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Experimental Study of Effect of Collar on Local Scour Reduction around

Vertical and 45 Wing wall Abutments
A. Ardeshir

R. Cheraghi

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H. Karami

Abstract Local scour around the abutment is of utmost importance in bridge failures. Numerous
methods such as riprap have been proposed to reduce the destructive effects of scouring; one of the ways
to harness and reduce the local scour depth is installed protective collars around the abutment. In this
paper effect of collar elevation (upper level, bed level and lower level), collar geometry and its size as a
multiplier of the length of the abutment ( La ) have been experimentally investigated. All experiments were

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performed at the threshold of bed material motion under clear-water conditions and uniform-sized bed
material. In this study the full-collar and partial collar performance as a bed protective on the two types
of abutments; vertical wall and 45 wing wall abutment were investigated. The abutment considered in all
experiments was short (ratio of abutment length to approach flow depth less than unity). Results from the
experiments indicate that by increasing the collar width the local scour reduced and the collar width is
utmost importance parameter in scour depth reduction. The Experimental results presented show in the
best case, percentage of scour depth reduction that around the vertical wall (collar at lower bed
elevation) and wing wall abutment (collar at streambed elevation) which is 2.25 times wider than the
abutment width, was obtained 87.8 and 67.8.

Key Words Abutment, Scour depth reduction, Collars, Experimental model and open channel hydraulics.

91/4/14 90/10/27
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1. Melville, B. W., "Local Scour at Bridge Abutments", Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, Vol. 118, pp
615-631, (1992).
2. Dey, S. and Barbhuiya,A.K., "Time Variation of Scour at Abutments", Journal of Hydraulic
Engineering, Vol. 131, pp. 11-23, (2005).
3. Melville, B., van Ballegooy,S., Coleman,S., and Barkdoll, B., "Scour Countermeasures for Wing-

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Wall Abutments", Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, Vol. 132, pp. 563-574, (2006).
4. Molinas, A., Kheireldin, K., Wu, and Baosheng., "Shear Stress around Vertical Wall Abutments",
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, Vol. 124, pp. 822, (1998).
5. Chiew, Y.M., "Scour Protection at Bridge Piers", Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, Vol. 118, pp.
1260-1269, (1992).
6. Kumar, V., Ranga Raju, K.G., and Vittal, N., "Reduction of Local Scour around Bridge Piers Using

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Solts and Collars", Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, Vol. 125, pp. 1302-1305, (1999).
7. Mashair, M.B., Zarrati, A.R. and Rezayi, A.R., "Time Development of Scouring around a Bridge Pier

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Protected by Collar", 2nd International Conference on Scour and Erosion, ICSE-2, Singapore, 8 p,
(2004).
8. Mashahir, M.B, Zarrati, A.M. and Mokallaf, E., "Application of Riprap and Collar to Prevent
Scouring around Rectangular Bridge Piers", Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, Vol. 136, pp. 183187, (2010).
9. Hua Li, Roger A. Kuhnle, Brian D. Barkdoll, "Countermeasures Against Scour at Abutments",
Report No. 49 Oxford, Mississippi, (2006).
10. Kayaturk, S.Y., Kokpinar, M.A. and Gogus, M., "Effect of Collar on Temporal Development of Scour

around Bridge Abutments", 2nd International Conference on scourand erosion, IAHR, Singapore, 1417 November, pp. 180-186, (2004).
11. Kirkgoz, M .S., Ardichoghlu, M., "Velocity profiles of developing and developed open channel
flow", Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, pp.1099-1015, (1997).
12. Lauchlan, C.S., Melville, B.W., "Riprap protection at bridge piers", Journal of Hydraulic
Engineering, Vol. 125, pp. 412-418, (2001).
13. Melville, B.W., "Pier and Abutment scour: Integrated approach.", Journal of Hydraulic
Engineering,ASCE ,123(2), 125-136, (1997).

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