MMT - 02-3

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.
HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh
Bi ging Mng my tnh

ThS. NGUYN CAO T E-mail:dat@cse.hcmut.edu.vn
Bi ging 5: Tng ng dng (tt)

Tham kho: Chng 2: Computer Networking A top-down approach Kurose & Ross, 5th ed., Addison Wesley, 2010.
Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2011
MNG MY TNH CN BN Bi ging 3 - Chng 2: Tng ng dng 2
Chng 2: Tng ng dng
2.1 Cc nguyn l ca tng ng dng 2.2 Web v HTTP 2.3 FTP 2.4 Th in t
SMTP, POP3, IMAP
2.6 ng dng P2P 2.7 Lp trnh Socket vi TCP 2.8 Lp trnh Socket vi UDP
2.5 DNS
Cu trc P2P thun ty
my ch khng lun lun m nhiu my u cui khc nhau giao tip trc tip vi nhau cc bn kt ni khng lin tc v thay i a ch IP Ba ch :

Phn phi tp tin Tm kim thng tin Tnh hung nghin cu: Skype
peer-peer
Phn phi tp tin: Ch-khch so vi P2P

Cu hi : Cn bao nhiu thi gian phn phi tp t 1 my
ch ti N ngi dng?
us: bng thng ti
my ch
ln ca my ch
u1 d1
u2
ui: bng thng ti ln

ca mi khch
d2
Tp, kch thc F
us dN uN
di: bng thng ti
xung ca mi khch
Mng(bng thng rng)
Thi gian phn phi tp: ch-khch
ch ln lt gi N bn sao:
NF/us s
my ch
khch i cn F/di t/g ti xung

tng tuyn tnh theo N (vi N ln)
F
us dN uN
u1 d1 u2
d2
Mng(bng thng rng)
Thi gian phn phi F ti N khch s dng = d = max { NF/u , F/min(d ) } cs s i m hnh khch/ch i
Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2011 MNG MY TNH CN BN Bi ging 3 - Chng 2: Tng ng dng 6
Phn phi tp tin: P2P
my ch phi gi mt phn sao: F/us vtg khch i cn F/di t/g ti v NF bit phi c ti v
my ch
F
us dN uN
u1 d1 u2 Mng(bng thng rng)
d2
Vn tc ti ln nhanh nht c th: u s + Su i dP2P = max { F/us, F/min(di) , NF/(us +

i
Sui) }
Khch-ch so vi P2P: v d
tc ti ln ca n/d = u, F/u = 1 hour, us = 10u, dmin us
3.5 P2P Client-Server
Minimum Distribution Time
3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 0
10
15
20
25
30
35
Phn phi tp tin: BitTorrent

phn phi tp kiu P2P
my ch (tracker): theo di cc
c nhn tham gia vo torrent
torrent: nhm cc c
nhn chia s nhng on tp
ly danh sch ngi tham gia
trao i cc on tp
peer
BitTorrent (1)

tp c chia thnh on 256KB. c nhn tham gia torrent:

ko c on no, nhng s tch ly chng theo t/g ng k vi tracker ly danh sch thnh vin, lin kt ti mt nhm nh thnh vin (hng xm)
trong khi ti v, ngi ti ng thi chia s on tp cho nhng ngi khc. c nhn c th tham gia hoc t b torrent mt khi n/d ti xong tp, h c th ri mng torrent hoc li chia s cho ngi khc
BitTorrent (2)
Ko cc on tp Gi cc on tp: tit-for-tat Alice gi cc on cho 4 ti bt k thi im no, cc hng xm m ang gi thnh vin khc nhau s c on cho c ta vn tc nhng on khc nhau ca cao nht mt tp nh gi li tp 4 sau mt cch nh k, mt thnh mi 10 s vin (Alice) s yu cu t sau mi 30 s: chn ngu cc hng xm danh sch nhin mt thnh vin khc, cc on m h c. v gi on cho n Alice gi yu cu ti cc thnh vin mi ny c on m c ta thiu th vo tp 4
on him nht trc
BitTorrent: Tit-for-tat
(1) Alice khai thng mt cch lc quan cho Bob (2) Alice tr thnh 1 trong tp 4 nh cung cp ca Bob; Bob tr n (3) Bob tr thnh 1 trong tp 4 nh cung cp ca Alice
Vi vn tc ti ln cao hn, c th tm c i tc truyn ti tt hn v ti tp tin nhanh hn!

