TUGAS PENGGOLONGAN OBAT-OBAT ANTI MIKROBA

Oleh : Amaliaturrahmah 06.55372.00315.09

Lab/SMF Ilmu Farmasi/Farmakoterapi Fakultas e!oktera" #"i$ersitas Mula%arma" Samari"!a 2010

KLASIFIKASI OBAT-OBAT ANTIINFEKSI

ANTIBIOTIK ANTIMIKROBA ANTIVIRAL I"hibitor )e"etrasi -ma"ta!i" e ' I"hibitor '' '' Si"tes ' a ' -sam '' '' 7ukleat ' -(5(lo$ir *a"(5(lo$i r ' -"ti '' '' 8etro$iral ' Lami$u!i"e 9i!o$u!i"e 7e$irapi"e I"!i"a$ir 7e$irapi"e )rotease i"hibitor Sa:ui"a$ir 8ito"a$ir 7eurami"i!ase I"hibitor 9a"ama$ir ANTIMICOBACTERIU Iso"ia3i! 8i1ampi(i" )ira3i"ami! ;thambutol Streptom5(i " ;tio"ami! -sam )araami"o Salisilat Sikloseri" a"amisi" ANTIMIKOSI S )ol5"ess' ' -mphoteri(i " 75stati" Imi!a3ole Mi(oo"a3ol e eto(o"a3ol e /lotrima3ol e 6ria3ole Flu(o"a3ole Itra(o"a3ole Flu(5tosi"e *riseo1ul$i" 6erbi"a1i"e ANTIPARASIT ANTIHELMINTI ANTIAMUBA K -lbe"!a3ole Metro"i!a3ole Mebe"!a3ole <ilo.a"i!e 6hiabe"!a3ole )5ra"tel )amoate )ra3i:ua"tel Le$amisole )ipera3i"e 7i(losami!e I$erme(ti" <ieth5l= (arbama3i"e 6etra(hloretile " ANTIMALARIA S(hi3o"tosi! <arah Slo%l5 -(ti"> )ro>ua"il )5rimethami" e S(hi3o"tosi! <ara h 8api!l5 -(ti"> /hloro:ui"e ?ui"i"e Me1lo:ui"e -to$a:uo"e S(hi3o"tosi! @ari">a" )rima:ui"e

PENGHAMBAT SINTESIS DINDING BAKTERI

' &eta '' '' La(tam ' )e"i(illi" )e"i(illi" * + , -mpi(illi" -mo.i(illi" /lo.a(illi" Methi(illi" )ipera(illi" /ephalospori"s *e"erasi I 0/e1a!ro.il2 /ephale.i"2 /epha3oli"2 /ephaloti"2 /ephapiri"4 *e"erasi II 0/e1uro.ime2 /e1a(lor2 /e1o.iti"4 *e"erasi III 0/e1ota.ime2 /e1tria.o"e2 /e1i.ime2 /e1opera3o"e2 /e1ta3i!ime4 *e"erasi I, 0/e1epime2 /e1pirome4 /arbape"em Merope"em Imipe"em Mo"oba(tam -3treo"am *li(opepti!e ,a"kom5(i" 6ei(opla"i"

PENGGANGGU KEUTUHAN MEMBRAN SEL

)olipepti!e )olim5.i" &a(itra(i"

PENGHAMBAT SINTESIS PROTEIN

-mi"o>l5(osi!e Nama Nama Streptom5(i" Golongan Generik *e"tam5(i" !agang 7eom5(i" -mika(i" &eta )e"i(illi" La(tam 6obram5(i" 0)e"i(ili"4 a"am5(i" 7etilm5(i" 6etra(5(li"e 6etra(5(li"e <o.5(5(li"e Mi"o(5(li"e Makroli!e ;r5throm5(i" Li"(om5(i" /larithrom5(i" -3ithrom5(i" &eta -mpi(illi" La(tam 0-mbiopi2 /hloramphe"i(ol 0)e"i(ili"4 -m(illi"4 Li"(om5(i"

Mekani"me ker# a

Si$a% an%i&ak%e ri

Me">hambat pemb e"tuka" mukopepti!a 5a"> !perluka" u"tuk si"tesis !i"!i"> sel mikroba

&akterisi!

Ben%'k "e(iaan In%erak"i o&a% E$ek Sam,ing O&a% )BSO* + (o O&a% )ESO* "i" PENGHAMBAT SINTESIS !IN!ING BAKTERI &ubuk $ial loram1e"ikol2 *a">>ua" *I6 1.000.000 #/$ial makroli!e2 !a" seperti mual2 0)e"i(illi" * tetrasikli" mu"tah2 !ire )ottasium42 me">i"hibisi si1at ri">a"2 sakit 5.000.000 #/$ial a"tibakteri kepala2 0)e"i(illi" * pe"i(illi"2 ka"!i!iasis oral So!ium42 Solusio me"i">katka" !a" $a>i"a2 rash2 i"Aeksi 600.000 ka!ar serum urtikaria #/ml 00)e"i(illi" * methotre.ate )ro(ai"e4 <osisB ber$ariasi ter>a"tu"> pemakaia" obat

Per-a%ian ,engg'naan

A!ME

Re$eren"i

Ciperse"siti12 >a">>ua" >i"Aal !a" hepar

-: baik !iabsorbsi !i *I 6 <: !i!istribusi luas ke seba>ia" besar Aari">a" !a" (aira" tubuh. Ikata" protei" D M: seba>ia" !i hepar ;: terutama melalui uri"e 6 E 127=322 Aam.

Mosb5Fs 20062 Farmakolo>i !a" terapi. F #I

<eri$at pe"i(illi" 5a"> me">i"hibisi si"tesis !i"!i"> sel pa!a PENGHAMBAT METABOLISME mikroor>a"isme SEL MIKROBA 5a"> se"siti1

&akterisi!

/otrimo.a3ole
PENGHAMBAT SINTESIS ASAM NUKLEAT

*e"erik: tablet 250 m> 0-mpi(ili"42 500 m> 0-m(ili"42 tablet 1ilm (oate! 500 m> 0-mbiopi42 kaplet 500 m> 0-mpi(ili"42 Sirup per 5 ml 125 m> 0-m(ili"42 ,ial 500 m>2 1 >r 0-m(ili"4 <osis: !e%asa 125=

loram1e"ikol2 makroli!e2 !a" tetrasikli" me">i"hibisi si1at a"tibakteri pe"i(illi"2 me"i">katka" ka!ar serum methotre.ate

)ali"> seri"> !iar e !a" rash2 urtikaria 2 "5eri pa!a tempat i"Aeksi i.m2 tromboplebitis pa!a pemberia" i$2 ka"!i!iasis ora l atau $a>i"a

Ciperse"siti1 pa!a >olo">a" pe"i(illi " 5a"> lai"2 >a">>ua" >i"Aal !a" hepar

-: baik !iabsorbsi !i *I 6 <: ikata" protei" 2G=3GD2 !i!istribusi luas M: seba>ia" !i hepar ;: !ieksresi melalui uri"e 6 E 1 Aam

MIMS 20072 Mosb5Fs. 20062 Farmakolo>i !a" terapi. F #I

?ui"olo" /ipro1lo.a(i" 7ali!i.i( -(i! 7or1lo.a(i"

