Trng i hc Bch khoa H Ni

B mn H Thng in - Khoa in
===============================

PGS. TS. L Vn t

Mt s vn v
vn hnh kinh t h thng in
===========

H Ni 10 - 2002

Ni dung
I. BI TON VN HNH KINH T H THNG IN
1.1. Cc ni dung tnh ton kinh t k thut ch yu i vi HT.
1.2. Vi c im v hin trng v s pht trin ca HT Vit Nam (trn
quan im vn hnh kinh t).
1.3. Vai tr, ngha ca cc bi ton ti u ha ch vn hnh ca h
thng in
II. BI TON VN HNH TI U CC NGUN IN
2.1. Ni dung bi ton.
2.2. c im bi ton vn hnh ti u ngun trong HT Vit Nam. Vn
la chn m hnh v phng php tnh ton.
2.3. Hiu qu p dng cc phng php tnh ton, vn hnh ti u cc nh
my in trong h thng in hp nht.
2.4. Hiu qu xy dng mch hai ng dy siu cao p 500 kV Bc Trung - Nam
2.5. nh gi vai tr v hiu qu ca cc d n pht trin ngun in i
vi h thng
III. VN VN HNH TI U LI IN PHN PHI
3.1. Gim tn tht in nng - ch tiu kinh t ch yu trong vn hnh ti
u h thng cung cp in.
3.2. c im bi ton vn hnh ti u ngun trong h thng in Vit
Nam. Vn la chn m hnh v phng php tnh ton.
3.2. La chn v tr v dung lng b ti u cng sut phn khng trong
h thng cung cp in.
3.3. Cc trang thit b mi v vn iu khin vn hnh ti u h thng
cung cp in.
IV. VN KHAI THC TI U NGUN THY NNG
4.1. iu tit di hn cc nh my thy in
4.2. Hiu qu ca nh my thy in tch nng.
Ti liu tham kho

I. BI TON VN HNH KINH T H THNG IN

Nhng c im ca h thng in Vit Nam cn quan tm khi tnh
ton vn hnh ti u h thng
1.1. Cc ni dung tnh ton kinh t k thut ch yu i vi HT.
TNH TON KINH T
K THUT

Quy hoch, thit k

Pht trin,
m rng

Ci to, nng
cp thit b

Phn tch kinh t, ti

chnh, la chn phng
n kh thi

iu khin, vn hnh

Ti u ha
ch
ngun in

Ti u ha
ch li
in

Xc nh phng thc vn
hnh ti u (cc tiu ha chi
ph vn hnh)

1.2. Vi c im v hin trng v s pht trin ca HT Vit Nam

(trn quan im vn hnh kinh t).
1. S hnh thnh h thng in hp nht.
H thng in hp nht c nhng c im chnh nh sau:
.
.

Gp phn gim c d tr tng v cng sut

Cho php phi hp khai thc hp l cng sut v nng lng
ca cc nh my thy in ni ring - cc nh my in ni

2.

chung v nng cao tnh kinh t tng hp ca chng do c nhiu

phng n la chn.
.
Gim c ph ti cc i tng ca h thng in hp nht.
.
Cho php h tr ln nhau gia cc h thng in khi cng sut
cc nh my in thay i theo ma nht l i vi thy in,
khi ph ti cc h thng in khc nhau thay i khc nhau, khi
cn sa cha thit b v s c.
.
H thng in hp nht lm tng s lin kt gia cc phn t,
iu cng c ngha l s c mt ni no c th dn n
nh hng mt ni rt xa.
S tng trng nhy vt v nhu cu tiu th in.
-

3.

K t khi hp nht h thng in, ph ti ton h thng v tng

min tng kh nhanh dn n h thng in Vit nam lun phi
vn hnh trong tnh trng cng thng v ngun.
Li cung cp in cn tn ti nhiu vn bt cp: c qu
nhiu cp in p, tn tht truyn ti cao, dung lng b cng
sut phn khng rt thiu, ...
Mt s nt c th ring ca h thng in Vit Nam.
-

C chiu di ln (tri di theo lnh th Bc - Nam), c chiu

ngang nh. iu ny dn n cc ng dy ti in tng i
di.
Ngun in trong h thng in Vit nam rt nhiu chng loi:
thy in, nhit in than, nhit in du, tuabin kh chu trnh
n v chu trnh hn hp, in diesel, ... vi cc c tnh vn
hnh rt khc nhau.
Ngun phn b khng u theo khu vc:
.
min Bc ch yu l cc nh my thy in v nhit in
than;
.
min Nam: bao gm cc nh my nhit in du, tuabin
kh v tuabin kh hn hp;
.
min Trung: cho n nay c t nh my in.
Li cung cp in c nhiu cp in p (110, 66, 35, 22, 15,
10, 6 kV), c nt phi tiu chun (thiu b v cc phng tin
iu chnh in p).

