THUYT MINH THIT K K THUT THI CNG PHN IN NH

HNG MC: H THNG MNG MY TNH + IN THOI I - C S LP THIT K K THUT THI CNG 1. C s thit k: - Cn c vo cc yu cu, mc ch ca ch u t, cng nng v tnh cht ca cng trnh; - Cn c vo cc s liu kho st, o c ti hin trng, cc qui chun k thut v cc nh mc lin quan; - Cn c vo cc bn v kin trc mt bng, mt ct ca to nh la chn gii php cng ngh. - Cn c vo bn v thit k c s thit k bn v k thut thi cng. 2. Cc tiu chun p dng: - Quy chun Vit Nam tp I ban hnh theo Quyt nh s 682/BXD-CSXD ngy 14/2/1996 ca B trng B Xy dng; tp II, III ban hnh theo Quyt nh s 439/BXD-CSXD ngy 25/09/1997 ca B trng B Xy dng; - Tiu chun Vit Nam: TCVN 2: 1974; TCVN 3: 1974; TCVN 4: 1993; TCVN 7: 1993; TCVN 8: 1993; TCVN 4058:1985; TCVN 5898:1985; - 68 TCN 132-1994 - Tiu chun k thut cp thng tin; - 68 TCN 140-1995 - Chng qu p qu dng bo v ng dy; - TCN-68-141-1999- Quy phm chng st v tip t cho cc cng trnh vin thng; - Tiu chun Vit Nam : TCXD 223: 1998; TXD 46: 1984; - TIA/EIA - 568A: Ch nh cc yu cu v vic phn chia cc phn on trong h thng cp, loi cp, khong cch cho php... m bo tnh tng thch ca h thng i vi cc sn phm t nhiu nh sn xut; - TIA/EIA - 569: Ch nh v cch i cp, phn b cc cm trong ta nh; - TIA/EIA - 606: Ch nh cc yu cu v qun tr h thng; - TIA/EIA - 607: Ch nh v an ton ni t i vi cc thit b;

- TIA/EIA (Telecommunications Industry Association/ Electronic Industries Alliance); - y ban tiu chun in quc t - IEC - y ban t vn pht thanh, truyn hnh CCIR - Cc chun nn MJPEG II- NI DUNG THIT K K THUT THI CNG: 1. Kin trc cng trnh: D n CI TO M RNG KHOA DINH DNG - BNH VIN BCH MAI l cng trnh ci to gm 4 tng cao trong c cc khu vc khc nhau nh phng n, phng lm vic, phng hi trngnn vic nh hng thit k h thng in nh cho ta nh l mt nhu cu cn thit. 2. Thit k hng mc h thng in nh. * Thit k h thng in nh bao gm h thng mng sau: - H thng mng my tnh + in thoi * H thng in nh c thit k m bo cc yu cu sau: m bo t yu cu k thut t ra cho tng h thng mng ring bit. Vn hnh tt, n nh, c cht lng v tin cy cao. p ng c nhu cu hin ti v trong tng lai. Tin s dng, d bo tr v sa cha. C tnh m cao d nng cp v kt ni trong tng lai. Ho nhp vi v p kin trc v ph hp vi cnh quan chung ca khu nh. - Mng cp tn hiu ca h thng in nh c thit k lun trong ng, mng nha, i ni trn trn gi hay dc trc k thut thng tng, cc cp c th lun ko cp d dng. Vi vic cc h thng u c thit k i ngm s m bo m quan kin trc ca ta nh cng nh m bo an ton ca cc h thng trong vic phng chng chy n. - Cc dy truyn dn c i trong ng PVC un c, c cc hp ni trung gian PVC hnh trn hoc hnh ch nht rt c dy d dng. Trn trn gi cc ng PVC c ghim ni vo trn b tng v lp t cc hp u ni ti cc v tr cn thit m bo vic kim tra thay th d dng i vi tng h thng mng.

