU?

udk,fYom;wpfouf uGJuGmaeNyD; aocgeD;rS jrif&ygvm; ...}}[k idka<u;vdkufaom SifjrwfvS\toHudk
Mum;&&m? y&dowfrsm;rSm pkwfwoyfoyfESifY SdMuav\/ SifjrwfvSum; r,fy#m ajrvl;cef;uJYodkY
Zarni 86
- 136 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
jzpf&m ... ]]bkef;jrifY vluav;&JU? tarYtonf; qGJxkwfwmvm;? tr,fav; ... SifwdkY uRefrom;udk
aocgeD; rerf;&bl;vm;}}[k ajy;0ifoGm;&m? rdef;rBuD;tcsKdUonf 0dkif; qGJxm;Muav\/
armifbkef;jrifYum; wnfMunfaomrsufESmjzifY ]],ck uRefawmfwdkY taocHwmudk owdxm;
Muyg? vlrsKd;jcm; uRefjzpfwJY vlrsKd;rSeforQ vnfacsmif;aoG;rvSef0HYbJ? b,fawmYrS udk,fY&nf
G,fcsuf ...}}
xdktcdkuf rsufESmjzLppfAdkvfwpfa,mufonf pum;rajym&ef ydwfyifvdkufav\/ aepG,fvnf;
usNyDjzpf? aoewfudkifppfom; 4-OD;onf 0g;wpfdkufcefYtuGm aSUwllrS csdefG,fae&m? aS;OD;pGm
&Jabmfudk ypfvdkuf&m? &JabmfrSm 'dkif;ueJ toHMum;NyD;aemuf vJusoGm;av\/ wpfzef jrpHtm;
ypfvdkuf&m? jrpHvnf; &if0aoG;tdkifvsuf vJusaoqkH;Smav\/
xdktcdkuf ...
]]usKyfrMunfh&ufygbl; t&yfuwdkY? 'DvdkaeMuawmYrSmvm; ...}}[k atmf[pfvJusum ajrmarY
aeaom SifjrwfvSudk rdef;rtcsKdU ayGU,lESdyfe,faepOf? y&dowfwdkYonf vSKyfvSKyfGGjzpfum bkef;jrifYESifY
&JacgifSd&modkY ajy;oGm;rnfvkyfMu&m? ppfom;rsm;vnf; aoewfESifY ypfcwfz,fSm;aeav\/ vlrsm;
tiftm;aumif;vSojzifY taocHvkMu&m? wpfem&DcefYMumatmif SKyfSKyfaxG;axG; jzpfysufaepOf
arSmifrdkufvmojzifY? olykefESpfa,mufrSm vlxkxJrS aysmufuG,foGm;av\/ ppfom;rsm;vnf; vlxkudk
cGJvsuf wpfNrKdUvkH; vkdufvHSmazGaomfvnf; olykefESpfOD;udk tpterQ rawGU&bJ jzpfaeav\/
RI
SK
aemuf 3-&ufcefYtMumwGifum; r[m"r&mZm bk&ifrif;jrwfonf oefvsifNrKdUudk 0dkif;&Hvsuf

zdzdpD;pD; wdkufcdkufaeawmY&m? oefvsifppfom;rsm;vnf; olykefwdkYudk rSmtm;awmYbJ? oefvsifNrKdUdk;
ay:rS tjyif;ckcHaeMu&av\/
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
t0bk&ifrif;jrwf\ ppfom;wdkYonf arGcGef;awmifukef;udkywfvsuf wyfwnfwdkufcdkufae&m?

xGufajy;cJYaom vuf0JpnfolESifY om; armifbkef;jrifYwdkYvnf; rif;w&m;BuD;xH tjzpftysuf tusKd;
taMumif; oHawmfOD;wif ppfyJGwGif trSKxrf;Mujyefav\/ oefvsifNrKdUrSm NrKdUjypD;eif; aumif;vS
ojzifY? 3-4 v Mumatmif vltaotaysmufrsm;vsuf r&EdkifbJSd&m? bkef;jrifYonf oefvsifNrKdU
opfwyfwdkifrsm; tajctaeudk azmfjyavQmufxm;rS? Orifwl;vsuf wyfwdkifudk BuKd;jzifYqGJiif wyfwkdif
vJ&mu twif;0ifa&mufwdkufcdkuf&m? 975-ck wefcl;vqef; 8-&ufaeYwGif oefvsifwpfNrKdUvkH;udk
atmifjrifawmfrlav\/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
rif;w&m;BuD;vnf; ukvm;jzL ukvm;rnf;wdkY\ tkd;tdrfSd aTaiGudkypnf;rsm;udk vk,uf

