MMT - 01-1

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.
HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh
Bi ging Mng my tnh

ThS. NGUYN CAO T E-mail:dat@cse.hcmut.edu.vn
Thng tin chung v kha hc
Phn b thi gian

3 tit l thuyt mi tun. 6 tit t hc mi tun. http://www.cse.hcmut.edu.vn/~dat
Trang web ca mn hc
nh gi

Thi gia k: trc nghim, 60, t l nh gi: 40% Thi cui k: trc nghim, 90, t l nh gi: 60%
Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2011
MNG MY TNH Bi ging 1 Chng 1: Gii thiu 2
Kin thc v k nng sau kha hc
Kin thc

Kin thc c bn v cu trc mng my tnh M hnh tham chiu mng OSI v TCP/IP B giao thc mng TCP/IP H thng a ch mng Internet Cc giao thc nh tuyn c bn trong mng Kho st tm hiu cu hnh mng Xc nh mt cch h thng cc li thng xy ra trong mng Thit k v xy dng mt mng LAN n gin S dng cc cng ngh nh Ethernet, Wireless LAN Lp trnh ng dng mng s dng socket API
K nng (t hc)

Ni dung kha hc
Cung cp cc khi nim nn tng trong thit k v hin thc vic truyn thng gia cc my tnh bao gm cc giao thc, cc chun v cc ng dng mng, c bn v lp trnh mng Cc ch bao gm: Tng quan v kin trc mng vi m hnh tham kho OSI, b giao thc TCP/IP;Gii thiu cc k thut mng c bn, c bit l v cc k thut mng cc b c bn (Ethernet, wireless LAN, Bluetooth); Tng mng vi vic nh tuyn v lin mng, a ch v nh tuyn trn mng Internet; Tng vn chuyn vi UDP, TCP v cc giao din lp trnh mng; Tng ng dng vi cc ng dng mng Internet; Cc v d s c pht tho ch yu trn b giao thc TCP/IP.
Ti liu tham kho
Computer Networking A top-down approach, Kurose & Ross, 5th ed., Addison Wesley, 2010. Computer Networks, Andrew S. Tanenbaum, 4th ed., Prentice Hall, 2003. TCP/IP Protocol Suite, B. A. Forouzan, 1st ed., Mc Graw-Hill, 2000.
Chng 1: Gii thiu

Mc tiu: Khi nim v thut ng v mng ng dng ca mng my tnh Giao thc v chun M hnh tham kho OSI v b giao thc TCP/IP Tm tt: Internet l g? Giao thc l g? Thit b mng; cu trc mng Hiu sut: mt mt d liu, tr, thng lng Bo mt Lp giao thc, m hnh dch v Lch s
Chng 1: Mc lc
1.1 Internet l g? 1.2 Ngoi vi Mng my u cui, mi trng truyn, lin kt 1.3 Trng tm mng S chuyn mch, s chuyn gi, cu trc mng 1.4 tr, s mt mt v thng lng trong mng chuyn gi 1.5 Cc tng giao thc, cc m hnh dch v 1.6 Mng trc cc nguy c tn cng: Bo mt 1.7 Lch s
Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2011 MNG MY TNH Bi ging 1 Chng 1: Gii thiu 7
Mng my tnh l g? Nhng khi nim c bn

PC my ch MTXT khng dy thit b cm tay
hng triu thit b tnh ton c kt ni vi nhau: hosts = h thng
Mng di ng ISP quc gia
u cui
chy cc .dng mng

cp quang, cp ng, sng radio, v tinh tc truyn ti =
Mng trong nh ISP khu vc
loi kt ni

im truy cp kt ni c dy
Mng cng s
bng thng (bandwidth)
b nh tuyn: chuyn tip cc b nh tuyn
gi tin (on d liu)
Mng my tnh l g? Nhng khi nim c bn
giao thc iu khin qu