1.3. Vai tr, ngha ca cc bi ton ti u ha ch vn hnh ca h

thng in
Xt v d n gin:
H thng in c 2 khu vc:

.
.
.
.

Khu vc 1 c: Nhit in than 500 MW, thy in 1000 MW.

Khu vc 2 c: Nhit in du 800 MW, nhit in kh 400 MW,
thy in nh 200 MW.
Lin kt qua ng dy siu cao p 500 kV, gii hn truyn ti
Pmin = 100 MW, Pmax= 400MW.
Tn tht cng sut 8% khi cng sut truyn ti 500 MW (t l
theo xp x bc 2).

Cc s liu ngun:
Nh my

Khu
vc

Pmax
MW

Pmin
MW

Thy in
Nhit in than
Nhit in kh
Nhit in du
Thu in nh

I
I
II
II
II

1000
500
400
800
200

0
300
100
200
0

Chi ph vn
hnh
USD/MWh
5
15
30
60
5

Gii hn sn
lng ngy
(MWh)
18000
3000

Biu ph ti
t
P1
P2

10

11

12

796

774

767

766

778

814

840

884

937

1007

1034

951

913

925

1031

969

1014

1110

1384

1440

1350

1178

965

839

718

699

690

691

702

735

758

798

846

909

934

859

824

835

930

874

915

1002

1300

1250

1220

1064

871

757

T1

NK

ND

DSCA

NT

P1

T2

P2

Kt qu phn tch
PDgh
C
TD1
NT
Eng ND
NK
TD2

100

200

300

400

500

600

1180480

998035

854472

770193

738574

730525

730442

12783
7200
10706
7200
4000

15038
7369
8432
7098
4000

17317
7628
6919
6216
4000

18000
9278
6010
5006
4000

18000
10718
5696
4070
4000

18000
11545
5699
3380
4000

18000
11630
5710
3317
4000

S bin thin ca hm mc tiu

1400000
1200000
1000000
800000
600000
400000
200000
0

Nhn xt:
1.

Cng m bo cho mt biu ph ti ngy, cc phng n phn b

khc nhau v cng sut cho cc nh my, c chi ph khc nhau ng k.
Nguyn nhn: cc nh my khc nhau nhiu v chng loi vi chi ph
sn xut khc nhau nhiu.

2.

ng dy lin kt vi gi thit c cng sut truyn ti khc nhau nh

hng rt mnh n chi ph vn hnh ca ton h thng. Tuy nhin khi
tng kh nng truyn ti n mt mc no th s thay i gi tr
ca hm mc tiu khng ng k.

3.

Khi xt h thng nh mt khu vc th gii hn truyn ti cng sut s

c kh nng khng m bo. Khng cho php vn hnh.

II. BI TON VN HNH TI U CC NGUN IN

2.1. Ni dung bi ton.
Bi ton vn hnh ti u h thng in cn c m t dng quy
hoch tng hp, m t tng qut nh sau:
Hm mc tiu
Cc tiu ho chi ph sn xut in nng:
k
m

C = (C ji ( Pij ) + SUC ji + SDC ji ) min (1-1)

i =1 j =1

Trong :
i = 1..k
j = 1..m
Cij (Pij)
SUCji
SDCji

Khong thi gian tnh ton, kho st.

S t my c trong h thng in.
cc hm m t c tnh chi ph theo cng sut pht ca
t my pht in .
Chi ph khi ng ca t my j gi i.
Chi ph dng my ca t my j gi i.

