5-Transmission Technology Session (SDH)

S D H
CONCEPTS
Thursday, December 01, 2005 ALTTC/TX1/SDH/CONCEPTS 1
CONTENTS
SDH PROTECTION PLANNING SYNCHRONISATION
Thursday, December 01, 2005
ALTTC/TX1/SDH/CONCEPTS
SDH: DISCUSSION AREA

WHAT IS SDH ? EVOLUTION DRIVING FORCES LIMITATIONS OF PDH ADVANTAGES OF SDH SIGNAL HIERARCHY MULTIPLEXING STRUCTURE FRAME REPRESENTATION NETWORK ELEMENTS NETWORK TOPOLOGY, etc....
WHAT IS
SDH ?
SYNCHRONOUS : ONE MASTER CLOCK & ALL ELEMENTS SYNCHRONISE WITH IT. DIGITAL: INFORMATION IN BINARY. HIERARCHY: SET OF BIT RATES IN A HIERARCHIAL ORDER.
WHAT IS
S D H ? (CONTD)
SDH IS AN ITU-T STANDARD FOR A HIGH CAPACITY

TELECOM NETWORK.
SDH IS A SYNCHRONOUS DIGITAL TRANSPORT

SYSTEM, AIM TO PROVIDE A SIMPLE, ECONOMICAL AND FLEXIBLE TELECOM INFRASTRUCTURE.
SYNC STANDARDS -EVOLUTION

ATTEMPTS TO FORMULATE STANDARDS FOR TRANSMISSION OF SYNCHRONOUS SIGNALS BEGAN IN U.S. AT THE BEGINNING OF 1984, BY ANSI ACCREDITED T1X1 COMMITTEE. IN 1985 SONET STANDARD WAS BORN. IN 1986 CCITT BECAME INTERESTED IN SONET STANDARD.
SYNC STANDARDS -EVOLUTION

(CONTD)
CCITT PROPOSED CHANGES TO T1X1 COMMITTEE TO ACCOMMODATE BOTH AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN HIERARCHIES. FINAL AGREEMENT WAS REACHED IN 1988 AND CCITT WORKING GROUP-XVIII CAME OUT WITH RECOMMENDATIONS ON SDH.
DRIVING FORCES
NEW NEWENHANCED ENHANCEDSERVICES SERVICES NEEDING NEEDINGSYNCHRONIZATION SYNCHRONIZATION SOLUTION. SOLUTION. QoS QoS REQUIREMENT REQUIREMENT MULTI-OPERATOR MULTI-OPERATORENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT LIMITATION LIMITATIONOF OFTO-DAYS TO-DAYS NETWORK NETWORK ADVANTAGES ADVANTAGES OF OF SDH SDH
LIMITATIONS OF PDH
NON STANDARD EXPERIENCES:
-THREE DIFFERENT HIERARCHIES WITH DIFFERENT SIGNAL FORMATS AND LINE ENCODING METHODS.
BASIS OF TODAYS HIGH CAPACITY NETWORK

-ELABORATE ARRANGEMENT FOR DROPPING
NETWORK REQUIREMENT
-CHANGING REQUIREMENT
PDH HIERARCHIES
EUROPE (Mbps) 565 x4 140 x4 34 x4 8 x4 2 USA (Mbps) JAPAN (Mbps) 400 x4 100 x3 32 x5 6 x4 1.5
274 x6 45 x7 6 x4 1.5
10
LIMITATIONS OF PDH

NETWORK REQUIREMENT
11
BASIS OF TODAYS NETWORK

M U X M U X M U X
LINE
M U X M U X
DDF DDF
DDF DDF
M U X
DDF ELABORATE DROPPING ARRANGEMENT
DDF
12
LIMITATIONS OF PDH

NETWORK REQUIREMENT
13
CHANGING NETWORK REQUIREMENT

TODAYS NETWORK
POINT-TO-POINT TRANSMISSION SUPPORTED BY
CUSTOMERS NEED
TOMORROWS NETWORK
FASTER PROVISIONING TELECOMMUNICATION OF CIRCUITS AND NETWORKING SERVICES & SUPPORTED BY COMPUTER BASED INTEGRATED NETWORK MANAGEMENT MAINTENANCE
MANUAL APPROACH DEMANDS FOR TO NETWORK SOPHISTICATED MANAGEMENT AND TELECOM SERVICES MAINTENANCE.
14
SDH- ADVANTAGES
SIMPLIFICATION (ABILITY TO DIRECTLY DROP LOWER TRIB) CAN ACCOMMODATE BOTH EXISTING AND FUTURE SIGNALS IMPROVED SERVICE QUALITY (THROUGH SUPERVISION ) ADVANCED N/W MANAGEMENT AND MTCE CAPABILITIES. N/W SURVIVABILITY DYNAMIC N/W CAPACITY MANAGEMENT MULTI VENDOR NETWORKING (MID FIBRE MEET)
15
SDH ACCOMMODATES EXISTING SIGNALS