Bng bm phn tn (DHT)

DHT = c s d liu P2P phn tn CSDL c cc cp (kha, gi tr);

kha: s CMND; gi tr: tn ngi kha: loi ni dung; gi tr: /c IP CSDL tr li gi tr m c kha trng hp
Cc thnh vin truy vn CSDL vi kha
Thnh vin cng c th chn cc cp (kha, gi tr) vo CSDL
nh danh DHT
Gn cho mi thnh vin mt s nguyn nh danh trong khong [0,2n-1].
Mi nh danh c th c biu din bng n bt.
Yu cu mi kha cng l mt s nguyn trong cng khong trn. to ra kha s nguyn ta bm kha nguyn thy.

vd: key = h(Led Zeppelin IV) V vy gi l bng bm phn tn
Lm sao gn kha cho cc thnh vin?
Vn trng tm:
gn cc cp (kha, gi tr) cho cc thnh vin.
Qui lut: gn kha cho thnh vin m c ID gn nht. Qui c n gin: gn nht l s ng ngay sau ca kha. Vd: n=4; thnh vin: 1,3,4,5,8,10,12,14;
kha = 13, thnh vin gn nht = 14 key = 15, thnh vin gn nht = 1
DHT xoay vng (1)

1 15 3 4
12 10
5 8
Mi thnh vin ch nm thng tin ca ngi ng ngay trc hoc ngay sau n. Mng bao ph
Circle DHT (2)

trung bnh O(N) thng ip tm ra v tr thnh vin
0001
Ti
Ai chu trch nhim cho kha 1110 ?
0011
1110
1111
1110 1110
0100
1110
1100
1110
0101
nh ngha gn nht l ngi lin sau gn nht Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM
Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2011
1110
1010
1000
Circle DHT (2)

trung bnh O(N) thng ip tm ra v tr thnh vin
0001
Ti
Ai chu trch nhim cho kha 1110 ?
0011
1110
1111
1110 1110
0100
1110 1110
1100
nh ngha gn nht l ngi lin sau gn nht
1110
0101
1010
1000
DHT xoay vng vi lin kt tt

1
3
15
Ai qun l kha 1110?
4 12 10
Mi thnh vin lu du ca a ch IP ca ngi lin trc, lin sau v vi lin kt tt. Gim t 6 xung cn 2 thng ip. C th thit k lin kt tt sao cho c O(log N) hng xm, O(log N) thng ip cho mi truy vn
Peer Churn
1 3 4
x l peer churn, yu cu mi t/vin phi bit a ch ca 2 ngi lin sau n. Mi t/vin theo nh k ping 2 ngi lin k n xem h cn trn mng ko.
15
12 10
1. Thnh vin s 5 t nhin ri khi mng
8 Thnh vin 4 nhn ra; nhn 8 lm ngi lin sau chnh thc; hi 8 ai l ngi lin sau chnh thc ca n; nhn ngi lin sau chnh thc ca 8 lm ngi lin sau th 2. Chuyn g xy ra nu 13 mun gia nhp?
Trng hp nghin cu P2P: Skype

khch Skype(SC)
c tnh cht P2P: cc cp n/dng lin lc vi nhau. My ch ng nhp Skype giao thc tng ng dng s hu h thng bao ph phn cp vi Supernode (SN) Ch mc nh x tn ngi dng vi a ch IP; phn tn thng qua SN
Supernode (SN)
Cc thnh vin nh l trm chuyn tip
Vn khi c Alice v Bob ng sau cc NAT.
NAT ngn cn nhng t/vin bn ngoi khi u cuc gi vo t/vin bn trong S dng SN ca Alice v Bob, Ch chuyn tip c chn Mi thnh vin khi u phin lm vic vi SN chuyn tip. Cc t/vin c th lin lc xuyn qua NAT bng trm chuyn tip
Gii php:
Chng 2: Tng ng dng
SMTP, POP3, IMAP
2.5 DNS
Lp trnh hc kt ni
Mc tiu: hc cch xy dng ng dng khch/ch s dng hc kt ni (HKN - socket)
Giao din lp trnh ng dng (gdltd - API) HKN
hkn
mt giao din trn my cc b, to bi ng dng, iu khin bi OS (mt cnh ca) thng qua tin trnh ng dng c th va gi v nhn tin nhn ti/t mt tin trnh ng dng khc
c gii thiu trong BSD4.1 UNIX, 1981 c khi to, s dng, v gii phng bi cc ng dng m hnh khch/ch hai loi dch v truyn ti thng qua gdltd hkn: khng tin cy tin cy, hng kt ni
Lp trnh Socket s dng TCP