Cc rng buc:
Cn bng cng sut ti mi nt ca h thng in (h phng
trnh).
Rng buc v lng nc s dng trong chu k kho st ca cc
nh my thu in (h phng trnh).
m bo yu cu d phng cng sut quay trong h thng (h
bt phng trnh).
Rng buc v biu cung cp kh ca cc nh my in tuabin
kh (h phng trnh).
Gii hn truyn ti cng sut trn mt s nhnh ca li in.
Gii hn cng sut pht (ti a, ti thiu) ca cc t my;
Rng buc v tc tng gim cng sut ca t my;
Rng buc v khi ng v dng t my: s gi chy my ti
thiu, s ln khi ng nhiu nht, s gi dng my ti thiu,
cc t my phi chy, phi dng...
Phn loi bi ton vn hnh ti u:

Ngi ta thng phn loi bi ton theo khung thi gian kho st:
-

Thi gian t vi thng n vi nm l bi ton phng thc vn

hnh di hn.
T mt ngy n vi tun l phng thc vn hnh trung hn.
T vi ting n vi ngy l bi ton phng thc vn hnh
ngn hn.
T mt vi pht n mt gi l bi ton vn hnh kinh t thi
gian thc gn vi h thng SCADA/EMS.

2.2. c im bi ton vn hnh ti u ngun trong HT Vit Nam.

Vn la chn m hnh v phng php tnh ton.
1.

c im u tin cn nhn thy, l s a dng v chng loi cc

nh my in: thu in, nhit in than, nhit in du, nhit in kh,
nhit in kh chu trnh hn hp, Diesel, ... Nh trn ni, trong HT
cng a dng v chng loi ngun th hiu qu bi ton ti u ho vn
hnh cng c ngha cao hn, bi s c kh nng la chn cc phng
n c hiu qu rt khc nhau v chi ph vn hnh.

2.

Tc tng trng nhy vt v nhu cu tiu th in, t h thng vo

cc tnh hung cng thng v ngun, d tr in nng thp, la chn
phng thc vn hnh ti u khi cng c ngha quyt nh. i khi
cn l cch duy nht tm c phng n vn hnh kh thi.

3.

Gii hn truyn ti cng sut gia cc khu vc i vi HT Vit Nam

cng l mt yu t bt buc cn phi xt n. Nu khng xt gii hn
ny, li gii s hon ton v ngha (phng n vn hnh khng kh thi).

4.

Tn ti nhng c im ring v ngun mt s nh my cng l mt

yu t cn quan tm gii quyt (vng cm vn hnh trn c tnh, gii
hn cung cp kh theo biu ...).

Vn la chn phng php gii

Vi cc c im nu, m hnh bi ton vn hnh ti u HT Vit
Nam cn c xt dng y ca bi ton quy hoch phi tuyn. Nhng
chng trnh tnh ton lp trn c s cc phng php sau u khng p
dng c (hoc cn p dng c ci tin):
-

Phng php Lagrange;

Phng php cn bng sut tng tng i;
Phng php quy hoch ng xt h thng nh mt khu vc.
...

Thi gian va qua, Trung tm iu h thng in quc gia kt

hp vi b mn H thng in trng i hc Bch khoa H Ni nghin cu
thut ton v xy dng chng trnh tnh ton phn b ti u cng sut trong
h thng in da trn c s phng php quy hoch phi tuyn xp x [3].
Phng php t ra c trin vng p dng tt.

u im ca chng trnh:
Tnh n gii hn cng sut truyn ti gia cc khu vc;
Xt n mi gii hn k thut vn hnh cc t my.
Xt n tnh phi tuyn ca tn tht trn ng dy, c tnh tiu
hao nhin liu.
Xt n gii hn cung cp kh theo biu .
Lun cho li gii duy nht khi c nghim.
Chng trnh c ng dng th lp biu vn hnh ngy m
cho HT hp nht.
2.3. Hiu qu p dng cc phng php tnh ton, vn hnh ti u cc
nh my in trong h thng in hp nht.
Di y l mt s kt qu so snh chi ph vn hnh (ch yu l chi
ph nhin liu) phng thc ti u tnh theo chng trnh vi phng thc
vn hnh qua lp thep phng php chuyn gia. (Trung tm iu h
thng in quc gia thc hin).

Chi ph
Tnh theo phng php
chuyn gia (USD)
Tnh theo phng php
mi (USD)
Chnh lch (USD)

Ngy cui
ma kh
(15/05/00)

Ngy ma l
(15/08/00)

Ngy cui
ma l
(15/09/00)

Ngy ma
kh
(15/12/00)

1566506

933378

648565

1168107

1551496

898088

612982

1166840

15010
(1%)

35291
(3.8%)

35583
(5.5%)

1267
(0.1%)