vd: TCP, IP, HTTP, Skype, Ethernet
Mng di ng ISP quc gia
trnh gi v nhn cc thng ip
Mng trong nh ISP khu vc
Internet: mng ca mng
phn tng khng cht ch mng cng cng (Internet) v mng t nhn RFC: Request for comments IETF: Internet Engineering Task Force
Mng cng s
Chun Internet
Mng my tnh l g? di gc dch v
C s h tng vin thng cho php chy cc ng dng mng:
Web, VoIP, email, tr chi, giao dch in t, chia s tp tin
Nhng dch v vin thng cung cp cho cc ng dng:
s vn chuyn d liu tin cy t ngun ti ch s vn chuyn d liu tt nht c th (khng tin cy)
Giao thc l g?
Giao thc ca con ngi: my gi ri? ti c 1 cu hi cho hi Giao thc mng: gia my mc vi nhau tt c cc hot ng giao tip trong Internet c iu khin bi cc giao thc cc giao thc nh ngha cch thc, trt t ca thng ip c gi i hoc nhn v gia cc thc th mng v nhng hnh vi cn thc hin trn cc thng ip
thng ip c gi i cc hnh vi tng ng x l thng ip nhn c
Giao thc l g?
mt giao thc ca con ngi v mt giao thc mng: Cho
Cho
my gi ri?
yu cu to kt ni TCP chp nhn kt ni TCP

Get http://www.awl.com/kurose-ross
2:00 thi gian
<d liu>
Hi: nu v d v cc giao thc khc m con ngi s dng?

Chng 1: Mc lc
Cu trc phn cng ca mng
ngoi vi: cc thit b v ng dng u cui mi trng truyn: cc lin kt c dy v khng dy thit b mng:
cc b nh tuyn kt ni vi nhau mng ca cc mng
Ngoi vi
my tnh u cui (hosts):
chy cc ng dng mng vd: Web, email mt-mt
m hnh khch/ch
my khch yu cu v nhn
dch v t my ch vd: trnh duyt Web/my ch; my khch/my ch email
khch/ch
Truy cp mng v mi trng truyn

H: lm sao kt ni my u cui vo b nh tuyn?

truy cp mng gia nh truy cp mng cng s (trng hc, cng ty) truy cp mng di ng
bng thng (s bit mi giy) ca mng truy cp? chia s hay chuyn dng?
Lu :
B iu gii quay s
vn phng trung tm
(dial-up modem)
mng in thoi
Internet
PC
b iu gii ti nh
b iu gii ti ISP
S dng h tng in thoi c sn Mi nh c kt ni ti vp trung tm Tc ti a 56Kbps Khng th lt web v gi in cng lc: khng c ch lun lun m
ng thu bao s
in thoi ti nh
(Digital Subscriber Line - DSL)
ng t c sn: 0-4KHz t; 4-50KHz d liu ti ln; 50KHz-1MHz d liu ti xung
Internet
DSLAM
mng t b chia tn hiu vp trung tm
DSL bg
PC ti nh
Cng s dng h tng in thoi c sn ti a 1 Mbps ti ln (thng thng < 256 kbps) ti a 8 Mbps ti xung (thng thng < 1 Mbps) kt ni c nh: lun lun m
Kt ni mng gia nh: b iu gii cp
Khng s dng c s h tng in thoi
thay vo s dng h tng truyn hnh cp

(HFC - hybrid fiber coax)
Cp quang/ng trc hn hp
khng i xng: ti a 30Mbps ti xung, 2 Mbps ti ln
Mng bao gm cp ng trc v cp quang ni lin h gia nh ti b nh tuyn ISP
cc h chia s cng ng truyn v b nh tuyn
Kt ni mng gia nh: b iu gii cp
s ti: http://www.cabledatacomnews.com/cmic/diagram.html
Cu trc mng TH cp: Tm lc
khong 500 n 5,000 h
trm iu phi mng phn phi cp (n gin) h g
Cu trc mng s dng cp TH: Tm lc

my ch
trm iu phi
mng phn phi cp
h g
trm iu phi
mng phn phi cp
h g

FDM
V I D E O V I D E O V I D E O V I D E O V I D E O 5 V I D E O 6 D A T A 7 D A T A 8 C O N T R O L 9
knh tn hiu
trm iu phi
mng phn phi cp
h g
Cp quang (Fiber to the Home- FTTH)