,liif rD;SKdUapav\/ ylwaubk&ifcH ukvm;iZifumtm;vnf; 4if;\wkdufaSUwGif tSifvwfvwf
oHwHusif vQKdxm;apNyD;vQif? rsKd;zsufbk&if ewfSifaemiftm;vnf; rsm;pGm SKHUcstjypfwifum uGyfrsuf
awmfrlav\/ rif;w&m;BuD;um; oefvsifwdkufyGJtwGuf qkvmbf bGJUxl; ay;oifYolwdkYudk txdkuf
tavsmuf ay;oem;awmfrlNyD;aemuf? vuf0Jpnfoltm; rif;acgifoufawmfSnf bGJUxl;jzifY armifrif;\
Zarni 86
- 137 -
r[maqG
olykefBuD;
oefvsifSd r,m;ESifYwuG? aTNrKdUawmfodkY vdkufygtrSKxrf;ap? bkef;jrifYum; aersKd;ocF,mbGJUESifY

oefvsif0ef&mxl;udk,l tkyfcsKyfap? toD;oD; trdefYay;awmfrlav\/
armifbkef;jrifYum; udpt&yf&yf NyD;pD;aomtcg? a,murBuD;aetdrfodkY jyefcJYav\/ bk&if
rif;jrwf\ ay;oem;awmfrlcsufudk odESifYNyD;jzpfaom 0efuawmfBuD;rSm 0rf;enf;0rf;omjzpfvsuf?
rsuf&nf,dkum ESKwfqufav&m armifbkef;jrifYrSm &ifxJu [mvsuf? tusKd;taMumif; jyefvSef
ajymqdk&if; 4if;\tcef;qDodkY vmcJYav\/
tcef;uJvm;udk r 0ifvdkuf&m? txl;tHYtm;oifY oGm;av\/ taMumif;rlum; rdef;uav;
wpfa,mufonf rdrdtm; ausmay;vsuf wpfapmif;tdyfaeaomaMumifYwnf;/ EG,fEG,fuav;onf
tpdrf;b0ESifY rdrdtm; anmifapmif;ay:u apmifYpm;aeava&mYovm;[k awG;awmum aSUodkY
wdk;oGm;&m? rdef;uav;onf armifbkef;jrifYbufodkY apmif;vSnfhvkduf&m? SifjzLjzpfaeojzifY ]][,f ...}}
[k qdkrdvsuf? tjyifodkY xGufcJYav\/
0efuawmfBuD;uvnf; SifjzLrSm vGefcJYonfh 4-5 &ufwnf;uyif vma&mufjyKpkNyD;
aexdkifaMumif;? SifjzLudk jrif&aomtcg EG,fEG,fudk tvGrf;ajyaMumif; Sif;jy&mu? ol<u,f
udkwkwfpHonf armifbkef;jrifY 0ef&mxl;&SdykHudk ajymjyvmaMumif;? NyD;awmY SifjzL 'DrSm xm;rdwm[k
pum;rqufbJ ... ]]EG,fEG,fa& ... uHqdk;avjcif; orD;&JU ...}}[k idka<u;av&m? armifbkef;jrifYrSmvnf;
0efuawmfBuD;ESifYtwl ylaqG; aerdSmavownf;/
Co
mm
erc
i
al
us
eo
ft
his
bo
ok
wi
ll b
ea
ty
ou
rO
RI
SK
r[maqG
Zarni 86
- 138 -

The Boss

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

The Boss

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

r[maqG

]][JY ZedE ... ZedEaum rjrifygyJvm; ...}}[k q&mawmfonf ukPmoufaomtoHjzifY

]]rpm;csifvdkY bk&m; ... pm;vdkYvJ rjzpfbl; bk&m; ...}}[k vnfacsmif;udk tawmftm;xkwfum

odkY&mwGif q&mawmfonf SifZedEtm; cspfcifjcif;wdkYrSm tcsuftvuf rsm;aMumifY r[kwf?