3 >r tiap 6 Aam2 -"ak

7itroimi!a3ole Metro"i!a3ole 6i"i!a3ole

KLASIFIKASI OBAT-OBAT ANTIBAKTERI

-mi"o>l5 La(tam >e"erasi 0/ephalos I,4 (osi!e 7itroimi!a poris &eta 3ole >e"erasi La(tam II4 0)e"i(ili"4 Nama &eta Golongan la(tam 0/arbape" <eri$at em4 asam Iso"i(oti" at /hloramp he"i(ol 6etra(5(li -mi"o>l5 "e (osi!e ?ui"olo"e *li(opepti !e ?ui"olo"e <eri$at 8i1ampi(i " &eta La(tam 0/ephalos &eta poris La(tam >e"erasi 0/ephalos III4 poris >e"erasi I4 6etra(5(li "e )olipepti! <eri$at e 7ia(i"ami !e Ma(roli!e Sulpho"a mi!e= 6rimethop rim &eta La(tam 0/ephalos poris &eta

@ara(i"2 0/e1uro.2 Streptom5(i " al(e12 ;r5me!4 Metro"i!a3o 0Streptomi(i Sharo.2 l -mo.i(illi" " Sulphate4 9i"a(e14 e 0Fla>5l2 0-mobioti(2 -mo.il2 7i!a3ol -mo.a"4 6iama3ol2 Nama 6ri(ho!a3ol4 Merope"em Generik 0Mero"em4 !agang Iso"ia3i! 0I7C2 I"o.i"4 /hloramphe = "i(ol 6etra(5(li"e *e"tam5(i" 0(hlorame.2 0/eta(5(li"e 0*aram5(i"2 kemi(eti"e4 = *e"tamerk2 )2 Le$o1lo.a(i ,a"(om5i" *e"tamisi" /o"(om5(i" " 0,a"(om5(i sul1at 6I-4 2 0/ra$o.2 " /ipro1lo.a(i Super Le$o(i"2 6etra2 -bbott4 " 0&a:ui"or2 8i1ampi(i" 6etra2 Le.a4 /ra$it2 0Merima(2 Ika(5(li"e4 Lapi1lo.2 8ami(i"2 /e1ota.ime /ipro1lo.a(i 0/e1or2 " e5e !rop4 /la(e12 /e1a!ro.il 85(e14 0-"(e1a2 &io!ro.il2 /e1at2 <uri(e12 el1e.4 <o.5(5(li"e 0I"ter!o.i"2 <o.i(or4 )ol5m5.i" )ira3i"ami! 0/e"!o 0/orsa3i"am M5(i"e2 i ;r5throm5(i /otrimo.a3 /e"!o !2 Sirami!2 " o Statrol2 kombi"asi 0/orsatro(i" le 0&a(trim2 /e"!o C98F 2 ;rphatrim2 Litrol2 8imstar4 /e1epime ;rithrom5(i ikaprim2 /e"!o 0Ma.ipime4 " )rima!e.2 M5(eti"e2 ;;S 5002 Sa"prima2 Otoli"2 ;r5sa"be2 /e1uro.ime Septrim4 Otopai"4

-mi"o>likosi!a >e"erasi bakteri !a" II 5a"> berikata" me">i"hibisi 5a"> berikata" !e">a" <eri$at membra" si"tesis se(ara la">su"> !i"!i"> sel <eri$at "itroimi!a3ole pe"i(illi" bakteri sel pa!a subu"it !a" 5a"> merusak me">i"hibisi ribosom 30S !a" <7bakteri si"tesis me"5ebabka" !i"!i"> proto3oa2 Mekani"me ker# sel ke>a>ala" me">hambat a ra">kaia" pepti!e si"tesis asam pembe"tuk ra"tai "ukleat Me">i"hibisi protei" si"tesis asam mikolat !a" me"5ebabka" !isrupsi !i"!i"> <eri$at sel bakteri !a" !ihi!toklora(eti( hila">"5a a(i! 6etra(5(li"e 5a"> *olo">a" 1ast properties me">i"hibisi ami"o>likosi!a pa!a mikobakteri si"tesis protei" 5a"> se(ara 2 bakteri !e">a" Flouro:ui"olo" *likopepti!a ire$ersibel akti1 ha"5a pa1!a berikata" pa!a 5a"> trisiklik 5a"> !i"!i"> sel ribosom reseptor me">i"hibisi berikata" pa!a protei" ribosom Flouro:ui"olo" bakteri ribosomal e"3im <7!i"!i"> selbakteri bakteri 5a"> Mempe">aruhi >5rase bakteri2pa!a merubah me">i"hibisi si"tesis 87bakteri2 permeabilitas e"3im <7bakteri !e">a" mempe">ruhi /ephalospori" membra"e !a" >5rase pa!a berikata" pa!a replikasi sel >e"erasisi"tesis II 5a"> i"hibisi bakteri2 <7-=polimerase bakteri berikata" !e">a" 87/ephalospori" mempe">ruhi 87!epe"!e"2 membra" sel >e"erasi Isel 5a"> replikasi 5a"> me"(e>ah !a" berikata" !e">a" bakteri perlekata""5a ke me">i"hibisi membra" sel <7!a" si"tesis !i"!i"> bakteri !a" memblok sel me">i"hibisi 6etra(5(li"e tra"skripsi 87si"tesis !i"!i"> me">i"hibisi sel si"tesis protei" bakteri !e">a" Merubah Me">ubah asam berikata" pa!a permeabilitas pira3i"ami! 5a"> ribosom membara" sel berasal !ari Makroli! 5a"> -"ta>o"is mikroor>a"isme M5(obaterium berikata" sul1o"ami!e !a" tuber(ulosa re$ersible 1olat2 5a">pa!a ribosom bakteri22 memblok si"tesis me">hambat /ephalospori" asam "ukleat si"tesa protei" >e"erasi I, 5a"> ese"sial bakteri bakteri berikata" !e">a" membra" sel /ephalospori"

&akteri(i! &akterisi!2 &akterisi! -"tiproto3oa2 -mubisi!al2 6rikomo"asi!al 2 Si$a% an%i&ak%e &akterisi! a"tii"1lamasi ri !a" imu"osupresi1 &akterisi! bila !iberika" topikal

&akteri(i! &akteriostatik &akiteri(i! &akteri(i! &akterisi! &akterisi! &akterisi! &akterisi!

&akteriostatik

&akterisi! &akterisi! &akteriostatik &aktei(i!

&akterisi!