- Cc h thng dy cp trc chnh hay tuyn c nhiu d y cp nhnh s c lun trong mng cp PVC i ni pha trn trn gi hoc xuyn tng. T cc mng cp s dng ng PVC tip ni vo cc h thng mng cp, thang cp. III- GII PHP THIT K CC H THNG 1. Tiu ch thit k a, p ng nhng yu cu ca Khoa Dinh Dng - Bnh vin Bch Mai : To nh Khoa Dinh Dng nm trong khun vin Bnh vin Bch Mai l ta nh quy m nh, Theo thit k chc nng cc tng c s dng vi cc mc ch khc nhau, nhng u c cng nng s dng v cn c h thng chuyn mch p ng nhu cu kt ni mng . H thng thng tin lin lc v mng my tnh: H thng thng tin lin lc m bo hiu xut trao i thng tin trong ton b ta nh c ti u ho nht, xy dng mng thoi n tng v tr lm vic ca cn b nhn vin trong bnh vin, gip cho vic truyn t thng tin trong ni b c tit kim chi ph, tn dng ti a ng truyn kt ni khi gi ra mng . b, p ng yu cu kh nng m rng: Gii php thit k m bo khi cn m rng, nng cp tu theo nhu cu v s lng thit b cn thit m khng lm thay i thit k, h thng thit b c. c, p ng yu cu tnh sn sng/tnh tin cy: Vic m bo tnh n nh v tin cy l v cng quan trng vi cc thit b h thng in nh. d, p ng yu cu Module ha: Vic thit k trn c s module ho cc thnh phn trong h thng in nh m bo vic phn tch mt h thng phc tp thnh cc cu phn nh hn, m bo d dng, thun li trong vn hnh, qun l v bo tr cng nh kh nng c lp cc s c. Hn na vi vic thit k theo tng phn h tr vic u t theo tng Module v tng giai on m khng h nh hng ti ton b h thng. 2. Gii php thit k la chn thit b.

H thng thng tin lin lc:

Cng vi s pht trin ca cng ngh, c bit l ca tin trnh s ha, cng

ngh IP cho ra i h thng thng tin lin lc vi cc tnh nng u vit nht. sn sng, tin cy cao, m bo kh nng phc v 24/24. C kh nng nng cp, m rng v quy m v dch v, m bo kh nng khai thc lu di.

C kh nng tng thch v tch hp mm do vi c s h tng cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng

Qun l, khai thc, bo dng, bo tr n gin, chi ph thp. Chi ph u t ban u hp l v c bo ton trong tng lai
in thoi Analog

PSTN

in thoi Analog

02xE1 Modem Tng i IP

in thoi Analog

in thoi Analog

My tnh bo dng t xa
V24 Gi MDF

24 thu bao Digital

My in cc

My tnh

in thoi Digital Optipoin 500

in thoi Digital Optipoin 500

M hnh m phng h thng thng tin lin lc * H thng mng my tnh: i vi mng LAN ca Khoa Dinh Dng - Bnh vin Bch Mai s s dng kt hp hai cng ngh Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet kt hp vi gii php WLAN, UTP s em li cc u im sau: m bo tt nht cc yu cu ra. D dng trong vic qun tr mng qun tr. Gii thng cao, gii quyt c hin trng nghn mch. m bo c bng thng trn mng khi s lng ln cc User truy cp vo cng mt thi im. C cc ng d phng, lm tng tin cy ca mng. Tng kh nng nng cp v m rng cho ton mng. Kh nng bo mt c tng cng.

C nhiu gii php cng ngh c a ra tch hp xy dng cc mng LAN. l cc cng ngh nh: Switching, Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, VLAN... Xu hng hin nay ca cng ngh mng LAN l:
- Chuyn sang cc mng tc cao: t mng Ethernet (di thng 10MBps)

chuyn dn sang Fast Ethernet (di thng 100MBps) v thm ch Giga Ethernet (di thng 1024MBps).
- Chuyn t cc mng s dng chung di thng (sharesd media LAN) sang

cc mng LAN chuyn mch (switched LAN) trong thay v s dng cc hub u dy thng thng ngi ta s dng cc thit b chuyn mch thng minh nh switch m i ng kt ni ti switch c mt di thng dnh ring (dedicate bandwidth). Cn c vo xu hng pht trin ca cng ngh mng LAN v nhu cu kt ni mng, kt qa kho st mng chng ti xut s dng cc cng ngh mng sau: Cng ngh Switching Switching l cng ngh mng tin tin cung cp cho cc my ch v cc trm lm vic ng truyn ring bit (dedicated) 10Mbps hay 100Mbps vi Fast Ethernet ch khng phi ng truyn chia s (Shared) nh mng Ethernet vi cc Hub thng thng. Nh cng ngh Switching m ta thu c mt lot cc u im sau y: Nng cao hiu nng ca ton mng. Tng cng v n nh gii thng cho tng ng truyn, tng trm lm vic trn mng. Cung cp cc ng truyn c tc dnh ring cho tng ngi s dng mng khc nhau. C kh nng phn b cc tc mng trn cc phn on mng khc nhau tu theo mc yu cu v tc ca cc b phn, ngi dng khc nhau. Fast Ethernet