1
34M
140M
C4
3
8M
34M
C3
S D H M U X
2M
8M
63
64K 2M
C12
16
SIGNAL HIERARCHY
SONET vs SDH BIT RATES SONET
SYNCHRONOUS TRANSPORT SIGNAL STS-1 STS-3 STS-9 STS-12 STS-18 STS-24 STS--36 STS-48 STS-192 OPTICAL CARRIER OC-1 OC-3 OC-9 OC-12 OC-18 OC-24 OC-36 OC-48 OC-192 BIT RATE MBPS 51.84 155.52 466.56 622.08 933.12 1244.16 1866.24 2488.32 9953.28
SDH
SYNCHRONOUS TRANSPORT MODULE ---STM-1 ---STM-4 ------STM-16 STM-64
*BIT RATES FOR HIGHER ORDER IS N-TIMES THE LOWER ORDER
17
REDUCED MUX STRUCTURE

STM-N AUG AU-4 VC-4
TUG-3
C-4 140Mbps TU-3 VC-3 C-3 TUG-2 TU-1 VC-1 C-1 2Mbps 34Mbps
(REDUCED DIAGRAM FOR SDH-MULTIPLEXING)

The Container (C)

Basic packaging unit for tributary signals (PDH) Synchronous to the STM-1 Bitrate adaptation is done via a positive stuffing procedure Adaptation of synchronous tributaries by fixed stuffing bits Bit by bit stuffing
The Virtual Container (VC)

Formation of the Container by adding of a POH (Path Overhead) Transport as a unit through the network (SDH) A VC containing several VCs has also a pointer area
The Tributary Unit (TU)

Is formed via adding a pointer to the VC
The Tributary Unit Group (TUG)

Combines several TUs for a new VC
The Administrative Unit (AU)

Is shaped if a pointer is allocated to the VC formed at last
The Syncronous Transport Module Level 1 (STM1)

Formed by adding a Section Overhead (SOH) to AUs Clock justification through positive-zero-negative stuffing in the AU pointer area byte by byte stuffing
SDH FRAME REPRESENTATION

9 261
S O H
PAY LOAD
270 (MATRIX REPRESENTATION)

270 Columns (Bytes)

1 1 9 270
transmit row by row
RSOH
3 4 5 AU Pointer
Payload
(transport capacity)
MSOH
9
RSOH: Regenerator section overhead MSOH: Multiplex section overhead Payload: Area for information transport Transport capacity of one Byte: 64 kbit/s Frame capacity: 270 x 9 x 8 x 8000 = 155.520 Mbit/s Frame repetition time: 125 s Thursday, December 01, 2005 ALTTC/TX1/SDH/CONCEPTS 22
FRAME REPRESENTATION
1ST ROW 9 261 I 9 2ND ROW 9 I 261 3RD ROW 9 261 261 9TH ROW 9 I 261
S O H
PAY LOAD
I

I
23
270 Columns (Bytes)

1 1 9 270
transmit row by row
RSOH
3 4 5
AU Pointer
Payload
(transport capacity)
MSOH
9
RSOH: Regenerator section overhead MSOH: Multiplex section overhead Payload: Area for information transport
Transport capacity of one Byte: 64 kbit/s Frame capacity: 270 x 9 x 8 x 8000 = 155.520 Mbit/s Frame repetition time: 125 s
24
THE TRUCK
PAYLOAD
OVERHEAD
25
THE TRUCK
PAYLOAD
OVERHEAD
26
BIT RATE : STM-N

9 261
??
125
S O H
SEC O PAY N DS LOAD

MUX PRINCIPLE
Container-n( Container-n(n=1-4 n=1-4): ):A Acontainer containeris isthe theinformation informationstructure structure which whichforms formsthe thenetwork networksynchronous synchronousinformation informationpayload payloadfor for a avirtual virtualcontainer container
SIGNAL
CONTAINER
28
MUX PRINCIPLE: CONTAINERS(C-n)

