(Biomass)

(Bio Conversion)
- (Direct Combustion)
(Thermo-chemical conversion)
Pyrolysis
Gasification
Liquefaction
Anaerobic Digestion
Fermentation

(Thermo-chemical conversion)

2
Pyrolysis
Gasification
Pyrolysis

20% 1820% 30-35% (Tar)
200 600OC
CO2, CO, CH4, H2

Biomass Conversion
Biomass

Thermochemical Conversion

Biochemical Conversion

Drying

Anaerobic Digestion

Pyrolysis

Anacrobic Fermentation

Gasification
Combustion

(Thermo-chemical conversion)
Gasification
(gasifier)
(gasification by partial combustion)
~
10-15%
Producer gas CO ~ 20-30%,
H2 ~ 5-15%, N2 ~ 50-60% CO2, CH4


(Thermo-chemical conversion)
Liquefaction
2
- (indirect conversion)
- (direct conversion)

(Biochemical conversion)
Anaerobic digestion

(Biogas)
CH4 ~ 70% CO2 ~ 30%
Anaerobic
fermentation

Bio-diesel
(CH3OH)
Gasohol
(C2H5OH)
Diesohol
Diesel

(kg/l)

0.792

0.72-0.76

0.81-0.87

/(oC)

78.3

30-200

170-370

(oC)

12.7

40

>52

(MJ/l)

21

31

36

107

91, 95

---

----

>47

()
260

70

180

70

(, )

375

83
12

Facilitator
/Promoter
Target 3,271 MW
Existing 1,525 MW

BOI

1%

RPS/Adder cost

5% RPS(Egat) 80 MW
Adder cost 1,665 MW
- /
- //

R&D
RE
4.0%

RE
0.5%

4%

RE
8%

RE
4.7%

Target 3,962 ktoe

Existing 2,242 Ktoe

34
600 kW
44.347 MW
267,882 MWh

3%

Target 2.4 /
Existing 0.53 /

Target 3.0 /
Existing 0.17 /

2546

2549

2550

2554

14

: . 2550

(34 )

( /)

( /)

30

21,582

10,782

36,000

45

32,373

16,173

54,000

60

43,164

21,564

72,000

( /)

984,266
591,706
294,705

1,870,677

(34 )

( /)

(MW)

30

5.15

45

10.28

60

18.92

(MW)

44.347
184.88
141.5

(MW)

(MW)

(MW)

(MW)

(MW)

(MW)

1.3

5.8

4.5

14

1.08

5.29

4.21

1.2

7.6

6.4

15

1.6

8.22

6.62

0.6

1.73

1.13

16

1.2

3.22

2.02

3.1

7.76

4.66

17

()

1.2

1.61

0.41

0.8

1.26

0.46

18

()

0.45

3.44

2.99

()

3.0

5.71

2.71

19

()

1.5

9.53

8.03

()

1.2

4.57

3.37

20

( )

1.2

4.62

3.42

1.5

7.31

5.81

21

1.5

2.68

1.78

1.2

13.72

12.52

10

3.5

5.01

1.51

22

1.2

9.74

8.54

11

1.2

4.59

3.39

23

1.2

5.71

4.51

12

(2521)

0.5

5.71

5.21

24

0.937

5.33

4.393

13

(1993)

1.28

6.09

4.81

25

1.2

6.68

5.48

(MW)

(MW)

(MW)

26

1.2

3.81

2.61

27

0.4

2.54

2.14

28

1.5

5.78

4.28

29

1.2

10.86

9.66

30

( )

1.2

5.14

3.94

31

1.0

5.21

4.21

32

0.8

3.16

3.08

33

1.2

2.28

1.08

34

1.5

3.17

44.347

184.88

1.67
141.5 19

(Incineration)

(Landfill Gas to Energy)

(Gasification)

+
+O2

CO2 + H2O++Cell
()

(Anaerobic Digestion)

(RDF)

(Aerobic Digestion)

(Anaerobic Digestion)

Biogas + +Cell
()

(Plasma Arc)
2007 Ministry of Energy

( / )

2546

2547

2548

9,340

9,356

8,291

2.
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4

12,100
5,220
2,095
2,795
1,990

12,500
5,440
2,125
2,875
2,060

12,635

3.

17,800

18,100

18,295

39,240

39,956

39,221

1.

392 MW

( 100 ~1MW)

10 MW

3
4.075 MW

20 MW
60 MW

2554


100 MW

10 MW

2.02 MW

. ()

. . 2.5 MW

950 kW

()

.
() 70 kW

. . 625 kW

()
. 950 kW

()
. 1 MW

2007 Ministry of Energy

(2.5MW)

(Biogas)
. (625kW)

60

2.5 MW 250
2546
60
40

.
Peak Time 3-4
2547 10-15

***

****

. (950 kW)

()

950 kW

300

****

2543 2548 272

7
950
2549 6- 7

2.5
(

)
40
()

2.5

2.5
40 .
2.5

34


3

5-15 / (

)
5 (. .
. . .*)

1 (Total Solid, TS)

10% - (pH 6.8-7.2)

* . (AD+RDF)

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

5-100 /

2007 Ministry of Energy

-
-

-
-

**

-
-

**

( /)

77

498.68

34

19

13

134.78

13

108

110.74

31

87

84.87

75.97

32

40.60

23

32.40

348

978.04

88

24

: 50

**

3%
4%
8%

9%

()

51%
Upflow Anaerobic

Anaerobic Filter

Anaerobic Contact

Sludge Blanket

11%

14%
Completely Stirred
Tank Reactor

UASB

Modified Covered
Lagoon

UASB

AS

UASB

: UASB+AS

: UASB

: 7,000 ./

: 6,000 ./

COD : 2,000 /

COD:10,300 /

: 3,470 ./

: 14,790 ./

 (VSPP)

HRAL(High Rate Anaerobic Lagoon)

UASB

. .

