aa” Pe 4 r ETC N ESL MICO R ArT al Pathogens- DreiCranCiRe)ile Disease Diagnosis: VTC UTM TCO McLane (i Vol. 3 ra SpringerP. Narayanasamy Grand Parade Apartments 32D Thilagar Street, R. S$. Puram Coimbatore 641 002 India pnsamyraj@gmail.com ISBN 978-90-481-9753-8 e-ISBN 978-90-481-9754-5 DOT 10.1007/978-90-48 1-9754-5 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2010938430 © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, ortransmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Cover illustration: Peanut bud necrosis (Volume 3) Infected plants exhibit chlorotic ringspots on the young leaves and they show necrosis of the terminal buds later. The plants may be killed, if they are infected in the early stages of growth, (Courtesy of P. Narayanasamy. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India) Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)Contents Preface. Acknowledgement... 1 Introduction 1.1 Microbial Plant Pathogens as a Major Limiting Factor of Crop Production .. 2 Discovery of Viruses and Viroids as Plant Pathogens 3. Detection of Viral and Viroid Plant Pathogens and Disease Diagnosis... References Detection of Virus and Viroid Pathogens in Plants. 2.1 Detection of Plant Viruses in Plant Organs .... 2.1.1 Plant Virus Taxonomy 2.1.2 Biological Methods 2.1.3. Morphological Characteristics... 2.1.4 Physical and Biochemical Techniques. 2.1.5 Immunoassays. 2.1.6 Nucleic Acid-based Techniques. 2.2 Detection of Viroids in Plant Organs.. 2.2.1 Molecular Characteristics 2.2.2 Biological Methods. 2.2.3. Physico-Chemical Methods 2.24 Immunoassays 2.25 Nucleic Acid-based Techniques. 2.3. Detection of Viral Pathogens in Seeds and Planting Materials 2.3.1 Detection of Viruses in Seeds 2.3.2. Detection of Viruses in Asexually Propagated Planting Materials... eseeu 2.4 Detection of Viroids in Seeds and Planting Materials 2.4.1 Detection of Viroi in Seeds 2.4.2 Detection of Viroids in Propagative Planting Materials vii ix xi