Socket: mt cnh ca gia tin trnh ng dng v giao thc truyn ti u cui-u cui (UCP hoc TCP) Dch v TCP: truyn ti tin cy ca bytes (bai) t mt tin trnh ti tin trnh khc
iu khin bi lp trnh vin ng dng iu khin bi h iu hnh
tin trnh socket TCP vi b nh, bin
tin trnh
internet
socket TCP vi b nh, bin
iu khin bi lp trnh vin ng dng

iu khin bi h iu hnh
my c nhn hoc my ch
my c nhn hoc my ch
Lp trnh Socket vi TCP

Khch phi lin h ch tin trnh ch phi khi chy t u my ch phi khi to socket (ca) v sn sng nhn s lin h t khch
Khch lin h ch bng cch: to ra mt socket TCP cc b trn my khch ch r a ch IP, s cng ca tin trnh ch Khi khch to socket: khch TCP thit lp kt ni ti my ch TCP
Khi c lin h bi khch, my ch TCP to mt socket mi tin hnh lin lc vi khch cho php ch c th ni chuyn vi nhiu khch s cng ngun c dng phn bit ngi dng
t gc nhn ca /d
TCP cung cp dch v truyn ti tin cy, theo th t ca cc byte gia khch v ch
Tng tc socket Khch/Ch: TCP

Ch
(chy trn hostid)
Khch
to socket, cng=x, cho cc truy vn ti: welcomeSocket = ServerSocket() ch cc yu cu thit khi to kt ni connectionSocket = welcomeSocket.accept()
TCP lp kt ni
create socket, connect to hostid, port=x clientSocket = Socket() gi yu cu s dng clientSocket
c yu cu t connectionSocket
vit phn hi vo connectionSocket ng connectionSocket
c phn hi t clientSocket ng clientSocket

Thut ng Stream lung
Mt lung l mt chui cc k t chy (i) vo hoc ra t mt tin trnh. Mt lung u vo c gn vo ngun u vo no ca tin trnh, vd: bn phm hoc socket Mt lung u ra c gn vo mt ngun u ra, vd: mn hnh hoc socket.
keyboard
monitor
input stream
Tin Process trnh khch
inFromUser
output stream
inFromServer
outToServer
input stream
socket TCP clientSocket khch

to network
TCP socket
from network
Lp trnh Socket vi TCP

V d ng dng khch-ch:
1) khch c tng dng t u vo chun (lung inFromUser) , gi cho ch thng qua socket (lung outToServer) 2) ch c tng dng t socket 3) ch chuyn tng dng sang dng vit HOA, gi li cho khch 4) khch c, in dng c chnh sa t socket (lung inFromServer)
V d: khch Java (TCP)

import java.io.*; import java.net.*; class TCPClient { public static void main(String argv[]) throws Exception { String sentence; String modifiedSentence; To lung u vo T o socket khch, kt ni ti ch To lung u ra gn vo Socket BufferedReader inFromUser = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); Socket clientSocket = new Socket("hostname", 6789); DataOutputStream outToServer = new DataOutputStream(clientSocket.getOutputStream());
V d: Khch Java (TCP), tt.