Ngy nay ngy cng nhiu mng LAN cn tc cao p ng s lng ngy cng tng ca nhng ngi dng trn mng v yu cu ngy cng cao v kh nng tnh ton trn mng vi m i ngi dng. c mt s gii php tc cao c p dng thnh cng m rng bng thng ca mng. Trong s phi k n Fast Ethernet ti u nht chun 100Base-Tx, mt cng ngh da trn chun 10Base-T ca LAN cho php nng cp d dng 10Base-T ln tc 100Mbps. 100Base-Tx Fast Ethernet l mt gii php Ethernet thc th cho php khch hng bo v u t i vi nhng phn cng, phn mm v phn management chun 10Base-T mua trc . 100Base-Tx c th cng tn ti vi chun 10Base-T do n cng s dng chung th tc CSMA/CD ca chun Ethernet. Chun Fast Ethernet c h tr bi hu ht cc nh cung cp gii php mng hng u th gii nh 3Com, Intel, SMC, DEC, Bay Networks, Cisco... Cng ngh Gigabit Ethernet Cng ngh Gigabit Ethernet c pht trin t cng ngh truyn thng l 10Mbps Ethernet, 10Base-T, v t 100Mbps Fast Ethernet, 100 Base-TX, 100 Base-FX. Gigabit Ethernet l chun Ethernet cung cp tc 1000Mbps. N s dng cng khun dng khung Ethernet v cng cng ngh Media Access Control nh tt c cc cng ngh Ethernet 802.3 khc. N cng s dng cng cng ngh Ethernet Full-duplex 802.3 v iu khin lung 802.3. Cng ging nh th h trc ca n l Ethernet v Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet l mt cng ngh lp vt l v lp Media Access Control MAC, xc nh lp 2: lp lin kt d liu ca mu giao thc OSI. Kin trc mng cho Gigabit Ethernet tun theo cc qui tc truyn thng ca Ethernet. Ti lp 2, Spanning Tree Protocol c s dng m bo khng mt vng logic no tn ti trong mng, to ra mt kin trc hnh cy c th bc. Gigabit Ethernet c dng xy dng Backbone Gigabit tc cao cho mng LAN theo cu trc mng sao phn tn, hoc ng tc cao cho h thng my ch. Tm li:

Cn c vo xu hng pht trin ca cng ngh mng LAN v nhu cu kt ni mng, chng ti xut s dng cc cng ngh mng sau: S dng cng ngh mng Switched Fast Ethernet (di thng 100MBps) cho cc my trm, my in S dng cc card mng c th hot ng 2 ch 10 v 100 MBps. S dng cp mng UTP Cat5e cho cc ng cp mng n cc user . Topo mng Vic la chn Topo mng s c cn c vo cc yu t sau: M hnh thc a (s phn b ca cc to nh v ln ca chng). Yu cu ca gii php. Theo Topo mng c chn l Topo hnh sao. Vi Topo hnh sao mng c hai m hnh chnh l m hnh mng hnh sao tp trung v m hnh mng hnh sao phn tn:

M hnh mng hnh sao tp trung IV: CC YU CU LP T 1. Yu cu khi lp t h thng . Lp t phi tun th bc sau sau y:

+ Lp t thit b tun theo khuyn ngh ca nh sn xut v theo tnh hnh thc t. + Cc thit b bo v khng c tho b trc khi lp t thit b chuyn mch v gi nguyn cho n khi gn cc thit b vi nhau. + Lp t thit b chc chn m bo m thut v cc cng tc bo tr sau ny. + Kt ni cc dy nhy gia cc thit b chuyn mch phi m bo theo tiu chun lp t cp, quy nh ca nh sn xut, cc dy dn nhy u c nh dy l i v n, dn nhn nh du l theo quy tt D-xxv trong D: ch s l, ; xx: ch s tng; . Hoc c th nh du da vo tnh cht ca cc phng ban m i tng trong ta nh theo quy tt D-xxxx-yy trong D: Nt mng; : tn phng ban; yy : s th t. + Cp s nhm tng b vi nhau, m i b khng vt qua 24 si cp. Khng sp xp cp th ng trong m i b m n nm ngu nhin gip ti thiu hin tng nhiu xuyn tm gia cc si cp. Cp s c b bi dy rt 10 mm hay dy dn mm. Khong cch gia m i im b dy l 300mm + Cp c thi cng khng c b cong qu gii hn quy nh ca nh sn xut. + Tt c cc cp phi c sn xut t nh my, c y cc chng ch v ngun gc v cht lng. 2. Kim tra, o kim h thng. - Tt cc cc thit b sau khi lp t xong phi c kim tra, o kim. Bt k s h hng no xy ra trong qu trnh lp t phi c thay th. - Cc thit b lp t, kim tra xong s c cu hnh, kt ni vi nhau thnh h thng, sau s kim tra hon thin c h thng. 3. Yu cu v th tc, an ton lao ng - n v lp t thit b phi lm y th tc lin quan n mt bng. - n v thi cng phi tun th nghim tc cc quy trnh, quy phm k thut trong khi lp t thit b chuyn mch. - Tuyt i ch trng n cng tc an ton lao ng trong khi lm vic. Nht l lm vic nhng ni c in, khu vc trn caoNu trong qu trnh thi cng pht hin thy cng vic khng c m bo an ton phi tm thi dng vic thi cng, tm phng n khc m bo an ton cho ngi v ti sn.

