]<gj]<]<j<^]<]

W
K

? ?? ?
K

W
K

Programmable Logic Controller

K(PLC)

KKKKK
K

K
KKK


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W
WW
K
K

J W

--

K Decimal System

K
Decimal System

EFEF
EF

E FE F
K E F

EKKK F

) = x () + x () + x ()
= x + x + x
= + +

) = x () + x () + x () + x () + x ()
= x + x + x + x + x
= + + + +
--

Binary System
EF
E, F
),

:K( , , , , ,.)
)

K
W)

) = x + x + x

( )

Digital System

( )

K

W()

) = x + x + x + x
= + + + =

) W

) = x + x + x + x + x + x + x + x
= + + + + + + + =

--

: W

27 2

13 2

62

32

1 2

= )

L. S. B

M. S. B

: W

66 2

33 2

16 2

82

42

22

1 2

= )

--

L. S. B

M. S. B

WHexadecimal System

EF
KEFAF

--

W
W

EF

K
W

10100100 1010

&

0100

EF

0100 4)16

1010 A)16

10100100

A 4 ) 16

:
--

1111001111 0011, 1100 & 1111

EF
001 3)16

1111 F)16

1100 C)16

1111001111) 2 3CF)16

K
W
W

192 16

L. S. B

12 16

=C

M. S. B

= C)

W
W

23456 16

1466 16

=A

91 16

=B

5 16

= BA)
--

L. S. B

M. S. B

W
i)

ii)

iii)

K
K

W
i)

ii)

iii)

K
K

W
i)

ii)

iii)

--

K
K


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W
WW
K
K

W
J W

--

Logic Circuits

ON
K

OFF

INPUT

({) OUTPUT

A , B K n n

=
B

= A, B, C
- -

ORE F ANDEF

KNOT

J
AND GATEEF

J J

( )

F K

WEFA,B

F = A.B

(-)

- -

A
B

A
F

&

( )

AND
=
K

( ) ANDEFKTRUTH TABLE
B

AND
A = B = F
K??

? ?

FA,B

F
( )

AND
- -

KONA,B

??

ON

K??( )K

A
B
C

A
B
C

&

_
_

( )

AND
W
C

AND
??
K??
- -

OR GATE??

J J

( )

K A,B F K

W??

F = A + B

(-)

( )
A
B

A
F

>=

( )

OR
B

AND

ONK F
K

? ?

F A,B
ONA,BA,B
- -

F
( )

OR
? ?

( )K
( )EF
A
B
C

A
B
C

>=

_
_
_

( )

OR
C

- -

OR
NOT GATE

J J

( )

WK

(-)

F=A

( )EAFA A
A

F
( )
OR

NOT
A ( )??
FEF
KA

- -

A
F
( )

NOT
J
NAND GATE??

J J

AND??NOT AND

K( ) NOT
( )
A

B
( )
NAND

A
F

B
( )

NOTANDNAND

F A,B NAND
( )F=NOT(A AND B) ( )

K
(-)

F=AB

- -

AND

NAND

( )
NAND

? ?

WNOR GATEEFJ J

OR OR

( )K( )NOT
K( )K( )
A

A
F

( )

( )

NOR

NOTORNOR
(-)

F= NOT(A+B) = A + B

- -

OR

NOR F

( )
NOR

NOR
NORK??

NOT NOT GATE, BUFFER GATE WEF

J J

( ) NOT

EF

( ) ( )

( )

K( )
A

( )

BUFFER

( )

NOTBUFFER
(-)

F= NOT(NOT(A)) = A
- -

NOT

BUFFER F

( )

NOT NOT(BUFFER)
EXCLUSIVE OR GATE( XOR )

J J

( ) ( )
K( )
A
F

B
( )
XOR
F = AB + A B

(-)

- -

( )
XOR

A , B
K

EXCLUSIVE NOR GATE ( X NOR )

J J

( ) ( )
K( )
A
F

B
( )
XNOR
F = AB + A B

(-)

- -

( )
XNOR

W J


W

( )

F = AC + BC

AND??

( )A C A , C

??

( )B C B C AND

- -

A
BC

AC

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )F B C , A C OR?

AC
F

BC

( )

( )OR
( )
K( )

A
C
F

B
C

( )
( )

- -

AC

BC

( )

( )

- -

( )
:
F = A B + AB

EB A F

( )BA AND??

( )
A

A
AB

AB

( )

( )

( )

( )

F OR? ?

( )

AB
F

AB

( )

( )OR

( )
K( )

- -

AB

F
AB

( )

( )
B

AB

AB

( )

( )

( )

F = ABC + BC + AC

( )
( )

( )

- -

A
AB

( )

ABC

B
C

( )

( )

( )

AC

C
( )

( )

( )
K( )
A

ABC

B
C
B

BC

C
A

AC

( )
( )

- -

( )

( )

- -

W
W
i)

F = (A + B)(B + C)

ii)

F = (A + B)(B + C)

iii)

F = (A + B)(B + C)

iv)

F = (A + B)(B + C)

v)

F = (A + B)(B + C)

vi)

F = (A + B)(B + C)

NAND

{ ms { ms

{ ms{ ms
XOR

W
( )

( )

B
AB

F
A

AC

( )

- -

B
AB

F
A

AC

( )

- -


]<gj]<]<j<^]<]

W
WW
K

K K

W
J W

- -

CONTROLLER
PLC
PROGRAMMABLE

LOGIC

PLC
K

PLC J

TIMING LOGIC

KARITHMATIC

PLC

EF
K

KKKK
W J

PLC

W
- -

S L S ( )
KL
S

( )
S , S L , L
( )
L

( )
S S L , L
( )
S

( )

- -

( )PLC

PLC

S
INPUT

OUTPUT

(-)
F PLC
PLCE
K

PLC

K K

K K
K K
K K

W J
BUS BRICK

- -

K
EJ F
K K
K K
K K

K K
K K

K( )

- -

Power Supply

J J

KKKK
Input/output ModuleL

J J

(CPU)
Central Processing Unit (CPU)

J J

ROM

K( )

SYSTEM PROGIAM

ROM

SYSTEM VARIABLES
PLC VARIABLES
PLC

RAM

USER PROGRAM

USER VARIABLES
USER PROGRAM

EPROM OR EEPROM

( )
- -

W
WROM E

WRAM E

PLCEF

E Y EPROM YF

EEPROM

K
J J K

Programming Unit

KPLC
J

RELAYS

EF

EF

- -

LATCH CIRCUIT

EF

J J

W( )MEMORY CIRCUIT

) W J

KKE

A , A ( A ) W J

WJ
START
A

A
M
A

( )

Latch Circuit
W
K( START )J
(A, A A J
)
KAJ

KEFAJ

STOP J
KA , A

- -

WWJ
:K( )

A , AASWJ

A A

MA
WSWJ
KMA , AA

KB , BB
KB B

KM B
START
A

A
B

M
A
M
B

( )

- -

M
SW M M M
()MA

WWEF
:K( )

KFOR
KREV
KSTOP

O.L
STOP

FOR

R
M
.L

REV
F
R

( )

WW
F F , F F FOR
FF

WW
F STOP J
KF

R R REV J
KRR

K
- -

W
J

J
J

- -


]<gj]<]<j<^]<]

WW

J W

- -

PLC Programming

W
W J

W J
J

J
( S, S, Q, Q,. )
( )( PLC )J

PLC

I{I

I{I

OQ

OQ
( )

W J

W
- -

WLAD
K

WCSF
KFLOWCHART

K WSTL
-

(LAD ) LADDER

KE??F

EF
LAD

( )

- -

LAD

( ) S , S J
( )LAD

S
I

( )

( )

( )

Q L I, I S, S
K

( ) J
Q

W
:

PLC

Q
- -

( )LAD
I

( )

( )

( )

( ) J

W
:

PLC

- -

( )LAD
I

I
S

( )

( )
K

( )

CONTROL SYSTEM FLOW CHART ( CSF )J

( )