T o lung u vo gn vi socket
BufferedReader inFromServer = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(clientSocket.getInputStream()));

sentence = inFromUser.readLine();
Gi dng ti ch c dng t ch
outToServer.writeBytes(sentence + '\n'); modifiedSentence = inFromServer.readLine(); System.out.println("FROM SERVER: " + modifiedSentence); clientSocket.close(); }
V d: ch Java (TCP)
import java.io.*; import java.net.*;
class TCPServer {
public static void main(String argv[]) throws Exception { String clientSentence; String capitalizedSentence; ServerSocket welcomeSocket = new ServerSocket(6789); while(true) { Socket connectionSocket = welcomeSocket.accept(); BufferedReader inFromClient = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connectionSocket.getInputStream()));
To Socket n khch ti cng 6789 Ch khch ti lin h ti Socket To lung u vo, gn vi socket
V d: my ch Java (TCP), tt
To lung u ra, gn vo socket c vo 1 dng t socket Vit mt dng ra socket }
DataOutputStream outToClient = new DataOutputStream(connectionSocket.getOutputStream()); clientSentence = inFromClient.readLine(); capitalizedSentence = clientSentence.toUpperCase() + '\n'; outToClient.writeBytes(capitalizedSentence); } on cui vng lp while, quay tr li v ch kt ni ca khch khc
Chng 2: Tng ng dng
SMTP, POP3, IMAP
2.5 DNS
Lp trnh Socket vi UDP

UDP: khng kt ni gia khch v ch khng bt tay ngi gi gn a ch IP v cng ca ngi nhn vo mi gi tin my ch phi tch a ch IP v cng ca ngi gi t gi tin nhn c UDP: d liu truyn ti c th b ln xn trt t hoc l b mt
t gc nhn ca /d
UDP cung cp s truyn ti khng tin cy ca mt nhm byte (datagrams) gia khch v ch
Tng tc socket khch/ch: UDP

My ch
(chy trn hostid)
Khch
to socket, clientSocket = DatagramSocket() to gi tin vi IP my ch v port=x; gi gi tin thng qua clientSocket
to socket, port= x. serverSocket = DatagramSocket()
c gi tin t serverSocket
vit phn hi ti serverSocket ch r a ch, s cng ca khch
c gi tin t clientSocket ng clientSocket

V d: Khch Java (UDP)

keyboard monitor
input stream
Tin trnh Process khch

u ra: gi gi tin
inFromUser
u vo: nhn gi
tin (nhc li: TCP nhn lung byte)

UDP packet
receivePacket
sendPacket
(nhc li: TCP gi lung byte)
UDP packet
socket UDP clientSocket khch

to network
UDP socket
from network
V d: khch Java (UDP)

import java.io.*; import java.net.*; class UDPClient { public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception { BufferedReader inFromUser = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); DatagramSocket clientSocket = new DatagramSocket(); InetAddress IPAddress = InetAddress.getByName("hostname"); byte[] sendData = new byte[1024]; byte[] receiveData = new byte[1024]; String sentence = inFromUser.readLine(); sendData = sentence.getBytes();
To lung u vo To socket khch Dch tn my sang a ch IP s dng DNS
V d: khch Java client (UDP), tt.

To gi tin vi d liu, di, IP, cng
DatagramPacket sendPacket = new DatagramPacket(sendData, sendData.length, IPAddress, 9876);
Gi gi tin ti my ch
c gi tin t my ch
clientSocket.send(sendPacket);
DatagramPacket receivePacket = new DatagramPacket(receiveData, receiveData.length); clientSocket.receive(receivePacket); String modifiedSentence = new String(receivePacket.getData()); System.out.println("FROM SERVER:" + modifiedSentence); clientSocket.close(); } }
V d: my ch Java (UDP)
import java.io.*; import java.net.*; class UDPServer { public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception { DatagramSocket serverSocket = new DatagramSocket(9876); byte[] receiveData = new byte[1024]; byte[] sendData = new byte[1024]; while(true) {
To socket UDP ti cng 9876
To b nh cho gi tin n Nhn gi tin

DatagramPacket receivePacket = new DatagramPacket(receiveData, receiveData.length); serverSocket.receive(receivePacket);

V d: My ch Java (UDP), tt
String sentence = new String(receivePacket.getData());
Ly a ch IP s cng, ca ngi gi
InetAddress IPAddress = receivePacket.getAddress(); int port = receivePacket.getPort(); String capitalizedSentence = sentence.toUpperCase(); sendData = capitalizedSentence.getBytes();
To ra gi tin gi ti khch Vit gi tin ra socket

