Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Jun1 00
Jun1 00
Sureohpd 418 Vh wlhqh xq vlvwhpd gh sduwfxodv fxqwlfdv hq htxloleulr d od whpshudwxud W | vlq lqwhudfflrqhv hqwuh v1 Orv srvleohv hvwdgrv fxqwlfrv gh fdgd sduwfxod/ ghqrplqdgrv sru xq qglfh l/ wlhqhq hqhujdv %l | odv sduwfxodv vrq wdohv txh vor sxhgh kdehu xq p{lpr gh grv sduwfxodv hq ho plvpr hvwdgr fxqwlfr1 +d, Fdofxodu od ixqflq gh sduwlflq gho vlvwhpd/ hvfulelhqgr ho uhvxowdgr hq ixqflq gho idfwru gh Erow}pdqq tl @ h +%l , +e, Ghprvwudu txh ho qphur phglr gh sduwfxodv hq ho hvwdgr l sxhgh hvfuleluvh frpr # $ 5 6 t ql @ qEH 4 S5 l d l d@3 tl grqgh qEH hv ho qphur phglr gh sduwfxodv hq ho hvwdgr l hq od hvwdgvwlfd gh Ervh0Hlqvwhlq1 l +f, Ghprvwudu txh/ hq ho fdvr jhqhudo hq ho txh sxhgd kdehu P sduwfxodv hq ho plvpr hvwdgr fxqwlfr/ od ixqflq gh sduwlflq sxhgh hvfuleluvh frpr \ 4 t P .4 l ]@ 4 tl l +g, D sduwlu gho uhvxowdgr rewhqlgr hq ho dsduwdgr dqwhulru/ vh sxhghq ghgxflu odv fruuhvsrqglhqwhv h{suhvlrqhv sdud odv hvwdgvwlfdv gh Ihupl0Gludf | gh Ervh0HlqvwhlqB Vroxflq= +d, Hq ixqflq gh orv qphurv gh rfxsdflq gh orv glvwlqwrv hvwdgrv fxqwlfrv | whqlhqgr hq fxhqwd txh ql @ 3> 4> 5/ od judq ixqflq gh sduwlflq vh hvfuleh frpr ] @ [
q4 >q5 >
S
l
ql +%l ,
5 [ q4 @3
hq4 +%4 ,
5 [ q5 @3
5 5 @ 4 . t4 . t4 4 . t5 . t5
+5,
[
l
5 oq 4 . tl . tl
+6,
Gh?qlhqgr @ / ho idfwru gh Erow}pdqq vh hvfuleh frpr tl @ h+%l ., | ho qphur phglr wrwdo gh sduwfxodv hv [ C oq ] C oq ] Q @ ql @ nW @ C C W>Y W>Y l Ctl l . 5tl Ct [ C C @ +7, 5 4 . tl . tl l sru or txh ql @ grqgh khprv xvdgr txh Ctl @C @ tl 1 4
Ctl C
Ctl C 5 . tl . tl
. 5tl
@
5 tl . 5tl 5 4 . tl . tl
+8,
Ghvfrpsrqlhqgr od h{suhvlq dqwhulru sdud ql hq iudfflrqhv | rshudqgr/ vh sxhgh yhu txh +8, vh sxhgh hvfulelu frpr 6 5 tl 6tl tl 6tl ql @ @ 4 +9, 6 5 4 tl 4 tl 4 tl 4 . tl . tl Shur tl @ 4 tl
4 tl
4 4 @ +% , l h 4 4
+:,
txh hv suhflvdphqwh ho qphur phglr gh sduwfxodv hq ho hvwdgr l hq od hvwdgvwlfd EH/ qEH l 1 Sru or wdqwr/ +9, vh hvfuleh # $ 5 6tl ql @ qEH 4 +;, S l 5 d d@3 tl +f, Fxdqgr sxhgh kdehu P sduwfxodv hq ho plvpr hvwdgr fxqwlfr ho ud}rqdplhqwr hv vlplodu do txh uhdol}dprv hq ho dsduwdgr +d,/ gh irupd txh srghprv hvfulelu P P 4 . t5 . . t5 ] @ 4 . t4 . . t4 # P $# P $ [ [ d d @ t4 t5 +<, Xvdqgr dkrud ho uhvxowdgr S P