&akterisi!

sembuh m>/k>/hari 0Sharo.42 1=2 per ,ial 2=H be42 0;rphatrim42 ri">a"=se!a">2 ml >r m>/k>/hari 1>r aplet 2./hari 10.000 +5 !iba>i salut apsul Sirup >r # !a" loop !iuretik kloram1e"ikol -mpotheri(i" (arbama3epi" metro"i!a3ole &2 perut2 Aara"> sakit urtikaria2 Cipeerte"si2 !iba>i 1ilm selama 0Otoli"42 0Streptomi(i" !osis selaput per !iare 5(oate! per ml terbba>i H 7 500 !osis 2H0 per oral hari2-"ak 250 m> 5 m> tiap ml m> me"i">katka" me">i"hibisi /ephalospori"2 eta"ol me"5ebabka" me">ura"> me"imbulka" ka"!i!iasis kepala2 !emam2 oral 6ablet 250 m> Me"i">katka" -"oreksia2 mual2 2 J2 50.000 Sulphate42 12=2H 0/orsatro(i"42 0)rima!e.2 !e%asa bula" Aam2 # 500 !a" 0Otopai"4 m> lebi tia e1ek (e1ota.ime2 siklospori"2 i reaksi "e1rotoksik2 !isul1iram oral rash2pruritus2 atau parestesia2 $a>i"a rash2 6ablet 06isma3ol42 250 m>2 500 500 m> le$el loram1e"ikol2 )ali"> mulut keri">2 seri"> !iar rasa 500 m> 0 200 al(e142 ko"se"trasi tua maksimal Sa"prima42 p apsul 50 m>/12 250 Susp m> Aam. a"ta(i!2 a"tikoa>ula" 7S-I<2 C2!a" urtikaria2 "ausea2 $omiti">2 e m> 0-mo.i(ili"42 makroli!e2 07i!a3ol42 6ablet /arbama3epi"e2 lo>am2 i"tra <osis <osis: I, IM !e%asa !e%asa Maks m>/hari 0/ethathro(i"42 !e%asa 12 HG0 I, >r/!osis m> + bloker2 me"5ebabka" Meto.51lura"e omepra3ol ka"!i!iasis a"emia2 arthral>ia oral ,ial 12 Aam2 750 I, m> !e%asa eritromisi" !a" rash2 urtikaria apsul 250 m>2 50 tetrasikli" salut selaput 500 Me"i">katka" $a>i"al: ser$i(itis2 2 2 0 15.000=25.000 15 i"isial Sirup Susp H00 al(e142 m>/k>/hari2 m> pae! keri"> 200 tiap 1 per m> >r 12 per 5Aam ml 5 hpoprotrombi"em me"i">katka" atau $a>i"a me">i"hibisi si1at 0 Ben%'k m> 06ri(ho!a3ol24 le$el 1e"itoi"2 $a>i"itis2 kram Se(iaa In%erak"i o&a% E$ek Sam,ing 2 la"sopra3ole tremor2 kelemaha 0/e1uro.42 #/k>/hari maksimal !alam ml 2H0 m> 1=2 m> 0Septrim4 !iba>i 1 i"1us2 >r/hari2 2 e1ek "e1rotoksik2 m> 200 0-mo.a"42 a"tibakteri "5eri pa!a tempat ,ial I"1us 500 025D m>2 100 1 >r ml )robe"e3i! !isul1iram <5spepsia2 perut2 "5eri uterus n O&a% )ESO* -"ak per oral H0 me">ura">i " !osis2 Ora">tua lalu 0/orsatro(i"42 100=200 I"1a"t 10 H0.000 m>/ /arboplati"2 i"Aeksi i.m2 Sirup 5 ml 125 pe"i(illi"2 -sa 0Mero"em4 0Metro"i!a3ole42 me"i">katka" me"5ebabka" 1latule"2 !iare O&a% )BSO* + !o <osis <osis: per i"1eksi oral m>/k>/hari absorbs #/k>/hari2 k>/hari2 m>/hari <rops 100 maksimal !iba>i IM m>/225 1=2 m tromboplebitis m>2 250 m> me"i">katka" suspe"si 125 m>/5 elimi"asi toksisitas 0hal1li1e SS)2 I, sakit kepala2 6ablet 300 m>2 H00 Me"i">katka" Mual2 mu"tah2 <osis: I, !e%asa2 maksimal 2 >r/hari2 (e1uro.ime asetil !e%asa 750 !osis2 ri">a"=se!a">: 0;rithro(5"42 m>/hari2 -"ak 125=500 25.000= -"ak per m ;tha(ri"at pa!a pemberia" 0-mobioti(42 <r5 ka!ar serum ml 0Fla>5l42 4 1e"itoi"2 lumi"al2 pusi">2 rash kulit2 m>2 <osis: !e%asa ko"se"trasi !iare2 "5eri perut2 30.000 20=H0 !osis"5a oral/I, I, rim 30 20 m>/k>/hari2 m>/k>/hari #/k>/hari m>/1 sama >r >r > me"i">katka" i$2 ka"!i!iasis ora sirup 125 m>2 250 methotre.ate Suppositoria 025 !ia3epam2 ka"!i!iasis oral a"ak J50 k>2 500 5 m>/k>/hari asetami"o1e"2 maksimal !e">a" 0@era(i"42 !e%asa2ora"> !iba>i H=6 3 !osis2 1 !osis2 >r/hari tua2 e1ek ototoksik2 2oral a"ak l $a>i"a m> 0-mo.a"42 0Fla>5l4 (otrimo.a3ole !a" m>=1 >r 3./hari2 seba>ai !ia3epam2 maksimal 122 3 i"1a"t 2D a"ak bula"=12 20 J2 H0.000 >!osis bula" tahu" 6M pe"i(illi" <rops 100 m>/ml atau $a>i"a me"5ebabka" -"ak J3 bula"=12 tu">>al2 -"ak: 10= 1e"itoi"2 teo1ili"2 <osis: i"1eksi kulit2 >r/hari2 125 #/k>/hari r ) 0;r5me!4 m> 0tablet4 tia spe(trum luas 0-mo.a"4 reaksi seperti tahu" apsul 10=20 250 m> m>/k>/ /e1ta3i!ime2 Mual2 mu"tah2 15 m>/k>/hari asam $alproat2 p o"Au"(ti$itis 6=12 m>/k>.hari me">i"akti1asi SS)2 traktus !isul1iram !osis 0/hloramphe"i(ol2 tiapPENGHAMBAT G Aam2 I3 8i1ampi" !iare2 reaksi SINTESIS PROTEIN seba>ai !osis (arbama3epi"2 <osis: per oral !e%asa 1=2 tetes 12 !iba>i Aam 2 atau !osis2 20 ami"o>likosi!a bula" respirasi 20 ba%ah2 m>/k>/ kemi(eti"e4 apsul 250 m> -"tasi!2 me">i"hibisi &ismuth2 )usi">2 hiperse"siti$itas2 sakit!a" ,ial 20 m>/2ml2G0 )e"i(illi" 75eri hebat tu">>al. Maksmal ko"se"trasi !e%asa tiap 2 Aam 250 selama m> m>/k>/hari I"1eksi berat pertia2 <e%asa: per oral !osis tula">2 2=3./hari. se"!i2 0/eta(5(li"e=)2 500 m> kati$itas alsium2 kepala2 pa!a !iare2 m>/2ml me">i"akti1asi iritasimata pa!a tempa 300 m>/hari plasma !ituru"ka p 0suspe"se4 oral/I, hari2 lalu 15=20 2 !iba>i tetes 250=500 Maks i"traab!ome"2 2500 >r/!osis m> tiap G2 6etra42 0(hlorame.42 m> Sirup maka"a"2 a"tibakteri2 besi2 "ausea2 pa"!a">a" $omiti">2 kabur2 0*aram5(i"2 >e"tami(i" pa!a t " 6 Aam atau 500 m> tiap H Aam u"tuk 5 m>/k>/hari !iba>i !osis. I,/IM Aam2atau tablet 500 >i"ekolo>i2 0/o"m5(i"2 per 5 ml 125 6etra42 m> ma>"esium2 me">hambat kram Aara"> perut2 6ablet 1ilm (oate! -lumi"ium2 Mual2 !iare2 ,ial 500 m> -mi"o>likosi!a mu"tah2 *e"tami(i"42 pasie" >a>al i"Aeksi IM2 oleh a"ta(i!2 tiap 12 Aam <e%asa 3=H !osis 750atau m>= = apsul e"!okar!itis2 0(hlorame.2 lu"ak 250 so!ium a"tibakteri2 1otose"siti1. me"imbulka" ulit >ra 250 m>0/ra$o.42 a"ta(i!2 (imeti!i" !5spepsia2 0,a"(om5(i" me"ambah a"oreksia2 !emam PENGHAMBAT SINTESIS ASAM NUKLEAT -mpul 60 >i"Aal2 7S-I< phlebitis2 kortikosteroi! 