. .

(MW)

1.42

0.60

.
.

0.02

. .

0.45

.
.

0.02

: UASB

: HRAL

.
.

1.50

: 600 ./

: 18,400 ./

. .

2.03

COD: 15,000 ./

COD : 20,000 ./

. .

0.79

: 3,240 ./

: 20,000 ./

()

. .

1.55

. .

1.42

. .

1.42

11.22

( ./

(>5,000 )

150

38

( 500-5,000 )

2,038

(<500 ) >20,000

34

115

116

74

1,964

n.a.

n.a.

Fixed Dome

Channel Digester

Cover Lagoon

UASB

-
-

CO2, CH4

Bio-diesel
(CH3OH)
Gasohol
(C2H5OH)
Diesohol
Diesel

= C 40

, ,

(Cetane) C 10
10--20

VS

21 C

21 C
(cSt.)

(MJ/kg)

0.918
0.915
0.898
0.904
0.915
0.845

57.2
51.9
88.6
66.3
36.9 (@ 38 C)

39.4
37.5
39.6
37.7
39.0

3.8

46.8

10%
15

1.
2. : + +
3. (Thermal Cracking)
4.
1.
Dr. Rudolf Diesel
World Exhibition .. 1900

Heater


2. : + +
-


- B5 . ( 95%+
5%)
- :

- :

4.
-

- 1 3 4 cSt@21C
-

-
- : /
- :

3. (Thermal Cracking)
- 1
-
-
- : /
- :

1
3
+ CH3OH
1 kg
0.107 kg

3
1
+
1.004 kg
0.103 kg
2

(Free Fatty Acid)

10


:
1.
2. (FFA)
3. /
4.
5.
6.

CMU-1
100

1 (.. 2545)
CMU-2
150

CMU
CMU--2

(
))

transesterification

KOH, NaOH

11

..

..

B20

D100
Diesel 100%

B40

B100
Biodiesel 100%

Bio 20%
Diesel 80%

..

200 /

Bio 40%
Diesel 60%

Semi-Continuous Batch Process

2000 /

..

BIODIESEL

BIODIESEL

Power Vs Speed
50
Power (kW)

..

40
30
20
10
0
40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

Speed (km/h)
100% diesel

..
5000

B100

BIODIESEL

RPM

47

40
%

B40

BIODIESEL

50

B20

27.93

30

21.5

20
9.4
10
0
Diesel
100 %

B20

B40

B100

12

..

100%..
100%..

. ()

...
...

13

()

( : ..)

1500

498

500

1600

494

498

1700
1800

528
576

540
586

1900
2000

614
665

629
696

2100
2200
2300

720
770
852

758
804
869

(ppm) (%) (ppm)
550
10.5
650
450
14.5
740
725
12.5
500

1.

840
2,160
2,600

(%)
12.0
13.0
12.0

2.

18

1,000
1,600
2,200

11.5
14.5
18.5

500
650
650

10.0
15.5
19.0

500
500
600

1,733

13.42

587

13.67

583

14

86

3.5

.. 2547

3.0

.. 2548

24
4,685,000 /

16 .. 2548

2.5
2.0

2548 675,000 /
2549 1,375,000 /
2550 4,685,000 /

1.5
1.0
0.5
..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

.. 2510 2545

..

()

2549

495,000

709,412

2550

363,000

3,792,857

2,197,059

2551

363,000

7,590,000

4,658,824

(..)

()

()

(/)

2511
2515
2517
2519
2523
2526
2528
2532
2545
2546
2547 *

1,066
2,093
3,000
4,373
7,250
8,552
9,230
10,136
6,224
6,435
6,757

2,611
4,952
6,240
10,138
16,540
18,989
19,263
24,264
16,868
19,718
21,441

2,449
2,365
2,080
2,559
2,281
2,985
2,239
2,437
2,731
3,087
3,244

* 2547
:

15


2547/48 47
~ 19
4
4.6 /

7.5 /

-
2

2
0.5

4.5

4.5 x 2.2 = 9.9

1.2

1.8

3.0

3 x 4.1 = 12.3

12.6
10 / 15 /
3 / 5 /

22.2

(contract farming)

-
-
-

1.50 /
800 /

36 % 2558

16


E10 E20
Flexible fuel car
Biodiesel

1.
2.
3.
4.

energy balance ?

100

Road Map

fuel cell

Fuel Cell

2014

fuel cell
(made in Thailand)
Guidelines/Standards

PEMFC
PEMFC

2007

H2
2011

Guidelines/Standards

H2

2004

H2 Steam
Reformation

H2

1994
. H2 FC

H2

17