I HC QUC GIA THNH PH H CH MINH I HC CNG NGH THNG TIN

BI TIU LUN
CHN THNG TRONG TH THAO
HONG NGHA
KHOA HC MY TNH 06 MSSV: 11520603

THNH PH H CH MINH 30-12-2011

CHN THNG TRONG TH THAO 2011

LI NG
Chn thng th thao thng do s vn ng qu mc lp i, lp li nhiu ln. D c nhng thi gian chun b chu o (thng gi l lm nng ngi), th cng khng trnh khi nhng s c xy ra trong cc vn ng th dc th thao. Cc ri ro cng tng gp bi nu c yu t cng thng thn kinh, chng hn thi u (cng quan trng, cng cng thng), hi thi, biu din, C nhng tai nn nh lin quan n hot ng cc c quan, nhng xo trn ni tng nh lc ng huyt, mt nc V nhng tai nn quan trng do t bn ngoi: mi trng xung quanh hay i th: va chm, qut t, Chng c th gy hu qu nghim trng. Ch cn mt s kin thc s ng cng c th thc hin vic phng nga, hoc nhng chm sc ban u rt kin hiu i vi cc loi tai nn ny. Nhng mn th thao c i khng c th gy ra hai loi chn thng: macro v micro. Cc chn thng v m (macro) l do b t ng, b va chm, b trng n Vi cc hu qu l gy xng, trc, lch khp, t mu, gin c Nhng v chn thng vi m him c hn, pht xut t nhng ng tc c lp li nhiu ln, lin h n cc gn, dy chng, quan tit, da m. Tt c (vi v v chn thng) u a n mt hu qu: lm gia tc tin trnh thp khp. V vy, cn c mt phng php x l cng nh phng chng chn thng trong hot ng th thao.

