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Calculodeprimitivas 2bach
Calculodeprimitivas 2bach
CLCULO DE PRIMITIVAS
Pgina 328
Concepto de primitiva
I
1. a) 1 = x 2. a) 2x = x 2 7x 2 3. a) 7x = 2 4. a) 3x 2 = x 3 5. a) 6x 5 = x 6
b) 2 = 2x
c)
2 = 2 x
3x 2 2
b) x =
x2 2
c) 3x =
b)
x x2 = 3 6 x3 3 x6 6
2 x2 c) 2 x =
2 c) 2x 2 = c) 3x 5 = 2x 3 3 3x 6 x6 = 6 2
b) x 2 = b) x 5 =
Pgina 329
I
6. a) (1) x 2 = x 1 =
1 x
b) x 2 =
1 x 1 = x 1
c)
x5
5 x
7. a)
x1 = x
3
1 x 2 = 2x 2 2
b)
x2
=2
1
3
2 1 = 2 2x 2 x
8. a)
b)
(x 5 3)
3
1/2
(x 3)
1
5 2(x 3)2
9. a)
2x
= x 3/2 = x 3
b)
2 x = 2 x
3 3
1/2
= x 3/2 = x 3
10. a)
x = 3 2 x
2 3
1/2
2 3/2 2 x 3 x = 3 3
14 x 3 b) 7 x = 7 x = 3
11. a)
3x = 3 x = 3 x =
2x =
5 1
2 3 2 3x 3 x3 = 3 3
b)
2 x = 2 x = 2 2 x 3 = 2 2 x 3 = 2 2x 3
5 5
15
15
12. a)
2x
3
1/2
= x 1/2 = x
b)
2 x = x
1
13. a)
2 x = 3 2 x
1
= 3 x
b)
5x = 5 2 5x
3 6 5
6 5x 5
14. a)
x = x
3
3/2
2 x5 x 5/2 = 5 5/2
b)
7x 5x
1 3
2 7x 5 = 7 x3 = 5
15. a)
x
1
= ln |x|
b)
1 5
5x
5 3
1 ln |5x| 5 2 3
16. a)
x + 5 = ln |x + 5|
1
b)
2x + 6 = 2 2x + 6 = 2 ln |2x + 6|
b) 2 cos x = 2 sen x
18. a) cos x +
= sen x + 2 2
b) cos 2x =
1 1 2 cos 2x = sen 2x 2 2
b) sen 2x =
1 1 2(1 + tg 2 2x) = tg 2x 2 2
b) tg2 2x = (1 + tg 2 2x 1) = (1 + tg 2 2x) 1 =
1 tg 2x x 2
ALGUNAS EXPONENCIALES
22. a) e x = e x 23. a) e 2x =
b) e x + 1 = e x + 1
1 1 2e 2x = e 2x 2 2
b) e 2x + 1 =
1 1 2e 2x + 1 = e 2x + 1 2 2
Pgina 331
1. Calcula las siguientes integrales: a) 7x 4
b)
x1
3
c)
x
5x3
d)
5x 2 x5 7x 5 +k = +k 5 5
e)
x + 5x3
3x
f)
a) 7x 4 = 7
b)
1 = x 2 = x 1 + k = 1 + k x 1 x2
3/2 2 x3 x = x 1/2 = x +k = +k 3 3/2
c)
d) 5x 2 =
3
e)
x + 5x3 =
3x
x 1/3 + 3x
f)
5x3 =
2. Calcula: a) x 4 5x 2 + 3x 4 x 7x 4 5x 2 + 3x 4 x2 x 4 5x 2 + 3x 4 = x b)
x 4 5x 2 + 3x 4 x+1 x3 x2
c)
d)
a)
x 3 5x + 3
4 x4 5x 2 = + 3x 4 ln |x| + k x 4 2
b)
x 4 5x 2 + 3x 4 = x+1 =
(x
x 2 4x + 7
11 = x+1
x4 x3 2x 2 + 7x 11 ln |x + 1| + k 4 3
c)
7x 4 5x 2 + 3x 4 = x2
( 7xx
) ( ) ( ) ( )
5x2 x2 + 3x x2 4 x2 3 4 x x
2
= 7x 2 5 +
7x 3 5x + 3 ln |x| + 4 + K 3 x 8 x3 = + x 2 + 4x + 8 ln |x 2| + k x2 3
d)
x 2 = (x
x3
+ 2x + 4 +
Pgina 332
3. a) (3x 5tg x) = 3 x 5 tg x = =
3x2 5 ( ln |cos x| + k = 2
3x2 + 5 ln |cos x| + k 2
3x +k ln 3
4. a)
3 = 3 arctg x + k +1
b)
2x = ln |x2 + 1| + k +1
c)
x2 1 = x2 + 1
(1 +
2 = x 2 arctg x + k x2 + 1
d)
(x + 1)2 = x2 + 1
x2 + 2x + 1 = x2 + 1
(1 +
2x = x + ln |x2 + 1| + k x2 + 1
Pgina 335
1. Calcula: a) cos 4 x sen x dx
b) 2sen x cos x dx
cos 5 x +k 5