333 m> tiap G Aam2 125 G75 0Super septi(emia m> kemi(eti"e42 6etra42 $ial 1 bikarbo"at2 sul1o"5lurea 9i"k keri"> 5 !a" se"sasi 500 0Le$o(i"2 2 mu"tah2 -bbott4 "e1rotoksisitas2 2 m>/125ml me">ura">i re"al tromm$boplebitis 6ablet 250 m>2 500 -lumi"ium2 Mual2 !iare2 maksimal H >r/hari2 >r tiap G Aam2 -"ak 2./hari2a"ak berat peroral/I, !e%asa2 Oi"tme"t 0(hlorame.2 3D me">ura">i me"i">katka" terbakar bab5 s5"!rome pa!a Le$o1lo.a(i"42 1amoti!i"2 ko"stipasi2 I"!ometha(i" sakit pe">>u"aa" kepala2 0*aram5(i"42 G0 (leara"(e pa!a m> 0/ipro1lo.a(i"2 a"ta(i!2 kalsium2 !5spepsia2 aplet 150 m>2 30 -setami"o1e" #ri"2 1eses2 sali$a <osis : <e%asa 50 -"ak 30=50 75=100 m>/k>/hari ba!a" I20 k> ora">tua2 a"ak 30 0Ika(5(li"e4 kemi(eti"e4 ko"se"trasi e1ek hipo>likemia pemakaia" topikal kaplet 1ilm (oate! 1latule"2 "5eri la"sopra3ol2 me"ambah "e1rotoksik2 m>/2ml tablet 20= >e"tami(i"2 I,2 !emam2 /ra$it42 1ilm besi2 ma>"esium2 mu"tah2 0 2 me"i">katka" !alam !iba>i 3 !osis2 H0 m>/k>/hari !iba>i tetrasikli"2 500 m>0Le.a4 kalsium2 besi2 perut2 sakit kepal2 ko"se"trasi pa!a ototoksik2 0*e"tamerk42 (rea H /ephalosphori" (oate! 250 m> so!ium urtikaria2 ko"stipasi2 m>2 H50 m>2 600H kulit2 sputum2 hepatotoksik2 <osis: per I, !e%asa oral 0 !osis terba>i maksimal G >r/hari2 m>/k>/hari !iba>i !osis2 maksimal me">ura">i ma>"esium2 rash2 pa"as !i ,ial 500 m> -mi"o>likosi!a <iarerasa ri">a"2 kra "eo"atus2 "eutrope"ia m me"i">katka" "e1rotoksik2 0&a:ui"or42 kapsul bikarbo"at2 1latule"2 "5eri m>2 kaplet 1ilm keri">at2 air mata ko"se"trasi <osis: bro"(hitis sampai 60=100 2=36rikomo"iasis2 !osis. -"ak I3 >r. 50=100 m>/k>/hari ko"se"trasi !e%asa 250=500 m su(ral1at2 3i"k m mata 0/la(e142 >r atau !a" loop !iuretik methotre.ate m> tiap 61Aam 021D 0&e"boso" "e1rotoksisitas ototoksik 500 m> perut2 sakit kepal2 (oate! H50 m>2 600 ber%ar"a merah plasma !ituru"ka m>/k>/hari u"tuk bula"2 "eo"atus 20= per !e%asa 25 > !iba>i !e%asa tiap per 6 oral/I, Aam2 !i>o.i" me">ura">i akibat perut2 Aara"> 0/e1or2 85(e14 me"i">katka" 1 >roral tiap 12m> Aam2 berkura"> 6ablet 500 -mi"o>likosi!a <iarerasa ri">a"2 kra *42 oi"tme"t 0/ipro1lo.a(i"42 rash2 pa"as !i m> (oklat atau mrah " i"1eksi berat2 0 maksimal 500 m> tiap Hm>2 >r/hari2 2H Aam berkura">"5a absorbsi me"imbulka" tiap 6=12 Aam2 a"ak e1ek "e1rotoksik2 -"ak J1 bula" H0 ko"se"trasi"5a m 0-"(e1a42 apsul !a" loop !iuretik 021D/5 >r kaplet 250 500 mata <osis: !e%asa 10 Ai">>a2 reaksi oleh a"ta(i!2 <osis: I,/IM "eo"atus 20=H0 m> tiap Gbula" Aam atau -"ak selama J1 7 hari2 50= 1lora *I62 kloram1e"ikol (ipro1lo.a(i"B rash2pruritus2 G tahu" atau lebih perut2 Aara"> 250 m>/k>/hari m>2500 !iba>i m> me"i">katka" 0*e"tamisi" sul1at 0Lapi1lo.4kaple m>/k>/hari2 hiperse"siti12 kortikosteroi! m>/k>/hari !iba>i 2 >r seba>ai !osis 75 p"eumo"ia2 m>/k>/hari i"1eksi me">ura">i !ia3epam2 urtikaria2 !e%asa 25=50 m>/k>/hari 1 >r 2./hari me">i"hibisi 0/e1a!ro.il42 <r5 e1ek "e1rotoksik me"imbulka" 3=H !osis2 maksima 6I-42 e5e + ear t maksimal 600 m>2 !iarem2 !5spepsia tiap 6=12 Aam. I, tu">>al2 a"ak 15= !iba>i kulit !e%asa tiap 6 per Aam2 e1ikasi 1e"itoi"2 pe"isili" ka"!i!iasis oral 2 H !osis2 (e1ota.ime2 oral rash2pruritus2 sirup(oate! 125 m>2 250 l !rop 023D/5ml 1ilm 500 m> -"ak: 10=20 2 !e%asa2 a"ak 15=20 30 maksimal oral/I, 500 H A>r2 m> tia propa"olol2 atau $a>i"a bila i"1eksi ri">a"= a"tikoa>ula" urtikaria2 m> 0/e1at42 apsul 3=H apsul >r/hari2 50 m> -"tasi!2 -"oreksia2 mual2 0*aram5(i"4I"1us 0&a:ui"or42 m>/k>/hari !alam 1 mual !alam m>/k>/hari !iba>i 3 >a">>ua" p o1talmik theobromi"2 se!a">1=2 >r tiap G me"5ebabka" ka"!i!iasis oral tablet "eo"atus 1 >r I"isial 15 0I"ter!o.i"42 100 barbiturate2 mu"tah2 !iare2 200 m>/100 ml atau 2 !osis <osis I,2IM !osis terba>i2 !osis2 -mubiasis !e%asa2 2H Aam 7=1H usia hari2 tua2 theo1ili"2 %ar1ari" Aam2 bila i"1eksi hipoprotrombi"e atau $a>i"a 0<uri(e142 aplet m> 0<o.i(or4 bismuth2 kalsium2 !is1a>ia2 0&a:ui"or42 e5e PENGGANGGU KEUTUHAN MEMBRAN SEL maksimal H >r/hari per !e%asa a"ak 1=2 tetes H=6 i"1eksi !ihambat berat 2 traktus >r 3= m ma>"esium2 1ilmoral (oate! 500 m> besi2 1otose"siti12 Aara" !e%asa 3=6 !rop per 5 ml 023D ,ial 500.000 -"astetik2 mAus(l 75eri hebat !a" 6ablet 500 m>2 Me"uru"ka" -thral>ia2 mial>ia <osis: per oral 500=750 m> tiap G3 kali >e"itouri"aria sehari metabolisme"5a ia H./hari. 0 el1e.4 1e"itoi"2 3i"k2 > m>/k>/hari !iba>i 0/ipro1lo.a(i" e5e e #/$ial2 ;5e !rop iritasi pa!a tempa 2 aplet 500 m>. ko"se"trasi Aam2 -"ak 35=50 !e%asa per oral/I, -"ak berat ba!a" i"isial ko"trasepsi oral rash !a" urtikaria PENGHAMBAT SEL MIKROBA !osis atau H=626 !rops4 per ml 5000 # 100 METABOLISME rela.a" !apat t hiperse"siti12 aplet salut selaput (5(lospori" !a" <osis <e%ssa 1=2 m>/k>/hari !iba>i 3 250 m> tiap2H Aam J50k> 1=2 3= m> tiap 12 >r Aam2 me">ura">i salut selaput -mpre"a$ir i"!i" ram perut2 m>/k> sekali sehari 6ablet !e%asa HG0 Me"ambah -"oreksia2 me"i">katka" 0/e"!o M5(i"e42 i"Aeksi IM2 mual2 1otose"siti12 500m>2 ta(rolimus <osis: H./hari2 10 hari2 1 ombi"asi: bula"=12 >r/hari !osis kemu!ia" 100 ko"se"trasi a serum 250 m> trombo1lebitis2 2 m> 0&a(trim42 ko"se"traasi mu"tah2 relaksasi otot 6000 #i"1eksi 0/e"!o phlebitis2rash tab 1502 H00ba!a" m> hepatotoksisitas2 ko"Au"(ti$itis tahu"2 berat tu">>al atau !alam m>/hari !osis !oksisikli"2 ir2 me"i">katka" 0/orsatro(i"42 kulit keri">7=1H -"ak 5=12 tahu" 2= trakrus uri"arius tablet 1orte 960 m> <apso"e2 1e"itoi"2 0umum"5a skeletal Litrol4216.250 # tromm$boplebitis "ausea2 $omit2 bakteri <e%asa2 I50 k> 100=200 2 !osis. -"ak 30 tu">>al atau 50 m> me">ura">i ko"se"trasi 6ablet selaput ;;S urtikaria 225 m>/k>/!osis !e%asa peroral 250 0Ikaprim42 tablet metotre.ate2 hari setelah terapi 0/e"!o!e%asa Statrol4 pa!a pe">>u"aa" <osis: a"oreksia uisa tua2 a"ak J5 m>/k>/hari !iba>i 2 tiap 12 Aam u"tuk e1ikasi pe"isili" 500 m> 0;rithro(5" plasma 0topi(al42ka!a">= ,ial 500 m>2 1 >r -mi"o>likosi!a <iare ri">a"2 m> tiap G Aam2 12 a"ak Aam2 I, I5 pae!120 m> memim>katka" !imulai42 urtikaria Statrol2 e5e I,2 !emam2 kra 15=30 m>/k>/hari tahu" 1=2 tetes tiap !osis. Maksimal 2 i"1eksi berat2 -"ak eritromi(i"2 ;;S 50042 6ablet m ka!a"> mual2 0Ma.ipime4 !a" loop !iuretik 225 200 m> tiap 12 Aam 0/otrimo.a3ole42 pote"si obat 2 oi"tme"t per >ram urtikaria2 -"ak: 30 me"it=2 Aam har >r/hari umur G2H=H0 tahu" atau me"i">katka" ku"5ah 200 m> perut2 "5eri mu"tah Aara"> m>/k>/!osis tiap G 2 aplet HG0 m> !a" hipo>likemia2 !iare2 5000 # 0/e"!o "e1rotoksik m>/k>/hari <osis: I, !e%asa i lebih berat JH5 k> ko"se"trasi 0;r5sa" me"imbulka" e1ek "e1rotoksik2 Aam2 "eo"atus i"1eksi traktus 6ablet 500 m> -mi"o>likosi!a <iare ri">a"2 kra 960 m> !isul1iram !a" ab!ome" M5(eti"e42 ;ar225= !ro 1=32 1=2 tetes tiap 1 plasma 325 m>/k>/!osis respiratorius2