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CHN THNG TRONG TH THAO 2011

CHN THNG TRONG TH THAO

I. CC CHN THNG THNG GP TRONG TH THAO Nu nh cc cu th bng hay b chn thng phn mm v gy xng chn th vn ng vin chy rt d b chai chn, phng rp chn. Nhng ngi chi tennis d b chn thng vng vai cn cc vt thng b tn thng vng khp gi. 1. Cc sang chn thng gp cu th bng Cc cu th c th b tn thng tt c nhng thnh phn c xng khp ca b my vn ng. Cc sang chn c bp gm cng gin c, cng c, rch c v bong gn. Rch c c th gy chy mu trong c v phn ng vim, khin cu th phi tm dng thi u. Bong gn khoeo cng thng xy ra vi cu th bng ; triu chng c th t ngt hay xut hin t t (thng l do khng ko gin y c trc khi chy), c th km theo xut huyt di da. Sang chn phn mm nghim trng hn l t gn, c, dy chng, c bit l khp gi hay gn gt, phi iu tr ngoi khoa. Khi b ng hoc va chm trc tip vi cu th khc, nguy c gy xng bn chn, xng cng chn, gy u di xng quay l rt cao. Cn nhng c nh u mnh t th g b, lp i lp li nhiu ln cng c th gy p lc ng k ln cc t sng c, thm ch gy gy hoc di lch t sng c, chn p ty c hay r thn kinh ca n. 2. Cc chn thng vn ng vin chy Nhng ngi ny thng b chai chn, phng rp chn. Sang chn hay xy ra hn nhng ngi c bt thng v cu trc bn chn nh chn bt hay qu lm. Do , cn phi sa giy cho thch hp bng cch thm m lt lm gim ti trng ln chn. Sau khi chy ng di (marathon), vn ng vin c th b t mu di ngn chn. l chy mu do chn thng di mng chn, lm phng ngn chn v au nhiu. Nguyn nhn tn thng l i giy qu cht. V iu tr, cn phi rt mu t, i khi phi ly b mng chn. au bn chn cng thng xy ra (au u xng bn chn, ch yu t ngn 1 n ngn 3). au thng xut hin tng t sau khi chy vi khong cch di. phng bnh, cn chuyn sang cch chy ngn chn - gt chn. Cc vn ng vin chy ng di khi t ngt thay i c ly hay a hnh c th b gy v tr u xng chy v xng bn chn t 1 n 3, gy c xng i.
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Mt loi tn thng thng gp na l vim gn Achilles do tng p lc ko di, c th au dc theo c chiu di gn. Gn sng, nng, mt s trng hp c th cm thy lo xo v ht trong gn. Bnh nhn cn hn ch chy, dng nng trong trng hp nng, p , tm nng lnh, dng thuc chng vim khng steroid, siu m, laser. i khi cn ct b ht trong gn. phng nga chn thng do chy, iu quan trng l phi chn c loi giy ph hp. Giy chy nn c kch c va phi, ch cho cc ngn chn, gip hn ch b ca chn v gy t mu di mng chn. Phn lt giy pha mu chn phi m bng trnh tn thng gn dui v kch thch mu chn. m lt di dy trnh va dp, gt giy cn rng, dy v mm, cao trnh tn thng gn Achilles v di pha trong phng nhng ng tc doi ngoi hay p bn chn qu mc. Ngoi ra, vn ng vin cn c chng trnh th dui thch hp, trnh b mt chy cng, khng thay i t ngt ch chy. 3. Sang chn cc mn qun vt, bng chy... Ngi chi cc mn ny phi d tay qu u nn thng b chn thng vng vai. Tn thng vai cng xy ra khi vn ng vin b ng chng tay, vai xung t. Tn thng vng vai rt a dng, bao gm rch bao khp, bong gn, bong dy chng vng vai, gy xng cnh tay, xng n, trt khp n-cng vai, trt khp vai. Bnh l c quay vai do qu ti thng xy ra cc dng th thao i hi phi nhc tay qu u hay nhng ng tc nm phng. Bnh nhn thy au vng vai, kh nhc tay ln trn. Khi khm, c th thy teo c vng vai, s thy au b trc mm cng vai v dc c trn gai. iu tr, cn gii quyt cc nguyn nhn gy bnh, ngh ngi v thay i ch luyn tp, dng thuc chng vim khng steroid trong 2-4 tun u, tim steroid trong giai on cp, chm sau luyn tp hay iu tr, c th dng siu m, luyn tp nng cao sc mnh v sc bn ca vai. Ngoi ra, cc vn ng vin khi thc hin nhng ng tc i hi tay a qua u nh nm a, phng lao, tennis cn thng b tn thng mt trong khuu tay (vim im bm gn li cu xng cnh tay, tn thng dy thn kinh tr, gy mm khuu, thoi ha khp khuu) v mc hi chng tennis. 4. Chn thng cc vt Vng khp gi - cng chn rt d b tn thng trong mn th thao ny. l tn thng sn chm v t dy chng cho trc; biu hin l au, sng khp gi, c khi trn mu khp. Triu chng hn ch ng tc dui hon ton c th gi n tn thng rch sn chm kiu quai x di lch, gy tc nghn khp. au khi ngi xm cng l triu chng tin cy. Bin php chp cng hng t ht nhn l "tiu chun vng" cho vic chn on, cho php pht hin ti 95% cc trng hp rch sn chm. Soi khp gi chn on v iu tr cng rt c hiu qu. Khi b t dy chng cho trc, bnh nhn c cm gic trt khp gi, yu chi di. Khm thy sng nh, au vng bm trn ca dy chng bn trong. X-quang khp gi bnh
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thng. y l mt trong nhng tn thng nng n nht trong th thao. Ty theo mc tn thng m c cch x l khc nhau. Nu ch b t mt phn dy chng th ch cn iu tr ni khoa. Bnh nhn cn c eo bng bo v khp gi trong 6 thng. Cc bin php ngoi khoa c ch nh khi t hon ton dy chng. II. X L NHNG CHN THNG THNG THNG TRONG TH THAO Khi b chn thng phn mm, bnh nhn khng c chm nng hay ko, nn trong 2 ngy u. Chm nng lm mu chy nhiu hn; ko nn lm tn thng b nng thm, thm ch c th gy t c hon ton v bm dp m xung quanh. Kt qu l tn thng vim tng ln, vt thng lu lnh v so b xu. Trong sinh hot th dc th thao, c th xy ra cc chn thng c, gn v dy chng. Do mc tn thng nh nn bnh nhn c th t chm sc vt thng ti nh. Bc s Vng Huy ng, Trung tm Chn thng Chnh hnh TP HCM, cho bit, chn thng c bp c th chia lm 3 mc : 1. Gin c: L tn thng c dng nh do dy chng, gn, c b ko gin. S lng b si c b t l di 25%. Ngay lc b chn thng, ngi bnh thy au nhi vng gn c. Sau t pht, cm gic au gim v vng b tn thng s sng nh. Khi ny, dy chng b tn thng buc bnh nhn phi ngng hot ng; nu tip tc vn ng, mu s t li nhiu, khng c li cho vic iu tr sau . 2. Rch c: S c b rch chim 25-75% b si. Xut hin vt bm do cc si c b t nhiu hn. Bnh nhn c th nghe ting "bt" hay "rc" ti ch b thng, c cm gic au d di v phi ngng hot ng hon ton. Khp c th b mt vng. 3. t c: S c b rch chim trn 75% b si, c khi t hon ton lm mu bm t nhiu ngy sau , khp sng nhiu v tr nn lng lo. Bnh nhn c th b trt khp v hon ton khng hot ng c. Vi chn thng phn mm, vic x l ban u ng cch l rt cn thit, gip ch tn thng n nh v mau lnh. Vic s cu gm 4 bc: - Ngh ngi: ngay sau khi b chn thng, cn ngng tp luyn hoc thi u. C th gi vng b thng bng np c nh trong 1-3 ngy u. - Chm lnh: Mc ch phng nga bin chng, khng gy t mu hay chy mu. Dng ti p chm lnh ngay ti ch 10-15 pht, mi ln cch nhau khong 1 gi, lp li nhiu ln trong ngy. C th chm lnh trong 1-3 ngy u sau khi b thng. Khng nn chm mt ln qu lu hoc chm lnh trc tip v da s b bng. - Bng p: Mc ch l lm gim chy mu, sng bm v au nhc. Dng bng thun qun p di vng tn thng, nhng vng u phi qun cht, sau lng dn.