&

>=
FOR

AND
Q

- -

( )

( CSF )

( )J

PLC

Q
( )

S
S

&

Q
S

AND
S

( )

( )

( )

- -

( )J

PLC

Q
( )

I
I
I

>=

Q
S

OR

( )

( )
K

( )

- -

( ) J

PLC

PLC
K

( )
I
I

&

Q
Q

I
I

>=

( )

( )
( )

- -

K( ) J

PLC

Q
( )

I
I

&
>=

I
I

&
( )

( )

( )

- -

K( ) J

PLC

PLC
K

( )
I
I

&

( )

( )

( )

- -

CSF( ) J
I

( )
( )

I
I

>=

&

,_
I
I

>=

==

( )
STATEMENT LIST METHOD (STL) J

K
- -

STL( )

AND

OR

NOT

AND

AN

XOR

XO

EF

EF

BE

( )

STL
STL

( ) STL

E F

EF
( )
- -

EF

EFW

PLC

Q
( )

BE

( ) ( )

EFW
:

PLC

Q
( )

- -

BE

( ) ( )

EFW

PLC

Q
( )

AN
O(
AN

A
)
=

BE

( ) ( )

- -

WJ

S
S

K
K

( )

( )

K
S

S
S

( )

( )
- -

W J

I
I
I
Q

( )

( )

I
I

( )

( )

- -


]<gj]<]<j<^]<]

W
W

K
K

K K

J W

- -

KK
( M ) MARKER FLAGS( F ) J

PLC

CPU( FLAGS )
FLAGS

F {F {F

K( M )

( ) W

( )

- -

K
F { F

MM
WFW

( ) WJ
I

IS

AN

BE
( )

( )

( )

( )

( )WJ
- -

: MW

( ) WJ
I

A
A
=
A
A
=
A
A
=
A
O
O
=
A
AN
=
BE

I
I
M
I
I
M
IS
I
M
M
M
M
M
M
I
Q
( )

( )

(
)

( )

( )WJ
( ) W( )

M F

- -

( )

WFW

( ) WJ
A
AN
=
AN
A
=
A
A
=
AN
A
=
A
O
=
A
O
=
A
O
A
=
BE
( )

( )

( )

I
I
F
I
I
F
I
IS
F
I
I
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
Q
F
Q

( )

- -

( )WJ
( )WCSFJ

( )
( )

: MW

( ) WJ

( )WJ
- -

( )WCSF J
A

AN

AN

AN

BE

( )
(
)

( )

( )

- -

( )
( )

- -

(SET/RESET) J
E ( )F SR

ON SETQ

RESET
ON

KRESET

( )

( )

(Latch Circuit)

( )
SETONKS

RESETS

- -

EFCSF J
CSF ( )

( )

( )

CSF

LAD

LAD

( )
J

STL

( )
A

BE
( )

TIMERS

E F

TIME DELAY ON

TIME DELAY OFF

- -

KKKK

PLC

K ( )

QS, R

( R

R , S)

( )

( )

S, R

K
KW( )

KS K

KR K

TV K

KT K

( K

)
KQ K
- -

B , DE K

( )

( )

Pulse Timer

J J

?( )
( ) R
K

( )

( )

( )
A

L KT
SP

T
( )

- -

Extended Pulse Timer

J J

( )

( )
( )

( )

( )

L KT
SE

T
( )

Delay On Timer

J J

( )

S
( ( )R

- -

( )

( )

A
L KT
SD
A
R

I
T
I
T

( )

Latched On Delay

J J

R
S S
( )K

( )K( )
KK

- -

( )

( )

A
L KT
SS
A
R

I
T
I
T

( )

DELAY OFF

J J

Q ( )
S S
R
( )K( )

( )

( )

- -

A
L KT
SF
A
R

I
T
I
T

( )

COUNTERS

WK
K:( CU )J
KW( CD )J

( )

( )

W CU J

KRESET

- -

WCD J
KR

CV S J

KRJ

KCVJ
KQJ
CD

J J

( ( )