ONT Internet cp quang ONT cp quang
OLT
vp trung tm
b chia tn hiu quang hc ONT
ng truyn cp quang Hai cng ngh quang hc cnh tranh:
Mng quang hc th ng (PON) Mng quang hc ch ng (AON)
Tc Internet cao hn nhiu; cp quang cng p ng dch v truyn hnh v in thoi

Truy cp mng qua Ethernet

100 Mbps b chuyn mch ethernet 100 Mbps b nh tuyn cng s
ti NCCDV (ISP)
1 Gbps 100 Mbps
my ch
Thng c dng trong cc cng ty, trng H, v.v.. 10 Mbps, 100Mbps, 1Gbps, 10Gbps Ethernet Hin nay, hu ht cc my u cui u kt ni ti mt b chuyn mch Ethernet
Truy cp mng khng dy
(wireless network access)
Cc my u cui kt ni ti b nh tuyn bng mi trng mng khng dy chia s
b nh tuyn
thng qua trm v tuyn, cn gi l im truy cp 802.11b/g (WiFi): 11/54 Mbps
Mng cc b khng dy
trm v tuyn
Truy cp khng dy din rng

Cung cp bi cc nh mng vin thng ~1Mbps khi dng mng TD (EVDO, HSDPA) Trong tng lai (?): WiMAX (10 Mbps) trn din rng
cc my di ng
Mng gia nh
Cc thnh phn thng dng: b iu gii DSL hoc cp TV b nh tuyn/tng la/NAT Ethernet im truy cp khng dy
b iu gii cp t/ti NCCDV mtxt khng dy im truy cp khng dy
b nh tuyn /tng la
Ethernet
Mi trng vt l
Bit: lan truyn gia b pht v b thu Kt ni vt l: l vt liu/mi trng kt ni gia b pht v b thu Tn hiu c dn
Cp cp xon (Twisted Pair - TP) hai dy ng cch in
Tn hiu c truyn trong ng dy t sn: dy ng, cp quang, cp ng trc

tn hiu truyn t do, vd: sng radio
loi 3: cp in thoi truyn thng, 10 Mbps Ethernet loi 5: cp mng, 100Mbps Ethernet
Tn hiu khng c dn
Mi trng vt l: cp ng trc, cp quang

Cp ng trc: Cp si quang: Hai dy dn ng ng tm Si thy tinh truyn xung nh
nguyn thy dng cho TH cp

Pht tn rng
Chia s mi trng truyn
t nh hng bi nhiu sng in t
tc cao (> 1Mbps)
sng, mi xung l mt bit tc cao: truyn ti im-ti-im vi tc cao(vd: 10/100 Gbps) t li: b lp tn hiu c t xa nhau; min nhim vi nhiu sng in t
Mi trng vt l: V tuyn
Tn hiu c mang trong di tn s ca sng in t Khng c dy dn Chu nh hng nhiu t tc nhn bn ngoi:

Phn loi lin kt radio:

sng ngn (vi ba)
phn x cn tr bi vt th giao thoa/nhiu
ln ti 45 Mbps Wireless LAN (vd: Wifi) 11Mbps, 54 Mbps Din rng (vd: mng di ng) cng ngh 3G: ~ 1 Mbps V tinh t vi Kbps ti 45Mbps 270 msec tr u cui-u cui
Li ca mng: thit b mng
Mng li nhng b nh tuyn kt ni vi nhau cu hi cn bn: d liu c truyn qua mng nh th no ?
Chuyn mch: mi mch chuyn dng cho mt cuc gi: mng T Chuyn gi: d liu c gi qua mng trong nhng lin kt ring bit
Chng 1: Mc lc
Li ca mng: Chuyn mch (circuit switching)

Ti nguyn trn ton tuyn c d tr cho mi cuc gi Bng thng, u chuyn mch ti nguyn chuyn dng: khng chia s Hiu nng c m bo Bt buc phi c cng on thit lp cuc gi
Li ca mng:Chuyn mch (circuit switching)

Ti nguyn mng (vd: bng thng) c chia thnh nhng phn nh Cc phn ny c phn phi cho cc cuc gi. Phn ti nguyn s ri nu cuc gi khng tin hnh.
phn chia bng thng: phn chia tn s phn chia thi gian
Chuyn mch : FDM v TDM

v d: FDM tn s 4 ng.dng
thi gian TDM
tn s thi gian
V d c th
Cn bao nhiu thi gian gi ht mt tp tin c kch thc l 640,000 bits t my A ti my B qua mt mng chuyn mch?

