1/24/2010

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GV: Phan Th Kim Loan
Bi m u
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Ni dung
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Gii thiu
Tin trnh pht trin h thng
Cc phng php pht trin h thng
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Hin trng cuc sng
Th gii ph thuc vo s pht trin cng ngh
Yu cu s pht trin ca cng ngh phn mm
Cc ng dng ca cng ngh phn mm: cng ngy cng
c m rng v phc tp hn
Nhu cu th trng tng: i hi tng nng sut, nng cao
cht lng nhng li gim thiu thi gian.
Tuy nhin li thiu ngun nhn lc thc s c trnh .
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Thng k v cc d n phn mm
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The Robbins-Gioia Survey (2001)
Kho st trn 232 ngi lm vic ti cc cng ty ang trin khai h
thng ERP. 51%: khng thnh cng. 49% cn li (46% khng th
nng cp)
The KPMG Canada Survey (1997)
Kho st trn 1450 phiu kho st, phn tch 176 trng hp.
61% cc d n c xem l tht bi
Hn 1/3 cc d n vt qu ngn sch c tnh ban u.
Tht thot ngn sch cho cc d n cng ngh thng tin hng nm
ln n hng t la. Canada ($25 billion per year)
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Thng k v cc d n phn mm
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The Chaos Report (1995)
365 respondents representing 8,380 applications.
31.1% cancelled.
52.7% cost over 189% original budget.
16.2% on-time and on-budget
The OASIG Study (1995)
7 trong 10 IT projects fail in some respect
Theo ngun thng k ca IT Cortex
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Nhng thch thc
Thch thc
Cng ngh thay i nhanh
Cng vic pht trin phn mm l cng vic tp th
S chuyn mn ho v cch thc lm vic phn tn
Kt lun:
1 IT Project: T l tht bi nhiu hn thnh cng
Ch 1 trong 5 d n th thc s p ng c nhu cu
D n cng ln kh nng tht bi cng cao.
C thnh cng nhng qu nhiu tht bi
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Vn pht sinh trong pht trin HT
Hiu khng ng nhng g ngi dng cn
Khng th thch ng vi cc thay i v yu cu ca h thng
Cc Module khng khp vi nhau
Phn mm kh bo tr v nng cp, m rng
Pht hin tr cc l hng ca d n
Cht lng phn mm km
Hiu nng ca phn mm thp
Cc thnh vin trong nhm khng bit c ai thay i ci g, khi
no, u, ti sao phi thay i
Qu trnh build-and-release khng ng tin cy
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Cc nguyn nhn ct li
S qun l yu cu ngi dng khng y
Trao i thng tin m h v khng y
Kin trc khng vng chc
phc tp vt qu tm kim sot
C nhng mu thun khng pht hin c gia yu cu, thit k,
v ci t.
Kim chng khng y
S lng gi ch quan v tnh trng ca d n
S chm tr trong vic gim ri ro do m hnh thc nc
S lan truyn khng th kim sot ca cc thay i
Thiu cc cng c t ng ha
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Tin trnh pht trin h thng
Tng qut Tin trnh (Process) xc nh:
Who - ai.
What - lm g
Where - u
When - lm khi no
How - lm nh th no t ti mc ch mong mun.
Software Development Process
Rational Unified Process - RUP
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Software Development Life Cycle - SDLC
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Rational Unified Process - RUP
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Tin trnh pht trin h thng
Lp k hoch (Planning)
Phn tch yu cu (Requirements Analysis)
Thit k (Design)
Pht trin v kim tra (Development & Testing)
Trin khai v thc hin (Deployment & Implement)
Bo tr (Maintenance)
Nng cp (Improvement)
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Lp k hoch (Planning)
Xc nh gi tr kinh doanh ca h thng
Phn tch tnh kh thi
Xy dng k hoch cng vic
Xc nh ngun nhn lc cho d n
c lng chi ph
iu khin v qun l d n
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Phn tch yu cu (Requirements Analysis)
Yu cu ngi s dng l mc tiu chnh pht trin h thng
Mt thit k ban u c th khng hon chnh so vi cc yu cu
chnh
Vic pht hin v b sung cc thiu st trong thit k s lm tng
gi thnh, tn thi gian hoc hng d n.
Thi gian v chi ph pht trin mt thit k sai l khng th b
p
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Phn tch yu cu (Requirements Analysis)
Yu cu chc nng m t h thng phi lm g (what) nhng
khng m t h thng phi lm th no (how)
Yu cu phi chc nng: rng buc v thi gian, cc h tr ngn
ng,
Thu thp v phn tch yu cu l cng vic rt kh khn
Cc yu cu khng hon chnh
Cc thut ng trong nhiu lnh vc gy kh hiu
Cc yu cu khch hng thng thiu chnh xc, tha, khng c cu trc v
thiu nht qun
C c cc yu cu thiu tnh kh thi.
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Requirement Management
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Qun l yu cu l mt cng vic
- Quan trng
- Khng d dng
- nh hng n ton b qu trnh
- Quyt nh vit thnh bi ca PM
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Phn tch yu cu (Requirements Analysis)
Mc tiu: Requirement Specification (RS)
Ti liu t t:
Cam kt gia khch hng v t chc pht trin h thng
Ngun nhn lc pht trin h thng
M hnh tng i hon chnh v nhng yu cu h thng
Tin trnh phn tch:
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RS RS
Understanding
Developers
Requirement
Capture
Classification
Validation
User
Feasibility
Study
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Thit k (Design)
Xc nh chin lc thit k
Xy dng cu trc thnh phn
Thit k giao din
Thit k chc nng
Thit k c s d liu
H s thit k cho c h thng
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Thit k (Design)
Ti liu thit k: m hnh kin trc
t t thnh phn, m t cc thnh phn phi lm g
thng qua giao din. Ch yu m t what
Thit k chi tit (thc hin nhiu bc)
M hnh thit k chi tit:
Thit k chc nng cho mi thnh phn
Thit k giao din cho mi thnh phn
M hnh h thng ct li
C th - ph thuc ci t xc nh lm th no how
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Development & Testing
Mi thnh phn trong giai on thit k c thc hin thnh mt
module ca h thng
Kim chng v th nghim mi module theo t t t thit k
Lp li qui trnh trn cho n khi tng module hon thin
T hp cc module h thng
Kim tra ton h thng m bo p ng ng v yu cu
ng thi khng pht sinh li.