2. Calcula: a) cotg x dx
b)
dx x 5x +1
4
a) cotg x dx =
sen x
cos x 5 2
dx = ln |sen x| + k 5 arc tg (x 2) + k 2
b)
x 5x +1
4
dx =
1 +2(xx )
2 2
dx =
Pgina 336
3. Calcula: dx x x 1
3
12
dt =
t 6t t
5 4
dt =
t 1 dt = 6 t 1 dt =
6t 2 t2
=6
(t + 1 + t 1 ) dt = 6 ( 2
1
t2
+ t ln |t 1| + k =
=6
6 3 6 6 x2 + 6 x ln | x 1| + k = 3 x + 6 x 6 ln | x 1| + k
6
4. Calcula:
dx 1 x x
2
Hacemos el cambio 1 x 2 = t 1 x 2 = t 2 x = 1 t 2 dx = t dt 1 t 2
x dx = 1 x2
1 t 2 2
t
t dt = 1 t 2
1 dt = t + k = 1 x
+k
Pgina 336
1. Calcula:
2. Calcula:
x ( 1 + x
2
dx =
1 x2 arc tg x 2 2
(1 1 +1 x
dx =
Pgina 337
1. Calcula:
3x 2 5x + 1 dx x4
3x 2 5x + 1 dx = x4
(3x + 7 + ( 2 x
3
29 3x 2 dx = + 7x + 29 ln |x 4| + k x4 2
2. Calcula:
3x 2 5x + 1 dx 2x + 1 13 17/4 + dx = 4 2x + 1
3x 2 5x + 1 dx = 2x + 1
3 x2 13 17 13 17 3x 2 x ln |2x + 1| + k = x ln |2x + 1| + k 2 4 8 4 8 2 4
Pgina 340
3. Calcula: a) 5x 3 dx x x
3
b)
x 2 2x + 6 dx (x 1)3
a) Descomponemos la fraccin: 5x 3 A B C 5x 3 = = + + x (x 1)(x + 1) x x1 x+1 x3 x 5x 3 = A (x 1)(x + 1) + Bx (x + 1) + Cx (x 1) x (x 1)(x + 1) x3 x 5x 3 = A (x 1)(x + 1) + Bx (x + 1) + Cx (x 1) Hallamos A, B y C dando a x los valores 0, 1 y 1: x=0 x=1 x = 1 3 = A 2 = 2B 8 = 2C A=3 B=1 C = 4
5x 3 dx = x ( x x
3
b) Descomponemos la fraccin:
2 x 2 2x + 6 A B C = + + = A (x 1) + B (x 1) + C 3 x1 (x 1) (x 1)3 (x 1)2 (x 1)3
x 2 2x + 6 = A (x 1)2 + B (x 1) + C Dando a x los valores 1, 0 y 2, queda: x=1 x=0 x=2 Por tanto: 5=C 6 = A B+C 6 = A+ B+C A=1 B=0 C=5
4. Calcula: a)
x 2 2x + 6 dx = (x 1)3
( x 1
1
x 3 + 22x 2 12x + 8 dx x 4 4x 2
b)
x 3 4x 2 + 4x dx x 4 2x 3 4x 2 + 8x
a) x 4 4x 2 = x 2 (x 2 4) = x 2 (x 2)(x + 2) Descomponemos la fraccin: x 3 + 22x 2 12x + 8 A C D = + B + + 2 x x 2 x +2 x 2 (x 2)(x + 2) x x 3 + 22x 2 12x + 8 = x 2 (x 2)(x + 2) = Ax (x 2)(x + 2) + B (x 2)(x + 2) + Cx 2 (x + 2) + Dx 2 (x 2) x 2 (x 2)(x + 2)
x 3 + 22x 2 12x + 8 = Ax (x 2)(x + 2) + B (x 2)(x + 2) + Cx 2 (x + 2) + Dx 2 (x 2) Hallamos A, B, C y D dando a x los valores 0, 2, 2 y 1: x x x x Por tanto: = = = = 0 2 2 1 8 = 4B B = 2 80 = 16C C=5 112 = 16D D = 7 19 = 3A 3B + 3C D A=3
3A = 9
x 3 + 22x 2 12x + 8 dx = x 4 4x 2
( x
x 3 4x 2 + 4x x (x 2)2 1 = = 4 3 2 2 x + 2 x (x 2) (x + 2) x 2x 4x + 8x
x 3 4x 2 + 4x dx = 2x 3 4x 2 + 8x
x + 2 dx = ln|x + 2| + k
1
(4x
5x + 7) dx
b)
x
dx
5 5
c)
2x + 7 dx
1
d)
(x sen x) dx
a)
(4x 2 5x + 7) dx = dx = x
5
b)
x 1/5 dx =
c)
2x + 7 dx = 2 ln|2x + 7| + k
1 1
d) (x sen x ) dx = 2
x2 + cox x + k 2
(x + 4x) (x c) 3x dx