T kt qu tnh ton cho ta thy s dng chng trnh tnh ton rt c

li, chi ph nhin liu tit kim c c th chim mt vi phn trm ca chi
ph pht in tng.
2.4. Hiu qu xy dng mch hai ng dy siu cao p 500 kV Bc Trung - Nam
1. Nguyn tc tnh ton
nh gi hiu qu ca ng dy v mt kinh t cn so snh chnh
lch chi ph vn hnh h thng trong cng iu kin ti v ngun
phng n c v phng n khng c mch hai ng dy siu cao p
500 kV. Hiu gim c chi ph do s xut hin mch hai l bi 2
nguyn nhn:
-

Thi im a ng dy vo vn hnh c tnh t cui nm 2000,

cn hiu qu kinh t c tnh ton trong 5 nm t nm 2001 - 2005,
theo chi ph ca tng nm mt, ng vi biu ph ti d bo (nh
nhau cho 2 phng n).
-

M rng gii hn truyn ti cng sut gia cc khu vc, nh th

c th phi hp tt hn cc ngun pht in, phng n ti u
c chi ph nh hn.
Gim tn tht truyn ti do c thm mch.

Gii hn truyn ti ca on ng dy Plycu - Ph Lm c

ly tnh ton:
+ Khi ch c 1 mch c : 700 MW
+ Khi c thm mch th 2 : 1100 MW .
Tn tht trn ng dy siu cao p c tnh ra trn c s tr
s vn hnh hin ti v coi l ph thuc bc 2 vi cng sut
truyn ti cui ng dy: PD = k PD2 ,
Vi k l h s tn tht; k = PD/PD 10% khi PD = 450 MW.
Biu ph ti 3 min t nm 2001 n 2005 ly theo s liu
d bo trong Tng s 4 (ma kh v ma ma)

Cc s liu khc nh cng sut kh dng cc nh my in tham gia

vn hnh, chi ph in nng thanh ci (tnh theo nhin liu tiu hao),
lng nc v h cha cc nh my thy in (ma kh, ma ma)...
ly theo s liu ca Vin Nng lng Vit Nam.
Ni dung v cc bc tnh ton c thc hin nh sau:
10

S dng cc s liu thu thp tin hnh xc nh ch vn hnh

ti u ca h thng t nm 2001 n nm 2005. Mi nm tnh vi biu
ph ti v lng nc ma kh, ma ma. Kt qu nhn c t mi
phng n l biu vn hnh ti u tng nh my, chi ph nhin liu tng
nh my v chi ph tng cho h thng, tnh bng USD .
2. Kt qu so snh tng hp

Bng 1: Kt qu tnh ton chi ph vn hnh ti u HT ( n v USD)

Nm
Ma

2001
Kh

Ma

2002
Kh

Ma

2003
Kh

Ma

2004
Kh

Ma

2005
Kh

Ma

PA 1D

1256332 712539

1750485 1002411 2017882 1176473 1993615 1462282 2516372 1558238

PA 2D

1250013 684417

1747398

986389

3087

16022

Ch. lch
ngy
Ch. lch

6319

28122

6.285.483

3.487.393

2011901 1093788 1972776 1330701 2509610 1414638

5981

82685

16.181.545

20839

131581

27.816.650

6762

143600

27.441.065

nm

Chnh lch chi ph tng trong 5 nm : 81.212.135 USD

T cc kt qu tnh ton c th rt ra c cc kt lun sau v hiu
qu kinh t ng dy:
1.

ng dy c hiu qu kinh t ngay t nm u tin a vo vn hnh,

tuy nhin 2 nm u hiu qu cha cao :
Nm 2001 thu hi 6,3 triu USD;
Nm 2002 l 3,5 triu USD;
Cc nm tip theo :
Nm 2003 l 16,2 triu USD;
Nm 2004 l 27,8 triu USD;
Nm 2005 l 27,4 triu USD.
Nh vy c th coi ng dy pht huy hiu qu cao t nm 2003 tr
i.

11

2.

Theo s liu tnh ton, sau 5 nm ng dy cha thu hi c vn u

t. Tuy nhin vi mc hiu qu tnh nh nm 2004, 2005 th sau 6 nm
ng dy s thu hi c vn.Cng c th coi l mt cng trnh c
hiu qu kinh t cao.