Tng tt c cc kt ni c tc 1.536 Mbps Phn chia bng thng dng TDM vi 24 /giy 500 msec cn thit lp mch
Li ca mng: Chuyn gi
Mi dng d liu u cui-u cui c chia thnh nhiu gi
Cc ngi dng chia s ti nguyn mng Mi gi tin c dng ton b bng thng ca lin kt Ti nguyn c s dng theo yu cu
phn chia bng thng phn phi ti nguyn chuyn dng d tr ti nguyn
Tranh ua ti nguyn: Nhu cu s dng vt qu ti nguyn cho php Tc nghn: cc gi tin mc kt v nm trong hng i ti cc nt mng. Lu v chuyn tip: nguyn gi tin di chuyn qua tng node mng. Node mng nhn ton b gi tin trc khi chuyn tip
Chuyn gi: phn phi ti nguyn theo nhu cu

A B
100 Mb/s Ethernet
phn phi theo nhu cu

1.5 Mb/s
hng i ca gi tin
Th t ca cc gi tin ca A v B khng c theo mt qui c no, ti nguyn c chia s theo nhu cu. TDM: mi my nhn c mt thi gian trong khung thi gian xoay vng ca TDM.
Chuyn gi: lu-v-chuyn tip

L R
Ta c L/R (s) l t/g truyn (y) gi tin di L bit ln mt lin kt c tc R bps Lu v chuyn tip: nguyn gi tin phi c nhn ht ti b chuyn mch trc khi n c th c truyn trn lin kt tip theo tr = 3L/R (gi s thi gian lan truyn l 0)
V d: L = 7.5 Mbits R = 1.5 Mbps tr truyn ti = 15 sec
So snh gia chuyn gi v chuyn mch

Chuyn gi cho php nhiu ngi dng hn s dng mng! Lin kt 1 Mb/s Mi ngi dng:

100 kb/s khi s dng S dng 10% thi gian
Chuyn mch:
N ng/dng kt ni 1 Mbp
10 ngi dng
Chuyn gi:
vi 35 ngi dng, xc xut > 10 s dng mng cng ?: Lm th no tnh ra 0.0004? lc < 0.0004
So snh gia chuyn gi v chuyn mch

Chuyn gi hon ton vt tri?
Ph hp vi d liu khng u

chia s ti nguyn n gin, ko yu cu khi to cuc gi
Tc nghn qu mc: gi tin b tr v mt
cn c cc giao thc cho vic truyn ti d liu tin cy, kim sot tc nghn.
Hi: lm th no cung cp dch v tng t nh chuyn mch?
bng thng cn m bo cho cc ng dng thi gian thc
?: V d v nhng hot ng ca con ngi c c ch tng t nh c ch d tr ti nguyn (chuyn mch) v phn phi theo nhu cu (chuyn gi)?
Cu trc Internet: mng ca cc mng

Cu trc phn cp trung tm: cc nh cung cp dch v(NCCDV) tng-1 (vd, FPT, Viettel, VNPT, cp v khng dy), pham vi quc gia/quc t quan h ngang hng vi nhau.
cc NCCDV tng-1 kt ni vi nhau mt cch t do
Tng-1 ISP
Tng-1 ISP
Tng-1 ISP
NCCDV tng-2: nh hn (thng l thuc khu vc)
Kt ni ti mt hoc nhiu NCCDV tng-1 v c th tng-2

cc NCCDV tng-2 cng kt ni vi nhau mt cch t do.
NCCDV t2 NCCDV tng-2 NCCDV t2 l khch hng NCCDV t1 ca NCCDV tng-1 NCCDV tng-2 tr tin NCCDV NCCDV t1 tng-1 cho kt ni NCCDV t1 vo mng Internet NCCDV t2 NCCDV t2
NCCDV t2
NCCDV tng-3 v NCCDV a phng
L tng cui trong cu trc mng (gn vi my ngi dng nht)