]]aeygOD;[JY? eifbmjzpfvdkYvJ taMumif;udkajymOD;rSaygY ...}}[k rdefYaomfvnf;? udk&ifZedErSm

]][JY Owraum ... 'Daumif bmjzpfwmvJ eifrodbl;vm;/ 'Dtaumif l;aewmvm; ...}}

]]taMumif;Sd&r,f ... taMumif;rJYoufouf 'DvdkrjzpfEdkifbl;/ aeOD; ... eifwdkY NrKdUxJ qGrf;cH

]]w,fcufwJY ow0gyJ? ucFgyg#darmufawG wufaewm[m bmvkyfzdkYvJ ...}}

]]ZedE ... eif tJ'Dtdrfudk qGrf;cHoGm;ovm; ...}}[k ar;jref;awmfrl&m? SifZedEonf pum;jyef

]]wynfhawmf &[ef;rwufcsifawmYbl; bk&mY? vdifjyefcsifNyD bk&mY ...}}

]]rif;bZmaMumifY vlxGuf&rSmvJ wynfhi,f ...}}

q&mawmfonfum; rsufvkH;jyL;vsuf ]]igYwynfh cufNyD ... tSKH;BuD;SKH; tqkH;BuD;qkH;NyD}}[k

]]raysmfvdkY bk&mY ... 'Dtwdkif;qdk&if wynfhawmf toufwdkrSmyJ bk&mY ...}}

]][dkuf acG;rom; ... eifYpdwf azmufjym;vGef;vSacsuvm;/ aumif;NyD ... eifvlxGufawmY eifY

]]wynfhawmf &wJYenf;eJY BuHr,f bk&mY ...}}[k vSpfueJ 0efcHovdk avQmufxm;rdNyD;aemuf

oefvsifNrKdUawmifydkif;odkYa&mufvQif tjcm;&[ef;rsm;ESifY udk&ifwdkYudk cGJxkwf SifZedE

xdktcgusrS 0efrif;onfvnf; tdrfay:rS anmifapmif;wpfckwGif ae&mxdkifcif;rsm; cif;um

]],aeY q&mawmfbk&m;udk,fwdkif <uawmfrlvmoudk; bk&mY ...}}

q&mawmfonf ]]tdrf;}}[k wpfcgef;wnf;om rdefYawmfrlvsuf rvSrf;rurf;wGif 0yfcsaeMuaom

]][dkoli,fr[m 0efrif;&JU orD;taxG;r[kwfvm; ... emrnf b,folwJYvJ ...}}

]]rSefyg ... wynfhawmf&JU orD;taxG;yg bk&m;? emr,f reef;EG,fygwJYbk&m; ...}}

]]tif; tif; ... b0qkawmif; w,fvdkYaumif;cJYykHyJ? toufb,favmufSdNyDvJ 'umBuD; ...}}

BuKHUBuKHU,kHY,kHY ykHYykHYuav;rQ xdkifaeaom reef;EG,f\ kyf&nfvuPmudkum; SifZedEom

q&mawmfbk&m;onfum; xrif;tdk;wpfvkH;csuf omomBuD;Mumatmif tcsdefjzKef;vsuf?

]]xifygNyD bk&m; ...}}

]]udkif; ... wifprf;yguGJU ...}}

SifZedEonf pum;jyef ravQmufxm;acs/

]]udkif; igYSif ZedE ... eifY rmwkumruav;udk eifYrsufpdxJu awG;awmxifjrifprf;[JY ...}}

]]udkif;uG,f ... auomqdkwJY qHyifuav;awGudk uwkH;&dwfvdkuf? uwkH;uav; jzpfaeNyDaemf?

aemufwpfaeY aetkPfusif; tvif;odkYa&mufSdaomtcg q&mawmfbk&m;rSm qGrf;cH<uawmf

aemufawmfyg;rSvnf; SifZedEudk ac:aqmifoGm;&m 0efrif;\tdrfodkY a&mufvQif vGefcJYaom

q&mawmfvnf; tvdkufodawmfrlonfhtvm;? ]]b,fYES,f ,aeY 0efuawmfBuD; rjrifygyJ

aemufawmfyg;u SifZedEum; axG&mav;yg;udk pdwful;vsuf vdkufygvm[ef Sdav\/

vSnf;,OfwpfpD;onf cyfvSrf;vSrf;rS jcLoHrsm;ay;vsuf tajy;uav; armif;ESifvmav&m? teD;odkY