} }
DatagramPacket sendPacket = new DatagramPacket(sendData, sendData.length, IPAddress, port);
serverSocket.send(sendPacket);
}
on cui vng lp, quay li v ch gi tin khc

Chng 2: Tng kt
Kt thc tm hiu v cc ng dng mng!
kin trc ng dng

cc giao thc c th:

khch-ch P2P lai
cc yu cu dch v ca ng dng:
lp trnh hc kt ni
HTTP FTP SMTP, POP, IMAP DNS P2P: BitTorrent, Skype
s tin cy, bng thng, tr
m hnh dch v truyn ti Internet

hng kt ni, tin cy:: TCP ko tin cy, gi tin: UDP

Chng 2: Tng kt
Quan trng nht: hiu v cc giao thc
s trao i truy vn/phn hi ph bin:
Cc ch quan trng:
khch yu cu thng tin hoc dch v my ch phn hi vi d liu, m trng thi mo u: cc trng mang thng tin v d liu d liu: thng tin c trao i
cc nh dng t/ip:
t/ip iu khin vs. d liu ni tuyn, ngoi tuyn tp trung vs. phn tn ko trng thi vs. c trng thi truyn ti t/ip tin cy vs. ko tin cy

MMT - 02-3

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Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.

HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh

Bi ging Mng my tnh

Bi ging 5: Tng ng dng (tt)

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2011

MNG MY TNH CN BN Bi ging 3 - Chng 2: Tng ng dng 2

Chng 2: Tng ng dng

SMTP, POP3, IMAP

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2011

MNG MY TNH CN BN Bi ging 3 - Chng 2: Tng ng dng 3

Cu trc P2P thun ty

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2011

MNG MY TNH CN BN Bi ging 3 - Chng 2: Tng ng dng 4

Phn phi tp tin: Ch-khch so vi P2P

ui: bng thng ti ln

Tp, kch thc F

di: bng thng ti

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2011

MNG MY TNH CN BN Bi ging 3 - Chng 2: Tng ng dng 5

Thi gian phn phi tp: ch-khch

khch i cn F/di t/g ti xung

Mng(bng thng rng)

Phn phi tp tin: P2P

u1 d1 u2 Mng(bng thng rng)

Vn tc ti ln nhanh nht c th: u s + Su i dP2P = max { F/us, F/min(di) , NF/(us +

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2011

Minimum Distribution Time

3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 0

Phn phi tp tin: BitTorrent

ly danh sch ngi tham gia

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2011

MNG MY TNH CN BN Bi ging 3 - Chng 2: Tng ng dng 9

tp c chia thnh on 256KB. c nhn tham gia torrent:

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2011

on him nht trc

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2011

MNG MY TNH CN BN Bi ging 3 - Chng 2: Tng ng dng 11

Vi vn tc ti ln cao hn, c th tm c i tc truyn ti tt hn v ti tp tin nhanh hn!

Bng bm phn tn (DHT)

DHT = c s d liu P2P phn tn CSDL c cc cp (kha, gi tr);

Cc thnh vin truy vn CSDL vi kha

Thnh vin cng c th chn cc cp (kha, gi tr) vo CSDL

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2011

MNG MY TNH CN BN Bi ging 3 - Chng 2: Tng ng dng 13

Gn cho mi thnh vin mt s nguyn nh danh trong khong [0,2n-1].

Mi nh danh c th c biu din bng n bt.

vd: key = h(Led Zeppelin IV) V vy gi l bng bm phn tn

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2011

MNG MY TNH CN BN Bi ging 3 - Chng 2: Tng ng dng 14

Lm sao gn kha cho cc thnh vin?

gn cc cp (kha, gi tr) cho cc thnh vin.

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2011

MNG MY TNH CN BN Bi ging 3 - Chng 2: Tng ng dng 15

DHT xoay vng (1)

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh 2011

Circle DHT (2)

Ai chu trch nhim cho kha 1110 ?

MNG MY TNH CN BN Bi ging 3 - Chng 2: Tng ng dng 17

Circle DHT (2)

Ai chu trch nhim cho kha 1110 ?

MNG MY TNH CN BN Bi ging 3 - Chng 2: Tng ng dng 18

DHT xoay vng vi lin kt tt

Ai qun l kha 1110?