Cc tnh ton trn y c thc hin vo nm 1998. Kt qu

phn no khng nh phng n xy dng mch hai 500 kV Pleiku - Ph
Lm. Hin nay, khi so snh hiu qu cc phng n s li in khu cng
nghip Dung Qut, cc on mch hai khc ca ng dy 500 kV, cng cn
p dng cc phng php tnh ton so snh hiu qu kinh t. Rt tic cc ni
dung nay cha c quan tm ng mc.
2.5. nh gi vai tr v hiu qu ca cc d n pht trin ngun in
i vi h thng
1. Nguyn tc tnh ton
Ngoi yu cu m bo cn bng cng sut v in nng h thng
(c xt n cc loi d phng), v phng din hiu qu kinh t vn hnh h,
mt ngun mi a vo c th mang li :
-

Lm gim chi ph vn hnh, do gim gi thnh sn xut in

nng bnh qun ca h thng; L do: gim cng thng v cng
sut, c th chuyn cc ngun km kinh t, hiu sut thp thnh
cng sut d phng. Hiu qu ny s c chng trnh tnh
ton phn b ti u thit lp.
Nng cao cng sut d phng, cho php lp c k hoch sa
cha hp l hn, gim xc xut thiu ht in nng cho h
thng.

Khi so snh hiu qu ch yu tnh ton yu t u. Cch thc hin

nh sau:
-

Theo biu ph ti ngy d bo tng trng qua cc nm

(thng cho theo ma kh, ma ma) a vo chng trnh
nhm thit lp iu kin cn bng cng sut v in nng.
Theo lng nc tnh ton 2 ma (kh v ma) thit lp cn
bng in nng ngy cho cc NMT.
Xt n mi gii hn v k thut cng sut kh dng ca cc
ngun c

12

Tnh ton phn b ti u cng sut trong h thng, hai phng

n c v khng c ngun mi a vo.

Cc kt qu c th nhn c:
-

Chnh lch chi ph vn hnh tng gia hai phng n (tnh cho
tng nm). T tnh ra hiu qu vn hnh tng trong chu k
tnh ton.
S bin thin gi in sn sut bnh qun ca tng phng n
theo thi gian.
Thi gian s dng cng sut lp my Tmax ca nh my d
kin a vo. Cc thng tin trn rt hu ch so snh kinh t
k thut d n. Nu nh my c Tmax nh th cng th hin
vai tr thp trong h thng trong thi gian xt.

Phng php tnh va nu c p dng tnh ton lun chng hiu

qu d n xy dng nh my nhit in Mn v thy in Sn La.
III. VN VN HNH TI U LI IN PHN PHI
3.1. Gim tn tht in nng - ch tiu kinh t ch yu trong vn hnh
ti u h thng cung cp in.
Khi li in vn hnh th vic gim thp tn tht in nng l
ni dung ct yu ca bi ton vn hnh. Hiu qu th hin:
-

Gim c gi thnh in nng truyn ti;

Gim vn u t pht trin cng sut trm.
Ci thin cht lng in nng (tn tht ln thng ko theo st
in p).

3.2. c im bi ton vn hnh ti u ngun trong h thng in Vit

Nam. Vn la chn m hnh v phng php tnh ton.
Nh trn ni li in Vit Nam v nht l li phn phi c
nhiu vn cn xem xt (do qu trnh tng trng qu nhanh ca nhu cu
cng sut):
-

Li c nt;
Qu nhiu cp in p;
Thit k thiu quy chn,
Thiu dung lng b.

13

Do tn tht ln l khng trnh khi.

Ngoi ni dung ci to pht trin (quy hoch thit k), Bi ton vn
hnh kinh t rt ng c quan tm. Cc l do chnh l:
-

Cc bin php vn hnh kinh t i hi u t t hn;

Hiu qu phng php c ngha ph cp bi li phn phi
tri khp mi min t nc. Tn tht tng trong li phn phi
rt ln. V nguyn tc ton b CS ngun u phi qua LPP
trc khi cung cp cho ph ti. Do gim c m vi phn
trm tn tht nh nhng phng php ph cp s em li hiu
qu kinh t ln.

V phng din vn hnh li in phn phi th vn b cng sut

phn khng vn l ni dung c ngha ln.
3.2. La chn v tr v dung lng b ti u cng sut phn khng trong
h thng cung cp in.
1. Sut gim chi ph t thm dung lng b
Khi tnh ton hiu qu v xc nh nhu cu b CSPK i vi cc LPP
in ang vn hnh, khi nim sut gim chi ph tn tht do t thm thit b
b rt c ngha.
Trc ht hy xt biu thc xc nh tn tht cng sut trn mt
nhnh c in tr R v in khng X. Cng sut truyn ti cui ng dy
khi cha b l P + jQ , sau b l P + j(Q-Qb).