d d@3 {
d@3
d@3
+4 {, @ 4 {P .4 / rewhqhprv ?qdophqwh ]@ \ 4 t P .4
l l
4 tl
+43,
4 tl
\
l
+4 . tl , @
l \k 4 . h+%l , @ ]I G
l
+44,
txh fruuhvsrqgh d od judq ixqflq gh sduwlflq hq od hvwdgvwlfd IG1 Sru rwud sduwh/ vl P $ 4 | tl ? 4/ od iupxod +43, vh wudqvirupd hq # $ P .4 l4 \ \k \ 4 4 tl 4 h+%l , ]@ olp @ @ ]EH @ P $4 4 tl 4 tl l l l sru or txh rewhqhprv od h{suhvlq fruuhvsrqglhqwh d od hvwdgvwlfd EH1
+45,
Sureohpd 518 Vh frqvlghud xq jdv gh irwrqhv hq htxloleulr wuplfr d od whpshudwxud W | hqfhuudgr hq xqd fdylgdg klshufelfd g0glphqvlrqdo gh odgr O | yroxphq Y @ Og 1 +d, Fdofxodu od ghqvlgdg G +%, gh hvwdgrv irwqlfrv frq hqhujd hqwuh % | % . g%1 +e, Fdofxodu od ixqflq gh sduwlflq gho vlvwhpd/ h{suhvdqgr ho uhvxowdgr hq ixqflq gh od frqvwdqwh ] 4 {g +h{ 4,4 g{ Lg @ +4@g,
3
+f, Kdoodu ho fdoru hvshf?fr sru xqlgdg gh yroxphq fY 1 +g, Yhul?fdu txh orv uhvxowdgrv rewhqlgrv frlqflghq frq orv frqrflgrv sdud xqd fdylgdg wulglphqvlrqdo1 QRWD= Ho yroxphq gh xqd hvihud g0glphqvlrqdo gh udglr U hv
5g@5 g g +g@5, U /
+4,
grqgh ] hv od ixqflq gh sduwlflq judq fdqqlfd | khprv xvdgr txh @ 3 do wudwduvh gh irwrqhv1 Frpr ho qphur gh hvwdgrv irwqlfrv hqwuh % | % . g% hv px| judqgh/ srghprv dsur{lpdu od vxpd vreuh hvwdgrv l sru xqd lqwhjudo vreuh hqhujdv/ gh irupd txh ] 4 +5, G+%, oq 4 h% g% oq ] @
3
grqgh khprv lqwurgxflgr od ghqvlgdg gh hvwdgrv G+%, txh ghshqgh/ hq jhqhudo/ gh od glphqvlq1 Sdud fdofxodu G+%, whqhprv txh hqfrqwudu ho qphur gh hvwdgrv frq xqd hqhujd hqwuh % | % . g%1 Sdud hoor/ vxsrqhprv txh ho jdv irwqlfr +od udgldflq, vh hqfxhqwud hq xqd fdylgdg klshufelfd/ gh glphvlq g | gh odgr O | txh vh sxhgh ghvfulelu sru xqd frohfflq gh rqgdv hvwdflrqduldv/ vroxflrqhv gh od hfxdflq gh Vfkuglqjhu lqghshqglhqwh gho wlhpsr/ txh vh dqxodq hq odv sduhghv gh od fdylgdg1 Glfkdv rqgdv hvwdflrqduldv vh sxhghq hvfulelu frpr *+u, @ F
g \ u@4
vhq
q u {u O
+6,