a)
2
1) dx
(x 1) dx d) (sen x + e ) dx
b)
3 x
a)
(x
+ 4x ) (x 2 1) dx =
(x
+ 4x 3 x 2 4x) dx =
x5 x3 + x4 2x 2 + k 5 3
b) (x 1)3 dx =
(x 1)4 +k 4
1/2
c)
3x dx = 3 x
d) (sen x + e x ) dx = cos x + e x + k 3 S
dx
b)
sen (x 4) dx
1/3
c)
cos
7
2
dx
d)
(e
+ 3e x ) dx
a)
dx =
1 2
3
dx =
+k
b) sen (x 4) dx = cos (x 4) + k
c)
cos
7
2
dx = 7 tg x + k
d) (e x + 3e x ) dx = e x 3e x + k 4 S
x dx
2 2
b)
x1
dx
c)
x + x dx x2
d)
1+x
3
dx
a)
x dx = 2 ln|x| + k
9
b)
x1
dx
= ln|x 1| + k
c)
x + x dx = x2 3
(x
+ x 3/2 dx = ln|x|
+k
d)
1+x x4
dx
dx = 3 arc tg x + k
(x 4)
dx
c)
(x 4) dx
2
d)
(x 4)
dx
a)
x4
dx dx
b)
(x 4)
c)
(x 4) dx =
2
d)
dx = (x 4)3
e e e
x4
dx
b)
2x + 9
dx
c)
5x
dx
d)
(3
x 3) dx
a)
x4
dx = e x 4 + k 1 2
b) e 2x + 9 dx =
5x
2e
5x
2x + 9
dx =
1 2x + 9 e +k 2
c)
dx =
1 5
5e
dx =
1 5x e +k 5
d) (3x x 3) dx =
3x x4 +k ln 3 4
4+x
dx dx
b) 1/4
3+x
2
4 dx
2
c) 1 2 1/2
4x
2
5 dx 2+1
d)
1 + 9x
2 dx
a)
4 + x = 1 + (x/2)
2
dx =
1 + (x/2)
dx =
1 x arc tg +k 2 2
( )
10
b)
4 dx = 3 + x2
4/3 4 3 2 dx = 3 1 + (x / 3 )
1/ 3 x 4 3 +k 2 dx = 3 arc tg 1 + (x / 3 ) 3
( )
c)
4x
5 dx = 5 2 + 1 2 2 dx = 2 3
(2x)
d)
1 + 9x
1 + (3x)
Expresa las siguientes integrales de la forma: dividendo resto = cociente + divisor divisor y resulvelas: a)
b)
x 2 + 2x + 4 dx x+1
c)
x 3 3x 2 + x 1 dx x2
a)
( (
x6+
b)
x+1+
c)
x 3 3x 2 + x 1 dx = x2 =
(x
x3 x2 x 3 ln|x 2| + k 3 2
Halla estas integrales sabiendo que son del tipo arco seno: ex dx dx a) b) c) dx d) 1 e 2x 1 4x 2 4 x2
x 1 (ln x)
dx
a)
1 4x
dx dx
2
1 2
1 (2x)
2 dx 1/2 dx
2
b)
4 x = 1 (x/2)
ex dx = 1 e 2x dx
= arc sen
( )
x +k 2
c)
d)
x 1 (ln x) = 1 (ln x)
2
11
10
f
a) a)
n (x)
f ' (x): x dx b)
2x e
x2
dx
c)
(x
x dx 2 + 3)5
d)
x ln
1
x dx
x dx =
2
sen 4 x +k 4
b) 2x e x dx = e x + k
c)
(x
1 x dx = 2 + 3)5 2
2x (x
+ 3)5 dx =
1 (x 2 + 3) 4 1 +k= +k 2 4 8 (x 2 + 3)4
d)
1 3 ln 4|x| ln x dx = +k x 4
PARA RESOLVER
11 Resuelve las siguientes integrales: a)
x x
e x dx e x dx =
5
b) 1 5
x sen x
e x dx =
2
5
dx
c)
9 x
dx
d)
x dx 2+5
a)
5x
1 2
1 x5 e +k 5 1 cos x 2 + k 2
b) x sen x 2 dx = dx
2x sen x
1/3 dx
2
dx =
c)
9 x = 1 (x/3)
2
= arc sen
( )
x +k 3
d)
x dx = x2 + 5 + k 2 + 5
Pgina 350
12 Resuelve las siguientes integrales: a)
sen x cos x dx
sen x cos x dx =
b)
sen x dx cos 5 x
c)
(x + 3)
dx
d)
2 6x
3x
dx
a)
sen 2 x +k 2
12
b)
1 4
c)
(x + 3)5/2 dx = 12x
d)
2 6x x x
2
2 6x
dx =
13
arc sen x dx 1 x2
3
(1 + ln x )2 dx x
2
(1 + cos x)
sen x dx
2
a)
2x (x 1) dx = 1 2 =
2x (2x 2) dx = 1 2
(x
2x)1/2 (2x 2) dx =