*a>al >i"Aal pe"i(illii"22 pe"5akit *I6!a" Camil terutama hati2 #sia !a" (olitis2 la"Aut2 laktasi ehamila" Camil "utrisi !a" oral Ciperse"siti1 trimester 2 laktasi !a" pa!a 32 pare"teral 5a"> >olo">a" pe"i(illi laktasi2 a"ak2 buruk2 ehamila"2 " p"5akit SS)2 laktasi 5a">Per-a%ian ko"sumsi lai"2 >a">>ua" >i"Aal Ciperse"siti1 mi"uma" ,engg'naan !a" hepar terha!ap beralkohol2 >olo">a" beta laktam >a">>ua" hepar lai" *a">>ua" 1u">si hepar atau >i"Aal2 me"!apat pe">obata" hepatotoksik lai" ehamila"2 laktasi <is1u">si !a" *a">>ua" hati >i"Aal >i"Aal2 m5asthe"ia usia tua2 kehamila >ra$is2 laktasi2 " si1ilis #sia tua2 >a">>ua *a">>ua" >i"Aal2 !a" laktasi " kehamila"2 laktasi2 >i"Aal2 epileps52 >a">>ua" #sia tua2 >a">>ua >a">>ua" SS)2 pe"!e">ara" " I"1a"t premature2 !ehi!rasi2 >i"Aal2 epileps52 >a">>ua" hepar2 1otose"siti12 >a">>ua" SS)2 mal"utrisi2 kehamila" !a" Ciperse"siti1 alkoholik2 laktasi pe"i(illi"2 kehamila"2 laktasi >a">>ua" >i"Aal *a>al >i"Aal2 berat2 ri%Kt superi"1eksi2 pe"5akit *I6 hiperse"siti1 terutama (olitis2 pe"i(illi"2 reaksi Camil laktasi aler>i2 !a" kehamila" !a" laktasi laktasi ehamila"2 2 a"ak IG tahu"2 kerusaka" hati22 )e"5akit >i"Aal2 *a">>ua" 1u">si me"!apat pe">>u"a obat hepar2 >out2 hepatotoksik "e1rtoksik lai"2 !iabetes 1u">si *a">>ua" <e1isie"si asam Camil hepar2!e1isie"si kerusaka" 1olat2 1u">si *6)<2>i"Aal2 mal"utrisi2 m5asthe"ia >ra$is2 usia tua2 >a">>ua" kehamila" !a" Ciperse"siti1 1u">si >i"Aal2 laktasi pe"i(illi"2 ehamila" !a" >a">>ua" >i"Aal laktasi berat2 ri%Kt Ciperse"siti1