P+j(Q-Qb) 1
-jQb
I
P+jQ

3
4
5

a)

b)

Tn tht cng sut tc dng xt n hiu qu b:

14

P = 3RI 2 R
=

P 2 + (Q Qb ) 2
2
U dm

R(Q Qb ) 2
RP 2
+
;
2
2
U dm
U dm

Trong P,Q - cng sut 3 pha, Um in p dy.

Chnh lch tn tht trc v sau b c th tnh c :
P = P1 P2

R[Q 2 (Q Qb ) 2 ] R (2QQb Qb2 )

=
;.
2
2
U dm
U dm

(1)
Du dng ca P th hin gim tn tht do t thit b b.
Nu xt mng phc tp hnh tia, hiu qu lm gim tn tht do t
dung lng b Qbj ti nt j bt k c th vit c dng tng qut:
Pj =

1
2
U dm

R (2Q Q

bj

Qbj2 )

(2)
Trong tng c tnh vi tt c cc nhnh i nm trn ng D
xut pht t thanh ci ngun A n nt j . tin trong cch vit, y s
dng s hiu nhnh trng vi s hiu nt cui ca n, tnh theo hng cng
sut cung cp t u ngun. V d, vi s hnh 1,b hiu qu lm gim tn
tht khi t dung lng b ti nt 4:
P4 =

1
[ R1 ( 2Q1Qb 4 Qb24 ) + R2 ( 2Q2 Qb 4 Qb24 ) + R4 ( 2Q4Qb 4 Qb24 )] ;
2
U dm

Khi dung lng b t ti nhiu nt ta cng vit c:

N

P = Pj ;
j =1

(3)

Hiu qu lm gim chi ph tn tht tng:

C = g..P ;
Trong :
g-

gi bn in;
thi gian tn tht cng sut ln nht;

gim tn tht cng sut do t thit b b.

15

Cng c th thit lp hm hiu qu lm gim tn tht ring cho thit

b b t ti nt j:
C j = g . .Pj =

g.
2
U dm

Ri (2QiQbj Qbj2 ) .
i D

Cc biu thc Cj ph thuc Qbj c th coi l cc hm hiu qu

ring ca thit b b. Chng c dng hm bc 2 vi tr s cc tiu ti Qb>0.
Tr s o hm ca hm ny chnh l hiu qu gim chi ph tn tht tnh cho
1 n v cng sut b t thm ti mt nt c th khi gi nguyn tr s cng
sut b ti mi im khc (do nu tnh theo (3) phi ly o hm rng):
C 2. g .
= 2 .[ Ri Qi Qbj Ri ] ;
Qbj
U dm
i
i

(4)

C th gi C/Qbj l sut gim chi ph tn tht tnh cho dung

lng b t ti nt j, chng c n v l ng/kVar. nm. D thy rng mi
n v cng sut b t thm vo nt j no em li hiu qu kinh t ch
khi sut gim chi ph tn tht tnh ton c theo (4) ln hn sut vn u t
ca thit b b (tnh cho mi nm). Nt c tr s sut gim chi ph cng ln
th hiu qu b cng cao.
T kt qu nhn c nu trn c th trc tip suy ra cch gii ca
mt s bi ton ng dng:
a) Bi ton xc nh tt c cc v tr (nt) b m bo thi gian thu
hi vn u t nh hn thi hn cho.
S thut ton trnh by trn hnh 2. Cc bc thc hin nh sau:
Bc 1. Tnh sut gim chi ph tn tht C/Qb cho mi nt, thc cht l
tnh cc o hm ring (4) vi mi nt, tr s Qbj ly bng tng cc dung
lng b t thm cho n bc ang xt (bc u tin Qbj = 0). Tm nt
c sut gim chi ph tn tht ln nht (chng hn nhn c nt k).

16

Bc 2. Tnh thi gian thu hi vn

u t tng ng vi lng cng
sut b t thm vo nt k:

Vo s liu

Tnh C/Qbj theo (4)

T =

j=1,2,...,N
Tm
C/Qbk =max(C/Qbj)
j

T=k0/(C/Qbk)

T < Tth

Tnh dung lng b cc

nt: Qbj ,,j=1,2,...,N

Thay i
Qbk = Qbk +Qb

k0
, nm ;
C / Qbk

Trong k0 - sut vn u t cho

mt n v cng sut b t thm,
cn C/Qbk va xc nh c
theo (4). So snh T vi thi hn
thu hi vn cho Tth. Nu T<Tth
th tip tc thc hin bc 3 ,
ngc li qu trnh tnh kt thc, in
trng thi dung lng b cc nt.
Bc 3. Tng thm dung lng b
cho nt k, lng cng sut phn