b)
arc sen x 1 x2
2 dx = arc sen x + k 2
c)
(1 + ln x )2 dx = x
(1 + ln x)
=
1 (1 + ln|x|)3 dx = +k x 3
d)
2 (1 + cos x)5 +k 5
14 S
x ln x dx cos (ln x) dx x ln x dx
b) f)
e x
x cos
x dx
c) g)
sen x dx
d) h)
e 2x dx
2
ln x dx
arc tg x dx
(x + 1)
e x dx
a)
1 u = ln x du = dx x x2 dv = x dx v = 2
x ln x dx =
x2 ln x 2
2 dx =
x
x2 x2 ln|x| +k 2 4
13
cos x dx = e x sen x
sen x dx I1
e
x
cos x dx
cos x dx
c)
sen x dx = x 2 cos x +
2x cos x dx = x
cos x + 2 x cos x dx I1
d) x 2 e 2x dx u = x 2 du = 2x dx 1 dv = e 2x dx v = e 2x 2
14
e 2x dx =
x 2 2x e 2
x e
2x
dx
u = x du = dx 1 1 1 2x 2x dx v = dv = e e 1 1 2 I1 = Por tanto: x 2x e 2
I1
2e
1
2x
dx =
x 2x 1 2x e e 2 4
x 2 e 2x dx =
x 1 2x x 2 2x x 2x 1 2x x2 e e + e +k= + e +k 2 4 2 4 2 2
e)
cos (ln x) dx
cos (ln x) dx
cos (ln x) dx = x cos (ln x) + x sen (ln x) cos (ln x) dx 2 cos (ln x) dx = x cos (ln x) + x sen (ln x) x cos (ln x) + x sen (ln x) +k cos (ln x) dx = 2
f)
ln x dx 1 u = ln x du = dx x x3 dv = x 2 dx v = 2
x 2 ln x dx =
x 3 ln x 3
x2 x 3 ln x x3 dx = +k 3 3 9
15
g)
arc tg x dx
1 dx u = arc tg x du = 1 + x2 dv = dx v = x 1
2
arc tg x = x arc tg x 1 + x
= x arc tg x h) (x + 1)2 e x dx
dx = x arc tg x
1 2
1+x
2x
dx =
1 ln (1 + x 2 ) + k 2
u = (x + 1)2 du = 2(x + 1) dx x x dv = e dx v = e
(x + 1)
e x dx = (x + 1)2 e x 2 (x + 1) e x dx I1
dx = (x + 1) e x e x = (x + 1 1) e x = x e x
(x + 1)
15 Calcula cos 4 x =
e x dx = (x + 1)2 e x 2x e x + k = = (x 2 + 2x + 1 2x) e x + k = (x 2 + 1) e x + k
cos
1 cos 2x + 2 2
1 cos 2x + 2 2
1 cos 2x cos 2 2x + + = 4 2 4
1 1 + 4 4
1 cos 4x + 2 2
cos 2x = 2
Por tanto:
cos
x dx =
( 8
3
cos 4x cos 2x + 8 2
dx =
3 sen 4x sen 2x x+ + +k 8 32 2
16
16
Determina el valor de las integrales propuestas en los ejercicios siguientes utilizando la frmula de integracin por partes: a)
x x
e 3x dx e 3x dx
b)
x dx
x
c)
3x cos x dx
d)
sen x dx
a)
u = x 2 du = 2x dx 1 dv = e 3x dx v = e 3x 3
e 3x dx =
x 2 3x 2 e 3 3
x e
3x
dx
u = x du = dx 1 1 1 3x 3x dx v = dv = e e 1 1 3 I1 = Por tanto: x 3x 1 e 3 3
I1
3x
dx =
x 3x 1 3x e e 3 9
b)
x 2 e 3x dx =
2 3x 2x 2 x 2 3x 2x 3x x2 e e + e +k= + e 3x + k 9 27 9 27 3 3
x dx =
x
x e
dx
u = x du = dx x x dv = e dx v = e
e
c)
x dx = x e x +
x
dx = x e x e x + k = x 1 + k = x 1 + k ex ex ex
3x cos x dx
u = 3x du = 3 dx dv = cos x dx v = sen x
17
u1 = x 2 du1 = 2x dx dv1 = cos x dx v1 = sen x I1 = x 2 sen x 2 x sen x dx I2 u2 = x du2 = dx dv2 = sen x dx v2 = cos x I2 = x cos x +
x
17 a)
x 2 x 2