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- K cao vng b thng: Gip mu tr v tim tt hn; lm gim sng, au v vim. c bit c th k cao chn 10-15 cm trong 1-3 ngy u. Tuy nhin, khng nn k cao qu so vi tim. Khi b chn thng, bnh nhn c th dng thuc gim au, nhng tuyt i khng nn xoa cc loi du nng. Nhiu ngi lm vy v lm tng loi thuc m cc vn ng vin c xt khi b chn thng l du nng. Thc ra, l mt loi kh lnh d bc hi, c cng dng ging nh chm lnh. Khi b chn thng, bnh nhn khng c chm nng hoc xoa bp. Vic chm nng khin mu chy nhiu hn, cn xoa bp li khin cc dy chng b x chai, mt i n hi. Chng s tr nn yu hn v d chn thng tr li khi c nhng c ng hi mnh. Thng thng, nu tn thng nh, bnh nhn s hon ton phc hi sau khi iu tr c 2-3 ngy. Lc ny, h c th tp luyn nh nhng (khong 50% sc), v tng t t c th d thch nghi. Nu l chn thng nng hoc qua s cu m hot ng vn cn kh khn, bnh nhn nn n khm cc bnh vic chuyn khoa c iu tr cng sm cng tt. III. LI KT Cuc sng cng vn minh hin i th hot ng th lc cng c xu hng gim mnh, c bit cc th v thnh ph ln. Ngi ta i li bng cc phng tin vn chuyn thay cho i b, i xe p; thm hi nhau bng in thoi; cc phng tin gii tr th ng ngy cng pht trin vi ti vi, video, karaoke, tr chi in t, ri my git thay cho git bng tay... Ngay c cng vic cng dn dn c c gii ho, t ng ho. iu dn n hu qu bt li i vi sc kho tnh thn v th cht. Tp luyn th dc th thao mang li li ch to ln trong vic nng cao, tng cng sc khe, phng chng bnh tt cho ngi tp. Tuy nhin, cng vi nhng du hiu ng mng , tp luyn th dc th thao k c th thao qun chng ln th thao thnh tch cao cng t ra nhng vn bc xc: nhiu trng hp chn thng v tai nn ng tic xy ra k c tai nn cht ngi trong qu trnh tp luyn v thi u th thao. Chn thng th thao lun gp trong hot ng th dc th thao, bn cn hiu bit nhng iu cn bn nht l nhng vic khng nn lm trnh lm tn thng tr nn xu hn. Vic iu tr trit gip tn thng phc hi hon ton l iu quan trng. Nn loi b suy ngh Ht au l ht bnh. Ch c khi no m tn thng phc hi hon ton v sinh l v sc chu lc, mi tht s ht bnh.

HT

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