K( )K)
A
CD
NOP
L KC
S
NOP
NOP
NOP
A
=
BE

( )

( )

I
C

C
Q

- -

( )

CU

J J

( )
K( )K( )
A
CU
NOP
NOP
NOP
A
R
NOP
NOP
A
=
BE

( )

- -

I
C

I
C

C
Q

( )

( )

Comparators

W J

PLCS
PLCS

= >

= <
- -

>

<

> <

( EQ )W PLC

( GE )

( GE , E G )

PLC
KPLC
THE JUMP RUNCTION

W J

NON CONDILIONAL JUMP

CONDITONAL JUMP

JUMP TO SUBROUTINE

WJS

J J

W( )K

Q JS

- -

( )

WJCJ J
(

I )
KI

( )

WEFJ J

K( )

- -

( )

( RET)

- -

?
??

?? J

?? J

J
J

- -


]<gj]<]<j<^]<]

K
W J

( )
S M

S
K E F
KF

( )

- -

KEF

IN {, IN {,-I { , I { .-

IN, IN, IN I, I, I. -

O{, O{, O{.

Q{, Q{, Q{

Q, Q, Q O, O, O. -

M{, M{F {, F {, -

M, M, MF, F, F.

(S, S, S, )

(K, K, K, .)

- -

( )
( )

( )

( )

( )

AN

AN

A(
A

Q
- -

BE
( )

W J

KS , SS, S

( )

(CSF) (LAD) ( ) ( )
K(STL) ( )K

- -

( )

- -

KEF

( )

( )

- -

AN

AN

AN

A(
O

)
=

BE
( )

W J

EFJ

EFJ
WJ J
( )
W

KKS K

KS K

KK S K

(CSF) (LAD) ( ) ( )

K(STL)( )K

- -

( )

- -

( )

( )

- -

AN

AN

A(
O

AN

AN

AN

A(
O

AN

BE
( )

J J

( )

S , S ( ) ( )
NC
KS

- -

K
KK

(CSF) (LAD) ( ) ( )

K(STL)( )K

( )

- -

( )

- -

( )

- -

AN
AN
AN
A(
O
O
)
AN
=
AN
AN
AN
A(
O
O
)
AN
=
BE

I
I
I
I
Q
Q
Q
I
I
I
I
Q
Q
Q
( )

W J

( )

K( )

K S

R , R
T

KRMT
- -

T M T
R M

M
KT , K , T

( )

( )

( ) K (LAD) ( )

K(STL)

- -

K(R)

K(R)

T, T

( )

T, T

- -

AN
AN
=
A(
O(
A
AN
AN

I
I
M

I
Q
Q

O
=
A
A
AN
=
A
A(
O
O

Q
Q
M
Q
Q
T()
M

AN
=
A
A
=
A
A(
O
O

Q
Q
M
Q
T()
M

=
BE

T
Q

T
Q

( )

- -

WL J
L

( ) ( )

KL
W

WKS K
T

K
R T K
K

( )

L
- -

( )

L
( ) K (LAD) ( )

K(STL)

- -

( )

L
AN
AN
=
O
O
=
A
A
=
A
A
AN
A
A
AN
AN
=
O
O(
A
A

I
I
M
I
Q
M
M
M
Q
M
M
Q
M
Q
T
Q
Q
Q

=
A
AN
=
BE

M
M
Q
Q

Q
T

L( )
- -

Programmable Logic Controllers, J. W. Wabb and R. A. Reis,

Programmable Logic Controllers, C.Simpson,
Programmable Logic Controllers and their Engineering Applicatios, A. Crispin,
The PLC workbook, Clement Jewery,

- -

J
J J

J J

J
J J

J J

J
??J J

??J J

J J

J
??J J
??J J

EF

J J

J J

J J

J
J J

?L

J J

J J

J J

J
J J

J J

J J

J J
J J

J
J J

J J

J
J J

J J

J J

J
J J

J J

L J

EF
GOTEVOT appreciates the financial support provided by BAE SYSTEMS