Hnh
khng t thm l Qb. Tr s Qb
2
cn nh nh hng lm gim hiu qu b cc nt khc khng ln, v
In kt qu

d ly Qb = (510) kVar. Quay tr li bc 1. Do qu trnh dung lng b

cc nt tng tr s C/Qb gim dn nn thi gian thu hi vn T tng
nhanh. Qu trnh tnh ton kt thc sau mt s hu hn bc lp.
p dng thut ton va nu xy dng chng trnh tnh ton cho
php nh gi rt hiu qu nhu cu b cc LPP ang vn hnh. Trn hnh
v l s LPP thuc l 976 E11 trm Thnh Cng H Ni.

17

Kt qu tnh ton tr s C/Qb cho mi nt v thi gian thu hi vn

u t nu t thm dung lng b vo nt c lit k trong bng. Nt
c du * th hin c hiu qu cao.

S LPP thuc l 976 E11 trm Thnh Cng H Ni

Bng 4-2: Kt qu phn tch b
Nhanh
i
j
1
2
1
4
5
5
5
8
9
9

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

Ri
om
0.03
2.27
0.01
0.04
1.64
6.84
0.03
0.05
13.89
0.05

Qi
kVar
378.03
340.00
12168.19
2282.37
410.00
170.00
1628.88
914.03
100.00
801.61

Qbi
kVar
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

kV

10.43
0.40
10.37
10.35
0.40
0.40
10.34
10.33
0.40
10.32

dC/dQ
ng.dg/kVar
0.011
25.836
0.019
0.023
23.008
39.933
0.026
0.028
48.209
0.030

Tth
nam

8748.72
3.87
5208.46
4298.22
4.35
2.50
3921.21
3585.16
2.07
3346.42

18

11
12
11
14
15
14
17
17
19
8
21
21
23
24
23
26
4
28
29
28
31
32
32
34
34
36
36
38
38
40
40
42
42
44
44
46
46
48
48
50
50
50
50
50
55
55
57
31
59
59
61
61
63
61
65
65
67
67
67
70
70

12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72

0.03
9.60
0.02
0.03
9.60
0.04
2.27
0.03
13.89
0.03
2.27
0.02
0.02
6.84
0.03
6.84
0.03
0.02
2.27
0.04
0.06
6.84
0.02
6.84
0.02
9.60
0.02
2.27
0.02
9.60
0.02
9.60
0.02
9.60
0.02
9.60
0.02
9.60
0.03
9.60
2.27
9.60
9.60
0.03
4.69
0.04
4.69
0.06
6.84
0.01
6.84
0.07
6.84
0.01
6.84
0.02
1.64
2.27
0.02
6.84
0.02

155.49
140.00
645.62
155.94
140.00
490.13
340.00
111.51
100.00
713.13
300.00
379.16
189.44
170.00
189.46
170.00
9747.88
333.21
300.00
9229.67
3394.75
170.00
3197.01
170.00
3000.76
140.00
2837.24
340.00
2452.48
140.00
2292.53
140.00
2134.02
140.00
1974.86
140.00
1817.31
140.00
1657.61
140.00
600.00
140.00
140.00
490.68
220.00
245.49
220.00
5701.66
170.00
5489.04
170.00
178.65
160.00
5100.94
170.00
4883.54
480.00
340.00
1453.80
170.00
1262.85

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

10.32
0.40
10.32
10.32
0.40
10.31
0.40
10.31
0.40
10.34
0.40
10.34
10.33
0.40
10.33
0.40
10.29
10.29
0.40
10.16
10.10
0.39
10.08
0.39
10.06
0.39
10.04
0.39
10.03
0.38
10.02
0.38
10.01
0.38
9.99
0.38
9.99
0.38
9.97
0.38
0.37
0.38
0.38
9.97
0.38
9.96
0.38
10.04
0.39
10.01
0.38
10.01
0.39
9.99
0.38
9.96
0.38
0.38
9.95
0.38
9.94