]]ZedE? rif;udk igoifxm;wJY aA'ifwoif;ydkif;awG rSwfrdao;&JUvm; ...}}

]]wifyg ... tukef rSwfrdaMumif;yg bk&m; ...}}

]]aumif;NyD arxkef&moDeJY uef&moDrSm rdef;uav;wpfOD;&JU v*fpef;wpfckck[m aomMum

]]awGUjriforQ a,musfm;rsm;udk BuKdufcspfwwfygw,f bk&m; ...}}

]]tdrf; ... [kwfuNyD/ u&u#f pef;v*f[m paewoif; pD;&ifaumuG,f ...}}

]]vifudk aq;cwfNyD; aoatmif owfwwfygw,f bk&m;}}

]]aMumufp&mygvm;uGJU? od[f&moD v*fpef; aomMumwoif; wnf&ifaum ...}}

]]vifrSwpfyg; tjcm;a,musfm;wdkYudk cspfBuKdufwwfygw,f bk&m; ...}}

]]tdrf; ...rSwfrd&JUudk;/ yxPDtdrfrSm paewnfNyD; 'djyif ygyN*Kd[fawG jrif&ifaum ...}}

]]rdef;rwdkif;awmY b,f[kwfrvJuG,f ... trsm;tm;jzifY ,kwfnhHwmudk a[m&wmudk; ...}}

]]'DvdkjzifY bk&m; ...}}[k SifZedEonf pum;qufrnfvkyfNyD;rS SufaMumufovdk qdwfNidrfpGm

q&mawmfbk&m;onf eef;EG,fuav;uJYodkY rdef;racsm rdef;rvSuav;onf tzdk;wef y'kreD

]]igYSif ZedE? rdef;racsmwdkif;vnf; tusifYpm* jrwfvSw,fvdkY rxifrSm;aveJY/ q&mawmf

]]'DvdkqdkawmYvJ ... rdzk&m;BuD;[m odyfNyD; vGefwmaygY bk&m; ...}}

]]tdrf; wumawmf bk&ifrif;jrwf&,f? oli,fcsif; bk&m;avmif;yka&m[dwf&,f? tJonf tEl

]]bk&ifrif;jrwfvJ 'gawG em;raxmifcsifwmeJY yka&m[dwfudk vufukyfNyD; tomxGufcJYMu

]]b,fYES,f rdzk&m;? em;awmif;wpfzuf rjrifyguvm; ...}}

]]rSefvSyg? yef;xdrfawmfudk jyifcyf&ef tyfESHxm;ygbk&m;}}

]][JY yef;xdrfawmfudk tjrefac:}}qdkNyD; ac:,lar;jref;awmY yef;xdrfawmfuvJ olYxH rdzk&m;BuD;

tJ'Dvdk rdzk&m;udk toufab;u ESKwf,lNyD;wJYaemuf rif;BuD;eJY bk&m;avmif; yka&m[dwfwdkY[m

wpfa,mufu olYom;tzdkY acR;ravmif;wpfa,mufudk vSnf;eJY ac:aqmifvmwmudk bk&m;avmif;

bk&m;avmif;vJ ]]udkif; ... tSifrif;BuD; rdef;rtaMumif; odawmfrlNyD r[kwfvm;}} ar;&m

]]igYSif ZedE? rmwkumrqdkwm b,fYuavmuf aMumufp&maumif;ovJ/ y'krZmwfrSm

jrwfpGmbk&m;ocif udk,fawmfjrwfBuD;onf omuD0ifrif;om; 500 tm; &[ef;jyKay;pOfu

wpfaeYum; udk&ifOwronf SifZedEtm; vufukyfac:,lvsuf? vlSif;aomae&mwGif

odkY&mwGif SifZedEwGifum; tmomqErjywfvSbJ tpGJBuD;pGJ tcspfcifBuD; cspfcifolwpfa,muf

wpfcgwpf&H owdvpfvsuf a,mif,rf;ajymqdkaom pum;rsm;rsm;rSmvnf; reef;EG,fuav;\

q&mawmfbk&m;onf tpyxr qGrf;rpm;bJaeaom wynfhcspftm; olYcspfol rmwkumr

wynfhcspftm; tusKd;taMumif; jyoqkH;raomtcg? wynfhjzpfolrSm vkH;0rvdkufemEdkif? 4if;\