Nccdv /ph Nccdv t-3 Nccdv /ph Nccdv t-1 Nccdv Nccdv /ph /ph Nccdv t-2
NCCDV tng-3 v NCCDV a phng l khch hng ca cc tng cao hn, s dng dch v kt ni m cc tng trn cung cp
Nccdv t-2
Nccdv t-1
Nccdv t-1 Nccdv t-2 Nccdv /ph
Nccdv t-2 Nccdv /ph
Nccdv t-2 Nccdv Nccdv /ph /ph
mt gi tin i qua nhiu mng khc nhau!

Nccdv /ph
Nccdv t-3
Nccdv t-2
Nccdv /ph
Nccdv t-1
Nccdv Nccdv /ph /ph Nccdv t-2
Nccdv t-1 Nccdv t-2 Nccdv Nccdv /ph /ph

Nccdv t-1 Nccdv t-2 Nccdv /ph
Nccdv t-2 Nccdv /ph


MMT - 01-1

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Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.

HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh

Bi ging Mng my tnh

Thng tin chung v kha hc

Phn b thi gian

3 tit l thuyt mi tun. 6 tit t hc mi tun. http://www.cse.hcmut.edu.vn/~dat

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2011

MNG MY TNH Bi ging 1 Chng 1: Gii thiu 2

Kin thc v k nng sau kha hc

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2011

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2011

MNG MY TNH Bi ging 1 Chng 1: Gii thiu 4

Ti liu tham kho

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2011

MNG MY TNH Bi ging 1 Chng 1: Gii thiu 5

Chng 1: Gii thiu

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2011

MNG MY TNH Bi ging 1 Chng 1: Gii thiu 6

Mng my tnh l g? Nhng khi nim c bn

hng triu thit b tnh ton c kt ni vi nhau: hosts = h thng

Mng di ng ISP quc gia

chy cc .dng mng

Mng trong nh ISP khu vc

bng thng (bandwidth)

b nh tuyn: chuyn tip cc b nh tuyn

gi tin (on d liu)

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2011

MNG MY TNH Bi ging 1 Chng 1: Gii thiu 8

Mng my tnh l g? Nhng khi nim c bn

giao thc iu khin qu

Mng di ng ISP quc gia

trnh gi v nhn cc thng ip

Mng trong nh ISP khu vc

Internet: mng ca mng

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2011

MNG MY TNH Bi ging 1 Chng 1: Gii thiu 9

Mng my tnh l g? di gc dch v

C s h tng vin thng cho php chy cc ng dng mng:

Web, VoIP, email, tr chi, giao dch in t, chia s tp tin

Nhng dch v vin thng cung cp cho cc ng dng:

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2011

MNG MY TNH Bi ging 1 Chng 1: Gii thiu 10

thng ip c gi i cc hnh vi tng ng x l thng ip nhn c

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2011

yu cu to kt ni TCP chp nhn kt ni TCP

2:00 thi gian

Hi: nu v d v cc giao thc khc m con ngi s dng?

Cu trc phn cng ca mng

cc b nh tuyn kt ni vi nhau mng ca cc mng

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2011

MNG MY TNH Bi ging 1 Chng 1: Gii thiu 14

my tnh u cui (hosts):

chy cc ng dng mng vd: Web, email mt-mt

dch v t my ch vd: trnh duyt Web/my ch; my khch/my ch email

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2011

MNG MY TNH Bi ging 1 Chng 1: Gii thiu 15

Truy cp mng v mi trng truyn

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2011

MNG MY TNH Bi ging 1 Chng 1: Gii thiu 16

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2011

(Digital Subscriber Line - DSL)

ng t c sn: 0-4KHz t; 4-50KHz d liu ti ln; 50KHz-1MHz d liu ti xung

mng t b chia tn hiu vp trung tm