6E !i)rotei" (epat luas2 M: !ari Cepar *I6 < :elimi"asi bi"!i"> ;: sul1ametho.a3ole protei" 20D -: !iabsorbsi bi"!i"> M: utama 6=12 Aam2 !i 33=50D. 1eses -: baik baik !i *I62 <i!istribusi ;: melalui trimethoprim melalui empe!u uri"e luas G= !i *I !iabsorbsi M: 6 10Aam E 12H=2 2=223 Aam mi"imal pa!a ;: uri"e <: melalui pemakaia" ikata" protei" A!ME 6 E 123 Aam 20D -: topi(al M: ikata" seba>ia" !i <: !i!istibusi protei" hepartermasuk luas2 I20D2 -: baik ;: !ieksresi luas /SF !i!istribusi !iabsorbsi !i *I melalui uri"e M: mele%ati &&& 6 6E ;: M: melalui !i 1=123 hepar Aam >i"Aal <: !i!istribusi 6 E 1 Aam me"Aa!i metaboli luas ke seba>ia" t besar Aari">a" akti1 termasuk /SF2 ;: le%a -: terutama !iabsorbsi absorbsi (epat Ikata" protei" 10 t (epat !i *I6 !a" sempur"a = <: uri"e2 ikata" seba>ai" protei" setalah i"Aeksi I! 15D 30=60D2 i -: - :!iabsorbsi se!ikit M M: seba>ia" !i !i!istribusi 1eses luas baik per oral !iabsorbsi !i *I <: protei" hepar 6 E G Aam maupu" I, bi"!i"> I30D2 -: !iabsorbsi ;: terutama ;: elimi"asi !i <: ikata" prtei" ter!istribusi !i!istribusi luas baik !i *I6 -: baik 1eses melalui 2H=HGD2 luas2 protei" ti!ak 0maka"a" !iabsorbsi !i *I sistem pe"etrasi se(ara bi"!i"> 55D &&& bilier2 memperlambat 6 ekskresi melalui (epat leukosit2 -: !i ke hepar M: absorbsi4 <: ikata" uri"e sel epitel2 protei" !i!istribusi terutama ;: melalui uri"e <: ikata" prtei" G0D2 !i!istribusi 6 makro1a>2 6=11 Aam luas2 termasuk melalui 1eses -:E baik 20=H0D2 luas ko"se"trasi paru /SF. )rotei" 6 E H=11 Aam !iabsorbsi !i *I !i!istribusi luas M: !i hepar 2=5 bi"!i"> 30=50D 6 . leebih termasuk /SF me"Aa!i metaboli ti"hhi sari M:!imetabolisme <: protei" M: !i hepar t plasma2 !i hati me"Aa!i bi"!i"> 15=20D2 me"Aa!i metaboli akti1 M: metabolit akti1 !istribusi luas t ;: !ielimi"asi ;: M:melalui uri"e akti1 melalui s5stem 6 G 1 Aam ;:E melalui uri"e bilier 122=125 6 H=6 AamAam -:E sulit -: !iserap !iabsorbsi !isalura" (er"a. <: protei" a!ar pu"(ak -: !iabsorbsi bi"!i"> re"!ah ter(apai setelah ber$ariasi baik M: !a" (epat M 2 Aam ter>a"tu"> !osis !ari *I6 uri"e ;: melalui <: ter!istribusi 5a"> !i>u"aka" <: ikata" protei" keikata" seluruh <: protei" -: !iabsorbsi H5=6D2 Aari">a" 70=90D2 baik setelahluas2 !i!istribusi M: !i!istribusika" !ii"Aeksi IM M: !i hepar !imetabolisme luas <: !i!istribusi - :melaluui !iabsobsi ;: uri"e

MIMS Mosb5Fs. F #I 20072 20062 2 Mosb5Fs 20062 MIMS 20072 Farmakolo>i MIMS 20072 Mosb5Fs 20062 !a" terapi. Mosb5Fs. 20062 Farmakolo>i F #I Farmakolo>i !a" terapi. !a"#I terapi. F Re$eren"i F #I 2007 MIMS MIMS 20072 Mosb5Fs 20062 Farmakolo>i !a" terapi. F #I MIMS 20072 Mosb5Fs 20062 MIMS 20072 Farmakolo>i Mosb5Fs !a" terapi. 20062 Farmakolo>i F #I !a" terapi. MIMS 20072 F #I 20062 Mosb5Fs Mosb5Fs. 20062 Farmakolo>i MIMS 20072 !a" terapi. Mosb5Fs 20062 MIMS F #I 20072 Farmakolo>i Mosb5Fs. 20062 !a" terapi. Farmakolo>i MIMS F #I 20072 !a" terapi. Mosb5Fs. 20062 F #I Farmakolo>i MIMS 20072 !a" terapi. Mosb5Fs. 20062 F #I Farmakolo>i !a" terapi. F #I MIMS 20072 Mosb5Fs 20062 Farmakolo>i !a" terapi. MIMS 20072 at3u"> *. F #I & Mosb5Fs. 2006 2001. &asi( + /li"i(al MIMS 20072 )harma(olo>5 Mosb5Fs 20062 Mosb5 2006 Farmakolo>i !a" terapi. MIMS F #I 20072 Mosb5Fs. 20062 Farmakolo>i !a" terapi. MIMS 20072

KLASIFIKASI OBAT-OBAT ANTIMICOBAKTERIUM

Nama Golongan <eri$at <eri$at &e"3imi!a !iisoproph 3ole 5l= eth5le"e !iami!e

Nama Generik !agang Mebe"!a3ol ;thambutol e 0&arbutol4 0*a$o.2 ,ermo.4

Mekani"me ker# a Me"!e>ra!asi Me">hambat sitoplasma si"tesis 87mikrotubulus kuma" 5a"> parasit2 se(ara se!a"> membela irre$ersible h memblok sekresi !a" me">hambat koli"esterase2 terbe"tuk"5a ambila" >lukosa asam mekolat p! (a(i"> !a"sel pa!a !i"!i"> lar$a

In(ika"i

6ri(huriasis2 &akteriostatik as(ariasis2 hook %orm ;"terobiasis

Ben%'k Se(iaa n O&a% )BSO* + !o 6ablet250 500m>2 m>2500 6ablet Sirup 500 m>/10 m>2 6ablet salut m l selaput 500 m> ombi"asi : <osis: 6ri(huriasis2 6ab 2002 2502 H002 as(ariasis2 hook + %orm 500 m> <e%asa2 ora"> tua2 a"ak J2 tahu" 15N 1 <osis: <e%asa tablet pa>i hari !a" 25 m>/k>/hari2 -"ak sebelum ti!ur : selama 3 hari 15 N 20 m>/k>/hari ;"terobiasis <e%asa2 or> tua2 a"ak J2 tahu" 1 tablet/hari