Yu cu khch hng th nghim h thng
Khch hng chp nhn sn phm Tin trnh ny hon tt
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Deployment & Implement
Ln k hoch trin khai h thng
Cc bo co v ti liu nh km
C k hoch tp hun s dng cho khch hng hay khng
K hoch v thi gian bo hnh h thng
H tr km theo h thng?
Nhn phn hi ca i tc ra sao
Ci t h thng
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Maintenance & Improvement
Bo tr:
Sau khi h thng c ci t v s dng thc t
Bo v v duy tr cho h thng hot ng
Sa cc li pht sinh (li h thng hay li do ngi s dng)
Tnh chi ph bo tr bo dng h thng
Nng cp: gm
B sung chc nng
Thay i mi do nng cp phn cng hay cc phn mm khc
c lin quan
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Cc giai on thit k v kt qu
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Process Product
Planning
Requirement Analysis
Design
Development & Testing
Deploy& Implement
Maintenance & Improve
Project Plan
Requirement Specification
System Specification
Testing -System
New System, Maintenance Plan
Improved System
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Software development Methodologies
1970s Structured programming
1980s Structured Systems Analysis and Design Methodology (SSADM)
1990s Object-oriented programming (OOP) pht trin t nhng nm u 1960s,
v pht trin nh phng php lp trnh sut gia thp nin 1990s.
Rapid application development (RAD) t 1991.
Scrum (development), t cui 1990s
Team software process bi Watts Humphrey ti SEI
2000s Extreme Programming
Rational Unified Process (RUP) t 1998.
Agile Unified Process (AUP) t 2005 bi Scott Ambler
Integrated Methodology t 2007
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Software development approaches
Thit k cu trc (Structured design)
Phng php thc nc (waterfall method)
Phng php pht trin song song (Parallel development)
Phng php dng Spiral
Phng php pht trin nhanh ng dng (RAD - )
Phng php pht trin theo cc pha
Phng php xy dng nguyn mu (prototyping)
Thng thng (regular)
Loi b (throwaway)
Phng php pht trin linh ng (Agile development)
XP (extreme programming)
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Software development approaches
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Object-Oriented Analysis and Design - OOAD
Use-case Diagram
Class Diagram
Object Diagram
State Diagram
Transition Diagram
Interaction Diagram
Module Diagram
Process Diagram
Integrated Methodology Software Development
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Structured Design
D n s tin trin t bc ny sang bc
tip theo mt cch c h thng
Thng thng, mt bc phi c hon
thnh trc khi bt u bc tip theo
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Waterfall method
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Waterfall method
Time
Qui trnh thp nc nhiu ri ro
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ng dng thp nc theo vng lp
Cc vng lp u dnh cho cc vn nhiu ri ro
Mi vng lp sinh ra mt phin bn vi mt s b sung cho
h thng
Mi vng lp bao gm c vic tch hp v kim chng
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Iteration 3 Iteration 2
Iteration 1
Time
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Qui trnh lp
Cc ri ro chnh c gii quyt trc khi c cc pht trin ln
Cc vng lp u tin cho php nhn feedback
Vic kim chng v tch hp din ra lin tc
Cc ct mc cc b s nh ra cc tiu im ngn hn
S tin trin c o bng bn ci t
Cc ci t b phn c th trin khai ring
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TIME
R
I
S
K
Thp nc tun t
Thp nc ci tin
TIME
R
I
S
K
Iteration Iteration Iteration
Iteration
Gim ri ro
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Phng php thc nc
u im:
Trc khi lp trnh th cc yu cu v h thng c xc nh
rt chi tit v y => gim thiu c s thay i v yu
cu trong qu trnh pht trin h thng
Nhc im:
Thi gian t khi xut d n n khi c sn phm cui cng
thng rt di (vi thng -> vi nm)
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Parallel Development
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A Parallel Development-based Methodology
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Spiral
Kt hp gia prototyping-in-stages v top-down
and bottom-up
nh gi v gim thiu ri ro bng cch tch
nh cc phn on thay v qun l trn ton b
d n
Mi vng xon c i qua:
Phn tch mc tiu, la chn thay th.
nh gi cc la chn thay th, xc nh v gii quyt
cc ri ro.
Pht trin t cc iteration
K hoch c lp tip theo
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Bt u mi chu k vi: cc bn lin quan xc nh mc ch v kt qu cn tho
Kt thc mi chu k: xem xt v cam kt ca cc bn
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RAD
Cc nhn t quan trng:
Cng c CASE (Computer Aided Software Engineering )
JAD (Joint Application Development )
Ngn ng lp trnh th h th t/ visual
Cng c to m
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Phng php pht trin theo pha
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Software prototyping
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Phng php xy dng nguyn mu loi b
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La chn phng php ph hp
Tiu ch:
r rng, y ca cc yu cu ca
ngi s dng
Kh nng, mc thnh tho v cng ngh
phc tp ca h thng
tin cy ca h thng
Qu thi gian
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La chn phng php ph hp
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Criteria for Selectiong a Methodology
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