SIG
SIGNAL
C-1
SIGNAL
C-3
C-4
29
MUX PRINCIPLE: VC-n

Virtual VirtualContainer-n(VC-n):It Container-n(VC-n):Itis isthe theinformation informationstructure structureused used to tosupport supportpath pathlayer layerconnections connectionsin inthe theSDH. SDH. Two Twotypes typesof ofVCs: VCs: Lower Lowerorder orderVC-n(n=1,2) VC-n(n=1,2) Higher Higherorder orderVc-n(n=3,4) Vc-n(n=3,4)
P O H
CONTAINER
30
MUX PRINCIPLE: TU-n/ AU

It Itis isan aninformation informationstructure structurewhich whichprovides providesadaptation adaptation between betweentwo two layers: layers: -Between -Betweenlower lowerand andhigher higherorder orderpath pathlayers layersfor forTU TU -Between -Betweenhigher higherorder orderpath pathlayer layerand andsection sectionlayer layerfor forAU AU
P T R
P O H
CONTAINER
POINTER POINTERis isan anindicator indicator whose whosevalue valuedefines definesthe theframe frameoffset offsetof ofaaVC VC with with respect respectto tothe theframe framereference referenceof ofthe thetransport transportentity entityon on which whichit itis issupported supported
MUX PRINCIPLE: STM-1(from C-4 )
S O H
P P T O R H
CONTAINER-4
32
MUX PRINCIPLE: STM-1(from C-3)
S O H
P P T O R H
TUG-3
TUG-3
TUG-3
P T R
P O H
CONTAINER-3
33
MUX PRINCIPLE: STM-1(from C-1)

S O H P T R P O H
TUG-3
TUG-3
TUG-3
TUG-2 TUG-2 TUG-2 TUG-2 TUG-2 TUG-2 TUG-2
TU-1
TU-1
TU-1
P T R
P O H
CONTAINER-1
34
BIT RATE : STM-N

NUMBER NUMBEROF OFROWS ROWS= =9 9 NUMBER NUMBEROF OFCOLUMNS COLUMNS= =9+261=270 9+261=270 NUMBER NUMBEROF OFBYTES BYTES= =9x270 9x270 NUMBER NUMBEROF OFBITS BITS= =9x270x8 9x270x8 NUMBER NUMBEROF OFBITS BITS//SECOND SECOND= =9x270x8x8000 9x270x8x8000 =155520000 =155520000 =155.520 =155.520Mbps Mbps(STM-1) (STM-1) BIT BIT RATE RATE OF OFSTM-N STM-N = =(Nx155.520) (Nx155.520)Mbps Mbps
RSOH
AU pointer
MSOH
VC-4
TUG-3
TUG-2 TU-12
VC-12
Tu pointer
36
SECTION OVERHEAD DETAILS

A1 B1 D1 B2 D4 D7 D10 S1 A1 A1 A2 E1 D2 K1 D5 D8 D11 M1 A2 A2 J0 F1 D3 K2 D6 D9 D12 E2
B2
B2
A FRAMING D DATACOM FOR NMS F USER CHANNEL K APS RESERVED FOR NATIONAL USE UNUSED RESERVED FOR FUTURE USE
B PARITY CHECK E ORDERWIRE M MS-REI MEDIA DEPEDENT
37
NETWORK ELEMENTS
SYNCHRONOUS MULTIPLEXER (MUX):
* MAPPING OF PDH SIGNALS INTO SDH. * MULTIPEXING OF LOWER -ORDER SDH SIGNALS INTO SDH
63 Nos. OF 2Mbps or 3 Nos.of 34Mbps or 1 Nos. of 140Mbps or combination of above
PDH
TM STM-n STM-m (m<n)
38
NETWORK ELEMENTS
ADD & DROP MULTIPLEXER (ADM):
* PERMITS ADD& DROP OF LOWER ORDER SIGNALS.
STM-n
ADM
STM-n
(m<n) STM-m PDH
39
NETWORK ELEMENTS
SYNCHRONOUS DIGITAL CROSS CONNECT (SDXC):
* PERMITS SWITCHING OF TRANSMISSION LINES WITH DIFFERENT BIT-RATES. * SDXC CAN ADD AND DROP LOWER-ORDER SIGNALS.
STM-n
STM-n
STM-n
STM-m/PDH
40
NETWORK ELEMENTS
SYNCHRONOUS REGENERATOR (REG):
* REGENERATES THE INCOMING LINE SIGNAL. * SUPERVISE THE TRANSMISSION QUALITY OF THE LINE
STM-n
REG
STM-n
41
NETWORK ELEMENTS
N NM MS S
GNE
SDH AIMS TO PROVIDE:

STANDARDISED , CENTRALISED O&M SYSTEM .
43
SDH MANAGEMENT

Performance Management Fault / Event Management Configuration Management Accounting Management Security Management
ALTTC/TX1/SDH/CONCEPTS 44
NETWORK TOPOLOGY
* POINT-TO-POINT:
TM
TM
* POINT-TO-MULTIPOINT:
TM
TM
ADM
45
NETWORK TOPOLOGY
* HUB-TOPOLOGY:
CO
TM ADM TM
TM
ADM
TM
(a) HUB WITH TM & ADM

TM DXC TM
TM
TM
(b) HUB WITH TM & DXC

NETWORK TOPOLOGY
* RING-TOPOLOGY:
ADM
ADM
ADM
ADM
47
SDH NETWORK STRUCTURE

SDH ISLAND PDH NETWORK SDH ISLAND
a) Mixed SDH-PDH network

STM -16 STM -4 STM -1 MAJOR TRUNKS REGIONAL LOCAL
b) Typical use of SDH rates.

49

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S D H

Thursday, December 01, 2005

SDH: DISCUSSION AREA

Thursday, December 01, 2005

SDH IS AN ITU-T STANDARD FOR A HIGH CAPACITY

SDH IS A SYNCHRONOUS DIGITAL TRANSPORT

Thursday, December 01, 2005

SYNC STANDARDS -EVOLUTION

Thursday, December 01, 2005

SYNC STANDARDS -EVOLUTION

Thursday, December 01, 2005

Thursday, December 01, 2005

BASIS OF TODAYS HIGH CAPACITY NETWORK

Thursday, December 01, 2005

Thursday, December 01, 2005

BASIS OF TODAYS HIGH CAPACITY NETWORK

Thursday, December 01, 2005

BASIS OF TODAYS NETWORK

DDF ELABORATE DROPPING ARRANGEMENT

Thursday, December 01, 2005

BASIS OF TODAYS HIGH CAPACITY NETWORK

Thursday, December 01, 2005

CHANGING NETWORK REQUIREMENT

Thursday, December 01, 2005

Thursday, December 01, 2005

SDH ACCOMMODATES EXISTING SIGNALS

Thursday, December 01, 2005

SYNCHRONOUS TRANSPORT MODULE ---STM-1 ---STM-4 ------STM-16 STM-64

*BIT RATES FOR HIGHER ORDER IS N-TIMES THE LOWER ORDER

Thursday, December 01, 2005

REDUCED MUX STRUCTURE

(REDUCED DIAGRAM FOR SDH-MULTIPLEXING)

The Container (C)

The Virtual Container (VC)

The Tributary Unit (TU)

The Tributary Unit Group (TUG)

The Administrative Unit (AU)

The Syncronous Transport Module Level 1 (STM1)

SDH FRAME REPRESENTATION

270 (MATRIX REPRESENTATION)

270 Columns (Bytes)

transmit row by row

270 (MATRIX REPRESENTATION)

270 Columns (Bytes)

transmit row by row

Thursday, December 01, 2005

Thursday, December 01, 2005

BIT RATE : STM-N

SEC O PAY N DS LOAD

270 (MATRIX REPRESENTATION)

Thursday, December 01, 2005

MUX PRINCIPLE: CONTAINERS(C-n)

Thursday, December 01, 2005

MUX PRINCIPLE: VC-n

Thursday, December 01, 2005

MUX PRINCIPLE: TU-n/ AU

MUX PRINCIPLE: STM-1(from C-4 )

Thursday, December 01, 2005

MUX PRINCIPLE: STM-1(from C-3)

MUX PRINCIPLE: STM-1(from C-1)

TUG-2 TUG-2 TUG-2 TUG-2 TUG-2 TUG-2 TUG-2

Thursday, December 01, 2005

BIT RATE : STM-N

Thursday, December 01, 2005