In%erak"i o&a%

E$ek Sam,ing O&a% )ESO* O((asio"al -rthritis *out Mual2 mu"tah2 akut 0 "5eri se"!i sakit kepala2 bi">u">2 "5eri pusi">2 "5eri ab!ome"2 "ausea2 perut2 !iare2 mu"tah2 a"oreksi2 @ara"> sakit kepala 42 <emam <isorie"tasi2 @ara">: ruam2 !emam2 pa"!a">a" kabur2 "5eri mata2 >a">>ua" pe">lihata"2 buta %ar"a

Per-a%ian ,engg'naan /holestasis *a">ua" 1u">si *a">>ua" hepar kapasitas metabolisme obat hati

!i hepar ;: #ri"2 HD !alam be"tuk ti!ak berubah. 30D !i eksresika" !alam be"tuk A!ME metabolit 6 E 9 Aam. -: -: Aelek!a" (epat ber$ariasi terabsorbsi!isera !ari p salura" (er"a *I60absorbsi a!ar pu"(ak 2= me"i">kat H !e">a" maka"a" Aam <: meluas <: se(ara ikata" protei" M: !i hepar 20=30 D ;: melalui 1e(es ter!istribusi luas t1/2 M: 225=9 Aam me"i">kat !> ! !imetrabolisme >a">>ua" >i"Aal i hepar ;: uri"e !apat !isi">"kirka" !e">a" hemo!ialisis
E

Re$eren"i

/arbama3epi"e: )e">>u"aa" obat me"uru"ka" a"ti 6& lai" ko"se"trasi !a" me"i">katka" e1ek mebe"!a3ole hepatotoksisitas )he"5toi": me"uru"ka" ko"se"trasi mebe"!a3ole

MIMS 20072 at3u"> & *. Mosb5Fs20062 2001. &asi( + Marti"!ale : /li"i(al 6he /omplete )harma(olo>5 <ru> 8e1ere"(e. ;! 3Hth2 at3u">.199G. )harma(olo>5

<eri$at )5rimi!i"

)5ra"tel )amoate 0)5ra"tel2 )5ra"ti"2 )ro%orm2 )iraska2 o"$erme.2 Me!i(omtri "2 /omba"tri"4 )ra3i:ua"tel 0&iltri(i!e4

<eri$at )5ra3i"ois o:ui"oli"e

<epolarisasi "euromus(ular blo(ki"> a>e"t 5 > me"5ebabka" rili s a(et5l(holi"e!a" me">hambat (holi"esterase ;1ek: paral5sis spasti( !ari -"tihelmi"ti( 5> me"i">katka" permeabilitas sel (a(i"> sh> (a(i"> kehila">a" i"traselular

;"terobiasis $ermi(ularis2 0pi" %orm4

6ablet 125 m> /aplet 250 m>2 Suspe"si per 5 ml 125 m> <osis: <e%asa2 ora"> tua2 a"ak J2 tahu" 11 m>/k>2 !iula"> 2 mi">>u. Maksimal: 1 >/hari

)ipera3i"e: sali"> a"ta>o"is

O((asio"al Mual2 mu"tah2 sakit kepala2 pusi">2 *i !istress2 %eak"ess

Ibu hamil2 a"ak I2 th

-: Aelek !a" ber$ariasi !isera p *I6 <: me"(apai pu"(ak 1=3 Aam M: !i hepar ;: 1e(es !a" se!ikit !i uri"e

MIMS 20072 Mosb5Fs20062 Marti"!ale : 6he /omplete <ru> 8e1ere"(e. ;! 3Hth2 at3u">.199G. )harma(olo>5

S(histomiasis /lo"or(hiasis Opisthori(iasis

6ablet 600 m> <osis: S(histomiasis <e%asa2 or> tua 3 !osis 20 m>/k> 1

loro:ui" !a" hi!rokloro:ui": me"uru"ka" le$el plasma pra3i:ua"tel /imeti!i":

Fre:ue"t Malaise2 sakit kepala2 pusi">2 "5eri perut O((asio"al -"ore.ia2 mu"tah

Ciperse"siti1 -"ak I 2 tahu"

-: &aik !iserap !ari *I tra(t Ikata" prot. G0D <: (epat ter!istribusi ke seluruh Aari">a"

MIMS 20072 Mosb5Fs20062 Marti"!ale : 6he /omplete <ru> 8e1ere"(e. ;!

KLASIFIKASI OBAT-OBAT ANTHELMINTIK

Nama Golongan <eri$at H= ami"o :ui"oli"e <eri$at /arbama3i "e

Nama Generik !agang lorokui" 0malarek2 me.a:ui"2 reso(hi"4 <ietil /arbama3i" 0Filar3a"4

kalsium2 ko"traksi massi$e2 paralisis otot !a" pha>osit parasit Mekani"me ker# ;1ek: -"ti (a(i"> a !a" me">eluarka " Suatu ko"se"trasi (a(i"> amuba 5a"> !alam sekarat !a" mati asam parasit !a" !apat me"5era"> Me"uru"ka" si"tesis protei" akti$itas parasit otot 0paralisis4 !a" perubaha" p! membra" mikro1ilaria sh> lebih mu!ah !iha"(urka" oleh !a5a taha" tubuh hospes

In(ika"i

-"ti malaria

O.&a"(ro1ti &.mala5i Loa=loa O.$ol$ulus

-lkaloi! /i"(ho"a

?ui"i" 0-eth5l(arb o "as2 /hi"i"4

Suatu alkaloi! (i"(ho"a 5a"> merelaksasi otot skeletal !e">a" me"i">katka" perio!e re1raktor2 me"uru"ka" ek(itabiliti motor e"! plate !a" bere1ek pa!a !istribusi kalsium paa!a serat otot

Malaria2 keram kaki

hari pera%ata". @>" memberi !osis kura"> !ari H Aam atau lebih 6 Aam /lo"or(hiasis/opist Ben%'k Se(iaa hori(iasis n <e%asa2 or> tua 3 O&a% )BSO* + (o !osis 25 m>/k> 1 6ablet 250 m> hari pera%ata" <osis: Malaria 6ablet 100 m> 0pro1ilaksis4 0>e"erik4 300 m>/mi">>u pa!a hari 5a"> <osis: O.&a"(ro1ti2 sama setiap &.mala5i2 Loa=loa mi">>u2 !imulai 2 <e%asa2 a"ak=a"ak mi">>u sebelum 2 m>/k> s/! 3 kali papara" 6=G sehari mi">>u setelah O.$ol$ulus me"i">>alka" area -%al 25 m> sehari e"!emik. slama hari2 #"tuk 3 -moebiasis: !iti">katka" 1 0)O4 1 >r/hr selam m>/k> !lm 2 !osis. a Maks.2 m>/k> 2 hr2 kemu!ia" 500 &a5i: m>/k> 3 m>/hr 025 u"tuk kali sehari selama mi"imal 2=3 3 mi">>u hari2 0i.m4 !ila"Autka" 160=200 1m>/k>2 125 m>/k>2 m>/hr u"tuk 10=12 masi">2 3 kali hr sehari selama 3 <osis a"ak sama harila"Aut 2 m>/k> !e">a"260 !e%asa 6ablet m> 2=3 mi">>u 6ablet 100 m> <osis: !e%asa 260 = 650/!osis2 3./hr selama 6=12 hr -"ak: 10/k>/G Aam u"tuk 5=7 hari

me"i">katka" plasma pra3i:ua"tel In%erak"i o&a%

!iare2 kram perut !a" "5eri2 berkeri">at2 berak !arah E$ek Sam,ing O&a% )ESO* Sakit kepala <iare )ruritus )erubaha" me"tal Mual2mu"tah2 ;rupsi kulit pusi">2 sakit kepala2 malaise2 "5eri se"!i2 a"oreksia2