dx
b)
arc cos x dx
c)
x cos 3x dx
d)
e x dx
a)
dx
u = x du = dx 2 x dv = 2 x dx v = ln 2 x 2 x dx = = x 2 x + ln 2
1 2 x x 2 x dx = + ln 2 ln 2 ln 2
dx =
x x 2 x 2 +k ln 2 (ln 2)2
dx = x arc cos x 1 x 2 + k
18
c)
x cos 3x dx
u = x du = dx 1 dv = cos 3x dx v = sen 3x 3 x 1 x 1
x 2 e x dx dv
u = x 3 du = 3x 2 dx 3 3 1 dv = x 2 e x dx v = e x 3
}
u
x 5 e x dx =
x 3 x 3 e + 3
x 2 e x dx =
x 3 x 3 1 x 3 e e +k= 3 3
( x 3 1) x 3 e +k 3
18
sen
x dx aplican-
Vamos a obtenerla, ahora, mediante la integracin por partes, haciendo: u = sen x du = cos x dx dv = sen x dx v = cos x
sen
x dx = sen x cos x +
cos
x dx
Si con esta nueva integral procedemos como con la anterior, llegaramos a una identidad intil (se nos va todo). Comprubalo. Sin embargo, si hacemos cos 2 x = 1 sen 2 x, se resuelve con facilidad. Termina la integral. Si aplicramos el mtodo de integracin por partes a la integral dramos que: u = cos x du = sen x dx dv = cos x dx v = sen x Por tanto, quedara:
cos
x dx, ten-
sen
sen
x dx
19
sen
x dx = sen x cos x +
x dx
sen
19
x dx =
x + 2 dx 2+1
b) d)
(x
1 dx 1)2
2x 2 + 7x 1 dx x3 + x2 x 1 x + 2 dx = 1 2 + 1 2
2x 2 + 5x 1 dx x 3 + x 2 2x
a)
2x dx + +1
1 2 dx = ln (x 2 + 1) + 2 arc tg x + k 2 +1
b)
(x
(x
1 = A(x 1)(x + 1)2 + B (x + 1)2 + C (x + 1)(x 1)2 + D (x 1)2 Calculamos A, B, C y D, dando a x los valores 1, 1, 0 y 2: x x x x = = = = 1 1 0 2 1 1 1 1 = 4B B = 1/4 = 4D C = 1/4 = A + B + C + D 1/2 = A + C = 9A + 9B + 3C + D 3/2 = 9A + 3C 1/2 = 3A + C A = 1/4 B = 1/4 C = 1/4 D = 1/4 dx =
(x
1 dx = 1)2 =
(x 1) dx + (x 1)
1/4 1/4
dx +
(x + 1) dx + (x + 1)
1/4 1/4
20
[ [
c)
2x 2 + 7x 1 dx = x3 + x2 x 1
(x 1)(x + 1)
2x 2 + 7x 1
dx
Descomponemos en fracciones simples: 2x 2 + 7x 1 = A + B + C x1 x+1 (x 1)(x + 1)2 x + 12 2x 2 + 7x 1 = A(x + 1)2 + B (x 1)(x + 1) + C (x 1) (x 1)(x + 1)2 (x 1)(x + 1)2 2x 2 + 7x 1 = A(x + 1)2 + B (x 1)(x + 1) + C (x 1) Hallamos A, B y C : x=1 x = 1 x=0 Por tanto: 8 = 4A 6 = 2C 1 = A B C A=2 C=3 B=0
d)
2x 2 + 7x 1 dx = x3 + x2 x 1
x 1 dx + (x + 1)
2 3
dx = 2 ln|x 1|
3 +k x+1
2x 2 + 5x 1 dx = x 3 + x 2 2x
2x 2 + 5x 1 dx x (x 1)(x + 2)
Descomponemos en fracciones simples: 2x 2 + 5x 1 = A + B + C x x1 x+2 x (x 1)(x + 2) 2x 2 + 5x 1 = A(x 1)(x + 2) + Bx (x + 2) + Cx (x 1) x (x 1)(x + 2) x (x 1)(x + 2) 2x 2 + 5x 1 = A(x 1)(x + 2) + Bx (x + 2) + Cx (x 1) Hallamos A, B y C : x=0 x=1 x = 2 1 = 2A 6 = 3B 3 = 6C A = 1/2 B=2 C = 1/2
21
Por tanto:
x
=
2x 2 + 5x 1 dx = 3 + x 2 2x
1/2 dx + x
x 1 dx + x + 2 dx =