grqgh F hv xqd frqvwdqwh/ qu vrq qphurv hqwhurv srvlwlyrv | {u vrq odv frpsrqhqwhv gho yhfwru u1 Odv iuhfxhqfldv shuplwlgdv gh glfkd rqgd hvwq gdgdv sru $ @ fmnm/ grqgh n hv ho yhfwru gh rqgd/ | wlhqhq od irupd f $@ O # [
u
$4@5 q5 u +7,
Fdgd yhfwru q gh frpsrqhqwhv qu gh?qh xq hvwdgr irwqlfr1 Gh dfxhugr frq +7, ho qphur gh hvwdgrv txh wlhqhq xqd iuhfxhqfld lqihulru d xqd gdgd $ vhu dsur{lpdgdphqwh ljxdo do yroxphq gh xqd hvihud gh udglr $O@f 1 Gh khfkr/ d od sruflq gh hvihud hq od txh odv frpsrqhqwhv gho yhfwru q vrq srvlwlydv +4@5 hq g @ 4/ 4@7 hq g @ 5/ 4@; hq g @ 6/ hv ghflu 4@5g hq jhqhudo,1 Khprv gh whqhu hq fxhqwd/ dghpv/ od srodul}dflq gh orv irwrqhv/ txh lpsolfd txh sru fdgd hvwdgr q kd| g 4 hvwdgrv gh srodul}dflq1 Frpr % @ k$/ whqlhqgr hq fxhqwd od h{suhvlq sdud ho yroxphq gh xqd hvihud gh glphqvlq g/ ho qphur gh hvwdgrv frq hqhujd lqihulru d % vhu/ ?qdophqwh/ 4 5g@5 +%, @ +g 4, g 5 g +g@5, G+%, @ +g 4, g O f k g %g +8,
Sru wdqwr/ ho qphur gh hvwdgrv hqwuh % | % . g% vhu G+%, @ 3 +%,/ hv ghflu O f k %g4 5g4 g@5 +g@5, @ dg Y %g4 +9,
grqgh Y @ Og hv ho yroxphq gh od fdylgdg klshufelfd g0glphqvlrqdo +revuyhvh txh sdud g @ 6/ whqlhqgr hq fxhqwd l4 k s kf,6 ,1 txh +6@5, @ @5/ vh wlhqh d6 @ 5 + +e, Dkrud srghprv hvfulelu ] 4 %g4 oq 4 h% g% @ dg Y Lg +nW ,g +:, oq ] @ dg Y
3
grqgh khprv khfkr xq vlpsoh fdpelr gh yduldeoh { @ % | grqgh +lqwhjudqgr sru sduwhv, ] ] 4 4 4 {g g{ Lg @ {g4 oq 4 h{ g{ @ { g 3 +h 4, 3 Sru or wdqwr/ od ixqflq gh sduwlflq vhu ] @ h{s dg Y Lg +nW ,g
+;,
+<,
+f, Odv yduldeohv whuprglqplfdv vh sxhghq fdofxodu d sduwlu gh od ixqflq gh sduwlflq r gho judq srwhqfldo @ nW oq ] / gh irupd txh whqhprv S @ dg Lg +nW ,g.4 Y 4 C v @ @ +g . 4,dg Lg n+nW ,g Y CW Y . VW X @ @ . vW @ gdg Lg +nW ,g.4 @ g S x @ Y Y Y @ 6 +43, +44, +45,
|/ hq sduwlfxodu/ sdud ho fdoru hvshf?fr sru xqlgdg gh yroxphq/ Cx @ g+g . 4,dg Lg n+nW ,g @ g v fY @ CW Y +g, Sdud g @ 6 whqhprv L6 @ 7 @78 | d6 @ 4@ 5 +f k,6 |/ sru or wdqwr/ x @ S @ 5 n7 48 +f k, x 6 75 n7
6
+46,
W7
+47, +48,
v @ fY
78 +f k, @ 6v
W6
+49, +4:,
txh vrq orv uhvxowdgrv elhq frqrflgrv txh vh ghgxfhq gh od glvwulexflq gh Sodqfn sdud od udgldflq gho fxhusr qhjur1