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Bones of The Upper Limb - PPTX 2014
Bones of The Upper Limb - PPTX 2014
OBJECTIVES
Skeleton definition and functions specially bones. Brief review of classification of bones. Common land marks or features of bones. Individual features of Upper limbs bones
SKELETON
Skeleton system consist of several types of tissue
Cartilage( connective tissue semi rigid) Bones (rigid type of connective tissue)
Classification of Bones
UPPER EXTREMITIES
Humerus Radius Ulna Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges 2 2 2 16 10 28
PELVIC GIRDLE
Hip bone 2
2
2 2 2 14 10 28
AXIAL SKELETON.
SKULL Cranium Face Auditory ossicles Hyoid Vertebrae (including sacrum and coccyx) Cervical 7 ,thorax 12 and lumbar 5 Sternum Ribs 8 14 6 28 1 26 1 24
Classification
According to shape. Long . eg, Clavicle Humerus Radius Ulna. Femur Tibia Fibula. Short. eg, Hand and Foot bones. Irregular . eg, Vertebrae , Hip bones . Flat . eg, Scapula Sternum Skull. Sesamoid. eg, Patella and Pisiform.
Epiphysis.
Metaphysis
Diaphysis
THE CLAVICLE
Is the long bone lying in horizontally connects the upper limb with the axial Skelton Main features of the clavicle Two ends medial & lateral Two curvatures medial & lateral Two surfaces inferior & Superior Two borders. Anterior and posterior.
Clavicle
SCAPULA
Three Borders :lateral , medial and superior. Three Angles: Superior inferior and lateral. Spine: Triangular in shape at the posterior surface of
scapula.
Glenoid cavity. Pear shaped at lateral angle. Three Fossae supraspinous , infraspinous & subscapular. Two notches supra-scapular & spino-glenoind.
Two Surfaces. Anterior(costal) and posterior.
SCAPULA
HUMERUS
Is the long bone of arm Following are main features Head: Tubercle: Lesser and greater tubercle. Bicipital grove: Between two tubercles. Trochlea: Pulley shaped on lateral side of lower end . Capitulam:On Medial side lower end Epicondyle: lateral and medial.
RADIUS
Is located on lateral side of forarm Following are main features Head (disc shape) Neck Tuberosity Latereral styloid process
ULNA
Medial side bone of the fore arm
Following are the important Features. Head (on lower side.) Medial Styloid process Trochlear notch Olecranon process Ulnar notch
CARPAL BONE
Arranged in two rows Proximal and Distal. Scaphoid . Lunate. Triquetral. Pisiform. Trepezium. Trepizoid. Capitate. Hamate.
(Eight bones)
PHALANGES.
Total fourteen Two in the thumb Three in each of the remaining fingers.