2 1/2
+k
20
(x 1) (x 1)
2x 4 dx 2 (x + 3) 1
2
b) d)
(x 2) (x + 5) dx
2x + 3
(x 1) (x + 3)
dx
3x 2 dx 24
a)
2x 4 dx 2 (x + 3)
2x 4 = A(x 1)(x + 3) + B (x + 3) + C (x 1)2 Hallamos A, B y C : x=1 x = 3 x=0 Por tanto: 2 = 4B 10 = 16C 4 = 3A + 3B + C B = 1/2 C = 5/8 A = 5/8
(x 1)
=
2x 4 dx = 2 (x + 3)
x 1 dx + (x 1)
5/8 1/2
dx +
x + 3 dx =
5/8
b)
(x 2) (x + 5) dx
Descomponemos en fracciones simples: 2x + 3 A B A(x + 5) + B (x 2) = + = (x 2) (x + 5) x2 x+5 (x 2) (x + 5) 2x + 3 = A(x + 5) + B (x 2)
22
(x 2) (x + 5) dx = x 2 dx + x + 5 dx =
2x + 3 1 1 = ln|x 2| + ln|x + 5| + k = ln|(x 2)(x + 5)| + k c)
(x 1) (x + 3)
1
dx
1 = A(x + 3)2 + B (x 1)(x + 3) + C (x 1) Hallamos A, B y C : x=1 x = 3 x=0 Por tanto: 1 = 16A 1 = 4C 1 = 9A 3B C A = 1/16 C = 1/4 B = 1/16
(x 1) (x + 3)
1
dx =
x 1 dx + x + 3
1/16
1/16
dx +
(x + 3)
1/4
dx =
d)
3x 2 dx = 2 4
(x 2) (x + 2) dx
3x 2
23
x
Pgina 351
21 S Calcula: a) c)
3x 2 dx = 2 4
x 2 dx + x + 2 dx =
1 2
x x
dx x2
b) d)
x x
x 4 + 2x 6 dx 3 + x 2 2x
3
5x 2 dx x 3 3x 2 + 3x 1 dx = x2
2x 3 dx 2x 2 9x + 18
a)
(x + 1) (x 2)
dx
Descomponemos en fracciones simples: 1 A B A(x 2) + B (x + 1) = + = (x + 1) (x 2) x+1 x2 (x + 1) (x 2) 1 = A(x 2) + B (x + 1) Hallamos A y B: x = 1 x=2 Por tanto: 1 = 3A 1 = 3B A = 1/3 B = 1/3
x x
dx dx = x2 =
x + 1 dx + x 2 dx =
1/3 1/3 1 1 1 x2 +k ln|x + 1| + ln|x 2| + k = ln 3 3 3 x+1 3x 2 6
b)
x 4 + 2x 6 dx = 3 + x 2 2x
(x 1 + x (x 1)(x + 2) ) dx
24
A(x 1)(x + 2) + Bx (x + 2) + C x (x 1) 3x 2 6 = x (x 1)(x + 2) x (x 1)(x + 2) 3x 2 6 = A(x 1)(x + 2) + Bx (x + 2) + C x (x 1) Hallamos A, B y C : x=0 x=1 x = 2 Por tanto: 6 = 2A 3 = 3B 6 = 6C A=3 B = 1 C=1
x 4 + 2x 6 dx = x 3 + x 2 2x =
(x 1 + x
x2 x + ln 2
1 1 + dx = x1 x+2
x 3 (x + 2) x1
+k
c)
x3
5x 2 dx = 3x 2 + 3x 1
5x 2 dx (x 1)3
5x 2 = A(x 1)2 + B (x 1) + C Hallamos A, B y C : x=1 x=2 x=0 Por tanto: 5=C 20 = A + B + C 0 = AB+C A=5 B = 10 C=5
x x
5x 2 dx = 3x 2 + 3x 1
( x 1 +
5
10 5 + (x 1)2 (x 1)3
dx =
= 5 ln|x 1| 2x 3 dx = 2x 2 9x + 18 2x 3
10 5 +k x1 2 (x 1)2
d)
(x 2) (x 3) (x + 3) dx
25
A(x 3)(x + 3) + B (x 2)(x + 3) + C (x 2)(x 3) 2x 3 = (x 2)(x 3)(x + 3) (x 2) (x 3) (x + 3) 2x 3 = A(x 3)(x + 3) + B (x 2)(x + 3) + C (x 2)(x 3) Hallamos A, B y C : x=2 x=3 x = 3 Por tanto: 1 = 5A 3 = 6B 9 = 30C A = 1/5 B = 1/2 C = 3/10
x
=
2x 3 dx = 2x 2 9x + 18
( x 2 + x 3 +
1/5 1/2
3/10 dx = x+3
22
ln x dx x 1 + ex dx ex + x arc tg x dx 1 + x2 ln x dx = x 1 sen x
b) e) h)
x + cos x dx
1 sen x
c) f)
x ln x dx
1
2x 3 dx x+2
cos