Per-a%ian ,engg'naan Ciperse"siti1 )erubaha" lapa">a" pa"!a"> !a" perubaha" Ciperse"siti1 reti"a Camil -"ak I 2 th"

tubuh masuk /S F M: hepar ;: uri"e 61/2 H=5Aam A!ME

3Hth2 at3u">.199G. )harma(olo>5 Re$eren"i

aoli" /imeti!i" lorproma3i" me"i">katka" ko"se"trasi klorproma3i" /5(lospori"e mu">ki" toksis Metotro.ate me"uru"ka" le$el metotre.ate )ra3i:ua"tel me"uru"ka" absorpsi

-:ber$ariasi2seba >ia" obat !iabsorpsi !i *I 6 -: baik absorbsi <:lebar !alam !i *I62 Aari">a"ka!ar tubuh pu"(ak seperti 1=2 Aam <: merata ke mata2Aa"tu">2>i"A seluruh Aari">a" al2hati2paru ke(uali lemak M:metabolit akti1 ;: uri" ;:uri" Oaktu paruh 1=2 mos

MIMS 20072 Mosb5Fs20062 Marti"!ale : 6he /omplete MIMS <ru> 20072 Mosb5Fs20062 8e1ere"(e. ;! Marti"!ale : th2 3H 6he /omplete at3u">.199G. <ru> )harma(olo>5 8e1ere"(e. ;! 3Hth2 at3u">.199G. )harma(olo>5

<i>o.i":mei">kat ka" ko"se"trasi !i>o.i" Merokok:me">ur a ">i ko"se"trasi serum :ui"i"

Mual ti"iitus )ruritus Sakit kepala <isp"ea a">ioe!ema

Ciperse"siti1 :ui"i"e <e1isie"si *=6=)< 6i""itus

-:(epat !ari usus halus atas )rotei" bi"!i"> 70=95D M:!alam hati ;:1eses2 sali$a2 uri" Oaktu paruh G= 1H Aam 0!e%asa4 6=12 Aam 0a"ak= a"ak4

MIMS 20072 Mosb5Fs20062 Marti"!ale : 6he /omplete <ru> 8e1ere"(e. ;! 3Hth2 at3u">.199G. )harma(olo>5

KLASIFIKASI OBAT-OBAT ANTIMALARIA

8elaksasi otot skeletal

KLASIFIKASI OBAT-OBAT ANTIVIRAL

Nama Golongan I"hibitor Si"tesa -sam 7ukleat Nama Generik !agang -siklo$ir 0-(i$ar2a3o$ir 2 (li"o$ir2 (lo$i(a2 !umophar4 Mekani"me ker#a Se(ara selekti1 me">hambat <7-= polimerase $iru s !e">a" berkompetisi terha!ap !esoksi>ua"osi " =tri1os1at. 6ermi"asi biosi"tesis ra"tai <7-= $irus In(ika"i Ben%'k Se(iaa n O&a% )BSO* + !o 6ablet 200 m>2 H00m>. /rim 5 D <osis: )eroralB terapi herpes simplek B 200 m> 0H00 m> pa!a imu"o(ompromise ! atau bila a!a >a">>ua" absorpsi sekali sehari2 selama 5 hari. -"a k I2 tahu" 2 E !osis !e%asa2 J 2tahu" beri !osis !e%asa. )e"(e>aha" 200 m > H./hari i"terupte! 6=12 bula". 6erapi $arisela + herpes 3oster G00 m> 5./hari selama 7 hari 2 a"ak $ari(ela 20 m>/ k> 0maks G00 m>4 H ./hari selama 5 m>/5 hari. <i Sirup 10 ml2 tablet 100 m>2 150 m> <osis: 2 kali sehari 150 m> 0sebaik"5a ti!ak bersama maka"a"4.a"ak I12 tahu" keama"a" !a" khasiat"5a belum !iketahui. In%erak"i o&a% E$ek Sam,ing O&a% )ESO* 8uam kulit2 >a">>ua" salura" (er"a2 pe"i">kata " bilirubi" !a" e"3im hati2 pe"i">kata" ureum !a" kreati"i"2 sakit kepala 2 >a">>ua" "eurolo>is2 >a">>ua" !arah Per-a%ian ,engg'naan *a">>ua" 1u">si >i"Aal2 kehamila" !a" me"5usui. A!ME Re$eren"i

-"ti$irus akti1 terha!ap herpes simpleks tipe I !a" II !a" $arisela 3oster

Me"imbulka" lar>i 5a"> ekstrim !e">a" 3i!o1u!i" pa!a pemberia" i"tra$e"a.!e">a" miko1e"olat mo$etil2 ka!ar plasma asiklo$ir me"i">>i2 probe"esi! me">ura">i eksresi 0me"aikka" ka!ar plasma reaksi toksisitas4

-: <: sali$a2 (aira" lesi2 sekret $a>i"a2 -SI2 /S S M: ;: G0D elimi"asi melalui 1iltrasi >lomerulus2 seba>ia" ke(il melalui tubuli >i"Aal. 15D obat mu"(ul !alam uri" seba>ai metabolit i"akti1.

MIMS 20072 Mosb5Fs20062 Marti"!ale : 6he /omplete <ru> 8e1ere"(e. ;! 3Hth2 at3u">.199G. )harma(olo>5

-"ti= retro$iral

Lami$u!i" 036/ *la.o Smith li"e4

I"hibitor kompetiti1 re$erse tra"s(riptase retro$irus

Me">hambat CI, =1 2 CI,=22 u"tuk i"$eksi CI, pro>resi1 !alam be"tuk se!iaa" kombi"asi !e">a" a"tiretro$irus lai""5a.

6rimetroprim me"aikka" ka!ar"5a !i !alam plasma

Mual2 mu"tah2 !iare2 batuk 2 saki t kepala2i"som"ia2 "5eri muskuloskeletal2 a"emia !a" trombositope"ie

)a!a kelai"a" 1u">si >i"Aal2 pe"5akit hati 5a"> !isebabka" i"1eksi hepatitis & kro"is2 kehamila"2 !ia"Aurka" u"tuk !ihi"!ari pa!a trimester 1

-: !ia!sorpsi !e">a" baik !e">a" bioa$aibilitas G0= G5D <: M: ;:

MIMS 20072 Mosb5Fs20062 Marti"!ale : 6he /omplete <ru> 8e1ere"(e.;! 3Hth2 at3u">.199G. )harma(olo>5