0.030
46.890
0.030
0.031
46.891
0.031
26.376
0.031
48.457
0.026
23.041
0.027
0.027
40.138
0.027
40.138
0.033
0.033
23.279
0.053
0.064
42.275
0.068
42.279
0.072
49.398
0.075
28.079
0.079
49.921
0.081
49.924
0.083
50.187
0.085
50.189
0.087
50.191
0.090
50.457
53.575
50.457
50.457
0.091
38.335
0.091
38.536
0.071
42.721
0.075
42.948
0.076
40.217
0.079
43.176
0.084
29.751
28.528
0.086
43.636
0.087

3322.57
2.13
3287.61
3260.69
2.13
3192.87
3.79
3177.25
2.06
3776.06
4.34
3717.51
3684.86
2.49
3674.00
2.49
3045.78
3016.50
4.30
1897.92
1552.25
2.37
1468.00
2.37
1396.61
2.02
1327.68
3.56
1273.20
2.00
1231.10
2.00
1203.28
1.99
1170.56
1.99
1148.96
1.99
1111.44
1.98
1.87
1.98
1.98
1100.79
2.61
1093.80
2.59
1408.50
2.34
1332.49
2.33
1319.86
2.49
1268.57
2.32
1186.27
3.36
3.51
1168.34
2.29
1153.17

*
*
*
*
*
*
*

19

72
72
72
75
75
77
75
79
67
81
81
81
81
85
86
87
86
89
90
89
92
89
94
94
96
85
98
98
100
100
500

73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
1

4.69
4.69
0.01
6.84
0.06
3.20
0.04
4.69
0.01
6.84
6.84
9.60
0.01
0.03
0.02
13.89
0.02
0.02
4.69
0.04
9.60
0.03
4.69
0.04
2.27
0.03
6.84
0.02
30.00
9.60
0.02

220.00
220.00
770.90
170.00
336.21
300.00
245.55
220.00
2498.71
170.00
170.00
140.00
1961.00
1544.76
111.54
100.00
1431.49
245.30
220.00
111.45
100.00
1073.26
240.00
803.21
680.00
413.28
170.00
223.39
60.00
140.00
12916.25

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.38
0.38
9.94
0.38
9.94
0.38
9.94
0.38
9.95
0.38
0.38
0.38
9.94
9.93
9.92
0.38
9.92
9.91
0.38
9.92
0.38
9.91
0.38
9.90
0.36
9.93
0.38
9.93
0.38
0.38
10.50

Ton that cong suat tac dung tong:

38.531
38.531
0.087
43.638
0.088
36.065
0.088
38.735
0.086
43.636
43.636
50.718
0.087
0.090
0.090
52.690
0.091
0.092
38.942
0.092
35.693
0.093
42.925
0.095
63.058
0.088
43.638
0.088
69.350
50.988
0.011

2.60
2.60
1145.60
2.29
1131.86
2.77
1138.69
2.58
1166.87
2.29
2.29
1.97
1147.21
1114.80
1113.54
1.90
1093.94
1089.93
2.57
1091.34
2.80
1075.06
2.33
1054.59
1.59
1139.61
2.29
1136.35
1.44
1.96
9229.84

*
*

802.05 kW ;

3.3. Cc trang thit b mi v vn iu khin vn hnh ti u h

thng cung cp in.

IV. VN KHAI THC TI U NGUN THY NNG

4.1. iu tit di hn cc nh my thy in

4.2. Hiu qu ca nh my thy in tch nng.

(cc phn gii thiu thm)

20

Ti liu tham kho

1.

Allen J. Wood, Bruce F. Wollenberg. Power Generation, Operation and

Control. John Wiley & Sons. NewYork . 1994.

2.

Kundur P. Power System Stability and Control. Mc. Graw Hill. New
York. 1994

3.

L Vn t. Xy dng chng trnh tnh ton tm li gii ti u ton cc

xp x ca bi ton quy hoch phi tuyn. Khoa hc & Cng ngh. No
19+20, 1999.

4.

L Vn t, Nguyn c Cng, Trn Quc Tun. Biu vn hnh ti

u cc nh my in trong HT nhiu nhu vc xt n cc gii hn
truyn ti cng sut. Khoa hc & Cng ngh. No 25+26, 2000.

5.

Tng Thin T, L Vn t, Trn Vinh Tnh. nh gi hiu qu lp t

thit b b trong mng cung cp in. Khoa hc & Cng ngh. No 22,
1999.

6.

L Vn t, Nguyn c Cng. Xy dng chng trnh tnh ton thit

lp biu vn hnh ti u cc nh my in trong h thng in.
K yu Hi ngh ng dng ton hc ton quc ln th 1. H Ni, 2000.

21