.

.



.
Greenberg 1955; 1963
.
.

.


.

- .


.


.
-
-
- .
-
.

 .
-
. -
-
:
.

- -
.
-
.

.

.
.
:
Greenberg
.1963: 85
-

.


.

.

.
Macmichael 1922

. Herzog 1957

500 .
Murdock 1959: 158


) (

- .
Arkell 1961: 174
300 .



.

Zyhlarz 1928



)(
. Crowfoot 1925
Shinnie 1955 Kirwan 1939: 42

)( .

Millet 1964
.

. .
.

- .
-
-
.
-
.

Wyatt MacGaffey 1961

 .

300 .

.
.

.


.
.


- -
200 860 .

.

""
2.500
.
-
- .



.
.

-
" .



400" Trigger

.1965

.
) (Strabo, XVII, 1, 2
200. .

.
Arkell 1961:
* 177 Pliny, VI: XXXV


. Ptolemy, IV: 748-83 150
.

.Arkell 1961: 173
.



Trigger 1965:
.134-35


.

.

.

- .

.


) -
-( .
Arkell 1961: 172-173


) (
..

.


.

.
Griffith 1909; id. 1911
Lepsius 1852; id. 1880

.

.

.Griffith 1916: 123
Meinhof
1920 Zyhlarz 1930; id. 1956
.
Olderogge and
Potechin 1954 .
Hintze
1955 .

 .



.** Trigger 1964

.

.

.


.



.
.

.


.

.

Murdock 1959: 158

Bentley and Crowfoot 1924 Adams 1964: 169-
170
.
Adams Op.Cit Kronenberg
1962 .Murdock Op.Cit
) (
.

.


.


.

.

:

.

200 500

. -
- .


.

:
*

.
- - ).(178 .
**
-
- .

Adams W.Y. 1964, 'An Introductory Classification of

Meroitic Pottery', Kush, vol. 12

Arkell A.J. 1961, A History of the Sudan from Earliest

Times to 1821, London
Bentley O. and J.W.Crowfoot 1924, 'Nuba Pots in
Gordon College', Sudan Notes and Records, vol. 7
Crowfoot J.W. 1925, 'Further Notes on Pottery', Sudan
.Notes and Records, vol. 8
Greenberg J.H. 1955, Studies in African Linguistic
.Classification, Brandford
Greenberg J.H. 1963, 'The Languages of Africa',
International Journal of American Linguistics, vol,
.XXIX, 1
Griffith F.LI. 1909, 'Meroitic Inscriptions', In: D.R.
MacIver and C.L. Woolley, Areika, Philadelphia
Griffith F.LI. 1911, Karanog. The Meroitic Inscriptions
of Shablul and Karanog, Philadelphia
Griffith F.LI. 1916, 'Meroitic Studies', Journal of
Egyptian Archaeology, vol. 3
Herzog R. 1957, Die Nubier, Berlin
Hillelson S. 1930, 'Nubian Origins', Sudan Notes and
Records, vol. 13
Hintze F. 1955, Die Sprachliche des Meroitischen.
Africanistische Studien, Berlin
Kirwan L.P. 1939, The Oxford University Excavations
at Firka, Oxford
Kronenberg A. 1962, 'The thumb-ring: a modern
parallel to a Meroitic object', Kush, vol. 10
Lepsius R. 1852, Briefe aus Ägypten,
Äthiopien und Sinai

Lepsius R. 1880, Nubische Grammatik

MacGaffey W. 1961 , 'The history of Negro migrations
in the Sudan', SWest Journal of Anthropology, vol. 17
MacMichael H.A. 1922, A History of the Arabs in the
Sudan, 2 vols., Cambridge
Meinhof C. 1920, 'Die Sprache von Meroe', Zeitschrift
Eingeborenensprachen, 12
Murdock G.P. 1959, Africa: Its peoples and their
culture history, New York
Olderogge D.A. and J.I.Potechin 1954, Narodov Afriki,
.Moscow
Shinnie P.L. 1955, 'The Fall of Meroe', Kush, vol. 3
Trigger B.G. 1964, 'Meroitic and Eastern Sudanic: a
linguistic relationship?', Kush, vol. 12
Trigger G.B. 1965, History and Settlement in Lower
Nubia, (Yale University Publications in Anthropology,
( 69
Zyhlarz E. 1928, 'Die stellung des Darfur-Nubischen',
Wiener Zeitschrift fur die Kunde des Morgenlande, Bd
.35
Zyhlarz E. 1930, Das meroitische Sprachproblem',
Anthropos, t. 25
Zyhlarz E. 1956, 'Die Fiktion der "Kuschitischen"
Völker', Kush, vol.4