- Chn phng n thi cng mt cch hp l, m bo tin , khng lm nh hng n kt cu, kin trc ca ton nh v cc thit b hin hu trong to nh. - Mi cng nhn tham gia thi cng phi c hc tp v ph bin cng tc an ton lao ng trc khi ra hin trng thi cng. - Trang b y dng c, phng tin an ton cho cng nhn khi lm vic theo tng cng trnh c th. - Trong qu trnh thi cng phi c ngi theo di, bo v cht ch nhng hng mc cng vic ang thi cng. - Cc vt t khc khi mang s dng trong cng trnh cng phi c kim tra cc tiu chun, cc thng s k thut...Nu bo m tun th theo tiu chun ngnh mi a vo s dng - Phi bo v cnh gii sut thi gian thi cng cng trnh. - Thi cng dt im tng tng, khng thi cng phn tn cc phn d dang cng mt thi im . - Thi cng qua m phi c n bo hiu. 4. Yu cu qun l cht lng, nghim thu - Cc thit b vt t phi c kim tra v cht lng, chng loi trc khi lp t theo ng yu cu ra, km theo giy chng nhn xut x (Certificate of Origin), giy chng nhn cht lng (Certificate of Quality). - Thc hin ch bo hnh ca nh cung cp i vi cc thit b vt t. - Qu trnh thi cng, lp t phi c s gim st trc tip ca ch u t. - Trong qu trnh thi cng nu c s thay i so vi thit k th bn thi cng phi thng bo kp thi vi Ch u t v T vn thit k cng gii quyt. - i vi mt s thit b i hi chuyn mn cao, nh cung cp phi c trch nhim hng dn, o to i ng vn hnh khai thc h thng. - H thng khi a vo hot ng phi c kim tra m i nm t nht mt ln. Khi kim tra phi th ton b cc chc nng ca h thng v phi th s hot ng ca tt c cc thit b. Khi pht hin h hng phi khc phc ngay. 5. un luyn, o to, chuyn giao cng ngh T chc o to, chuyn giao cng ngh nhm hun luyn cho cc nhn vin c ch nh ca ch u t trong giai on trin khai thc hin d n v vn hnh khai thc h thng sau khi kt thc d n. Ni dung o to chuyn giao bao gm: - Giai on 1: o to cho cc cn b trin khai d n:

Tin hnh ngay sau khi nh thu trng thu v k kt hp ng vi ch u t. Thi gian o to t nht l 40 gi l thuyt (khng k thi gian kho st, kim tra ti hin trng). i tng o to l cc nhn vin ca ch u t trc tip trin khai d n, gim st vic cung ng thit b, vt t v lp t ca nh thu. S lng nhn vin o to giai on ny d kin l 04 ngi. Mc ch o to l cung cp cho hc vin y cc kin thc lin quan trc tip n thit b ca nh thu bao gm: cc thng s k thut chi tit ca cc thit b; cc quy trnh, quy nh v lp t, o kim, gim st, nghim thu thit b; cc thng tin v h thng tiu chun k thut, h thng phn phi sn phm, ngun gc, xut x thit b, cc mi lin quan gia hng thit b, hng sn xut, nh phn phi, h thng i lng thi trong ni dung kha o to phi c chng trnh v k hoch cho vic kim tra, kho st hin trng ti cc cng trnh, a im c trang b thit b tng ng vi cng trnh ny ti Vit nam. Ging vin ca kha o to phi l ngi c trnh cao, l ging vin hoc chuyn gia c a nh sn xut hoc hng tch hp h thng. Nu ging vin l ngi nc ngoi th phi c ngi phin dch trong sut kha o to. - Giai on 2: vn hnh, khai thc h thng sau khi kt thc d n: m bo vic o to kt thc trc khi t chc nghim thu. Thi gian o to t nht l 40 gi l thuyt (khng k thi gian thc hnh). i tng o to l cc nhn vin ca ch u t vn hnh, khai thc h thng sau khi kt thc d n. S lng nhn vin o to giai on ny d kin l 04 ngi. Mc ch o to l cung cp cho hc vin y cc kin thc lin quan n vic vn hnh, khai thc h thng v thit b, cc kin thc v bo tr, bo dng thit b, cc ni dung v bo hnh, x l s c. Ging vin ca kha o to phi l ngi c trnh cao, l ging vin hoc chuyn gia ca nh sn xut hoc hng tch hp h thng. Nu ging vin l ngi nc ngoi th phi c ngi phin dch trong sut kha o to.