a)
ln x dx =
ln 2|x| +k 2
b)
c)
d)
e)
( )
( )
f)
(2
26
g)
arc tg x dx = 1 + x2
1+x
1
arc tg x dx =
arc tg 2 x +k 2
h)
cos
23
x
2
dx
b)
ln (x 3) dx (ln x) dx
2
c)
ln x
x
x
dx
d)
ln (x
+ 1) dx
e)
f)
cos e x dx
g)
1 dx 1 x2 sen x
h)
(1 x)2 dx 1+x
a)
dx = 2
2 x
1
(sen x ) dx = 2 cos ( x ) + k
b) ln (x 3) dx 1 u = ln (x 3) du = dx x 3 dv = dx v = x
ln (x 3) dx = x ln|x 3| x 3 dx = x ln|x 3| 1 + x 3 dx =
x 3 = x ln|x 3| x 3 ln|x 3| + k = (x 3) ln|x 3| x + k
c)
ln x
dx
1 1 1 u = ln x du = = dx x 2 x 2x 1 v = dx dv = 2 x x
ln x dx = 2 x ln x x
2 x dx = 2 x ln x 2x
x dx =
1
= 2 x ln x 2 x + k = 2 x (ln x 1) + k
27
d) ln (x 2 + 1) dx 2x dx u = ln (x 2 + 1) du = x2 + 1 dv = dx v = x
ln (x (ln x)
+ 1) dx = x ln (x 2 + 1)
2x 2 dx = +1
= x ln (x 2 + 1)
(2
x2
2 dx = x ln (x 2 + 1) 2x + 2 arc tg x + k +1
e)
dx
1 u = (ln x )2 du = 2 (ln x ) dx x dv = dx v = x
2
(ln x)
f)
cos e x dx = sen e x + k 1
g)
1x
dx =
(x + 1) (x 1)
1
dx
Descomponemos en fracciones simples: 1 A B A(x 1) + B (x + 1) = + = (x + 1) (x 1) x+1 x1 (x + 1) (x 1) Hallamos A y B: x = 1 x=1 Por tanto: 1 = 2A 1 = 2B A = 1/2 B = 1/2
1x
1
dx =
( x + 1 + x 1 ) dx =
1/2 1/2 1 1 ln|x + 1| + ln|x 1| + k = ln 2 2 +k
h)
(1 x)2 dx = 1+x
x 2 2x + 1 dx = x+1
(x 3 + x + 1 ) dx =
4
2 = x 3x + 4 ln|x + 1| + k 2
28
24 S
Resuelve: a)
1+e
1
dx
b)
9 x
x+3
dx
a)
1 dx = 1 + ex x+3
1 + ex ex dx = 1 + ex
ex 1 + ex
= x ln (1 + e x ) + k
b)
9 x
dx =
9 x
x
dx +
9 x
3 1/3
2
dx = x dx = 9 x 2 + 3 arc sen +k 3
= 9 x2 + 3
1 (x/3) x x
dx
4
( )
25
x x + 1 dx
1 dx
b)
c)
x + 1 dx
x
d)
e)
x + x dx
1
f)
x
1+x
dx
a) Haz x + 1 = t 2. b) Haz x = t 4.
a)
x x + 1 dx
Cambio: x + 2 = t 2 dx = 2t dt
x x + 1 dx = =
(t 2 1) t 2t dt =
(2t 4 2t 2 ) dt =
2t 5 2t 3 +k= 5 3
2 (x + 1)5 2 (x + 1)3 +k 5 3
b)
x x
dx
4
Cambio: x = t 4 dx = 4t 3 dt
dx = 4 x x =
4t 3 dt = t4 t
4t 2 dt = 4 3 t3 1
3t 2 dt = 4 ln|t 3 1| + k = 3 t3 1
4 |4 ln x 3 1| + k 3
29
c)
x + 1 dx
x Cambio: x + 1 = t 2 dx = 2t dt
x dx = x + 1 = 1
(t 2 1) 2t dt = t
(2t 2 2) dt =
2t 3 2t + k = 3
2 (x + 1)3 2 x + 1 + k 3
d)
dx
Cambio: x + 1 = t 2 dx = 2t dt 1 dx =
(t
2t dt = 1) t
(t + 1) (t 1)
2 dt
Descomponemos en fracciones simples: 2 A B A(t 1) + B (t + 1) = + = (t + 1) (t 1) t+1 t1 (t + 1) (t 1) 2 = A(t 1) + B (t + 1) Hallamos A y B: t = 1 t=1 Por tanto: 2 = 2A 2 = 2B A = 1 B=1
(t + 1) (t 1) = ( t + 1 + t 1 ) dt = ln|t + 1| + ln|t 1| + k =
2 dt 1 1 = ln
t + 1 + k
t1
As:
e)
dx = ln
x + 1 1
+k
x + x
1
dx
Cambio: x = t 2 dx = 2t dt
x + x
1
dx =
2t dt = 2 + t
t + 1 = 2 ln|t + 1| + k =
2 dt
= 2 ln ( x + 1) + k
30
f)
x dx 1+x
Cambio: x = t 2 dx = 2t dt
26
x
1+x
dx =
t 2t dt = 1 + t2
1 + t = (2 1 + t
2t 2 dt 2
2
dt =
9 4x 9 4x
dx
b)
2x
dx 3e x
c)
e 3x e x dx e 2x + 1
d)
1 + x dx
1
a)
dx 2x 3 dx = x= 3 3 sen t dx = cos t dt 2 2 9
2
Cambio: sen t =
9 4x
= 9 2
sen 9 4 4 9 2
t 3 cos t dt = 2
3 cos t 2 cos t dt =
3
cos
t dt =
( 2
1
cos 2t 9 1 1 dt = t+ sen 2t + k = 2 2 2 4
) ( ( )
9 2x x 9 4x 2 arc sen + +k 4 3 2
( ) ( )
4x 2 1 +k= 9
b)
e 2x
dx 3e x 1 dt t 1 dt = 3t 2
Cambio: e x = t x = ln t dx =
dx = e 2x 3e x
1/t dt = 3t
t (t 3) dt
1
2
1 = At (t 3) + B (t 3) + C t 2
31
t (t 3) dt = (
=
1/9 + t
1/3 t2
1/9 t3
dt =
1 1 1 ln|t | + + ln|t 3| + k 9 3t 9
Por tanto:
c)
e 2x
dx 1 1 = ln e x + 1 + ln|e x 3| + k = 3e x 9 9 3e x = 1 1 x+ 1 + ln|e x 3| + k x 9 9 3e
e 3x e x dx e 2x + 1 1 dt t
Cambio: e x = t x = ln t dx =
d) 1
e 3x e x dx = e 2x + 1
t 3 t 1 dt = 2 + 1 t
t 2 1 dt = 2 + 1
(1 t
2 dt = +1
= t 2 arc tg t + k = e x 2 arc tg (e x ) + k
1 + x
dx
Cambio: x = t 2 dx = 2t dt
1 + x
1 27 S
dx =
1 + t = (2 1 + t ) dt = 2t 2 ln|1 + t| + k =
2t dt 2 1 que se anula para x = 0. 1 + 3x 3 dx = 1 ln|1 + 3x| + k 3
= 2 x 2 ln (1 + x ) + k
F (x) =
1 + 3x
1
dx =
1 3
1 + 3x
32
28
1 dx = 1 + k 2 x
De todas las primitivas de la funcin y = 4x 6, cul de ellas toma el valor 4 para x = 1? F (x) =
(4x 6) dx = 2x
6x + k
F (1) = 2 6 + k = 4 k = 8 Por tanto: F (x) = 2x 2 6x + 8 30 Halla f (x) sabiendo que f '' (x) = 6x, f ' (0) = 1 y f (2) = 5. f ' (x) =
6x dx = 3x (3x
2
+c f ' (x) = 3x 2 + 1
+ 1) dx = x 3 + x + k
1 e
ex
dx
b)
1 dx
a) Haz e x = t. b) Haz e x 1 = t.
a)
1 e
ex
dx x 2 = ln t dx = dt 2 t 2t dt 2
Cambio: e x = t e x/2 = t
ex = 1 e x
t 2 (2/t ) dt = 1t
1 t = (2 + 1 t ) dt =
33
= 2t 2 ln|1 t| + k = 2 e x 2 ln|1 e x | + k
b)
1 dx 2t dt t2 + 1
Cambio: e x 1 = t e x = t 2 + 1 x = ln (t 2 + 1) dx =
e
32 Calcula
1 dx =
t t
2t dt = +1
2t 2 dt = +1
(2 t
2 dt = +1
= 2t 2 arc tg t + k = 2 e x 1 2 arc tg e x 1 + k
sen 2 x dx = 1 + cos x =
(1 cos x) dx = x sen x + k
Pgina 352
33 S Encuentra una primitiva de la funcin: f (x) = x 2 sen x cuyo valor para x = sea 4. F (x) =
sen x dx
Integramos por partes: u = x 2 du = 2 x dx dv = sen x dx v = cos x F (x) = x 2 cos x + 2 x cos x dx I1 u1 = x du1 = dx dv1 = cos x dx v1 = sen x I1 = x sen x Por tanto: F (x) = x 2 cos x + 2 x sen x + 2 cos x + k F () = 2 2 + k = 4 k = 6 2 F (x) = x 2 cos x + 2 x sen x + 2 cos x + 6 2
Unidad 12. Clculo de primitivas
34