Home work 1:

Working principle of capacitive level sensor:

The principle of capacitive level measurement is based on change of capacitance. An insulated electrode acts as one plate of capacitor and the tank wall acts as other plate. The capacitance depends on the fluid level. An empty tank has lower capacitance while a filled tank has a higher capacitance. A simple capacitor consists of two electrode plate separated by a small thickness of an insulator such as solid, liquid, gas or vacuum . this insulator is also called as dielectric. Value of C depends on dielectric material, area of the plate and also distance between the plates. So, Where , C= capacitance in pF absolute permittivity of free space K = relative dielectric constant of the insulating materials A = effective area of conductors d= distance between the conductors

comparison of capacitance and resistive level sensor:

1. capacitive level measurement based on change of capacitance whether resistive level sensor work with the electrical conductivity of the liquid. 2. An insulated electrode acts as one plate of capacitor and the tank act as other plate. Resistive Level Sensor detects the opening or closing circuit between two electrodes. 3. Capacitance Level Sensor sense the capacitance which depends on fluid level. Resistive Level Sensor senses the conductivity which depends on the fluid level.

Home work-2:
Specification of LVDT: 1. Power : 5V DC 2. Ambient Temperature: 0 -40 to 500 C

3. Input: 0 to 1V ac from LVDT based belt scale or solid flow meter(maximum 3m separation between LVDT and conditioner card) 4. Output: 0 to 50 mV dc to Accumass BW100 or BWA00/SF500 (maximum 300m separation between conditioner card and integrator) 5. Accuracy: 0.1% of range 6. Enclosure: general purpose type 4/Nama 4 7. Cable: Belden 8404, 4 conductor, shielded 20AWG, 150m max Belden 9260, 6 conductor, shielded 20AWG, 300m max Application of LVDT: 1. Displacement measurement: Extensometer , temperature, transducer, butterfly control valve, servo valve displacement sensing 2. Deflection of beams strings or rings: Load cells, pressure transduces 3. Thickness variation of work pieces: Dimension gauges, thickness and profile managements product sorting by size. 4. Velocity and acceleration: Automotive suspension control 5. Fluid level: Fluid level and fluid flow measurement, position sensing ie hydraulic cylinder

A Real Life LVDT: